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Pacyna-Kuchta AD, Souza-Kasprzyk J, Garbus SE, Eulaers I, Sonne C, Jakubas D. Exploring avian exposure to parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Using the common eider Somateria mollissima in a global context. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173801. [PMID: 38857802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Compared to other organic contaminants, birds are rarely studied for their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mainly due to their effective metabolization of parent PAHs. However, as some studies suggest, exposure to PAHs may result in adverse health effects including decreased survival, especially following oil spills. In the present study, we analyzed samples from a sea duck, the common eider Somateria mollissima including feathers, preen oil, blood, liver and bile, to evaluate whether non- lethally collected samples could be reliably used for avian biomonitoring strategies. Phenanthrene was the only individual PAH detected across sample types, with the highest concentration found in preen gland and the lowest in blood. Significant differences in concentrations were observed between bile vs preen gland and liver vs preen gland, while for most compounds neither blood nor feathers showed detectable levels of parent PAHs. Therefore, the utility of those sample types for PAH exposure assessment may be limited and should be interpreted with caution, moreover as several physiological factors may affect them. Additionally, we also provide a comparison with the available literature to review current avian PAH exposure assessment and outline future research focused needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Dorota Pacyna-Kuchta
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Juliana Souza-Kasprzyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Svend Erik Garbus
- Dyrlægehuset Randers (The Veterinary House Randers), Sallingvej 5, 8940 Randers, SV, Denmark
| | - Igor Eulaers
- FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre; Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Jakubas
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Yang R, Xu X, Wang X, Niu Y, Du J, Li H, Chen X, Li G, Shao B. Fluorinated Liquid-Crystal Monomers in Serum from the General Population and Their Impact on Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15949-15959. [PMID: 39143808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs) are a potential emerging class of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds. Humans inevitably ingest FLCMs via food and the environment. However, there are limited studies on internal exposure biomonitoring of FLCMs. Herein, we evaluated the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of FLCMs in the general population based on serum residue levels. For the first time, 38 FLCMs were detected in 314 serum samples from the general population in Beijing, with a median value of 132.48 ng/g of lipid weight (lw). BDPrB is a predominant FLCM in serum. The median EDI of ∑38FLCMs in the general residents was 37.96 pg/kg bw/day. The residual levels of most FLCMs were higher in urban than in suburban areas (p < 0.05). The concentrations of EFPEB, EDPrB, EDFPBB, and PDTFMTFT in serum showed positive associations with blood glucose (GLU) (r = 0.126-0.275, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that FLCMs were significantly positively correlated with dyslipidemia, with an odds ratio of 2.19; BDPrB was significantly positively correlated with hyperglycemia (OR: 2.48). Overall, the present study suggests the occurrence of FLCMs in the nonoccupational population, and the exposure of certain FLCMs may cause abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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3
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Adami MA, Bertellotti M, Agüero ML, Frixione MG, D'Amico VL. Assessing the impact of urban landfills as feeding sites on physiological parameters of a generalist seabird species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116327. [PMID: 38581734 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The increasing human population and associated urban waste pose a significant threat to wildlife. Our study focused on the Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), known for opportunistic feeding in anthropogenic areas, particularly urban landfills. We assessed the physiological status of Kelp gulls at a landfill and compared it with gulls from a protected natural site. Results indicate that gulls from the anthropogenic site exhibited lower levels of key physiological parameters linked to diet, including triglycerides, total proteins, uric acid, plasmatic enzyme activity, body condition index, and leukocyte count, in comparison to their counterparts from the natural site. These findings suggest that Kelp gulls experience inferior physical and nutritional conditions when utilizing anthropogenic sites like landfills governmentally managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Adami
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Bertellotti
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; School of Production, Environment, and Sustainable Development, University of Chubut, Argentina
| | - María Laura Agüero
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Martin G Frixione
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Verónica L D'Amico
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos CESIMAR-CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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4
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Nos D, Montalvo T, Cortés-Francisco N, Figuerola J, Aymí R, Giménez J, Solé M, Navarro J. Sources of persistent organic pollutants and their physiological effects on opportunistic urban gulls. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133129. [PMID: 38056272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is associated with drastic shifts in biodiversity. While some species thrive in urban areas, the impact of inhabiting these human-altered environments on organism physiology remains understudied. We investigated how exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) affects the physiology of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) inhabiting a densely populated, industrialized city. We analyzed blood samples from 50 gulls (20 immatures and 30 adults) and assessed 27 physiological parameters and biomarkers related to xenobiotic protection, health, and feeding habits in these same individuals. We also tracked the movements of 25 gulls (15 immatures and 10 adults) to identify potential sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both adult and immature gulls primarily inhabited urban areas, followed by marine habitats. Immature gulls spent more time in freshwater, landfills, and agricultural areas. Bioaccumulated ΣPCB (median = 92.7 ng g-1 ww, 1.86-592) and ΣPBDE (median = 1.44 ng g-1 ww, 0.022-9.58) showed no significant differences between age and sex groups. Notably, immature males exhibited the highest correlations with POP concentrations, particularly with the activity of carboxylesterases (CEs), suggesting a higher sensitivity than adults. These findings highlight the potential of plasmatic CEs in immature yellow-legged gulls as effective tracers of POPs exposure and effects, offering insights into the anthropogenic impacts on urban biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nos
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Tomas Montalvo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau - IIB St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cortés-Francisco
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl. Lesseps, 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau - IIB St. Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raül Aymí
- Institut Català d'Ornitologia, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Pl. Leonardo da Vinci, 4-5, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Giménez
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Wu HD, Yang LW, Deng DY, Jiang RN, Song ZK, Zhou LT. The effects of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on pro-atherosclerosis mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115325. [PMID: 37544066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) are environmental endocrine disruptors, comprising several pollutants, which potentially affect the endocrine system and cause dysfunction and disease. Widespread BFR exposure may cause multisystem toxicity, including cardiovascular toxicity in some individuals. Studies have shown that BFRs not only increase heart rate, induce arrhythmia and cardiac hypertrophy, but also cause glycolipid metabolism disorders, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses, all of which potentially induce pre-pathological changes in atherosclerosis. Experimental data indicated that BFRs disrupt gene expression or signaling pathways, which cause vascular endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism-related disease, inflammation, and possibly atherosclerosis. Considerable evidence now suggests that BFR exposure may be a pro-atherosclerotic risk factor. In this study, we reviewed putative BFR effects underpinning pro-atherosclerosis mechanisms, and focused on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, abnormal lipid metabolism, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and foam cell formation. Consequently, we proposed a scientific basis for preventing atherosclerosis by BFRs and provided concepts for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li-Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Da-Yong Deng
- Department of Radiology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, 1066 Jinhu Road, 130000 Changchun, China
| | - Rong-Na Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, 1066 Jinhu Road, 130000 Changchun, China
| | - Zi-Kai Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Li-Ting Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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6
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Liu T, Wang J, Dang X, Wan S, Luo X, Tang W, Du H, Jin M, Li J, Li J. Investigation of the nephrotoxicity of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone disinfection by-product in mice through a 28-day toxicity test. Toxicology 2023; 487:153459. [PMID: 36787874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) has become an emerging water disinfection by-product and widely distributed in disinfected water. Although kidney is a potential target of DCBQ, a systematic study of the in vivo nephrotoxicity of DCBQ is rare. In this study, a 28-day oral toxicity test was used to assess the nephrotoxic effects of DCBQ on mice. And the potential mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by DCBQ were explored through inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and gut microbiota. The results showed that the kidney indexes of mice were not altered in DCBQ-exposed group in comparison with the control group. The histopathological investigation revealed that DCBQ caused swollen of renal tube, destruction of the renal structure, and infiltration of inflammatory cell in kidney. DCBQ has induced oxidative damage in kidney, as the observation of the increase of the renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Also, DCBQ has triggered the inflammatory response in kidney through the increased expression of IL-1β, NF-κB and iNOS. Moreover, DCBQ has activated the apoptosis pathway, as indicated by the increased mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. We eventually found an association between gut microbiota and nephrotoxic variables, demonstrating the importance of gut-kidney axis in DCBQ toxicity. Our results suggested that exposure to DCBQ in disinfected water might be a risk factor for kidney and provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of DCBQ-induced kidney injury, contributing to better interpretation of the health impact of the environmentally emerging contaminant DCBQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Dang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Siyu Wan
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xi Luo
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wen Tang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Du
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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7
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Guo LC, Lv Z, Zhu T, He G, Hu J, Xiao J, Liu T, Yu S, Zhang J, Zhang H, Ma W. Associations between serum polychlorinated biphenyls, halogen flame retardants, and renal function indexes in residents of an e-waste recycling area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159746. [PMID: 36306844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
E-waste handling activities release large quantities of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and halogen flame retardants (HFRs) into the surrounding area, creating a high exposure risk for local residents. However, the possibility of PCBs and HFRs exposure contributing to renal injury has not been extensively studied. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an epidemiological analysis of adolescents and adults recruited from an e-waste recycling area and a control area. Some PCBs and HFRs compounds were statistically significantly associated with the levels of β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and uric acid, with thyroid hormone-related genes found to partly mediate these associations. The interactions of PCBs and HFRs with metals also influenced renal function indexes. Exposure to high concentrations of PCBs and HFRs resulted in higher levels of β2-MG and lower levels of BUN and SCr in the exposed group. As indicated by the elevated β2-MG levels, high exposure to PCBs and HFRs may increase the risk of early renal injury for adolescents. These findings help to clarify the impacts of PCBs and HFRs on renal function and highlight the need to protect the health of residents in regions impacted by e-waste handling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanlu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection and Control in Water Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Low Energy Sewage Treatment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Guanhao He
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengbing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Monclús L, McCann Smith E, Ciesielski TM, Wagner M, Jaspers VL. Microplastic Ingestion Induces Size-Specific Effects in Japanese Quail. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15902-15911. [PMID: 36302260 PMCID: PMC9671045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution can pose a threat to birds. Yet, little is known about the sublethal effects of ingested microplastics (MP), and the effects of MP < 1 mm in birds remain unknown. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the toxicity of environmentally relevant polypropylene and polyethylene particles collected in the Norwegian coast in growing Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Birds were orally exposed to 600 mg MP over 5 weeks, covering small (<125 μm) and large (3 mm) MP, both separately and in a mixture. We evaluated multiple sublethal endpoints in quail, including oxidative stress, cytokine levels, blood-biochemical parameters, and reproductive hormones in blood, as well as body mass. Exposure to small MP significantly induced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. Exposure to large MP increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (liver parameter) and decreased 17β-estradiol levels in females. Body mass was not directly affected by MP ingestion; however, quail exposed to small MP and a mixture of large and small MP had a different growth rate compared to control quail. Our study used similar levels of MP as ingested by wild birds and demonstrated size-dependent effects of MP that can result in sublethal effects in avifauna.
