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Abdelsattar M, Abdeldaym EA, Alsayied NF, Ahmed E, Abd El-Maksoud RM. Overlapping of copper-nanoparticles with microRNA reveals crippling of heat stress pathway in Solanum lycopersicum: Tomato case study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108791. [PMID: 38861818 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the tangible benefits of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for plants, the increasing use of CuNPs poses a threat to plants and the environment. Although miRNAs have been shown to mediate heat shock and CuNPs by altering gene expression, no study has investigated how CuNPs in combination with heat shock (HS) affect the miRNA expression profile. Here, we exposed tomato plants to 0.01 CuONPs at 42 °C for 1 h after exposure. It was found that the expression levels of miR156a, miR159a and miR172a and their targets SPL3, MYB33 and AP2a were altered under CuNPs and HS + CuNPs. This alteration accelerated the change of vegetative phase and the process of leaf senescence. The overexpression of miR393 under CuNPs and HS + CuNPs could also be an indicator of the attenuation of leaf morphology. Interestingly, the down-regulation of Cu/ZnSOD1 and Cu/ZnSOD2 as target genes of miR398a, which showed strong abnormal expression, was replaced by FeSOD (FSD1), indicating the influence of CuNPs. In addition, CuNPs triggered the expression of some important genes of heat shock response, including HsFA2, HSP70-9 and HSP90-3, which showed lower expression compared to HS. Thus, CuNPs play an important role in altering the gene expression pathway during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelsattar
- Plant Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Emad A Abdeldaym
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nouf F Alsayied
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Ahmed
- Plant Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem M Abd El-Maksoud
- Nucleic Acid and Protein Chemistry Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Yang J, Zhao X, Wang X, Xia M, Ba S, Lim BL, Hou H. Biomonitoring of heavy metals and their phytoremediation by duckweeds: Advances and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118015. [PMID: 38141920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of water bodies severely threatens human and ecosystem health. There is growing interest in the use of duckweeds for HMs biomonitoring and phytoremediation due to their fast growth, low cultivation costs, and excellent HM uptake efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on duckweeds and their suitability for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation. Duckweeds have been used for phytotoxicity assays since the 1930s. Some toxicity tests based on duckweeds have been listed in international guidelines. Duckweeds have also been recognized for their ability to facilitate HM phytoremediation in aquatic environments. Large-scale screening of duckweed germplasm optimized for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation is still essential. We further discuss the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of HMs on duckweeds. However, the existing data are clearly insufficient, especially in regard to dissection of the transcriptome, metabolome, proteome responses and molecular mechanisms of duckweeds under HM stresses. We also evaluate the influence of environmental factors, exogenous substances, duckweed community composition, and HM interactions on their HM sensitivity and HM accumulation, which need to be considered in practical application scenarios. Finally, we identify challenges and propose approaches for improving the effectiveness of duckweeds for bioremediation from the aspects of selection of duckweed strain, cultivation optimization, engineered duckweeds. We foresee great promise for duckweeds as phytoremediation agents, providing environmentally safe and economically efficient means for HM removal. However, the primary limiting issue is that so few researchers have recognized the outstanding advantages of duckweeds. We hope that this review can pique the interest and attention of more researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Manli Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Sang Ba
- Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China; Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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3
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Yin F, Li J, Wang Y, Yang Z. Biodegradable chelating agents for enhancing phytoremediation: Mechanisms, market feasibility, and future studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116113. [PMID: 38364761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals in soil significantly threaten human health, and their remediation is essential. Among the various techniques used, phytoremediation is one of the safest, most innovative, and effective. In recent years, the use of biodegradable chelators to assist plants in improving their remediation efficiency has gained popularity. These biodegradable chelators aid in the transformation of metal ions or metalloids, thereby facilitating their mobilization and uptake by plants. Developed countries are increasingly adopting biodegradable chelators for phytoremediation, with a growing emphasis on green manufacturing and technological innovation in the chelating agent market. Therefore, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and market prospects of biodegradable chelators for phytoremediation. This review focuses on elucidating the uptake, translocation, and detoxification mechanisms of chelators in plants. In this study, we focused on the effects of biodegradable chelators on the growth and environmental development of plants treated with phytoremediation agents. Finally, the potential risks associated with biodegradable chelator-assisted phytoremediation are presented in terms of their availability and application prospects in the market. This study provides a valuable reference for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiaojiang Branch of Taizhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Salbitani G, Maresca V, Cianciullo P, Bossa R, Carfagna S, Basile A. Non-Protein Thiol Compounds and Antioxidant Responses Involved in Bryophyte Heavy-Metal Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065302. [PMID: 36982378 PMCID: PMC10049163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution represents a problem which has been widely discussed in recent years. The biological effects of heavy metals have been studied in both animals and plants, ranging from oxidative stress to genotoxicity. Plants, above all metal-tolerant species, have evolved a wide spectrum of strategies to counteract exposure to toxic metal concentrations. Among these strategies, the chelation and vacuolar sequestration of heavy metals are, after cell-wall immobilization, the first line of defence that prevent heavy metals from interacting with cell components. Furthermore, bryophytes activate a series of antioxidant non-enzymatic and enzymatic responses to counteract the effects of heavy metal in the cellular compartments. In this review, the role of non-protein thiol compounds and antioxidant molecules in bryophytes will be discussed.
