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1
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Gerges S, Hallit S, Malaeb D, Laghi F, Obeid S. Drunkorexia Among a Sample of Lebanese Adults: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1175-1200. [PMID: 36321443 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221137242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Drunkorexia is a food and alcohol disturbance described as being a range of disordered and compensatory eating behaviors that co-occur with excessive alcohol consumption. The remarkable correlation, highlighted in the literature, between dysfunctional cognitions and both eating disorders and substance use disorders is able to emphasize that cognitive phenomena can be an intrapersonal factor linked to drunkorexia disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and drunkorexia among a sample of Lebanese adults.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study across all the Lebanese governorates (September-December 2020; N = 258). The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales, Drunkorexia Fails Scale, Drunkorexia during an Alcohol Consumption Event Scale, and Post-Drinking Compensation Scale were used to assess drunkorexia, whereas the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form three was used to measure EMSs.Results: Emotional deprivation and subjugation were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives, whereas emotional inhibition was significantly associated with less drunkorexia motives. Failure was significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. Abandonment and mistrust were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less drunkorexia fails. Subjugation was significantly associated with more drunkorexia during alcohol consumption on events. Social isolation was significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less post-drinking compensation.Conclusion: Our findings showed that drunkorexia is positively associated with EMSs, delineating as well the specific relationships between dysfunctional cognitive schemas and drunkorexia's maladaptive behavioral aspects. They support the hypothesis that EMSs might play an important role in drunkorexia's development and perpetuation. This study could therefore serve healthcare professionals for the cognitive approach of patients with concomitant alcohol misuse and eating disorders while emphasizing the value of cognitive-behavioral interventions-namely schema therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerges
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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2
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Murley WD, Oberle CD, Howard KJ, Perrotte JK. Anxiety connects social media use to food and alcohol disturbance and disordered eating when social support is low. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101879. [PMID: 38663045 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is an understudied form of disordered eating, in which the consumption of calories is restricted in preparation for drinking alcohol. Guided by previous literature, the present study examined the direct, indirect, and interactive relationships between social media use, anxiety, social support, FAD, and disordered eating among young adults. Recruited from a large southwestern public university, the sample included 679 undergraduate students who completed an online survey in spring of 2022 and who indicated that they consume alcohol and are 18 to 29 years old. Two moderated mediation analyses assessed the indirect effects of anxiety on the relationships between social media use with FAD and disordered eating, and the conditional contribution of social support. Results indicated that social media use was related to disordered eating both directly and indirectly through anxiety, but it was only related to FAD through anxiety. Furthermore, indirect effects connecting social media use to FAD and disordered eating were conditional upon social support. Our findings suggest FAD and disordered eating may be coping mechanisms for anxiety stemming from social media exposure, though these associations appear to be attenuated when social support is high. As such, these findings may be relevant for shaping future intervention and prevention efforts for emerging adults experiencing FAD and disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Murley
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - Crystal D Oberle
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - Krista J Howard
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - Jessica K Perrotte
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America.