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9
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Randulff ST, Abbasi NA, Eulaers I, Nygård T, Covaci A, Eens M, Malarvannan G, Lepoint G, Løseth ME, Jaspers VLB. Feathers as an integrated measure of organohalogen contamination, its dietary sources and corticosterone in nestlings of a terrestrial bird of prey, the northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154064. [PMID: 35240173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the suitability of body feathers, preen oil and plasma for estimation of organohalogen compound (OHC) exposure in northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis nestlings (n = 37; 14 nests). In addition, body feathers received further examination concerning their potential to provide an integrated assessment of (1) OHC exposure, (2) its dietary sources (carbon sources and trophic position) and (3) adrenal gland response (corticosterone). While tetrabromobisphenol A was not detected in any sample, the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in body feathers (median: 23, 19, 1.6 and 3.5 ng g-1 respectively), plasma (median: 7.5, 6.2, 0.50 and 1.0 ng g-1 ww, respectively) and preen oil (median: 750, 600, 18 and 9.57 ng g-1 ww, respectively) suggests analytical suitability for biomonitoring of major OHCs in the three matrices. Furthermore, strong and significant associations (0.20 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98; all P < 0.05) among the OHC concentrations in all three tissues showed that body feathers and preen oil reliably reflect circulating plasma OHC levels. Of the dietary proxies, δ13C (carbon source) was the most suitable predictor for variation in feather OHCs concentrations, while no significant relationships between body feather OHCs and δ15N (trophic position) were found. Finally, body feather corticosterone concentrations were not related to variation in OHC concentrations. This is the first study to evaluate feathers of a terrestrial bird of prey as an integrated non-destructive tool to jointly assess nestling ecophysiology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina T Randulff
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naeem A Abbasi
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences (CEES), University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torgeir Nygård
- Unit for Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology (LETIS), UR FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mari E Løseth
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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10
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G. P, D.J. S, D.B.A. T, J.C. B, R. R, E. W, S. B, D. A, J. G, L. P, N.E. A, A.L. M. Establishing haematological and biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging Scottish golden eagle nestlings (Aquila chrysaetos). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHealth assessment of individuals is an important aspect of monitoring endangered wildlife populations. Haematological and biochemical values are a common health assessment tool, and whilst reference values are well established for domestic species, they are often not available for wild animal species. This study established 31 haematological and biochemical reference intervals for golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nestlings in Scotland, in order to improve the understanding of the species’ health and support conservation efforts. Reference intervals were created from 47 nestlings (ages 2–7.5 weeks old) across 37 nests, to date, the largest sample of wild individuals of this species and age cohort sampled for these purposes. Upper reference intervals for concentrations of lymphocytes, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and monocytes, calculated in this study, are higher than those found for adult raptors and the interval span is higher than that observed in adult raptors for concentrations of AST, albumin, eosinophil, LDH, and monocyte count. Statistically significant positive correlations were found with age and concentrations of haemoglobin, lymphocytes, serum pH, and creatine kinase, and significant negative correlations with age for concentrations of thrombocytes, heterophils, total protein, globulin, and lactate dehydrogenase. Packed cell volume was significantly higher for females than males, and concentration of calcium and eosinophils were higher for individuals in good body condition than those in moderate body condition. The reference intervals produced by this study will be of important use to the veterinary and conservation management communities and will aid the long-term monitoring of the Scottish golden eagle population health.
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11
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González-Rubio S, Ballesteros-Gómez A, Asimakopoulos AG, Jaspers VLB. A review on contaminants of emerging concern in European raptors (2002-2020). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143337. [PMID: 33190891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Raptors (birds of prey and owls) have been widely used as suitable bioindicators of environmental pollution. They occupy the highest trophic positions in their food chains and are documented to bioaccumulate high concentrations of persistent pollutants such as toxic metals and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Whereas raptors played a critical role in developing awareness of and policy for chemical pollution, they have thus far played a much smaller role in current research on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Given the critical knowledge obtained from monitoring 'legacy contaminants' in raptors, more information on the levels and effects of CECs on raptors is urgently needed. This study critically reviews studies on raptors from Europe reporting the occurrence of CECs with focus on the investigated species, the sampled matrices, and the bioanalytical methods applied. Based on this, we aimed to identify future needs for monitoring CECs in Europe. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), novel flame retardants (NFRs), and to a lesser extent UV-filters, neonicotinoids, chlorinated paraffins, parabens and bisphenols have been reported in European raptors. White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) were the most frequently studied raptor species. Among matrices, eggs, feathers and plasma were the most widely employed, although the potential role of the preen gland as an excretory organ for CECs has recently been proposed. This review highlights the following research priorities for pollution research on raptors in Europe: 1) studies covering all the main classes of CECs; 2) research in other European regions (mainly East Europe); 3) identification of the most suitable matrices and species for the analysis of different CECs; and 4) the application of alternative sample treatment strategies (e.g. QuEChERS or pressurized liquid extraction) is still limited and conventional solvent-extraction is the preferred choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad González-Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Ma NL, Hansen M, Roland Therkildsen O, Kjær Christensen T, Skjold Tjørnløv R, Garbus SE, Lyngs P, Peng W, Lam SS, Kirstine Havnsøe Krogh A, Andersen-Ranberg E, Søndergaard J, Rigét FF, Dietz R, Sonne C. Body mass, mercury exposure, biochemistry and untargeted metabolomics of incubating common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in three Baltic colonies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105866. [PMID: 32590281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic/Wadden Sea Flyway of common eiders has declined over the past three decades. Multiple factors such as contaminant exposure, global warming, hunting, white-tailed eagle predation, decreased agricultural eutrophication and infectious diseases have been suggested to explain the decline. We collected information on body mass, mercury (Hg) concentration, biochemistry and untargeted metabolomics of incubating birds in two colonies in the Danish Straits (Hov Røn, n = 100; Agersø, n = 29) and in one colony in the Baltic proper (Christiansø, n = 23) to look into their metabolisms and energy balance. Body mass was available from early and late incubation for Hov Røn and Christiansø, showing a significant decline (25-30%) in both colonies with late body mass at Christiansø being the lowest. Whole blood concentrations of total mercury Hg were significantly higher in birds at Christiansø in the east compared to Hov Røn in the west. All birds in the three colonies had Hg concentrations in the range of ≤1.0 μg/g ww, which indicates that the risk of effects on reproduction is in the no to low risk category for wild birds. Among the biochemical measures, glucose, fructosamine, amylase, albumin and protein decreased significantly from early to late incubation at Hov Røn and Christiansø, reflecting long-term fastening as supported by the decline in body mass. Untargeted metabolomics performed on Christiansø eiders revealed presence of 8,433 plasma metabolites. Of these, 3,179 metabolites changed significantly (log2-fold change ≥1, p ≤ 0.05) from the early to late incubation. For example, smaller peptides and vitamin B2 (riboflavin) were significantly down-regulated while 11-deoxycorticosterone and palmitoylcarnitine were significantly upregulated. These results show that cumulative stress including fasting during incubation affect the eiders' biochemical profile and energy metabolism and that this may be most pronounced for the Christiansø colony in the Baltic proper. This amplify the events of temperature increases and food web changes caused by global warming that eventually accelerate the loss in body weight. Future studies should examine the relationship between body condition, temperature and reproductive outcomes and include mapping of food web contaminant, energy and nutrient content to better understand, manage and conserve the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyuk Ling Ma
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Martin Hansen
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Rune Skjold Tjørnløv
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Svend-Erik Garbus
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Lyngs
- Christiansø Scientific Field Station, Christiansø 97, DK-3760 Gudhjem, Denmark
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Anne Kirstine Havnsøe Krogh
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Emilie Andersen-Ranberg
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Frank F Rigét
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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13
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Garbus SE, Havnse Krogh AK, Jacobsen ML, Sonne C. Pathology and Plasma Biochemistry of Common Eider ( Somateria mollissima) Males Wintering in the Danish Part of the Western Baltic. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:302-307. [PMID: 31893627 DOI: 10.1647/2018-379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood biochemistry, body mass, and gross pathology of male eiders (Somateria mollissima) wintering in the Inner Danish Waters of the western Baltic Sea (the Great Belt Strait) were assessed in this study. In November 2015, 14 specimens were obtained from the area defined for examination. Of the subject animals captured, 1 had dilated intestines and 2 had granulomas with encapsulated shotgun pellets considered to be chronic in nature. All 14 males were determined to have enteritis along with acanthocephalan and trematode endoparasites. Compared with reference values for captive eiders, plasma values of alanine aminotransferase (93%), total bilirubin (45%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (41%), and alkaline phosphatase (92%) showed significant increases in all 14 male birds. Altogether, the plasma biochemistry and gross pathology findings suggest that up to as many as 20% of the eider males in the Inner Danish Waters of the western Baltic Sea may suffer from liver and bile duct lesions and enteritis. The overall effect on the bird's survival from the results of this investigation is unknown. Therefore, the authors emphasize that more research is required on wintering eiders in the western Baltic to obtain a better understanding of their overall health status during winter, as well as their responses to wound-related lesions associated with gunshot pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Erik Garbus
