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Mori R, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Otsuki N, Matsumura Y, Nakamura Y, Li Q, Sakaguchi Y, Matsui I, Mizui M, Shinomiya H, Ishibashi C, Nakanishi K, Kanayama D, Nagatomo I. Breakfast Frequency and Smoking Initiation in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2361. [PMID: 39064804 PMCID: PMC11279614 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking causes various health problems. Limited studies have reported a clinical effect of skipping breakfast on smoking initiation among adolescents. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the dose-dependent association between skipping breakfast and smoking initiation in university students. This study included 17,493 male and 8880 female students aged 18-22 years at a national university in Japan. The association between breakfast frequency (eating every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually) and smoking initiation was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. Smoking initiation was observed in 2027 (11.6%) male and 197 (2.2%) female students over the median observational period of 3.0 and 3.1 years. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with smoking initiation in a dose-dependent fashion in male students (the adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of eating breakfast every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually: 1.00 [reference], 1.30 [1.15, 1.46], 1.47 [1.21, 1.79], and 1.77 [1.40, 2.25], respectively). Female students skipping breakfast occasionally and often were more vulnerable to smoking initiation than those who ate breakfast every day (1.00 [reference], 1.86 [1.24, 2.78], 2.97 [1.66, 5.32], and 1.76 [0.55, 5.64], respectively). Breakfast frequency may be useful to identify university students at risk of smoking initiation who need improvement in their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Mori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
- Division of Nursing, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maki Shinzawa
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Naoko Otsuki
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Matsumura
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Qinyan Li
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Haruki Shinomiya
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Kaori Nakanishi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Daisuke Kanayama
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
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2
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van Amsterdam J, van den Brink W. The effect of alcohol use on smoking cessation: A systematic review. Alcohol 2023; 109:13-22. [PMID: 36690220 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Only a small minority of all attempts to stop smoking are successful, especially among smokers who are heavy drinkers and those with an alcohol use disorder. The current systematic review focuses on the negative effects of alcohol use, either before or during attempts to quit smoking, on the success rate of these attempt(s) in alcohol-drinking tobacco smokers. We conducted a systematic review of naturalistic and experimental studies, which included at least 40 tobacco smokers with a recorded drinking status (non-drinking, heavy drinking, alcohol use disorder) and a clearly documented change in alcohol consumption. We could not conduct a meta-analysis and, thus, used consistency across studies to draw conclusions. The evidence presented here shows that alcohol use is associated with lower rates of success in quitting smoking in 20 out of 27 studies. This includes both lapses and relapses. Similarly, in 19 out of 20 long-term follow-up studies, the duration of smoking abstinence was shorter among persons with higher alcohol consumption. Finally, 12 out of 13 experimental studies showed that exposure of smokers to alcohol cues or to drinking of alcohol induce a strong propensity to smoke. It is, therefore, recommended for smokers who drink alcohol and who intend to quit smoking to use an integrated approach, i.e., to stop or substantially reduce their alcohol consumption before and/or during their attempt to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van Amsterdam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Bloom EL, Bogart A, Dubowitz T, Collins RL, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Gary-Webb TL, Troxel W. Longitudinal Associations Between Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use, Eating Behavior, Perceived Stress, and Self-Rated Health in a Cohort of Low-Income Black Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:112-124. [PMID: 33970236 PMCID: PMC8691395 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black adults in the U.S. experience significant health disparities related to tobacco use and obesity. Conducting observational studies of the associations between smoking and other health behaviors and indicators among Black adults may contribute to the development of tailored interventions. PURPOSE We examined associations between change in cigarette smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health in a cohort of Black adults who resided in low-income urban neighborhoods and participated in an ongoing longitudinal study. METHODS Interviews were conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2018; participants (N = 904) provided at least two waves of data. We fit linear and logistic mixed-effects models to evaluate how changes in smoking status from the previous wave to the subsequent wave were related to each outcome at that subsequent wave. RESULTS Compared to repeated smoking (smoking at previous and subsequent wave), repeated nonsmoking (nonsmoking at previous and subsequent wave) was associated with greater likelihood of recent dieting (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007) and future intention (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p < .001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) to eat low calorie foods, and greater odds of excellent or very good self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p < .001). Transitioning from smoking to nonsmoking was associated with greater self-efficacy to eat low calorie foods (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021), and lower perceived stress (β = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.34, -0.05], p = .036). CONCLUSIONS We found significant longitudinal associations between smoking behavior and eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health. These findings have implications for the development of multiple behavior change programs and community-level interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tiffany L Gary-Webb
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Kahler CW, Cohn AM, Costantino C, Toll BA, Spillane NS, Graham AL. A Digital Smoking Cessation Program for Heavy Drinkers: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e7570. [PMID: 32348286 PMCID: PMC7308890 DOI: 10.2196/formative.7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heavy drinking (HD) is far more common among smokers compared with nonsmokers and interferes with successful smoking cessation. Alcohol-focused smoking cessation interventions delivered by counselors have shown promise, but digital versions of these interventions—which could have far greater population reach—have not yet been tested. Objective This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effect sizes of an automated digital smoking cessation program that specifically addresses HD using an interactive web-based intervention with an optional text messaging component. Methods Participants (83/119, 69.7% female; 98/119, 82.4% white; mean age 38.0 years) were daily smokers recruited on the web from a free automated digital smoking cessation program (BecomeAnEX.org, EX) who met the criteria for HD: women drinking 8+ drinks/week or 4+ drinks on any day and men drinking 15+ drinks/week or 5+ drinks on any day. Participants were randomized to receive EX with standard content (EX-S) or an EX with additional content specific to HD (EX-HD). Outcomes were assessed by web-based surveys at 1 and 6 months. Results Participants reported high satisfaction with the website and the optional text messaging component. Total engagement with both EX-S and EX-HD was modest, with participants visiting the website a median of 2 times, and 52.9% of the participants enrolled to receive text messages. Participants in both the conditions showed substantial, significant reductions in drinking across 6 months of follow-up, with no condition effects observed. Although smoking outcomes tended to favor EX-HD, the condition effects were small and nonsignificant. A significantly smaller proportion of participants in EX-HD reported having a lapse back to smoking when drinking alcohol (7/58, 16%) compared with those in EX-S (18/61, 41%; χ21=6.2; P=.01). Conclusions This is the first trial to examine a digital smoking cessation program tailored to HD smokers. The results provide some initial evidence that delivering such a program is feasible and may reduce the risk of alcohol-involved smoking lapses. However, increasing engagement in this and other web-based interventions is a crucial challenge to address in future work. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03068611; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03068611
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Amy M Cohn
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Benjamin A Toll
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, South Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Amanda L Graham
- Innovations Center, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
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5
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Bellos S, Petrikis P, Malliori M, Mavreas V, Skapinakis P. Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders and Their Association with Sociodemographic Determinants and Depression/Anxiety Disorders in a Representative Sample of the Greek General Population. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2020; 2020:4841050. [PMID: 32095485 PMCID: PMC7035575 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4841050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Country-level epidemiological data about alcohol-related problems is useful for planning prevention and treatment services. Heavy Alcohol Consumption (HAC) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are two syndromes of alcohol-related problems that have been recognized worldwide. Study of the epidemiological determinants of HAC and AUD in different sociocultural contexts could inform hypotheses about the etiology or the consequences of alcohol-related problems. OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence and associations of HAC and AUD with sociodemographic variables adjusting for common mental disorders in a representative sample of the general population of Greece (N = 4894 participants). The period of data collection just preceded the emergence of the financial crisis in Greece. RESULTS The majority of the population did not report HAC, AUD or abstinence from alcohol. HAC was reported by 12.7% (95% CI: 11.8-13.6) of the population while 3.1% (95% CI: 2.7-3.6) met criteria for AUD. Younger age, divorce, lower educational level, living in an urban area, physical health problems, and smoking were associated with a higher prevalence of both conditions. Presence of severe financial difficulties and never married family status were associated with a higher prevalence of HAC but not AUD. HAC was associated with nonspecific psychiatric morbidity while AUD was associated with more specific psychiatric disorders. Conclusion/Importance. Both alcohol-related problems are frequent in the general population and have common and distinct determinants. The comparison between the findings of our study and those of similar studies during or after the period of financial austerity in Greece, would offer the opportunity to assess the possible effects of changes in the economical context in the determinants of alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Bellos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petros Petrikis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Meni Malliori
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Venetsanos Mavreas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petros Skapinakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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6
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Ashford RD, Curtis BL. Commentary on Cohn and Colleagues: Discussions of Alcohol Use in an Online Social Network for Smoking Cessation: Analysis of Topics, Sentiment, and Social Network Centrality (ACER, 2019). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:401-404. [PMID: 30589438 PMCID: PMC10765966 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Ashford
- Substance Use Disorders Institute , University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brenda L Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry , Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Pakovic L, Todorovic J, Santric-Milicevic M, Bukumiric D, Terzic-Supic Z. The association between social characteristics, alcoholic beverage preferences, and binge drinking in a Serbian adult population. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:36-50. [PMID: 32934548 PMCID: PMC7434169 DOI: 10.1177/1455072518803281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the association of sociodemographic characteristics and type of alcoholic beverage consumed during binge drinking in Serbia. Method We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2014 national survey on Serbian lifestyles focusing on substance abuse and gambling. The sample consisted of 5385 individuals. The respondents were divided into non-binge drinkers and binge drinkers, according to the quantity of alcohol consumed during one occasion. Binge drinkers reported consuming more than 60 g of pure alcohol (7.5 units of alcohol) during one occasion at least once during the previous year. Results The prevalence of binge drinking in the past year among 2676 female and 2709 male participants aged 18-64 years was 28.4%. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that binge drinkers were more likely to be male (95% CI 3.58-4.94), single (95% CI 1.01-1.53), to be former (95% CI 1.06-1.62) or current smokers (95% CI 1.57-2.19), and to consume more than one type of alcoholic beverage (95% CI 2.04-3.44). There was a negative association of binge drinking with age (95% CI 0.98-0.99), living outside Northern Serbia-Vojvodina region, and drinking only spirits (95% CI 0.39-0.93). Conclusion Focusing on the positive association of sociodemographic factors and binge drinking could help policy makers create public health interventions against alcohol misuse. These interventions should be directed to males, smokers, and those who consume more than one type of alcoholic beverage.
