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Yaugel-Novoa M, Noailly B, Jospin F, Pizzorno A, Traversier A, Pozzetto B, Waeckel L, Longet S, Pillet S, Botelho-Nevers E, Rosa-Calatrava M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2401940. [PMID: 39358866 PMCID: PMC11451292 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2401940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing particularly on the systemic humoral immune response and the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgA antibodies play a crucial role in protecting against respiratory viral infections but have also been associated with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. We performed a prospective study of 169 COVID-19 patients - 50 with critical/severe (ICU), 47 with moderate (Non-ICU), and 72 with asymptomatic COVID-19 - to explore the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that the early systemic IgA response strongly induced in patients with severe disease did not block IgG neutralization functions and activated FcRs more effectively than IgG. However, even if SIgA levels were high, mucosal IgA antibodies could not control the infection effectively in patients with severe disease. Our findings highlight the complexity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 exhibiting high systemic levels of IgA with strong neutralizing capacity in severe cases, together with higher levels of IgA-FcR activation than in asymptomatic patients. They also suggest the need for further research to fully understand the role of IgA and its structural alterations in mucosal tissues in cases of severe disease and the impact of these antibodies on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Noailly
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Lead contact
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2
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Younes S, Nicolai E, Younes N, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Nizamuddin PB, Al-Sadeq DW, Daas HI, Ismail A, Yassine HM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Nasrallah GK. Comparable antibody levels in heterologous and homologous mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, with superior neutralizing and IgA antibody responses in mRNA homologous boosting. Vaccine 2024; 42:126042. [PMID: 38845303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priming with two doses of AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; ChAd) followed by a third mRNA vaccine boosting is considered in several countries, yet comparisons between heterologous and homologous booster efficacy remain unexplored. AIM To evaluate and contrast the immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous boosting regimens. METHOD The study examined antibody responses in 1113 subjects, comprising 895 vaccine-naïve individuals across different vaccination strategies (partial, primary series, heterologous booster, homologous booster) and 218 unvaccinated, naturally infected individuals. Assessments included neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA levels. RESULTS The study found mRNA vaccines to exhibit superior immunogenicity in primary series vaccination compared to ChAd, with mRNA-1273 significantly enhancing NTAbs, TAbs, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA levels (p < 0.001). Both booster types improved antibody levels beyond primary outcomes, with no significant difference in TAbs and anti-S-RBD IgG levels between regimens. However, homologous mRNA boosters significantly outperformed heterologous boosters in enhancing NTAbs and anti-S1 IgA levels, with the BNT/BNT/BNT regimen yielding particularly higher enhancements (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study concludes that although TAbs and anti-S-RBD IgG antibody levels are similar for both regimens, homologous mRNA boosting outperform heterologous regimen by enhancing anti-S1 IgA and neutralizing antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Parveen B Nizamuddin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanin I Daas
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
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3
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Galgut O, Ashford F, Deeks A, Ghataure A, Islam M, Sambhi T, Ker YW, Duncan CJ, de Silva TI, Hopkins S, Hall V, Klenerman P, Dunachie S, Richter A. COVID-19 vaccines are effective at preventing symptomatic and severe infection among healthcare workers: A clinical review. Vaccine X 2024; 20:100546. [PMID: 39221179 PMCID: PMC11364133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health care workers (HCWs) have been at increased risk of infection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and as essential workers have been prioritised for vaccination. Due to increased exposure HCW are considered a predictor of what might happen in the general population, particularly working age adults. This study aims to summarise effect of vaccination in this 'at risk' cohort. Methods Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and 358 individual articles were identified. Of these 49 met the inclusion criteria for review and 14 were included in a meta-analysis. Results Participants included were predominantly female and working age. Median time to infection was 51 days. Reported vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic infection, and infection requiring hospitalisation were between 5 and 100 %, 34 and 100 %, and 65 and 100 % (respectively). No vaccinated HCW deaths were recorded in any study. Pooled estimates of protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation were, respectively, 84.7 % (95 % CI 72.6-91.5 %, p < 0.0001), 86.0 % (95 % CI 67.2 %-94.0 %; p < 0.0001), and 96.1 % (95 % CI 90.4 %-98.4 %). Waning protection against infection was reported by four studies, although protection against hospitalisation for severe infection persists for at least 6 months post vaccination. Conclusions Vaccination against SARS-CoV2 in HCWs is protective against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation. Waning protection is reported but this awaits more mature studies to understand durability more clearly. This study is limited by varying non-pharmacological responses to COVID-19 between included studies, a predominantly female and working age population, and limited information on asymptomatic transmission or long COVID protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Galgut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Ashford
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Deeks
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andeep Ghataure
- College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mimia Islam
- College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tanvir Sambhi
- College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yiu Wayn Ker
- College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher J.A. Duncan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, PO Box 273, Fajara, the Gambia
| | - Susan Hopkins
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Hall
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NDM Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Zhou P, Watt J, Mai J, Cao H, Li Z, Chen Z, Duan R, Quan Y, Gingras AC, Rini JM, Hu J, Liu J. Intranasal HD-Ad-FS vaccine induces systemic and airway mucosal immunities against SARS-CoV-2 and systemic immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and hamsters. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1430928. [PMID: 39281669 PMCID: PMC11392758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has highlighted the demand for vaccines that are safe and effective in inducing systemic and airway mucosal immunity against the aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we developed a novel helper-dependent adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 mucosal vaccine encoding a full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (HD-Ad-FS). Through intranasal immunization (single-dose and prime-boost regimens), we demonstrated that the HD-Ad-FS was immunogenic and elicited potent systemic and airway mucosal protection in BALB/c mice, transgenic ACE2 (hACE2) mice, and hamsters. We detected high titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) in the vaccinated animals. High levels of spike-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) and IgG were induced in the airway of the vaccinated animals. The single-dose HD-Ad-FS elicited a strong immune response and protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the prime-boost vaccination induced cross-reactive serum NAbs against variants of concern (VOCs; Beta, Delta, and Omicron). After challenge, VOC infectious viral particles were at undetectable or minimal levels in the lower airway. Our findings highlight the potential of airway delivery of HD-Ad-FS as a safe and effective vaccine platform for generating mucosal protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its VOCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Mice
- Administration, Intranasal
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Cricetinae
- Female
- Humans
- Mice, Transgenic
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Mesocricetus
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Watt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juntao Mai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huibi Cao
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rongqi Duan
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Quan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James M Rini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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du Preez HN, Lin J, Maguire GEM, Aldous C, Kruger HG. COVID-19 vaccine adverse events: Evaluating the pathophysiology with an emphasis on sulfur metabolism and endotheliopathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14296. [PMID: 39118373 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we assess the pathophysiology of severe adverse events that presented after vaccination with DNA and mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. The focus is on the perspective of an undersulfated and degraded glycocalyx, considering its impact on immunomodulation, inflammatory responses, coagulation and oxidative stress. The paper explores various factors that lead to glutathione and inorganic sulfate depletion and their subsequent effect on glycocalyx sulfation and other metabolites, including hormones. Components of COVID-19 vaccines, such as DNA and mRNA material, spike protein antigen and lipid nanoparticles, are involved in possible cytotoxic effects. The common thread connecting these adverse events is endotheliopathy or glycocalyx degradation, caused by depleted glutathione and inorganic sulfate levels, shear stress from circulating nanoparticles, aggregation and formation of protein coronas; leading to imbalanced immune responses and chronic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology of severe adverse events, better treatment options can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N du Preez
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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6
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Lobaina Y, Chen R, Suzarte E, Ai P, Musacchio A, Lan Y, Chinea G, Tan C, Silva R, Guillen G, Yang K, Li W, Perera Y, Hermida L. A Nasal Vaccine Candidate, Containing Three Antigenic Regions from SARS-CoV-2, to Induce a Broader Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:588. [PMID: 38932317 PMCID: PMC11209543 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A chimeric protein, formed by two fragments of the conserved nucleocapsid (N) and S2 proteins from SARS-CoV-2, was obtained as a recombinant construct in Escherichia coli. The N fragment belongs to the C-terminal domain whereas the S2 fragment spans the fibre structure in the post-fusion conformation of the spike protein. The resultant protein, named S2NDH, was able to form spherical particles of 10 nm, which forms aggregates upon mixture with the CpG ODN-39M. Both preparations were recognized by positive COVID-19 human sera. The S2NDH + ODN-39M formulation administered by the intranasal route resulted highly immunogenic in Balb/c mice. It induced cross-reactive anti-N humoral immunity in both sera and bronchoalveolar fluids, under a Th1 pattern. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was also broad, with positive response even against the N protein of SARS-CoV-1. However, neither neutralizing antibodies (NAb) nor CMI against the S2 region were obtained. As alternative, the RBD protein was included in the formulation as inducer of NAb. Upon evaluation in mice by the intranasal route, a clear adjuvant effect was detected for the S2NDH + ODN-39M preparation over RBD. High levels of NAb were induced against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. The bivalent formulation S2NDH + ODN-39M + RBD, administered by the intranasal route, constitutes an attractive proposal as booster vaccine of sarbecovirus scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Lobaina
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- R&D Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Edith Suzarte
- Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (E.S.); (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Panchao Ai
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Alexis Musacchio
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- R&D Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (E.S.); (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Yaqin Lan
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Glay Chinea
- Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (E.S.); (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Changyuan Tan
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Science and Innovation Directorate, BioCubaFarma, Independence Avenue, No. 8126, Corner 100 Street, Havana 10800, Cuba;
| | - Gerardo Guillen
- Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (E.S.); (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Ke Yang
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Yasser Perera
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- R&D Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (E.S.); (G.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Lisset Hermida
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China; (Y.L.); (R.C.); (P.A.); (A.M.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (K.Y.); (W.L.)