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5
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Serafini RJM, Arreghini S, Troiani HE, de Iorio ARF. Copper, zinc, and chromium accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from a highly polluted river of Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31242-31255. [PMID: 36443549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess Cu, Zn, and Cr pollution in a highly polluted river in Argentina (Matanza-Riachuelo) and to evaluate tolerance strategies and toxic effects in aquatic macrophytes. Chemical techniques were used to assess the bioavailability of these metals and to evaluate their uptake and translocation by plants. The ultrastructure of the roots of a free-floating plant (Eichhornia crassipes) and the leaves of an emergent macrophyte (Sagittaria montevidensis) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. In the lower basin of the river, the highest concentrations of total heavy metals were detected in water (179 µgZn/g; 54 µgCu/g; 240 µgCr/g) and sediments (1499 µgZn/g; 393 µgCu/g; 4886 µgCr/g). In the upper basin of the river, low percentages of Zn and Cu (8 to 25%) were extracted with DTPA and EDTA, probably due to the lithogenic origin of these metals. Higher extraction percentages (24 to 66%) were obtained in the lower basin, in accordance with anthropogenic pollution. For Cr, extraction percentages were low in the upper basin of the river (< 4.5%) and extremely low in the lower basin (< 0.03%). In S. montevidensis, the BCF (bioconcentration factor) and TF (translocation factor) indexes were compatible with heavy metal exclusion mechanisms in sediments, whereas in the E. crassipes, root compartmentalization could be the main tolerance strategy. The leaves of S. montevidensis showed no evidence of damage, whereas ultrastructural alterations (plasmolyzed cells, disorganized membranes) were observed in E. crassipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José María Serafini
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, CP1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Silvana Arreghini
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, CP1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Esteban Troiani
- Departamento de Caracterización de Materiales, Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Av. Bustillo 9500, CP8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Alicia Rosa Fabrizio de Iorio
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, CP1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Mesquita AF, Abrantes N, Campos I, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Gonçalves FJM, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Effects of wildfire ash on the growth and biochemical profiles of the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 250:106245. [PMID: 35907386 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are a social and environmental concern to the world due to their many adverse effects, including risk to the public health and security, economic damages in prevention and fight, ecosystems pollution, land usage sustainability, and biodiversity. In the Mediterranean region, these events have increased in the last years. Although several studies evaluated the impacts of the wildfires on the structure and function of the ecosystems and their communities, there is a lack of information at the biochemical level beyond the toxicological effects to the organisms. So, aiming to evaluate the potential toxic and biochemical effects of pine and eucalypt ash from high and low severity burned areas in the aquatic environments, L. minor growth, fatty acid and carbohydrate profiles were studied. Data showed that the wildfires ash from high severity burned areas are more toxic, with a higher growth inhibition than when exposed to ash from low severity burned areas. Considering the ash from low severity burned areas, eucalypt ash revealed to be more noxious to the macrophyte than pine ash. Furthermore, it was observed a decrease in the diversity and abundance of fatty acids content, comparing with the control. An opposite trend was observed in carbohydrates which increased with the organisms' exposure to almost all ash types, except in case of the organisms exposed to eucalypt ash from high severity burned areas, where carbohydrate content decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F Mesquita
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Department of Environment and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João C Marques
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Peršić V, Antunović Dunić J, Domjan L, Zellnig G, Cesar V. Time Course of Age-Linked Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency of Spirodela polyrhiza Exposed to Cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872793. [PMID: 35693160 PMCID: PMC9175006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term assessment of adverse effects is essential for populations exposed to higher risk of environmental pollution. This study presents the time course of physiological and morphological changes attributed to cadmium, emphasizing age-linked differences in the susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza fronds exposed to different cadmium concentrations. A four-frond colony represented by mother, daughter, and granddaughter plants was exposed to cadmium concentrations for 6, 24, and 72 h to establish its effect on different generations of the great duckweed. The duration of cadmium exposure accounted for the most variation in chlorophyll content as the most influential variable, and after 72 h, frond responsiveness was a function of cadmium concentration. Carotenoid contents behaved slightly differently in fronds of different ages, with the oldest mother frond exhibiting accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that cadmium affects different photosynthetic electron transport segments relative to the frond's chloroplast structure level. Photosynthesis of mother fronds exposed to low cadmium and daughter fronds exposed to high cadmium was determined by the functionality of primary electron acceptance at the PSII level. Mother plants exposed to higher cadmium concentrations were characterized by closed and inactive reaction centers, dissipated energy outflux, and inhibited photosynthesis. Young fronds exposed to low and high cadmium concentrations were characterized by increased non-reducing reaction centers and thermal phase reduction, with activated dissipative mechanisms at high cadmium concentrations. Cadmium-induced changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were visible after 6 h of exposure to lowest concentrations, with gradual degradation of the thylakoid system as the fronds aged. Younger fronds responded to cadmium more dynamically through molecular, physiological, and anatomical changes and tolerated a more reduced electron transport chain under given conditions than older fronds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Domjan
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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8
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Chaplygin V, Chernikova N, Fedorenko G, Fedorenko A, Minkina T, Nevidomskaya D, Mandzhieva S, Ghazaryan K, Movsesyan H, Beschetnikov V. Influence of soil pollution on the morphology of roots and leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:83-98. [PMID: 34050848 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of inorganic pollutants in the zone of industrial wastewater settling tanks (South of Russia) was studied. The levels of Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd were determined for Verbascum thapsus L., which are part of the mesophilic succession of wild plants in the studied technogenically polluted territory. The bioavailability of heavy metals (HM) for plants from transformed soils has been established. Anatomical and morphological features in the tissues of the plants affected by HM were analyzed using light-optical and electron microscopic methods. Contamination of the soil cover with Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd has been established with maximum content of Zn. It was revealed that the HM content in the V. thapsus plants exceeded the maximum permissible levels (Russian state standard): Zn by 23, Pb by 2, Cr by 31 and Cd by 3 times. The lower level of HM content in the inflorescences of mullein plants in comparison with the root system, stems and leaves indicates the resistance of generative organs to technogenic pollution. In the root and leaves of the V. thapsus, the anatomical and ultrastructural observation were carried out using light-optical and transmission electron microscopy. Changes in the ultrastructure of plants under the influence of anthropogenic impact have been revealed. The most significant changes of the ultrastructure of the polluted plants were found in the cell organelles of leaves (mitochondria, plastids, peroxisomes, etc.) including spatial transformation of the thylakoid system of plastids during the metal accumulation by plants, which may determine the mechanism of plant adaptation to technogenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chaplygin
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Chernikova
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
| | - Grigorii Fedorenko
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Dina Nevidomskaya
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vladimir Beschetnikov