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3
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Pompili S, Bianchi D, Di Tata D, Cannoni E, Di Norcia A, Lonigro A, Longobardi E, Laghi F. Social Anxiety and Drunkorexia Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults: The Moderating Role of Resilience. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:825-831. [PMID: 38263611 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2305790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Existing evidence showed that social anxiety represents a significant factor in eating disorders. However, to our knowledge, no prior study has examined the association between social anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors. Objectives: The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between social anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors, and investigating resilience as a moderator of this relationship. Participants were 333 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years (Mage=18.26, SDage= 1.55; 66% females) who completed an online survey. Results: The results indicated that drunkorexia behaviors were positively correlated to three dimensions of social anxiety; however, only fear of negative evaluation had a significant predictive effect. In addition, resilience only moderated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and drunkorexia behaviors, such that youths reporting high fear of negative evaluation and low resilience showed greater drunkorexia behaviors, whereas youths reporting high resilience showed no correlation between fear of negative evaluation and drunkorexia behaviors. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of drunkorexia interventions and preventive measures aimed at strengthening youths' resilience and ability to effectively manage stress and social anxiety (i.e., fear of negative evaluation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cannoni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Norcia
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Education Science, University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiddia Longobardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Pinna F, Suprani F, Paribello P, Milia P, Sanna L, Manchia M, Boi G, Pes A, Lai L, Deiana V, Lostia di Santa Sofia S, Puddu L, Fatteri F, Ghiani A, Lai A, Carpiniello B. Food and Alcohol Disturbance in High School Adolescents: Prevalence, Characteristics and Association with Problem Drinking and Eating Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38248546 PMCID: PMC10815297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is characterized by the association of alcohol use with compensatory behaviors such as restricting calories, physical activity and purging. Despite not being part of the current nosography, research has grown in the past 10 years, mostly on college students' samples. In this study, we aim to describe the prevalence, characteristics and association of FAD with problem drinking (PD) and eating disorder risk (EDR) in a sample of Italian high school students. Participants were 900 high school students (53.6% males; mean age = 16.22) that were administered standardized questionnaires. Students who screened positive for PD, EDR and both were, respectively, 17.3%, 5.9% and 1.3%. Approximately one out four students reported FAD behaviors, mostly to control weight and by restricting calories, with higher prevalence and severity among those who screened positive for PD. Purging behaviors were rare overall (15.5%), but significantly more frequent in participants who screened positive for both PD and EDR (41.7%). FAD was more strongly associated with alcohol use severity than with ED symptom severity across all subgroups. FAD behaviors appear to be common in the Italian high school population and more strongly associated with PD. Future studies should investigate FAD's impact on adolescents' functioning and possible early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Federico Suprani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Paola Milia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Lucia Sanna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graziella Boi
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annadele Pes
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, ASL Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Valeria Deiana
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Silvia Lostia di Santa Sofia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Laura Puddu
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Francesca Fatteri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Ghiani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Alice Lai
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy; (F.P.); (P.P.); (P.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (V.D.); (S.L.d.S.S.); (L.P.); (F.F.); (A.G.); (A.L.); (B.C.)
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Shepherd CB, Berry KA, Ye X, Li K. Food and alcohol disturbance among US college students: a mixed methods scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1715-1731. [PMID: 34292851 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct a scoping review of food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) in US college students to overview the literature within this population and identify research opportunities. METHODS Studies (n = 39) were selected using systematic searches of databases and references. Search terms included: drunkorexia, "food and alcohol disturbance," and "compensatory behavior" AND alcohol AND eating. RESULTS Issues with methodological quality were noted. Most studies used quantitative methods and cross-sectional designs with small, biased samples. Terminologies, conceptualizations, and measures varied; however, 30% of studies neglected enhanced intoxication effects. Prevalence ranged from approximately 10-55%, with greater risk for women. Alcohol use and disordered eating were primary predictors. Personality, affective, and social factors are potential correlates. Alcohol-related consequences were higher for those with FAD. CONCLUSIONS While the literature is inconsistent and unclear, FAD appears to be common among college students and associated with negative consequences. Suggestions and considerations for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Berry
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xian Ye
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathie Li
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