- R&D Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co., Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
- Science and Innovation Directorate, BioCubaFarma, Independence Avenue, No. 8126, Corner 100 Street, Havana 10800, Cuba;
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7
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Warner BM, Yates JGE, Vendramelli R, Truong T, Meilleur C, Chan L, Leacy A, Pham PH, Pei Y, Susta L, Wootton SK, Kobasa D. Intranasal vaccination with an NDV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protects against Delta and Omicron challenges. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:90. [PMID: 38782986 PMCID: PMC11116387 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development and deployment of vaccines following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been estimated to have saved millions of lives. Despite their immense success, there remains a need for next-generation vaccination approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses. Here we utilized a Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccine expressing the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a pre-fusion stabilized chimeric conformation (NDV-PFS). When delivered intranasally, NDV-PFS protected both Syrian hamsters and K18 mice against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, intranasal vaccination induced robust, durable protection that was extended to 6 months post-vaccination. Overall, our data provide evidence that NDV-vectored vaccines represent a viable next-generation mucosal vaccination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Courtney Meilleur
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Leacy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Phuc H Pham
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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8
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Silva ETT, Furtado FB, da Silveira RA, Tasca KI, Silva CN, Godoy AT, de Moraes LN, Hong MV, Alves CG, Simões RP, Kubo AMS, Fortaleza CMCB, Pereira-Lima MC, Valente GT, Grotto RMT. Saliva as a Biological Fluid in SARS-CoV-2 Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:922. [PMID: 38732336 PMCID: PMC11083664 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymerase chain reaction of upper respiratory tract swab samples was established as the gold standard procedure for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID pandemic. However, saliva collection has attracted attention as an alternative diagnostic collection method. The goal of this study was to compare the use of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Ninety-nine paired samples were evaluated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by saliva and swab for a qualitative diagnosis and quantitative comparison of viral particles. Furthermore, the detection limits for each sample collection technique were determined. The cycle threshold (CT) values of the saliva samples, the vaccination status, and the financial costs associated with each collection technique were compared. RESULTS The results showed qualitative equivalence in diagnosis (96.96%) comparing saliva and swab collection, although there was low quantitative agreement. Furthermore, the detection limit test demonstrated equivalence for both collection methods. We did not observe a statistically significant association between CT values and vaccination status, indicating that the vaccine had no influence on viral load at diagnosis. Finally, we observed that the use of saliva incurs lower financial costs and requires less use of plastic materials, making it more sustainable. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the adoption of saliva collection as a feasible and sustainable alternative to the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Thalia Teixeira Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Fabiana Barcelos Furtado
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Rosana Antunes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Karen Ingrid Tasca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis, and Radiotherapy, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (K.I.T.); (M.V.H.); (C.G.A.); (C.M.C.B.F.)
| | - Cristiane Nonato Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Amanda Thais Godoy
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Leonardo Nazario de Moraes
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Michelle Venancio Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis, and Radiotherapy, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (K.I.T.); (M.V.H.); (C.G.A.); (C.M.C.B.F.)
| | - Camila Gonçalves Alves
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis, and Radiotherapy, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (K.I.T.); (M.V.H.); (C.G.A.); (C.M.C.B.F.)
| | - Rafael Plana Simões
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Agatha Mayume Silva Kubo
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis, and Radiotherapy, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (K.I.T.); (M.V.H.); (C.G.A.); (C.M.C.B.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Pereira-Lima
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Targino Valente
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
| | - Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (E.T.T.S.); (F.B.F.); (R.A.d.S.); (C.N.S.); (A.T.G.); (L.N.d.M.); (A.M.S.K.)
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
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9
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Alroqi F, Barhoumi T, Masuadi E, Nogoud M, Aljedaie M, Abu-Jaffal AS, Bokhamseen M, Saud M, Hakami M, Arabi YM, Nasr A. Durability of COVID-19 humoral immunity post infection and different SARS-COV-2 vaccines. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:704-711. [PMID: 38479067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global challenge posed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major concern for the healthcare sector in recent years. Healthcare workers have a relatively high risk of encountering COVID-19 patients, making protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a priority for them. This study aims to evaluate the longitudinal measurement of SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike protein antibodies in healthcare workers (HCWs) after COVID-19 infection and after receiving the first and second doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222). METHODS This longitudinal cohort study involved 311 healthcare workers working in two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. All participants were followed between July 2020 and July 2022 after completing the study questionnaire. A total of 3 ml of the blood samples were collected at four intervals: before/after vaccination. RESULTS HCWs post-infection had lower mean SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels three months post-infection than post-vaccination. 92.2% had positive IgG levels two weeks after the first dose and reached 100% after the second dose. Over 98% had positive antibodies nine months after the second dose, regardless of vaccine type. The number of neutralizing antibodies decreased and was around 50% at nine months after the second dose. CONCLUSION The results show different antibody patterns between infected and vaccinated HCWs. A high proportion of participants had positive antibodies after vaccination, with high levels persisting nine months after the second dose. Neutralizing antibodies decreased over time, with only about 50% of participants having positive antibodies nine months after the second dose. These results contribute to our understanding of immunity in healthcare workers and highlight the need for the continuous monitoring and possible booster strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayhan Alroqi
- Department of Paediatric, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maysa Nogoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Aljedaie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Selah Abu-Jaffal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Bokhamseen
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Myaad Saud
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maumonah Hakami
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M Arabi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amre Nasr
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Xing M, Hu G, Wang X, Wang Y, He F, Dai W, Wang X, Niu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang X, Xu J, Cai Q, Zhou D. An intranasal combination vaccine induces systemic and mucosal immunity against COVID-19 and influenza. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:64. [PMID: 38509167 PMCID: PMC10954707 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite prolonged surveillance and interventions, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to pose a severe global health burden. Thus, we developed a chimpanzee adenovirus-based combination vaccine, AdC68-HATRBD, with dual specificity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. When used as a standalone vaccine, intranasal immunization with AdC68-HATRBD induced comprehensive and potent immune responses consisting of immunoglobin (Ig) G, mucosal IgA, neutralizing antibodies, and memory T cells, which protected the mice from BA.5.2 and pandemic H1N1 infections. When used as a heterologous booster, AdC68-HATRBD markedly improved the protective immune response of the licensed SARS-CoV-2 or influenza vaccine. Therefore, whether administered intranasally as a standalone or booster vaccine, this combination vaccine is a valuable strategy to enhance the overall vaccine efficacy by inducing robust systemic and mucosal immune responses, thereby conferring dual lines of immunological defenses for these two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Weiqian Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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11
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Najary S, Vatankhah M, Khadivi G, Salehi SN, Tabari MAK, Samieefar N, Behnaz M. A comprehensive review of oral microenvironment changes and orofacial adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1967. [PMID: 38482134 PMCID: PMC10935892 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have the potential to alter several biological systems concurrently with remolding the immune system, most of which are related to immunization, while some others are known as adverse effects. This review aims to explore the potential effects of vaccination on the oral microenvironment and classifies them as good, bad, or ugly, with a brief review of facial diseases following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. METHODS This study was a comprehensive review conducted through searching related articles in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS On one side, the "Good" impacts of vaccination on the oro-nasal mucosa are explained as if the mucosal immune responses followed by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are enough to provide immunity. On the other side, the possible "Bad" and "Ugly" effects of the vaccine, which manifest as orofacial adverse events and autoimmune reactivations, respectively, should be noted. Exacerbation of pre-existing autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccines could affect different biological systems alongside stimulating the immune system, and some of these effects are referred to as adverse effects. Nonetheless, these adverse effects are treatable, and healthcare professionals should not prevent patients from taking the first available vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Najary
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Vatankhah
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of DentistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gita Khadivi
- School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyyede N. Salehi
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Dentistry Student, Executive Secretary of Research Committee, Board Director of Scientific Society, Dental FacultyIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mohammad A. K. Tabari
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- USERN OfficeMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Mohammad Behnaz
- USERN OfficeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of DentistryShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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12
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Abela IA, Schwarzmüller M, Ulyte A, Radtke T, Haile SR, Ammann P, Raineri A, Rueegg S, Epp S, Berger C, Böni J, Manrique A, Audigé A, Huber M, Schreiber PW, Scheier T, Fehr J, Weber J, Rusert P, Günthard HF, Kouyos RD, Puhan MA, Kriemler S, Trkola A, Pasin C. Cross-protective HCoV immunity reduces symptom development during SARS-CoV-2 infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0272223. [PMID: 38270455 PMCID: PMC10865973 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02722-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical parameters link to severe coronavirus disease 2019, but factors that prevent symptomatic disease remain unknown. We investigated the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) antibody responses on symptoms in a longitudinal children cohort (n = 2,917) and a cross-sectional cohort including children and adults (n = 882), all first exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (March 2020 to March 2021) in Switzerland. Saliva (n = 4,993) and plasma (n = 7,486) antibody reactivity to the four HCoVs (subunit S1 [S1]) and SARS-CoV-2 (S1, receptor binding domain, subunit S2 [S2], nucleocapsid protein) was determined along with neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron (BA.2) in a subset of individuals. Inferred recent SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a strong correlation between mucosal and systemic SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike responses. Individuals with pre-existing HCoV-S1 reactivity exhibited significantly higher antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in both plasma (IgG regression coefficients = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.09, 0.32], P < 0.001) and saliva (IgG regression coefficient = 0.60, 95% CI = [0.088, 1.11], P = 0.025). Saliva neutralization activity was modest but surprisingly broad, retaining activity against Wuhan (median NT50 = 32.0, 1Q-3Q = [16.4, 50.2]), Alpha (median NT50 = 34.9, 1Q-3Q = [26.0, 46.6]), and Delta (median NT50 = 28.0, 1Q-3Q = [19.9, 41.7]). In line with a rapid mucosal defense triggered by cross-reactive HCoV immunity, asymptomatic individuals presented with higher pre-existing HCoV-S1 activity in plasma (IgG HKU1, odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, 95% CI = [0.29,0.97], P = 0.038) and saliva (total HCoV, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = [0.33, 0.91], P = 0.019) and higher SARS-CoV-2 reactivity in saliva (IgG S2 fold change = 1.26, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.54], P = 0.030). By investigating the systemic and mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in a population without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination, we identified specific antibody reactivities associated with lack of symptom development.IMPORTANCEKnowledge of the interplay between human coronavirus (HCoV) immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding the coexistence of current endemic coronaviruses and to building knowledge potential future zoonotic coronavirus transmissions. This study, which retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of individuals first exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland in 2020-2021, revealed several key findings. Pre-existing HCoV immunity, particularly mucosal antibody responses, played a significant role in improving SARS-CoV-2 immune response upon infection and reducing symptoms development. Mucosal neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2, although low in magnitude, retained activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants underlining the importance of maintaining local mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2. While the cross-protective effect of HCoV immunity was not sufficient to block infection by SARS-CoV-2, the present study revealed a remarkable impact on limiting symptomatic disease. These findings support the feasibility of generating pan-protective coronavirus vaccines by inducing potent mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Abela