- Southern Federal University, Bolshaya Sadovaya, 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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Chen Y, Li G, Yang J, Zhao X, Sun Z, Hou H. Role of Nramp transporter genes of Spirodela polyrhiza in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112907. [PMID: 34673410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a pollutant, Cd causes severe impact to the environment and damages living organisms. It can be uptaken from the environment by the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) in plants. However, the ion absorption function of Nramp transporter genes in Spirodela polyrhiza has not been reported. In this study, SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 from S. polyrhiza were cloned and their functions were analyzed in S. polyrhiza and yeast. Growth parameters and physicochemical indices of wild-type and transgenic lines were measured under Cd stress. Results revealed that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 were identified as plasma membrane-localized transporters, and their roles in transporting Cd were verified in yeast. In S. polyrhiza, SpNramp1 overexpression significantly increased the content of Cd, Fe, Mn, and fresh weight. SpNramp2 overexpression increased Mn and Cd. SpNramp3 overexpression increased Fe and Mn concentrations. These results indicate that SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 had a different preference for ion absorption. Two S. polyrhiza transgenic lines (OE1 and OE3) were obtained. One of them (OE1) showed a stronger accumulation ability, and the other one (OE3) exhibited tolerance capacity to Cd. This study provides new insight into the functions of SpNramp1, SpNramp2, and SpNramp3 and obtains important enrichment lines (OE1) for manipulating Cd accumulation, phytoremediation, and ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, Henan, China
| | - Zuoliang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Holubová Ľ, Švubová R, Slováková Ľ, Bokor B, Chobotová Kročková V, Renčko J, Uhrin F, Medvecká V, Zahoranová A, Gálová E. Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Maize Grains-Induction of Growth, Enzyme Activities and Heat Shock Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8509. [PMID: 34445215 PMCID: PMC8395187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zea mays L. is one of the most produced crops, and there are still parts of the world where maize is the basic staple food. To improve agriculture, mankind always looks for new, better methods of growing crops, especially in the current changing climatic conditions. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has already showed its potential to enhance the culturing of crops, but it still needs more research for safe implementation into agriculture. In this work, it was shown that short CAPP treatment of maize grains had a positive effect on the vitality of grains and young seedlings, which may be connected to stimulation of antioxidant and lytic enzyme activities by short CAPP treatment. However, the prolonged treatment had a negative impact on the germination, growth, and production indexes. CAPP treatment caused the increased expression of genes for heat shock proteins HSP101 and HSP70 in the first two days after sowing. Using comet assay it was observed that shorter treatment times (30-120 s) did not cause DNA damage. Surface diagnostics of plasma-treated grains showed that plasma increases the hydrophilicity of the surface but does not damage the chemical bonds on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľudmila Holubová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valéria Chobotová Kročková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Ján Renčko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Filip Uhrin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zahoranová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Eliška Gálová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
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Martinez S, Sáenz ME, Alberdi JL, Di Marzio WD. Comparative ecotoxicity of single and binary mixtures exposures of cadmium and nickel on growth and biomarkers of Lemna gibba. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:91-103. [PMID: 33237400 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity effects of cadmium-nickel (Cd-Ni) after single and mixtures exposures over the macrophyte Lemna gibba. Effects were assessed on growth, as frond number and fresh weight and biochemical parameters, such as total protein content and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Plants were exposed to single Cd and Ni in concentrations that ranged between 0.13-33 mg/L and 0.18 and 11.82 mg/L, respectively. For binary mixtures, individual metal IC50 values were used for selection of the evaluated concentrations. The experimental design consisted in three different ratios based on the concept of toxic units (TU), each ratio was evaluated by five different concentrations. Both single and mixture treatments were performed for 7 days following the conditions according to OECD (2006). Single and mixture exposures affected plant growth and the biomarkers of the antioxidant response. Growth parameters showed a differential sensitivity after individual metal exposures. Cd was more toxic for L. gibba plants when fresh weight was considered, but on the contrary, considering frond number, Ni was the most toxic metal. IC50-7d, based on growth rate calculated on frond number were 17.8 and 2.47 mg/L, and on fresh weight were 1.08 and 3.89 mg/L, for Cd and Ni respectively. LOEC values for Cd were obtained at 2.06 and 1.03 mg/L, for frond number and fresh weight, respectively; while for Ni, these values were 0.92 and 11.82 mg/L. The three evaluated ratios for binary mixtures resulted in a high toxicity considering the same response variables in single metal exposures. Ratio 1 (2/3 TU Cd-1/3 TU Ni) was the most toxic considering both frond number and fresh weight, showing percentage inhibition of growth rates of 96 and 90%, respectively for the highest concentration. A modification of the protein content was observed in single, but especially in the mixture treatments. The activity of catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX; EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX; EC 1.11.1.7) was also affected in single and mixtures assays. APOX and GPOX showed a higher increase of its activities respect the controls after mixture treatments than for single metal treatments. Such optimization of the antioxidant system could be one of the causes of the antagonistic toxicity observed in mixture exposures. Concentration addition (CA) reference model, based on frond number, in Cd-Ni mixtures was not a good predictor to evaluate toxicity from dissolved metal concentration since the results showed that toxicity was less than additive, with an average of ΣTU = 2.17. The observed antagonisms resulted to be stronger in mixtures with higher metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - M E Sáenz
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - J L Alberdi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - W D Di Marzio
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.
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12
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Fusion of Mitochondria to 3-D Networks, Autophagy and Increased Organelle Contacts are Important Subcellular Hallmarks during Cold Stress in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228753. [PMID: 33228190 PMCID: PMC7699614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature stress has a severe impact on the distribution, physiology, and survival of plants in their natural habitats. While numerous studies have focused on the physiological and molecular adjustments to low temperatures, this study provides evidence that cold induced physiological responses coincide with distinct ultrastructural alterations. Three plants from different evolutionary levels and habitats were investigated: The freshwater alga Micrasterias denticulata, the aquatic plant Lemna sp., and the nival plant Ranunculus glacialis. Ultrastructural alterations during low temperature stress were determined by the employment of 2-D transmission electron microscopy and 3-D reconstructions from focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopic series. With decreasing temperatures, increasing numbers of organelle contacts and particularly the fusion of mitochondria to 3-dimensional networks were observed. We assume that the increase or at least maintenance of respiration during low temperature stress is likely to be based on these mitochondrial interconnections. Moreover, it is shown that autophagy and degeneration processes accompany freezing stress in Lemna and R. glacialis. This might be an essential mechanism to recycle damaged cytoplasmic constituents to maintain the cellular metabolism during freezing stress.
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Maresca V, Lettieri G, Sorbo S, Piscopo M, Basile A. Biological Responses to Cadmium Stress in Liverwort Conocephalum conicum (Marchantiales). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186485. [PMID: 32899890 PMCID: PMC7555243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage (production and localization of reactive oxygen species) and related response mechanisms (activity of antioxidant enzymes), and induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 expression, have been studied in the toxi-tolerant liverwort Conocephalum conicum (Marchantiales) in response to cadmium stress using two concentrations (36 and 360 µM CdCl2). Cadmium dose-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed. The expression level of heat shock protein (Hsp)70, instead, was higher at 36 µM CdCl2 in comparison with the value obtained after exposure to 360 µM CdCl2, suggesting a possible inhibition of the expression of this stress gene at higher cadmium exposure doses. Biological responses were related to cadmium bioaccumulation. Since C. conicum was able to respond to cadmium stress by modifying biological parameters, we discuss the data considering the possibility of using these biological changes as biomarkers of cadmium pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Centro di Servizi Metrologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Microscopy Section, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-679-081 (M.P.); +39-081-253-8508 (A.B.)
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-081-679-081 (M.P.); +39-081-253-8508 (A.B.)