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Havnse Krogh
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mona Lykke Jacobsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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14
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Wu Y, Simon KL, Best DA, Bowerman W, Venier M. Novel and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in bald eagle eggs from the Great Lakes region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113811. [PMID: 32369891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Decades of large-scale production of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment worldwide. Similarly to other persistent and bioaccumulative organic contaminants, some PFASs, particularly the long-chain congeners, can be biomagnified via food webs, making top predators vulnerable to elevated PFAS exposure. In this study, we measured seven classes of PFASs in bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) eggs for the first time. The eggs (n = 22) were collected from the North American Great Lakes in 2000-2012. The ranges of total concentrations of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (∑PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (∑PFCAs) were 30.5-1650 and 5.4-216 ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively. In addition to these traditional PFAS compounds, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS; median: 15.7 ng/g ww), perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonic acid (PFECHS; 0.22 ng/g ww), and 8-chloro-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (Cl-PFOS, detected in wildlife for the first time; 0.53 ng/g ww) were also frequently detected. Bald eagle eggs from breeding areas located less than 8 km from a Great Lake shoreline or tributary had significantly greater total PFAS concentrations (∑PFASs) than those from breeding areas located further than 8 km (p < 0.05). In these samples, ∑PFASs rivalled the total concentration of brominated flame retardants, and were significantly greater than those of several other organic contaminants, such as dechlorane-related compounds, organophosphate esters, and flame retardant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kendall L Simon
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field Office, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
| | - David A Best
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-retired, Ecological Services Field Office, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - William Bowerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Marta Venier
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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15
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Jouanneau W, Bårdsen BJ, Herzke D, Johnsen TV, Eulaers I, Bustnes JO. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in White-Tailed Eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla) Nestlings from Northern Norway-A Ten-Year Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5011-5020. [PMID: 32200622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Scandinavia has suffered from impaired reproduction due to high exposure to industrial pollution between the 1960s and 1980s. While population numbers are rising again, new contaminants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are increasingly found in high trophic avifauna and are of concern to potentially impact once again on population health. In the present study, we examined PFAS levels in plasma of white-tailed eagle nestlings from northern Norway over the last decade (2008-2017). While PFOA and PFNA exposure did not follow a significant time trend, PFOS and PFHxS concentrations decreased over time, and ≥C11 perfluorinated carboxylic acids only seem to level off during the last four years. This may in fact be the first evidence for a change in the trend for some of these compounds. Furthermore, since several PFAS are expected to be highly present in aqueous film-forming foams used at airports, we also investigate the potential of the two main airports in the region to act as hotspots for PFAS. Our results indeed show decreasing exposure to PFOA with distance to the airports. Altogether, our results seem to show that legislation actions are effective, and continued concern for PFAS exposure of high trophic wildlife is still warranted, even in the northern environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jouanneau
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Johnsen
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Marteinson SC, Verreault J. Changes in plasma biochemistry in breeding ring-billed gulls: Effects of anthropogenic habitat use and contaminant exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105416. [PMID: 31864027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gulls (Larids) have become successful at exploiting anthropogenic areas for foraging. However, little is known on the health implications of using anthropogenic habitats and on the associated exposure to environmental contaminants, particularly with respect to plasma biochemistry that is routinely used to diagnose physiological disorders and diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of anthropogenic habitat use and exposure to ubiquitous halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) on plasma biochemistry of urban-breeding ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) from one of the largest colonies in North America. Miniature GPS dataloggers were used to characterize foraging habitat use of individual gulls (n = 39) at the regional scale (urban, waste management facilities, agricultural fields, and St. Lawrence River) in the Montreal area (QC, Canada), and plasma was analyzed for a suite of biochemical measures (waste products, lipids, glucose, ions, proteins, and enzymes) and HFRs. Several confounding biological and environmental variables were also assessed including sex, body condition, time spent fasting while incubating, plasma thyroid hormone levels, time of day, capture date, and ambient temperature. As ring-billed gulls (males and females combined) spent more time foraging in urban areas, their plasma concentrations of cholesterol, albumin and activity of alkaline phosphatase increased significantly. Moreover, as the gulls spent more time foraging in agricultural fields, their plasma concentrations of phosphorous and activity of aspartate aminotransferase increased significantly. Only the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was significantly positively related to plasma HFR concentrations (PBDEs and dechlorane-related compounds). Time spent fasting while incubating, plasma thyroid hormone levels, body condition, time of day, and capture date were significantly related to certain plasma biochemical measures. The present results suggest that both the use of anthropogenic habitats for foraging and exposure to HFRs may affect the plasma biochemistry of ring-billed gulls breeding in the densely-populated Montreal area, suggesting potential adverse health effects for avian wildlife living in highly urbanized environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Marteinson
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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17
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Briels N, Torgersen LN, Castaño-Ortiz JM, Løseth ME, Herzke D, Nygård T, Bustnes JO, Ciesielski TM, Poma G, Malarvannan G, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB. Integrated exposure assessment of northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nestlings to legacy and emerging organic pollutants using non-destructive samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108678. [PMID: 31520824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, concentrations of legacy and emerging contaminants were determined in three non-destructive matrices (plasma, preen oil and body feathers) of northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) nestlings. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), together with emerging pollutants, including per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and Dechlorane Plus isomers (DPs) were targeted. Plasma, preen oil and feather samples were collected from 61 goshawk nestlings in Norway (Trøndelag and Troms) in 2015 and 2016, and pollutant concentrations were compared between the three matrices. In plasma, PFASs were detected in the highest concentrations, ranging between 1.37 and 36.0 ng/mL, which suggests that the nestlings were recently and continuously exposed to these emerging contaminants, likely through dietary input. In preen oil, OCPs (169-3560 ng/g) showed the highest concentrations among the investigated compounds, consistent with their high lipophilicity. PFRs (2.60-314 ng/g) were the dominant compounds in feathers and are thought to originate mainly from external deposition, as they were not detected in the other two matrices. NBFRs and DPs were generally not detected in the nestlings, suggesting low presence of these emerging contaminants in their environment and/or low absorption. Strong and significant correlations between matrices were found for all POPs (rs = 0.46-0.95, p < 0.001), except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB, rs = 0.20, p = 0.13). Correlations for PFASs were less conclusive: linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA) and perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeA) showed strong and significant correlations between plasma and feathers (rs = 0.42-0.72, p < 0.02), however no correlation was found for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTriA) (rs = 0.05-0.33, p = 0.09-0.85). A lack of consistency between the PFAS compounds (contrary to POPs), and between studies, prevents concluding on the suitability of the investigated matrices for PFAS biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Briels
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lene Norstrand Torgersen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose Maria Castaño-Ortiz
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Engvig Løseth
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), FRAM Centre, 9007, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torgeir Nygård
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM Centre, 9007, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giulia Poma
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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18
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Løseth ME, Flo J, Sonne C, Krogh AKH, Nygård T, Bustnes JO, Jenssen BM, Jaspers VLB. The influence of natural variation and organohalogenated contaminants on physiological parameters in white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) nestlings from Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108586. [PMID: 31377582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs), even at low concentrations, may cause detrimental effects on the development and health of wild birds. The present study investigated if environmental exposure to OHCs may influence the variation of multiple physiological parameters in Norwegian white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) nestlings. Plasma and feather samples were obtained from 70 nestlings at two archipelagos in Norway in 2015 and 2016. The selected physiological parameters were plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxine, T4 and triiodothyronine, T3), plasma proteins (prealbumin, albumin, α1-, α2-, β- and γ-globulins) and selected blood clinical chemical parameters (BCCPs) associated with liver and kidney functioning. Feather concentrations of corticosterone (CORTf) were also included to investigate the overall stress level of the nestlings. Concentrations of all studied physiological parameters were within the ranges of those found in other species of free-living birds of prey nestlings and indicated that the white-tailed eagle nestlings were in good health. Our statistical models indicated that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and legacy OHCs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, influenced only a minor fraction of the variation of plasma thyroid hormones, prealbumin and CORTf (5-15%), and partly explained the selected BCCPs (<26%). Most of the variation in each studied physiological parameter was explained by variation between nests, which is most likely due to natural physiological variation of nestlings in these nests. This indicates the importance of accounting for between nest variation in future studies. In the present nestlings, OHC concentrations were relatively low and seem to have played a secondary role compared to natural variation concerning the variation of physiological parameters. However, our study also indicates a potential for OHC-induced effects on thyroid hormones, CORTf, prealbumin and BCCPs, which could be of concern in birds exposed to higher OHC concentrations than the present white-tailed eagle nestlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Engvig Løseth