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8
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Paulus DJ, Gallagher MW, Raines AM, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Intraindividual change in anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use severity 12-months following smoking cessation treatment. Behav Res Ther 2019; 116:10-18. [PMID: 30731131 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although past work has documented reduction in alcohol use severity among smokers following smoking cessation treatment, little is known regarding factors associated with this reduction. The current study sought to examine relations between trajectories of change in anxiety sensitivity and non-targeted alcohol use severity from baseline to one year following smoking cessation treatment. Individuals (n = 386) were adult daily smokers engaged in a smoking cessation treatment study. Measures of alcohol use severity and anxiety sensitivity were collected at baseline as well as 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-treatment. Latent growth curve modelling was used to estimate intercepts and slopes. Anxiety sensitivity (M = -0.87 95% CI [-1.19, -0.54], p < 0.001) and alcohol use severity (M = -0.22 95% CI [-0.38, -0.06], p = 0.006) each significantly reduced over time. Reductions in anxiety sensitivity were strongly associated with reductions in alcohol use over time (r = 0.63, 95% CI [0.18, 1.09], p = 0.006). Changes in anxiety sensitivity positively correlated with changes in alcohol use severity. Examinations of means suggest that anxiety sensitivity reduced earlier whereas alcohol use severity reduced later in the follow-up period. If replicated establishing temporal precedence of change, these results could implicate anxiety sensitivity reduction as one avenue towards reduced alcohol use severity, among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Matthew W Gallagher
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, USA; University of Houston, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda M Raines
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX, USA; Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Cohn AM, Amato MS, Zhao K, Wang X, Cha S, Pearson JL, Papandonatos GD, Graham AL. Discussions of Alcohol Use in an Online Social Network for Smoking Cessation: Analysis of Topics, Sentiment, and Social Network Centrality. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:108-114. [PMID: 30326140 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few Internet smoking cessation programs specifically address the impact of alcohol use during a quit attempt, despite its common role in relapse. This study used topic modeling to describe the most prevalent topics about alcohol in an online smoking cessation community, the prevalence of negative sentiment expressed about alcohol use in the context of a quit attempt (i.e., alcohol should be limited or avoided during a quit attempt) within topics, and the degree to which topics differed by user social connectivity within the network. METHODS Data were analyzed from posts from the online community of a larger Internet cessation program, spanning January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2015 and included records of 814,258 online posts. Posts containing alcohol-related content (n = 7,199) were coded via supervised machine learning text classification to determine whether the post expressed negative sentiment about drinking in the context of a quit attempt. Correlated topic modeling (CTM) was used to identify a set of 10 topics of at least 1% prevalence based on the frequency of word occurrences among alcohol-related posts; the distribution of negative sentiment and user social network connectivity was examined across the most salient topics. RESULTS Three salient topics (with prevalence ≥10%) emerged from the CTM, with distinct themes of (i) cravings and temptations; (ii) parallel between nicotine addiction and alcoholism; and (iii) celebratory discussions of quit milestones including "virtual" alcohol use and toasts. Most topics skewed toward nonnegative sentiment about alcohol. The prevalence of each topic differed by users' social connectivity in the network. CONCLUSIONS Future work should examine whether outcomes in Internet interventions are improved by tailoring social network content to match user characteristics, topics, and network behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Cohn
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, Virginia.,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael S Amato
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kang Zhao
- Department of Management Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Information, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Cha
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Amanda L Graham
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
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10
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Cohn AM. Never, non-daily, and daily smoking status and progression to daily cigarette smoking as correlates of major depressive episode in a national sample of youth: Results from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2013 to 2015. Addict Behav 2018; 84:118-125. [PMID: 29684762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with depression, and new initiates who progress more quickly to daily smoking may be at enhanced risk. In a nationally representative sample of youth, this study examined the association between daily, non-daily, and never smoking with past-year and lifetime major depressive episode (MDE) and, among daily smokers, whether faster progression to daily smoking was associated with increased MDE risk. METHODS Data were from n = 44,921 youth aged 12-17 in the 2013-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Weighted adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status (daily, non-daily, never) with lifetime and past-year MDE, and the association between progression from cigarette trial to daily smoking with MDE outcomes among daily smokers. RESULTS Daily and non-daily smokers had similar rates of lifetime and past-year MDE; rates of MDE were approximately 50% lower among never smokers. Compared to never smokers, adjusted models showed that non-daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year and lifetime MDE, while daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year but not lifetime MDE. Daily smoking youth who progressed more quickly from cigarette trial to daily use had an increased risk of both lifetime and past-year MDE. CONCLUSIONS Prevention programs should target factors associated with the shift from cigarette experimentation to regular use to curb deleterious consequences of use.
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11
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Peters EN, Herrmann ES, Cohn AM, Coleman-Cowger VH, Smith C, Koszowski B, Pickworth WB. How Will Alcohol Research be Impacted by Future Reduction in Nicotine Content in Cigarettes? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2090-2093. [PMID: 30103287 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy M Cohn
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, Virginia.,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Colombia
| | | | - Carson Smith
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Masaoka H, Gallus S, Ito H, Watanabe M, Yokomizo A, Eto M, Matsuo K. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphism Is a Predictor of Smoking Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1087-1094. [PMID: 27986911 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Smoking cessation has been known to be associated with drinking behaviors, which are influenced by polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, rs671) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) polymorphisms together with drinking behaviors on smoking cessation. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1137 former smokers and 1775 current smokers without any cancer at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between 2001 and 2005. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successful smoking cessation by comparing former smokers (quitters) with current smokers (non-quitters). Results Older age, lower amount of cumulative smoking exposure, lower number of cigarettes per day, younger age of smoking initiation, shorter smoking duration, longer time to first cigarette in the morning, and lower amount of drinking among ever drinkers were predictors of smoking cessation. After careful adjustment for age, sex, smoking patterns, and drinking status, the ORs for smoking cessation among subjects with ALDH2 Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys were 1.02 (95% CI 0.84-1.23) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.23-2.58) compared with those with ALDH2 Glu/Glu, respectively Mediation analyses confirmed that the effect of ALDH2 Lys/Lys on smoking cessation was independent by dinking behaviors. No statistically significant association between ADH1B polymorphism and smoking cessation was observed. Conclusions In our Japanese population, ALDH2 polymorphism predicts smoking cessation, independent by drinking behaviors. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation by ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful in Asian populations. Implications We newly show that subjects with ALDH2 Lys/Lys genotype in a functional polymorphism, rs671, are more likely to quit smoking than those with ALDH2 Glu allele in a Japanese population. Our finding suggests that ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful for promoting smoking cessation in those specific populations as East Asian ones with frequent ALDH2 Lys allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Masaoka
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Bensley KM, McGinnis KA, Fiellin DA, Gordon AJ, Kraemer KL, Bryant KJ, Edelman EJ, Crystal S, Gaither JR, Korthuis PT, Marshall BDL, Ornelas IJ, Chan KCG, Dombrowski JC, Fortney JC, Justice AC, Williams EC. Racial/ethnic differences in the association between alcohol use and mortality among men living with HIV. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2018; 13:2. [PMID: 29353555 PMCID: PMC6389249 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-017-0103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing alcohol use is associated with increased risk of mortality among patients living with HIV (PLWH). This association varies by race/ethnicity among general outpatients, but racial/ethnic variation has not been investigated among PLWH, among whom racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented. METHODS VA electronic health record data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (2008-2012) were used to describe and compare mortality rates across race/ethnicity and levels of alcohol use defined by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire. Within each racial/ethnic group, Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, disease severity, and comorbidities, compared mortality risk for moderate-risk (AUDIT-C = 4-7) and high-risk (AUDIT-C ≥ 8) relative to lower-risk (AUDIT-C = 1-3) alcohol use. RESULTS Mean follow-up time among black (n = 8518), Hispanic (n = 1353), and white (n = 7368) male PLWH with documented AUDIT-C screening (n = 17,239) was 4.3 years. Black PLWH had the highest mortality rate among patients reporting lower-risk alcohol use (2.9/100 person-years) relative to Hispanic and white PLWH (1.8 and 2.3, respectively) (p value for overall comparison = 0.011). Mortality risk was increased for patients reporting high-risk relative to lower-risk alcohol use in all racial/ethnic groups [black adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.66; Hispanic AHR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.30-3.64; and white AHR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.61-2.58]. For only white PLWH, mortality risk was increased for patients reporting moderate-relative to lower-risk alcohol use (black AHR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.93-1.27; Hispanic AHR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.89-2.09; white AHR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.77). CONCLUSION Among all PLWH, mortality risk was increased among patients reporting high-risk alcohol use across all racial/ethnic groups, but mortality risk was only increased among patients reporting moderate-risk relative to lower-risk alcohol use among white PLWH, and black patients appeared to have higher mortality risk relative to white patients at lower-risk levels of alcohol use. Findings of the present study further underscore the need to address unhealthy alcohol use among PLWH, and future research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Bensley
