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Ndikuryayo F, Gong XY, Yang WC. Advances in Understanding the Toxicity of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-Inhibiting Herbicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39093601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibiting herbicides (HIHs) represent a recent class (HRAC group 27) of herbicides that offer many advantages, such as broad-spectrum activity, crop selectivity, and low resistance rates. However, emerging studies have highlighted the potential toxicity of HIHs in the environment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the toxicity of HIHs toward nontarget organisms, including plants, microorganisms, animals, and humans. Furthermore, the present work discusses the ecological roles of these organisms in the environment and their significance in agriculture. By shedding light on the toxicity of HIHs, this study seeks to raise awareness among end users, including environmentalists, researchers, and farmers, regarding the potential ecological implications of these herbicides. Hopefully, this knowledge can contribute to informed decision-making and sustainable practices in green agriculture and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ndikuryayo
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Centre Universitaire de Recherche et de Pédagogie Appliquées aux Sciences, Laboratoire de Nutrition-Phytochimie, d'Ecologie et Environnement Appliqués, Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée, Université du Burundi, BP 2700 Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Xue-Yan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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Khoshnamvand M, Hamidian AH, Ashtiani S, Ali J, Pei DS. Combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and lead on Chlorella vulgaris growth, membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and morphological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28620-28631. [PMID: 38561535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the utilization of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2). This surge in usage can be attributed to their exceptional characteristics, including a substantial specific surface area, high energy, and strong reactivity. These properties make them highly suitable for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Nevertheless, there is a growing apprehension regarding their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms, particularly when considering the potential impact of heavy metals like lead (Pb) on the toxicity of PS-NH2. Herein, we examined the toxic effects of sole PS-NH2 (90 nm) at five concentrations (e.g., 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L), as well as the simultaneous exposure of PS-NH2 and Pb2+ (using two environmental concentrations, e.g., 20 μg/L for Pb low (PbL) and 80 μg/L for Pb higher (PbH)) to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. After a 96-h exposure, significant differences in chlorophyll a content and algal growth (biomass) were observed between the control group and other treatments (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The algae exposed to PS-NH2, PS-NH2 + PbL, and PS-NH2 + PbH treatment groups exhibited dose-dependent toxicity responses to chlorophyll a content and biomass. According to the Abbott toxicity model, the combined toxicity of treatment groups of PS-NH2 and PbL,H showed synergistic effects. The largest morphological changes such as C. vulgaris' size reduction and cellular aggregation were evident in the medium treated with elevated concentrations of both PS-NH2 and Pb2+. The toxicity of the treatment groups followed the sequence PS-NH2 < PS-NH2 + PbL < PS-NH2 + PbH. These results contribute novel insights into co-exposure toxicity to PS-NH2 and Pb2+ in algae communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoshnamvand
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ashtiani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jafar Ali
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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3
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yuan M, Zhu X, Li Y, Li Q, Downs CA, Huang D, Chou LM, Zhao H. Environmental Concentrations of Herbicide Prometryn Render Stress-Tolerant Corals Susceptible to Ocean Warming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4545-4557. [PMID: 38386019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Global warming has caused the degradation of coral reefs around the world. While stress-tolerant corals have demonstrated the ability to acclimatize to ocean warming, it remains unclear whether they can sustain their thermal resilience when superimposed with other coastal environmental stressors. We report the combined impacts of a photosystem II (PSII) herbicide, prometryn, and ocean warming on the stress-tolerant coral Galaxea fascicularis through physiological and omics analyses. The results demonstrate that the heat-stress-induced inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency in G. fascicularis is exacerbated in the presence of prometryn. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicate that the prometryn exposure may overwhelm the photosystem repair mechanism in stress-tolerant corals, thereby compromising their capacity for thermal acclimation. Moreover, prometryn might amplify the adverse effects of heat stress on key energy and nutrient metabolism pathways and induce a stronger response to oxidative stress in stress-tolerant corals. The findings indicate that the presence of prometryn at environmentally relevant concentrations would render corals more susceptible to heat stress and exacerbate the breakdown of coral Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis. The present study provides valuable insights into the necessity of prioritizing PSII herbicide pollution reduction in coral reef protection efforts while mitigating the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meile Yuan
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Qipei Li
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Craig A Downs
- Haereticus Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 92, Clifford, Virginia 24533, United States
| | - Danwei Huang
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117377, Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Loke-Ming Chou