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Yang F, Liao J, Yu W, Pei R, Qiao N, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Guo J, Pan J, Tang Z. Copper induces oxidative stress with triggered NF-κB pathway leading to inflammatory responses in immune organs of chicken. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110715. [PMID: 32450432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a necessary trace mineral due to its biological activity. Excessive Cu can induce inflammatory response in humans and animals, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, 240 broilers were used to study the effects of excessive Cu on oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in immune organs. Chickens were fed with diet containing different concentrations of Cu (11, 110, 220, and 330 mg of Cu/kg dry matter). The experiment lasted for 49 days. Spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) on day 49 were collected for histopathological observation and assessment of oxidative stress status. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines were also analyzed. The results indicated that excess Cu could increase the number and area of splenic corpuscle as well as the ratio of cortex and medulla in thymus and BF. Furthermore, excessive Cu intake could decrease activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); but increase contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β; up-regulate mRNA levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-2, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB and protein levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-κB, p-NF-κB in immune organs. In conclusion, excessive Cu could cause pathologic changes and induce oxidative stress with triggered NF-κB pathway, and might further regulate the inflammatory response in immune organs of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruonan Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Abstract
Natural macromolecule adsorbing materials are alternatives for remediation of heavy metals’ polluted waters. In this study, sodium alginate composite gel (SACL) was synthesized from sodium alginate (SA), polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO), and nanomaterials to remove wastewater Cu (II) and Cd (II). The adsorption efficiency of SACL was analysed in relation to the contact time, initial concentrations of metal ions, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and solution pH. Three models, i.e., kinetic model, isothermal adsorption model, and thermodynamic model, were used to fit the experimental data. Our results showed that the highest removal rates of Cu (II) and Cd (II) from wastewater were 96.8% and 78%, respectively, under the condition of the best liquid-solid ratio of 12.5 ml·g−1, and the contact time of 180 min (25°C). Overall, the SACL adsorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) was spontaneous. The adsorption kinetics and the isothermal adsorption were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir equation, respectively. Combined with SEM-EDS and FTIR analysis, results suggested that SACL adsorbs wastewater Cu (II) and Cd (II) mainly through chemical reaction on its surface area. Altogether, this work concludes on SACL as an efficient and ecofriendly adsorbent for wastewater Cu (II) and Cd (II).
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Martinez S, Sáenz ME, Alberdi JL, Di Marzio WD. Comparative ecotoxicity of single and binary mixtures exposures of cadmium and zinc on growth and biomarkers of Lemna gibba. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:571-583. [PMID: 32342293 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, single and mixture effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on Lemna gibba were analyzed and compared using growth parameters, based on frond number and fresh weight, and biochemical parameters, such as pigment, protein content and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Plants were exposed for 7 days to these metals in nutrient solution. Single and mixture exposures affected plant growth and the biomarkers of the antioxidant response. Considering the growth parameters, Cd was found to be much more toxic than Zn. IC50-7d, based on growth rate calculated on frond number, were 17.8 and 76.73 mg/L, and on fresh weight were 1.08 and 76.93 mg/L, for Cd and Zn respectively. For Cd, LOEC values were obtained at 2.06 and 1.03 mg/L, for frond number and fresh weight respectively; while for Zn, at 20.1 and 74.6 mg/L. A high toxicity effect, considering the same response variables, was observed in plants exposed to the mixtures. Three fixed ratios, based on toxic units (TU) were assayed, ratio 1: 2/3 Cd-1/3 Zn, ratio 2: 1/2 Cd-1/2 Zn and ratio 3: 1/3 Cd-2/3 Zn. Ratio 3 (where Zn was added in higher proportion) was the less toxic. All concentrations of Ratio 1 and 2 significantly inhibited plant growth, showing a 100% inhibition of growth rate at the highest concentrations when based on frond number. Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX; EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX; EC 1.11.1.7) activities in single metals assays were higher than controls. In mixture tests, the activity of APOX and GPOX was significantly stimulated in plants exposed to all evaluated combinations, while CAT was mainly stimulated in Ratio 3. It was observed that the activity of the enzymes was increased in the mixtures compared with similar concentrations evaluated individually. APOX activity was observed to fit the CA model and following a concentration-response pattern. The response of this antioxidant enzyme could serve as a sensitive stressor biomarker for Cd-Zn interactions. Frond number in Cd-Zn mixtures was not well predicted from dissolved metal concentration in solution using concentration addition (CA) as reference model, as results showed that toxicity was more than additive, with an average of ΣTU = 0.75. This synergistic effect was observed up to 50 mg Zn/L in the mixture, but when it was present in higher concentrations a less than additive effect was observed, indicating a protective effect of Zn. A synergistic and dose-ratio deviations from CA model were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - M E Sáenz
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - J L Alberdi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - W D Di Marzio
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.
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Alamer KH, Fayez KA. Impact of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological activities of parsley plants under lead toxicity. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1361-1373. [PMID: 32647454 PMCID: PMC7326881 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Impact of spraying 50 µM salicylic acid (SA), lead nitrate soil treatments [1 and 2 mM Pb (NO3)2] and their combinations on parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) for 3 weeks was studied to evaluate leaf symptoms, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, ultrastructure, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble proteins, phenolic compounds, and guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPOX). Under Pb effect, parsley leaves showed chlorosis and decline in the content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoid (Car) with increasing Pb treatments compared to the control. SA spraying helped to reduce chlorosis and increase photosynthetic pigments of Pb-treated plants compared to that of Pb treatment alone. Leaf anthocyanin content of SA-sprayed plants significantly increased compared to the control. On contrast, the anthocyanin content of Pb-treated plants with or without SA treatment decreased compared to the control. Parsley leaf chloroplasts were characterized by many and large starch grains. Deformations of chloroplast shape, increasing formation of plastoglobules and degeneration of chloroplast grana thylakoids were observed in Pb-treated plants. MDA and total phenolic compound contents increased in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. In contrast, soluble protein content decreased in Pb-treated plants. The decrease in leaf photosynthetic pigments and increase MDA contents was Pb-concentration dependent. The results as indicated by increasing lipid peroxidation confirmed Pb treatments generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) which caused oxidative stress. In contrast, SA application declined the extent of detrimental and harmful influence of Pb toxicity as indicated by the decrease MDA content, and increase in photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents of parsley leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hasan Alamer
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Science and Arts College–Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf Ali Fayez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag, Sohag, Egypt
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18
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Modlitbová P, Pořízka P, Střítežská S, Zezulka Š, Kummerová M, Novotný K, Kaiser J. Detail investigation of toxicity, bioaccumulation, and translocation of Cd-based quantum dots and Cd salt in white mustard. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126174. [PMID: 32151804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a model crop plant white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) was treated with an aqueous dispersion of silica-coated CdTe quantum dots (CdTe/SiO2 QDs) in a 72-h short-term toxicity test. The toxicity was established via measurements of (i) the root length and (ii) the chlorophyll fluorescence. These results were compared to two other sources of cadmium, free Cd ions (CdCl2) and prime un-shell nanoparticles CdTe QDs. Tested compounds were applied in concentrations representing 20 and 200 μM Cd. The uptake and translocation of Cd were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the spatial Cd distribution was investigated in detail applying laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The LIBS maps with a lateral resolution of 100 μm were constructed for the whole plants, and maps with a lateral resolution of 25 μm (micro-LIBS arrangement) were used to analyse only the most interesting parts of plants with Cd presence (e.g. root tips or a part crossing the root into the above-ground part). Our results show that the bioaccumulation patterns and spatial distribution of Cd in CdTe/SiO2 QDs-treated plants differ from the plants of positive control and CdTe QDs. Fluorescence microscopy photographs revealed that CdTe/SiO2 became adsorbed onto the plant surface in comparison to CdTe QDs. Further, a physico-chemical characterization of QDs before and after the test exposure showed only minor changes in the nanoparticle diameters and no tendencies of QDs for agglomeration or aggregation during the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Modlitbová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Pořízka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sára Střítežská