- Department of Health Services, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357660, Seattle, WA, 98195-7660, USA. .,VA Health Services Research and Development (HSRD) Denver Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Mailstop S-152, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
| | - Kathleen A McGinnis
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven Campus, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - David A Fiellin
- Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Adam J Gordon
- Salt Lake City VA, 500 Foothill Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.,University of Utah, 201 Presidents Cir, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin L Kraemer
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | | | - Stephen Crystal
- Rutgers University, 7 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Julie R Gaither
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven Campus, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - P Todd Korthuis
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S Main St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - India J Ornelas
- Department of Health Services, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357660, Seattle, WA, 98195-7660, USA
| | - K C Gary Chan
- Department of Health Services, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357660, Seattle, WA, 98195-7660, USA
| | - Julia C Dombrowski
- University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John C Fortney
- Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S Main St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven Campus, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Emily C Williams
- Department of Health Services, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357660, Seattle, WA, 98195-7660, USA.,VA Health Services Research and Development (HSRD) Denver Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Mailstop S-152, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
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14
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Shariati H, Armstrong HL, Cui Z, Lachowsky NJ, Zhu J, Anand P, Roth EA, Hogg RS, Oudman G, Tonella C, Moore DM. Changes in smoking status among a longitudinal cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:370-378. [PMID: 28844014 PMCID: PMC5832025 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is common among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and most of the mortality gap between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals is attributable to smoking. METHODS We recruited sexually active HIV-positive and HIV-negative GBMSM age ≥16 years using respondent-driven sampling. Study visits occurred every six months for up to four years and included a computer-assisted self-interview and clinical assessment. We conducted bivariate analyses to compare factors associated with "never", "former", "daily", or "non-daily" smoking at baseline and longitudinal mixed effects models to examine factors associated with cessation and (re)initiation. RESULTS 774 participants completed a baseline visit and 525 enrolled in the cohort and completed at least one follow-up visit. At baseline, the median age was 34 years and 31.5% were daily smokers. In follow-up (median=2.5years), 116 daily or non-daily smokers (41%) quit at least once and of these, 101 (87%) remained former smokers at their last visit. Smoking cessation was positively associated with incomes ≥$60,000 and self-reported excellent health. Alcohol use, ecstasy use, and having a partner who smokes were associated with decreased odds of cessation. Substance use (cannabis, GHB, and crystal methamphetamine) and having a partner who smokes were positively associated with increasing to/resuming daily smoking. HIV-positive GBMSM were more likely to smoke but not more likely to quit. CONCLUSIONS Targeted, culturally relevant smoking cessation resources are needed, especially for HIV-positive GBMSM. Engaging couples in cessation interventions may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Shariati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Heather L. Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
| | - Zishan Cui
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nathan J. Lachowsky
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, Canada, V6Z 1Y6,School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, B202-3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, Canada, V8P 5C2,Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, Victoria, Canada, V8N 5M8
| | - Julia Zhu
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Praney Anand
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Eric A. Roth
- Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, Victoria, Canada, V8N 5M8,Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, B228-3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, Canada, V8P5C2
| | - Robert S. Hogg
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, Canada, V6Z 1Y6,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Greg Oudman
- Health Initiative for Men, 421-1033 Davie St., Vancouver, V6E 1M7, Canada.
| | - Christina Tonella
- Vancouver Coastal Health, 1200-601 West Broadway, Vancouver, V7G 1J6, Canada.
| | - David M. Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3,British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
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15
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Paradis AD, Shenassa ED, Papandonatos GD, Rogers ML, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring antisocial behaviour: findings from a longitudinal investigation of discordant siblings. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:889-896. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Cohn AM, Ehlke SJ, Cobb CO, Soule EK. Hookah tobacco smoking in a large urban sample of adult cigarette smokers: Links with alcohol and poly-tobacco use. Addict Behav 2017; 68:1-5. [PMID: 28086138 PMCID: PMC5293175 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) has been increasing, particularly among young adults and has similar health effects compared to cigarette smoking. The link between HTS and poly-tobacco use is well documented, but fewer show an association between HTS and alcohol use. It is essential to identify factors that increase the risk for or addictiveness and consequences of HTS, given its growing prevalence. This study examined whether the association between HTS and poly-tobacco use differed as a function of age and alcohol consumption within in a sample of 1223 adult cigarette smokers. Approximately 20% of participants reported HTS. Compared to non-users, hookah users were more likely to be male, highly educated, and to report drug and alcohol use, binge drinking, and poly-tobacco use but were less likely to be heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day). Regression analyses predicting number of tobacco products used (excluding cigarettes and HTS) indicated a three-way interaction of HTS, frequency of alcohol use, and age such that the association between HTS and number of tobacco products used was strongest for younger respondents who consumed alcohol more frequently. As observed in previous studies, alcohol is an important risk factor in the relationship between HTS and poly-tobacco use, particularly among younger cigarette smokers. The links between alcohol, HTS, and poly-tobacco use should be considered when developing HTS education and prevention materials directed toward younger cigarette smokers. Findings provide information relevant to FDA's interest in the addiction potential of HTS and its link to poly-tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Cohn
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Sarah J Ehlke
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eric K Soule
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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17
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McClure JB, Blasi PR, Cook A, Bush T, Fishman P, Nelson J, Anderson ML, Catz SL. Oral health 4 life: Design and methods of a semi-pragmatic randomized trial to promote oral health care and smoking abstinence among tobacco quitline callers. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 57:90-97. [PMID: 28412230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Smokers are at high risk for oral disease. As a result, they represent an important target group for population-level, public oral health promotion efforts. While dental health professionals often address smoking with their patients, no systematic efforts have been made to offer smokers an intervention to improve their use of oral health care. This paper details the rationale, design, and methods of a large, semi-pragmatic, randomized clinical trial designed to address this gap. Participants are recruited via the Oregon, Nebraska and Louisiana state-sponsored tobacco quitlines and randomized to receive standard quitline care versus standard care plus a multi-modal oral health promotion program (Oral Health 4 Life) integrated within the quitline services. All participants are followed for 6months to assess the impact of the intervention on smoking abstinence and utilization of professional dental care. In addition, the study will assess the cost of the intervention and provide practical guidance to states on whether the intervention is financially feasible to implement, should the intervention be effective. This study protocol may be useful to others interested in promoting oral health among smokers, those interested in partnering with tobacco quitlines to extend standard services to address other high risk health behaviors among smokers, or those interested in semi-pragmatic trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B McClure
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Paula R Blasi
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Andrea Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Terry Bush
- Alere Wellbeing, Optum Center for Wellbeing Research, 999 3rd Ave., Suite 2000, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | - Paul Fishman
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Department of Health Services, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357660, Seattle, WA 98195-7660, USA.
| | - Jennifer Nelson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Melissa L Anderson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (formerly, Group Health Research Institute), 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Sheryl L Catz
- University of California, Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 4610 X St., Suite 4202, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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18
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Combination of ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms is associated with smoking initiation: A large-scale cross-sectional study in a Japanese population. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 173:85-91. [PMID: 28212515 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2; rs671, Glu504Lys) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B; rs1229984, His47Arg) polymorphisms are known to strongly influence alcohol drinking behavior. Given evidence of an association between smoking and drinking behaviors, we hypothesized that ALDH2/ADH1B polymorphisms might also be associated with smoking initiation, and conducted a cross-sectional study to examine this hypothesis. METHODS Study subjects were first-visit outpatients diagnosed not to have cancer at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between 2001 and 2005, including 4141 never smokers and 2912 ever smokers. Unconditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for smoking initiation by comparing ever smokers with never smokers. RESULTS Excessive alcohol drinking was associated with a higher likelihood of ever smoking. After adjustment for drinking behaviors, compared to individuals with ALDH2 Glu/Glu, the ORs of ever smoking were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.49-1.95) and 2.28 (1.81-2.87) among those with ALDH2 Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys, respectively. Combination of ALDH2 Lys/Lys and ADH1B His/His (i.e., the most alcohol-intolerant subpopulation) showed the highest OR [2.44 (1.84-3.23)], whereas combination of ALDH2 Glu/Glu and ADH1B Arg/Arg (i.e., the most alcohol-tolerant subpopulation) showed the lowest OR [0.83 (0.57-1.21)] compared with ALDH2 Glu/Glu and ADH1B His/His. CONCLUSION Besides the amount and frequency of alcohol drinking, the combination of ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms predicts smoking initiation. This study suggests that alcohol tolerance regulated by ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms is associated with smoking initiation, and facilitates the development of targeted interventions to reduce smoking prevalence.