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Chen P, Niu M, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Wang R, Wang Y. Physiological effects of maize stressed by HPPD inhibitor herbicides via multi-spectral technology and two-dimensional correlation spectrum technology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116087. [PMID: 38340602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological effects of herbicides on crops is crucial for crop production and environmental management. The effects of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor (HPPDi) herbicides at different concentrations on chlorophyll content in maize leaves, fresh weight of roots, stems and leaves, and fluorescence substances and functional groups in root exudates (REs) were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS). The results showed that 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L HPPDi herbicides inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll in maize leaves. The weight of roots, stems and leaves of maize after application was lighter than that of the control group. HPPDi herbicides affected the early growth of maize seedlings, and the effect was most obvious at high concentration. Synchronous fluorescence spectrum and three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectrum revealed that the fluorescence intensity of protein, fulvic acid and humic acid in maize REs changed prominently. With the increase of HPPDi herbicides concentration, the fluorescence intensity decreased gradually. Through FTIR and 2D-COS, functional groups such as C-H, CO, Cl, NO3-, C-O and O-H were found to participate in the interaction between HPPDi herbicides and maize REs as binding sites. C-O, C-Cl and C-C have the strongest binding ability, while CC and CO of aromatic rings, quinones or ketones first take part in the binding between HPPDi herbicides and maize REs. The results can provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the safety of HPPDi herbicides on maize and a method for discovering the effects of pesticides on environmental media and plant physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Hazardous Factors and Risk Control of Agri-food Quality Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zhao J, Duan G, Zhu D, Li J, Zhu Y. Microbial-influenced pesticide removal co-occurs with antibiotic resistance gene variation in soil-earthworm-maize system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123010. [PMID: 38012967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Within human-influenced landscapes, pesticides cooccur with a variety of antibiotic stressors. However, the relationship between pesticides removal process and antibiotic resistance gene variation are not well understood. This study explored pesticide (topramezone, TPZ) and antibiotic (polymyxin E, PME) co-contamination using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), bacterial-16 S rRNA sequencing and high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) in a soil-earthworm-maize system. After incubating soil for 28 days with TPZ and PME (10 mg kg-1 dry weight), earthworm weight-gain, mortality rates, and maize plant weight-gain only differed slightly, but height-gain significantly decreased. PME significantly increased TPZ-removal in the soil. Accumulation of TPZ in earthworm's tissues may pose potential risks in the food chain. Combined pollution altered the microbial community structure and increased the abundance of functional microorganisms involved in aromatic compound degradation. Furthermore, maize rhizosphere can raise resistance genes, however earthworms can reduce resistance genes. Co-contamination increased absolute abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bulk-soil samples, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in skin samples and number of ARGs in bulk-soil samples, while decreased absolute abundance of transposase gene in bulk-soil samples and number of ARGs in rhizosphere-soil samples. Potential hosts harbouring ARGs may be associated with the antagonistic effect during resistance and detoxification of TPZ and PMB co-occurrence. These findings provide insights into the mechanism underlining pesticide removal regarding occurrence of ARGs in maize agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Laboratory for Chemical Environmental Risk Assessment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Guilan Duan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Laboratory for Chemical Environmental Risk Assessment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yongguan Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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6
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Wang K, Lv Y, He M, Tian L, Nie F, Shao Z, Wang Z. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Approach to Determine Biotoxicity of Amide Herbicides for Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:214-226. [PMID: 36646954 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amide herbicides have been widely applied in agriculture and found to be widespread and affect nontarget organisms in the environment. To better understand the biotoxicity mechanisms and determine the toxicity to the nontarget organisms for the hazard and risk assessment, five QSAR models were developed for the biotoxicity prediction of amide herbicides toward five aquatic and terrestrial organisms (including algae, daphnia, fish, earthworm and avian species), based on toxicity concentration and quantitative molecular descriptors. The results showed that the developed models complied with OECD principles for QSAR validation and presented excellent performances in predictive ability. In combination, the investigated QSAR relationship led to the toxicity mechanisms that eleven electrical descriptors (EHOMO, ELUMO, αxx, αyy, αzz, μ, qN-, Qxx, Qyy, qH+, and q-), four thermodynamic descriptors (Cv, Sθ, Hθ, and ZPVE), and one steric descriptor (Vm) were strongly associated with the biotoxicity of amide herbicides. Electrical descriptors showed the greatest impacts on the toxicity of amide herbicides, followed by thermodynamic and steric descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yangzhou Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Mei He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Lei Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China.