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jørgen Flo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University (AU), DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Havnsøe Krogh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Frederiksberg C, DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Torgeir Nygård
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), NO-7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, NO-9007, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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19
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Gómez-Ramírez P, Pérez-García JM, León-Ortega M, Martínez JE, Calvo JF, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Botella F, María-Mojica P, Martínez-López E, García-Fernández AJ. Spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: Influence of government regulations and farming practices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108543. [PMID: 31260915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. The use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. Detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. This study evaluates the variation in levels of OCPs in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices around the nests. METHODS Between 2003 and 2007, we analysed OCP levels in 256 blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) chicks nesting in area of intensive commercial agriculture with historical frequent use of pesticides, in South-eastern Spain. We studied year-to-year variations in OCP concentrations and their relation with land use configuration around raptor nests by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). RESULTS OCPs were detected in 100% samples surveyed in 2003 and 2004, while dropped to 27% in 2005, 6.8% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007, coinciding with the ban of OCPs. The presence of the main OCPs was related to agricultural practices. In particular, endosulfan and lindane were related to irrigated crops and urban areas, while DDT-related compounds and dieldrin were associated with dry land farming. CONCLUSIONS OCP concentrations in blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owls may respond quickly to the implementations of new regulations about the use of agricultural products. This raptor was confirmed as a good sentinel species allowing rapid detection of changes in pesticides use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Group of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia Region, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-García
- Ecology Area, Department of Applied Biology. University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Mario León-Ortega
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Enrique Martínez
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Francisco Calvo
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Botella
- Ecology Area, Department of Applied Biology. University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Pedro María-Mojica
- "Santa Faz" Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, Alicante, Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Group of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia Region, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Juan García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Group of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia Region, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Tauler-Ametller H, Lacorte S, Hernández-Matías A, Real J, Mateo R. Accumulation of pollutants in nestlings of an endangered avian scavenger related to territory urbanization and physiological biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1801-1809. [PMID: 31299509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We monitor pollutant accumulation and investigate associated changes at the physiological level within the population of an obligate avian scavenger, the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), from Catalonia (NE Spain). This population is expanding its range, presumably because of the use of human waste disposal sites as food resource. We hypothesized that habitat urbanization, presumably associated with feeding from human wastes, could influence the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and metals. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between accumulated pollutants and biochemical parameters in nestling blood. We used the proportion of urban surface within an 8 km radius of each nest as a proxy to study the relationship between anthropic influence and pollutant accumulation. Observed blood levels of metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were relatively low, as expected for nestling individuals due to short-term exposures. CB-180 and PBDEs were associated with variations in blood biochemistry parameters; hexa-BDEs appeared positively associated with activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas CB-180 accumulation was associated with an increased activity of creatine phosphokinase and elevated glutathione levels. Increased CB-180 levels were also related to decreased blood concentrations of calcium, cholesterol, α-tocopherol and lutein. A proportion of urban surfaces as low as 6.56% within a radius of 8 km around the nest appears related to the accumulation of CB-180, the majority of analysed PFAS and of PBDE congeners 99 and 209, and increased urbanization was also associated with decreased plasma levels of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. These associations suggest that changes in blood profiles of vitamins, carotenoids or other analytes, despite related to increased plasma levels of CB-180, would be consequence of exploitation of artificial food sources rather than of a direct effect of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Helena Tauler-Ametller
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC) CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Barghi M, Jin X, Lee S, Jeong Y, Yu JP, Paek WK, Moon HB. Accumulation and exposure assessment of persistent chlorinated and fluorinated contaminants in Korean birds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:220-228. [PMID: 30029105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, information is scarce on the accumulation and potential risks of persistent chlorinated and fluorinated contaminants in birds. In this study, organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), were measured in the liver tissues of 10 bird species (n = 69) from Korea. Among the OHCs, PFASs showed the highest concentration, ranging from 5.40 to 11,300 (median: 294) ng/g wet weight. The median concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in all the bird samples were 147 and 81.9 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. The maximum concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) observed in our bird samples was highest reported so far. Concentrations of OHCs in predatory birds were significantly greater than those measured in non-predatory birds, indicating the importance of diet and trophic position for bioaccumulation of these contaminants. In addition, different accumulation patterns of OHCs were found between predatory and non-predatory birds. Significant correlations were found between organochlorine concentrations and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) measurements, whereas no correlation was found between PFASs and δ15N. Although the concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in birds were lower than the threshold levels, 25% and 49% of birds exceeded the toxicity reference value and predicted no effect concentration for PFOS, respectively, implying potential health risks to Korean birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Barghi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pyoung Yu
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Kee Paek
- National Science Museum, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Ciesielski TM, Sonne C, Ormbostad I, Aars J, Lie E, Bytingsvik J, Jenssen BM. Effects of biometrics, location and persistent organic pollutants on blood clinical-chemical parameters in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard, Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:387-399. [PMID: 29860211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, blood clinical-chemical parameters (BCCPs) were analysed in 20 female and 18 male Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus) captured in spring 2007. The aim was to study how age, body condition (BC), biometrics, plasma lipid content and geographical location may confound the relationship between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including PCBs, HCB, chlordanes, DDTs, HCHs, mirex and OH-PCBs and the concentrations of 12 specific BCCPs (hematocrit [HCT], hemoglobin [HB], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT], alanine aminotransferase [ALAT], γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT], creatine kinase [CK], triglycerides [TG], cholesterol [CHOL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], creatinine (CREA], urea, potassium (K]), and to investigate if any of these BCCPs may be applied as potential biomarkers for POP exposure in polar bears. Initial PCA and O-PLS modelling showed that age, lipids, BC and geographical location (longitude and latitude) were important parameters explaining BCCPs in females. Following subsequent partial correlation analyses correcting for age and lipids, multiple POPs in females were still significantly correlated with HCT and HDL (all p < 0.05). In males, age, BM, BC and longitude were important parameters explaining BCCPs. Following partial correlation analyses correcting for age, biometrics, lipids and longitude in males, multiple POPs were significantly correlated with HCT, ASAT, GGT and CHOL (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, several confounding parameters has to be taken into account when studying the relations between BCCPs and POPs in polar bears. When correcting for these, in particular HCT may be used as a simple cost-efficient biomarker of POP exposure in polar bears. Furthermore, decreasing HDL concentrations and increasing CHOL concentration with increasing POP concentrations may indicate responses related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We therefore suggest to further study POP exposure and lipidome response to increase knowledge of the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome in polar bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, POBox 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Ingunn Ormbostad
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jon Aars
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Elisabeth Lie
- Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jenny Bytingsvik
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, POBox 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svarbard, POBox 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway.