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Di Tata D, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Laghi F. The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol Abuse and Drunkorexia Behaviors in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3466. [PMID: 36834161 PMCID: PMC9967230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected young adults' psychological well-being, increasing their stress levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and potentially triggering health-risk behaviors. The present study was aimed at investigating the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors among young adults living in Italy. Participants were 370 emerging adults (63% women, 37% men; Mage = 21.00, SDage = 2.96, range: 18-30) who were recruited through an online survey between November 2021 and March 2022. Participants completed measures of alcohol abuse, drunkorexia behaviors, negative life experiences, and post-traumatic symptoms related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The results showed that the emotional impact and negative life experiences associated with the pandemic predicted both alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors, albeit in different ways. Specifically, the number of negative life experiences during the pandemic and the tendency to avoid COVID-19-related negative thoughts positively predicted alcohol abuse; and the presence of intrusive thoughts associated with the pandemic significantly predicted the frequency of drunkorexia behaviors. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Booker R, Galloway R, Novik M, Jones R, Holmes ME. Differences between preemptive and non-preemptive physical activity among 'drunkorexia'-positive college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-5. [PMID: 36328802 PMCID: PMC10204643 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: 'Drunkorexia' is characterized by compensating for alcohol-related calories using physical activity (PA). Drunkorexia is common on college campuses but little is known about the PA behaviors within the drunkorexia paradigm. Methods: First-year college students living on campus completed an online survey collecting drunkorexia, PA, and alcohol consumption data. A total of 127 participants reported engaging in drunkorexia behaviors. Results: Fifty-three participants were classified as preemptively physically active (e.g., PA and drink on Tuesday) compared to 74 as non-preemptively physically active. Preemptively physically active participants consumed more alcohol on Fridays and Saturdays than those non-preemptively physically active. Preemptively physically active participants engaged in significantly greater amounts PA. Females accounted for all significant differences between groups. Discussion: Among drunkorexia-positive participants, many made preemptive efforts to control their calories before consuming alcohol, which may predispose them to higher incidences of adverse outcomes such as alcohol poisoning, unwanted sexual advances, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Riley Galloway
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5142, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Melinda Novik
- Department of Public Health and Sports Medicine, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO
| | - Raymond Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1313 13 Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1313 13 Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - Megan E. Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, 216 McCarthy Gym, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Azzi V, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Laghi F, Gerges S, Akel M, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Hallit S. Emotion regulation and drunkorexia behaviors among Lebanese adults: the indirect effects of positive and negative metacognition. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 35689196 PMCID: PMC9185707 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metacognition processes are a core feature of restrictive eating and alcohol cravings and entail an individual to control both of his/her emotions and thoughts, yet, to our knowledge, a scarcity of research has examined their potential role in drunkorexia as cognitive and emotional predictors. The following study investigates the different associations between two emotion regulation strategies (i.e. emotional suppression and cognitive reappraisal) and drunkorexia behaviors in a sample of Lebanese adults, exploring the possible indirect effects of positive and negative alcohol-related metacognitions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 335 participants (March-July 2021). RESULTS Higher problematic alcohol use (beta = 5.56), higher physical activity index (beta = 0.08), higher expressive suppression (beta = 0.23), higher negative metacognitive beliefs about cognitive harm due to drinking (beta = 0.75) and higher cognitive reappraisal (beta = 0.20) were significantly associated with more drunkorexic behaviors. The positive metacognitive beliefs about cognitive self-regulation significantly mediated the association between cognitive reappraisal and drunkorexia behaviors. Both the positive metacognitive beliefs about cognitive self-regulation and the negative metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability of drinking significantly mediated the association between expressive suppression and drunkorexia behaviors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that emotional and metacognitive processes are associated with drunkorexia, addressing as well the mediating effect between deficient emotional regulation and risky behavioral patterns. Overall, our results would speculate that the lack of emotional and cognitive assets might enhance internal distress perceived out of control, leading individuals to indulge in maladaptive behavioral patterns for managing the underlying impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Gerges
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
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9
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Drunkorexia behaviors and motives, eating attitudes and mental health in Lebanese alcohol drinkers: a path analysis model. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1787-1797. [PMID: 34713408 PMCID: PMC8553592 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drunkorexia refers to limited intake of high-calorie food to avert gaining weight and the need to increase in alcohol excessive consumption. The present study aimed to check for an association between depression, anxiety, and stress with drunkorexia behaviors/motives among Lebanese adults, while evaluating the mediating role of inappropriate eating attitude in those associations. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-eight participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study, who filled an online survey (September-December 2020). RESULTS Drunkorexia behaviors were considered as the dependent variable; the path coefficients from stress to anxiety, from anxiety to eating attitudes, from eating attitudes to drunkorexia behaviors and from anxiety to drunkorexia behaviors were all significant. The indirect relationships showed that eating attitudes mediated the association between anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors. When taking the drunkorexia motives as the dependent variable, the path coefficients from stress to anxiety, from anxiety to eating attitudes, from eating attitudes to drunkorexia motives, and from anxiety to drunkorexia motives were all significant. The indirect relationships showed that eating attitudes mediated the association between anxiety and drunkorexia motives. CONCLUSION This study highlighted that individuals with more psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) and inappropriate eating habits exhibit more drunkorexic motivations and behaviors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, Cross-sectional study.
