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Mohammadpour A, Motamed-Jahromi M, Abbasi F, Hesaruiyeh FA, Shahsavani E, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of the concentration and human health risk of nitrate and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in melons from a southern region of Iran: Identification of pollution sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171702. [PMID: 38508256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Decentralized agriculture, improper monitoring of cultivation conditions, and leaching of contaminants into lands led to the contamination of crops with various potentially toxic elements (PTEs). However, it is essential to know more about the profile level and associated risk of these contaminants and their origin, especially in high-water content crops. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of PTEs in melons of one of Iran's southern cities and follow that health risk assessment in the target population for the first time. Results of the present study confirmed that although the mean concentration of some metals was lower than the safety standard (Cr: 4.6 ± 2 mg/kg and Pb: 7.4 ± 4 mg/kg), their nutritional value was unfavorable regarding some micronutrients (Cu: 88.8 ± 27 mg/kg and Zn: 480 ± 275 mg/kg). The highest metal concentration in cantaloupe was iron (1706.47 mg/kg, p-value<0.05), and nitrate concentration in all melon types was 2.59-524.54 mg/kg (p-value<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model have shown that contaminants in melons originated from human activities. So, excessive use of agricultural fertilizers is a possible source of nitrates in melons, which have 93 % of factor loading values. The health risk assessment also showed that melons' carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk using the deterministic method was lower than the permissible limit (HQ < 1, ILCR 1 in the children group for the 95th percentile. Furthermore, the level of certainty in the carcinogenesis risk for children, women, and men was estimated at 86.48 %, 64.67 %, and 61.30 %, respectively. Also, the consumption rate was determined as the most important parameter in the sensitivity analysis. As a consequence, there is a potential health risk for Iranians after the consumption of melon due to PTEs and nitrate levels that also originated from anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Fariba Abbasi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Allahdinian Hesaruiyeh
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, P.O. Box 311-86145, Iran; Clinical Core Laboratory, Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital Complex, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shahsavani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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2
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Goni MA, Hosen L, Khan AS, Abdullah-Al-Mamun M, Khatun MJ, Siddiquee T. Elevated Uptake and Translocation Patterns of Heavy Metals in Different Food Plants Parts and Their Impacts on Human Health. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z. [PMID: 38512452 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Irrigation with contaminated wastewater is a common practice in cultivation of crops and vegetables in many developing countries due to the scarcity of available fresh water. The present study has investigated the transfer and mobilization trends of heavy metals in different crops and vegetables plants grown in contaminated soil and waterbody. The translocation patterns of metals from polluted sources into different organs of plants bodies such as roots and edible parts and associated health risks have been evaluated simultaneously. Total of 180 different environmental samples including food plants, agricultural soil, and irrigation water were collected and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As) in water, soil, and different parts of crops and vegetable plants were compared with the permissible levels reported by FAO/WHO, EU, and USEPA. Different metals contents within the food plants were found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. Pollution load index (PLI) data indicate that soil is highly polluted with Cd as well as moderately contaminated by As and Cu. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed excessive accumulation of some heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) analysis data showed higher carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both adult and children from the consumption of metal-contaminated food items. The results of metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), and hazard index (HI) analyses demonstrated the patterns of metals pollution in different food plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Goni
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Lokman Hosen
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Shamim Khan
- Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Centre, Pulerhat Jashore, 7400, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdullah-Al-Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Most Johura Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasneem Siddiquee
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
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3
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Bala N, Pakade YB, Mahurkar M, Kadaverugu R, Minakshi, Katnoria JK. Spatial distribution and source identification of metal contaminants in soil and rice grain samples: a study on exploration of soil quality and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:260. [PMID: 38349567 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess soil quality and potential health risks associated with soil pollution of the Batala region of Punjab, India. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH (6.69-7.43), electrical conductivity (0.17-0.33 mS/cm), and total organic carbon (1.01-5.94%) were observed to be within permissible limits. The maximum mean content (mg/kg) of heavy metals in soil was found as Fe (4060.93), Zn (444.33), Mn (278.5), Pb (23.16), Cu (21.78), Ni (20.16), Co (7.14), and Cd (1.85) which were below the prescribed limits but beyond the geochemical background limits of world soil. For rice grain samples, metal content (mg/kg) was seen as Fe (307.01) > Zn (12.41) > Mn (7.43) > Cu (4.57) and was below the permissible limits. The mean bioaccumulation factor for various metals was in the order as Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn. Single and integrated soil pollution indices revealed that among 18 sites, six were highly contaminated. The ecological risk index (Er) has shown that contamination of soil with Cd, Zn, and Ni was higher than that of other metals studied. The estimated daily intake of metal (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were higher for children than those for adults. Spatial variability based on metal pollution load and soil quality was also determined using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). During CA, soil samples from 18 sites formed three statistically significant clusters based on the level of metal pollution at the specific site. PCA showed that all variables were reduced into two main components 1 and 2 with eigenvalues as 3.82 (47% variance) and 1.53 (19.7% variance), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Bala
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh B Pakade
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Mohit Mahurkar
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Rakesh Kadaverugu
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Minakshi
- Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Manwani S, Devi P, Singh T, Yadav CS, Awasthi KK, Bhoot N, Awasthi G. Heavy metals in vegetables: a review of status, human health concerns, and management options. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:71940-71956. [PMID: 35921005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For sustainable global growth, food security is a prime concern issue, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Adverse effects on crop quality from contaminants like heavy metals have affected food security and human health. Vegetables comprise the essential and nutritious part of the human diet as they contain a lot of health-promoting minerals and vitamins. However, the inadvertent excess accumulation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in vegetables and their subsequent intake by humans may affect their physiology and metabolomics and has been associated with diseases like cancer, mental retardation, and immunosuppression. Many known sources of hazardous metals are volcano eruptions, soil erosion, use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and irrigation with wastewater, industrial effluents, etc. that contaminate the vegetables through the soil, air and water. In this review, the problem of heavy metal contamination in vegetables is discussed along with the prospective management strategies like soil amendments, application of bioadsorbents, membrane filtration, bioremediation, and nanoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Manwani
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Pooja Devi
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Tanvi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, 382007, India
| | - Kumud Kant Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Narain Bhoot
- Central Laboratory, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India
| | - Garima Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India.
