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García-Pérez H, Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Estabrooks PA. Urban Violence, Migration and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use among Transnational Students in Northern Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 38248508 PMCID: PMC10815035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This article reports on the findings of a study of the relationship between transnational experiences in the United States (US) and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among 7th grade students (n = 1418). The study was guided by a cross-national framework for research on immigrant health and assessed the accumulation of risk factors for transnational adolescents. Data came from a survey conducted in 2017 in Nogales, Mexico. In this study, the last 30-day prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among students was 21.7%, 8.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. Most students were born in Nogales (69.6%), while 10.5% were born in the US, 7.5% attended school in the US, and 3.6% engaged in health-related risk behaviors while living in or visiting the US. Students with transnational experiences, such as attending school in the US, reported the highest 30-day prevalence of tobacco (13.3%) and marijuana (9.5%) use. After adjusting for family, school, access to substances and neighborhood violence variables, students who engaged in health-related risk behavior in the US had significantly increased odds of alcohol and marijuana use while later attending school in Mexico. The article discusses the findings from a prevention science perspective and provides implications for policy, practice, and future research on the Mexico-US border region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda García-Pérez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Unidad Nogales, Reforma Av. No. 528 Col. del Rosario, Nogales 84020, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Stephen S. Kulis
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA;
- Global Center for Applied Health Research (GCAHR), University Center 720, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-3920, USA;
| | - Flavio F. Marsiglia
- Global Center for Applied Health Research (GCAHR), University Center 720, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004-3920, USA;
| | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Utah, 248 HPER North, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
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2
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Lee E, Piñeros J, Williams LD, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Molina Y, Boodram B. Network ethnic homophily and injection equipment sharing among Latinx and White non-Latinx people who inject drugs. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36853193 PMCID: PMC10460831 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2181259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Latinx people who inject drugs (PWID) are less likely to engage in injection equipment sharing, but are more vulnerable to injection drug use (IDU)-related morbidity and mortality than Whites. Identifying subgroups of Latinx PWID who do engage in equipment sharing and likely bear the brunt of this health burden is a priority. Ethnic disparities may reflect contextual drivers, including injection networks. Latinx PWID with low ethnic homophily (the proportion of individuals with the same ethnic background) may be more likely to share equipment due to forced distancing from health-protective ethnocultural resources and power imbalances within injection networks. The current study offers a framework and examines how associations between network ethnic homophily and injection equipment sharing differ among 74 Latinx and 170 non-Latinx White PWID in the Chicagoland area (N = 244). Latinx had less homophilous than non-Latinx Whites (p <.001). Ethnic homophily was protective for equipment sharing among Latinx (OR = 0.17, 95%CI [0.77, 0.04], p = .02), but not non-Latinx Whites (OR = 1.66, 95%CI [0.40, 6.93], p = .49). Our findings implicate the need for targeted cultured interventions that focus on Latinx PWID who are more vulnerable to morbidity and mortality, potentially due to less access to ethnic peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Lee
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juliet Piñeros
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Leslie D. Williams
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary-Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yamilé Molina
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Basmattee Boodram
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Hong JS, Lee J, Caravita SC, Kim SE, Peguero AA. Risk behaviors as correlates of victimization of U.S.-born and foreign-born Asian, Black, and Latinx adolescents in the United States. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:67-90. [PMID: 36180222 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the association between risk behaviors and victimization and race-based victimization amongst U.S.-born and foreign-born Asian, Black, and Latinx adolescents. Data were derived from the U.S. subset of the 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study. Samples include 662 Asian, 2413 Black, and 3188 Latinx adolescents (M = 12.9, SD = 1.75, 48.6% female) in grades 5-10. Univariate analyses, t-test analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Aggressive behavior was associated with victimization for U.S.-born and foreign-born Asian, Black, and Latinx adolescents. Race-based aggressive behavior was correlated for U.S.-born and foreign-born Black and Latinx adolescents. Smoking was positively associated with victimization amongst foreign-born Asian adolescents. Alcohol use was correlated with victimization and race-based victimization amongst foreign-born Latinx adolescents. Marijuana use was related to victimization amongst U.S.-born Black adolescents. Physical fighting was shown to be positively correlated with race-based victimization for U.S.-born Latinx adolescents. Carrying a weapon was associated with victimization and race-based victimization for U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinx adolescents. It was also associated with victimization amongst U.S.-born Asian adolescents. Befriending deviant peers was negatively associated with U.S.-born and foreign-born Black adolescents and U.S.-born Latinx adolescents, but positively associated with U.S.-born Asian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Hong
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungup Lee
- Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simona C Caravita
- Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioral Research in Education, University of Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Brescia & Milan, Italy
| | - Sei Eun Kim
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony A Peguero
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Reyes ME, Weiss NH, Swan SC, Sullivan TP. The Role of Acculturation in the Relation Between Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Misuse Among IPV-victimized Hispanic Women in the Community. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP7057-NP7081. [PMID: 33100128 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520967134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic women in the United States are disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). One correlate of IPV among Hispanic women with important public health implications is substance misuse. However, limited research has identified culturally relevant factors that may impact the strength of the IPV-substance misuse association in this population. The present study examined the moderating role of acculturation in the relation between IPV types (i.e., physical, psychological, and sexual) and substance (i.e., alcohol and drug) misuse. Participants were 150 IPV-exposed Hispanic women in the community (M age = 35.13). IPV types, substance misuse outcomes, and acculturation were significantly and positively correlated with each other at zero-order. Moderation analyses indicated that the relations between IPV and substance misuse were stronger among Hispanic women with higher (vs. lower) levels of acculturation. These findings suggest the potential utility of considering acculturation when assessing and treating substance misuse among IPV-exposed Hispanic women.