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23
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Espín S, Terraube J, Arroyo B, Camarero PR, Mateo R, Limiñana R, Vázquez-Pumariño X, Pinilla A, García JT, Mougeot F. Blood concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs in harriers breeding in Spain and Kazakhstan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1287-1297. [PMID: 29929241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OC) are of interest in current biomonitoring studies because of their well-known persistence, accumulation capacity and the adverse effects they caused in the past. P,p'-DDE has been shown to cause severe reproductive failures and population declines in birds of prey. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding OC exposure for some species (e.g. harriers), the historical record and the broader picture. The main goal was to evaluate exposure to p,p'-DDE and PCBs in two raptor species: Montagu's and pallid harriers (Circus pygargus and Circus macrourus), and to investigate if birds from different breeding areas and wintering grounds differ in pollutant levels. For this purpose, we collected blood of adult and nestling Montagu's and pallid harriers breeding in the natural steppes of Kazakhstan, and adult and nestling Montagu's harriers breeding in agricultural and natural habitats of Spain, in 2007-2008. We determined the blood concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs. Adult harriers generally showed higher concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs than nestlings, probably because they had more time for a progressive accumulation of these compounds due to a higher intake than excretion rate. The p,p'-DDE concentrations in adults were equivalent in all the studied areas. The ratio p,p'-DDE/PCB 153 was higher in adults than in nestlings, suggesting that a portion of the p,p'-DDE in adult harriers may have come from p,p'-DDT applied in the past in the wintering areas. Overall, the concentrations of p,p'-DDE and ∑PCBs reported were generally low and below any demonstrated threshold of harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Julien Terraube
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Natural Research Ltd, Hill of Brathens, Glassel, Banchory AB31 4BY, United Kingdom.
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Rubén Limiñana
- Departamento de Didáctica General y Didácticas Específicas, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio Pinilla
- AMUS (Acción por el Mundo Salvaje), Finca las Minas, 06220 Villafranca De Los Barros - Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Jesús T García
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - François Mougeot
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Garcia-Heras MS, Arroyo B, Simmons RE, Camarero PR, Mateo R, Mougeot F. Blood concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in an avian predator endemic to southern Africa: Associations with habitat, electrical transformers and diet. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:440-449. [PMID: 28986081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Persistent pollutants such as organochlorine compounds (OCs) have been highlighted as a cause of population decline in avian predators. Understanding patterns of OCs contamination can be crucial for the conservation of affected species, yet little is known on these threats to African raptors. Here we report on OC concentrations in an endangered predator endemic to southern Africa, the Black Harrier Circus maurus. Blood samples were collected in 2012-2014 from wild nestlings (n = 90) and adults (n = 23) in south-western South Africa, where agriculture and urbanization have developed rapidly since the 1950s. Polychlorinated biphenyl (ΣPCB) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT, for p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE) were detected in 79% and 84% of sampled individuals, respectively, with varying concentrations among demographic groups: nestlings had significantly higher ΣPCB and p,p'-DDT concentrations than adults, while adults had higher levels of p,p'-DDE than nestlings. Levels of ΣPCB significantly increased with an index of electric transformer density, a measure of the number and power of electric transformers around active nests. We propose this index as a useful tool for assessing ΣPCB exposure risk in other wildlife. Levels of p,p'-DDE significantly increased with the proportion of wetlands within the breeding territory, and also with the proportion of bird biomass in the diet. No association was found between OC levels and the protected area status of nesting sites. Physiological effects of contaminants were also manifest in increased white blood cell counts with higher p,p'-DDT levels. Heterophil to lymphocyte ratio increased with higher ΣPCB levels, suggesting increased physiological stress and reduced immunity in contaminated individuals. Our results suggest that OCs are still a current cause of concern for endangered Black Harriers, as well as other sympatric predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Garcia-Heras
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Robert E Simmons
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francois Mougeot
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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25
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Gómez-Ramírez P, Bustnes JO, Eulaers I, Herzke D, Johnsen TV, Lepoint G, Pérez-García JM, García-Fernández AJ, Jaspers VLB. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in plasma and feathers of nestling birds of prey from northern Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:277-285. [PMID: 28662453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma samples from nestlings of two top predators, White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) from northern Norway were analysed for a wide range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Body feathers from the White-tailed eagles were also analysed and significant associations between specific PFASs in blood plasma and body feathers were found (0.36 <R2 < 0.67; all p < 0.05). This result suggests that analysing body feathers of White-tailed eagle could potentially be a useful non-invasive strategy to monitor PFASs exposure in nestlings of this species. White-tailed eagles showed significantly higher levels of contaminants than Northern goshawks (plasma ∑PFASs Median = 45.83 vs 17.02ngmL-1, p <0.05). The different exposure between both species seemed to be related to different dietary input, as quantified by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of body feathers. A priori, the bird of prey populations studied are not at risk for PFASs, since the levels in plasma of both species were hundreds to thousand times lower than the toxic reference values reported for predatory birds. However, further studies on larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this hypothesis since toxic thresholds for nestling birds of prey are not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - J O Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, The Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - I Eulaers
- Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 9010 Tromsø, Norway
| | - T V Johnsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, The Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - G Lepoint
- Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liège, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - J M Pérez-García
- Ecology Area, Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - V L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7024 Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Hanssen SA, Sonne C, Bustnes JO, Schnug L, Bourgeon S, Ballesteros M, Eulaers I, Moum T, Johnsen TV, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Herzke D, Jaspers VL, Covaci A, Eens M, Halley DJ, Erikstad KE, Ims RA. Anti-parasite treatment and blood biochemistry in raptor nestlings. CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of parasite removal on various blood clinical–chemical variables (BCCVs). BCCVs are indicators of health, reflecting, e.g., homeostasis of liver, kidney function, and bone metabolism. The study was conducted in Norway on chicks of two predatory birds: White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla (L., 1758)) and Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis (L., 1758)). Chicks were treated against both endoparasites (internal parasites) and ectoparasites (external parasites). We treated against ectoparasites by spraying nests with pyrethrins. Within nests, chicks were randomly treated with either an anti-helminthic medication (fenbendazole) or sterile water (controls). Treatment against either ectoparasites or endoparasites led to higher levels of the bone and liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Bilirubin levels were lower when treated against ectoparasites, whereas bile acids were higher. Anti-endoparasite treatment led to higher creatinine levels. In Northern Goshawks, treating against endoparasites led to higher urea levels and lower potassium levels. Treatment against ectoparasites increased uric acid and urea levels and reduced bilirubin levels and protein:creatinine ratios. In conclusion, anti-parasite treatments led to changes in several BCCVs, suggesting differences in nutrient absorption and physiological state of chicks that are possibly related to the costs of parasitism, but maybe also to the parasite treatment itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinn Are Hanssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Århus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Schnug
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Soil, Water and Environment Division, Fr. A. Dahlsvei 20, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sophie Bourgeon
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manuel Ballesteros
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Igor Eulaers
- Århus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Ethology Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Truls Moum
- University of Nordland, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, NO-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Johnsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Veerle L.B. Jaspers