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Lima GDS, Menegario AA, Suarez CA, Kamazuka SH, Gemeiner H, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ferioli RB, Barreto AS. Pelagic and estuarine birds as sentinels of metal(loid)s in the South Atlantic Ocean: Ecological niches as main factors acting on bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121452. [PMID: 36958663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activities related to the offshore exploration and production of oil and natural gas provide economic development and an essential energy source. However, besides the risk of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, these activities can also be sources of metals and metalloids for marine organism contamination. In this research, we evaluated the potential use of two pelagic (black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris and yellow-nosed albatross T. chlororhynchos) and one estuarine bird species (neotropical cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus) as sentinels of contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, and Hg in an area under influence of oil and gas activities. The analyses were carried out in samples collected from 2015 to 2022 from 97 individuals. A factor alert; an adaptation from the contamination factor is proposed to identify individuals with high concentrations that possibly suffered contamination by anthropogenic origin. Grouping all species, the metal(loid)s with the highest concentrations were in decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb. Similar concentrations were observed for V, Mn, Cr and Pb among the three species. Pelagic birds showed higher levels of concentrations for Hg, As and Cd. Based on the correlations and multivariate analysis performed, the results indicate that the ecological niche factor has greater relevance in the bioaccumulation of these elements compared to the habitat. Although some individuals showed high concentrations in part of the trace elements, suggesting exposure to anthropic sources, the direct influence of oil production and exploration activities was not observed, suggesting that activities on the continent are the primary contamination source. The results of this work highlight the role of seabirds as sentinels for metal(loid)s, contributing to the knowledge of the occurrence of contaminants in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dos Santos Lima
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antonio Menegario
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alfredo Suarez
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Harumi Kamazuka
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Hendryk Gemeiner
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Basin Studies Laboratory (LEBAC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Maria Sánchez-Sarmiento
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Beneton Ferioli
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Silva Barreto
- Biodiversity Informatics and Geomatic Laboratory (LIBGeo), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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6
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Shao Y, Xu X, Wang L, Han J, Katuwal HB, Jiao S, Qiu G. Human Dietary Exposure to Heavy Metals via Rice in Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4134. [PMID: 36901157 PMCID: PMC10001872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in rice on human health have become a global public health concern, particularly in countries where rice is consumed as a staple food. The concentrations of HMs, including cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu), in commercial rice samples (n = 170) were analyzed to estimate the HM exposure of consumers in Nepal. The geometric mean concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, and Cu in commercial rice were 15.5 ± 16.0, 43.4 ± 19.6, 16.0 ± 14.0, and 1066 ± 1210 μg/kg, respectively, all below the maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) recommended by FAO/WHO. Generally, the average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Cd, As, Pb, and Cu were all below the oral reference doses (RfDs). However, young age groups were exposed to high levels of HMs, and the average EDI of As and the P99.9 EDIs of Cu and Cd were above the corresponding RfDs. The mean hazard index and total carcinogenic risk were 1.13 and 1.04 × 10-3 respectively, suggesting a potential non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) and a carcinogenic risk (CR) via rice consumption. Arsenic contributed the most strongly to NCR and Cd to CR. Overall, although the HM levels in rice were generally safe, the Nepalese population may be exposed to an elevated health risk from rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Shao
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jialiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hem Bahadur Katuwal
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Shulin Jiao
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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Rashid UA, Bhutto S, Jalbani N, Perveen F, Ismail S, Nazir F. Health Risk and Metal Contamination Assessment in Orange (Citrus aurantium) of Pakistan: a Multivariate Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03515-w. [PMID: 36477658 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxic metals (TMs) are serious health hazard and are known to accumulate in fruits, which are consumed by people, owning to their distinct sweet flavor and potential health benefits. In the present study, arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) techniques in orange samples from 11 farmhouses of Sargodha, Pakistan. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a very useful analysis and data-reducing tool. This technique was used to explore the relationship between different metal levels in the oranges. The conventional wet acid digestion method was validated and assured with two (02) certified reference materials NIST-SRM 1515-Apple and (CRM) NIST-1570a Spinach Leaves by recovery test coupled with standard addition procedure. The results showed that Cd and Cr average daily intakes are 0.084 and 0.15 mg slightly higher than World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO/FAO) recommended tolerable daily intake respectively. The assessment of health risk was also carried out in form of total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI), indicating three heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) have significant human health risk potential to consumers while Cu, As, Hg, and Ni have non-significant (THQ < 1) health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Asghar Rashid
- Centre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Shahra-E-Saleem-Uz-Zaman Siddiqui, Road, KarachiKarachi, 75280, Pakistan
- PCSIR Laboratories Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bhutto
- Centre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Shahra-E-Saleem-Uz-Zaman Siddiqui, Road, KarachiKarachi, 75280, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Jalbani
- Centre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Shahra-E-Saleem-Uz-Zaman Siddiqui, Road, KarachiKarachi, 75280, Pakistan
| | - Fahmida Perveen
- Centre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Shahra-E-Saleem-Uz-Zaman Siddiqui, Road, KarachiKarachi, 75280, Pakistan
| | | | - Farzana Nazir
- PCSIR Laboratories Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Li D, Zhang Q, Sun D, Yang C, Luo G. Accumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in rice: a case study for five areas of Guizhou Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84113-84124. [PMID: 35776312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the concentration and accumulation abilities of five heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr) in rice were assessed and their human health risk to local citizens had been evaluated. Soil and rice samples (125 samples) were collected from Guiyang (GY), Qiannan (QN), Bijie (BJ), Tongren (TR), and Zunyi (ZY) in Guizhou Province. Heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. The mean concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr were 0.58, 0.65, 12.31, 38.70, and 87.30 mg/kg in soil and were 0.05, 0.005, 0.11, 0.07, and 0.34 mg/kg in rice, respectively. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) decreased with the order Cd > Hg > As > Cr > Pb. Non-carcinogenic risk in this study was evaluated using the method of the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The mean HQ values for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr were all lower than the standard limit (1.0) for children and adults, except As with the mean HQ for children of 2.79. The mean HI values for children and adults were 4.22 and 1.42, which exceeded 1.0. The mean carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As and Pb for children and adults were higher than the upper limit of the acceptable range (1 × 10-4) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In a conclusion, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks induced by heavy metals for children were higher than that for adults. This study revealed that consumption of rice in study areas may pose potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to humans, and As was the largest contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuan Li
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dali Sun
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chaolian Yang
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guofei Luo
- School of Public Health/the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Rafiq A, Shah MH, Mohany M, Tahir AA, Elsadek MF, Qayyum MA, Abbasi AM. Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14678. [PMID: 36429397 PMCID: PMC9691157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of toxic trace metals in the food chain is one of the major threats to human health. Milk is part of a balanced diet, which is essential for proper growth, but the ingestion of contaminated milk may cause chronic health disorders. The present study is focused on the assessment of contamination of toxic trace metals in buffalo milk and the associated health risks to the consumers of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Standard analytical methods were employed to quantify the metal contents in the milk samples collected from various shops and homes in the months from June 2021 to October 2021. Health risk assessment was accomplished by computing estimated daily intake (EDI), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR). On a comparative basis, the mean concentration of Cr was found to be highest in both shop and home milk samples (101.3 ± 45.33 and 54.11 ± 24.20 mg/L, respectively), followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd levels. In buffalo milk collected from homes, the highest concentration of the metals was found in October, followed by July, September, June, and August. In shop milk, the increasing trend of metal contents was July > October > September > June > August. Significantly strong positive relationships were noted between the metal concentrations in the milk samples. Multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis exhibited significant anthropogenic contributions of the metals in buffalo milk. Mostly, the EDI and HRI values were exceeding the recommended limits; however, THQ, HI, and TCR showed that the intake of these metals through milk consumption was within the safe limit and thus revealed no significant carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to the consumers. It is high time to ensure the continuous monitoring of organic/inorganic toxins in the milk and concerned authorities should take strict measures to control the contamination of milk and other food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Munir H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Ahmad Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
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10
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Tian W, Gao P, Zong DP, Liu JJ, Zhang MY, Wang CC, Wang ZX, Wang JM, Niu YY, Xiang P. The oral bioaccessibility and gingival cytotoxicity of metal(loid)s in wild vegetables from mining areas: Implication for human oral health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1042300. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1042300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHeavy metal(loid)s are frequently detected in vegetables posing potential human health risks, especially for those grown around mining areas. However, the oral bioaccessibility and gingival cytotoxicity of heavy metals in wild vegetables remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we assessed the total and bioaccessible Cr, As, Cd, Pb, and Ni in four wild vegetables from mining areas in Southwest China. In addition, the cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of vegetable saliva extracts on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) were studied.ResultsThe Plantago asiatica L. (PAL) showed the highest bioaccessible Cr, As, Cd, and Pb, while the greatest bioaccessible Ni was in Taraxacum mongolicum (TMM). The Pteridium aquilinum (PAM), Chenopodium album L. (CAL), and TMM extracts decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, caused DNA damage, and disrupted associated gene expressions. However, PAL extracts which have the highest bioaccessible heavy metals did not present adverse effects on HGEC, which may be due to its inhibition of apoptosis by upregulating p53 and Bcl-2.ConclusionOur results indicated that polluted vegetable intake caused toxic effects on human gingiva. The heavy metals in vegetables were not positively related to human health risks. Collectively, both bioaccessibility and toxic data should be considered for accurate risk assessment.