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Agne Ulyte
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R. Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Priska Ammann
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Raineri
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Rueegg
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Epp
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Böni
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amapola Manrique
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter W. Schreiber
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Scheier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Fehr
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Weber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rusert
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F. Günthard
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger D. Kouyos
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Collegium Helveticum, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Winklmeier S, Rübsamen H, Özdemir C, Wratil PR, Lupoli G, Stern M, Schneider C, Eisenhut K, Ho S, Wong HK, Taskin D, Petry M, Weigand M, Eichhorn P, Foesel BU, Mader S, Keppler OT, Kümpfel T, Meinl E. Intramuscular vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 transiently induces neutralizing IgG rather than IgA in the saliva. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330864. [PMID: 38375482 PMCID: PMC10875124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immunity is crucial for restricting SARS-CoV-2 at its entry site. Intramuscularly applied vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 stimulate high levels of neutralizing Abs in serum, but the impact of these intramuscular vaccinations on features of mucosal immunity is less clear. Here, we analyzed kinetic and functional properties of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs in the saliva after vaccination with BNT162b2. We analyzed a total of 24 healthy donors longitudinally for up to 16 months. We found that specific IgG appeared in the saliva after the second vaccination, declined thereafter and reappeared after the third vaccination. Adjusting serum and saliva for the same IgG concentration revealed a strong correlation between the reactivity in these two compartments. Reactivity to VoCs correlated strongly as seen by ELISAs against RBD variants and by live-virus neutralizing assays against replication-competent viruses. For further functional analysis, we purified IgG and IgA from serum and saliva. In vaccinated donors we found neutralizing activity towards authentic virus in the IgG, but not in the IgA fraction of the saliva. In contrast, IgA with neutralizing activity appeared in the saliva only after breakthrough infection. In serum, we found neutralizing activity in both the IgA and IgG fractions. Together, we show that intramuscular mRNA vaccination transiently induces a mucosal immunity that is mediated by IgG and thus differs from the mucosal immunity after infection. Waning of specific mucosal IgG might be linked to susceptibility for breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ceren Özdemir
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul R. Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Celine Schneider
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenhut
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Samantha Ho
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hoi Kiu Wong
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marvin Petry
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Weigand
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel U. Foesel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Mader
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
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14
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Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Mahony TJ, Briody TE, Ommeh SC. Can the Revolution in mRNA-Based Vaccine Technologies Solve the Intractable Health Issues of Current Ruminant Production Systems? Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 38400135 PMCID: PMC10893269 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To achieve the World Health Organization's global Sustainable Development Goals, increased production of high-quality protein for human consumption is required while minimizing, ideally reducing, environmental impacts. One way to achieve these goals is to address losses within current livestock production systems. Infectious diseases are key limiters of edible protein production, affecting both quantity and quality. In addition, some of these diseases are zoonotic threats and potential contributors to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination has proven to be highly successful in controlling and even eliminating several livestock diseases of economic importance. However, many livestock diseases, both existing and emerging, have proven to be recalcitrant targets for conventional vaccination technologies. The threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented global investment in vaccine technologies to accelerate the development of safe and efficacious vaccines. While several vaccination platforms emerged as front runners to meet this challenge, the clear winner is mRNA-based vaccination. The challenge now is for livestock industries and relevant stakeholders to harness these rapid advances in vaccination to address key diseases affecting livestock production. This review examines the key features of mRNA vaccines, as this technology has the potential to control infectious diseases of importance to livestock production that have proven otherwise difficult to control using conventional approaches. This review focuses on the challenging diseases of ruminants due to their importance in global protein production. Overall, the current literature suggests that, while mRNA vaccines have the potential to address challenges in veterinary medicine, further developments are likely to be required for this promise to be realized for ruminant and other livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.E.B.); (S.C.O.)
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16
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yoshimura M, Sakamoto A, Ozuru R, Kurihara Y, Itoh R, Ishii K, Shimizu A, Chou B, Sechi Y, Fujikane A, Nabeshima S, Hiromatsu K. Insufficient anti-spike RBD IgA responses after triple vaccination with intramuscular mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23595. [PMID: 38187240 PMCID: PMC10770545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine whether the parenterally administered mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines can induce sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We examined the longitudinal kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG responses in sera of Japanese healthcare workers (HCWs) after receiving two doses and the third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. During the prospective cohort study, Omicron breakthrough infections occurred in 62 participants among 370 HCWs who had received triple doses of the vaccine. Pre-breakthrough sera of infected HCWs and non-infected HCWs were examined for the levels of anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers. Results The seropositivity of anti-RBD IgA at 1 M after the second vaccine (2D-1M) and after the third dose (3D-1M) was 65.4% and 87.4%, respectively, and wanes quickly. The boosting effect on anti-RBD Ab titers following breakthrough infections was more notable for anti-RBD IgA than for IgG. There were partial cause-relationships between the lower anti-RBD IgA or IgG at pre-breakthrough sera and the breakthrough infection. Conclusions Parenterally administered COVID-19 vaccines do not generate sufficient mucosal-type IgA responses despite strong systemic IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2. These results demonstrate the necessity and importance of reevaluating vaccine design and scheduling to efficiently increase oral or respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Sakamoto
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryo Ozuru
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ryota Itoh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Bin Chou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sechi
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Aya Fujikane
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenji Hiromatsu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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18
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Ota K, Sakai H, Sasaki D, Mitsumoto-Kaseida F, Sakamoto K, Kosai K, Hasegawa H, Takazono T, Izumikawa K, Mukae H, Tun MMN, Morita K, Yanagihara K. Rapid increase in salivary IgA and broad recognition of spike protein following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Virus Res 2024; 339:199294. [PMID: 38056502 PMCID: PMC10749273 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a key component of mucosal immunity, which protects the oral cavity from viral infections. However, salivary immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in terms of immunoglobulin dynamics and recognition, have not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, saliva samples were collected from individuals that received SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA against whole spike protein and S1 protein were measured. IgA against whole spike protein increased significantly following vaccination, while IgA against S1 protein did not. Of note, the IgA response was evident two weeks after the first vaccine dose and continued to rise thereafter. On the contrary, IgG antibodies against S1 increased significantly at four weeks after vaccination. These results reveal the dynamics and recognition antigens of immunoglobulins in saliva, indicating the function of IgA in the mucosal immune system. These findings may pave the way for further studies on mucosal immune response induced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hironori Sakai
- CellSpect Co. Ltd., 2-4, Kita Iioka, Morioka, Iwate 020-0857, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Fujiko Mitsumoto-Kaseida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan; Dejima Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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19
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Bachtiar EW, Soeroso Y, Haerani N, Ismah N, Adiati EC, Bachtiar BM. Immunoglobulin A response to SARS-CoV-2-N-protein potentially persists in oral fluids of patients with periodontitis six months after mRNA vaccine administration. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:652-655. [PMID: 38303837 PMCID: PMC10829667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the mucosal immune response after BNT162b2-booster vaccination in individuals with periodontitis. In this study, we evaluated the persistence of IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2-N-protein in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis for at least six months post BNT162b2 vaccine booster. We included patients with moderate (n = 7) and severe (n = 7) periodontitis and participants without periodontitis (n = 7) as controls. The Bradford method measured the protein concentrations in the samples, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein was performed to analyze the targeted IgA level. For the tested SARS-CoV-2 antigen (N-protein), IgA levels in saliva and GCF showed a strong and significant correlation. Therefore, in patients with moderate or severe periodontitis, saliva and GCF can provide information regarding the IgA response against SARS-CoV-2-N-protein. The neutralizing activity of IgA against SARS-CoV-2 was not investigated in this study, necessitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang W. Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Natalina Haerani
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nada Ismah
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Esti Chahyani Adiati
- Resident Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Boy M. Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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20