- Ethology Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Ethology Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Duncan J. Halley
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Terrestrial Ecology, Postboks 5685 Sluppen, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Einar Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Anker Ims
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Unit for Arctic Ecology, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Champoux L, Boily M, Fitzgerald G. Thyroid Hormones, Retinol and Clinical Parameters in Relation to Mercury and Organohalogen Contaminants in Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Nestlings from the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:200-214. [PMID: 28102440 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The exposure and effects of persistent environmental contaminants were investigated in great blue heron (Ardea herodias) nestlings sampled in 2001, 2002, 2006, and 2007 in freshwater and estuarine heronries along the St. Lawrence River, Québec (Canada). Biomarkers (retinoids, thyroid hormones, and clinical parameters) and contaminants (organochlorine contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and mercury (Hg)) were analyzed in blood, and Hg was analyzed in feathers (generally 9 nestlings per colony and 4 colonies per year). Feather Hg and most contaminants detected in blood were found in higher concentrations in birds from freshwater than estuarine colonies more distant from the pollution sources. Among freshwater colonies, Ile aux Hérons showed the highest levels of contaminants, with mean Hg concentrations of 8.4 and 0.55 mg/kg in feathers and plasma, respectively, and plasma ΣBFRs of 19.6 ng/g ww. The highest mean ΣPCBs, 56.5 ng/g ww, was measured at Grande Ile in 2001. The levels of contaminants in heron nestlings were generally below critical thresholds for adverse effects observed on reproduction or survival. Retinol, dehydroretinol (DROH), and thyroid hormone concentrations differed significantly among colonies. Retinol concentrations were negatively related to ΣPCBs, whereas DROH concentrations were negatively related to Hg and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were negatively related to ΣBFRs. These results indicate that contaminants from the St. Lawrence River could impair the development and fitness of great blue heron nestlings and emphasize the need for more research on the great blue heron population to assess their health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Champoux
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 801-1550 av d'Estimauville, Québec, QC, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Guy Fitzgerald
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
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Pedersen KE, Letcher RJ, Sonne C, Dietz R, Styrishave B. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) - New endocrine disruptors in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:180-189. [PMID: 27692342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging in the Arctic and accumulate in brain tissues of East Greenland (EG) polar bears. In vitro studies have shown that PFASs might possess endocrine disrupting abilities and therefore the present study was conducted to investigate potential PFAS induced alterations in brain steroid concentrations. The concentrations of eleven steroid hormones were determined in eight brain regions from ten EG polar bears. Pregnenolone (PRE), the dominant progestagen, was found in mean concentrations of 5-47ng/g (ww) depending on brain region. PRE showed significantly (p<0.01) higher concentrations in female compared to male bears. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) found in mean concentrations 0.67-4.58ng/g (ww) was the androgen found in highest concentrations. Among the estrogens estrone (E1) showed mean concentrations of 0.90-2.21ng/g (ww) and was the most abundant. Remaining steroid hormones were generally present in concentrations below 2ng/g (ww). Steroid levels in brain tissue could not be explained by steroid levels in plasma. There was however a trend towards increasing estrogen levels in plasma resulting in increasing levels of androgens in brain tissue. Correlative analyses showed positive associations between PFASs and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (OH-PRE) (e.g. perflouroalkyl sulfonates (∑PFSA): p<0.01, r=0.39; perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (∑PFCA): p<0.01, r=0.61) and PFCA and testosterone (TS) (∑PFCA: p=0.03, r=0.30) across brain regions. Further when investigating correlative associations in specific brain regions significant positive correlations were found between ∑PFCA and several steroid hormones in the occipital lobe. Correlative positive associations between PFCAs and steroids were especially observed for PRE, progesterone (PRO), OH-PRE, DHEA, androstenedione (AN) and testosterone (TS) (all p≤0.01, r≥0.7). The results from the present study generally indicate that an increase in PFASs concentration seems to concur with an increase in steroid hormones of EG polar bears. It is, however, not possible to determine whether alterations in brain steroid concentrations arise from interference with de novo steroid synthesis or via disruption of peripheral steroidogenic tissues mainly in gonads and feedback mechanisms. Steroids are important for brain plasticity and gender specific behavior as well as postnatal development and sexually dimorph brain function. The present work indicates an urgent need for a better mechanistic understanding of how PFASs may affect the endocrine system of polar bears and potentially other mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Eggers Pedersen
- Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Advanced Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, P.O. Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, P.O. Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Advanced Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pérez-López M, De la Casa-Resino I, Hernández-Moreno D, Galeano J, Míguez-Santiyán MP, de Castro-Lorenzo A, Otero-Filgueiras M, Rivas-López O, Soler F. Concentrations of Metals, Metalloids, and Chlorinated Pollutants in Blood and Plasma of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) Nestlings From Spain. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:313-321. [PMID: 27475645 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of different inorganic elements (lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], and arsenic [As]) and persistent chlorinated pollutants (including polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] and organochlorine pesticides [OCPs]) in blood and plasma of White stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings from northwest (NW) Spain. The concentrations of PCBs were lower than the limit of detection in all samples. The OCPs γ-HCH, 4,4'-DDE, HCB, and endosulfan were detected most frequently in plasma from White stork nestlings. These OCPs were detected in 98, 54, 39, and 37 % of all samples, respectively. However, the concentrations of organic pollutants were lower than the risk thresholds for birds. The mean levels of the inorganic elements Pb, Hg, and As were found to be 36.92 ± 33.48, 16.48 ± 12.87, and 9.813 ± 13.84 µg/L, respectively. These levels were also lower than the risk thresholds for birds. This study not only provides a snapshot of the levels of both inorganic and organic contaminants in wild White storks in NW Spain, it also provides a useful baseline for biomonitoring levels of the measured contaminants in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain.
- INBIO G+C Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - I De la Casa-Resino
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - D Hernández-Moreno
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Galeano
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - M P Míguez-Santiyán
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
- INBIO G+C Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain
| | - A de Castro-Lorenzo
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - M Otero-Filgueiras
- Association for the Study and Conservation of Biodiversity, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - O Rivas-López
- Association for the Study and Conservation of Biodiversity, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
- IPROCAR Research Institute, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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30
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Gómez-Ramírez P, Martínez-López E, Espín S, Jiménez P, María-Mojica P, Pérez-García JM, León-Ortega M, García-Fernández AJ. Haematocrit and blood biochemical parameters in free-living Eurasian eagle owls (Bubo bubo) from Southeastern Spain: study of age and sex differences. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-016-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Ayandiran TA, Dahunsi SO. Toxicological assessment of fish (Clarias gariepinus) from bitumen-polluted River Oluwa, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:71. [PMID: 26725477 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological evaluation of Clarias gariepinus from bitumen-polluted River Oluwa, Nigeria, was carried out in furtherance of studies on the environmental impacts of the bitumen exploration in Ondo State, Nigeria. Samples were taken from three different (two polluted and one as control) sites. The effect of changes in monthly seasonal flow rate was assessed for the sites of study. Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters (BCCPs) and histological changes/lesions in various organs were evaluated as markers of pollution in the fish blood using standard methods. The result of the physicochemical properties of water from the sampling points revealed some of the values conforming to approved standards while others showed deviation. Significant differences were found in the blood and histological endpoints between the control and the polluted sites as well as between the two seasons evaluated across the sites. The public health implications of consuming this fish are fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ayandiran
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria.
| | - S O Dahunsi
- Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.