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Novotný
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Buchner O, Steiner P, Andosch A, Holzinger A, Stegner M, Neuner G, Lütz-Meindl U. A new technical approach for preparing frozen biological samples for electron microscopy. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:48. [PMID: 32280364 PMCID: PMC7137184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many methodological approaches have focused so far on physiological and molecular responses of plant tissues to freezing but only little knowledge is available on the consequences of extracellular ice-formation on cellular ultrastructure that underlies physiological reactions. In this context, the preservation of a defined frozen state during the entire fixation procedure is an essential prerequisite. However, current techniques are not able to fix frozen plant tissues for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) without interrupting the cold chain. Chemical fixation by glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide is not possible at sub-zero temperatures. Cryo-fixation methods, such as high pressure freeze fixation (HPF) representing the state-of-the-art technique for best structural preservation, are not equipped for freezing frozen samples. In order to overcome this obstacle, a novel technical approach for maintaining the cold chain of already frozen plant samples prior and during HPF is presented. RESULTS Different algae (Micrasterias denticulata, Klebsormidium crenulatum) and higher plant tissues (Lemna sp., Ranunculus glacialis, Pinus mugo) were successfully frozen and prepared for HPF at freezing temperatures (- 2 °C, - 5 °C, - 6 °C) within a newly developed automatic freezing unit (AFU), that we manufactured from a standard laboratory freezer. Preceding tests on photosynthetic electron transport and ability to plasmolyse show that the temperatures applied did not impair electron transport in PSII nor cell vitality. The transfer of the frozen specimen from the AFU into the HPF-device and subsequently cryo-fixation were performed without intermediate thawing. After cryo-substitution and further processing, the resulting TEM-micrographs showed excellent ultrastructure preservation of the different organisms when compared to specimens fixed at ambient temperature. CONCLUSIONS The method presented allows preserving the ultrastructure of plant cells in the frozen state during cryo-fixation. The resulting high quality TEM-images represent an important step towards a better understanding of the consequences of extracellular ice formation on cellular ultrastructure. It has the potential to provide new insights into changes of organelle structure, identification of intracellular injuries during ice formation and may help to understand freezing and thawing processes in plant tissues. It may be combined with analytical TEM such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray analyses (EDX) and various other electron microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar Buchner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Stegner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gilbert Neuner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Jiao T, Chu XH, Gao ZQ, Yang TT, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang DZ, Wang JL, Tang BP, Wu K, Liu QN, Dai LS. New insight into the molecular basis of Fe (III) stress responses of Procambarus clarkii by transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109388. [PMID: 31299477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron in excess can have toxic effects on living organisms. In China, the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a source of aquatic food with high-quality protein and has significant commercial value. P. clarkii shows oxidative stress on exposure to heavy metals, and antioxidant enzymes, such as ubiquitination enzymes and proteasomes, play important roles in oxidative stress. To understand the antioxidant defense system of P. clarkii, we analyzed the hepatopancreas transcriptomes of P. clarkii after stimulation with FeCl3. In total, 5199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (2747 upregulated and 2452 downregulated). GO analysis revealed that these DEGs belonged to 16 cellular component, 16 molecular function, and 19 biological process subcategories. A total of 1069 DEGs were classified into 25 categories by using COG. Some antioxidant defense pathways, such as "Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis" and "Glutathione metabolism," were identified using KEGG. In addition, quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) substantiated the up-regulation of a random selection of DEGs including antioxidant and immune defense genes. We obtained information for P. clarkii transcriptome databases and new insights into the responses of P. clarkii hepatopancreas to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Qiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sha S, Cheng M, Hu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, Xu Q. Toxic effects of Pb on Spirodela polyrhiza (L.): Subcellular distribution, chemical forms, morphological and physiological disorders. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:146-154. [PMID: 31177079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of lead (Pb) on Spirodela polyrhiza was studied to determine the subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and resulting morphophysiological modifications after treatments with 20 or 80 μM Pb(NO3)2 for 10 days. At the subcellular level, the Pb uptake by S. polyrhiza was mainly compartmentalized in the cell walls (70%), and the majority of Pb (approximately 70%) was extracted using 1 M NaCl and 2% acetic acid (HAc). Visual symptoms of phytotoxcity, surface roughness and closure of stomata, were observed in Pb-treated fronds. Electron-dense precipitates were present in cell walls, and changes to the ultrastructure were most noticeably exhibited in organelle shape, internal organization, and size of the plastoglobules of chloroplasts. Toxic concentrations of Pb induced oxidative stress in fronds, characterized by an accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased chlorophyll and unsaturated fatty acid contents. Pb exposure increased ABS/RC, TRo/RC, DIo/RC, Vj, and φDo (Fv/Fm), indicating that reaction centers were transformed to dissipation sinks, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of photosystem II, which was evident from the decreased values of Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, ψEo, φEo, RC/ABS, and PIabs. These results indicated that decreased photosynthesis in Pb-treated fronds was partially ascribed to the lower pigment content, inhibition of electron transport, inactivation of the reaction centers, damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure, and stomatal closure. The physiological implications of subcellular distribution and chemical forms are discussed in relation to Pb accumulation and detoxification. However, Pb accumulation significantly impaired photosynthesis and membrane integrity in the fronds of S. polyrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Menghua Cheng
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaijie Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qinsong Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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22
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Martinez RS, Sáenz ME, Alberdi JL, Di Marzio WD. Comparative ecotoxicity of single and binary mixtures exposures of nickel and zinc on growth and biomarkers of Lemna gibba. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:686-697. [PMID: 31222581 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the ecotoxicity of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) assayed as single and as binary mixture. In addition, how were affected the population growth rates and oxidative stress biomarkers, comparing single to binary exposures. The toxicity tests were performed on Lemna gibba using a 7-day test. All calculations were made using measured total dissolved metal concentrations. IC50-7d, based on growth rate calculated on frond number and fresh weight, were 2.47/3.89 mg/L, and 76.73/76.93 mg/L, for Ni and Zn, respectively. Single metals affected plant growth following a non-linear concentration-response relationship. LOEC values for each metal were obtained at 0.92 and 20.1 mg/L for Ni and Zn, respectively. Biomarkers of the antioxidant response like Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX; EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX; EC 1.11.1.7) activities in single metals assays were higher than controls, but when similar concentrations were added as mixtures, that increase was reduced and inhibition with respect to the control was observed for GPOX. APOX showed the highest activity. The concentration addition (CA) approach was evaluated and resulted in a correct predictor of Ni-Zn mixture toxicity on Lemna gibba. This was made comparing the EC50 and LOEC, measured taking the growth rate as endpoint, with those expected values according to the CA model. However, the measured biomarkers indicating a positive response to free radicals did not fit to concentration addition model when assayed in the binary mixture. Also, the main activity response of these was observed within a range of concentrations below the LOEC values for the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Martinez
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - M E Sáenz
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - J L Alberdi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - W D Di Marzio
- CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.