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10
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Pompili S, Bianchi D, Di Tata D, Zammuto M, Lonigro A, Laghi F. Investigating the relationship between food and alcohol disturbance and coping styles among young adults. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zammuto
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Foster S, O'Mealey M, Farmer C, Carvallo M. The impact of snapchat usage on drunkorexia behaviors in college women. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:864-874. [PMID: 32610032 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1775609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveResearch has shown the deleterious effects of drunkorexia behaviors. The goal of this project was to examine the impact of college women's Snapchat usage on drunkorexia behavior frequencies and motives, through comparing one's body to others and internal drives for thinness.Participants636 college women (Study 1 N = 109, Study 2 N = 527) were recruited from a large research institution in the Southwestern U.S.MethodsParticipants completed an online survey regarding Snapchat usage, body comparison indices, drive for thinness, and drunkorexia behaviors and motives.ResultsFindings support the hypotheses that Snapchat usage impacts drunkorexia behaviors in general (Study 1), and specific drunkorexia motives (Study 2). These effects were mediated by an index of body comparisons and drive for thinness.ConclusionsCollege women may be at risk for drunkorexia due to their experiences on social media. Aspects of the platform may be pushing women toward disturbed eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Foster
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Molly O'Mealey
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Claire Farmer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mauricio Carvallo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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12
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Pompili S, Di Tata D, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Zammuto M, Baiocco R, Longobardi E, Laghi F. Food and alcohol disturbance among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: risk and protective factors. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:769-780. [PMID: 34052989 PMCID: PMC8164478 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a significant impact on risk behaviors as alcohol use and disordered eating. However, little is known about a serious health-risk-behavior named "food and alcohol disturbance" (FAD), characterized by engaging in dysfunctional eating on days of planned alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential factors that may have put young adults at risk or protected against FAD during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS A sample of 447 young adults (280 females, 167 males; range 18-26) completed an online survey during the country's nationwide lockdown composed of self-reported measures assessing FAD behaviors, alcohol consumption, compensatory behaviors, eating and weight concerns, social support, emotion regulation strategies, and living arrangement. RESULTS Our findings showed that FAD was significantly and positively correlated to alcohol consumption, use of laxatives, self-induced vomiting, eating and weight concerns, and expressive suppression, and negatively correlated to social support and living with family. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption, eating concern, and expression suppression positively predicted FAD, while social support and living with family were negative predictors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that during the COVID-19 lockdown, preoccupation with eating and the use of expressive suppression may have increased vulnerability to FAD; conversely, perceived social support and living with family may have been a source of protection against this dysfunctional behavior. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zammuto
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiddia Longobardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Hill EM, Ruark R. An examination of the role of social comparison orientation and social norms in drunkorexia engagement. Addict Behav 2022; 124:107107. [PMID: 34530208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drunkorexia is a behavior pattern marked by calorie restriction and/or compensation in relation to alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of social norms (descriptive, injunctive) and social comparison orientation (SCO; global, alcohol-specific, eating disorder-related) in drunkorexia engagement. Specifically, our research aimed to examine a possible interaction between norms and SCO; we hypothesized that the relationship between social norms and drunkorexia would be moderated by SCO in that the relationship would be stronger among those elevated on SCO. Data were collected from an undergraduate sample (n = 501); participants completed the consent form and questions/questionnaires via Qualtrics. The results indicated that the predictor variables examined were correlated with overall drunkorexia engagement. In the regression models, in terms of main effects, eating disorder-related SCO emerged as the strongest predictor of the drunkorexia dimensions as well as overall drunkorexia engagement. Descriptive norms emerged as the second strongest predictor in the models. Only one interaction was identified; eating disorder-related SCO moderated the relationship between descriptive norms and the bulimia drunkorexia dimension. The simple slopes analysis indicated that descriptive norms was positively predictive of the bulimia drunkorexia dimension only among individuals with average or elevated eating disorder-related SCO. Social comparisons made regarding one's body, eating, or exercise (eating disorder-related) and social norms are potentially important targets for drunkorexia prevention and/or intervention programs. Further research is needed to better understand risk factors for drunkorexia engagement in the college population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Hill
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA.