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Yang L, Yang Y, Tian W, Xia X, Lu H, Wu X, Huang B, Hu W. Anthropogenic activities affecting metal transfer and health risk in plastic-shed soil-vegetable-human system via changing soil pH and metal contents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136032. [PMID: 35977571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and concomitant risk of metals in plastic-shed soil (PSS)-vegetable system around industrial areas have attracted growing public concern recently, while limited studies have focused on human bioaccessible metals in various plastic-shed vegetables and health risk calculated using bioaccessible metals. Previous studies showed that intensive farming and industrial activities could prominently affect metal migration from PSS to vegetables via altering PSS pH, total and bioavailable metal contents. In contrast, whether changes in PSS pH and metal contents control bioaccessible metals in vegetables and health risk is still unknown. For PSS management and sustainable plastic-shed vegetable production in the areas with rapid industrialization, 41 PSS and 32 plastic-shed vegetable samples were sampled from the industrial areas of Yangtze River Delta, China to systematically clarify the specific connections among anthropogenic activities, soil pH and metal contents, and metal transfer and health risk in PSS-vegetable-human system. The results indicated that Cr and Cd contents in 15.6% and 9.38% of vegetable samples exceeded the allowable limits in China. Tolerable cancer risk existed and was mainly induced by bioaccessible Cr in vegetables. Decreased PSS pH mainly caused by heavy use of nitrogen fertilizers increased bioavailable Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu in PSS and subsequently enhanced their total and bioaccessible contents in vegetables. Prominent Cr accumulation in PSS induced by industrial wastewater irrigation exacerbated Cr uptake by vegetables, which increased bioaccessible Cr in vegetables and contributed greatly to cancer risk. To reduce transfer and health risk especially of Cd and Cr in the food chain, some appropriate measures related to source control and remediation should be proposed for preventing and mitigating PSS acidification and Cr accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunxi Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Tian
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Xia
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Lu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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Giri A, Bharti VK, Kalia S, Acharya S, Kumar B, Chaurasia OP. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Due to Wheat, Cabbage, and Spinach Consumption at Cold-Arid High Altitude Region. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4186-4198. [PMID: 34750742 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Soil and water from the trans-Himalayan high-altitude region contain high concentrations of various heavy metals. Vegetables and cereals such as cabbage, spinach, and wheat are most prone to heavy metal accumulation from soil and water which can be toxic for human consumption. It has yet to be studied how consumption of vegetables and cereal with excess heavy metal content can affect human health in high altitude areas. To this end, the objectives of this study are (a) quantify the concentrations of Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Boron (B), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) in three crops (wheat, cabbage, and spinach), and (b) evaluate the health risk of excess dietary heavy metal consumption in the local adult population using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic parameters. A total of 60 samples were analyzed for minerals and potentially toxic elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results found that spinach has a high mineral content than wheat and cabbage. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each metal in each crop was less than the limit of permissible value. The hazard index (HI) of three plant species, and target hazard quotient (THQ) were less than the threshold level (< 1). The carcinogenic risk (CR) value in all the crops was less than the unacceptable risk level (1 × 10-4). These findings suggest that consumption of wheat, spinach, and cabbage does not have any significant effect on human health due to presence of elevated heavy metals at this high altitude region. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Giri
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, India.
- Department of Zoology, Baba Masthnath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124021, India.
| | - Vijay K Bharti
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, India
| | - Sahil Kalia
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, India
| | - Somen Acharya
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, India.
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- DRDO-Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India
| | - O P Chaurasia
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, India
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Souza-Araujo JD, Hussey NE, Hauser-Davis RA, Rosa AH, Lima MDO, Giarrizzo T. Human risk assessment of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) in marine fish from the Amazon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134575. [PMID: 35421445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated As, Hg, Pb and Cd burdens in both ecologically and commercially important 314 marine fishes belonging to 47 species sampled along the Amazon Coast. We specifically investigated variations in these four elements among different habitats and their relationships with trophic position and estimated potential human health risk by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR). Our analyses revealed that Hg concentrations in reef-associated fish were over 2-fold those recorded in demersal fish (p < 0.001). A stable isotope analysis indicated that most of the fish species analyzed herein are secondary consumers (i.e., TP > 2.9) and their trophic positions exhibited a significant negative correlation to As, Pb and Cd. Positive significant relationships were noted between As-Cd, As-Pb, As-Hg, Hg-Cd and Cd-Pb, suggesting that these elements exhibit similar dispersion properties and bioaccumulation homology, probably arising from natural fluvial inputs from the Amazon basin system. Detected As concentrations were higher than established guidelines and legal limits in 63.8% of the examined species (n = 30), whereas Cd, Hg and Pb levels were generally very low. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of iAs, Hg and Pb were above reference dose (RfD) in more almost half of species analyzed and HQ values were each found to pose potential non-carcinogenic health risks if high amounts are consumed over time. HI indicates that the determined elements attained levels considered as potential human health hazards trough consumption of eight cartilaginous fish. The TR values of iAs and Pb were higher than the guideline value and given this, individuals who continuously consume cartilaginous fish contaminated with the toxic elements determined here will likely be under increased cancer risks in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Souza-Araujo
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia do Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil; Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental. Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Integrative Biology. University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Biogeoquímica Ambiental. Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia do Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil; Instituto de Ciencias do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Ali MM, Ali ML, Jahan Rakib MR, Islam MS, Bhuyan MS, Senapathi V, Chung SY, Roy PD, Sekar S, Md Towfiqul Islam AR, Rahman MZ. Seasonal behavior and accumulation of some toxic metals in commercial fishes from Kirtankhola tidal river of Bangladesh - A health risk taxation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134660. [PMID: 35469901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of fish with heavy metals (Heavy metals) is one of the most severe environmental and human health issues. However, the contamination levels in tropical fishes from Bangladesh are still unknown. To this end, the evaluated concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 12 different commercially important fish species (Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Glossogobius giuris, Pseudeutropius atherinoides, Polynemus paradiseus, Sillaginopsis panijus, Corica soborna, Amblypharyngodon mola, Trichogaster fasciata, and Wallago attu) were collected from the Kirtankhola River assess human health risk for the consumers, both in the summer and winter seasons. Toxic metals surpassed the acceptable international limits in P. atherinoides, P. paradiseus, S. panijus, C. soborna, and W. attu. The target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that non-carcinogenic health effects (HI < 1) for children and adults, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) indicated safety. Results show that children are more susceptible to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards from higher As. The multivariate analysis justified that heavy metals were from anthropogenic actions. The lessening of toxic metals might need strict rules and regulations as metal enrichment would continue to increase in this tidal river from both the anthropogenic and natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Lokman Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Simul Bhuyan
- Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Association, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Institute of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences & Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sang Yong Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ali MM, Ali ML, Bhuyan MS, Islam MS, Rahman MZ, Alam MW, Das M, Mustary S, Islam MN. Spatiotemporal variation and toxicity of trace metals in commercially important fish of the tidal Pasur River in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40131-40145. [PMID: 35118591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The release of toxic metals in the water creates an adverse condition for the living organisms (e.g., fish). The aim of this research was to learn more about the spatiotemporal variations and toxicity of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) among fish species that are economically important (Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Mystus vittatus, Glossogobius giuris, Harpadon nehereus, Pseudapocryptes elongatus, Polynemus paradiseus, and Sillaginopsis panijus) collected from Pasur River. Heavy metal (HMs) concentrations were evaluated using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique. Most of the metals showed no significant variation spatiotemporally (p ˃ 0.05) except As and Cr showed substantial variation in terms of seasons (p ˂ 0.05). All fish species' Cr and Pb concentrations, as well as As and Cd values, were estimated to be greater than FAO/WHO tolerable concentrations, implying that these metals pose danger to humans. HM has a total hazard quotient (THQ) value in individual fish species reported to be greater than 1, whereas an individual metal, arsenic, exceeds the standard value (THQ > 1), causing a significant noncarcinogenic issue in the study region. The target hazard (TR) value for As and Pb exceeds the USEPA norm (10-4) suggesting that long-term consumption of fish poses a chronic cancer risk to the people in the study field. According to the findings, the fish in the Pasur River are unfit for human consumption. The correlation matrix (CM) indicates that sources of metals are similar (e.g., industries, ships, agricultural inputs, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lokman Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Simul Bhuyan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences & Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
- Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Association, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Zillur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries, Quality Control Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wahidul Alam
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Sciences & Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Das
- Department of Fisheries, Matshya Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sobnom Mustary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Md Nazrul Islam
- Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Grigoriou C, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Bakeas E, Leondiadis L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace elements dietary intake in inhabitants of Athens, Greece, based on a duplicate portion study. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Are Fresh Water and Reclaimed Water Safe for Vegetable Irrigation? Empirical Evidence from Lebanon. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of polluted water to irrigate is an increasing problem in the developing world. Lebanon is a case in point, with heavily polluted irrigation waters, particularly in the Litani River Basin. This study evaluated the potential health risks of irrigating vegetables (radishes, parsley, onions, and lettuce) using three water sources (groundwater, river water, and treated wastewater) and three irrigation methods (drip, sprinkler, and surface) over two growing seasons in 2019 and 2020. Water, crop, and soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, pathogens, and metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Zn). In addition, the bioaccumulation factor, estimated dietary intakes, health risk index, and target hazard quotients were calculated to assess the health risk associated with metal contamination. The study showed that, for water with less than 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL, no pathogens (Escherichia coli, salmonella, parasite eggs) were detected in irrigated vegetables, irrespective of the irrigation method. With over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL in the water, 8.33% of the sprinkler-and surface-irrigated vegetables, and 2.78% of the drip-irrigated root crops (radishes and onions), showed some degree of parasitic contamination. E. coli appeared only on root crops when irrigated with water having over 3 log CFU/100 mL. The concentrations of most metals were significantly lower than the safe limits of the FAO/WHO of the Food Standards Programme Codex, except for zinc and chromium. The trends in the bioaccumulation factor and the estimated dietary intakes of metals were in the order of Cu < Cd < Ni < Cr < Zn. The target hazard quotient values for all metals were lower than 1.0. Under trial conditions, the adoption of drip irrigation with water with less than 3 log E. coli CFU/100 mL proved to be safe, even for vegetables consumed raw, except for root crops such as onions and radishes that should not be irrigated with water having over 2 log E. coli CFU/100 mL. Treated wastewater had no adverse effect on vegetable quality compared to vegetables irrigated with other water sources. These results support efforts to update the Lebanese standards for water reuse in agriculture; standards proposed in 2011 by the FAO, and currently being reviewed by the Lebanese Institution of Standards. This research will inform a sustainable water management policy aimed at protecting the Litani River watershed by monitoring water quality.
