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Zhou L, Lian C, He Y, Chi X, Chen H, Zhong Z, Wang M, Cao L, Wang H, Zhang H, Li C. Toxicology assessment of deep-sea mining impacts on Gigantidas platifrons: A comparative in situ and laboratory metal exposure study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173184. [PMID: 38750754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea toxicology is essential for deep-sea environmental impact assessment. Yet most toxicology experiments are conducted solely in laboratory settings, overlooking the complexities of the deep-sea environment. Here we carried out metal exposure experiments in both the laboratory and in situ, to compare and evaluate the response patterns of Gigantidas platifrons to metal exposure (copper [Cu] or cadmium [Cd] at 100 μg/L for 48 h). Metal concentrations, traditional biochemical parameters, and fatty acid composition were assessed in deep-sea mussel gills. The results revealed significant metal accumulation in deep-sea mussel gills in both laboratory and in situ experiments. Metal exposure could induce oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, an immune response, altered energy metabolism, and changes to fatty acid composition in mussel gills. Interestingly, the metal accumulating capability, biochemical response patterns, and fatty acid composition each varied under differing experimental systems. In the laboratory setting, Cd-exposed mussels exhibited a higher value for integrated biomarker response (IBR) while in situ the Cu-exposed mussels instead displayed a higher IBR value. This study emphasizes the importance of performing deep-sea toxicology experiments in situ and contributes valuable data to a standardized workflow for deep-sea toxicology assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yameng He
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xupeng Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Moyano Salcedo AJ, Prat N, Bertrans-Tubau L, Piñero-Fernandez M, Cunillera-Montcusí D, López-Doval JC, Abril M, Proia L, Cañedo-Argüelles M. What happens when salinization meets eutrophication? A test using stream microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168824. [PMID: 38030007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient and salt pollution often co-occur in rivers and streams due to human activities (e.g., agriculture, urbanization). Thus, understanding the interactive effects of nutrients and salinity on freshwater ecosystems is critical for environmental management. We experimentally assessed the interactive effects of nutrient and salt pollution on stream microcosms using biofilm and macroinvertebrates as model systems. Six treatments were performed in triplicate: control (C: N-NH4+ = 0.05; P- PO43- = 0.037; Cl- = 33.5 mg L-1), intermediate nutrient (IN: N-NH4+ = 0.4; P- PO43- = 0.271; Cl- = 33. 5 mg L-1), high nutrient (HN: N-NH4+ = 0.84; P- PO43- = 0.80; Cl- = 33.5 mg L-1), salt (S: N-NH4+ = 0.05; P- PO43- = 0.037; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1), salt with intermediate nutrient (SIN: N-NH4+ = 0.4; P- PO43- = 0.27; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1) and salt with high nutrient (SHN: N-NH4+ = 0.84; P- PO43- = 0.80; Cl- = 3000 mg L-1). After 14 days of exposure, biofilm chlorophyll-a increased across all treatments, with cyanobacteria replacing diatoms and green algae. Treatments with no added nutrients (C and S) had more P uptake capacity than the rest. The indicator species analysis showed 8 significant taxa, with Orthocladius (Orthocladius) gr. Wetterensis and Virganytarsus significantly associated with the salinity treatment. Overall, salt pollution led to a very strong decline in macroinvertebrate richness and diversity. However, salt toxicity seemed to be ameliorated by nutrient addition. Finally, both structural equation models and biotic-abiotic interaction networks showed that complex biological interactions could be modulating the response of the biological communities to our treatments. Thus, our study calls for species-level assessments of salt and nutrient effects on river ecosystems and advocates for better management of co-occurring pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Javier Moyano Salcedo
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Geohazards and Civil Engineering Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Thomas Villavicencio University, C/22 No 1a, 500003 Villavicencio, Colombia; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Narcís Prat
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bertrans-Tubau
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Piñero-Fernandez
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cunillera-Montcusí
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Julio C López-Doval
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Abu-Elala NM, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO, Helmy S, Hesham A, Younis NA, Dawood MAO, El Basuini MF. Neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) mitigates oxidative stress and pathological alterations triggered by lead toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2023; 13:9170. [PMID: 37280317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical and pathological symptoms of waterborne lead toxicity in wild Nile tilapia collected from a lead-contaminated area (the Mariotteya Canal: Pb = 0.6 ± 0.21 mg L-1) and a farmed fish after 2 weeks of experimental exposure to lead acetate (5-10 mg L-1) in addition to evaluating the efficacy of neem leaf powder (NLP) treatment in mitigating symptoms of lead toxicity. A total of 150 fish (20 ± 2 g) were alienated into five groups (30 fish/group with three replicates). G1 was assigned as a negative control without any treatments. Groups (2-5) were exposed to lead acetate for 2 weeks at a concentration of 5 mg L-1 (G2 and G3) or 10 mg L-1 (G4 and G5). During the lead exposure period, all groups were reared under the same conditions, while G3 and G5 were treated with 1 g L-1 NLP. Lead toxicity induced DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation and decreased the level of glutathione and expression of heme synthesis enzyme delta aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in wild tilapia, G2, and G4. NLP could alleviate the oxidative stress stimulated by lead in G3 and showed an insignificant effect in G5. The pathological findings, including epithelial hyperplasia in the gills, edema in the gills and muscles, degeneration and necrosis in the liver and muscle, and leukocytic infiltration in all organs, were directly correlated with lead concentration. Thus, the aqueous application of NLP at 1 g L-1 reduced oxidative stress and lowered the pathological alterations induced by lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Abu-Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samah Helmy
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hesham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Middle East for Veterinary Vaccine (MEVAC), El-Salihya El-Gededa, 44671, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Younis
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El Basuini
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, 46618, Egypt.