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
| | - Fan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Zhiguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Zhansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, 102200, China
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Zhao L, Yang M, Yu X, Liu L, Gao C, Li H, Fu S, Wang W, Wang J. Presence and distribution of triazine herbicides and their effects on microbial communities in the Laizhou Bay, Northern China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114460. [PMID: 36521363 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of triazine herbicides in the Laizhou Bay, China and found that the total concentrations of triazine herbicides in the seawater and sediments were 111.15-234.85 ng/L and 0.902-4.661 μg/kg, respectively. Triazine herbicides especially ametryn, atrazine, and simazine were negatively correlated with prokaryote diversity in the seawater. While ametryn, desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine had positively significant effects on eukaryotes Dinophyceae, Bacillariophyta, and Cercozoa in the sediments. Moreover, the degree of fragmentation of eukaryotic networks increased dramatically with the increasing numbers of removed nodes, but prokaryotic networks did not change with the decrease of nodes. In addition, the stability analysis and neutral community models revealed that eukaryotes were more sensitive to triazine herbicides than prokaryotes. These results suggest that triazine herbicides might affect the structure and interactions of microbial communities. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to the ecological risk of triazine herbicides in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengyao Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sui Fu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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8
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Ru JC, Zhao XL, Cao ZH, Chen CZ, Li P, Li ZH. Acute Toxicity of a Novel anti-fouling Material Additive DCOIT to Marine Chlorella sp. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1018-1022. [PMID: 36318303 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is the main ingredient in SeaNine-211, a new antifouling agent that replaces organotin compounds to prevent the growth of fouling organisms on board. Biocides from antifoulants can cause problems for marine ecosystems by destroying non-target algal species. This study evaluated the potential adverse effects DCOIT using the Marine Chlorella sp. The concentration of DCOIT were set according to the semi-inhibitory concentrations for acute exposure experiments, and relevant oxidative stress indicators were measured to assess the acute toxic effects. The results showed that the inhibition concentrations (IC50) of DCOIT against Marine Chlorella sp was 2.522 mg/L. The genes related to photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity showed the effect of promoting low concentration and inhibiting high concentration. In addition, based on the ultrastructural observation and the expression analysis of photosynthesis related genes, it was found that DCOIT had a significant effect on plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chuang Ru
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Han Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Zhuang Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, Shandong, China.
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9
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Yao X, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang Q, Li X, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Toxicity of dibutyl phthalate to pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.): Evaluation through different levels of biological organization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157943. [PMID: 35952877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a typical persistent organic pollutant with a high load in the agricultural soils of vegetable crops. Currently, studies on the toxicity of DBP in vegetable crops are limited. Therefore, in this study, pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.), a typical vegetable crop, was used to evaluate the toxic effects of DBP. Pakchoi was exposed to DBP for 24 d at three doses (2, 20, and 200 mg/kg), and the phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular indicators were determined. The results revealed that DBP could reduce the emergence of pakchoi and inhibit plant height, root length, fresh weight, and leaf area. At the biochemical level, DBP exposure could reduce the content of three typical photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids). The effects of DBP exposure on the quality of pakchoi were primarily through reduced soluble sugar and increased proline contents. In addition, O2·- and H2O2 levels increased after DBP stress, and the corresponding antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were activated to resist oxidative damage. The dose- and time-dependent toxicities of DBP to pakchoi were