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Heavy Metals Contaminants in Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. BR.): Toxicity and Risk Assessment for Humans along the Swat River Basin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation and health risk associated with absorption of the selected heavy metals (HMs) i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in a wild leafy vegetable Nasturtium officinale that grows along the Swat River in swampy areas. The areas were categorized using the ecological risk index (RI), which indicates how heavy metal concentrations in soil and plants change over time. The bioaccumulation factor was greater than that at the 400 ≤ RI sites, indicating a probable health risk of these metals from N. officinale consumption. Furthermore, the health risk index for Cd and Pb was more significant, i.e., greater than one in the majority of the samples, indicating health concerns associated with consuming N. officinale from the study site. However, Zn and Cu levels were lower than the nutritionally needed levels, raising the risk of deficiency in the population. Plants cultivated in Pb and Cd-polluted sites were nutrient deficient in Cu and Zn. Intake of such plants can expose people to HM contamination and nutritional deficiencies. The results concluded that the plants accumulated significant HM contents and may have health concerns but are safe for consumption in children and adults.
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Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS, Tusher TR, Uddin M, Khadka S, Chandra K, Sayeed A. Presence of toxic metals in rice with human health hazards in Tangail district of Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:40-60. [PMID: 32024372 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1724271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the staple food of Bangladeshi people and is consumed at least twice a day. Thus, the presence of toxic metals in rice grains has become a major public health concern in Bangladesh. The present research was conducted to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in rice grains and their possible human health risks in the Tangail district of Bangladesh. Toxic metals were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the mean concentrations of toxic metals in rice samples were found in order of Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, As, and Cd in the studied rice grain samples exceeded the FAO/WHO standard values for food samples by 100%, whereas the Ni concentrations by 10%. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant anthropogenic contributions of Cr, Ni, As, and Pb concentrations in rice grains. The metal concentrations in rice grain samples showed strong significant correlations by forming primary clusters with each other. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb from all samples were higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) allowed. The total targeted hazard quotient (TTHQ) values of Cu, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb also exceeded the threshold value of 1.00, indicating a potential non-carcinogenic risk. The estimated target carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the USEPA threshold level 10-4 (0.0001) indicating increased risk of cancer for adults and children in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minhaz Uddin
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Krishna Chandra
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sayeed
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
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Rajendran S, Priya TAK, Khoo KS, Hoang TKA, Ng HS, Munawaroh HSH, Karaman C, Orooji Y, Show PL. A critical review on various remediation approaches for heavy metal contaminants removal from contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132369. [PMID: 34582930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution remains a global environmental challenge that poses a significant threat to human life. Various methods have been explored to eliminate heavy metal pollutants from the environment. However, most methods are constrained by high expenses, processing duration, geological problems, and political issues. The immobilization of metals, phytoextraction, and biological methods have proven practical in treating metal contaminants from the soil. This review focuses on the general status of heavy metal contamination of soils, including the excessive heavy metal concentrations in crops. The assessment of the recent advanced technologies and future challenges were reviewed. Molecular and genetic mechanisms that allow microbes and plants to collect and tolerate heavy metals were elaborated. Tremendous efforts to remediate contaminated soils have generated several challenges, including the need for remediation methodologies, degrees of soil contamination, site conditions, widespread adoptions and various possibilities occurring at different stages of remediation are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - T A K Priya
- Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Study Program of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yasin Orooji
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Heavy Metals and Microbes Accumulation in Soil and Food Crops Irrigated with Wastewater and the Potential Human Health Risk: A Metadata Analysis. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13233405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater is actively used for irrigation of vegetable and forage crops in arid lands due to water scarcity and cost advantages. The objective of this review was to assess the effect of wastewater (mixture sources) reuse in irrigation on soil, crop (vegetable and forage crops), animal products, and human health. The metadata analysis of 95 studies revealed that the mean of toxic heavy metals including nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in untreated wastewater were higher than the world standard limits in wastewater-irrigated regions. Although heavy metals in treated wastewater were within the standard limits in those areas, the concentration of those toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, and As) exceeded the allowable limits in both soil and vegetables’ edible parts. In fact, the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables’ edible parts increased by 3–9 fold when compared with those irrigated with fresh water. Escherichia coli in wastewater-irrigated soil was about 2 × 106 (CFU g−1) and about 15 (CFU g−1) in vegetables’ edible parts (leaf, bulb, tuber and fruit) while the mean total coliforms was about 1.4 × 106 and 55 (CFU g−1) in soil and vegetables’ edible parts, respectively. For human health risk assessment, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and human health risk index (HRI) ranged from 0.01 to 8 (EDI and HRI > 1.0 associated with adverse health effects). Although the mean of EDI for heavy metals from wastewater-irrigated vegetables were less than 1, the HRI for Cd and Pb were above the limits for safe consumption. Overall, heavy metal levels in wastewater that used for irrigation of agricultural crops could be within the recommended levels by the world standards, but the long-term use of this reused water will contaminate soil and crops with several toxic heavy metals leading to potential carcinogenic risks to humans. Therefore, rigorous and frequent testing (wastewater, soil, and plant) is required in cultivated farms to prevent the translocation of heavy metals in the food chain.
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22
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Giri A, Bharti VK, Kalia S, Kumar B, Chaurasia OP. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through Cow Milk Consumption in Trans-Himalayan High-Altitude Region. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4572-4581. [PMID: 33677777 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of heavy metals contaminated dairy milk may affect human health. No such studies have been carried out at the high-altitude region to assess the human health risk after consuming dairy milk. To this end, this study reveals the evaluation of selected heavy metals in dairy milk in the summer and winter seasons, followed by the assessment of heavy metals health risk. Analysis of Jersey crossbred cattle's milk showed that only the zinc level was significantly higher in the summer season. All the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic parameters were below the permissible limits. However, the carcinogenic risk (CR) level of arsenic and cadmium showed near the threshold level. Based on these findings, it might be concluded that all the studied metals do not have any significant role in health risk. In the near future, CR could be a health concern due to cow milk consumption at a high-altitude region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Giri
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, 194101, India
| | - Vijay K Bharti
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, 194101, India.
| | - Sahil Kalia
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, 194101, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- DRDO-Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - O P Chaurasia
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, Ladakh UT, 194101, India
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23
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Bibi N, Shah MH, Khan N, Mahmood Q, Aldosari AA, Abbasi AM. Analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in some onion varieties. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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24
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Islam S, Bhowmik S, Hossain MK, Nordin N, Rahman M, Ahmmed MK, Parvin A, Hossain MA. Tilapia from Most of the Sources in Bangladesh are Safe for Human Consumption: A Hazard Index (HI) Based Study on Heavy Metals. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.1963377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabiha Islam
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamal Hossain
- Soil and Environment Research Section, Biological Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Noordiana Nordin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Parvin
- Soil and Environment Research Section, Biological Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abul Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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25
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Abiri R, Abdul-Hamid H, Sytar O, Abiri R, Bezerra de Almeida E, Sharma SK, Bulgakov VP, Arroo RRJ, Malik S. A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133868. [PMID: 34202844 PMCID: PMC8270261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambod Abiri
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; or
| | - Hazandy Abdul-Hamid
- Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; or
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Department of Plant Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 60, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran;
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718773654, Iran
| | - Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida
- Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Laboratory of Botanical Studies, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil;
| | - Surender K. Sharma
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India;
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity (Institute of Biology and Soil Science), Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
| | - Randolph R. J. Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Sonia Malik
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological & Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orléans, 1 Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, 45067 Orleans, France
- Correspondence: (H.A.-H.); (V.P.B.); or (S.M.)