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Wang J, Sun L, Li X, Tao S, Wang F, Shi Y, Guan H, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Alkali exposure induces autophagy through activation of the MAPKpathway by ROS and inhibition of mTOR in Eriocheir sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106481. [PMID: 36989924 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali water is widely distributed around the world, and salinization of water ecosystems has occurred in some areas of the world, comprising approximately one-third of the total land area, which has drawn much attention to the conservation of water ecosystems and aquatic animals. However, due to the complex composition of saline-alkaline water, many aquatic animals are unable to survive, which greatly limits the development and utilization of saline-alkaline waters. Carbonate alkalinity is an important stress factor for aquatic animals in saline-alkaline water. Exposure to highly alkaline carbonate can induce oxidative stress. For this study, we used Eriocheir sinensis as a model organism to evaluate the effects of alkaline stress on oxidative stress and autophagy. The trial was divided into five alkali level treatment groups (control, 4.375 mmol/L, 8.75 mmol/L, 17.5 mmol/L, and 35 mmol/L, respectively), and liver tissues were assessed by antioxidant enzyme kits, real-time quantitative PCR assays and ultrastructural observations at 3 time points (24 h, 48 h, 96 h). Compared with the control group, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) in the alkali stress group increased and then decreased with increasing time, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. At the molecular level, the expression of MAPK pathway-related genes (P38, MAPK, JNK) in the alkaline stress group showed a dose-dependent increase at 48 and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. The expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG12, ATG7 and GABARAP) increased dose-dependently at 24, 48, and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. In contrast, mTOR expression was always in a suppressed state. These results suggest that alkaline stress induces activation of the MAPK pathway via ROS and inhibits mTOR expression, thereby inducing autophagy in the liver tissue of Eriocheir sinensis. This study investigated the stress mechanism of carbonate on Eriocheir sinensis and provided a theoretical basis for the continued exploitation of saline-alkaline water aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liujian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Harbin Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Ye Shi
- Harbin Eco-Evironmental Monitoring Centre, 150010, China
| | - Hongkun Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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Kocalar K, Canli EG, Canli M. Responses of oxidative stress biomarkers of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to Cr 6+, Hg 2+, Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ in differing calcium levels. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109577. [PMID: 36828349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Freshwaters from different geographical locations show different hardness, affecting metal uptake and toxicity in fish. The most important ion that determines water hardness is calcium. In this study, acute and chronic effects of metals on the oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver of freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated in differing Ca2+ (30, 60 and 120 mg Ca2+/L) levels. Fish were exposed to Cr6+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ (30 μM) and Hg2+ (0.3 μM) for 3 days in acute experiments, while they were exposed to Cr6+, Ni2+ and Zn+2 (10 μM) and Hg2+ 0.03 μM) for 30 days in chronic experiments. Data showed that the oxidative stress biomarkers significantly (p < 0.05) altered after metal exposures at all calcium levels, though there was no significant change (p > 0.05) among calcium controls. In both acute and chronic exposures, catalase CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased significantly, while glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities decreased. There were significant decreases in total glutathione (GSH) levels in acute exposures, though GSH levels increased in chronic exposures. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in both durations. The highest significant alterations in the biomarkers occurred at the lowest Ca2+ levels. GPX and GST were found to be the most sensitive enzymes in all exposures and the least alterations in biomarker response occurred in fish exposed to Ni2+. This study demonstrated that calcium levels (hardness) were important factors in the evaluation of metal toxicity for freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Kocalar
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Esin Gülnaz Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkiye.