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5
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Variation in US drug overdose mortality within and between Hispanic/Latine subgroups: A disaggregation of national data. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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6
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Kanamori M, Shrader CH, George SS, Adkins T, Bartholomew TS, Sanchez M, de la Rosa M. Influences of immigration stress and occupational exploitation on Latina seasonal workers' substance use networks: a qualitative study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 21:457-475. [PMID: 32609076 PMCID: PMC7775321 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1778591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
US female Latina seasonal farm workers (LSW) are a medically underserved community experiencing severe health disparities. We explored the relationship between alcohol and prescription medication, and LSW social networks using a qualitative approach. In 2015, this study used convenience sampling to recruit 28 LSWs in South Florida for three focus group discussions in Spanish. Focus groups were translated to English for analysis, which employed a general inductive approach. Themes included prescription medication distribution within networks, spirituality/religion practice with friends and family, and alcohol use with friends. Substance abuse prevention and treatment interventions should account for the unique needs of LSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara St. George
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Adkins
- Pediatrics Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler S. Bartholomew
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mario de la Rosa
- Robert Stempel College of Social Work and Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hai AH, Cano MÁ, Oh S, Piñeros-Leaño M, Vaughn MG. Alcohol abstinence and binge drinking: the intersections of language and gender among Hispanic adults in a national sample, 2002-2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:727-736. [PMID: 34374827 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research examining alcohol use using national data has often overlooked vital heterogeneity among Hispanics, especially that related to language dominance and gender. We examine the prevalence of alcohol abstinence and-given prior research suggesting that many Spanish dominant Hispanics do not drink-examine rates of binge drinking among past-year alcohol users with a focus on the intersections of language and gender among Hispanics, while drawing comparisons with non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black adults. METHODS Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health-a nationally representative survey between 2002 and 2018-we examine the year-by-year prevalence of alcohol abstinence and binge drinking among adults ages 18 and older in the United States. RESULTS A disproportionate number of Spanish-dominant Hispanics abstain from alcohol use (54%), with particularly high levels of alcohol abstinence observed among Spanish dominant women (men: 39%, women: 67%). The prevalence of alcohol abstinence among English-dominant Hispanic men (24%) and women (32%) is far lower, approximating that of NH Whites (men: 23%, women: 32%). Importantly, however, among Spanish-dominant drinkers, the prevalence of binge drinking (men: 52%, women: 33%) is comparable to or greater than NH Whites (men: 42%, women: 32%). Binge drinking levels among English-dominant Hispanic men (50%) and women (37%) are greater than among their NH White counterparts. CONCLUSION Findings paint a complex picture; consistent with prior research, we see that many Hispanics abstain from alcohol, but we also see new evidence underscoring that-among Hispanic drinkers-the prevalence of binge drinking is disconcertingly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - María Piñeros-Leaño
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Cano M, Sparks CS. Drug overdose mortality by race/ethnicity across US-born and immigrant populations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109309. [PMID: 35077954 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined racial/ethnic differences in US drug overdose mortality among US-born and foreign-born men and women. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis of 2010-2019 data from the National Center for Health Statistics, Bayesian hierarchical models predicted drug overdose mortality based on the interaction of race/ethnicity, nativity, and sex, adjusting for age, for 518,553 drug overdose deaths among individuals ages 15-74 identified as Non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, Hispanic, or NH Asian/Pacific Islander (PI). Rate ratios with 95% Highest Posterior Density Intervals (HPDIs) were examined by race/ethnicity and nativity. RESULTS In the US-born population, 2017-2019 estimated overdose mortality rates were higher for NH Black than NH White men (ratio 1.48 [95% HPDI 1.28-1.72]), similar between NH Black and NH White women (ratio 1.03 [95% HPDI 0.89-1.20]), similar between Hispanic and NH White men (ratio 0.96 [95% HPDI 0.82-1.10]), and lower for NH Asian/PI than NH White men and women. In the foreign-born population, both for men and women, estimated overdose mortality rates were lower in every racial/ethnic group relative to the NH White group. For men and women of all racial/ethnic groups examined, estimated overdose mortality rates were higher in US-born than foreign-born subpopulations, yet the extent of this nativity differential was least pronounced in the NH White group. CONCLUSIONS In the US-born population, NH Black men experienced the highest recent rates of overdose mortality; in the foreign-born population, the highest rates of overdose mortality were observed among NH White men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 501W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
| | - Corey S Sparks
- Department of Demography, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Hai AH, Lee CS, Abbas BT, Bo A, Morgan H, Delva J. Culturally adapted evidence-based treatments for adults with substance use problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108856. [PMID: 34274617 PMCID: PMC11468295 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review/meta-analysis aimed to synthesize empirical evidence from randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of culturally adapted interventions (CAIs) for substance use and related consequences for adults of color. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. We used robust variance estimation in meta-regression to synthesize effect size estimates and conduct moderator analyses. RESULTS Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The overall effect size was 0.23 (95 % Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.12, 0.35). The subgroup effect sizes for comparing CAIs with inactive controls and with active controls were 0.31 (CI = 0.14, 0.48) and 0.14 (CI=-0.02, 0.29), respectively. The effect sizes for alcohol use, illicit drug use, unspecified substance use outcomes, and substance use related consequences were 0.25 (CI = 0.08, 0.43), 0.35 (CI =-0.30, 1.00), 0.22 (CI=-0.17, 0.62), and 0.02 (CI=-0.11, 0.16), respectively. Moderator analysis showed that CAIs' effects might not vary significantly by treatment model, dose, country, follow-up assessment timing, participant age, or gender/sex. CONCLUSIONS Research on substance use interventions that are culturally adapted for people of color is growing, and more high-quality studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions about CAIs' treatment effects. Our study found CAIs to be a promising approach for reducing substance use and related consequences. We call for more efficacy/effectiveness and implementation research to further advance the development and testing of evidence-based CAIs that meet the unique needs and sociocultural preferences of diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hang Hai
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Christina S Lee
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bilal T Abbas
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3300 Kossuth Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Ai Bo
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Henry Morgan
- Sociology Department, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12604, USA
| | - Jorge Delva
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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10
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Yockey A, Stryker S. The Epidemiology of Cocaine Use Among Hispanic Individuals: Findings From the 2015-2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2020; 19:105-111. [PMID: 33228393 DOI: 10.1177/1540415320971634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disproportionately affects several social groups, including ethnic and sexual minorities. The present study sought to identify the epidemiology of cocaine use among a national sample of Hispanic young adults using pooled data from the 2015-2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Weighted analyses were used to identify correlates to past-year cocaine use. Results revealed that 4.11% (n = 729) of individuals used cocaine in the past year. Individuals who identified as gay/lesbian or bisexual, who drove under the influence of alcohol in the past year, and who reported prior drug use were at risk of cocaine use. Of concern, nearly 10% of gay/lesbian Hispanic individuals report having used cocaine in the past year. Furthermore, cocaine use was associated with other risky behaviors; 41.1% of LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) users also reported cocaine use, and 18.2% of cocaine users reported having driven under the influence of alcohol within the past year. Findings from the present study may inform harm reduction efforts and health prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yockey
- School of Human Services, 2514University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Center for Prevention Science, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH, USA
| | - Shanna Stryker
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, 12303College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Clarke RD, Fernandez SB, Hospital M, Morris SL, Howard M, Wagner EF, Wales E. Getting Their Feet in the Door: Communication Cues to Action for HIV Testing and Condom Use Behaviors Among Hispanic/Latinx College Students. J Prim Prev 2020; 42:331-341. [DOI: 10.1007/s10935-020-00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Cano M. Prescription opioid misuse among U.S. Hispanics. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106021. [PMID: 31306983 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a risk factor for addiction, heroin use, and overdose, the misuse of prescription opioids represents a critical public health challenge. While public attention has primarily centered on opioid misuse among White individuals, less attention has been devoted to opioid misuse among one of the United States' fastest-growing demographic groups: Hispanic immigrants and their descendants. This study therefore examined prescription opioid misuse among U.S. Hispanic adults, with attention to within-group differences and the role of acculturation-related characteristics. METHODS Data were derived from the 7037 U.S. Hispanic adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (2012-2013). Weighted proportions, adjusted odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were computed for past-year and lifetime prescription opioid misuse. Binomial logistic regression models examined the association between acculturation-related characteristics and prescription opioid misuse. RESULTS Past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse among U.S. Hispanic adults was lower in the first generation (1.6%), compared with the second (4.1%), third (6.8%), and higher-than-third (6.2%) generations, and a similar pattern was observed for lifetime prevalence. Higher generation, greater English language orientation, and length of time living in the United States were significantly associated with higher odds of past-year and lifetime prescription opioid misuse. CONCLUSIONS Relying solely on comparisons of prevalence between ethnic groups may obscure significant variations within ethnic groups. Second, third, and higher generation Hispanics are higher-risk subgroups, with rates of prescription opioid misuse approaching or surpassing the rates reported among non-Hispanic Whites.