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26
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Mathematical Model to Simulate the Transfer of Heavy Metals from Soil to Plant. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, but their various applications have led to their wide circulation in the environment, raising concerns over their latent effects on the environment and human health. Their toxicity depends on numerous factors, including chemical species, concentration of heavy metal ions, environmental factors, etc. Experimental studies on the single or cumulative effects of heavy metals on plants are complex, time consuming and difficult to conduct. An alternative is mathematical modeling, which can include different factors into an integrated system and can predict plant and environmental behavior under multiple stressors. This paper presents a mathematical model that simulates the dependence of temperature, concentration of Zn in the soil and the subsequent bioaccumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.); respectively, the reaction of lettuce to Zn contamination. The main results consist of three mathematical models, based on systems of ordinary differential equations and checking their predictions with available experimental data. The models are applied to predict an optimal harvest time of lettuce with low concentration of Zn, in identifying the availability of the analyzed species to phytoremediation operations and the possibility of maneuvering certain control factors to reduce or increase the intensity of the bioaccumulation process.
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27
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Ben Chabchoubi I, Bouguerra S, Ksibi M, Hentati O. Health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure via consumption of crops grown in phosphogypsum-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1953-1981. [PMID: 33216311 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The management of phosphogypsum (PG) heap, located south of the Sfax city in Tunisia, has been going on for decades. But dumping this solid waste still poses environmental problems. Even though valorized as amendment to agriculture soils, the sanitary impact of this practice is not seriously considered. To assess the risk of the transference of contaminants from PG to agricultural soil-plants food chain, a wild plant species Salicornia arabica grown in PG-contaminated field and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and oat (Avena sativa) grown in laboratory using different rates (10, 20 and 30%) of PG amendment, were tested. The cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, copper and zinc concentrations in soils and plants were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Measurements showed that Ni, Cu and Pb levels in the amended soils were below international standards except for Cd and Cr which exceeded Chinese, FAO/WHO and European allowable standard limits. Gathered results showed that the more the PG rate increases, the more the bioconcentration factors of heavy metals increased in plants, particularly in the roots. This is a prospective study assuming direct or indirect exposure scenario of different human cohorts by consuming varied common food stuffs. The Human Exposure to Soil Pollutants evaluation and United State Environment Protection Agency models were adopted for the hazard quotient calculation to assess the acceptability of sanitary risk related to each metal. The direct and indirect health risk assessments varied in the decreasing order: children, adolescents and then adults. Therefore, the PG amendment must not exceed the rate of 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Chabchoubi
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3,5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Bouguerra
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3,5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3,5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4,5, B.P. 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Hentati
- Laboratoire Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie (GEET), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Route de Soukra, Km 3,5, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra, Km 4,5, B.P. 1175, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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28
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Hossain MB, Rakib MRJ, Jolly YN, Rahman M. Metals uptake and translocation in salt marsh macrophytes, Porteresia sp. from Bangladesh coastal area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144637. [PMID: 33385646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies from around the world have suggested salt marshes or coastal wetlands can be used as sites for phytoremediation of metals. However, no investigations have been conducted to assess metal accumulation and translocation capabilities of salt marsh macrophytes from Bangladesh coastal area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake and translocation of eight metals, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Rb, Sr, and Pb in Porteresia sp. from the six salt marsh sites of Bangladesh. The leaf, shoots and root tissues of Porteresia sp. samples were analyzed for metals by using the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The decreasing trend of metal concentrations was, in roots; Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Zn > Sr > Rb > Co, in shoots; Mn >Fe > Cu > Pb > Zn > Sr > Rb > Co, in leaves; Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Zn > Rb > Sr > Co. Generally, roots of the Porteresia sp. showed high accumulation of the metals when compared to shoots and leaves suggesting relevant availability in the sediment. Pb was the only metal with concentrations significantly higher in the leaves and shoots than in the root. Except for Pb, bioaccumulation concentration factor (BCF) for all metals was lower than 1 in plant organs indicating poor absorption and bioavailability of metals. Higher value (>1) of BCF for Pb infers the species can potentially be used for Pb phytoremediation. However, the translocation factor (TF) confirmed the diversified mobility of the metals from below-ground part to above-ground parts for all the measured metals in the salt marsh species. Highest mobility was observed for Mn and Pb. But it was hard to find any regular trends among all the metals and all the sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belal Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Y N Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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29
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Škrbić BD, Živančev J, Antić I, Buljovčić M. Pollution status and health risk caused by heavy elements in the flooded soil and vegetables from typical agricultural region in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16065-16080. [PMID: 33244701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The investigation conducted in the Vojvodina Province, as a typical European and one of the biggest agricultural regions in the Balkans, offers the research methodology that could be used for any non/flooded agricultural region. The flood impact on heavy elements (HE) content in the flooded arable soil (n = 16) in relation to the control soil (n = 16) was examined, as well as their accumulation in the most often cultivated vegetables (n = 96) in the studied area. Results revealed that the flood did not significantly change the pseudo total HEs concentration in the soil as well as their amounts accumulated in different soil fractions. In both soils, only the average content of Ni exceeded the maximum permissible values set by Serbian soil quality standard which is in line with the Dutch standard. In comparison with the background values, notable enrichment is found for most of analyzed elements in both soils. Soil pollution status was assessed through several indices indicating that contamination range was in the domain from a moderate to a highly polluted. The principal component analysis demonstrated that soil contamination was probably originated from agricultural/anthropogenic activities (Cd, Cu, As, Pb), apart from Ni, Cr, and Co which came from natural weathering of the parent material. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of selected HEs for Serbian population in the investigated region were below the threshold values. The average levels of Pb in investigated potato and carrot samples were higher than the maximum allowable concentrations established by EU/Serbian regulation. The total hazard quotients (THQ) of HEs through intake of analyzed vegetables were below the safe threshold (˂ 1), suggesting the absence of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana D Škrbić
- Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Živančev
- Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Igor Antić
- Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Maja Buljovčić
- Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Guadie A, Yesigat A, Gatew S, Worku A, Liu W, Ajibade FO, Wang A. Evaluating the health risks of heavy metals from vegetables grown on soil irrigated with untreated and treated wastewater in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143302. [PMID: 33187701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Available freshwater scarcity significantly affects sustainable food production for the rapidly growing population. This problem has forced people in most parts of the world to use wastewater as a viable solution. However, wastewater reuse has some deleterious effects on human and environmental health. This study was designed to investigate the health risks (HRs) of heavy metals (HMs) from vegetables irrigated with untreated and treated wastewater. The composite wastewater was collected at various sites in Arba Minch town and subjected to aerobic-anoxic treatment. Treated and untreated wastewater (UTW) was used to irrigate vegetables (lettuce, cabbage and tomato), and HM results were compared with the control (tap water) and standards. Water, soil and vegetables were investigated for various physical and chemical properties. Human health effects due to vegetable consumption were analyzed using HR- index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The results revealed that most of the water quality indexes were significantly enhanced after aerobic-anoxic treatment, suggesting that wastewater collected from different sites was suitable for biodegradation. Soil physicochemical analyses also showed that pH, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon and organic matter were higher for UTW irrigated soil. Heavy metal concentrations were relatively greater in soils than water used for irrigation purposes and vegetables. The HM concentration in vegetables was higher for UTW than for treated and tap water irrigated vegetables. In vegetables, the order of HM content was Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. Tomato followed by cabbage and lettuce accumulated significant amount of HMs (Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd) in their different organs (fruit/leaf>root>stem). The individual and combined health indexes (HRI, THQ and HI) showed that Pb and Cd have values greater than unity for wastewater irrigated vegetables, which could result in non-carcinogenic disease for short/lifetime exposure in adults and children. Overall, consumption of vegetables can be safer when grown with treated effluent than with UTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Shetie Gatew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Worku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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31
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Tang M, Lu G, Fan B, Xiang W, Bao Z. Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-crop systems in Liujiang karst area, Southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9657-9669. [PMID: 33151491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the bioaccumulation and health risk of heavy metals in soil-crop systems is essential in Liujiang karst regions. In the current study, the single and comprehensive uptake effects of heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn) between rice and sugarcane and their rhizosphere soils were investigated. The estimated daily ingestion (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were estimated for health risk assessments. The results showed that the mean contents of Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn in rice soils were 25.8, 168, 1.91, 20.0, and 160 mg/kg, respectively, and those in sugarcane soils were 28.8, 186, 0.44, 31.0, and 108 mg/kg. Rice soils were mainly contaminated by Cd, and Cd and Cr were the main pollutants in sugarcane soils. The average concentrations of Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Zn in rice grains were 1.79, 0.15, 0.16, 0.11, and 12.7 mg/kg, respectively, and in sugarcanes were 0.10, 0.036, 0.022, 0.006, and 0.38 mg/kg. Both crops tended to take up Cd more effectively, and rice grains exhibited higher accumulation capacities of heavy metals in edible part than sugarcanes. Prediction models of Cd and comprehensive accumulation factors were established for rice and sugarcane, and different soil factors affect metal accumulation in crops cultivated in different types. Due to the exposure to As and Cd through rice consumption, non-carcinogenic risks are likely to occur in Liujiang residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molan Tang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guanghui Lu
- Geological Team No. 274 of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Bolun Fan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wu Xiang
- School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhengyu Bao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou, 311305, China.