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Oya-Silva LF, Vicari T, Rodrigo Disner G, Lirola JR, Klingelfus T, Gonçalves HDLS, Leite TPB, Calado SLDM, Voigt CL, Silva de Assis HC, Cestari MM. Tissue-specific genotoxicity and antioxidant imbalance of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO 2) and inorganic lead (PbII) in a neotropical fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103551. [PMID: 33227412 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is the major recipient of wastes containing nanoparticles and other contaminants. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO2) are one of the most produced and used nanoparticle worldwide. This study investigated the toxicity of NPTiO2, as well as the toxicity interaction between NPTiO2 and lead (Pb), in response to genetic and biochemical biomarkers using freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen, as an animal model. The results showed genotoxicity in blood and kidney tissues. No effect of NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb on liver genotoxicity were observed. Alterations in the antioxidant hepatic enzymes activities, as well as alterations in glutathione levels indicated that NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb can cause antioxidant imbalance. The lipid peroxidation was also raised after exposure to NPTiO2. In general, the results of this study indicated that both NPTiO2 alone and their co-exposure with Pb are capable of producing significant toxic effects in short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fernanda Oya-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Klingelfus
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Pires Borges Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Cuccaro A, De Marchi L, Oliva M, Sanches MV, Freitas R, Casu V, Monni G, Miragliotta V, Pretti C. Sperm quality assessment in Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923): Effects of selected organic and inorganic chemicals across salinity levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111219. [PMID: 32931966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by organic and inorganic compounds remains one of the most complex problems in both brackish and marine environments, causing potential implications for the reproductive success and survival of several broadcast spawners. Ficopomatus enigmaticus is a tubeworm polychaete that has previously been used as a model organism for ecotoxicological analysis, due to its sensitivity and ecological relevance. In the present study, the effects of five trace elements (zinc, copper, cadmium, arsenic and lead), one surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene, B(a)P) on the sperm quality of F. enigmaticus were investigated. Sperm suspensions were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of each selected contaminant under four salinity conditions (10, 20, 30, 35). Possible adverse effects on sperm function were assessed by measuring oxidative stress, membrane integrity, viability and DNA damage. Sperm quality impairments induced by organic contaminants were more evident than those induced by inorganic compounds. SDS exerted the largest effect on sperm. In addition, F. enigmaticus sperm showed high tolerance to salinity variation, supporting the wide use of this species as a promising model organism for ecotoxicological assays. Easy and rapid methods on polychaete spermatozoids were shown to be effective as integrated sperm quality parameters or as an alternative analysis for early assessment of marine and brackish water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cuccaro
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy
| | - Matilde Vieira Sanches
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valentina Casu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Monni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128, Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy.
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8
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Ahmed NF, Sadek KM, Soliman MK, Khalil RH, Khafaga AF, Ajarem JS, Maodaa SN, Allam AA. Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Repairs the Oxidative Misbalance following Sub-Chronic Exposure to Sodium Fluoride in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040626. [PMID: 32260525 PMCID: PMC7222772 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential antioxidant property of Moringa oleifera (MO) has been the recent focus of an increased number of studies. However few studies investigated its antioxidative ability against sodium fluoride-induced redox balance breakdown in Oreochromis niloticus. Thus, this study evaluates the effects of MO against the oxidative stress induced by sub-chronic exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF). A total of 264 fish (40 ± 3 g BW) were used to calculate the 96 hr-LC50 of NaF and perform the sub-chronic exposure study. 96 hr-LC50 of NaF was calculated as (61 mg/L). The 1/10 dose of the calculated 96 hr-LC50 (6.1 mg/L) was used to complete the sub chronic exposure for eight weeks. Fish were divided into four groups (n = 51; three replicates each); control, non-treated group; NaF group (exposed to NaF 6.1 mg/L); MO group (treated with 1% MO of diet); and NaF+MO (exposed to NaF 6.1 mg/L and treated with 1% MO of diet). The results revealed that the sub-chronic exposure to NaF (6.1 mg/L) was substantially increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the gills, liver, kidney, and muscle tissue in a time-dependent manner. In addition, a significant reduction in mRNA expression of GST in the liver was reported following NaF exposure. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of MO to NaF-exposed fish resulted in a significant reduction in MDA levels, and a significant elevation of SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and TAC activities in a time-dependent manner, in addition to significant elevation of GST mRNA expression in liver tissue. It could be concluded that a 1% MO (w/w) ration is a promising antioxidant plant that may successfully use to interfere with the oxidation processes induced by NaF in various tissues of Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmen F. Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.F.A.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (N.F.A.); (K.M.S.)