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13
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The Study and Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Misuse Among Migrants: Toward a Transnational Theory of Cultural Stress. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Martinez MJ, Huang S, Estrada Y, Sutton MY, Prado G. The Relationship Between Acculturation, Ecodevelopment, and Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2017; 37:948-974. [PMID: 28798506 PMCID: PMC5548136 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616636228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relationship of Hispanicism on recent substance use and whether Americanism moderated the effect in a sample of 1,141 Hispanic adolescents. The Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire (BIQ) was used to determine the degree of individual comfort in both Hispanic (Hispanicism) and American (Americanism) cultures. Hispanicism was associated with greater family functioning (β = 0.36, p < .05) and school bonding (β = 0.31, p < .01); Americanism moderated the effect of Hispanicism on substance use (β = 0.92, p < .01). Findings suggest that Hispanic culture was protective against substance use, however those effects differed depending on level of Americanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Madeline Y. Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Center for Family Studies, University of Miami
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
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15
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Villarreal YR, Torres LR, Stotts AL, Ren Y, Sampson M, Klawans MR, Bordnick PS. Depression in the barrio: An analysis of the risk and protective nature of cultural values among Mexican American substance users. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 18:150-164. [PMID: 28590812 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1316222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of cultural values on depression and how social networks influence these relationships may be important in the treatment of substance-using, Mexican American populations. Latino cultural values, familismo, personalismo, fatalismo, and machismo, may be associated with depression among Latinos. The current study identified the association of traditional Latino values on depressive symptomatology among a sample of Mexican American heroin injectors. A cross-sectional research design and field-intensive outreach methodology were utilized to recruit 227 Mexican American men. Participants were categorized into depressed and nondepressed groups. Relations among cultural values and depression were examined using logistic regression. Findings indicate that drug-using men with higher familismo and fatalismo scores are protected against depressive symptomatology. Relations between familismo and depression seem to be moderated by having a drug use network. In addition, findings reveal that age is inversely related to depressive symptomatology. Young Mexican American heroin users who do not ascribe to traditional Latino values may be highly associated with depression and therefore more vulnerable to riskier drug use behaviors. Moreover, drug-using social networks may affect the protective nature of certain cultural values. Further research is needed to identify whether culturally tailored treatments can cultivate these values while simultaneously undermining the effect of substance-using social networks in order to reduce depression symptoms among this group of high-risk substance users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda R Villarreal
- a McGovern Medical School , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas
| | - Luis R Torres
- b Graduate College of Social Work , University of Houston , Houston , Texas
| | - Angela L Stotts
- a McGovern Medical School , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas
| | - Yi Ren
- b Graduate College of Social Work , University of Houston , Houston , Texas
| | - Mcclain Sampson
- b Graduate College of Social Work , University of Houston , Houston , Texas
| | - Michelle R Klawans
- a McGovern Medical School , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas
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16
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Steinka-Fry KT, Tanner-Smith EE, Dakof GA, Henderson C. Culturally sensitive substance use treatment for racial/ethnic minority youth: A meta-analytic review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 75:22-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Flórez KR, Derose KP, Breslau J, Griffin BA, Haas AC, Kanouse DE, Stucky BD, Williams MV. Acculturation and Drug Use Stigma Among Latinos and African Americans: An Examination of a Church-Based Sample. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1607-14. [PMID: 25612923 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substance use patterns among Latinos likely reflect changes in attitudes resulting from acculturation, but little is known about Latinos' attitudes regarding drug addiction. We surveyed a church-based sample of Latinos and African Americans (N = 1,235) about attitudes toward drug addiction and socio-demographics. Linear regression models compared Latino subgroups with African-Americans. In adjusted models, Latinos had significantly higher drug addiction stigma scores compared to African Americans across all subgroups (US-born Latinos, β = 0.22, p < .05; foreign-born Latinos with high English proficiency, β = 0.30, p < .05; and foreign-born Latinos with low English proficiency, β = 0.49, p < .001). Additionally, Latinos with low English proficiency had significantly higher mean levels of drug use stigma compared Latinos with high proficiency (both foreign-born and US-born). In this church-affiliated sample, Latinos' drug addiction stigma decreases with acculturation, but remains higher among the most acculturated Latinos compared to African-Americans. These attitudes may pose a barrier to treatment for Latino drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Flórez
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Kathryn Pitkin Derose
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | | | | | | | - David E Kanouse
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | - Brian D Stucky
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | - Malcolm V Williams
- Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Martinez-Donate AP, Nobles J, Hovell MF, Rangel MG, Rhoads NM. Substance Use Across Different Phases of the Migration Process: A Survey of Mexican Migrants Flows. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1746-57. [PMID: 25595206 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the levels of substance use and changes across different migration stages, including pre-departure, travel, destination, and return, among Mexican migrants converging on the US-Mexico border. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tijuana, Mexico, between 2009 and 2010 among Mexican migrants returning from the US and those travelling from other Mexican regions. The overall prevalence of last 12-month at-risk drinking, illicit drug use, and current smoking, was 42.3, 17.7 and 31.4%, respectively. Compared to pre-departure migrants, males were at increased risk for illicit drug use at the destination and return stages. In contrast, females' alcohol consumption at the destination stage was lower than at pre-departure (p < 0.05). The level of smoking was stable across all stages for both genders. In the destination stage, undocumented migrants were more likely to use illicit drugs relative to their documented peers (p < 0.05). Binational interventions promoting substance use reduction are needed among this mobile population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 630 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Ana P Martinez-Donate
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 605 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Jenna Nobles
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4406 Sewell Social Sciences, 1180 Observatory Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Ct., Suite 230, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Maria Gudelia Rangel
- Departamento de Estudios de Poblacion, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Natalie M Rhoads
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 N. Walnut St., 632 WARF, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
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Gunn A, Guarino H. "Not human, dead already": Perceptions and experiences of drug-related stigma among opioid-using young adults from the former Soviet Union living in the U.S. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 38:63-72. [PMID: 27855325 PMCID: PMC5302021 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in the U.S. are engaging in opioid and injection drug use (IDU) in substantial numbers, paralleling nationwide trends. Yet opioid-using FSU immigrants face distinctive acculturation challenges, including perceived stigmatisation as drug users within their immigrant communities, which may exacerbate the negative health and psychosocial consequences of such use. METHODS This qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 26 FSU immigrant young adults (ages 18-29) living in New York City who reported opioid use in the past month and/or were currently in treatment for opioid use disorder. Interviews probed youths' drug use histories, immigration/acculturation experiences, family and peer relationships, and service utilisation. Interviews or focus groups were also conducted with 12 FSU mothers of opioid-using youth and 20 service providers familiar with the FSU population. In a content-based thematic analysis, verbatim transcripts were coded for salient themes. RESULTS All three participant groups emphasized that stigma towards drug users within the FSU community is pervasive and acute, in contrast to the cultural acceptance of heavy drinking, and is rooted in punitive Soviet-era drug policies, fostering widespread ignorance about drugs and addiction. Young adults and service providers reported instances in which anticipation of community stigmatisation deterred youth from accessing drug treatment and harm reduction services. Similarly, stigma contributed to parents' failure to recognize early signs of their children's opioid problems and their reluctance to seek drug treatment for their children until opioid use had become severe. Young adults described how drug-use stigma is frequently internalized, leading to shame and loss of self-esteem. CONCLUSION Findings indicate an urgent need for community-wide education about drugs within FSU immigrant communities, and suggest specific service modalities that may be less stigmatizing for youth, such as peer-delivered syringe exchange and harm reduction education, and technology-based interventions that can be accessed privately and discreetly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gunn
- Binghamton University, Department of Social Work, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13901, USA.