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19
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Paulus DJ, Valadka J, Businelle MS, Gallagher MW, Viana AG, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Emotion dysregulation explains associations between anxiety sensitivity and hazardous drinking and drinking motives among adult treatment-seeking smokers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017; 31:189-199. [PMID: 28080096 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Smoking and drinking frequently co-occur. For example, alcohol use is associated with smoking lapses during quit attempts. However, little is known regarding psychological factors explaining drinking among smokers. Anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor associated with hazardous drinking and drinking to cope and/or conform, although little is known about mechanisms underlying such associations. One potential explanatory factor is emotion dysregulation. The current study examined emotion dysregulation as an explanatory factor underlying Anxiety Sensitivity and 5 alcohol-related outcomes: hazardous drinking, alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, coping-oriented drinking, and drinking to conform. Participants for this study were 467 treatment-seeking adult, daily smokers (48.2% women; Mage = 36.7 years, SD = 13.6) who reported smoking an average of 16.5 cigarettes per day. Results indicate significant indirect effects of Anxiety Sensitivity on hazardous drinking via emotion dysregulation, alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, drinking to cope, and drinking to conform. Effects were medium in size. Alternative models testing indirect effects of emotion dysregulation through Anxiety Sensitivity on outcomes, and Anxiety Sensitivity through outcomes on emotion dysregulation were nonsignificant and all had small effect sizes. Follow-up tests examined the path of effects from Anxiety Sensitivity through specific emotion-dysregulation subfactors. Thus, among treatment-seeking smokers, emotion dysregulation may explain the associations of Anxiety Sensitivity with alcohol-related outcomes. This pattern of findings highlights the potential importance of interventions targeting emotion dysregulation among hazardous-drinking smokers. (PsycINFO Database Record
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20
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Lechner WV, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Spillane NS, Tidey JW, McKee SA, Metrik J, Leventhal AM, Rohsenow DJ, Kahler CW. Influence of the A118G Polymorphism of the OPRM1 Gene and Exon 3 VNTR Polymorphism of the DRD4 Gene on Cigarette Craving After Alcohol Administration. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:632-6. [PMID: 26092968 PMCID: PMC5896808 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study examined whether the presence of the G allele of the A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene (rs1799971) and the long allele of exon 3 VNTR polymorphism of the DRD4 gene moderate the effect of alcohol administration on urge to smoke. These polymorphisms have been associated with greater alcohol induced-urge to drink. Urge to drink and alcohol consumption increase urge to smoke. Therefore, these polymorphisms may also sensitize urge to smoke after alcohol consumption. METHODS Individuals smoking 10-30 cigarettes per day and reporting heavy drinking were recruited from the community. Caucasians (n = 62), 57.3% male, mean age 39.2, took part in a three-session, within-subjects, repeated-measures design study. Participants were administered a placebo, 0.4 g/kg, or 0.8 g/kg dose of alcohol. A118G genotype, exon 3 VNTR genotype, and urge to smoke (baseline and three times after receiving alcohol) were assessed. RESULTS G allele carriers showed greater urge to smoke across all assessments. Additionally, a significant interaction indicated that G carriers, compared to homozygotes (AA), evinced a significantly greater increase in urge to smoke after high dose alcohol relative to placebo. The interaction between condition, DRD4 polymorphism, and time was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Presence of G allele of the A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene may lead to greater increases in urge to smoke after a high dose of alcohol. Pharmacotherapies targeted to opiate receptors (eg, naltrexone) may be especially helpful in aiding smoking cessation among G carriers who are heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Lechner
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI;
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - John E McGeary
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | | | - Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damaris J Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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21
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Paradis AD, Koenen KC, Fitzmaurice GM, Buka SL. Impact of persistent and adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour on adult health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1004-10. [PMID: 27069087 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent engagement in antisocial behaviour across developmental periods is thought to increase the risk for early disease morbidity. However, less is known about potential adverse health outcomes among the much larger subset of individuals with antisocial behaviour limited to adolescence. METHODS Using data from the Providence, Rhode Island cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, we examined the association between developmentally based subtypes of antisocial behaviour and health outcomes (n=801). Official arrest records and self-reports of engagement in antisocial behaviour were used to classify participants into antisocial groups (persistent into adulthood, adolescent-limited, no significant problems) that were contrasted across important adult health indicators. RESULTS With few exceptions, those with persistent antisocial behaviour had the highest prevalence of each health problem. Compared to those with no antisocial behaviour, participants with persistent problems had poorer overall health and significantly elevated odds of cardiovascular problems, wheezing, lower back pain, cancer, serious injury and emergency department visits. Those with adolescent-limited behaviour experienced significantly increased odds of health concerns including poorer overall health, hypercholesterolaemia, acute respiratory problems and wheezing, lower back pain and emergency department visits compared to participants with no antisocial behaviour. Both antisocial groups reported barriers to healthcare access. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the impact of persistent antisocial behaviour on adult health, and suggest that antisocial behaviour limited to adolescence is also an important marker of poor health. Given that antisocial behaviour during adolescence is an important early marker of adverse health outcomes, youth exhibiting serious behavioural problems should be targeted for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garrett M Fitzmaurice
- Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Twyman L, Bonevski B, Paul C, Bryant J, West R, Siahpush M, D'Este C, Oldmeadow C, Palazzi K. Factors Associated With Concurrent Tobacco Smoking and Heavy Alcohol Consumption Within a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Australian Sample. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:459-70. [PMID: 26942661 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption occur more frequently in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Little is known about the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with use of alcohol and tobacco in disadvantaged groups in comparison to low-risk users. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the characteristics of low-risk users with: disadvantaged smokers only; disadvantaged heavy drinkers only; and disadvantaged concurrent smokers and heavy drinkers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of socioeconomically disadvantaged adult clients attending a community welfare agency assessed tobacco use, alcohol use, demographic, and psychosocial variables. Multivariable analysis using multinomial logistic regression was carried out. RESULTS The sample consisted of 835 participants; 40% (n = 331) were concurrent users, 31% were smokers only (n = 252), 11% were heavy drinkers only (n = 93), and 18% were low-risk users (n = 149). Compared with those who neither smoked nor consumed alcohol heavily, concurrent users were more likely to be younger, have only some contact with family, have more friends and family who were smokers, have no fixed home address, live alone, and have higher levels of financial stress. Most of these factors were shared by individuals who were smokers only. Factors associated with heavy drinkers only were frequent contact with family and having more friends and family who were smokers. CONCLUSION Among those Australians who suffer severe economic hardship, being a concurrent smoker and heavy drinker appears to be associated with more isolated living conditions and financial stress but some contact with family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Twyman
- a School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- a School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Christine Paul
- a School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia.,b Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Jamie Bryant
- c Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Robert West
- d Department of Epidemiology and Public Health , University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Siahpush
- e Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Catherine D'Este
- f National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- a School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia.,b Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Kerrin Palazzi
- b Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , Australia
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Liver cirrhosis mortality, alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption over a 62 year period in a high alcohol consumption country: a trend analysis. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:822. [PMID: 26708239 PMCID: PMC4691532 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality has been revealed by data from several different countries. However, the impact of tobacco smoking on liver cirrhosis has not been considered. The aim of this study was to estimate trends in liver cirrhosis mortality and alcohol and tobacco consumption from 1952 to 2013 as well as more recent trends in substance use disorder treatments and hospital treatments of liver diseases in Germany. Methods Data from the National Statistics Office were used. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-6 to ICD-10). Alcohol beverages and tobacco products were estimated according to tax or governmental data. Substance use disorder treatment and hospital treatment data were used. Trends were calculated using Joinpoint regression analyses. Results Liver cirrhosis mortality among men increased annually by 8.4 % from 1952 to 1960 and increased annually by 2.8 % from 1961 to 1976. From 1976 to 1982, liver cirrhosis mortality decreased annually by 4.8 %, from 1982 to 2013 liver cirrhosis mortality decreased annually by 1.2 %. Among females, liver cirrhosis mortality increased annually by 8.9 % from 1952 to 1959 and by 4.3 % from 1959 to 1968, but then decreased 1.0 % annually from 1968 to 1995. After 1995, liver cirrhosis mortality decreased 1.9 % annually through 2013. These reductions in liver cirrhosis mortality were accompanied by decreases in alcohol consumption beginning in 1976. These findings were also accompanied by decreases in the consumption of cigarette equivalents since 1971. Meanwhile, the number of substance use disorder treatments and hospital treatments of liver diseases increased. Conclusions The decrease in liver cirrhosis mortality may have been caused by a decrease in alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. Smoking may have exerted indirect effects via alcohol consumption as well as direct effects. These trends existed despite largely missing preventive efforts to reduce alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. Increases in educational attainment in the general population may have contributed to the reductions in alcohol and tobacco consumption. Convincing evidence that the increased provision of substance use disorder treatment significantly contributed to the decrease of liver cirrhosis was not found. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1808-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Thomson G, Wilson N, Collins D, Edwards R. Attitudes to smoke-free outdoor regulations in the USA and Canada: a review of 89 surveys. Tob Control 2015; 25:506-16. [DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Paradis AD, Fitzmaurice GM, Koenen KC, Buka SL. A prospective investigation of neurodevelopmental risk factors for adult antisocial behavior combining official arrest records and self-reports. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 68:363-70. [PMID: 26050211 PMCID: PMC4522215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental deficits are postulated to play an important role in the etiology of persistent antisocial behavior (ASB). Yet it remains uncertain as to which particular deficits are most closely associated with ASB. We seek to advance this understanding using prospectively collected data from a birth cohort in which multiple indices of neurodevelopmental functioning and ASB were assessed. Participants (n = 2776) were members of the Providence, Rhode Island cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Information on demographic and neurodevelopmental variables was collected from pregnancy through age 7. When all offspring had reached 33 years of age an adult criminal record check was conducted. A subset of subjects also self-reported on their engagement in serious ASB. Bivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between each neurodevelopmental factor and adult ASB and test whether associations varied depending on how ASB was ascertained. After controlling for background and contextual characteristics, maternal smoking during pregnancy, lower childhood verbal and performance IQ, and age 7 aggressive/impulsive behavior all significantly increased the odds of adult ASB. Associations were not modified by sex and did not depend on how ASB was assessed. However, while both males and Black participants were more likely to engage in ASB than their respective female and White counterparts, relationships were significantly stronger for official records than for self-reports. Results point to a particular subset of early neurodevelopmental risks for antisocial outcomes in adulthood. Findings also suggest that prior contradictory results are not due to the use of official records versus self-reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D. Paradis