| | - Magdy Kh. Soliman
- Department of Poultry and Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Reyad H. Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Jamaan S. Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.A.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Saleh N. Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.A.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt;
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9
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Wang M, Zhu Z. Nrf2 is involved in osmoregulation, antioxidation and immunopotentiation in Coilia nasus under salinity stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1673671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Department of Biotechnology, Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, P.R. China
- Aquatic Animal Genome Center, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, P.R. China
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El-Leithy AAA, Hemeda SA, El Naby WSHA, El Nahas AF, Hassan SAH, Awad ST, El-Deeb SI, Helmy ZA. Optimum salinity for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and mRNA transcripts of ion-regulation, inflammatory, stress- and immune-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1217-1232. [PMID: 31069608 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to study the optimum salinity concentration for Nile tilapia, through the assessment of its growth performance and the expression of its related genes (Gh and Igf-1), as well as its salinity adaptation and immune status through the assessment of the gene expression of ion-regulation genes (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1a and α-1b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70), inflammatory-related genes (IL1, IL8, CC, and CXC chemokine), and immune-related genes (IgMH TLR7, MHC, and MX) at the osmoregulatory organs (gills, liver, and kidney). Based on the least mortality percentage and the physical appearance of the fish, three salt concentrations (6, 16, and 20 ppt) were chosen following a 6-month preliminary study using serial salt concentrations ranged from 6 to 36 ppt, which were obtained by rearing the fish in gradual elevated pond salinity through daily addition of 0.5 ppt saline water. The fish size was 10.2-12 cm and weight was 25.5-26.15 g. No significant differences in the fish weight gain were observed among the studied groups. The group reared at 16-ppt salt showed better performance than that of 20 ppt, as they have lower morality % and higher expression of ion-regulated gene (Na+/K+-ATPase α1-b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70) of the gills and also GST, inflammatory-related genes (IL-1β and IL8), and TLR in the liver tissue. Higher expression of kidney-immune-related genes at 20-ppt salt may indicate that higher salinity predispose to fish infection and increased mortality. We concluded that 16-ppt salinity concentration is suitable for rearing O. niloticus as the fish are more adaptive to salinity condition without changes in their growth rate. Also, we indicate the use of immune stimulant feed additive to overcome the immune suppressive effect of hyper-salinity. Additionally, the survival of some fish at higher salinity concentrations (30-34 ppt) increase the chance for selection for salinity resistance in the Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A El-Leithy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaaban A Hemeda
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walaa S H Abd El Naby
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Seham A H Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Simone T Awad
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa I El-Deeb
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Helmy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Lee JW, Choi H, Hwang UK, Kang JC, Kang YJ, Kim KI, Kim JH. Toxic effects of lead exposure on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses in fish: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:101-108. [PMID: 30884452 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal in aquatic environments. Fish are at the top of the food chain in most aquatic environments, and are the most susceptible to the toxic effects of Pb exposure. In addition, fish are one of the most abundant vertebrates, and they can directly affect humans through food intake; therefore, fish can be used to assess the extent of environmental pollution in an aquatic environment. Pb-induced toxicity in fish exposed to toxicants is primarily induced by bioaccumulation in specific tissues, and the accumulation mechanisms vary depending on water habitat (freshwater or seawater) and pathway (waterborne or dietary exposure). Pb accumulation in fish tissues causes oxidative stress due to excessive ROS production. Oxidative stress by Pb exposure induces synaptic damage and neurotransmitter malfunction in fish as neurotoxicity. Moreover, Pb exposure influences immune responses in fish as an immune-toxicant. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the various toxic effects of Pb exposure, including bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and immune responses, and to identify indicators to evaluate the extent of Pb toxicity by based on the level of Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Wook Lee
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yue Jai Kang
- Sun Moon University, Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Asan-si, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Fisheries Research & Development Institute, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Taean, South Korea.