demonstrated using an integrated biological response index. Finally, the molecular-level results on Day 24 showed that the three antioxidant enzyme genes (sod, pod, and cat) were significantly downregulated, and the antioxidant enzyme genes were more sensitive biomarkers than the enzyme activities. However, the expression level of enzyme genes was opposite to that of enzyme activity (SOD and POD); thus, DBP might directly interact with these enzymes. Molecular docking showed that DBP could stably bind near the SOD/POD active center through intermolecular interaction forces. This study provides essential information on the risk of DBP toxicity to vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Changle, Weifang, Shandong 262400, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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10
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Jiao Q, Mu Y, Deng J, Yao X, Zhao X, Liu X, Li X, Jiang X, Zhang F. Direct toxicity of the herbicide florasulam against Chlorella vulgaris: An integrated physiological and metabolomic analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114135. [PMID: 36201917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the agents of choice for use in weed control; however, they can enter the aquatic environment, with potentially serious consequences for non-target organisms. Despite the possible deleterious effects, little information is available regarding the ecotoxicity of the herbicide florasulam toward aquatic organisms. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the toxic effect of florasulam on the freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris and sought to identify the underlying mechanisms. For this, we employed a growth inhibition toxicity test, and then assessed the changes in physiological and metabolomic parameters, including photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant system, intracellular structure and complexity, and metabolite levels. The results showed that treatment with florasulam for 96 h at the concentration of 2 mg/L, 2.84 mg/L, and 6 mg/L in medium significantly inhibited algal growth and photosynthetic pigment content. Moreover, the levels of reactive oxygen species were also increased, resulting in oxidative damage and the upregulation of the activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Transmission electron microscopic and flow cytometric analysis further demonstrated that exposure to florasulam (6 mg/L) for 96 h disrupted the cell structure of C. vulgaris, characterized by the loss of cell membrane integrity and alterations in cell morphology. Changes in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and the antioxidant system were also observed and contributed to the suppressive effect of florasulam on the growth of this microalga. Our findings regarding the potential risks of florasulam in aquatic ecosystems provide a reference for the safe application of this herbicide in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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11
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Liu X, Wang X, Zhang F, Yao X, Qiao Z, Deng J, Jiao Q, Gong L, Jiang X. Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156069. [PMID: 35605851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fludioxonil is widely used in the control of crop diseases because of its broad spectrum and high activity, but its presence is now common in waterways proximate to treated areas. This study examined the toxic effects and mechanisms of fludioxonil on the microalgal taxa Chlorella vulgaris. The results showed that fludioxonil limited the growth of C. vulgaris and the median inhibitory concentration at 96 h was 1.87 mg/L. Concentrations of 0.75 and 3 mg/L fludioxonil reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments in algal cells to different degrees. Fludioxonil induced oxidative damage by altering C. vulgaris antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing reactive oxygen species levels. Fludioxonil at 0.75 mg/L significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The highest level of activity was 1.60 times that of the control group. Both fludioxonil treatment groups significantly increased ROS levels, with the highest increase being 1.90 times that of the control group. Transmission electron microscope showed that treatment with 3 mg/L fludioxonil for 96 h disrupted cell integrity and changed cell morphology, and flow cytometer analysis showed that fludioxonil induced apoptosis. Changes in endogenous substances indicated that fludioxonil negatively affects C. vulgaris via altered energy metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. This study elucidates the effects of fludioxonil on microalgae and the biological mechanisms of its toxicity, providing insights into the importance of the proper management of this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xueting Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Qin Jiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Luo Gong
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, PR China.