| | - Honoria Guarino
- National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. (NDRI), 71 W. 23rd St., 4th Fl., New York, NY 10010, USA
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20
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Kazemzadeh Y, Shokoohi M, Baneshi MR, Haghdoost AA. The Frequency of High-Risk Behaviors Among Iranian College Students Using Indirect Methods: Network Scale-Up and Crosswise Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2016; 5:e25130. [PMID: 27818962 PMCID: PMC5086407 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the direct questions usually underestimate the frequency of sensitive behaviors, indirect methods can be used to estimate the frequency of some risky behaviors such as illicit drug use, sexual behaviors especially where these behaviors are highly stigmatized. OBJECTIVES In the current study, we indirectly estimated the prevalence of some risky behaviors among college students using two indirect methods: network scale-up (NSU) and crosswise model (CM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Having recruited 563 students from one of Iran's major medical universities, the prevalence of opium and drug use, alcohol consumption, relationships with the opposite sex (RWOS),and extra/pre-marital sex (EPMS) were estimated using two indirect methods. RESULTS The estimated prevalence using the CM and NSU were alcohol consumption (16.8% vs. 8.1%), opium use (2.2% both), methamphetamine use (7.2% vs. 1.2%), taking tramadol without medical indications (14.8% vs. 4.8%), RWOS (42.3% vs. 31.9%), and EPMS (12.4% vs. 7.1%). CONCLUSIONS Lower estimations in the NSU method might be due to the transmission barrier, which means that students were not fully aware of the high-risk behaviors of their close friends. Nonetheless, it seems that these risky behaviors were more or less common among Iranian college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasan Kazemzadeh
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Shokoohi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Baneshi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Zapata Roblyer MI, Grzywacz JG, Cervantes RC, Merten MJ. Stress and Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use Among Latino Adolescents in Families with Undocumented Immigrants. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:475-487. [PMID: 26900317 PMCID: PMC4755304 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Families in which one or more members are undocumented immigrants experience unique hardships. Yet, little is known about stress and substance use among adolescents growing up in these families. The present study examined associations between two sources of adolescent stress (i.e., low parental involvement due to contextual constraints and family economic insecurity) and lifetime alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among adolescents in families with undocumented members. The sample was comprised of 102 adolescents (10-18 years old) and one of his or her parents. Participants responded a survey in English or Spanish. Adolescent lifetime use of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana was 51%, 32.4%, and 37.3%, respectively. Chi-Square analyses found no significant gender differences in lifetime substance use. Logistic regression models showed that adolescent stress due to hindered parental involvement increased the odds of both lifetime cigarette and marijuana use after controlling for gender, age, linguistic acculturation, familism, parental control, and negative peer affiliation. Being a girl increased the odds of lifetime alcohol use. Family economic stress was not associated with lifetime substance use. Results suggest that hindered parental involvement might be a stressor and a risk factor for cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents growing up in families with undocumented members. Because parents in these families are likely to be undocumented, policies that allow immigrants to apply for legal status could improve parents' working conditions and facilitate parental involvement; in turn, such policies could decrease the risk for adolescent substance use among children of Latino immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha I Zapata Roblyer
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Human Development and Family Science, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., MH 2403, Tulsa, OK 74106-0700
| | - Joseph G Grzywacz
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Tulsa, OK
| | | | - Michael J Merten
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Family Resilience, Tulsa, OK
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22
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Goldbach JT, Berger Cardoso J, Cervantes RC, Duan L. The relation between stress and alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2015; 29:960-8. [PMID: 26551265 PMCID: PMC4701595 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We explored the relation between 8 domains of Hispanic stress and alcohol use and frequency of use in a sample of Hispanic adolescents between 11 and 19 years old (N = 901). Independent t tests were used to compare means of domains of Hispanic stress between adolescents who reported alcohol use and those who reported no use. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was used to examine whether domains of Hispanic stress were related to alcohol use and whether the relation differed by gender and age. Multiple imputation was used to address missing data. In the analytic sample, 75.8% (n = 683) reported no use and 24.2% (n = 218) reported alcohol use during the previous 30 days. Higher mean Hispanic stress scores were observed among youths who reported alcohol use during the previous 30 days in 5 domains: acculturation gap, community and gang violence, family economic, discrimination, and family and drug-related stress. Increased community and gang violence, family and drug, and acculturative gap stress were found to be associated with some alcohol use categories beyond the effect of other domains. Few differences in the association between Hispanic stress and alcohol use by gender and age were observed. Study findings indicate that family and drug-related, community and gang violence, and acculturative gap stress domains are salient factors related to alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents, and their implications for prevention science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Duan
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California
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23
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Carlton-Smith AR, Skeer MR. Differences in Adolescent Substance Use by Hispanic Subgroup: What We Know and What We Need to Find out. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2015; 14:340-50. [PMID: 26213214 PMCID: PMC5576999 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2014.990073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in health outcomes on the basis of racial and/or ethnic group membership have been documented among Hispanics in the US. As this heterogeneous population continues to grow, so does the importance of understanding the subgroups within it and the possible effect that between-group variations may have on health outcomes. This article highlights a major limitation of the existing research: that the Hispanic population is almost exclusively lumped into one pan-ethnic category when examining substance use behaviors. However, there is evidence to suggest that differences in substance use behaviors exist between Hispanic subgroups, which may be important when designing prevention and intervention programs. While the majority of research in this arena has focused on adults, more research is required to understand subgroup differences in substance use behaviors among Hispanic youth. This article provides a synopsis of the research on U.S. Hispanic substance use behaviors, including how factors such as acculturation, nativity, and culture of origin can act as risk and protective factors. However, there is an insufficient amount of research looking at how the differences between Hispanic subgroups may interact with acculturation levels to increase or decrease risk factors associated with substance use. Therefore, the authors suggest that substance use researchers attempt to improve future study designs by asking standardized demographic questions of national origin and/or ethnic/subgroup identity and take this into account in their analyses. The collection of such specific data could then be used to develop more targeted prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margie R Skeer
- a Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts
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24
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Nieri T, Apkarian J, Kulis S, Marsiglia FF. Effects of a youth substance use prevention program on stealing, fighting, and weapon use. J Prim Prev 2015; 36:41-9. [PMID: 25352527 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-014-0373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a sample of sixth graders in 11 public schools in a large Southwestern city, this longitudinal study examined how a model substance use prevention program, keepin' it REAL, that was implemented in 7th grade, influenced three other problem behaviors (fighting, weapon use, stealing), measured in 8th grade. Using a non-equivalent control group design, we compared 259 students in the intervention to 322 students in a treatment-as-usual condition. At baseline, 37% of the sample reported fighting in the last 30 days; 31% reported stealing in the last 30 days, and 16% reported using a weapon in the last 30 days. Regression analyses adjusted for students nested in schools through multi-level modeling and for missing data through multiple imputation. We found that at posttest the rates of all three behaviors were lower in the intervention group than the control group at posttest: 35 versus 37% got into a fight in the last 30 days; 24 versus 31% stole something in the last 30 days; and 16 versus 25% used a weapon in the last 30 days. The program impact for fighting and stealing was not statistically significant and involved minimal effect sizes. The program impact for weapon use was not statistically significant but had an effect size comparable to that for other problem behavior interventions. Promoting positive development via life skills may be a key to broadening program impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Nieri
- Sociology Department, University of California, Riverside, Watkins 1216, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA,
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25
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Effect of immigration background and country-of-origin contextual factors on adolescent substance use in Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:124-34. [PMID: 26094187 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use among adolescents with recent immigrant background (ARIBs) are poorly understood. We aimed to assess these effects and identify the main mediating factors in Spain. METHODS Participants were 12,432 ARIBs (≥1 foreign-born parent) and 75,511 autochthonous adolescents from pooled 2006-2010 school surveys. Outcomes were prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants and sedative-hypnotics. ARIBs were classified by adolescent birthplace (Spain/abroad), whether they had mixed-parents (one Spanish-born and one foreign-born), and country-of-origin characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and percent change expressing disparities in risk were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Compared to autochthonous adolescents, foreign-born ARIBs without mixed-parents showed significant aPRs <1 for all substances, which generally approached 1 in Spanish-born ARIBs with mixed-parents. The main factors mediating ARIBs' lower risk were less frequent socialization in leisure environments and less association with peers who use such substances. ARIBs' lower risk depended more on country-of-origin characteristics and not having mixed-parents than being foreign-born. Tobacco, cannabis and stimulant use in ARIBs increased with increasing population use of these substances in the country-of-origin. ARIBs from the non-Muslim-regions had a lower risk of using alcohol and higher risk of using sedative-hypnotics than those from the Muslim-region. CONCLUSIONS Among ARIBs in Spain, parental transmission of norms and values could influence substance use as much as or more than exposure to the Spanish context. Future research should better assess effects of adolescent- and parental-birthplace and country-of-origin contextual factors on substance use.