| | - Robert Ruark
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
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14
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Michael ML, Witte TH. Traumatic stress and alcohol-related disordered eating in a college sample. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:806-811. [PMID: 31944908 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and disordered eating behaviors related to alcohol consumption (i.e., "drunkorexia"). Participants: Participants were 478 undergraduate students at a university in the southeastern United States. Method: Participants completed online self-report questionnaires related to alcohol-related disordered eating and compensatory behaviors, posttraumatic stress symptoms, problematic drinking, and weight and shape concerns. Results: Results found that posttraumatic stress symptoms, body weight and shape concerns, and problematic drinking were independent predictors of alcohol-related disordered eating. Conclusion: These findings confirm previous research that symptoms of eating disorders and symptoms of problem drinking predict disordered eating patterns surrounding alcohol use and further indicate that trauma may play an important role in such behaviors. Results have implications for trauma-informed treatment for college students presenting with "drunkorexia."
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Michael
- Center for Weight and Lifestyle Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tricia H Witte
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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15
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Purkiewicz A, Kamelska-Sadowska AM, Ciborska J, Mikulska J, Pietrzak-Fiećko R. Risk Factors for Eating Disorders and Perception of Body in Young Adults Associated with Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082819. [PMID: 34444979 PMCID: PMC8401797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of eating disorders (EDs) requires knowledge and can be used only when specific risk factors are known. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in food choices and eating behavior between males and females; (2) Methods: This study comprised 148 females and 27 males aged from 18 to 26-years-old (MEAN ± SD = 21.4 ± 1.86 years old). Information about EDs was obtained from four different measures: the body mass index (BMI), the eating disorder screen for primary care (ESP), a standardized and validated questionnaire called “My Eating Habits” and the food frequency questionnaire with 10 answers (FFQ-10); (3) Results: The risk for developing eating disorders was detected in nearly 67% of respondents. It was also shown that EDs were more common in females and how body weight affected the way individuals feel about themselves. Females showed more unhealthy eating habits, which contributed to dietary restrictions and emotional overeating, as they were also afraid of gaining weight. The frequency of eating meat and drinking alcohol was higher in males, whereas eating legume seeds was less frequent in females. (4) Conclusions: This study opens a new field, which will help health care professionals recognize the problems with eating disorders and treat them based on different sex characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Purkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Sciences and Food Research, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.-F.)
| | - Anna Malwina Kamelska-Sadowska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Ciborska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Julia Mikulska
- Cosmetology, Trichology, Dietetics Julia Mikulska, 11-500 Giżycko, Poland;
| | - Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
- Department of Commodity Sciences and Food Research, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.-F.)
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16
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Booker R, Novik M, Galloway R, Holmes ME. Relationship between physical activity intensities and drunkorexia severity among first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:689-692. [PMID: 32045319 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1710151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigate the relationship between intensities of physical activity and severity of drunkorexia behaviors. Participants: First-year college students living in residence halls (n = 127) completed an online survey comprising drinking, drunkorexia, and physical activity. Methods: Multiple hierarchical linear regressions were implemented to examine if physical activity intensity correlates to drunkorexia severity. Results: Vigorous physical activity was the only physical activity intensity significantly associated with severity of drunkorexia behaviors. Conclusions: First-year college students' duration of vigorous physical activity in relation to severity of drunkorexia behaviors may vary contingently on the motivation for vigorous physical activity. Practitioners need to consider physical activity can be a co-occurring risk behavior in combination with alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Melinda Novik
- Department of Kinesiology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Riley Galloway
- Department of Kinesiology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Megan E Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
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17