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author: Brown University, Department of Epidemiology, 121 South Main Street, GS-121-2, Providence, RI 02912;
| | - Garrett M. Fitzmaurice
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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Cohn A, Villanti A, Richardson A, Rath JM, Williams V, Stanton C, Mermelstein R. The association between alcohol, marijuana use, and new and emerging tobacco products in a young adult population. Addict Behav 2015; 48:79-88. [PMID: 26042613 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults have the highest rates of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use relative to any other age group. Few studies have examined the co-occurrence of substance use with new and emerging tobacco products in this vulnerable group, or the underlying personality factors that may explain these associations. To address this gap, this study examined the association of current alcohol and marijuana use with the use of cigarettes and emerging tobacco products in a nationally representative sample of young adults. METHODS Data were drawn from 18 to 24year olds in Wave 4 (January 2013; n=1609) of the Legacy Young Adult Cohort, a nationally-representative sample of men and women. Never, ever (lifetime), and past 30-day use of little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs), hookah, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes were assessed separately in current (everyday or some days) alcohol and marijuana users. RESULTS Using weighted estimates, multivariable multinomial logistic regression models showed that current alcohol and marijuana use were associated with lifetime and past 30-day use of cigarettes, LCCs, e-cigarettes, and hookah, with different magnitudes of association found across each product. Post-hoc exploratory analyses showed that sensation-seeking traits moderated the relationship of alcohol (but not marijuana) use to current use of select tobacco products. DISCUSSION Marijuana and alcohol use may enhance risk for emerging tobacco products use in young adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs may need to target poly-use of alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco rather than focusing on a single risk behavior during these critical years.
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Armitage CJ. Evidence that a volitional help sheet reduces alcohol consumption among smokers: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Behav Ther 2015; 46:342-9. [PMID: 25892170 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smokers have greater problems with alcohol than members of the general population, due partly to the influence of smoking on alcohol consumption. The present study was designed to test the ability of implementation intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among cigarette smokers. Sixty-five smokers (37 women, 28 men; age M=33.77, SD=9.69) were randomly allocated to an active control condition (n=31) or were asked to form implementation intentions using a volitional help sheet (n=34). The outcome measure was subsequent alcohol intake, measured 1-month postbaseline. There was a significant decrease in alcohol consumption in the intervention group but not in the control condition. At the end of the study, alcohol consumption had decreased significantly, by 2.00 standard units (i.e., 16 grams alcohol) per week in the intervention group, but had increased marginally (by 0.46 standard units per week) in the active control condition (d=0.63). The findings support the efficacy of the volitional help sheet to reduce alcohol consumption among smokers. Further research is needed to refine the volitional help sheet and explore its efficacy among other at-risk groups.
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Roche DJO, Bujarski S, Hartwell E, Green R, Ray LA. Combined varenicline and naltrexone treatment reduces smoking topography intensity in heavy-drinking smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:92-8. [PMID: 25933795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy drinking smokers constitute a distinct sub-population of smokers for whom traditional smoking cessation therapies may not be effective. Recent evidence suggested that combined varenicline (VAR) and naltrexone (NTX) therapy may be more efficacious than either monotherapy alone in reducing smoking and drinking-related behavior in this population. The manner in which individuals smoke a cigarette (i.e., smoking topography) may be predictive of smoking cessation outcomes, yet the effects of smoking pharmacotherapies on puffing behavior have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the current double-blind medication study examined the effects of VAR alone (1mg BID), low dose NTX alone (25mg QD), the combination of VAR+NTX, and placebo on smoking topography measures in heavy drinking, non-treatment seeking daily smokers (n=120). After a 9-day titration period, participants completed a laboratory session in which they smoked their first cigarette of the day using a smoking topography device following 12h of nicotine abstinence and consumption of an alcoholic beverage (BrAC=0.06g/dl). The primary measures were puff count, volume, duration, and velocity and inter-puff interval (IPI). Independent of medication group, puff velocity and IPI increased, while puff volume and duration decreased, over the course of the cigarette. The active medication groups, vs. the placebo group, had significantly blunted puff duration and velocity slopes over the course of the cigarette, and this effect was particularly evident in the VAR+NTX group. Additionally, the VAR+NTX group demonstrated lower average IPI than the monotherapy groups and lower average puff volume than all other groups. These results suggest that smoking pharmacotherapies, particularly the combination of VAR+NTX, alter smoking topography in heavy drinking smokers, producing a pattern of less intense puffing behavior. As smoking topography has been predictive of the ability to quit smoking, future studies should examine how smoking pharmacotherapies' effects on puffing behavior relate to smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O Roche
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Emily Hartwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Gamarel KE, Mereish EH, Manning D, Iwamoto M, Operario D, Nemoto T. Minority Stress, Smoking Patterns, and Cessation Attempts: Findings From a Community-Sample of Transgender Women in the San Francisco Bay Area. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:306-13. [PMID: 25782458 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has demonstrated associations between reports of minority stressors and smoking behaviors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations; however, little is known about how minority stressors are related to smoking behaviors and cessation attempts among transgender women. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the associations between transgender-based discrimination and smoking patterns among a sample of transgender women; and (2) to identify barriers to smoking cessation in a sample of transgender women with a history of smoking. METHODS A community sample of 241 transgender women completed a one-time survey. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between minority stressors and (1) smoking behaviors and (2) cessation attempts. Both models adjusted for income, education, race/ethnicity, recent sex work, HIV status, depression, alcohol use, and current hormone use. RESULTS Overall, 83% of participants indicated that they had smoked a cigarette in the last month. Of these women, 62.3% reported daily smoking and 51.7% reported an unsuccessful quit attempt. Discrimination was positively associated with currently smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.08). Discrimination was positively associated with unsuccessful cessation (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18) and never attempting (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11) compared to successful cessation. Discrimination was also positively associated with never attempting compared to unsuccessful cessation (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation may be driven by unique transgender-related minority stressors, such as discrimination. Future research is warranted to address unique stigmatizing contexts when understanding and providing tailored intervention addressing smoking among transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi E Gamarel
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;
| | - Ethan H Mereish
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - David Manning
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Don Operario
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Kahler CW, Metrik J, Spillane NS, Day A, Leventhal AM, McKee SA, Tidey JW, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Rohsenow DJ. Acute effects of low and high dose alcohol on smoking lapse behavior in a laboratory analogue task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4649-57. [PMID: 24858377 PMCID: PMC4232980 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Smoking lapses (i.e., returns to smoking after quitting) often occur following alcohol consumption with observational data suggesting greater quantities of alcohol lead to greater risk. However, a causal dose-dependent effect of alcohol consumption on smoking lapse behavior has not been established, and the mechanisms that might account for such an effect have not been tested. OBJECTIVES In a within-subjects design, we examined the effects of low- (0.4 g/kg) and high-dose (0.8 g/kg) alcohol, relative to placebo, on smokers' ability to resist initiating smoking after acute smoking abstinence. METHODS Participants were 100 heavy alcohol drinkers, smoking 10-30 cigarettes per day. Across three separate days, participants consumed placebo, low-dose, or high-dose alcohol following 3 h of smoking abstinence and, 35 min later, were offered the opportunity to smoke while resisting smoking was monetarily reinforced proportional to the amount of time delayed. RESULTS Consistent with a dose-response effect, participants smoked 3.35 min (95 % confidence intervals (CI) [-7.09, 0.40], p = .08) earlier following low-dose alcohol and 6.36 min (95 % CI [-9.99, -2.73], p = .0006) earlier following high-dose alcohol compared to drinking a placebo beverage. Effects of dose on smoking behavior were partially mediated by increases in urge to smoke. There was no evidence that alcohol's effects on urge to smoke or ability to resist smoking were mediated through its stimulating or sedating effects. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol can reduce the ability to resist smoking in a dose-dependent fashion, in part, due to its effect on increasing the intensity of smoking urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA,
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McLaughlin MJ, Speirs KE, Shenassa ED. Reading disability and adult attained education and income: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study of a population-based sample. JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2014; 47:374-386. [PMID: 22983608 DOI: 10.1177/0022219412458323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of childhood reading disability (RD) on adult educational attainment and income. Participants' (N = 1,344) RD was assessed at age 7, and adult educational attainment and income were assessed in midlife using categorical variables. Participants with RD at age 7 were 74% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.37) less likely to attain a higher level of education and 56% (95% CI: 0.32, 0.61) less likely to attain a higher level of income as an adult than participants with average or above reading achievement at age 7. Attained education was found to mediate the relationship between RD and attained income.