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Alenazi HMK, Baseer MA, AlMugeiren OM, Ingle NA. Comparison of Salivary Secretion, pH, and Buffer Capacity Between COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Child Patients Visiting Dental Clinics of University Hospitals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6115-6125. [PMID: 38162688 PMCID: PMC10756067 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s437563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess and compare the salivary secretion, pH, and buffer capacity between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated child patients visiting the clinics of private university dental hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This is the first comparative assessment of salivary parameters between unvaccinated and COVID-19-vaccinated child patients. The study sample comprised COVID-19 unvaccinated (n = 66) and vaccinated (n = 66) pediatric dental patients aged 4-12 years seeking dental care in clinics of private university hospitals. Paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected from unvaccinated and vaccinated study participants, and the amount of saliva secreted per minute was noted. Salivary pH and buffering capacity (by 5 mmol Hydrochloric acid titration) were measured using a benchtop digital pH meter. The data obtained were compared between unvaccinated and vaccinated participants using an independent t-test. Results The results showed a significantly higher salivary secretion rate in unvaccinated than vaccinated study participants (0.83 ± 0.24 mL/min vs 0.67 ± 0.24 mL/min, p = 0.001). Similarly, unvaccinated subjects compared to vaccinated subjects exhibited a significantly higher pH (7.33 ± 0.39 vs 7.04 ± 0.46, p < 0.001) and buffering capacity (6.31 ± 1.55 vs 5.40 ± 1.22, p < 0.001). Moreover, unvaccinated females demonstrated a significantly higher salivary secretion (0.87 ± 0.23 vs 0.71 ± 0.25, t = 2.627, p = 0.011) and buffering capacity 6.19 ± 1.52 vs 5.34 ± 1.25, t = 2.404, p = 0.019) than vaccinated females. Similarly, unvaccinated male exhibited significantly higher salivary secretion (0.80 ± 0.25 vs 0.64 ± 0.23, t = 2.670, p = 0.009), salivary pH (7.39 ± 0.45 vs 6.94 ± 0.41, t=4.309, p<0.001) and buffering capacity (6.42 ± 1.60 vs 5.45 ± 1.21, t = 2.875, p = 0.005) than the vaccinated male subjects. Conclusion The vaccinated subjects showed a significantly lower mean salivary secretion, pH, and buffering capacity than unvaccinated participants. Hence, COVID-19 vaccination is likely to affect salivary parameters among pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Abdul Baseer
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Mohammed AlMugeiren
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Navin Anand Ingle
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zhang P, Luo S, Zou P, Deng Q, Wang C, Li J, Cai P, Zhang L, Li C, Li T. A novel simian adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine elicits effective mucosal and systemic immunity in mice by intranasal and intramuscular vaccination regimens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179423. [PMID: 37877750 PMCID: PMC10715068 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01794-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The essential goal of vaccination is to generate potent and long-term protection against diseases. Several factors including vaccine vector, delivery route, and boosting regimen influence the outcome of prime-boost immunization approaches. The immunization regimens by constructing a novel simian adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and employing combination of intranasal and intramuscular inoculations could elicit mucosal neutralizing antibodies against five mutant strains in the respiratory tract and strong systemic immunity. Immune protection could last for more than 32 weeks. Vectored vaccine construction and immunization regimens have positively impacted respiratory disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panli Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou , China
| | - Shengxue Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou , China
| | - Qitao Deng
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou , China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an District Central Blood Station, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiqiao Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine and College of Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Tran KA, Divangahi M. The gift of preexisting immunity for developing an alternative vaccine strategy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e174952. [PMID: 38038132 PMCID: PMC10688974 DOI: 10.1172/jci174952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the worldwide application of vaccination and other antiviral interventions, pulmonary viral infections remain a persistent threat to human health. The 1918 influenza pandemic killed more than 40 million people in just one year, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has killed more than 6.9 million people since 2019. While the current approved COVID-19 vaccines are administered parenterally and induce systemic immunity, they only prevent the progression to severe disease. Thus, other vaccine platforms are still needed for completely preventing the disease and subsequent transmission. In this issue of the JCI, Kawai et al. present an adjuvant-free subunit (RBD-HA) fusion vaccine, which produces robust IgG and IgA antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, enriched within the nasal cavity, by using the host's preexisting immunity to influenza infection. This preclinical study has tremendous implications for future mucosal vaccine design and provides a roadmap for generating a safer and effective intranasal vaccine against pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A. Tran
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Mouzinga FH, Heinzel C, Lissom A, Kreidenweiss A, Batchi‐Bouyou AL, Mbama Ntabi JD, Djontu JC, Ngumbi E, Kremsner PG, Fendel R, Ntoumi F. Mucosal response of inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccines in Congolese individuals. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1116. [PMID: 38156395 PMCID: PMC10751728 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of immunization against an airborne pathogen depends in part on its ability to induce antibodies at the major entry site of the virus, the mucosa. Recent studies have revealed that mucosal immunity is poorly activated after vaccination with messenger RNA vaccines, thus failing in blocking virus acquisition upon its site of initial exposure. Little information is available about the induction of mucosal immunity by inactivated and recombinant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This study aims to investigate this topic. METHODS Saliva and plasma samples from 440 healthy Congolese were collected including (1) fully vaccinated 2 month postvaccination with either an inactivated or a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine and (2) nonvaccinated control group. Total anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor-binding domain IgG and IgA antibodies were assessed using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for both specimens. FINDINGS Altogether, the positivity of IgG was significantly higher in plasma than in saliva samples both in vaccinated and nonvaccinated control groups. Inversely, IgA positivity was slightly higher in saliva than in plasma of vaccinated group. The overall IgG and IgA levels were respectively over 103 and 14 times lower in saliva than in plasma samples. We found a strong positive correlation between IgG in saliva and plasma also between IgA in both specimens (r = .70 for IgG and r = .52 for IgA). Interestingly, contrary to IgG, the level of salivary IgA was not different between seropositive control group and seropositive vaccinated group. No significant difference was observed between recombinant and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in total IgG and IgA antibody concentration release 2 months postvaccination both in plasma and saliva. CONCLUSION Inactivated and recombinant COVID-19 vaccines in use in the Republic of Congo poorly activated mucosal IgA-mediated antibody response 2 months postvaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freisnel H. Mouzinga
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | | | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BamendaBamendaCameroon
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Armel L. Batchi‐Bouyou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Global Clinical Scholars Research Training ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jacques D. Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Jean C. Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Etienne Ngumbi
- Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL)LambareneGabon
- German Center for Infectious Diseases (DZIF)Partner Site TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche MédicaleBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
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24
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Kirtane AR, Tang C, Freitas D, Bernstock JD, Traverso G. Challenges and opportunities in the development of mucosal mRNA vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 85:102388. [PMID: 37776698 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and are being actively studied for use in other diseases. There is a growing interest in applying mRNA vaccines at mucosal surfaces as it enables access to a unique immune reservoir in a less-invasive manner. However, mucosal surfaces present several barriers to mRNA uptake, including degrading enzymes, mucus, and clearance mechanisms. In this mini-review, we discuss our understanding of the immune response to mucosal mRNA vaccines as it compares to systemic mRNA vaccines. We also highlight physical and chemical methods for enhancing mRNA uptake across mucosal tissues. Mucosal mRNA vaccination is a nascent field of research, which will greatly benefit from fundamental investigations into the mechanisms of immune activation and the development of technologies for improved delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Kirtane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Chaoyang Tang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Freitas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Sheehan J, Ardizzone CM, Khanna M, Trauth AJ, Hagensee ME, Ramsay AJ. Dynamics of Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Vaccinees through Multiple Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1720. [PMID: 38006052 PMCID: PMC10675463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are administered as effective prophylactic measures for reducing virus transmission rates and disease severity. To enhance the durability of post-vaccination immunity and combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters have been administered to two-dose vaccinees. However, long-term humoral responses following booster vaccination are not well characterized. A 16-member cohort of healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants were enrolled in this study during a three-dose BNT162b2 vaccine series. Serum samples were collected from vaccinees over 420 days and screened for antigen (Ag)-specific antibody titers, IgG subclass distribution, and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. Vaccine boosting restored peak Ag-specific titers with sustained α-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses when measured at six months post-boost. RBD- and spike-specific IgG4 antibody levels were markedly elevated in three-dose but not two-dose immune sera. Although strong neutralization responses were detected in two- and three-dose vaccine sera, these rapidly decayed to pre-immune levels by four and six months, respectively. While boosters enhanced serum IgG Ab reactivity and nAb responses against variant strains, all variants tested showed resistance to two- and three-dose immune sera. Our data reflect the poor durability of vaccine-induced nAb responses which are a strong predictor of protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The induction of IgG4-switched humoral responses may permit extended viral persistence via the downregulation of Fc-mediated effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Sheehan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Caleb M. Ardizzone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber J. Trauth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael E. Hagensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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26
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Setiadi W, Effendi Q, Johar E, Yohan B, Wibowo DP, Syahrani L, Pramono AA, Kartapradja HH, Yudhaputri FA, Dewi BE, Malik SG, Myint KSA, Soebandrio A, Safari D. Significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after administration of heterologous mRNA-based vaccine booster in individuals receiving two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A single-center study in healthcare workers in Jakarta, Indonesia. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1848-1851. [PMID: 37837920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine plays an important role in breaking SARS-CoV-2 transmission and accelerating the path to pandemic recovery. Currently, there is still limited data on heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccination efficacy and effectiveness in Indonesia. METHODS Antibody response was retrospectively analyzed from 156 serum collected from healthcare workers that have received mRNA-1273 vaccine as the booster against SARS-CoV-2. These individuals had previously received the full two doses of inactivated anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Serological analysis was performed to measure total antibody, as well as IgA and IgG antibodies specific to spike (S) protein using ECLIA and ELISA methods. RESULTS A significant increase in total, IgA, and IgG antibody titers was reported in vaccine receiving a third heterologous booster dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of inactivated type. CONCLUSION The third heterologous booster dose of vaccine may be beneficial to individuals with or without previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuryantari Setiadi
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Qothrunnada Effendi
- Graduate Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edison Johar
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Exeins Health Initiative, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Benediktus Yohan
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lepa Syahrani
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Hannie H Kartapradja
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Beti Ernawati Dewi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Khin Saw Aye Myint
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Exeins Health Initiative, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amin Soebandrio
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dodi Safari
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia.