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12
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Evaluation of Toxicity of Crude Phlorotannins and Phloroglucinol Using Different Model Organisms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050312. [PMID: 35622559 PMCID: PMC9148043 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins have been proven to contain numerous bioactive compounds that have potential to be applied in variety industries, including cosmetics, functional foods, nutraceuticals, environmental management, and medicine. The larvicidal and growth-inhibiting properties of phlorotannins have been extensively studied in various organisms. However, the toxicity of the phloroglucinol oligomer of phlorotannin is unclear, especially in Artemia salina, Daphnia magna, Lactuca sativa, and Chlorella vulgaris, which are commonly used in many bioassays. Therefore, research using these four organisms should be designed to provide basic information about the toxic effects of phlorotannins and phloroglucinol. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal and inhibitory properties of phlorotannins and phloroglucinol on A. salina, D. magna, L. sativa, and C. vulgaris. Phlorotannin extract and phloroglucinol were administered at various concentrations to each test organism. The survival rate of A. salina nauplii and D. magna neonates was observed every 24 h to 72 h, whereas the L. sativa seed germination and inhibition rate of C. vulgaris were observed up to 96 h. The results showed that the 24 h LC50 of phlorotannin on A. salina and D. magna were 10.67 and 1.32 mg/mL, respectively. The germination inhibition of L. sativa was 53.3% with a seed growth of less than 4 mm after 96 h upon exposure to 1 mg/mL of phlorotannin. Freshwater and seawater C. vulgaris experienced yield inhibition of 39.47 and 43.46%, respectively, when 2 mg/mL of phlorotanin was added. These results indicate that phlorotannin affects the survival and growth of the test organisms, so its use as a pesticide, herbicide, and algaecide agent for environmental and aquaculture applications can be further studied.
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13
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Zhang F, Lv X, Jia H, Huang C, Wei J, Ding Z, Wang F, Wang J. Toxicity of the novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin to Chlorella vulgaris: Assessments at different levels of biological organization. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132752. [PMID: 34736937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxathiapiprolin (Otp) is the first successful oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) inhibitor in oomycete control. It is regarded as a significant milestone in the history of fungicide discoveries and has vast application prospects. There is little available information on the ecotoxicity of Otp to aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of Otp in the Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The results revealed the acute toxicity of Otp to C. vulgaris, with a 96-h median effective concentration for growth inhibition of 0.74 mg/L. When algal cells were exposed to 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L Otp, their chlorophyll and carotenoid contents dropped dramatically. As suggested by the significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the remarkable changes in the activity of a series of antioxidant enzymes, Otp induces production of ROS, resulting in oxidative damage. In addition, Otp can damage cell structures and could destroy membrane integrity. Finally, the changes in endogenous substances indicated that Otp can perturb energy metabolism and photosynthesis in C. vulgaris cells. The experimental results suggest that Otp can have toxic effects on algal cells by disturbing photosynthesis and causing oxidative damage and abnormal energy metabolism in C. vulgaris cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Lv
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Haijiang Jia
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Chongjun Huang
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Jianyu Wei
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Zhonglin Ding
- Guizhou Tobacco Company Qiannan Prefecture Company, Qiannan, 558000, PR China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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14
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Wang Z, Sun X, Ru S, Wang J, Xiong J, Yang L, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhang X. Effects of co-exposure of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn on Phaeodactylum tricornutum photosynthesis and nutritional value. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150609. [PMID: 34619212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triazine herbicides are widely used in agricultural production, and large amounts of herbicide residue enter the ocean through surface runoff. In this study, the toxicities of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn (separately and mixed) to Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. The EC50 values of atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn were 28.38 μg L-1, 8.86 μg L-1, and 1.38 μg L-1, respectively. The EC50 of an equitoxic mixture of the three herbicides was 0.78 TU, indicating that they had synergistic effects. The equitoxic mixture accumulated in P. tricornutum, which damaged chloroplast and mitochondria structures and significantly decrease the biomass, levels of key cellular components (such as chlorophyll a (chl a), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, fatty acid content) and the effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII, ∆Fv/Fm). The mixture also downregulated key genes in the light response (PsbD, PetF), dark response (PGK, PRK), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (CS, ID, OGD, and MS) and fatty acid synthesis (FABB, SCD, and PTD9). P. tricornutum partially alleviates the effects of the mixture on photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis by upregulating PetD, PsaB, RbcL and FabI expression. The triazine herbicide mixture reduced the biomass and nutritional value of marine phytoplankton by inhibiting photosynthesis and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiuqiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liqiang Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liping Hao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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15
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Development of a Strategy for Enhancing the Biomass Growth and Lipid Accumulation of Chlorella sp. UJ-3 Using Magnetic Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112802. [PMID: 34835566 PMCID: PMC8624931 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were used as an effective enhancer to increase the biomass and total lipid production of Chlorella sp. UJ-3. It was found that the biomass of algal cells increased significantly when they were exposed to low concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs (20 mg/L), while the best total lipid content of algal cells was achieved when they were exposed to high concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs (100 mg/L). Therefore, we established a strategy to promote the growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae by initially exposing the algal cells to low concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs and then treating them with an increased concentration of Fe3O4 NPs after 12 days of culture. For this strategy, the biomass and total lipid production of algal cells increased by 50% and 108.7%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The increase in lipid production and change in the fatty acid composition of Chlorella cells were found to help them to cope with the increased number of reactive oxygen species produced due to oxidative stress in alga cells after the addition of Fe3O4 NPs. This study provided a highly efficient way to improve the lipid production of microalgae using nanoparticles.