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Mays D, Gilman SE, Rende R, Luta G, Tercyak KP, Niaura RS. Parental smoking exposure and adolescent smoking trajectories. Pediatrics 2014; 133:983-91. [PMID: 24819567 PMCID: PMC4035590 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a multigenerational study of smoking risk, the objective was to investigate the intergenerational transmission of smoking by examining if exposure to parental smoking and nicotine dependence predicts prospective smoking trajectories among adolescent offspring. METHODS Adolescents (n = 406) ages 12 to 17 and a parent completed baseline interviews (2001-2004), and adolescents completed up to 2 follow-up interviews 1 and 5 years later. Baseline interviews gathered detailed information on parental smoking history, including timing and duration, current smoking, and nicotine dependence. Adolescent smoking and nicotine dependence were assessed at each time point. Latent Class Growth Analysis identified prospective smoking trajectory classes from adolescence into young adulthood. Logistic regression was used to examine relationships between parental smoking and adolescent smoking trajectories. RESULTS Four adolescent smoking trajectory classes were identified: early regular smokers (6%), early experimenters (23%), late experimenters (41%), and nonsmokers (30%). Adolescents with parents who were nicotine-dependent smokers at baseline were more likely to be early regular smokers (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.33) and early experimenters (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.25) with each additional year of previous exposure to parental smoking. Parents' current non-nicotine-dependent and former smoking were not associated with adolescent smoking trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to parental nicotine dependence is a critical factor influencing intergenerational transmission of smoking. Adolescents with nicotine-dependent parents are susceptible to more intense smoking patterns and this risk increases with longer duration of exposure. Research is needed to optimize interventions to help nicotine-dependent parents quit smoking early in their children's lifetime to reduce these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Mays
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia;
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Rende
- Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - George Luta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kenneth P Tercyak
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raymond S Niaura
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia;Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, American Legacy Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia; andBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Matthews AK, Riley BB, Everett B, Hughes TL, Aranda F, Johnson T. A longitudinal study of the correlates of persistent smoking among sexual minority women. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1199-206. [PMID: 24727370 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted a longitudinal evaluation of factors associated with persistent smoking behaviors among sexual minority women (SMW; lesbians and bisexual women). METHODS Structured interview data were collected as part of a larger longitudinal study of SMW's health: the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study. We conducted multivariate analyses to evaluate the influence of 4 groups of predictor variables on smoking: (a) demographic, (b) childhood victimization, (c) other substance use, and (d) health variables. RESULTS At Wave 1, 30.9% (n = 138) of participants reported current smoking, with substance-use and demographic factors having the strongest relationships to smoking status. The majority (84.9%) of Wave 1 smokers were also smoking at Wave 2. Among demographic variables, level of education was inversely associated with continued smoking. With respect to substance use, hazardous drinking and cocaine/heroin use were significantly associated with continued smoking. None of the victimization or health variables predicted smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies, smoking rates in this sample of SMW were elevated. Despite intensive efforts to reduce smoking in the general population, 84% of SMW smokers continued smoking from Wave 1 to Wave 2. Findings suggest that the majority of SMW will continue to smoke over time. Additional research is needed to increase motivation and access to smoking cessation resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Matthews
- Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL;
| | - Barth B Riley
- Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bethany Everett
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Frances Aranda
- Department of Health Systems Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Brunori EHFR, Cavalcante AMRZ, Lopes CT, Lopes JDL, Barros ALBLD. Tabagismo, consumo de álcool e atividade física: associações na síndrome coronariana aguda. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de tabagismo e consumo de álcool; identificar o nível de atividade física; os graus de dependência de nicotina e álcool e verificar a associação entre esses fatores de risco em indivíduos com síndrome coronariana aguda. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 150 pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas entrevistas, análise de prontuários e questionários validados sobre tabagismo, consumo de álcool e atividade física. Resultados: 58.7% eram fumantes (35,2% alta dependência), 42% consumiam álcool (65,1% baixo risco), 36,7% eram ativos. O tabagismo correlacionou-se significativamente ao consumo de álcool e a alta dependência de nicotina associou-se ao sedentarismo. Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência de tabagismo e consumo de álcool. Observou-se elevada dependência de nicotina e consumo de álcool de baixo risco. A maioria dos entrevistados era ativa. Houve correlação entre consumo de álcool e tabagismo, assim como associação da alta dependência de nicotina com sedentarismo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila Takao Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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McClure JB. Leveraging the US tobacco quitline infrastructure to promote oral health: feedback from key stakeholders. Prev Med 2014; 60:134-5. [PMID: 24380794 PMCID: PMC4103174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B McClure
- Group Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Yurasek AM, Murphy JG, Clawson AH, Dennhardt AA, MacKillop J. Smokers report greater demand for alcohol on a behavioral economic purchase task. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 74:626-34. [PMID: 23739028 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smokers have higher levels of alcohol consumption than nonsmokers and poorer response to alcohol treatment. It is possible that the greater severity of alcohol problems observed in smokers reflects a greater susceptibility to alcohol-related reinforcement. The present study used a behavioral economic purchase task to investigate whether heavy drinking smokers would have greater demand for alcohol than heavy drinking nonsmokers. METHOD Participants were 207 college students who reported at least one heavy drinking episode in the past month. Of the 207 participants, 33.2% (n = 67) reported smoking cigarettes at least 1 day in the past month. Participants completed the hypothetical alcohol purchase task, a simulation task that asked them to report how many drinks they would purchase at varying price increments. RESULTS After the participants' reported alcohol consumption, gender, alcohol problems, and depression were controlled for, analyses of covariance revealed that heavy drinking smokers had significantly greater reported maximum alcohol expenditures (Omax), greater maximum inelastic price (Pmax), and higher breakpoint values (first price suppressing consumption to zero). CONCLUSIONS College student heavy drinkers who also smoke cigarettes exhibit increased demand for alcohol. Smokers in this high-risk developmental stage may thus be less sensitive to price and other contingencies that would otherwise serve to modulate drinking and may require more intensive intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Yurasek
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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Jackson KM, Bucholz KK, Wood PK, Steinley D, Grant JD, Sher KJ. Towards the characterization and validation of alcohol use disorder subtypes: integrating consumption and symptom data. Psychol Med 2014; 44:143-159. [PMID: 23551901 PMCID: PMC3856175 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that measures of alcohol consumption, dependence and abuse are valid indicators of qualitatively different subtypes of alcohol involvement yet also fall along a continuum. The present study attempts to resolve the extent to which variations in alcohol involvement reflect a difference in kind versus a difference in degree. METHOD Data were taken from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The sample (51% male; 72% white/non-Hispanic) included respondents reporting past 12-month drinking at both waves (wave 1: n = 33644; wave 2: n = 25186). We compared factor mixture models (FMMs), a hybrid of common factor analysis (FA) and latent class analysis (LCA), against FA and LCA models using past 12-month alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria and five indicators of alcohol consumption reflecting frequency and heaviness of drinking. RESULTS Model comparison revealed that the best-fitting model at wave 1 was a one-factor four-class FMM, with classes primarily varying across dependence and consumption indices. The model was replicated using wave 2 data, and validated against AUD and dependence diagnoses. Class stability from waves 1 to 2 was moderate, with greatest agreement for the infrequent drinking class. Within-class associations in the underlying latent factor also revealed modest agreement over time. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that alcohol involvement can be considered both categorical and continuous, with responses reduced to four patterns that quantitatively vary along a single dimension. Nosologists may consider hybrid approaches involving groups that vary in pattern of consumption and dependence symptomatology as well as variation of severity within group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K. K. Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