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Hunt RA, Levinson CA, Peiper NC. Leveraging general risk surveillance to reduce suicide in early adolescents: Associations between suicidality, disordered eating, and other developmental risk factors. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:247-254. [PMID: 33876496 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a leading cause of death in early adolescents (i.e., children ages 11-14), underscoring the need for a more complex understanding of suicidality in youth. Syndemics framework posits that the overlap of multiple maladaptive behaviors (or risk factors) produces worse health outcomes compared to each behavior alone. The use of this framework in preventing suicide necessitates that identification of developmental risk factors that occur in tandem to suicide (e.g., disordered eating behaviors and substance use) may be important for intervening on those at greatest risk of suicide. METHOD The present study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to evaluate the relationship between suicidality and disordered eating behaviors in early adolescence, and associations with other developmental risk factors in an epidemiological sample of middle school students (N = 3,811). RESULTS Lifetime prevalence ranged from 6.8% to 18.2% for suicidality, and 5.3%-48.7% for disordered eating behavior. Our final model identified six independent classes, and each class had differential associations with several additional developmental risk factors. CONCLUSION By pinpointing specific classes of individuals who may be at risk for multiple developmental risk factors, our results have important implications for public health intervention and prevention efforts for a wide range of adolescent risk behaviors, including suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan A Hunt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas C Peiper
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Louisville Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Louisville, KY, USA
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18
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Binge eating and alcohol consumption: an integrative review. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:759-769. [PMID: 32424561 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship between binge eating and alcohol consumption. METHODS This is an integrative literature review of publications from 2015 to 2019, using the Pubmed, Cinhahl, Psynet, Lilacs, Embase and Web of Science virtual databases and the descriptors ("Binge-Eating" OR "Bulimia") AND Alcohol* in English, Spanish and Portuguese. RESULTS A total of 964 articles were found. After reading the titles and abstracts and excluding duplicates, 36 articles were included in the final sample (35 in English and one in Portuguese). They were grouped into three thematic categories: "sample profile and characterization", "genetic and environmental factors", and "emotions and behavior". CONCLUSIONS The data indicate the existence of a relationship between binge eating and alcohol use, and some factors were associated with this comorbidity. Still, there were few publications on the theme at the national level, indicating the need for developing more research. These findings may support therapeutic actions and strategies for identification of cases, embracing approaches and more effective treatments to meet the individual's biopsychosocial demands. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, narrative review.
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19
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Hill EM, Nolan MT. Examining eating disorder-related social comparison orientation and body dissatisfaction in the relationship between fit ideal internalization and drunkorexia engagement. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101480. [PMID: 33631489 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between fit ideal internalization and drunkorexia engagement in women. Specifically, in line with the Tripartite Influence Model, we examined the indirect effect of fit ideal internalization on drunkorexia through eating disorder-related social comparison orientation and body dissatisfaction. Data were collected from two samples of women-college undergraduate students (n = 198) and women recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 324)-in order to test the model across the two groups. All participants completed the consent forms and then questionnaires via Qualtrics between March and June 2020. The results suggest that fit ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder-related social comparison orientation are linked to drunkorexia. More specifically, multigroup path analyses indicated that there was an indirect effect of fit ideal internalization on drunkorexia via eating disorder-related social comparison orientation but not through body dissatisfaction. In examining the role of different types of eating disorder-related social comparison orientation (body, eating, exercise) in the model, more nuanced patterns emerged across the samples. Future research examining potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between eating disorder-related social comparison orientation and drunkorexia would be beneficial in expanding this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Hill
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, United States of America.