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27
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McMahon M, Tan J, O'Dell G, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Strohmeier S, Krammer F. Immunity induced by vaccination with recombinant influenza B virus neuraminidase protein breaks viral transmission chains in guinea pigs in an exposure intensity-dependent manner. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105723. [PMID: 37800945 PMCID: PMC10617433 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01057-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vaccines that can slow respiratory virus transmission in the population are urgently needed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus. Here, we describe how a recombinant neuraminidase-based influenza virus vaccine reduces transmission in vaccinated guinea pigs in an exposure intensity-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - George O'Dell
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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28
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Xing M, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu J, Dai W, Hu G, He F, Zhao Q, Li Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Du S, Dong Z, Pang C, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xu J, Cai Q, Zhou D. Broad-spectrum vaccine via combined immunization routes triggers potent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. J Virol 2023; 97:e0072423. [PMID: 37706688 PMCID: PMC10617383 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00724-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The development of broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will reduce the global economic and public health stress from the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of conserved T-cell epitopes in combination with spike antigen that induce humoral and cellular immune responses simultaneously may be a promising strategy to further enhance the broad spectrum of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Moreover, this research suggests that the combined vaccination strategies have the ability to induce both effective systemic and mucosal immunity, which may represent promising strategies for maximizing the protective efficacy of respiratory virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xing
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqian Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Du
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Dong
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongjie Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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29
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Golan Y, Ilala M, Li L, Gay C, Hunagund S, Lin CY, Cassidy AG, Jigmeddagva U, Matsui Y, Ozarslan N, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL, Prahl M. Milk antibody response after 3 rd COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection and implications for infant protection. iScience 2023; 26:107767. [PMID: 37731614 PMCID: PMC10507209 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the persistence of human milk anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after 2nd and 3rd vaccine doses and infection following 3rd dose. In this study, human milk, saliva, and blood samples were collected from 33 lactating individuals before and after vaccination and infection. Antibody levels were measured using ELISA and symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. We found that after vaccination, milk anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted for up to 8 months. In addition, distinct patterns of human milk IgA and IgG production and higher milk RBD-blocking activity was observed after infection compared to 3-dose vaccination. Infected mothers reported more symptoms than vaccinated mothers. We examined the persistence of milk antibodies in infant saliva after breastfeeding and found that IgA was more abundant compared to IgG. Our results emphasize the importance of improving the secretion of IgA antibodies to human milk after vaccination to improve the protection of breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Golan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mikias Ilala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caryl Gay
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Soumya Hunagund
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Y. Lin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arianna G. Cassidy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Unurzul Jigmeddagva
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Matsui
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Michael Hulton Center for HIV Cure Research at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nida Ozarslan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa V. Asiodu
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie J. Flaherman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Gaw
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Ravindran R, Kang H, McReynolds C, Sanghar GK, Chang WLW, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Subbian S, Hammock BD, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ, Ikram A, Haczku A, Khan IH. Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287377. [PMID: 37856429 PMCID: PMC10586671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the humoral immune responses to a COVID-19 vaccine in a well-controlled rhesus macaque model compared to humans immunized with two mRNA vaccines over several months post-second dose. The plasma IgG levels against seven coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and antibody subtypes (IgG 1-4 and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using multiplex assays. The neutralization capacity of plasma antibodies against the original SAR-CoV-2 isolate and nine variants was evaluated in vaccinated humans and non-human primates. Immunization of macaques and humans with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induced a robust neutralizing antibody response. In non-SIV-infected adult macaques immunized with an adenoviral vector expressing S-RBD (n = 7) or N protein (n = 3), elevated levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected 2 weeks post-second dose. Immune responses to the S-RBD vaccine in SIV-infected adult macaques (n = 2) were similar to the non-SIV-infected animals. Adult humans immunized with Pfizer (n = 35) or Moderna (n = 18) vaccines developed IgG and neutralizing antibodies at 4 weeks post-second dose. In both vaccine groups, IgG 1 was the predominant subtype, followed by IgG 3. The IgG levels, including total and IgG 1,2,3 elicited by the Moderna vaccine, were significantly higher than the corresponding levels elicited by the Pfizer vaccine at 4 weeks post-second dose. A significant correlation was observed between the plasma total IgG antibody levels and neutralization titers in both macaques and humans. Furthermore, broad-spectrum neutralization antibodies against several variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the plasma of both macaques and humans after two vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Harsharonjit Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gursharan Kaur Sanghar
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - W. L. William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Wang YS, Kumari M, Chen GH, Hong MH, Yuan JPY, Tsai JL, Wu HC. mRNA-based vaccines and therapeutics: an in-depth survey of current and upcoming clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:84. [PMID: 37805495 PMCID: PMC10559634 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely delivering the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without activating the immune system. With regard to mRNA vaccines, researchers have modified the mRNA structure to enhance its stability and promote systemic tolerance of antigenic presentation in non-inflammatory contexts. Still, delivery of naked modified mRNAs is inefficient and results in low levels of antigen protein production. As such, lipid nanoparticles have been utilized to improve delivery and protect the mRNA cargo from extracellular degradation. This advance was a major milestone in the development of mRNA vaccines and dispelled skepticism about the potential of this technology to yield clinically approved medicines. Following the resounding success of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, many other mRNA-based drugs have been proposed for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This review begins with a discussion of mRNA modifications and delivery vehicles, as well as the factors that influence administration routes. Then, we summarize the potential applications of mRNA-based drugs and discuss further key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA drugs targeting a wide range of diseases. Finally, we discuss the latest market trends and future applications of mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Chen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Hong
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Joyce Pei-Yi Yuan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan.
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32
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Zhang Z, Wu S, Liu Y, Li K, Fan P, Song X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Shang J, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Fu K, Wang B, Hao M, Zhang G, Long P, Qiu Z, Zhu T, Liu S, Zhang Y, Shao F, Lv P, Yang Y, Zhao X, Sun Y, Hou L, Chen W. Boosting with an aerosolized Ad5-nCoV elicited robust immune responses in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239179. [PMID: 37868993 PMCID: PMC10585368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and exhibits immune escape to current COVID-19 vaccines, the further boosting strategies are required. Methods We have conducted a non-randomized, open-label and parallel-controlled phase 4 trial to evaluate the magnitude and longevity of immune responses to booster vaccination with intramuscular adenovirus vectored vaccine (Ad5-nCoV), aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, a recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) or homologous inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in those who received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Results The aerosolized Ad5-nCoV induced the most robust and long-lasting neutralizing activity against Omicron variant and IFNg T-cell response among all the boosters, with a distinct mucosal immune response. SARS-CoV-2-specific mucosal IgA response was substantially generated in subjects boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV at day 14 post-vaccination. At month 6, participants boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV had remarkably higher median titer and seroconversion of the Omicron BA.4/5-specific neutralizing antibody than those who received other boosters. Discussion Our findings suggest that aerosolized Ad5-nCoV may provide an efficient alternative in response to the spread of the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=152729, identifier ChiCTR2200057278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Li
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xianwei Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinghan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kefan Fu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pengwei Long
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Fangze Shao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Sun
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Yeung J, Wang T, Shi PY. Improvement of mucosal immunity by a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 nasal vaccine. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101347. [PMID: 37604085 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of early COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the severity of the disease has led to a focus on developing next-generation vaccines that can prevent infection and transmission of the virus. One promising approach involves the induction of mucosal immunity through nasal administration and a variety of mucosal vaccine candidates using different platforms are currently in development. Live-attenuated viruses, less pathogenic versions of SARS-CoV-2, have promising features as a mucosal vaccine platform and have the potential to induce hybrid immunity in individuals who have already received mRNA vaccines. This review discusses the potential benefits and considerations for the use of live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 intranasal vaccines and highlights the authors' work in developing such a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yeung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology & Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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34
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Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Madsen JR, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje MM, Bayarri-Olmos R, Jarlhelt I, Hamm SR, Møller DL, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Garred P. Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5624. [PMID: 37699890 PMCID: PMC10497567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses has become considerably more complex over time and diverse immune imprinting is observed in vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, following the emergence of the Omicron variant, some individuals appear more susceptible to primary infections and reinfections than others, underscoring the need to elucidate how immune responses are influenced by previous infections and vaccination. IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses in 1,325 individuals (955 of which were infection-naive) were investigated before and after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, examining their relation to breakthrough infections and immune imprinting in the context of Omicron. Our study shows that both humoral and cellular responses following vaccination were generally higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to infection-naive. Notably, viral exposure before vaccination was crucial to achieving a robust IgA response. Individuals with lower IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody responses postvaccination had a significantly higher risk of reinfection and future Omicron infections. This was not observed for T-cell responses. A primary infection before Omicron and subsequent reinfection with Omicron dampened the humoral and cellular responses compared to a primary Omicron infection, consistent with immune imprinting. These results underscore the significant impact of hybrid immunity for immune responses in general, particularly for IgA responses even after revaccination, and the importance of robust humoral responses in preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dalla Gasperina D, Veronesi G, Castelletti CM, Varchetta S, Ottolini S, Mele D, Ferrari G, Shaik AKB, Celesti F, Dentali F, Accolla RS, Forlani G. Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Elicited by the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13728. [PMID: 37762029 PMCID: PMC10530943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in older people are critical to their success, little is known about their immunogenicity among elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs). A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted: a total IgG antibody titer, neutralizing antibodies against Wild-type, Delta Plus, and Omicron BA.2 variants and T cell response, were measured eight months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine (T0) and at least 15 days after the booster (T1). Forty-nine LTCF residents, with a median age of 84.8 ± 10.6 years, were enrolled. Previous COVID-19 infection was documented in 42.9% of the subjects one year before T0. At T1, the IgG titers increased up to 10-fold. This ratio was lower in the subjects with previous COVID-19 infection. At T1, IgG levels were similar in both groups. The neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.2 was significantly lower (65%) than that measured against Wild-type and Delta Plus (90%). A significant increase of T cell-specific immune response was observed after the booster. Frailty, older age, sex, cognitive impairment, and comorbidities did not affect antibody titers or T cell response. In the elderly sample analyzed, the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine produced immunogenicity regardless of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | | | - Stefania Varchetta
- Clinical Immunology-Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Ottolini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Dalila Mele
- Microbiology and Molecular Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Amruth K. B. Shaik
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.K.B.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Celesti
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dentali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Roberto S. Accolla
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.K.B.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Greta Forlani
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology “Giovanna Tosi”, Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.K.B.S.); (R.S.A.)