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12
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Velasco J, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Botella-Cruz M, Sánchez-Fernández D, Arribas P, Carbonell JA, Millán A, Pallarés S. Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20180011. [PMID: 30509913 PMCID: PMC6283958 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under global change, the ion concentration of aquatic ecosystems is changing worldwide. Many freshwater ecosystems are being salinized by anthropogenic salt inputs, whereas many naturally saline ones are being diluted by agricultural drainages. This occurs concomitantly with changes in other stressors, which can result in additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects on organisms. We reviewed experimental studies that manipulated salinity and other abiotic stressors, on inland and transitional aquatic habitats, to (i) synthesize their main effects on organisms' performance, (ii) quantify the frequency of joint effect types across studies and (iii) determine the overall individual and joint effects and their variation among salinity-stressor pairs and organism groups using meta-analyses. Additive effects were slightly more frequent (54%) than non-additive ones (46%) across all the studies (n = 105 responses). However, antagonistic effects were dominant for the stressor pair salinity and toxicants (44%, n = 43), transitional habitats (48%, n = 31) and vertebrates (71%, n = 21). Meta-analyses showed detrimental additive joint effects of salinity and other stressors on organism performance and a greater individual impact of salinity than the other stressors. These results were consistent across stressor pairs and organism types. These findings suggest that strategies to mitigate multiple stressor impacts on aquatic ecosystems should prioritize restoring natural salinity concentrations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Velasco
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Botella-Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Susana Pallarés
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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13
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Park HJ, Hwang IK, Kim KW, Kim JH, Kang JC. Toxic Effects and Depuration on the Antioxidant and Neurotransmitter Responses after Dietary Lead Exposure in Starry Flounder. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:245-252. [PMID: 29908042 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Starry Flounder Platichthys stellatus were exposed to dietary lead (Pb) at concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Recover period was conducted for 2 weeks after the exposure. Exposure to Pb concentrations over 60 mg/kg induced significant changes in the antioxidant responses in the liver, kidney, and gill and continued even after the depuration period in the liver (over 120 mg/kg for superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity) and kidney (at 240 mg/kg for glutathione [GSH] levels). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver, kidney, and gill were increased by dietary Pb exposure, and recovery was observed in all groups during the recovery period. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscle of flounder at Pb exposure over 120 mg/kg, and no restoration was observed after the depuration period. Lysozyme activity in the plasma was significantly increased at Pb exposures greater than 60 mg kg but was restored after the depuration period. The results of this study indicate that dietary Pb exposure induces toxic effects on antioxidant responses, neurotransmitter, and immune responses of Starry Flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - In-Ki Hwang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Wook Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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14
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Rajeshkumar S, Liu Y, Ma J, Duan HY, Li X. Effects of exposure to multiple heavy metals on biochemical and histopathological alterations in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:461-472. [PMID: 28826748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are frequently encountered as mixtures of essential and non-essential elements. Therefore, evaluation of their toxic effects individually does not offer a realistic estimate of their impact on biological processes. We studied effects of exposure to mixtures of essential and toxic metals (Cr, Cd and Pb) on biochemical, immunotoxicity level and morphological characteristics of the various tissues of a biomarker freshwater fish common carp using environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to metal mixture through tank water for 7, 15 and 30 days, under controlled laboratory conditions. Tissue accumulation of the metals was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric techniques. Chromium, cadmium and lead accumulation in muscle, gills, liver, kidney and intestine, tissue of common carp exposed to mixture metals for 30 days increased significant compared with control group (p < 0.001). However, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was significant altered in various tissues of exposed fish. Besides, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) was significant (p < 0.001) increased. Moreover, the tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contents in tissues of muscle, gills, liver, kidney and intestine were increased significant compared with control fish (p < 0.001). In addition, microscopic examination of the main alterations in general morphology of fish gills included spiking and fusion of secondary lamellae, formation of club-shaped filaments epithelium in the interlamellar regions and hepatocytes showed damage of central vein and rupture of irregular hepatic plate with more number of vacuoles in the fish exposed to metal mixture for a longer duration (30 days). These results of this study clearly demonstrate that concentration individual and mixtures of metals in aquatic systems will greatly influence the cytokine alterations may result in an immune suppression or excessive activation in the treated common carp as well as may cause immune dysfunction or reduced immunity. In conclusion, toxicity of multiple metal mixtures of Cr, Cd and Pb has antioxidant and immunotoxic effects on C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hong Ying Duan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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15