| | - Megan T Nolan
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, United States of America
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20
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Exploring the association between psychological distress and drunkorexia behaviors in non-clinical adolescents: the moderating role of emotional dysregulation. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:797-806. [PMID: 32356142 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although drunkorexia seems to represent a new form of eating disorder, it shares several features with traditional eating disorders. However, very little is known about the association between drunkorexia and a widely studied correlate of eating disorders, such as psychological distress and about mechanisms underlying this association. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between symptoms of anxiety and depression and drunkorexia, and to explore the role of emotional dysregulation as moderator of this relationship. METHODS The sample was composed of 402 adolescents (222 females, 180 males; range 15-21) who completed self-reported measures: Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scale, which assesses different behaviors and motivations associated with drunkorexia, Emotional dysregulation scale from the Eating Disorder Inventory-3, reflecting difficulties regulating emotions, and Anxiety and Depression scales from the Symptom CheckList-90 Revised, assessing general signs of anxious and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Anxious symptomatology resulted a significant statistical predictor of drunkorexia behaviors (β = .28, p = .001). Furthermore, emotional dysregulation moderated the relation between anxiety and drunkorexia; specifically, a positive relation was found both at medium levels (β = .22, p = .007) and at higher levels of emotional dysregulation (β = .38, p = .000), whereas at lower levels of emotional dysregulation, this association became nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that adolescents who experience both elevated anxiety and emotional dysregulation may be more likely to turn to drunkorexia to reduce their unregulated negative affect in the absence of more adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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21
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Azzi V, Hallit S, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Brytek-Matera A. Drunkorexia and Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Disordered Eating Attitudes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052690. [PMID: 33800011 PMCID: PMC7967414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drunorexia refers to food calorie intake restriction to prevent weight gain and the desire to enhance the more extensive intoxicating effects of alcohol. The present study aimed to investigate the association of drunkorexia with emotion regulation as well as emotion regulation difficulties across the Lebanese population, and assess disordered eating attitudes as a potential mediator of these relationships. The cross-sectional study enrolled participants (n = 258) from all Lebanese districts. The study was performed through an online survey based on a self-designed and structured questionnaire. The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales (DMBS), the College Life Alcohol Salience Scale (CLASS), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used in the present study. The results showed that higher EAT-26 total scores (more disordered eating attitudes) (B = 0.16) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.30) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives. Also, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.17) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. In addition, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.10) and higher DERS-26 total score (B = 0.36) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails. Furthermore, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.07), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.37) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.22) were significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.21), higher DERS-16 total scores (B = 0.65) and higher emotion regulation (B = 0.33) were significantly associated with higher CLASS scores. The results showed that EAT-26 total scores partially mediated the association between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia motives (25.20%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia behaviors (25.16%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia fails (106.87%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event (11.84%), between DERS-16 total score and post-drinking compensation (22.55%), between ERQ total score and college life alcohol salience (8.35%) and between DERS-16 total score and college life alcohol salience (20.14%). This study highlighted that only emotional regulation difficulties were associated with drunkorexia, whereas emotional regulation was not significantly associated with such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon;
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon;
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1083, Lebanon;
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (A.B.-M.)
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Examining the role of body esteem and sensation seeking in drunkorexia behaviors. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1507-1513. [PMID: 31587177 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of body esteem (BE), sensation seeking (SS), and their interaction in drunkorexia, a behavior pattern marked by calorie restriction/compensation in the context of alcohol consumption. While previous research on drunkorexia has focused on a range of variables, the present study examined two novel variables and their potential interaction: body esteem (weight, appearance) and sensation seeking. METHODS A sample of college students (n =488) completed the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale, which measures overall drunkorexia engagement as well as four dimensions: alcohol effects, bulimia, dietary restraint and exercise, and restriction. RESULTS Moderated linear regression analyses indicated that SS and BE (weight, appearance) did not interact in predicting drunkorexia. Rather, only main effects were observed; SS, weight esteem (WE), and appearance esteem (AE) were significant in predicting overall drunkorexia engagement. In terms of the drunkorexia dimensions, AE was a significant predictor in the alcohol effects, dietary restraint and exercise, and restriction models. WE was significant in the dietary restraint and exercise model as well as the restriction model. SS was a significant predictor across all drunkorexia dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both elevated SS and lowered BE are associated with drunkorexia engagement. Implications for practice are discussed. Drunkorexia is a complex and multifaceted behavior pattern; therefore, further research is needed in this area of study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V (descriptive study).
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Emotion dysregulation as a correlate of food and alcohol disturbance in undergraduate students. Eat Behav 2020; 38:101409. [PMID: 32585563 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating behaviors (e.g., binge eating, food restriction, self-induced vomiting, and laxative use) as well as alcohol use and related issues are prevalent in undergraduate students and are often comorbid with one another. Recently, the unique combination of these behaviors, termed food and alcohol disturbance (FAD), has received empirical attention. FAD involves compensatory behaviors performed in preparation for, or in response to, alcohol use in order to counteract calories consumed from alcohol and/or to increase intoxication. Research on FAD is sparse; in particular, there is a lack of consensus regarding potential gender differences in FAD and a lack of knowledge concerning psychological correlates of these behaviors. Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic correlate of psychopathology, including disordered eating and alcohol use, and therefore may relate to FAD. The present study used a cross-sectional design to examine associations between emotion dysregulation and FAD, as well as gender differences in this relationship, in a sample of male and female undergraduate students (N = 417; 51.8% female). There were no gender differences in FAD, and the associations between emotion dysregulation and FAD did not vary among men and women. FAD was positively associated with emotion dysregulation at the bivariate level, but emotion dysregulation was not uniquely associated with FAD after accounting for disordered eating, alcohol use and problems, and body mass index. Future research should extend the current findings by examining temporal associations between emotions, emotion dysregulation, and FAD.