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Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Resano-Mayor J, Hernández-Matías A, Rodríguez-Estival J, Camarero PR, Moleón M, Real J, Mateo R. Pollutant accumulation patterns in nestlings of an avian top predator: biochemical and metabolic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:692-702. [PMID: 26327637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to persistent pollutants such as organochlorine compounds (OCs) or metals has been associated with declines in top predator populations, which can accumulate high amounts of these pollutants from their prey. However, understanding how variation in OC and metal accumulation in wild species affects their biochemical and physiological responses is a big challenge, especially for endangered predators like the Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). This bird of prey is an interesting study model because the differences in diet composition among populations and territories can account for important pollutant uptake variations. We compared OC and metal accumulation in blood of Bonelli's eagle nestlings from three populations across Spain as a function of origin, age class (nestlings vs. adults), sex and number of siblings per nest, and related accumulation patterns to responses indicative of body condition, biochemistry and antioxidant status. Nestlings from Catalonia, the most industrialized area, showed the highest concentrations of PCBs and arsenic, and the lowest concentrations of zinc. The two former substances, together with DDTs, exerted an overall influence on nestling's physiology. PCBs and arsenic were associated with reduced retinol levels, pointing to oxidative damage in exposed individuals, which was also consistent with the low zinc levels in individuals from the polluted region. Increased plasma DDT levels were related to reduced body condition and lower levels of triglycerides. Mercury accumulation in Castile and Leon was higher in nestlings that were alone in the nest than in nestlings that shared it with a sibling; this suggests an increased mercury uptake from secondary prey in territories where preferred prey (i.e. rabbits) are scarce, which are also the territories where productivity is reduced. Overall, the results reveal a spatial variation in pollutant accumulation patterns and associated physiological effects, and suggest the major role that territory quality may have in such patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Jaime Resano-Mayor
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joan Real
- Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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33
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Fernie KJ, Palace V, Peters LE, Basu N, Letcher RJ, Karouna-Renier NK, Schultz SL, Lazarus RS, Rattner BA. Investigating endocrine and physiological parameters of captive American kestrels exposed by diet to selected organophosphate flame retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7448-55. [PMID: 25988605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters are high production volume additive flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers. Shown to accumulate in abiotic and biotic environmental compartments, little is known about the risks they pose. Captive adult male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed the same dose (22 ng OPFR/g kestrel/d) daily (21 d) of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), or tris(1,2-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). Concentrations were undetected in tissues (renal, hepatic), suggesting rapid metabolism. There were no changes in glutathione status, indicators of hepatic oxidative status, or the cholinergic system (i.e., cerebrum, plasma cholinesterases; cerebrum muscarinic, nicotinic receptors). Modest changes occurred in hepatocyte integrity and function (clinical chemistry). Significant effects on plasma free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations occurred with exposure to TBOEP, TCEP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP; TBOEP and TCEP had additional overall effects on free thyroxine (FT4), whereas TDCIPP also influenced total thyroxine (TT4). Relative increases (32%-96%) in circulating FT3, TT3, FT4, and/or TT4 were variable with each OPFR at 7 d exposure, but limited thereafter, which was likely maintained through decreased thyroid gland activity and increased hepatic deiodinase activity. The observed physiological and endocrine effects occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations and suggest parent OPFRs or metabolites may have been present despite rapid degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vince Palace
- ‡Stantec Consulting Ltd., 386 Broadway Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3C 3R6
| | - Lisa E Peters
- ‡Stantec Consulting Ltd., 386 Broadway Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3C 3R6
| | - Nil Basu
- §McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, PQ, Canada H9X 3V9
| | | | - Natalie K Karouna-Renier
- ⊥U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- ⊥U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Rebecca S Lazarus
- ⊥U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Barnett A Rattner
- ⊥U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC East Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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34
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de la Casa-Resino I, Hernández-Moreno D, Castellano A, Pérez-López M, Soler F. Chlorinated pollutants in blood of White stork nestlings (Ciconia ciconia) in different colonies in Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:367-372. [PMID: 25465955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of persistent chlorinated pollutants (POPs) in wild birds. The concentrations of multiple POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in plasma of White stork nestlings. Blood samples were collected from three breeding colonies located in the West of Spain that were exposed to different environmental conditions and human activities. The concentrations of PCBs were below the limit of detection in all samples. The OCPs Heptaclor, 4,4′-DDE, endosulfan and aldrin were detected most frequently in plasma from White stork nestlings. From these four compounds, 4,4′-DDE and Heptaclor were found in high abundance. OCPs could not be detected in the colony breading nearby a landfill and an intensive agricultural area, indicating that these banned compounds are not taken up by crops growing in this area. However, birds from the colony breading next to a landfill exhibited the highest OCPs levels. These high levels might be due to exposure of the mothers to OCPs during their migration to Africa and subsequent transfer to their eggs.
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35
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Braun JP, Bourgès-Abella N, Geffré A, Concordet D, Trumel C. The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 44:8-25. [PMID: 25438659 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the general causes of preanalytic variability with a few examples showing specialists and practitioners that special and improved care should be given to this too often neglected phase. The preanalytic phase of clinical pathology includes all the steps from specimen collection to analysis. It is the phase where most laboratory errors occur in human, and probably also in veterinary clinical pathology. Numerous causes may affect the validity of the results, including technical factors, such as the choice of anticoagulant, the blood vessel sampled, and the duration and conditions of specimen handling. While the latter factors can be defined, influence of biologic and physiologic factors such as feeding and fasting, stress, and biologic and endocrine rhythms can often not be controlled. Nevertheless, as many factors as possible should at least be documented. The importance of the preanalytic phase is often not given the necessary attention, although the validity of the results and consequent clinical decision making and medical management of animal patients would likely be improved if the quality of specimens submitted to the laboratory was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Braun
- Sciences cliniques, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 0006, Toulouse, France
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36
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Szwergold BS, Miller CB. Potential of Birds to Serve as Pathology-Free Models of Type 2 Diabetes, Part 2: Do High Levels of Carbonyl-Scavenging Amino Acids (e.g., Taurine) and Low Concentrations of Methylglyoxal Limit the Production of Advanced Glycation End-Products? Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:347-58. [PMID: 24684667 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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37
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Eulaers I, Jaspers VLB, Halley DJ, Lepoint G, Nygård T, Pinxten R, Covaci A, Eens M. Brominated and phosphorus flame retardants in White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings: bioaccumulation and associations with dietary proxies (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and δ³⁴S). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 478:48-57. [PMID: 24530584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known on the exposure of high trophic level species to current-use brominated (BFRs) and phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), although observations on their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity have been made. We investigated the accumulation of BFRs and PFRs, and their associations with dietary proxies (δ(13)C, δ(15)N and δ(34)S), in plasma and feathers of White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla nestlings from Trøndelag, Norway. In addition to accumulation of a wide range of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in both plasma and feathers, all non-PBDE BFRs and PFRs could be measured in feathers, while in plasma only two of six PFRs, i.e. tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris-(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) were detected. PFR concentrations in feathers (0.95-3,000 ng g(-1)) were much higher than selected organochlorines (OCs), such as polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (CB 153; 2.3-15 ng g(-1)) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE; 2.3-21 ng g(-1)), PBDEs (0.03-2.3 ng g(-1)) and non-PBDE BFRs (0.03-1.5 ng g(-1)). Non-significant associations of PFR concentrations in feathers with those in plasma (P ≥ 0.74), and their similarity to reported atmospheric PFR concentrations, may suggest atmospheric PFR deposition on feathers. Most OCs and PBDEs, as well as tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(phenyl) phosphate (TPHP) and tri-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) were associated to δ(15)N and/or δ(13)C (all P ≤ 0.02). Besides δ(15)N enrichment, δ(34)S was depleted in nestlings from fjords, inherently close to an urbanised centre. As such, both may have been a spatial proxy for anthropogenic disturbance, possible confounding their use as dietary proxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Eulaers
- Ethology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Ethology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Duncan J Halley
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Postboks 5685 Sluppen, 7485 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- MARE Centre, Oceanology, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Torgeir Nygård
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Postboks 5685 Sluppen, 7485 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Rianne Pinxten