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23
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Dual Role of Metallic Trace Elements in Stress Biology-From Negative to Beneficial Impact on Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133117. [PMID: 31247908 PMCID: PMC6651804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are an interesting group of trace elements (TEs). Some of them are minutely required for normal plant growth and development, while others have unknown biological actions. They may cause injury when they are applied in an elevated concentration, regardless of the importance for the plant functioning. On the other hand, their application may help to alleviate various abiotic stresses. In this review, both the deleterious and beneficial effects of metallic trace elements from their uptake by roots and leaves, through toxicity, up to the regulation of physiological and molecular mechanisms that are associated with plant protection against stress conditions have been briefly discussed. We have highlighted the involvement of metallic ions in mitigating oxidative stress by the activation of various antioxidant enzymes and emphasized the phenomenon of low-dose stimulation that is caused by non-essential, potentially poisonous elements called hormesis, which is recently one of the most studied issues. Finally, we have described the evolutionary consequences of long-term exposure to metallic elements, resulting in the development of unique assemblages of vegetation, classified as metallophytes, which constitute excellent model systems for research on metal accumulation and tolerance. Taken together, the paper can provide a novel insight into the toxicity concept, since both dose- and genotype-dependent response to the presence of metallic trace elements has been comprehensively explained.
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24
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Maresca V, Fusaro L, Sorbo S, Siciliano A, Loppi S, Paoli L, Monaci F, Karam EA, Piscopo M, Guida M, Galdiero E, Insolvibile M, Basile A. Functional and structural biomarkers to monitor heavy metal pollution of one of the most contaminated freshwater sites in Southern Europe. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:665-673. [PMID: 30098556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the biological effects of highly polluted freshwater environment (Regi Lagni channels, S Italy) on the aquatic moss Leptodictyum riparium, exposed in bags at three sites representative of different environmental conditions and characterized by different heavy metal burdens. Bioaccumulation, ultrastructural alterations, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA damage were assessed. To better evaluate the biological response of the moss species to heavy metals, the same biological parameters were assessed also in L. riparium samples cultured in vitro using metal mixtures at the same concentrations as measured at the 3 field exposure sites. Heavy metals were accumulated into the moss tissues causing severe ultra-structural damages at higher concentration case studies, and the ROS production as well as the activity of the enzyme followed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the DNA damage trend suggested a threshold effect that changed between field and in vitro experiment. The enrichment factor suggests that the concentration in the most polluted site is close to the upper limit of L. riparium to accumulate metals. Overall, combining measures of the morpho-functional traits at different level contribute to improving the knowledge about the tolerance of L. riparium to heavy metal stress, suggesting that this moss could be suitable for biomonitoring activity in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Maresca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Section of Microscopy, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elham Asadi Karam
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilena Insolvibile
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 Roma, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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25
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De Lillo A, Cardi M, Landi S, Esposito S. Mechanism(s) of action of heavy metals to investigate the regulation of plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13481. [PMID: 30194387 PMCID: PMC6128849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of recombinant plastidic glucose-6P dehydrogenase from Populus trichocarpa (PtP2-G6PDH - EC 1.1.1.49) was investigated by exposing wild type and mutagenized isoforms to heavy metals. Nickel and Cadmium caused a marked decrease in PtP2-G6PDH WT activity, suggesting their poisoning effect on plant enzymes; Lead (Pb++) was substantially ineffective. Copper (Cu++) and Zinc (Zn++) exposition resulted in strongest decrease in enzyme activity, thus suggesting a physiological competition with Magnesium, a well-known activator of G6PDH activity. Kinetic analyses confirmed a competitive inhibition by Copper, and a mixed inhibition by (Cd++). Mutagenized enzymes were differently affected by HMs: the reduction of disulfide (C175–C183) exposed the NADP+ binding sites to metals; C145 participates to NADP+ cofactor binding; C194 and C242 are proposed to play a role in the regulation of NADP+/NADPH binding. Copper (and possibly Zinc) is able to occupy competitively Magnesium (Mg++) sites and/or bind to NADP+, resulting in a reduced access of NADP+ sites on the enzyme. Hence, heavy metals could be used to describe specific roles of cysteine residues present in the primary protein sequence; these results are discussed to define the biochemical mechanism(s) of inhibition of plant plastidic G6PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Cardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Steiner P, Luckner M, Kerschbaum H, Wanner G, Lütz-Meindl U. Ionic stress induces fusion of mitochondria to 3-D networks: An electron tomography study. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:52-63. [PMID: 29981486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles for energy supply of cells and play an important role in maintenance of ionic balance. Consequently mitochondria are highly sensitive to any kind of stress to which they mainly response by disturbance of respiration, ROS production and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Many of the physiological and molecular stress reactions of mitochondria are well known, yet there is a lack of information on corresponding stress induced structural changes. 3-D visualization of high-pressure frozen cells by FIB-SEM tomography and TEM tomography as used for the present investigation provide an excellent tool for studying structure related mitochondrial stress reactions. In the present study it is shown that mitochondria in the unicellular fresh-water algal model system Micrasterias as well as in the closely related aquatic higher plant Lemna fuse to local networks as a consequence of exposure to ionic stress induced by addition of KCl, NaCl and CoCl2. In dependence on concentration and duration of the treatment, fusion of mitochondria occurs either by formation of protuberances arising from the outer mitochondrial membrane, or by direct contact of the surface of elongated mitochondria. As our results show that respiration is maintained in both model systems during ionic stress and mitochondrial fusion, as well as formation of protuberances are reversible, we assume that mitochondrial fusion is a ubiquitous process that may help the cells to cope with stress. This may occur by interconnecting the respiratory chains of the individual mitochondria and by enhancing the buffer capacity against stress induced ionic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hubert Kerschbaum
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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27
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Khan MM, Islam E, Irem S, Akhtar K, Ashraf MY, Iqbal J, Liu D. Pb-induced phytotoxicity in para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Castorbean (Ricinus communis L.): Antioxidant and ultrastructural studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:257-265. [PMID: 29494906 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of Pb on Para Grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Castorbean (Ricinus communis L). Generally, Para Grass exhibited higher tolerance to excessive concentrations of Pb in nutrient solution, whereas a consistent decline was observed in growth of Castorbean plants exposed to similar Pb levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents exhibited contrasting results with a general decrease in Para Grass and a linear increase in case of Castorbean. In both species a decrease was noticed in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) while catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased. Ultrastructural studies revealed increased starch grains and adversely affected thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts of leaf cells of plants treated with 500 μM Pb. Photosynthetic parameters such as CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) decreased in both plant species under different levels of Pb. Maximum concentrations of Pb in shoots of Para Grass and Castorbean were 1.29 and 0.352 g kg-1, respectively while in roots maximum values were 8.88 and 49.86 g kg-1, respectively. The high concentrations of Pb (about 5%) in the roots of Castorbean plants suggest its possible role in the phytoremediation/rhizofiltration of Pb contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moman Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Brandenburgische Technische Universtät Cottbus - Senftenberg, Universtätsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ejazul Islam
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Samra Irem
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Javed Iqbal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Dan Liu
- Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination & Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, PR China
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28