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Kim JH, Oh CW, Kang JC. Antioxidant Responses, Neurotoxicity, and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii under Dietary Lead Exposure. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2017; 29:112-119. [PMID: 28467192 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2017.1307286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess toxic effects of dietary lead (Pb) exposure on Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juvenile rockfish were used to evaluate the oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and metallothionein (MT) gene expression after dietary exposure to lead (as Pb2+; 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, a measure of oxidative stress, was substantially elevated in the livers and gills of fish given dietary Pb greater than 60 mg/kg. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver and gill was significantly increased by dietary Pb > 60 mg/kg. A significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) level was observed in fish liver after exposure to dietary Pb > 30 mg/kg and in the gill after treatment with dietary Pb > 120 mg/kg. Acecyltholinesterase (AChE) was noticeably decreased in the brain by dietary Pb > 120 mg/kg and in the muscle by dietary Pb > 60 mg/kg. Metallothionein gene expression in the liver was stimulated significantly by the Pb exposure. Because dietary Pb exposure had a toxic effect on antioxidant responses, a neurotransmitter, and a specific immune expression in rockfish, the results of this study can be used to determine potential useful markers of Pb toxicity. Received June 11, 2016; accepted March 10, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- a West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science , Incheon 22383 , South Korea
| | - Chul Woong Oh
- b Department of Marine Biology , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- c Department of Aquatic Life Medicine , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , South Korea
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16
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Atli G, Grosell M. Characterization and response of antioxidant systems in the tissues of the freshwater pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) during acute copper exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:38-44. [PMID: 27108202 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The response of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX and glutathione reductase, GR) and non-enzymatic responses (glutathione, GSH, oxidized glutathione, GSSG and GSH/GSSG) against acute Cu toxicity (2-90μg/mL for 48h) in different tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis were measured. Incubation conditions for enzymatic activity measurements were optimized for L. stagnalis tissues. Three examined tissues, the hepatopancreas, the foot muscle and the mantle, exhibited variable responses in antioxidant parameters as a function of Cu concentrations. The most responsive antioxidant enzymes were GPX and CAT while GR appeared less sensitive. In general antioxidant enzymes at higher Cu concentrations though GSH levels at lower Cu concentrations exhibited the greatest changes in hepatopancreas and foot muscle, respectively. All antioxidant enzymes except GR increased after exposure to the highest Cu concentration in mantle. Total and reduced GSH increased in hepatopancreas but decreased with GSH/GSSG ratios at all Cu concentrations in foot muscle. The present results show that antioxidants respond to acute Cu exposure at concentrations as low as 2μg Cu/L in adult L. stagnalis with variable responses in different tissues. Antioxidants both including enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters may account, in part, for the high tolerance to acute metal exposure observed in adult L. stagnalis and could form suited biomarkers to evaluate the metal exposure and toxicity in aquatic environment even at relatively low level short term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülüzar Atli
- Cukurova University, Vocational School of Imamoglu Adana, Turkey.
| | - Martin Grosell
- RSMAS, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33145, USA
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17
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Cobbina SJ, Xu H, Zhao T, Mao G, Zhou Z, Wu X, Liu H, Zou Y, Wu X, Yang L. A multivariate assessment of innate immune-related gene expressions due to exposure to low concentration individual and mixtures of four kinds of heavy metals on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:1032-1042. [PMID: 26549173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the potential health effects of mixtures of low concentration heavy metals on living organisms keep growing by the day. However, the toxicity of low concentration metal mixtures on the immune system of fish species has rarely been investigated. In this study, the zebrafish model was employed to investigate the effect on innate immune and antioxidant-related gene expressions, on exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of individual and mixtures of Pb (0.01 mg/L), Hg (0.001 mg/L), As (0.01 mg/L) and Cd (0.005 mg/L). Messenger-RNA (mRNA) levels of IL1β, TNF-α, IFNγ, Mx, Lyz, C3B and CXCL-Clc which are closely associated with the innate immune system were affected after exposing zebrafish embryos to metals for 120 h post fertilization (hpf). Individual and mixtures of metals exhibited different potentials to modulate innate-immune gene transcription. IL1β genes were significantly up regulated on exposure to Pb + As (2.01-fold) and inhibited on exposure to Pb + Hg + Cd (0.13-fold). TNF-α was significantly inhibited on exposure to As (0.40-fold) and Pb + As (0.32-fold) compared to control. Metal mixtures generally up regulated IFNγ compared to individual metals. Additionally, antioxidant genes were affected, as CAT and GPx gene expressions generally increased, whiles Mn-SOD and Zn/Cu-SOD reduced. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure to individual metals greatly influenced modulation of innate immune genes; whiles metal mixtures influenced antioxidant gene expressions. This suggests that beside oxidative stress, there may be other pathways influencing gene expressions of innate immune and antioxidant-related genes. Low concentration heavy metals also affect expression of development-related (wnt8a and vegf) genes. Altogether, the results of this study clearly demonstrate that low concentration individual and mixtures of metals in aquatic systems will greatly influence the immune system. It is indicative that mechanisms associated with toxicity of metal mixtures is complex, however, further studies to elucidate them are ongoing in our research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jerry Cobbina
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xueshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmin Zou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Abdel-Khalek AA. Antioxidant Responses and Nuclear Deformations in Freshwater Fish, Oreochromis niloticus, Facing Degraded Environmental Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:701-708. [PMID: 25726009 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two sites of collection along river Nile, nearby metal-related factories (site2) and 7 km downstream (site3) were compared to unpolluted reference fish farm (site1). Metals concentration (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn and Cd) in water and sediment samples showed highly significant (p < 0.01) differences among sites. According to contamination factor and pollution load index values, overall pollution was ordered as site2 > site3 > site1. Compared with Oreochromis niloticus of site1, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as malondialdehyde formation were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in both liver and gills of fish collected from metal contaminated sites. This increment showed a tissue-specific pattern with higher rate of increment in liver than in gills. While reduced glutathione level was sharply decreased in site2 and site3. Micronucleus test was assessed as an environmental genotoxic endpoint in erythrocytes. Assessment of eight nuclear deformations showed gradient frequencies related to the distance from the industrial discharges.