- Ethology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Ethology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Vorkamp K, Møller S, Falk K, Rigét FF, Thomsen M, Sørensen PB. Levels and trends of toxaphene and chlordane-related pesticides in peregrine falcon eggs from South Greenland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 468-469:614-621. [PMID: 24056452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peregrine falcon eggs were collected in South Greenland between 1986 and 2003 and analysed for 6 congeners of toxaphene and 5 chlordane-related pesticides (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane). Oxychlordane had the highest median concentration of 1448 ng/g lipid weight (lw) or 79 ng/g wet weight (ww) of all compounds. Of the toxaphene congeners, CHB-50 was the predominant congener, with a median concentration of 215 ng/g lw (15.5 ng/g ww). Chlordane-related concentrations were comparable with results from the USA, but lower than those from Canada and Norway. Toxaphene was considerably higher than in eggs of Norwegian peregrine falcon eggs, possibly reflecting different toxaphene usage in the areas of peregrine falcon migration. Toxaphene information in birds of prey is limited and comparisons with other species indicate differences in concentrations and organochlorine pattern. Temporal trends showed significant log-linear decreases for cis-chlordane and trans-chlordane, but no significant trends for other chlordanes or the toxaphene congeners, probably affected by the large variation between eggs, also of the same bird. Correlations between chlordanes and toxaphene in the Greenland peregrine falcon eggs might suggest similar sources of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Plourde SP, Moreau R, Letcher RJ, Verreault J. Is the bone tissue of ring-billed gulls breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River, Canada, impacted by halogenated flame retardant exposure? CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2333-2340. [PMID: 24016627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a tightly regulated process that controls bone remodeling and repair in addition to maintaining circulating calcium and phosphate levels. It has been shown that certain organohalogen contaminants may adversely impact bone tissue metabolism and structure in wildlife species. However, exceedingly few studies have addressed the bone-related effects of organohalogen exposure in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between markers of bone metabolism and structural integrity, and concentrations of established and current-use halogenated flame retardants (FRs) in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) nesting in a known FR hotspot area in the St. Lawrence River (Montreal, Canada). Bone metabolism was assessed using plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, and alkaline phophatase activity, while bone (tarsus; trabecular and cortical sections) structure quality was examined using the percentage of bone tissue comprised in the total bone volume (Bv/Tv) and bone mineral density (BMD). Bv/Tv and BMD of the tarsus tended (not significant) to be positively associated with circulating calcium levels in male ring-billed gulls. Moreover, concentrations of FRs in male bird liver (brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-154, -183, -201, and -209) and plasma (BDE-209) were negatively correlated with trabecular and cortical BMD of the tarsus. These correlative associations may suggest light demineralization of bone tissue associated with FR exposure in male ring-billed gulls. Present findings provide some evidence that bone (tarsus) metabolism and mineral composition may be impacted in high FR-exposed (mainly to PBDEs) ring-billed gulls breeding in the highly urbanized Montreal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pellerin Plourde
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bustnes JO, Bårdsen BJ, Herzke D, Johnsen TV, Eulaers I, Ballesteros M, Hanssen SA, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB, Eens M, Sonne C, Halley D, Moum T, Nøst TH, Erikstad KE, Ims RA. Plasma concentrations of organohalogenated pollutants in predatory bird nestlings: associations to growth rate and dietary tracers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2520-2527. [PMID: 23861300 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with different physicochemical properties originated from the food (dietary input) was assessed in raptor nestlings. Lipophilic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 153, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and protein-bound perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), were measured repeatedly in blood plasma of individual goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) nestlings, 1 to 3 wk after hatching and near fledging. Maternally derived POPs dilute as nestlings grow (growth dilution), and increasing plasma concentrations would indicate dietary input. First, plasma concentrations given no dietary input were estimated, and concentrations of p,p'-DDE, HCB, and notably PFOS were significantly higher than predicted from a growth-dilution scenario (approximately 1.5-fold to 2.5-fold higher; p < 0.001). In contrast, PCB 153 declined in both species, although concentrations were still higher than predicted in white-tailed eagle nestlings (p < 0.05). Second, the relationships between plasma POP concentrations and trophic position (δ(15) N) and dietary carbon source (δ(13) C) were analyzed, controlling for growth rate. Both δ(15) N and δ(13) C (measured in body feathers) were significantly associated to the accumulation of most POPs, except PFOS. In conclusion, pollutant data acquired in plasma of nestling raptors should be interpreted and further investigated in the light of individual feeding ecology, and the use of raptor nestlings as sentinels for POP monitoring could be optimized by correcting for different factors such as body condition, brood size, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
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Eulaers I, Jaspers VLB, Bustnes JO, Covaci A, Johnsen TV, Halley DJ, Moum T, Ims RA, Hanssen SA, Erikstad KE, Herzke D, Sonne C, Ballesteros M, Pinxten R, Eens M. Ecological and spatial factors drive intra- and interspecific variation in exposure of subarctic predatory bird nestlings to persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 57-58:25-33. [PMID: 23632440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Top predators in northern ecosystems may suffer from exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as this exposure may synergistically interact with already elevated natural stress in these ecosystems. In the present study, we aimed at identifying biological (sex, body condition), ecological (dietary carbon source, trophic level) and spatial factors (local habitat, regional nest location) that may influence intra- and interspecific variation in exposure of subarctic predatory bird nestlings to polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (CB 153), polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE 47), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). During three breeding seasons (2008-2010), we sampled body feathers from fully-grown nestlings of three ecologically distinct predatory bird species in subarctic Norway: Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). The present study analysed, for the first time, body feathers for both POPs and carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) stable isotopes, thus integrating the dietary carbon source, trophic level and POP exposure for the larger part of the nestling stage. Intraspecific variation in exposure was driven by a combination of ecological and spatial factors, often different for individual compounds. In addition, combinations for individual compounds differed among species. Trophic level and local habitat were the predominant predictors for CB 153, p,p'-DDE and BDE 47, indicating their biomagnification and decreasing levels according to coast>fjord>inland. Variation in exposure may also have been driven by inter-annual variation arisen from primary sources (e.g. p,p'-DDE) and/or possible revolatilisation from secondary sources (e.g. HCB). Interspecific differences in POP exposure were best explained by a combination of trophic level (biomagnification), dietary carbon source (food chain discrimination) and regional nest location (historical POP contamination). In conclusion, the combined analysis of POPs and stable isotopes in body feathers from fully-grown nestlings has identified ecological and spatial factors that may drive POP exposure over the larger part of the nestling stage. This methodological approach further promotes the promising use of nestling predatory bird body feathers as a non-destructive sampling strategy to integrate various toxicological and ecological proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Eulaers
- Ethology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Sonne C, Rigét FF, Leat EHK, Bourgeon S, Borgå K, Strøm H, Hanssen SA, Gabrielsen GW, Petersen A, Olafsdottir K, Magnusdottir E, Bustnes JO, Furness RW, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. Organohalogen contaminants and Blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters in three colonies of North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:245-251. [PMID: 23537726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares blood plasma clinical-chemical parameters (BCCPs) in birds from three geographically distinct North Atlantic Great skua (Stercorarius skua) colonies. Birds from these sites bioaccumulate different POP (persistent organic pollutant) concentrations and that enabled us to compare Great skua BCCPs in different exposure scenarios. Persistent organic pollutants (organochlorines: PCB, DDT, chlordanes, HCB, HCH, mirex and brominated flame retardants: PBDEs) and nineteen BCCPs were analysed in 114 adult Great skuas sampled during summer 2009 in North Atlantic colonies at Bjørnøya (n=42), Iceland (n=57) and Shetland (n=15). Specimens from Bjørnøya had the highest blood plasma concentrations of all contaminant groups followed by Iceland and Shetland birds, respectively (ANOVA: p<0.05). Most of the 19 BCCP parameters followed the pattern of colony differences found for contaminants, with Bjørnøya having the highest concentrations. However seven BCCPs, the three liver enzymes ALKP, ALAT and GGT as well as bile acids, cholesterol, sodium and potassium, did not differ between colonies (ANOVA: p>0.05). Therefore correlation analyses of these seven BCCPs vs. POPs were done on the combined colony data while the analyses of the remaining 12 BCCPs were carried out for each colony separately. The analyses of combined colony data showed that the blood plasma concentration of liver enzymes ALAT and GGT increased with increasing concentrations of ΣPBDE and ΣHCH, HCB and ΣCHL, respectively (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Great skuas from Shetland, the important osmotic transport protein albumin increased with increasing concentrations of ΣPCB and ΣDDT, while total blood plasma protein increased with ΣPCB, ΣDDT, ΣHCH and HCB concentrations (all Pearson's p<0.05). In both Bjørnøya and Iceland skuas, blood plasma pancreatic enzyme amylase decreased with increasing ΣHCH concentrations while the erythrocyte waste product total bilirubin in blood plasma increased with increasing ΣHCH and ΣPBDE concentrations in Iceland Great skuas (all Pearson's p<0.05). In Bjørnøya birds, blood plasma urea from protein metabolism (reflects kidney function) increased with increasing ΣPBDE concentrations (Pearson's p<0.05). Furthermore, a redundancy analysis showed that 10.6% of the variations in BCCPs could be explained by the variations in POP concentrations. Based on these results we suggest that liver and renal functions could be negatively affected by different POP compounds. It is, however, uncertain if the colony BCCP differences and their relationship to POP concentrations reflect health effects that could have an overall impact on the populations via reduced survival and reproduction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Marchal J, Dorieux O, Haro L, Aujard F, Perret M. Characterization of blood biochemical markers during aging in the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus): impact of gender and season. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:211. [PMID: 23131178 PMCID: PMC3514280 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematologic and biochemical data are needed to characterize the health status of animal populations over time to determine the habitat quality and captivity conditions. Blood components and the chemical entities that they transport change predominantly with sex and age. The aim of this study was to utilize blood chemistry monitoring to establish the reference levels in a small prosimian primate, the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). METHOD In the captive colony, mouse lemurs may live 10-12 years, and three age groups for both males and females were studied: young (1-3 years), middle-aged (4-5 years) and old (6-10 years). Blood biochemical markers were measured using the VetScan Comprehensive Diagnostic Profile. Because many life history traits of this primate are highly dependent on the photoperiod (body mass and reproduction), the effect of season was also assessed. RESULTS The main effect of age was observed in blood markers of renal functions such as creatinine, which was higher among females. Additionally, blood urea nitrogen significantly increased with age and is potentially linked to chronic renal insufficiency, which has been described in captive mouse lemurs. The results demonstrated significant effects related to season, especially in blood protein levels and glucose rates; these effects were observed regardless of gender or age and were likely due to seasonal variations in food intake, which is very marked in this species. CONCLUSION These results were highly similar with those obtained in other primate species and can serve as references for future research of the Grey Mouse Lemur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marchal
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Olène Dorieux
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Laurine Haro
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Equipe Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, Brunoy 91800, France
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