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Sanchez M, De La Rosa M, Blackson TC, Sastre F, Rojas P, Li T, Dillon F. Pre- to postimmigration alcohol use trajectories among recent Latino immigrants. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 28:990-9. [PMID: 25243834 DOI: 10.1037/a0037807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The escalation of alcohol use among some Latino immigrant groups as their time in the United States increases has been well documented. Yet, little is known about the alcohol use behaviors of Latino immigrants before immigration. This prospective longitudinal study examines pre- to postimmigration alcohol use trajectories among a cohort of recent Latino immigrants. Retrospective preimmigration data were collected at baseline from a sample of 455 Cuban, South American, and Central American Latinos ages 18-34 who immigrated to the United States less than 1 year prior. Two follow-up assessments (12 months apart) reported on their postimmigration alcohol use in the past 90 days. We hypothesized (a) overall declines in pre- to postimmigration alcohol among recent Latino immigrants and (b) gender/documentation specific effects, with higher rates of alcohol use among males and undocumented participants compared to their female and documented counterparts. Growth curve analyses revealed males had higher levels of preimmigration alcohol use with steeper declines in postimmigration alcohol use compared to females. Declines in alcohol use frequency were observed for documented, but not undocumented males. No changes in pre- to postimmigration alcohol use were found for documented or undocumented females. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of pre- to postimmigration alcohol use patterns among Latinos in the United States. Future research is needed to identify social determinants associated with the alcohol use trajectories of recent Latino immigrants, as it may inform prediction, prevention, and treatment of problem-drinking behaviors among the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sanchez
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Timothy C Blackson
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Francisco Sastre
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Patria Rojas
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Tan Li
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
| | - Frank Dillon
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Florida International University
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27
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Rote SM, Brown RL. Gender differences in alcohol and drug use among Hispanic adults: the influence of family processes and acculturation. J Addict Dis 2014; 32:354-64. [PMID: 24325769 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2013.859452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examine the influence of family processes and acculturation for gender differences in alcohol and drug use among a sample representative of the Hispanic population in Miami-Dade County, Florida (N = 734). We found that (a) increases in age at marriage and acculturation were associated with greater substance use, (b) the associations between age at marriage, acculturation, and substance use were found to be greater for Hispanic women than men, and (c) with each additional child born, Hispanic women are increasingly less likely to use substances than Hispanic men. Data reveal that family processes and acculturation jointly impact substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunshine M Rote
- a Sealy Center on Aging , The University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , Texas , USA
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28
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Otiniano Verissimo AD, Grella CE, Amaro H, Gee GC. Discrimination and substance use disorders among Latinos: the role of gender, nativity, and ethnicity. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:1421-8. [PMID: 24922159 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders among a diverse sample of Latinos. We also investigated whether the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders varied by gender, nativity, and ethnicity. METHODS Our analyses focused on 6294 Latinos who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from 2004 to 2005. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between discrimination and substance use disorders. RESULTS Discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of alcohol and drug use disorders among Latinos. However, the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorders varied by gender, nativity, and ethnicity. Discrimination was associated with increased odds of alcohol and drug use disorders for certain groups, such as women, US-born Latinos, and Mexicans, but this relationship did not follow the same pattern for other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS It is important to determine which subgroups among Latinos may be particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of discrimination to address their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo
- Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo and Christine E. Grella are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles Integrated Substance Abuse Programs. Hortensia Amaro is with the Office of the Provost, School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Gilbert C. Gee is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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29
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D'Amico EJ, Tucker JS, Shih RA, Miles JNV. Does diversity matter? The need for longitudinal research on adolescent alcohol and drug use trajectories. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1069-73. [PMID: 24779507 PMCID: PMC4119610 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.862027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The existing research aimed at understanding alcohol and drug (AOD) use patterns from early to late adolescence typically does not examine samples with substantial racial and ethnic diversity. This is a critical research gap because studies have suggested that non-white adolescents often have worse health outcomes compared to white adolescents, even with less AOD use. In this paper, we discuss the need for future research on this topic, given demographic shifts in the racial and ethnic composition of the USA. We also outline how this research can provide information on what periods might be most relevant for each racial/ethnic group, and suggest measures that epidemiological studies on early substance use should assess to capture the underlying cultural, acculturation, psychosocial, and contextual factors that explain racial/ethnic differences in AOD trajectories.