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24
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Psychological characteristics and eating attitudes in adolescents with drunkorexia behavior: an exploratory study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:709-718. [PMID: 30888609 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drunkorexia represents an emerging phenomenon that is still understudied especially among adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between drunkorexia and psychological characteristics relevant and commonly associated with existing forms of eating disorders. METHODS The sample was composed of 849 adolescents (513 boys, 334 girls, 2 unknown; range 14-22) who completed a survey composed of Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale and Psychological scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-3. RESULTS Our findings highlighted that drunkorexia was associated with low self-esteem, personal alienation, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and asceticism. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that difficulties with emotion regulation and ascetic tendencies were significant predictors of drunkorexia among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the importance for programs preventing drunkorexia to be focused on training adolescents in using more adaptive strategies to manage emotions and accepting both emotional and physical signals without feeling guilty or threatened. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Laghi F, Pompili S, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Dysfunctional metacognition processes as risk factors for drunkorexia during adolescence. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:291-300. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1756709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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College students’ engagement in drunkorexia: Examining the role of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, narcissism, and Greek affiliation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peralta RL, Schnellinger RP, Wade JM, Barr PB, Carter JR. The association between Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD), race, and ethnic identity belonging. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:705-714. [PMID: 31165446 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of literature has established that food and alcohol disturbance (FAD: decreasing one's caloric intake in preparation for alcohol consumption) is a specific health risk that endangers health and wellbeing. Recent research on trends in FAD has revealed ethno-racial disparities. A sociological analysis is helpful to center race and examine the role of ethnic identity in reproducing health disparities. The current study is guided by theories of socialization into ideal body types by race. METHODS Study uses data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among college students. The sample includes White and Black American college students, ages 18-25, and uses ordinal logistic regression to test for the impact of race and ethnic identity on engagement in FAD using the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS). RESULTS FAD prevalence was lower among Black Americans than among White Americans in the sample. Results from ordered logistic regression models indicate that stronger ethnic ties reduce likelihood of FAD among Black Americans but have the opposite effect among White Americans. This modification effect provides evidence that ethnic identity belonging protects against FAD for Black Americans but acts as a risk factor for FAD among White Americans. CONCLUSIONS Findings shed light on the documented racial disparities in FAD and weight control behavior more broadly. Ethnic identity modifies the relationship between race and FAD in our sample. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Peralta
- Department of Sociology, The University of Akron, 260 Olin Hall, Akron, OH, 44325-1905, USA.
| | - Rusty P Schnellinger
- Department of Sociology, Kent State University, 700 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Jeannette M Wade
- Department of Social Work and Sociology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1203 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 8 N. Harrison St., Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - James R Carter
- Department of Sociology, The University of Akron, 260 Olin Hall, Akron, OH, 44325-1905, USA
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Laghi F, Liga F, Pompili S. Adolescents who binge eat and drink: The role of emotion regulation. J Addict Dis 2019; 37:77-86. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2018.1553458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Pompili S, Baiocco R. Emotion regulation and alcohol abuse in second-generation immigrant adolescents: The protective role of cognitive reappraisal. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:513-524. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105318820715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual predictors of drinking behaviors among second-generation immigrant adolescents are still understudied. This study investigated emotion regulation strategies and alcohol abuse in 472 adolescents (86 second-generation immigrants and 386 Italian natives; age range: 17–18). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used to assess cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, and alcohol abuse, respectively. Immigrants reported lower alcohol abuse than natives. A negative relationship between cognitive reappraisal and alcohol abuse was found for immigrants, but not for natives. Specifically, cognitive reappraisal was a protective factor against alcohol abuse only for immigrant adolescents. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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