| | - P. K. Wood
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D. Steinley
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J. D. Grant
- Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
| | - K. J. Sher
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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Baggett TP, Lebrun-Harris LA, Rigotti NA. Homelessness, cigarette smoking and desire to quit: results from a US national study. Addiction 2013; 108:2009-18. [PMID: 23834157 PMCID: PMC3797258 DOI: 10.1111/add.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We determined whether or not homelessness is associated with cigarette smoking independent of other socio-economic measures and behavioral health factors, and whether homeless smokers differ from non-homeless smokers in their desire to quit. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed data from 2678 adult respondents to the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of homeless and non-homeless individuals using US federally funded community health centers. MEASUREMENTS We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between homelessness and (i) current cigarette smoking among all adults, and (ii) past-year desire to quit among current smokers, adjusting for demographic, socio-economic and behavioral health characteristics. FINDINGS Adults with any history of homelessness were more likely than never homeless respondents to be current smokers (57 versus 27%, P < 0.001). In multivariable models, a history of homelessness was associated independently with current smoking [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49-2.93], even after adjusting for age, sex, race, veteran status, insurance, education, employment, income, mental illness and alcohol and drug abuse. Housing status was not associated significantly with past-year desire to stop smoking in unadjusted (P = 0.26) or adjusted (P = 0.60) analyses; 84% of currently homeless, 89% of formerly homeless and 82% of never homeless smokers reported wanting to quit. CONCLUSIONS Among patients of US health centers, a history of homelessness doubles the odds of being a current smoker independent of other socio-economic factors and behavioral health conditions. However, homeless smokers do not differ from non-homeless smokers in their desire to quit and should be offered effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P. Baggett
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA
| | - Lydie A. Lebrun-Harris
- Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, Rockville, MD
| | - Nancy A. Rigotti
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Derringer J, Krueger RF, Dick DM, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Foroud T, Grucza RA, Hesselbrock MN, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit M, Bierut LJ, Iacono WG, McGue M. Measurement invariance of DSM-IV alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence between community-sampled and clinically overselected studies. Addiction 2013; 108:1767-76. [PMID: 23651171 PMCID: PMC3742679 DOI: 10.1111/add.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether DSM-IV symptoms of substance dependence are psychometrically equivalent between existing community-sampled and clinically overselected studies. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2476 adult twins born in Minnesota and 4121 unrelated adult participants from a case-control study of alcohol dependence. MEASUREMENTS Life-time DSM-IV alcohol, marijuana and cocaine dependence symptoms and ever use of each substance. DESIGN We fitted a hierarchical model to the data, in which ever use and dependence symptoms for each substance were indicators of alcohol, marijuana or cocaine dependence which were, in turn, indicators of a multi-substance dependence factor. We then tested the model for measurement invariance across participant groups, defined by study source and participant sex. FINDINGS The hierarchical model fitted well among males and females within each sample [comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.96, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > 0.95 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.04 for all], and a multi-group model demonstrated that model parameters were equivalent across sample- and sex-defined groups (ΔCFI = 0.002 between constrained and unconstrained models). Differences between groups in symptom endorsement rates could be expressed solely as mean differences in the multi-substance dependence factor. CONCLUSIONS Life-time substance dependence symptoms fitted a dimensional model well. Although clinically overselected participants endorsed more dependence symptoms, on average, than community-sampled participants, the pattern of symptom endorsement was similar across groups. From a measurement perspective, DSM-IV criteria are equally appropriate for describing substance dependence across different sampling methods.
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Clark MA, Rogers ML, Boergers J, Kahler CW, Ramsey S, Saadeh FM, Abrams DB, Buka SL, Niaura R, Colby SM. A transdisciplinary approach to protocol development for tobacco control research: a case study. Transl Behav Med 2013; 2:431-40. [PMID: 24073144 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-012-0164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing complexity of scientific problems related to lifestyle risk factors has prompted substantial investments in transdisciplinary or team science initiatives at the biological, psychosocial, and population levels of analysis. To date, the actual process of conducting team science from the perspectives of investigators engaged in it has not been well documented. We describe the experience of developing and implementing data collection protocols using the principles of transdisciplinary science. The New England Family Study Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center was a 10-year collaboration involving more than 85 investigators and consultants from more than 20 disciplines as well as more than 50 research staff. We used a two-phase process in which all the study personnel participated in the developing and testing of 160 instruments. These instruments were used in 4,378 assessments with 3,501 participants. With substantial effort, it is possible to build a team of scientists from diverse backgrounds that can develop a set of instruments using a shared conceptual approach, despite limited or no experience working together previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Clark
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA ; Center for Population Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Program in Public Health, Brown University, 121S. Main Street, 6th Floor, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Peuker AC, Lopes FM, Menezes CB, Cunha SM, Bizarro L. Processamento implícito e dependência química: teoria, avaliação e perspectivas. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722013000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesquisas recentes têm investigado mecanismos cognitivos implícitos que influenciam a decisão e o comportamento de uso da droga, como viés atencional e reatividade a pistas. Tais respostas são eliciadas automaticamente, potencializando a vulnerabilidade à dependência e recaída ao uso da droga. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar a perspectiva teórica dos modelos de duplo-processamento dos comportamentos aditivos assim como discutir a influência dos processos automáticos no uso de drogas, suas formas de avaliação e técnicas que objetivam modificar diretamente tais processos. Os resultados sugerem que medidas implícitas possam avaliar os mecanismos automáticos mais acuradamente do que medidas explícitas. Diante disso, sugere-se que intervenções voltadas para a transformação das cognições implícitas sejam alternativas eficazes para o tratamento da dependência química.
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Smoke-free bar policies and smokers' alcohol consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 126:240-5. [PMID: 22704125 PMCID: PMC3660989 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are positively correlated, and the concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol exacerbates the health risks associated with the singular use of either product. Indoor smoke-free policies have been effective in reducing smoking, but little is known about any impact of these policies on drinking behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential association between the implementation of smoke-free bar policies and smokers' alcohol consumption. METHODS A prospective, multi-country cohort survey design was utilized. Participants were nationally representative samples of smokers from the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States, who were interviewed as part of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4) in 2005, 2007, or 2008 (N=11,914). Changes in the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption were assessed as functions of change in the presence of smoke-free bar policies over time. RESULTS Overall, changes in alcohol consumption were statistically indistinguishable between those whose bars became smoke-free and those whose bars continued to allow smoking. However, implementation of smoke-free policies was associated with small reductions in the amount of alcohol typically consumed by those who were classified as hazardous drinkers, along with small reductions in the frequency of alcohol consumption among heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking bans in public places, which protect millions of non-smokers from the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, do not appear to be associated with sizable reductions in smokers' alcohol consumption in general, but may be associated with small consumption reductions among subgroups.