- Ankang Se-Resources Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., Ankang, 725000, China.
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32
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Mahfooz Y, Yasar A, Guijian L, Islam QU, Akhtar ABT, Rasheed R, Irshad S, Naeem U. Critical risk analysis of metals toxicity in wastewater irrigated soil and crops: a study of a semi-arid developing region. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12845. [PMID: 32733057 PMCID: PMC7393170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic elemental exposure through consumption of contaminated crops is becoming a serious concern for human health. Present study is based on the environment and health risk assessment of wastewater irrigated soil and crops in a semi-arid region Faisalabad, Pakistan. The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometer in five different crops (Corn, rice, wheat, sugarcane and millet), while, their topsoil's and multi targeted risks analysis were assessed. Results showed, the mean values of Pb and Zn were higher in crop than Food and Agriculture Organization guidelines for food additives and contaminants. A strong positive correlation was found among wastewater and crop's toxic metals (r2 values in Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr were 0.913, 0.804, 0.752, 0.694, 0.587 respectively). Whereas, a strong correlation was also found among soil and wastewater lead (r2 = 0.639). The calculations of Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) showed the soil samples maximum pollution limit (NIPI > 3) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) was found to be higher than maximum limit (PERI > 600) for all samples. While, for non-carcinogenic risk, Hazard Index (HI) values in adult were near threshold (HI > 1) for all crop samples. In children, the HI values for Corn, Rice and Wheat were above threshold limit and for Sugarcane and Millet, these were near to threshold. Cancer risk values for Cr found higher than safe limit (1 × 10-6) in adult and children for crop samples. Crop irrigation by wastewater irrigation is a prominent alternative option for water scarce countries, however prior testing and treatment of such wastewater streams must be employed to minimize the adverse impacts on human health and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Mahfooz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Liu Guijian
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qamer Ul Islam
- District Officer Planning, City District Government Gujranwala, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Architecture and Town Planning, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amtul Bari Tabinda Akhtar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Samina Irshad
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Urooj Naeem
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Proshad R, Islam S, Tusher TR, Zhang D, Khadka S, Gao J, Kundu S. Appraisal of heavy metal toxicity in surface water with human health risk by a novel approach: a study on an urban river in vicinity to industrial areas of Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1780615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
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Tusher TR, Sarker ME, Nasrin S, Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS, Mamun SA, Tareq ARM. Contamination of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rooftop vegetables and human health risks in Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1767650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md. Eusuf Sarker
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaya Nasrin
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
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35
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Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS, Shamsuzzoha M, Akter A, Tusher TR. Concentrations, source apportionment and potential health risk of toxic metals in foodstuffs of Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1731551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Shamsuzzoha
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Akter
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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36
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Liu YM, Liu DY, Zhang W, Chen XX, Zhao QY, Chen XP, Zou CQ. Health risk assessment of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Cr) in wheat grain receiving repeated Zn fertilizers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113581. [PMID: 31753641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil application of Zn fertilizer is an effective approach to improve yield and Zn accumulation in wheat grain. However, it remains unclear whether repeated Zn application can result in high accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soils and grains and thus represents a potential risk for human consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the health risk assessment of HMs in a wheat production system which had continuously received 8 years of Zn application at varying rates (0, 2.3, 5.7, 11.4, 22.7, 34.1 kg Zn ha-1). The results showed that Zn application significantly increased the soil total Zn concentration without affecting concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Cr. Across Zn rates, Zn application increased grain concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd by 75%, 51% and 14%, respectively, and reduced grain As concentration by 14%. The human health risk assessment revealed that the threshold hazard quotients for the individual HM were below 1, independent of Zn rates. The hazard index (HI) values at Zn rates of 11.4, 22.7 and 34.1 kg Zn ha-1 were significantly greater than that at null Zn treatment. Furthermore, exposures to As, Cu and Zn accounted for 97% of HI at all Zn rates. Analysis of the threshold cancer risk with Pb and As showed that ingestion of wheat grain even from highest Zn application rate wouldn't bring the lifetime carcinogenic risk. In contrast, long-term Zn application significantly reduced the carcinogenic risk of As by 9.7-26.5%. In conclusion, repeated soil applications of Zn at optimal rate (5.7 kg Zn ha-1) didn't cause health risk for Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, and As, while improving productivity and grain Zn concentration of wheat to meet human recruitment. Our study highlights the importance of appropriate Zn fertilizer management in improving grain quality while reducing HMs risks from human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dun-Yi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing-Yue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Parveen R, Abbasi AM, Shaheen N, Shah MH. Accumulation of selected metals in the fruits of medicinal plants grown in urban environment of Islamabad, Pakistan. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Irshad S, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Ali MU, Rinklebe J. Estimating the pollution characteristics and health risks of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in urban-industrial soils in the Indus basin, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:748. [PMID: 31724064 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Indus Basin Irrigation Network (IBIN) plays a vital role in the agricultural system of Pakistan, irrigating seventeen million hectares of cultivated areas. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities along the Indus basin have influenced the soil quality and human health; it is, therefore, critical to know its pollution characteristics. Soil samples from Indus basin, i.e., Abbottabad (ABT), Haripur (HRP), Attock (ATC), and Islamabad (ISB) have been analyzed for the total contents of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) in the top layer. The topsoil samples from 0 to 10 cm depth have been further investigated using different pollution indices and human health risk assessment models. The contamination degree of soil pollution was highest in ISB (33.75), followed by ABT (25.30) and ATC (23.57). The assessment of the daily intake of PTMs by children and adults through different pathways revealed ingestion as the significant exposure pathway. Cr was found to be the major element posing non-carcinogenic health risks to children at ATC whereas the non-carcinogenic risks posed by all other PTMs were within the safe limit. Furthermore, life-time carcinogenic risks for Ni followed by Cr and Cd were greatly exceeded at all locations and As at ATC and ISB for both age groups, but comparatively children were found to be at a higher risk of carcinogenicity. Hence, efficient remediation strategies are needed to reduce the increasing content and health risks of PTMs in the Indus basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Rafiq K, Shaheen N, Shah MH. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and essential/toxicmetal levels and their health risk assessment in citrus fruits from Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:650. [PMID: 31624906 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are important components of human diet, and their contamination by environmental pollutants is an emerging challenge nowadays. The present study is based on the measurement of selected essential and toxic trace metals including Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Co, Sr, Li, Ni, Pb, and Cd in commercially available citrus fruits from Pakistan. The samples were digested in HNO3 and HCLO4 mixture, and the metal contents were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Highest concentration was found for Ca (609.0-3596 mg/kg), followed by relatively higher levels of K (277.6-682.1 mg/kg), Mg (53.65-123.4 mg/kg), Na (1.173-52.14 mg/kg), and Fe (0.236-10.57 mg/kg), while Li, Ni, and Cd showed the lowest contributions in most of the samples. In addition, antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ferrous chelating activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and phosphomolybdenum assay were also evaluated in the fruit samples. Considerably higher antioxidant activities were shown by grapefruit, mandarin, sweet lime, and tangerine. Most of the antioxidant assays were significantly correlated with Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu levels in the fruits. Human health risk was evaluated in terms of health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) which revealed insignificant health risks; thus, the consumption of these fruits can be considered as safe for human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khezina Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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40