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Cloning and characterization of a heat shock protein 70 gene from the yellowstripe goby, Mugilogobius chulae : Evidence for its significance in biomonitoring of environmental pollution. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Esposito S, Loppi S, Monaci F, Paoli L, Vannini A, Sorbo S, Maresca V, Fusaro L, Asadi Karam E, Lentini M, De Lillo A, Conte B, Cianciullo P, Basile A. In-field and in-vitro study of the moss Leptodictyum riparium as bioindicator of toxic metal pollution in the aquatic environment: Ultrastructural damage, oxidative stress and HSP70 induction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195717. [PMID: 29649272 PMCID: PMC5896978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of toxic metal pollution in the highly contaminated Sarno River (South Italy), by using the aquatic moss Leptodictyum riparium in bags at 3 representative sites of the river. Biological effects were assessed by metal bioaccumulation, ultrastructural changes, oxidative stress, as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, as well as Heat Shock Proteins 70 (HSP70s) induction. The results showed that L. riparium is a valuable bioindicator for toxic metal pollution of water ecosystem, accumulating different amounts of toxic metals from the aquatic environment. Toxic metal pollution caused severe ultrastructural damage, as well as increased ROS production and induction of GST and HSP70s, in the samples exposed at the polluted sites. To assess the role and the effect of toxic metals on L. riparium, were also cultured in vitro with Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn at the same concentrations as measured at the 3 sites. Ultrastructure, ROS, GST, and HSP70s resulted severely affected by toxic metals. Based on our findings, we confirm L. riparium as a model organism in freshwater biomonitoring surveys, and GST and HSP70s as promising biomarkers of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Section of Microscopy, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Elham Asadi Karam
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marco Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessia De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Conte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
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30
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Baldantoni D, Bellino A, Lofrano G, Libralato G, Pucci L, Carotenuto M. Biomonitoring of nutrient and toxic element concentrations in the Sarno River through aquatic plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:520-527. [PMID: 29125955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Sarno River is considered the most polluted river in Europe and one of the ten most polluted rivers in the world. So far, its quality has been usually evaluated by water and sediment analyses of either inorganic or organic pollutants. However, a biomonitoring approach would be of paramount importance in the evaluation of river quality, since it integrates pollutant temporal fluctuations, as in the case of discontinuous inputs from urban, industrial and agricultural activities. To this end, a passive biomonitoring study of the Sarno River was carried out, using two native aquatic plants accumulators of inorganic pollutants. The spring area was monitored analysing the roots of the semi-submerged Apium nodiflorum, whereas the whole river course was monitored analysing the shoots of the submerged Potamogeton pectinatus. The information on the four macronutrient (Ca, K, Mg, P), the six micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Zn) and the four toxic element (Cd, Cr, Pb, V) concentrations were separately combined in the Nemerow Pollution Index. Results evidenced a severe pollution degree of the Sarno River, attributable to toxic elements > micronutrients > macronutrients. In particular, the spring area showed high K concentrations, as well as high concentrations of several micronutrients and toxic elements. A generalized Zn contamination and a progressive macronutrient (above all Ca and P), micronutrient (above all Ni, Cu and Fe) and toxic element (above all Cr and Pb) accumulation toward the mouth was related to pollution from agricultural and urban activities. Industrial sources, especially tanneries along the Solofrana tributary, accounted for high Mn concentrations, whereas the volcanic origin of the substrate accounted for a generalized V contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baldantoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luca Pucci
- Legambiente Campania, Piazza Cavour, 168 - 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Lu Q, Zhang T, Zhang W, Su C, Yang Y, Hu D, Xu Q. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Lemna minor by exogenous salicylic acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:500-508. [PMID: 28915397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a significant environmental pollutant in the aquatic environment. Salicylic acid (SA) is a ubiquitous phenolic compound. The goal of this study was to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in duckweed (L. minor) upon exposure to 10μM CdCl2, 10μM CdCl2 plus 50μM SA, or 50μM SA for 7 days. Reversing the effects of Cd, SA decreased Cd accumulation in plants, improved accumulation of minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mo) absorption, increased endogenous SA concentration, and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity. Chlorosis-associated symptoms, the reduction in chlorophyll content, and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species induced by Cd exposure were largely reversed by SA. SA significantly decreased the toxic effects of Cd on the activities of the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the fronds of L. minor. Furthermore, SA reversed the detrimental effects of Cd on total ascorbate, glutathione, the ascorbic acid/oxidized dehydroascorbate and glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratios, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde concentration, lipoxygenase activity, and the accumulation of proline. SA induced the up-regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) and attenuated the adverse effects of Cd on cell viability. These results suggest that SA confers tolerance to Cd stress in L. minor through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunlei Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinsong Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Basile A, Loppi S, Piscopo M, Paoli L, Vannini A, Monaci F, Sorbo S, Lentini M, Esposito S. The biological response chain to pollution: a case study from the "Italian Triangle of Death" assessed with the liverwort Lunularia cruciata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26185-26193. [PMID: 28567683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Lunularia cruciata, known for being a species tolerant to pollution able to colonize urban areas, was collected in the town of Acerra (South Italy) to investigate the biological effects of air pollution in one of the three vertices of the so-called Italian Triangle of Death. The ultrastructural damages observed by transmission electron microscopy in specimens collected in Acerra were compared with samples collected in the city center of Naples and in a small rural site far from sources of air pollution (Riccia, Molise, Southern Italy). The biological response chain to air pollution was investigated considering vitality, photosynthetic efficiency, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) induction and gene expression levels, and chlorophyll degradation and related ultrastructural alterations. Particularly, a significant increment in Hsp70 expression and occurrence, and modifications in the chloroplasts' ultrastructure can be strictly related to the environmental pollution conditions in the three sites. The results could be interpreted in relation to the use of these parameters as biomarkers for environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II"-Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 453100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II"-Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 453100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 453100, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Monaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Via Pier Andrea Mattioli, 453100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, University of Naples "Federico II"-Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II"-Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II"-Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
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Asadi Karam E, Maresca V, Sorbo S, Keramat B, Basile A. Effects of triacontanol on ascorbate-glutathione cycle in Brassica napus L. exposed to cadmium-induced oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:268-274. [PMID: 28633105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability of exogenous triacontanol (TRIA), a plant growth regulator, to reduce Cd toxicity was studied in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. The following biological parameters were examined in canola seedlings to investigate TRIA-induced tolerance to Cd toxicity: seedling growth, chlorophyll damage and antioxidant response. In particular, TRIA application reduced Cd-induced oxidative damage, as shown by reduction of ROS content, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and lipid peroxidation level. TRIA pretreatment increased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (ascorbate, AsA, glutathione and GSH), phytochelatin content (PCs) and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydro ascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), so reducing the oxidative stress. These results clearly indicate the protective ability of TRIA to modulate the redox status through the antioxidant pathway AGC and GSH, so reducing Cd-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Asadi Karam
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Microscopy Section, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Batool Keramat