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30
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Dillon FR, De La Rosa M, Sastre F, Ibañez G. Alcohol misuse among recent Latino immigrants: the protective role of preimmigration familismo. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 27:956-65. [PMID: 23276317 PMCID: PMC3872492 DOI: 10.1037/a0031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Familismo in the Latino culture is a value hallmarked by close relations with nuclear and extended family members throughout the life span, with pronounced levels of loyalty, reciprocity, and solidarity. Familismo is posited as health protective against alcohol misuse among Latinos in the United States. This study examines the relative influence of pre- and postimmigration familismo on alcohol use behaviors among recent Latino immigrants while accounting for myriad sociocultural factors (gender, age, documentation status, education, income, marital status, presence of family members in the United States, primary language used in the community, English language proficiency, and time in the United States). Participants included 405 young adults, aged 18 to 34 years, who were primarily of Cuban (50%), Columbian (19%), and Central American (15%) descent. Retrospective assessment of preimmigration familismo occurred during participants' first 12 months in the United States. Follow-up assessment of alcohol use behaviors occurred during participants' second year in the United States. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) path modeling was used to test study hypotheses. Inverse associations were determined between preimmigration familismo and alcohol use quantity and harmful/hazardous alcohol use. Men and participants who reported more proficiency in English, and those living in neighborhoods where English is predominantly spoken, indicated more alcohol use quantity and harmful/hazardous alcohol use. By considering both pre- and postimmigration determinants of alcohol use, findings offer a fuller contextual understanding of the lives of Latino young adult immigrants. Results support the importance of lifelong familismo as a buffer against alcohol misuse in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Dillon
- School of Social Work, Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- School of Social Work, Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University
| | - Francisco Sastre
- School of Social Work, Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University
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Dillon FR, De La Rosa M, Ibañez GE. Acculturative stress and diminishing family cohesion among recent Latino immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 15:484-91. [PMID: 22790880 PMCID: PMC3511910 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates a theorized link between Latino immigrants' experience of acculturative stress during their two initial years in the United States (US) and declines in family cohesion from pre- to post-immigration contexts. This retrospective cohort study included 405 adult participants. Baseline assessment occurred during participants' first 12 months in the US. Follow-up assessment occurred during participants' second year in the US. General linear mixed models were used to estimate change in family cohesion and sociocultural correlates of this change. Inverse associations were determined between acculturative stress during initial years in the US and declines in family cohesion from pre-immigration to post-immigration contexts. Participants with undocumented immigration status, those with lower education levels, and those without family in the US generally indicated lower family cohesion. Participants who experienced more acculturative stress and those without family in the US evidenced a greater decline in family cohesion. Results are promising in terms of implications for health services for recent Latino immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Dillon
- Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS & Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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32
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West JH, Blumberg EJ, Kelley NJ, Hill L, Sipan CL, Schmitz KE, Kolody B, Chambers CD, Friedman LS, Hovell MF. The Role of Parenting in Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Latino Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2013; 22:120-132. [PMID: 23439845 PMCID: PMC3579539 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.730359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parents can impact adolescent substance use, but it is unclear which substances are most affected. This study compared associations between parenting behaviors and alcohol and tobacco use to see if parenting was equally related to both behaviors. Alcohol and tobacco use data were collected from 252 Latino adolescents living along the San Diego-Tijuana border. Logistic regression was used to test parenting behaviors' impact. Parenting was protective against alcohol use, but not related to tobacco use. Substance using peers affected both alcohol and tobacco use. Alcohol prevention efforts among Latino adolescents should target parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H West
- Department of Health Science, Brigham Young University
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Telzer EH, Fuligni AJ, Lieberman MD, Galván A. Meaningful family relationships: neurocognitive buffers of adolescent risk taking. J Cogn Neurosci 2012; 25:374-87. [PMID: 23163412 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Discordant development of brain regions responsible for cognitive control and reward processing may render adolescents susceptible to risk taking. Identifying ways to reduce this neural imbalance during adolescence can have important implications for risk taking and associated health outcomes. Accordingly, we sought to examine how a key family relationship-family obligation-can reduce this vulnerability. Forty-eight adolescents underwent an fMRI scan during which they completed a risk-taking and cognitive control task. Results suggest that adolescents with greater family obligation values show decreased activation in the ventral striatum when receiving monetary rewards and increased dorsolateral PFC activation during behavioral inhibition. Reduced ventral striatum activation correlated with less real-life risk-taking behavior and enhanced dorsolateral PFC activation correlated with better decision-making skills. Thus, family obligation may decrease reward sensitivity and enhance cognitive control, thereby reducing risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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Guerrero EG, Cepeda A, Duan L, Kim T. Disparities in completion of substance abuse treatment among Latino subgroups in Los Angeles County, CA. Addict Behav 2012; 37:1162-6. [PMID: 22658303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A growing body of research has revealed disparities with respect to drug use patterns within Latino subgroups. However, the extent to which these potential disparities enable different Latino subgroups to respond favorably to treatment is unclear. METHODS This study analyzed a subset of multicross-sectional data (2006-2009) on Latinos collected from publicly funded facilities in Los Angeles County, CA (N=12,871). We used multilevel logistic regressions to examine individual and service-level factors associated with treatment completion among subgroups of first-time Latino treatment clients. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that Cubans and Puerto Ricans were less likely to complete treatment than Mexicans and other Latinos. Cubans and Puerto Ricans entered treatment at an older age and with higher formal education than Mexicans, yet they were more likely to report mental health issues and use of cocaine and heroin as primary drugs of choice respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, having mental health issues, reporting high use of drugs at intake, and use of methamphetamines and marijuana were associated with decreased odds of completing treatment among all Latino subgroups. In contrast, age at first drug use, treatment duration, and referral monitoring by the criminal system increased the odds of completing treatment for all members. CONCLUSION These findings have implications for targeting interventions for members of different Latinos groups during their first treatment episode. Promising individual and service factors associated with treatment completion can inform the design of culturally specific recovery models that can be evaluated in small-scale randomized pilot studies.
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35
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Ornelas IJ, Hong S. Gender differences in the relationship between discrimination and substance use disorder among Latinos. Subst Use Misuse 2012; 47:1349-58. [PMID: 22950437 PMCID: PMC3792013 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2012.716482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study collected in 2002-2003 (N = 2,554), we assessed the adjusted odds of lifetime substance use disorder (SUD) associated with report of both unfair treatment and racial/ethnic discrimination. Among men, SUD was increased for those reporting low, moderate, and high levels of unfair treatment compared to those reporting no unfair treatment and patterns were similar for racial/ethnic discrimination. Among women, only those reporting high levels of unfair treatment were at increased risk of lifetime SUD and no associations were observed between racial/ethnic discrimination and lifetime SUD. Future research should examine the role that discrimination plays in the development of substance misuse among Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- India J Ornelas
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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36
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Borges G, Rafful C, Benjet C, Tancredi DJ, Saito N, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Medina-Mora ME, Breslau J. Mexican immigration to the US and alcohol and drug use opportunities: does it make a difference in alcohol and/or drug use? Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 125 Suppl 1:S4-11. [PMID: 22658285 PMCID: PMC3435444 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican immigrants in the US do not have increased risk for alcohol use or alcohol use disorders when compared to Mexicans living in Mexico, but they are at higher risk for drug use and drug use disorders. It has been suggested that both availability and social norms are associated with these findings. We aimed to study whether the opportunity for alcohol and drug use, an indirect measure of substance availability, determines differences in first substance use among people of Mexican origin in both the US and Mexico, accounting for gender and age of immigration. METHODS Data come from nationally representative surveys in the United States (2001-2003) and Mexico (2001-2002) (combined n=3432). We used discrete time proportional hazards event history models to account for time-varying and time-invariant characteristics. The reference group was Mexicans living in Mexico without migration experience. RESULTS Female immigrants were at lower risk of having opportunities to use alcohol if they immigrated after the age of 13, but at higher risk if they immigrated prior to this age. Male immigrants showed no differences in opportunity to use alcohol or alcohol use after having the opportunity. Immigration was associated with having drugs opportunities for both sexes, with larger risk among females. Migration was also associated with greater risk of using drugs after having the opportunity, but only significantly for males. CONCLUSIONS The impacts of immigration on substance use opportunities are more important for drugs than alcohol. Public health messages and educational efforts should heed this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México Xochimilco No 101 - Col San Lorenzo Huipulco, México DF, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hser YI, Hunt SA, Evans E, Chang YJ, Messina NP. Hispanic parenting women in women-only versus mixed-gender drug treatment: a 10-year prospective study. Addict Behav 2012; 37:729-35. [PMID: 22398357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined Hispanic substance-using parenting women treated in women-only (WO; n=126) versus mixed-gender (MG; n=853) programs and associated outcomes assessed 10 years after admission. Relative to other races/ethnicities of women admitted to the set of 40 California treatment programs in 2000-2002, Hispanic women were underrepresented in WO programs. Compared to those in MG programs, Hispanic women in WO programs demonstrated more severe treatment needs, indicated by their greater severity in drug and alcohol use, health and mental health problems, and criminal justice involvement at admission. They also had fewer economic resources (15% WO vs. 23% MG were employed, p<.05; 48% vs. 37% on public assistance, p<.05). Data based on administrative records covering 3 years pre-admission and 8 years post-admission showed that Hispanic women treated in WO programs had higher mental health service utilization over 8 years post-treatment admission, though no differences were found in trajectories of arrests and incarceration. In sum, long-term outcomes (in terms of criminal justice involvement) among Hispanic women in WO treatment were comparable to those in the MG treatment, despite greater service needs at admission. WO programs were able to engage more Hispanic women in use of mental health services. Future research should focus on factors limiting Hispanic women's participation in WO programs, which could suggest ways for improvement so as to benefit all Hispanic women in need of these special services.