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Shah GM, Tufail N, Bakhat HF, Ahmad I, Shahid M, Hammad HM, Nasim W, Waqar A, Rizwan M, Dong R. Composting of municipal solid waste by different methods improved the growth of vegetables and reduced the health risks of cadmium and lead. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5463-5474. [PMID: 30610583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reutilization of putrescible municipal solid wastes (MSW) in agriculture can provide valuable plant nutrients. However, it may pose serious noncarcinogenic health risks for a human when contaminants, especially the heavy metals in MSW, end up in plants through the waste-soil-plant continuum. This study examined the effects of composting methods viz. aerobically (AC), anaerobically (ANC), and aerobic-anaerobically (AANC) composted MSW material on (i) fertilizer value: vegetable yield, nitrogen (N) mineralization, and apparent N recovery (ANR); and (ii) associated health risks: selected heavy metal concentration, daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), hazard index (HI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) when applied to a loamy soil. All the aforementioned compost materials were incorporated into the sandy loam soil filled in pots and carrot and spinach were cultivated for 85 and 90 days, respectively. After soil application, between 51 and 56% of the applied organic N was mineralized from ANC material, while the values in case of AC and AANC were 26-31% and 34-40%, respectively. Consequently, dry matter yield and vegetable N uptake from composts were in the order ANC > AANC > AC (P < 0.05). Further, vegetable ANR was the highest from ANC (56 and 56%) than AANC (42 and 45%), and AC (30 and 33%) for spinach and carrot, respectively (P < 0.05). Interestingly, plant uptake of lead and cadmium was lowest from ANC as compared to AC or AANC (P < 0.05), irrespective of the vegetable type. Consequently, DIM, HRI, and THQ for these metals were substantially lower in the former as compared to the latter compost materials. Further, HI from ANC material was 50% lower over the unfertilized control indicating the absence of noncarcinogenic human health risks via vegetable intake. This all indicates that from viewpoint of sustainable waste recycling in agriculture, anaerobic composting is superior to the other composting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nadia Tufail
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Atika Waqar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Renjie Dong
- Yantai Institute, China Agriculture University, Yantai, 264670, Shandong Province, China
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Dala-Paula BM, Custódio FB, Knupp EAN, Palmieri HEL, Silva JBB, Glória MBA. Cadmium, copper and lead levels in different cultivars of lettuce and soil from urban agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:383-389. [PMID: 29990946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture plays an important role in sustainable food supply. However, because of the atmospheric pollution and soil contamination associated with urban areas, this activity may be of concern. In fact, contamination of soil with metals and the transference of contaminants to vegetables can represent health and safety risks associated with urban agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of selected trace metals (cadmium, copper and lead) in three lettuce cultivars produced in three different urban gardens in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil and their respective soils. Samples of lettuce and soil were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS-GF), respectively, and their transfer coefficients were calculated. The methods were optimized and were fit for the purpose. Copper was the prevalent metal found in soils and lettuce, with an average of 27.9 ± 13.9 and 0.608 ± 0.157 mg kg-1 respectively, followed by lead (19.4 ± 7.7 and 0.037 ± 0.039 mg kg-1), and cadmium (0.16 ± 0.03 and 0.009 ± 0.005 mg kg-1). Cadmium presented the largest transfer coefficients, ranging from 0.34 to 1.84 with an average of 0.92 ± 0.45, which may indicate a potential risk of accumulation in vegetables in the case of high soil contamination. A significant positive correlation was observed (p < 0.01) between cadmium in lettuce and in soil. Even though lead concentrations varied in the soils from the different urban areas, ranging from 11.88 to 30.01 mg kg-1, no significant difference (p < 0.05) was found among the lettuce, probably due to its low mobility (transfer coefficient = 0.02). The copper and cadmium levels found in lettuce indicate safe lettuce production in the three urban gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Dala-Paula
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia B Custódio
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eliana A N Knupp
- CDTN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Cx Postal 941, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helena E L Palmieri
- CDTN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Cx Postal 941, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Bento B Silva
- Laboratório de Absorção Atômica, Departamento de Química, ICEX, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz A Glória
- LBqA - Laboratório de Bioquímica de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
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42
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da Rosa Couto R, Comin JJ, Souza M, Ricachenevsky FK, Lana MA, Gatiboni LC, Ceretta CA, Brunetto G. Should Heavy Metals Be Monitored in Foods Derived From Soils Fertilized With Animal Waste? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:732. [PMID: 29922312 PMCID: PMC5996043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jucinei J. Comin
- Agroecossistemas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monique Souza
- Agroecossistemas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Biologia, Agrobiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Lana
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- SUSLAND, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Luciano C. Gatiboni
- Ciência do Solo, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Ceretta
- Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Ciência do Solo, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ahmad K, Ashfaq A, Khan ZI, Bashir H, Sohail M, Mehmood N, Dogan Y. Metal accumulation in Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa: an assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16676-16685. [PMID: 29603105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the shortage of clean water, most of the irrigated area (32,500 ha) of Pakistan was supplied with wastewater (0.876 × 109 m3/year). Concentrations of heavy metals in radish (Raphanus sativus) and turnip (Brassica rapa) taken from vegetable fields in Sargodha, Pakistan, were measured. Untreated wastewater was used persistently for a long time to irrigate these vegetable fields. A control site was selected that had a history of fresh groundwater irrigation. Mean metal concentrations were found for irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. In irrigation water, concentrations of Mo and Pb at three sites and Se at sites II and III were higher than the recommended limits. In vegetables, concentrations of Mo and Pb were above the maximum permissible limits. High bioconcentration factor was observed for Zn (12.61 in R. sativus and 11.72 in B. rapa) at site I and high pollution load index was found for Pb (3.89 in R. sativus and 3.87 in B. rapa) at site II. The differences in metal concentrations found in samples depended upon different soil nature and assimilation capacities of vegetables at different sites which in turn depended upon different environmental cues. The entrance of metal and metalloids to human body may happen through different pathways; however, the food chain is the chief route through which metals are transferred from vegetables to individuals. Health risk index observed for metals, (Mo, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb) higher than 1 indicated high risk through consumption of these vegetables at three sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Yunus Dogan
- Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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da Rosa Couto R, Faversani J, Ceretta CA, Ferreira PAA, Marchezan C, Basso Facco D, Garlet LP, Silva JS, Comin JJ, Bizzi CA, Flores EMM, Brunetto G. Health risk assessment and soil and plant heavy metal and bromine contents in field plots after ten years of organic and mineral fertilization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:142-150. [PMID: 29425845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and bromine (Br) derived from organic and industrialized fertilizers can be absorbed, transported and accumulated into parts of plants ingested by humans. This study aimed to evaluate in an experiment conducted under no-tillage for 10 years, totaling 14 applications of pig slurry manure (PS), pig deep-litter (PL), dairy slurry (DS) and mineral fertilizer (MF), the heavy metal and Br contents in soil and in whether the grains produced by corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under these conditions could result in risk to human health. The total contents of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Br were analyzed in samples of fertilizers, waste, soil, shoots and grains of corn and wheat. Afterwards, enrichment factor (EF), accumulation factor (AF), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk (TCR) were determined. Mineral fertilizer exhibited the highest As and Cr content, while the highest levels of Cu and Zn were found in animal waste. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil were below the limits established by environmental regulatory agencies. However, a significant enrichment factor was found for Cu in soil with a history of PL application. Furthermore, high Zn contents were found in shoots and grains of corn and wheat, especially when the plants were grown in soil with organic waste application. Applications of organic waste and mineral fertilizer provided high HRI and THQ for Br and Zn, posing risks to human health. The intake of corn and wheat fertilized with pig slurry manure, swine deep bed, liquid cattle manure and industrialized mineral fertilizer did not present TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Rosa Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Faversani
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima (IFRR), Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Ceretta
- Departamento de Solos e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | | | - Carina Marchezan
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Daniela Basso Facco
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Luana Paula Garlet
- Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Jussiane Souza Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Jucinei José Comin
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Brazil.
| | - Cezar Augusto Bizzi
- Departamento de Química e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Departamento de Química e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Departamento de Solos e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil.