- Biology Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adriana Basile
- Biology Department, University of Naples "Federico II", via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Hasan MK, Cheng Y, Kanwar MK, Chu XY, Ahammed GJ, Qi ZY. Responses of Plant Proteins to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1492. [PMID: 28928754 PMCID: PMC5591867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal(s) by triggering the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in stress response. Toxic metal ions profoundly affect the cellular protein homeostasis by interfering with the folding process and aggregation of nascent or non-native proteins leading to decreased cell viability. However, plants possess a range of ubiquitous cellular surveillance systems that enable them to efficiently detoxify heavy metals toward enhanced tolerance to metal stress. As proteins constitute the major workhorses of living cells, the chelation of metal ions in cytosol with phytochelatins and metallothioneins followed by compartmentalization of metals in the vacuoles as well as the repair of stress-damaged proteins or removal and degradation of proteins that fail to achieve their native conformations are critical for plant tolerance to heavy metal stress. In this review, we provide a broad overview of recent advances in cellular protein research with regards to heavy metal tolerance in plants. We also discuss how plants maintain functional and healthy proteomes for survival under such capricious surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | | | - Xian-Yao Chu
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological SurveyBeijing, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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Basile A, Sorbo S, Lentini M, Conte B, Esposito S. Water pollution causes ultrastructural and functional damages in Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:80-86. [PMID: 27908578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of freshwater pollution in the heavily contaminated Sarno River (Campania, South Italy), using Pellia neesiana (Pelliaceae Metzgeriales) in order to propose this liverwort as a potential bioindicator, able to record the effects of water pollution, particularly the one related to metal (loid) contamination. Samples of P. neesiana in nylon bags were disposed floating for one week on the waters of Sarno River in three sites characterised by an increasing pollution. As control, some specimens were cultured in vitro in Cd- and Pb-added media, at the same pollutants' levels as measured in the most polluted site. P. neesiana cell ultrastructure was modified and severe alterations were observed in chloroplasts from samples exposed in the most polluted site, and Cd- and Pb-cultured samples. Concurrently, a strong increase in the occurrence of Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) was detected in gametophytes following the pollution gradient. In conclusion, ultrastructural damages can be directly related to HSP 70 occurrence in liverwort tissues, and proportional to the degree of pollution present in the river; thus our study suggests P. neesiana as an affordable bioindicator of freshwaters pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" - Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Ce.S.M.A, Università di Napoli "Federico II" - Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Lentini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" - Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Conte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" - Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Viale del Turismo 8, 74100 Taranto, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II" - Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Zhang T, Lu Q, Su C, Yang Y, Hu D, Xu Q. Mercury induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and activation of antioxidative system and Hsp70 induction in duckweed (Lemna minor). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:46-56. [PMID: 28500894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury uptake and its effects on physiology, biochemistry and genomic stability were investigated in Lemna minor after 2 and 6d of exposure to 0-30μM Hg. The accumulation of Hg increased in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner, and was positively correlated with the leaf damage. Oxidative stress after Hg exposure was evidenced in L. minor by a significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, an increase in malondialdehyde and lipoxygenase activities (total enzyme activity and isoenzymes activity). Fronds of L. minor exposed to Hg showed an induction of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities (total enzyme activity and some isoenzymes activities). Exposure of L. minor to Hg reduced the activity (total enzyme activity and some isoenzymes activities) of glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Exposure to Hg produced a transient increase in the content of glutathione and ascorbic acid. The content of dehydroascorbate and oxidized glutathione in L. minor were high during the entire exposure period. Exposure of L. minor to Hg also caused the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. The amplification of new bands and the absence of normal DNA amplicons in treated plants in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profile indicated that genomic template stability (GTS) was affected by Hg treatment. The accumulation of Hsp70 indicated the occurrence of a heat shock response at all Hg concentrations. These results suggest that L. minor plants were able to cope with Hg toxicity through the activation of various mechanisms involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, up-regulation of proline, and induction of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chunlei Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qinsong Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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37
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Chiudioni F, Trabace T, Di Gennaro S, Palma A, Manes F, Mancini L. Phytoremediation applications in natural condition and in mesocosm: The uptake of cadmium by Lemna minuta Kunth, a non-native species in Italian watercourses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:371-376. [PMID: 27593238 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1225290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution in water and soil is an environmental and public health issue. Cadmium (Cd) is included in the list of priority hazardous substances in the European Water Framework Directive. Phytoremediation system is a cost-effective, plant-based approach that takes advantage of the ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. We studied the presence and the importance of an invasive species, such as Lemna minuta, in the environment and the effects of Cd pollution on this species. Growth, removal, and tolerance were evaluated for different Cd concentrations and different times of plant exposure. Overall, the results show that L. minuta has a good capacity of growth, metal bioconcentration, and tolerance up to 3 days of exposure at 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 of Cd. In particular, L. minuta was able to accumulate Cd up to 3771 mg kg-1 on dry mass basis. We can conclude that L. minuta possesses a great capability of Cd absorption and accumulation, thus supporting a potential use of this species in designing a metal bioremediation system in phytoremediation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Chiudioni
- a Department of Environment and Primary Prevention , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Teresa Trabace
- b Centro di Ricerche di Metaponto ARPAB , Metaponto , Italy
| | | | - Achille Palma
- b Centro di Ricerche di Metaponto ARPAB , Metaponto , Italy
| | - Fausto Manes
- c Department of Environmental Biology , University "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- a Department of Environment and Primary Prevention , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Paoli L, Guttová A, Grassi A, Lackovičová A, Senko D, Sorbo S, Basile A, Loppi S. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural effects of dust pollution in lichens exposed around a cement plant (SW Slovakia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15891-15902. [PMID: 26044142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the ecophysiological and ultrastructural effects of dust pollution from a cement industry in the lichen species Evernia prunastri and Xanthoria parietina, which were exposed for 30, 90 and 180 days around a cement mill, two quarries, and inhabited and agricultural sites in SW Slovakia. The results showed that dust deposition from quarrying activities and cement works at the cement mill (mainly enriched in Ca, Fe and Ti) significantly affected the photosynthetic apparatus of E. prunastri (sensitive to dust and habitat eutrophication), while X. parietina (tolerant to dust and habitat eutrophication) adapted to the new environment. The length of the exposure strongly affected the vitality of the mycobiont (measured as dehydrogenase activity) in transplanted lichens. Dust deposition led to ultrastructural alterations, including lipid droplets increase, swelling of cellular components, thylakoid degeneration and sometimes plasmolysis, which, on the whole, gave the cells an aged appearance. Photosynthetic parameters deserve further attention as potential indicators for monitoring early biological symptoms of the air pollution caused during cement production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Paoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Anna Guttová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alice Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lackovičová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Senko
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Centro di Servizi Metrologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Sezione di Microscopia LaMMEC, University of Naples, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Via Foria 223, 80139, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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