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Singh C, Verma S, Reddy P, Diamond MS, Curiel DT, Patel C, Jain MK, Redkar SV, Bhate AS, Gundappa V, Konatham R, Toppo L, Joshi AC, Kushwaha JS, Singh AP, Bawankule S, Ella R, Prasad S, Ganneru B, Chiteti SR, Kataram S, Vadrevu KM. Phase III Pivotal comparative clinical trial of intranasal (iNCOVACC) and intramuscular COVID 19 vaccine (Covaxin ®). NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:125. [PMID: 37596281 PMCID: PMC10439197 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most preferable characteristics for a COVID-19 vaccine candidate is the ability to reduce transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to disease prevention. Unlike intramuscular vaccines, intranasal COVID-19 vaccines may offer this by generating mucosal immunity. In this open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 clinical trial (CTRI/2022/02/40065; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05522335), healthy adults were randomised to receive two doses, 28 days apart, of either intranasal adenoviral vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV154) or licensed intramuscular vaccine, Covaxin®. Between April 16 and June 4, 2022, we enrolled 3160 subjects of whom, 2971 received 2 doses of BBV154 and 161 received Covaxin. On Day 42, 14 days after the second dose, BBV154 induced significant serum neutralization antibody titers against the ancestral (Wuhan) virus, which met the pre-defined superiority criterion for BBV154 over Covaxin®. Further, both vaccines showed cross protection against Omicron BA.5 variant. Salivary IgA titers were found to be higher in BBV154. In addition, extensive evaluation of T cell immunity revealed comparable responses in both cohorts due to prior infection. However, BBV154 showed significantly more ancestral specific IgA-secreting plasmablasts, post vaccination, whereas Covaxin recipients showed significant Omicron specific IgA-secreting plasmablasts only at day 42. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Overall reported solicited reactions were 6.9% and 25.5% and unsolicited reactions were 1.2% and 3.1% in BBV154 and Covaxin® participants respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savita Verma
- Pt. BD Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Reddy
- Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Manish Kumar Jain
- Maharaja Agrasen Super Speciality Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Vivek Gundappa
- Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rambabu Konatham
- Visakha Institute of Medical Science, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Leelabati Toppo
- Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | | | - Shilpa Bawankule
- Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raches Ella
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sai Prasad
- Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad, India
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Afkhami S, Kang A, Jeyanathan V, Xing Z, Jeyanathan M. Adenoviral-vectored next-generation respiratory mucosal vaccines against COVID-19. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 61:101334. [PMID: 37276833 PMCID: PMC10172971 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The world is in need of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Although first-generation injectable COVID-19 vaccines continue to be critical tools in controlling the current global health crisis, continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has eroded the efficacy of these vaccines, leading to staggering breakthrough infections and posing threats to poor vaccine responders. This is partly because the humoral and T-cell responses generated following intramuscular injection of spike-centric monovalent vaccines are mostly confined to the periphery, failing to either access or be maintained at the portal of infection, the respiratory mucosa (RM). In contrast, respiratory mucosal-delivered vaccine can induce immunity encompassing humoral, cellular, and trained innate immunity positioned at the respiratory mucosa that may act quickly to prevent the establishment of an infection. Viral vectors, especially adenoviruses, represent the most promising platform for RM delivery that can be designed to express both structural and nonstructural antigens of SARS-CoV-2. Boosting RM immunity via the respiratory route using multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccines would be a viable next-generation vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alisha Kang
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Vidthiya Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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38
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Ishizaka A, Koga M, Mizutani T, Uraki R, Yamayoshi S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Yamamoto S, Imai M, Tsutsumi T, Suzuki Y, Kawaoka Y, Yotsuyanagi H. Research article antibody induction and immune response in nasal cavity by third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Virol J 2023; 20:146. [PMID: 37443091 PMCID: PMC10339591 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to induce secretory antibodies in the oral and nasal cavities in addition to a systemic immune response. However, the mechanism of induced immune stimulation effect on mucosal immunity and commensal bacteria profile remains unclear. METHODS Here, we longitudinally analysed the changing nasal microbiota and both systemic and nasal immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and evaluated how mRNA vaccination influenced nasal microbiota in 18 healthy participants who had received the third BNT162b. RESULTS The nasal S-RBD IgG level correlated significantly with plasma IgG levels until 1 month and the levels were sustained for 3 months post-vaccination. In contrast, nasal S-RBD IgA induction peaked at 1 month, albeit slightly, and correlated only with plasma IgA, but the induction level decreased markedly at 3 months post-vaccination. 16 S rRNA sequencing of the nasal microbiota post-vaccination revealed not an overall change, but a decrease in certain opportunistic bacteria, mainly Fusobacterium. The decrease in these bacteria was more pronounced in those who exhibited nasal S-RBD IgA induction, and those with higher S-RBD IgA induction had lower relative amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas pre-vaccination. In addition, plasma and mucosal S-RBD IgG levels correlated with decreased commensal pathogens such as Finegoldia. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induced S-RBD antibodies in the nasal mucosa and may have stimulated mucosal immunity against opportunistic bacterial pathogens. This effect, albeit probably secondary, may be considered one of the benefits of mRNA vaccination. Furthermore, our data suggest that a cooperative function of mucosal and systemic immunity in the reduction of bacteria and provides a better understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the host and bacteria in the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277, 8562, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa 277, 8562, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pomatto MAC, Gai C, Negro F, Massari L, Deregibus MC, De Rosa FG, Camussi G. Oral Delivery of mRNA Vaccine by Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Carriers. Cells 2023; 12:1826. [PMID: 37508491 PMCID: PMC10378442 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines were effective in contrasting SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they presented several limitations of storage and supply chain, and their parenteral administration elicited a limited mucosal IgA immune response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication well-preserved in all life kingdoms, including plants. Their membrane confers protection from enzyme degradation to encapsulated nucleic acids favoring their transfer between cells. In the present study, EVs derived from the juice of an edible plant (Citrus sinensis) (oEVs) were investigated as carriers of an orally administered mRNA vaccine coding for the S1 protein subunit of SARS-CoV-2 with gastro-resistant oral capsule formulation. The mRNA loaded into oEVs was protected and was stable at room temperature for one year after lyophilization and encapsulation. Rats immunized via gavage administration developed a humoral immune response with the production of specific IgM, IgG, and IgA, which represent the first mucosal barrier in the adaptive immune response. The vaccination also triggered the generation of blocking antibodies and specific lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, the formulation of lyophilized mRNA-containing oEVs represents an efficient delivery strategy for oral vaccines due to their stability at room temperature, optimal mucosal absorption, and the ability to trigger an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita A C Pomatto
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Gai
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- EvoBiotech s.r.l., 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Diem G, Jäger M, Dichtl S, Bauer A, Lass-Flörl C, Reindl M, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Vaccination and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 Convalescence Enhance Systemic but Not Mucosal Immunity against BA.4/5. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0516322. [PMID: 37098903 PMCID: PMC10269517 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.4/5 led to the performance of various studies investigating systemic immunity and neutralizing antibodies in sera, but mucosal immunity remains understudied. In this cohort study, the humoral immune responses, including immunoglobulin levels and the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies, of 92 vaccinated and/or BA.1/BA.2 convalescent individuals were investigated. Cohorts received two doses of ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 and subsequent booster vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, following BA.1/BA.2 infection. In addition, vaccinated and nonconvalescent or unvaccinated and BA.1 convalescent individuals were studied. Serum and saliva samples were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG and IgA titers and neutralizing activity against replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus and the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Vaccinated/convalescent cohorts demonstrated strongest neutralization against BA.4/5, with 50% neutralization titer (NT50) values reaching 174.2; however, neutralization was reduced up to 11-fold, compared to wild-type virus. Both BA.1 convalescent and vaccinated nonconvalescent cohorts displayed the weakest neutralization against BA.4/5, with NT50 values being reduced to 4.6, accompanied by lower numbers of positive neutralizers. Additionally, salivary neutralization against wild-type virus was strongest in vaccinated and BA.2 convalescent subjects, but this elevated neutralization efficiency was lost when challenged with BA.4/5. Our data support the contention that current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines efficiently induce humoral immunity. However, antiviral effectiveness in serum and saliva is greatly reduced against novel variants of concern. These results suggest an adjustment of current vaccine strategies to an adapted or alternative vaccine delivery, such as mucosal booster vaccinations, which might establish enhanced or even sterilizing immunity against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. IMPORTANCE Rising incidences of breakthrough infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 have been observed. Although various studies were conducted investigating neutralizing antibodies in sera, mucosal immunity was barely evaluated. Here, we investigated mucosal immunity, since the presence of neutralizing antibodies at mucosal entry sites plays a fundamental role in disease limitation. We found strong induction of serum IgG/IgA, salivary IgA, and neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus in vaccinated/convalescent subjects but detected 10-fold reduced (albeit positive) serum neutralization against BA.4/5. Interestingly, vaccinated and BA.2 convalescent patients demonstrated the greatest serum neutralization against BA.4/5, but this advantageous neutralizing effect was not observed in the saliva. Our data support the contention that current COVID-19 vaccines are very efficient against severe/critical disease progression. Moreover, these results suggest an adjustment of the current vaccine strategy to adapted and alternative vaccine delivery, such as mucosal booster vaccinations, to establish robust sterilizing immunity against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Bauer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Manfredi F, Chiozzini C, Ferrantelli F, Leone P, Pugliese K, Spada M, Di Virgilio A, Giovannelli A, Valeri M, Cara A, Michelini Z, Andreotti M, Federico M. Antiviral effect of SARS-CoV-2 N-specific CD8 + T cells induced in lungs by engineered extracellular vesicles. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:83. [PMID: 37268624 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of effective immunity in the lungs should be a requisite for any vaccine designed to control the severe pathogenic effects generated by respiratory infectious agents. We recently provided evidence that the generation of endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) engineered for the incorporation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein induced immunity in the lungs of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, which then can survive the lethal virus infection. However, nothing is known about the ability of the N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in controlling viral replication in the lungs, a major pathogenic signature of severe disease in humans. To fill the gap, we investigated the immunity generated in the lungs by N-engineered EVs in terms of induction of N-specific effectors and resident memory CD8+ T lymphocytes before and after virus challenge carried out three weeks and three months after boosting. At the same time points, viral replication extents in the lungs were evaluated. Three weeks after the second immunization, virus replication was reduced in mice best responding to vaccination by more than 3-logs compared to the control group. The impaired viral replication matched with a reduced induction of Spike-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. The antiviral effect appeared similarly strong when the viral challenge was carried out 3 months after boosting, and associated with the persistence of N-specific CD8+ T-resident memory lymphocytes. In view of the quite low mutation rate of the N protein, the present vaccine strategy has the potential to control the replication of all emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiozzini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Ferrantelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherina Pugliese
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovannelli
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Diallo BK, Chasaide CN, Wong TY, Schmitt P, Lee KS, Weaver K, Miller O, Cooper M, Jazayeri SD, Damron FH, Mills KHG. Intranasal COVID-19 vaccine induces respiratory memory T cells and protects K18-hACE mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 37179389 PMCID: PMC10182552 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current COVID-19 vaccines prevent severe disease, but do not induce mucosal immunity or prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2, especially with recent variants. Furthermore, serum antibody responses wane soon after immunization. We assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an experimental COVID-19 vaccine based on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimer formulated with a novel adjuvant LP-GMP, comprising TLR2 and STING agonists. We demonstrated that immunization of mice twice by the intranasal (i.n.) route or by heterologous intramuscular (i.m.) prime and i.n. boost with the Spike-LP-GMP vaccine generated potent Spike-specific IgG, IgA and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells in the lungs and nasal mucosa that persisted for at least 3 months. Furthermore, Spike-LP-GMP vaccine delivered by i.n./i.n., i.m./i.n., or i.m./i.m. routes protected human ACE-2 transgenic mice against respiratory infection and COVID-19-like disease following lethal challenge with ancestral or Delta strains of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings underscore the potential for nasal vaccines in preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béré K Diallo
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitlín Ní Chasaide
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Pauline Schmitt
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine S Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kelly Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Olivia Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Melissa Cooper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Seyed D Jazayeri
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology and Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Pilapitiya D, Wheatley AK, Tan HX. Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104585. [PMID: 37146404 PMCID: PMC10154910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, there has been considerable interest in developing novel mucosal vaccines that engenders more localised immune responses to provide better protection and recall responses at the site of virus entry, in contrast to traditional vaccine approaches that focus on systemic immunity. In this review, we explore the adaptive components of mucosal immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies to dissect if mucosal immunity conferred by parenteral vaccination or respiratory infection drives differential efficacy against virus acquisition or transmission, discuss mucosal vaccines undergoing clinical trials and assess key challenges and prospects for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaki Pilapitiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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Sunagar R, Singh A, Kumar S. SARS-CoV-2: Immunity, Challenges with Current Vaccines, and a Novel Perspective on Mucosal Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040849. [PMID: 37112761 PMCID: PMC10143972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation vaccines failed to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission, partially due to the limited induction of mucosal immunity, leading to the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOC) and breakthrough infections. To meet the challenges from VOC, limited durability, and lack of mucosal immune response of first-generation vaccines, novel approaches are being investigated. Herein, we have discussed the current knowledge pertaining to natural and vaccine-induced immunity, and the role of the mucosal immune response in controlling SARS-CoV2 infection. We have also presented the current status of the novel approaches aimed at eliciting both mucosal and systemic immunity. Finally, we have presented a novel adjuvant-free approach to elicit effective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which lacks the safety concerns associated with live-attenuated vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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45
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Alkharaan H, Al-Qarni H, Aldosari MA, Alsaloum M, Aldakheel G, Alenazi MW, Alharbi NK. Salivary Antibody Responses to Two COVID-19 Vaccines following Different Vaccination Regimens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040744. [PMID: 37112657 PMCID: PMC10146373 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, little is known about the salivary mucosal immune response following different COVID-19 vaccine types or after a booster (3rd) dose of the BNT162b2 (BNT) vaccine. Methods: A total of 301 saliva samples were collected from vaccinated individuals and arranged into two cohorts: cohort 1 (n = 145), samples from individuals who had received two doses against SARS-CoV-2; cohort 2 (n = 156), samples from individuals who had received a booster of BNT vaccine. Cohorts 1 and 2 were sub-stratified into three groups based on the types of first and second doses (homologous BNT/BNT, homologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1, or heterologous BNT/ChAdOx1vaccinations). Salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein was measured by ELISA, and clinical demographic data were collected from hospital records or questionnaires. Results: Salivary IgG antibody responses against different vaccines, whether homologous or heterogeneous vaccination regimens, showed similar levels in cohorts 1 and 2. Compiling all groups in cohort 1 and 2 showed significant, albeit weak, negative correlations between salivary IgG levels and time (r = −0.2, p = 0.03; r = −0.27, p = 0.003, respectively). In cohort 2, the durability of salivary IgG after a booster dose of BNT162b2 significantly dropped after 3 months compared to the <1 month and 1–3 months groups. Conclusions: Different COVID-19 vaccine types and regimens elicit similar salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with modest waning over time. Boosting with BNT162b2 vaccine did not produce an evident increase in mucosal IgG response whereby COVID-19 recovered subjects show higher salivary IgG than naive, post-vaccination subjects. The ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1 regimen showed better correlation between salivary IgG levels and durability. These findings highlight the importance of developing oral or intra-nasal vaccines to induce stronger mucosal immunity.