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38
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Robertson AM, Lozada R, Vera A, Palinkas LA, Burgos JL, Magis-Rodriguez C, Rangel G, Ojeda VD. Deportation experiences of women who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2012; 22:499-510. [PMID: 21917563 PMCID: PMC3556510 DOI: 10.1177/1049732311422238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Deportation from the United States for drug offenses is common, yet the consequences of deportation for women drug users are poorly documented. In 2008, in Tijuana, Mexico, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study of migration, deportation, and drug abuse by interviewing 12 Mexican injection-drug-using women reporting U.S. deportation. Women reported heavy drug use before and after deportation, but greater financial instability and physical danger following deportation than when in the United States. We identified an unmet need for health and social services among deported drug-using women, including HIV prevention, drug treatment, physical and mental health services, and vocational training. Binational coordination is needed to help deported women resettle in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicia Vera
- University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Magis-Rodriguez
- Research Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS Program of Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gudelia Rangel
- College of the Northern Border, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
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Kulis SS, Marsiglia FF, Kopak AM, Olmsted ME, Crossman A. Ethnic Identity and Substance Use Among Mexican-Heritage Preadolescents: Moderator Effects of Gender and Time in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2012; 32:165-199. [PMID: 22790485 PMCID: PMC3392121 DOI: 10.1177/0272431610384484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined interactive relationships among ethnic identity, gender, time in the US, and changes in substance use outcomes among a school-based sample of 1,731 Mexican-heritage preadolescents (ages 9-13). Residual change multilevel models adjusting for school clustering and using multiply imputed data assessed changes from beginning to end of fifth grade in use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and inhalants, and four substance use antecedents. Effects of ethnic identity were conditional on time in the US, and in opposite directions by gender. Among males living longer in the US, stronger ethnic identity predicted desirable changes in all but one outcome (substance offers). Among females living longer in the US, stronger ethnic identity predicted undesirable changes in alcohol use, pro-drug norms, and peer substance use. Interpretations focus on differential exposure to substance use opportunities and the erosion of traditional gender role socialization among Mexican-heritage youth having lived longer in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert M. Kopak
- Arizona State University, Phoenix
- Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC
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40
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Wu LT, Woody GE, Yang C, Pan JJ, Blazer DG. Racial/ethnic variations in substance-related disorders among adolescents in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:1176-85. [PMID: 22065533 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT While young racial/ethnic groups are the fastest growing population in the United States, data about substance-related disorders among adolescents of various racial/ethnic backgrounds are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the magnitude of past-year DSM-IV substance-related disorders (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, analgesic opioids, stimulants, sedatives, and tranquilizers) among adolescents of white, Hispanic, African American, Native American, Asian or Pacific Islander, and multiple race/ethnicity. DESIGN The 2005 to 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. SETTING Academic research. PARTICIPANTS Noninstitutionalized household adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Substance-related disorders were assessed by standardized survey questions administered using the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing method. RESULTS Of 72 561 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, 37.0% used alcohol or drugs in the past year; 7.9% met criteria for a substance-related disorder, with Native Americans having the highest prevalence of use (47.5%) and disorder (15.0%). Analgesic opioids were the second most commonly used illegal drugs, following marijuana, in all racial/ethnic groups; analgesic opioid use was comparatively prevalent among adolescents of Native American (9.7%) and multiple race/ethnicity (8.8%). Among 27 705 past-year alcohol or drug users, Native Americans (31.5%), adolescents of multiple race/ethnicity (25.2%), adolescents of white race/ethnicity (22.9%), and Hispanics (21.0%) had the highest rates of substance-related disorders. Adolescents used marijuana more frequently than alcohol or other drugs, and 25.9% of marijuana users met criteria for marijuana abuse or dependence. After controlling for adolescents' age, socioeconomic variables, population density of residence, self-rated health, and survey year, adjusted analyses of adolescent substance users indicated elevated odds of substance-related disorders among Native Americans, adolescents of multiple race/ethnicity, adolescents of white race/ethnicity, and Hispanics compared with African Americans; African Americans did not differ from Asians or Pacific Islanders. CONCLUSIONS Substance use is widespread among adolescents of Native American, white, Hispanic, and multiple race/ethnicity. These groups also are disproportionately affected by substance-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzy Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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41
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McCabe CT, Woodruff SI, Zúñiga ML. Sociodemographic and substance use correlates of tobacco use in a large, multi-ethnic sample of emergency department patients. Addict Behav 2011; 36:899-905. [PMID: 21561718 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests marked disparities among ethnic minorities in relation to tobacco use. To date, a majority of the data available discusses tobacco use in the general population. Using a sample of Latino, non-Latino Black (NLB), and non-Latino White (NLW) patients presenting to the emergency departments, the present study examined sociodemographic and substance use correlates of past 3-month tobacco use. Over 48,000 patients were interviewed as part of a screening and brief intervention program in southern California. Overall, although NLB adults reported the greatest prevalence of tobacco use compared to NLWs and Latinos (43% vs. 34% and 22% respectively), associations between tobacco use, demographics and substance use were similar across groups. Males, younger individuals, those with lower income, and being at higher risk for alcohol and drug use were more likely to report recent tobacco use. Future tobacco interventions in emergency settings should highlight these specific risk factors for Latinos, NLBs, and NLWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron T McCabe
- Center for Alcohol and Drug Studies, San Diego, CA 92120, United States.
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42
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Borges G, Breslau J, Orozco R, Tancredi DJ, Anderson H, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Mora MEM. A cross-national study on Mexico-US migration, substance use and substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 117:16-23. [PMID: 21296509 PMCID: PMC3110586 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic research has consistently found lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders among Hispanic immigrants to the US than among US-born Hispanics. Recent research has begun to examine how this change occurs in the process of assimilation in the US. We aimed to study immigration, US nativity, and return migration as risk factors for alcohol and drug use among people of Mexican origin in both the US and Mexico. METHODS Data come from nationally representative surveys in the United States (2001-2003; n=1208) and Mexico (2001-2002; n=5782). We used discrete time event history models to account for time-varying and time-invariant characteristics. RESULTS We found no evidence that current Mexican immigrants in the US have higher risk for alcohol or alcohol use disorders than Mexicans living in Mexico, but current immigrants were at higher risk for drug use and drug use disorders. Current Mexican immigrants were at lower risk for drug use and drug disorders than US-born Mexican-Americans. US nativity, regardless of parent nativity, is the main factor associated with increasing use of alcohol and drugs. Among families of migrants and among return migrants we found increased risk for alcohol use, drug use and alcohol and drug use disorders. Evidence of selective migration and return of immigrants with disorders was found regarding alcohol use disorders only. CONCLUSIONS Research efforts that combine populations from sending and receiving countries are needed. This effort will require much more complex research designs that will call for true international collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101-Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, México DF, CP 14370 Mexico City, Mexico.