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Miclean M, Cadar O, Levei L, Senila L, Ozunu A. Metal contents and potential health risk assessment of crops grown in a former mining district (Romania). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:595-601. [PMID: 29842846 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1473966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents in home-grown crops in a former mining district were determined in order to evaluate the non-carcinogenic long-term potential health risk related to crop consumption. The potential health risk was investigated by estimating the daily intake and the hazard quotients. For all crop categories, the daily intake and the target hazard quotient were below the threshold values for Cd, Cu, and Zn. The daily intake of Pb exceeded the oral reference dose, while the target hazard quotient for vegetables was above 1, indicating a potential health risk. The total target hazard quotient for the individual metals decreased in the following order: Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn. This study confirmed that the daily consumption of crops grown in contaminated soils could pose health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Miclean
- a INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
- b Somes-Tisa Water Basin Administration , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- a INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Levente Levei
- a INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
- c Babes-Bolyai University, Environmental Science and Engineering Faculty , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Lacrimoara Senila
- a INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Alexandru Ozunu
- c Babes-Bolyai University, Environmental Science and Engineering Faculty , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Khalid S, Shahid M, Natasha, Bibi I, Sarwar T, Shah AH, Niazi NK. A Review of Environmental Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Use for Crop Irrigation with a Focus on Low and High-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E895. [PMID: 29724015 PMCID: PMC5981934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Population densities and freshwater resources are not evenly distributed worldwide. This has forced farmers to use wastewater for the irrigation of food crops. This practice presents both positive and negative effects with respect to agricultural use, as well as in the context of environmental contamination and toxicology. Although wastewater is an important source of essential nutrients for plants, many environmental, sanitary, and health risks are also associated with the use of wastewater for crop irrigation due to the presence of toxic contaminants and microbes. This review highlights the harmful and beneficial impacts of wastewater irrigation on the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil (pH, cations and anions, organic matter, microbial activity). We delineate the potentially toxic element (PTEs) build up in the soil and, as such, their transfer into plants and humans. The possible human health risks associated with the use of untreated wastewater for crop irrigation are also predicted and discussed. We compare the current condition of wastewater reuse in agriculture and the associated environmental and health issues between developing and developed countries. In addition, some integrated sustainable solutions and future perspectives are also proposed, keeping in view the regional and global context, as well as the grounded reality of wastewater use for crop production, sanitary and planning issues, remedial techniques, awareness among civil society, and the role of the government and the relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.); (T.S.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.); (T.S.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.); (T.S.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tania Sarwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.); (T.S.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Ali Haidar Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.); (T.S.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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47
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Ding Z, Li Y, Sun Q, Zhang H. Trace Elements in Soils and Selected Agricultural Plants in the Tongling Mining Area of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020202. [PMID: 29370134 PMCID: PMC5858271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The quality and safety of agricultural products from metal mining areas are of wide concern. In order to investigate the contents and health risks of trace elements in fruit vegetables planted in metal mining areas, 440 samples of fruit vegetables from 117 vegetable plots were collected from Tongling mining area. Trace element contents in fruit vegetables and soil were measured. The results indicated that the total concentration of trace elements in some of the soil samples exceeded the Grade II national standard in China. Transfer factor (TF) of Cd was the highest (8.360), followed by Zn, Cu, As, and Pb. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of the trace elements, except Cd, were generally below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Zn for children was more than 1 in some vegetables, suggesting potential health hazards for child population. Total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of Cu and Zn were also more than 1 through consumption of all vegetables, indicating significant health risks. For both adults and children, hazard index (HI) was more than 1 for the consumption of vegetables. The findings reveal the health risks associated with the consumption of trace elements through the intake of selected vegetables in the population of Tongling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Haojie Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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48
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Hasan M, Kausar D, Akhter G, Shah MH. Evaluation of the mobility and pollution index of selected essential/toxic metals in paddy soil by sequential extraction method. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:283-291. [PMID: 28850811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparative distribution and mobility of selected essential and toxic metals in the paddy soil from district Sargodha, Pakistan was evaluated by the modified Community Bureau of Reference (mBCR) sequential extraction procedure. Most of the soil samples showed slightly alkaline nature while the soil texture was predominantly silty loam in nature. The metal contents were quantified in the exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions of the soil by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the metal data were subjected to the statistical analyses in order to evaluate the mutual relationships among the metals in each fraction. Among the metals, Ca, Sr and Mn were found to be more mobile in the soil. A number of significant correlations between different metal pairs were noted in various fractions. Contamination factor, geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor revealed extremely severe enrichment/contamination for Cd; moderate to significant enrichment/contamination for Ni, Zn, Co and Pb while Cr, Sr, Cu and Mn revealed minimal to moderate contamination and accumulation in the soil. Multivariate cluster analysis showed significant anthropogenic intrusions of the metals in various fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gulraiz Akhter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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49
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Abbas Q, Yousaf B, Liu G, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Ali MU, Munir MAM, Hussain SA. Evaluating the health risks of potentially toxic elements through wheat consumption in multi-industrial metropolis of Faisalabad, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26646-26657. [PMID: 28956229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution is the fastest growing concern around the entire globe especially in developing countries. Rapid industrialization and urbanization are the dominant sources of anthropogenic soil-food chain contamination with PTEs. The intent of current study was to investigate the interactive levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil and their accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) samples collected from 96 sites including industrial, urban, and peri-urban areas of a leading multi-industrialized center (Faisalabad) of Pakistan. According to results obtained from present study, non-carcinogenic (HQ) and life-time carcinogenic risks (CR) of the PTEs to the local inhabitants were estimated following the risk assessment modals proposed by the US-EPA. With respect to estimated HQ for chronic non-carcinogenic risk of Mn, Ni, and Pb, higher potential hazards were observed as compared to Cu, Fe, and Zn. Meanwhile, the carcinogenic risk of Ni marginally exceeded the limit described by US-EPA for adults. Overall, the health risks of PTEs with the consumption of wheat were lower than the limits described by US-EPA except for Ni. However, continuous consumption of this PTEs contaminated food may result the potential buildup of poisonousness and various disorders in humans. Therefore, long-term monitoring and gastrointestinal bio-accessibility studies are requisite for the safety of humans under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Soil, Water and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Arif Hussain
- Soil, Water and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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50
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Adrees M, Ibrahim M, Tsang DCW, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Zahir ZA, Rinklebe J, Tack FMG, Ok YS. A critical review on effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of cadmium in vegetables. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:90-105. [PMID: 28494365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in vegetables is an important environmental issue that threatens human health globally. Understanding the response of vegetables to Cd stress and applying management strategies may help to reduce the Cd uptake by vegetables. The aim of the present review is to summarize the knowledge concerning the uptake and toxic effects of Cd in vegetables and the different management strategies to combat Cd stress in vegetables. Leafy vegetables grown in Cd contaminated soils potentially accumulate higher concentrations of Cd, posing a threat to food commodities. The Cd toxicity decreases seed germination, growth, biomass and quality of vegetables. This reduces the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and alteration in mineral nutrition. Toxicity of Cd toxicity also interferes with vegetable biochemistry causing oxidative stress and resulting in decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Several management options have been employed for the reduction of Cd uptake and toxicity in vegetables. The exogenous application of plant growth regulators, proper mineral nutrition, and the use of organic and inorganic amendments might be useful for reducing Cd toxicity in vegetables. The use of low Cd accumulating vegetable cultivars in conjunction with insolubilizing amendments and proper agricultural practices might be a useful technique for reducing Cd exposure in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwnagjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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