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46
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Liu C, Staples R, Gómez-Cerezo MN, Ivanovski S, Han P. Emerging Technologies of Three-Dimensional Printing and Mobile Health in COVID-19 Immunity and Regenerative Dentistry. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:163-182. [PMID: 36200626 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the importance of developing point-of-care (POC) antibody tests for monitoring the COVID-19 immune response upon viral infection or following vaccination, which requires three key aspects to achieve optimal monitoring, including three-dimensional (3D)-printed POC devices, mobile health (mHealth), and noninvasive sampling. As a critical tissue engineering concept, additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) enables accurate control over the dimensional and architectural features of the devices. mHealth refers to the use of portable digital devices, such as smartphones, tablet computers, and fitness and medical wearables, to support health, which facilitates contact tracing, and telehealth consultations during the pandemic. Compared with invasive biosample (blood), saliva is of great importance in the spread and surveillance of COVID-19 as a noninvasive diagnostic method for virus detection and immune status monitoring. However, investigations into 3D-printed POC antibody test and mHealth using noninvasive saliva are relatively limited. Further exploration of 3D-printed antibody POC tests and mHealth applications to monitor antibody production for either disease onset or immune response following vaccination is warranted. This review briefly describes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and immune response after infection and vaccination, then discusses current widely used binding antibody tests using blood samples and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on two-dimensional microplates before focusing upon emerging POC technological platforms, such as field-effect transistor biosensors, lateral flow assay, microfluidics, and AM for fabricating immunoassays, and the possibility of their combination with mHealth. This review proposes that noninvasive biofluid sampling combined with 3D POC antibody tests and mHealth technologies is a promising and novel approach for POC detection and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 immune response. Furthermore, as key concepts in dentistry, the application of 3D printing and mHealth was also included to facilitate the appreciation of cutting edge techniques in regenerative dentistry. This review highlights the potential of 3D printing and mHealth in both COVID-19 immunity monitoring and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Reuben Staples
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Natividad Gómez-Cerezo
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Oral-Facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Horvath D, Temperton N, Mayora-Neto M, Da Costa K, Cantoni D, Horlacher R, Günther A, Brosig A, Morath J, Jakobs B, Groettrup M, Hoschuetzky H, Rohayem J, Ter Meulen J. Novel intranasal vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain to mucosal microfold cells and adjuvanted with TLR3 agonist Riboxxim™ elicits strong antibody and T-cell responses in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4648. [PMID: 36944687 PMCID: PMC10029786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the human population necessitating regular booster immunization for its long-term control. Ideally, vaccines should ideally not only protect against symptomatic disease, but also prevent transmission via asymptomatic shedding and cover existing and future variants of the virus. This may ultimately only be possible through induction of potent and long-lasting immune responses in the nasopharyngeal tract, the initial entry site of SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we have designed a vaccine based on recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, fused to the C-terminus of C. perfringens enterotoxin, which is known to target Claudin-4, a matrix molecule highly expressed on mucosal microfold (M) cells of the nasal and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues. To further enhance immune responses, the vaccine was adjuvanted with a novel toll-like receptor 3/RIG-I agonist (Riboxxim™), consisting of synthetic short double stranded RNA. Intranasal prime-boost immunization of mice induced robust mucosal and systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 strains Wuhan-Hu-1, and several variants (B.1.351/beta, B.1.1.7/alpha, B.1.617.2/delta), as well as systemic T-cell responses. A combination vaccine with M-cell targeted recombinant HA1 from an H1N1 G4 influenza strain also induced mucosal and systemic antibodies against influenza. Taken together, the data show that development of an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant RBD adjuvanted with a TLR3 agonist is feasible, also as a combination vaccine against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Horvath
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Martin Mayora-Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kelly Da Costa
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Jacques Rohayem
- Riboxx Pharmaceuticals, Radebeul, Dresden, Germany and Institute of Virology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Ter Meulen
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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48
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Sarnelli G, Del Re A, Pesce M, Lu J, Esposito G, Sanseverino W, Corpetti C, Basili Franzin S, Seguella L, Palenca I, Rurgo S, De Palma FDE, Zilli A, Esposito G. Oral Immunization with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030569. [PMID: 36979504 PMCID: PMC10046078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As of October 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a major public health conundrum, with increased rates of symptomatic infections in vaccinated individuals. An ideal vaccine candidate for the prevention of outbreaks should be rapidly scalable, easy to administer, and able to elicit a potent mucosal immunity. Towards this aim, we proposed an engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP)-coding plasmid, which was able to expose SP on its cellular surface by a hybridization with the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence 1 (AIDA1). In this study, we presented the effectiveness of a 16-week intragastrically administered, engineered EcN in producing specific systemic and mucosal immunoglobulins against SARS-CoV-2 SP in mice. We observed a time-dependent increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 SP IgG antibodies in the sera at week 4, with a titre that more than doubled by week 12 and a stable circulating titre by week 16 (+309% and +325% vs. control; both p < 0.001). A parallel rise in mucosal IgA antibody titre in stools, measured via intestinal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of the treated mice, reached a plateau by week 12 and until the end of the immunization protocol (+300, +47, and +150%, at week 16; all p < 0.001 vs. controls). If confirmed in animal models of infection, our data indicated that the engineered EcN may be a potential candidate as an oral vaccine against COVID-19. It is safe, inexpensive, and, most importantly, able to stimulate the production of both systemic and mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jie Lu
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Walter Sanseverino
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Basili Franzin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Palenca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Centro Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a rl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Zilli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Nextbiomics S.R.L. (Società a Responsabilità Limitata), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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49
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Barateau V, Peyrot L, Saade C, Pozzetto B, Brengel-Pesce K, Elsensohn MH, Allatif O, Guibert N, Compagnon C, Mariano N, Chaix J, Djebali S, Fassier JB, Lina B, Lefsihane K, Espi M, Thaunat O, Marvel J, Rosa-Calatrava M, Pizzorno A, Maucort-Boulch D, Henaff L, Saadatian-Elahi M, Vanhems P, Paul S, Walzer T, Trouillet-Assant S, Defrance T. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances and reshapes spike protein-specific memory induced by vaccination. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade0550. [PMID: 36921035 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of vaccination modalities and infection history are both variables that have an impact on the immune memory of individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. To gain more accurate knowledge of how these parameters imprint on immune memory, we conducted a long-term follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific immune memory in unvaccinated and vaccinated COVID-19 convalescent individuals as well as in infection-naïve vaccinated individuals. Here, we report that individuals from the convalescent vaccinated (hybrid immunity) group have the highest concentrations of spike protein-specific antibodies at 6 months after vaccination. As compared with infection-naïve vaccinated individuals, they also display increased frequencies of an atypical mucosa-targeted memory B cell subset. These individuals also exhibited enhanced TH1 polarization of their SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific follicular T helper cell pool. Together, our data suggest that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody responses elicited by subsequent vaccination and induces modifications in the composition of the spike protein-specific memory B cell pool that are compatible with enhanced functional protection at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Barateau
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Loïc Peyrot
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Carla Saade
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Immunology laboratory, CIC1408, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne 42055, France
| | - Karen Brengel-Pesce
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France
| | - Mad-Hélénie Elsensohn
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Lyon 69003, France.,CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Omran Allatif
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Lyon University, Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christelle Compagnon
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France
| | | | - Julie Chaix
- BIOASTER, 40 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fassier
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, Lyon University, Avenue Rockefeller, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Virology laboratory, Institute of Infectious Agents, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69317, France
| | - Katia Lefsihane
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Maxime Espi
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Andres Pizzorno
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Delphine Maucort-Boulch
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Lyon 69003, France.,CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Équipe Biostatistique-Santé, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Laetitia Henaff
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Service D'Hygiène, Épidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Service D'Hygiène, Épidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Service D'Hygiène, Épidémiologie, Infectiovigilance et Prévention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Immunology laboratory, CIC1408, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne 42055, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France.,Laboratoire Commun de Recherche Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite 69495, France
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon 69007, France
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50
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Stein C, Nassereldine H, Sorensen RJD, Amlag JO, Bisignano C, Byrne S, Castro E, Coberly K, Collins JK, Dalos J, Daoud F, Deen A, Gakidou E, Giles JR, Hulland EN, Huntley BM, Kinzel KE, Lozano R, Mokdad AH, Pham T, Pigott DM, Reiner Jr. RC, Vos T, Hay SI, Murray CJL, Lim SS. Past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2023; 401:833-842. [PMID: 36930674 PMCID: PMC9998097 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the level and characteristics of protection from past SARS-CoV-2 infection against subsequent re-infection, symptomatic COVID-19 disease, and severe disease is essential for predicting future potential disease burden, for designing policies that restrict travel or access to venues where there is a high risk of transmission, and for informing choices about when to receive vaccine doses. We aimed to systematically synthesise studies to estimate protection from past infection by variant, and where data allow, by time since infection. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified, reviewed, and extracted from the scientific literature retrospective and prospective cohort studies and test-negative case-control studies published from inception up to Sept 31, 2022, that estimated the reduction in risk of COVID-19 among individuals with a past SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to those without a previous infection. We meta-analysed the effectiveness of past infection by outcome (infection, symptomatic disease, and severe disease), variant, and time since infection. We ran a Bayesian meta-regression to estimate the pooled estimates of protection. Risk-of-bias assessment was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health quality-assessment tools. The systematic review was PRISMA compliant and was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42022303850). FINDINGS We identified a total of 65 studies from 19 different countries. Our meta-analyses showed that protection from past infection and any symptomatic disease was high for ancestral, alpha, beta, and delta variants, but was substantially lower for the omicron BA.1 variant. Pooled effectiveness against re-infection by the omicron BA.1 variant was 45·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 17·3-76·1) and 44·0% (26·5-65·0) against omicron BA.1 symptomatic disease. Mean pooled effectiveness was greater than 78% against severe disease (hospitalisation and death) for all variants, including omicron BA.1. Protection from re-infection from ancestral, alpha, and delta variants declined over time but remained at 78·6% (49·8-93·6) at 40 weeks. Protection against re-infection by the omicron BA.1 variant declined more rapidly and was estimated at 36·1% (24·4-51·3) at 40 weeks. On the other hand, protection against severe disease remained high for all variants, with 90·2% (69·7-97·5) for ancestral, alpha, and delta variants, and 88·9% (84·7-90·9) for omicron BA.1 at 40 weeks. INTERPRETATION Protection from past infection against re-infection from pre-omicron variants was very high and remained high even after 40 weeks. Protection was substantially lower for the omicron BA.1 variant and declined more rapidly over time than protection against previous variants. Protection from severe disease was high for all variants. The immunity conferred by past infection should be weighed alongside protection from vaccination when assessing future disease burden from COVID-19, providing guidance on when individuals should be vaccinated, and designing policies that mandate vaccination for workers or restrict access, on the basis of immune status, to settings where the risk of transmission is high, such as travel and high-occupancy indoor settings. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, J Stanton, T Gillespie, and J and E Nordstrom.
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