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Balsam KF, Beadnell B, Riggs KR. Understanding sexual orientation health disparities in smoking: a population-based analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2012; 82:482-93. [PMID: 23039346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations are at elevated risk for tobacco use compared to their heterosexual peers. However, there is little research examining reasons for this disparity. Drawing on prior literature regarding psychosocial variables associated with both sexual orientation and smoking, the authors tested a path model of risk and protective factors to help explain sexual orientation differences in smoking using data from the Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2003 to 2007. The authors estimated separate models for men and women, comparing lesbians or gays and bisexuals to heterosexuals. Results indicated that the explanatory variables accounted for most of the variance in this relationship, with both risk-enhancing and risk-reducing pathways. Mental health, life dissatisfaction, alcohol use, exposure to tobacco marketing, and single relationship status were risk enhancers for most LGB participants. Health-care access and income level were risk enhancers for bisexual participants only. Neither emotional support nor attitudes and knowledge about tobacco use helped explain the relationship between sexual orientation and smoking. These findings have significant implications for tobacco prevention and control efforts in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly F Balsam
- Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Cook JW, Fucito LM, Piasecki TM, Piper ME, Schlam TR, Berg KM, Baker TB. Relations of alcohol consumption with smoking cessation milestones and tobacco dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol 2012; 80:1075-85. [PMID: 22963593 DOI: 10.1037/a0029931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption is associated with smoking cessation failure in both community and clinical research. However, little is known about the relation between alcohol consumption and smoking cessation milestones (i.e., achieving initial abstinence, avoiding lapses and relapse). Our objective in this research was to examine the relations between pretreatment alcohol consumption patterns (non/infrequent drinker, moderate drinker, binge drinker) and smoking cessation milestones and tobacco dependence. METHOD Data were collected from 1,504 smokers (58.2% women; 83.9% White; mean age = 44.67 years, SD = 11.08) making an aided smoking cessation attempt as part of a clinical trial. Alcohol consumption pattern was determined with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Tobacco dependence was assessed with the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM). RESULTS Alcohol consumption pattern was significantly associated with initial cessation and lapse, and these findings remained after controlling for the effects of treatment, race, gender, and cigarettes per day. Relative to moderate drinkers, both non/infrequent drinkers and binge drinkers were less likely to achieve initial cessation (p < .05), and binge drinkers were more likely to lapse (p < .01). When drinking categories were compared on tobacco dependence indices, results showed that relative to moderate drinkers, non/infrequent drinkers scored higher on several WISDM Primary Dependence Motives subscales (Tolerance, Loss of Control, and Automaticity) and binge drinkers scored higher on WISDM Secondary Dependence Motives subscales (Cue Exposure and Social-Environmental Goads). CONCLUSIONS Non/infrequent drinkers' smoking cessation difficulties may be particularly related to core features of tobacco dependence, whereas binge drinkers' difficulties may be related to environmental and social influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Cook
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
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Kahler CW, Metrik J, Spillane NS, Leventhal AM, McKee SA, Tidey JW, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Rohsenow DJ. Sex differences in stimulus expectancy and pharmacologic effects of a moderate dose of alcohol on smoking lapse risk in a laboratory analogue study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:71-80. [PMID: 22227611 PMCID: PMC3687530 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use is often implicated in initial lapses to smoking during quit smoking attempts. Mechanisms explaining this association are unknown but could include (a) learned associations between drinking and smoking or (b) direct pharmacologic effects of alcohol. OBJECTIVES In a 2 (told alcohol vs. told placebo) × 2 (0.4 g/kg vs. 0.0 g/kg ethanol) between-subjects balanced placebo design, we examined instruction and beverage condition effects on smokers' ability to resist initiating smoking and whether these effects differed by sex. METHODS Participants were 96 heavy alcohol drinkers, smoking 10-30 cigarettes per day. After 15 h of smoking abstinence, participants consumed either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage and 35 min later completed a smoking lapse task. RESULTS Overall, neither instructions nor beverage contents influenced behavior on the smoking lapse task. However, the instruction condition had different effects in men and women. Women, but not men, were more likely to smoke and reported expecting greater satisfaction from smoking when they were told alcohol compared to told placebo. The effects of instruction condition on smoking behavior were not mediated by self-reported expected satisfaction from smoking. CONCLUSIONS Women may be more likely to choose to smoke after drinking moderate amounts of alcohol because of their expectations rather than the pharmacological effects of the alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Mendel JR, Berg CJ, Windle RC, Windle M. Predicting young adulthood smoking among adolescent smokers and nonsmokers. Am J Health Behav 2012; 36:542-54. [PMID: 22488404 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.36.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine predictors of smoking in young adulthood among (1) adolescent nonsmokers and (2) adolescent smokers. METHODS Data were analyzed from a longitudinal study of adolescents to young adulthood in 1988-1998. RESULTS Predictors of smoking in young adulthood among adolescent nonsmokers included less education, being unmarried in adulthood, lower family social support, non-smoking parents, and increased alcohol use over time. Predictors of smoking in young adulthood among adolescent smokers included lower family social support, more adolescent friends who used drugs, and slower decreases in depressive symptoms over time. CONCLUSIONS Distinct factors predict smoking initiation versus maintenance among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Mendel
- Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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McClure JB, Riggs KR, St John J, Cerutti B, Zbikowski S. Understanding oral health promotion needs and opportunities of tobacco quitline callers. Public Health Rep 2012; 127:401-6. [PMID: 22753983 PMCID: PMC3366377 DOI: 10.1177/003335491212700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improving oral health and oral health care are important public health goals. Tobacco users and smokers are at particularly high risk for oral disease and warrant targeted intervention efforts. We assessed the need for and acceptability of targeting tobacco quitline callers for an oral health promotion intervention. METHODS We surveyed 816 Washington State Quitline callers to assess their oral health, relevant self-care behaviors, and interest in oral health promotion intervention. RESULTS Most respondents were female, cigarette smokers, of low socioeconomic status, with no dental insurance. Of the respondents, 79.3% (n=647) had some or all of their natural teeth (e.g., dentate); however, most of these respondents failed to meet recommendations for daily oral hygiene (brushing and flossing) (83.9%, n=543) and had no dental visits in the past year (52.6%, n=340). Similar findings were observed among respondents with no insurance. Many respondents were interested in learning more about how to improve their oral health (57.4%, n=468), willing to speak with a quitline coach about improving their oral health (48.2%, n=393), and open to receiving additional oral health information by mail (62.7%, n=512) or the Internet (50.0%, n=408). People who were receptive to learning how to improve their oral health were significantly more likely to be nonwhite, have a low income, have no dental insurance, and not have visited a dentist in the past year. CONCLUSION There is a need and an opportunity to target quitline callers for oral health promotion services, as those most in need of these services were open to receiving them.
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Toll BA, Cummings KM, O'Malley SS, Carlin-Menter S, McKee SA, Hyland A, Wu R, Hopkins J, Celestino P. Tobacco quitlines need to assess and intervene with callers' hazardous drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:1653-8. [PMID: 22703028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on published data showing that daily smokers have high rates of hazardous drinking and higher rates of smoking relapse, we hypothesized that New York State Smokers' Quitline (NYSSQL) callers would exhibit elevated rates of risky drinking and risky drinking callers would report lower rates of smoking cessation. METHODS We assessed rates of hazardous drinking among 88,479 callers to the NYSSQL using modified NIAAA guidelines. Using 2 routine NYSSQL short-term follow-up interviews (n = 14,123 and n = 24,579) and a 3-month follow-up interview (n = 2,833), we also compared smoking cessation rates for callers who met criteria for hazardous drinking compared to moderate drinkers and nondrinkers. RESULTS At baseline, 56% of callers reported drinking, and 23% reported hazardous drinking using modified NIAAA guidelines. Hazardous drinkers did not differ on measures of smoking cessation outcomes compared to nondrinkers but did have lower smoking cessation rates compared to persons who reported moderate alcohol consumption for the enhanced services program 1-week follow-up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [1.01, 1.17], p = 0.04) and the standard 2-week follow-up (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.07, 1.29], p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly a quarter of smokers calling the NYSSQL reported a hazardous drinking pattern, which was associated with lower cessation outcomes compared to those who reported a moderate drinking profile. Given the large number of high-risk drinkers who can be identified through a quitline, tobacco quitlines may provide a venue for providing brief alcohol interventions to these high-risk drinkers. Future studies should evaluate whether a brief alcohol intervention would result in improved smoking cessation rates for hazardous drinking smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Toll
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Language use and adherence to multiple cancer preventive health behaviors among Hispanics. J Immigr Minor Health 2011; 13:849-59. [PMID: 21431332 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hispanics have lower cancer mortality rates than non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, despite demographic profiles previously associated with higher cancer mortality. Differences in adherence to multiple cancer-preventive behaviors by acculturation may offer one explanation for this "Hispanic paradox," but the relationship is not well understood. We examined this relationship using the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, which provides cross-sectional data on a nationally representative sample of US Hispanics. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated relationships between language use (a measure of acculturation) and patterns of adherence, by gender, to multiple cancer-preventive health behaviors using adherence scores. Hispanics had greater odds of adherence to multiple behaviors compared to Non-Hispanics (OR = 2.76 [2.27, 3.36]). Hispanics with greater English language use had lower odds of adherence (OR = 0.45 [0.29, 0.69]). Women were more adherent than men (P < 0.01) and their language use was associated with patterns of behavioral adherence more so than among men. Differences by gender and language use were identified in patterns of adherence to behavioral recommendations among the Hispanic population. Greater English language use was negatively associated with tobacco, alcohol, fruit and vegetable recommendation adherence but not with exercise. Study findings support evidence behaviors occur in combination and contributes to understanding of the role of language use in patterns of behavioral adherence.
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Colby SM, Clark MA, Rogers ML, Ramsey S, Graham AL, Boergers J, Kahler CW, Papandonatos GD, Buka SL, Niaura RS, Abrams DB. Development and reliability of the lifetime interview on smoking trajectories. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:290-8. [PMID: 21994340 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessments of lifetime smoking history are useful in many types of research including surveillance, epidemiology, prevention, intervention, and studies of genetic phenotypes and heritability. Because prospective assessment is impractical for most research, our objective was to develop a reliable retrospective measure of lifetime smoking history. This paper presents descriptive and test-retest reliability data on smoking history variables assessed using the Lifetime Interview on Smoking Trajectories (LIST). METHODS Data were collected on a birth cohort sample of 1,625 men and women (ages 34-44) from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. A subsample of 344 was invited to participate in a retest interview 4-8 weeks later and 220 participated. Indices of test-retest reliability were evaluated for smoking history variables, including: (a) early smoking experiences; (b) age at various smoking milestones, such as first puff, and progression to weekly and daily smoking; (c) smoking rate and time to first cigarette within initial, current, most recent, and heaviest phases; and (d) prolonged nonsmoking phases. RESULTS Responses to whether each of 5 major smoking milestones occurred were all highly reliable (κ = .78-.92), and of the 20 phase-specific variables assessed, more than half were reported at the highest level of reliability. None of the variables demonstrated low reliability. CONCLUSIONS Although retrospective reports have unavoidable limitations, our findings indicate that the LIST is a reliable instrument for assessing detailed retrospective smoking history data and can be used to add to the knowledge base of how patterns of use relate to a variety of outcomes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Colby
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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