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Wang X, Qu R, Huang Q, Wei Z, Wang Z. Hepatic oxidative stress and catalyst metals accumulation in goldfish exposed to carbon nanotubes under different pH levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:142-150. [PMID: 25625523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of three different carbon nanotubes [single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OH-MWCNTs), and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs)] on antioxidant parameters and metals accumulation in the liver of Carassius auratus. A semi-static test system was used to expose C. auratus to either a freshwater control, 0.1, or 0.5mg/L CNTs at three pH levels (5.0, 7.25, and 9.0) for 3 and 12 days. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), together with the level of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in liver on the 3rd and 12th day. The results showed that there was a significant increase in MDA concentration and SOD activity in fish exposed to CNTs, indicating that CNTs exposure induces an oxidative stress response in fish. According to integrated biomarker response (IBR) index, the effect of these three CNTs on liver can be ordered as SWCNTs>OH-MWCNTs>COOH-MWCNTs and they are more toxic to fish in an alkaline environment. Moreover, the concentrations of catalyst metals (Co, Ni, and Mo) and bioelements (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Se) in liver were changed, depending on the CNTs concentration, the pH level, and the exposure duration. Generally, all CNTs groups showed that catalyst metals could be concentrated significantly into the liver of fish, and changes in hepatic Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se contents are consistent with the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Zhongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Eroglu A, Dogan Z, Kanak EG, Atli G, Canli M. Effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn) on fish glutathione metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3229-37. [PMID: 24793073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione metabolism contains crucial antioxidant molecules to defend the organisms against oxidants. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of the glutathione metabolism in the liver of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn) in different periods. Fish were exposed to metals (as 1 μg/mL) individually for 1, 7, and 14 days and subsequently antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, GPX; glutathione reductase, GR and glutathione S-transferase, GST) and glutathione levels (total glutathione, tGSH; reduced glutathione, rGSH; oxidized glutathione, GSSG and GSH/GSSG ratios) in the liver were measured. There was no fish mortality during the experiments, except Cu exposure. The antioxidant enzymes responded differently to metal exposures depending on metal types and exposure durations. GPX activity increased only after Cd exposure, while GST activity increased following 7 days of all metal exposures. However, GR activity did not alter in most cases. Total GSH and GSH/GSSG levels generally decreased, especially after 7 days. Data showed that metal exposures significantly altered the response of antioxidant system parameters, particularly at day 7 and some recovery occurred after 14 days. This study suggests that the response of antioxidant system could help to predict metal toxicity in the aquatic environments and be useful as an "early warning tool" in natural monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eroglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
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Kanak EG, Dogan Z, Eroglu A, Atli G, Canli M. Effects of fish size on the response of antioxidant systems of Oreochromis niloticus following metal exposures. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1083-1091. [PMID: 24402083 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The size of a fish is an important factor in its physiology, and metal uptake is affected by animal physiology. In this study, small and large tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) differing approximately twofold in length and fivefold in weight were compared for their antioxidant response. Both groups were exposed to Cu or Cr (1.0 μg/mL) in a freshwater (-80 mg CaCO3/L, conductivity 1.77 mS/cm) using 2 exposure protocols (20 μM for 48 h and 10 μM for 6 days). Following the exposures, the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; glutathione reductase, GR and glutathione S-transferase, GST) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the liver of fish. Results showed that small fish was affected from exposure conditions much more than large ones as their antioxidant parameters significantly decreased even in controls. Metal exposures of small fish caused significant increases in SOD and CAT activity in acute Cu or Cr exposures. Subchronic Cr exposure of small fish also caused significant increases in CAT, GPx and GST activities, while there was no significant change in Cu-exposed ones. Large fish, however, showed different antioxidant responses as their levels mostly decreased. This study demonstrated that the response of antioxidant system in the liver of tilapia varied in relation to fish sizes and emphasized using different size groups in environmental monitoring and also in evaluation of fish biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Kanak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of Cukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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Dogan Z, Eroglu A, Kanak EG, Atli G, Canli M. Response of antioxidant system of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following exposure to chromium and copper in differing hardness. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 92:680-686. [PMID: 24610354 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to copper or chromium in soft water (SW) (~80 mg CaCO3/L, conductivity 1.77 mS/cm) or hard water (HW) (~320 mg CaCO3/L, conductivity 5.80 mS/cm) using 2 exposure protocols (20 μM for 48 h and 10 μM for 144 h). Following the exposures, antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the liver of fish. SOD and CAT activities of control fish kept in SW were significantly lower than control fish kept in HW. However, the other antioxidant indices (glutathione metabolism) of both control fish were unaffected from water hardness. Acute metal exposures did not alter the glutathione metabolism, whereas SOD activity in SW and CAT activity in both waters changed significantly. In subchronic duration, Cu exposure caused significant decreases in measured parameters, except for GST activity and GSH level. Similarly, GST activity and GSH level were unaffected from Cr exposure. This study showed that SOD and CAT were the most sensitive antioxidant indices, and that glutathione metabolism, in general, was not altered following metal exposures in different waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Dogan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, University of Çukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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Özkan-Yilmaz F, Özlüer-Hunt A, Gündüz SG, Berköz M, Yalin S. Effects of dietary selenium of organic form against lead toxicity on the antioxidant system in Cyprinus carpio. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:355-363. [PMID: 23974671 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study was evaluated potential protective effect of organic selenium (Se) on heavy metal stress induced by lead (Pb) in Cyprinus carpio. For this reason, C. carpio was exposed to sublethal concentration of Pb (1.5 mg/L Pb(NO3)2) for 14 days. The fish were fed a basal (control; measured 0.55 mg/kg Se) diet or a basal diet supplemented with 2.50 mg/kg (measured 2.92 mg/kg Se) organic Se (Sel-Plex(®)) during the experiment period. The variations in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) with malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and brain tissues of C. carpio were investigated in experimental groups. GSH levels in liver and brain tissues were significantly decreased by exposure to Pb. GST activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of treated fish by exposure to Pb. Also, GSH-Px activity was significantly increased in liver tissue, but decreased in brain of Pb-treated fish. Levels of MDA were increased in liver and brain of Pb-treated fish. The organic Se treatment for Pb-intoxicated animals improved activities of GSH-Px, GST and levels of MDA within normal limits. Supplemented Se could be able to improve Pb-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and regulating antioxidant defense system in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferbal Özkan-Yilmaz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, 33169, Mersin, Turkey,
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Zahedi S, Akbarzadeh A, Rafati M, Banaee M, Sepehri moghadam H, Raeici H. Biochemical responses of juvenile European sturgeon, (Huso huso) to a sub-lethal level of copper and cadmium in freshwater and brackish water environments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2013; 11:26. [PMID: 24499513 PMCID: PMC4176314 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Caspian Sea basin, sturgeons spend the larval and juvenile stages in freshwaters of rivers and then, they migrate to brackish waters of the sea where they grow and mature. With regard to the elevation of the metal concentrations in coastal waters and sediments of the Caspian Sea and its adjacent rivers, it is likely that juvenile sturgeon are exposed to sub-lethal levels of metals during seawater entry process. We compared the biochemical responses of juvenile European sturgeon, (Beluga, Huso huso) exposed to a sub-lethal level of copper (Cu, 20 μg/L) and cadmium (Cd, 300 μg/L) in freshwater (FW, 0 ppt) and brackish water (BW, 11 ppt) for seven days. The results showed that the levels of plasma glucose increased significantly in BW and in all metal exposed groups. Also, plasma cortisol concentrations showed significant increases when juveniles were exposed to BW, Cu(FW/BW) and Cd(BW). The activity of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly in BW compared with FW. Moreover, Cu and Cd exposure enhanced the activity of SOD in BW, while SOD did not show any changes in FW. The levels of tissue and plasma proteins as well as plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and liver Catalase (CAT) activity remained constant when animals were exposed to Cu/Cd in both FW and BW environments. Our data indicate that exposure of juvenile beluga to BW stimulated the general biochemical responses of stress such as cortisol and glucose, while sub-lethal exposure to Cu and Cd caused oxidative stress in BW environment but not in FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zahedi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafati
- Department of Natural Resources, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Department of Aquaculture, Natural Resource and Environmental Faculty, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Raeici
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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