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West JH, Blumberg EJ, Kelley NJ, Hill L, Sipan CL, Schmitz K, Kolody B, Madlensky L, Hovell MF. Latino parenting practices: a comparison of parent and child reports of parenting practices and the association with gateway drug use. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2011; 10:71-89. [PMID: 21409705 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2011.547800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parent and adolescent self-reports are the most common sources for measuring parenting practices. This study's purpose was to compare how parent and adolescent reports of parenting behaviors differentially predict adolescent gateway drug use. The sample consisted of 252 Latino adolescent-parent dyads. After controlling for potential confounding influences, only adolescents' reports about their parents' parenting behaviors were significant and explained 38% of the variance in gateway drug use. Practitioners may recommend to parents seeking parenting advice that they solicit feedback from their adolescent to ensure parenting efforts are received in the manner they were intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H West
- Department of Health Science, BrighamYoung University, UT 84602, USA.
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44
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Informal discussions in substance abuse treatment sessions with Spanish-speaking clients. J Subst Abuse Treat 2011; 39:353-63. [PMID: 20817381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the extent to which bilingual counselors initiated informal discussions about topics that were unrelated to the treatment of their monolingual Spanish-speaking Hispanic clients in a National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trial Network protocol examining the effectiveness of motivational enhancement therapy (MET). Session audiotapes were independently rated to assess counselor treatment fidelity and the incidence of informal discussions. Eighty-three percent of the 23 counselors participating in the trial initiated informal discussions at least once in one or more of their sessions. Counselors delivering MET in the trial initiated informal discussion significantly less often than the counselors delivering standard treatment. Counselors delivering standard treatment were likely to talk informally the most when they were ethnically non-Latin. In addition, informal discussion was found to have significant inverse correlations with client motivation to reduce substance use and client retention in treatment. These results suggest that informal discussion may have adverse consequences on Hispanic clients' motivation for change and substance abuse treatment outcomes and that maintaining a more formal relationship in early treatment sessions may work best with Hispanic clients. Careful counselor training and supervision in MET may suppress the tendency of counselors to talk informally in sessions.
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45
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Soto C, Unger JB, Ritt-Olson A, Soto DW, Black DS, Baezconde-Garbanati L. Cultural values associated with substance use among Hispanic adolescents in southern California. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:1223-33. [PMID: 21491991 PMCID: PMC3703317 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.567366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cultural values can shape people's attitudes toward substance use and influence their risk of experimentation with drugs. This article examines the relationships between cultural values (familism, respeto, and machismo), fatalism (a culturally encouraged personality disposition), and substance use among Hispanic adolescents. In 2005, cross-sectional data were collected from 1,616 Hispanic ninth grade students in Los Angeles. Each cultural value was associated with lifetime substance use; however, these relationships depended on the type of substance and gender. Our findings suggest that it might be useful to incorporate the cultural values and address the personality trait of fatalism in prevention programs for Hispanic adolescents. The study's limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claradina Soto
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Alhambra, California 91803, USA.
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Valdez A, Cepeda A, Negi NJ, Kaplan C. Fumando la piedra: emerging patterns of crack use among Latino immigrant day laborers in New Orleans. J Immigr Minor Health 2010; 12:737-42. [PMID: 19924538 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-009-9300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina have contributed to a dynamic demographic shift in the Latino composition of New Orleans. This article focuses on a particularly deleterious pattern of crack cocaine smoking associated with numerous social and health consequences. Utilizing a rapid assessment methodology, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 52 Latino immigrant day laborers in New Orleans. Findings reveal that the presence of a flourishing drug market has facilitated and maintained patterns of crack use including initiation and periods of daily use. Moreover, feelings of isolation and constant exposure to victimization due to day laborers' marginal status are described as contributing to this use. This qualitative analysis reveals how social processes and contextual factors contribute to crack use among Latino day laborers in a post-disaster context. This study has important public health implications in the spread of HIV and other blood borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelardo Valdez
- Center for Drug and Social Policy Research, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work Building, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA.
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47
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Currell CK, Jeglic EL. An examination of alcohol and drug use among urban college students. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14659890903110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Marsiglia FF, Peña V, Nieri T, Nagoshi JL. Real Groups: The Design and Immediate Effects of a Prevention Intervention for Latino Children. SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS 2010; 33:103-121. [PMID: 20640232 DOI: 10.1080/01609510903366202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development and immediate effects of a small-group intervention designed to complement a school-based prevention program for children and youth. The REAL Groups intervention is the result of a partnership with predominately Mexican American schools located in the central city neighborhoods of a southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. The group members (N = 115) were fifth graders from six central city schools. Group members were identified and referred by their teachers as in need of additional support beyond the keepin'it REAL classroom-based substance abuse prevention intervention, or they were invited by the referred students. The REAL Groups followed a mutual aid approach, and Masters in Social Work student interns trained in the REAL Groups intervention served as the group facilitators. This article describes the small-group intervention and provides an initial report on the results by comparing the small-group members (n = 115) with Mexican-heritage classmates (n = 306) who only received the classroom-based keepin' it REAL prevention intervention. This is a feasibility study in preparation for the follow-up study with seventh graders. As expected due to the low drug-use rates reported by fifth-grade participants, the effectiveness results were inconclusive. The immediate findings, however, provide important information about the design and evaluation of culturally specific group interventions with acculturating children. The article provides important methodological and practice implications for small-group school-based interventions as well as recommendations for future research.
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Kinsler JJ, Lee SJ, Sayles JN, Newman PA, Diamant A, Cunningham W. The impact of acculturation on utilization of HIV prevention services and access to care among an at-risk Hispanic population. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2010; 20:996-1011. [PMID: 20168013 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.0.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects Hispanics in the United States, a diverse and heterogeneous population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of acculturation with HIV and hepatitis C testing, and access to care among Hispanics at risk for HIV. METHODS We recruited 600 Hispanics from STD clinics, community-based organizations, and needle exchange programs in Los Angeles County. RESULTS Low levels of acculturation were significantly associated with having fewer HIV tests (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.24, 3.15), no hepatitis C tests (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.77, 3.84), testing positive for HIV (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.04, 6.83), and low levels of access to care (beta=0.06; p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of acculturation are an important barrier to the use of HIV-related health care services. Our findings may inform the development of effective interventions that address the cultural and behavioral differences among Hispanic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni J Kinsler
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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De La Rosa M, Dillon FR, Ganapati NE, Rojas P, Pinto E, Prado G. Mother-Daughter Attachment and Drug Abuse among Latinas in the United States. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/002204261004000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the risks and protective processes influencing substance use behaviors of adult Latinos have been increasingly examined in the literature, substance abuse among adult Latinas remains a relatively understudied area. This study examined associations between mother-daughter attachment and substance abuse among 158 Latina mothers and their adult daughters (N = 316). Dyads of mothers and daughters were categorized into four groups: (a) mother/daughter both drug or alcohol abusers (Dyad 1), (b) mother abuser and daughter non-abuser (Dyad 2), (c) mother non-abuser and daughter abuser (Dyad 3), and (d) mother/daughter both non-abusers (Dyad 4). Dyad 1 participants reported lower levels of attachment to each other than all other types of dyads. Participants born in the U.S. reported more substance abuse than their non-U.S. born counterparts. Future longitudinal research is recommended to determine the presence of a mother-daughter attachment threshold that, if established early and maintained, may act as a protective mechanism against the intergenerational co-occurrence of substance abuse among adult Latinas.
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