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16
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Yang F, Wei Z, Long L. Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses of the Tropical Reef Calcified Macroalga Amphiroa fragilissima to Elevated Temperature 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1254-1265. [PMID: 33655511 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcareous macroalgae are of particular ecological importance as primary producers, carbonate sediment builders, and habitat providers in coral reef ecosystems. Ocean warming is a major threat to calcareous algae, but it remains unclear exactly how these algae will respond to it. In this study, the potential physiological impacts of ocean warming on the calcareous alga Amphiroa fragilissima were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Increasing temperature from 26 to 28°C had positive effects on algal growth rate and chlorophyll a content, but these parameters decreased significantly at 32°C, which is 5°C above the annual mean temperature in the study region. Algal bleaching occurred at 34°C. There were no significant differences in CaCO3 content of thalli among different temperatures; however, calcification rate was inhibited significantly at 32 and 34°C. Transcriptome analyses using the Illumina RNA-seq platform showed that differentially expressed genes were annotated mainly in the categories of steroid biosynthesis, gap junction, ribosome, and mTOR signaling pathway. The expression levels of PsbA and PsbP were suppressed at 32°C, implying that inactivation of photosystem II could be a main reason for the decreased photosynthetic rate. Down-regulation of the genes encoding carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase was observed at 32°C, which could inhibit growth rate. Additionally, several genes that might be related to calcification were identified, including CAMK, CDPK, and CAM and genes encoding alpha-catenin and carbonic anhydrase. This study contributes to our understanding of the effects of temperature on algal calcification and provides a theoretical basis to protect ecological diversity of coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhangliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Inonovation Academy of South China Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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17
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Simultaneous phycoremediation of petrochemical wastewater and lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA novel strategy of using microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for simultaneous bio-treatment of petrochemical wastewater and lipid production was developed in the present study. Phycoremediation was carried out in 30 days. The profile of fatty acids was identified, and the specifications of biodiesel including saponification value, iodine value, cetane number, long-chain saturated factor, cold filter plugging point, cloud point, allylic position equivalent and bis-allylic position equivalent were predicted by BiodieselAnalyzer® software. Besides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in both wastewater samples and produced lipid. The observed data showed that biodiesel from C. vulgaris was superior to petrodiesel in terms of suitability in diesel engines. Moreover, contamination of petrochemical wastewater can influence the expression of a variety of genes in algae. To investigate the effectiveness of contamination on the expression of lipid synthesis as well as three photosynthesis genes, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify transcript levels of PsaB (photosystem I reaction center protein subunit B), psbC (an integral membrane protein component of photosystem II), and rbcL (a large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase). Furthermore, the gene expression level of accD (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta, chloroplastic) was studied to discover the effect of wastewater on lipid production. The results showed that when diluted petrochemical wastewater (50%) was used as a media for C. vulgaris cultivation, these genes expression significantly increased. For 50% diluted wastewater, the maximum removal of BOD, COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphor has been 30.36%, 10.89%, 69.89%, and 92.59%, respectively.
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18
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Growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa by sand-filter prevalent manganese-oxidizing bacterium. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Shi W, Zhang G, Li F, Feng J, Chen X. Two-step adsorption model for Pb ion accumulation at the algae-water interface in the presence of fulvic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140606. [PMID: 32721737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fulvic acid (FA) on heavy metal bioaccumulation by algae have been extensively studied, but the quantitative description on its adsorption behavior is not elaborately illustrated. In the study, the two-step adsorption model is firstly proposed to describe the adsorption of Pb by algae in the presence of FA (R2 > 0.984), which is characterized with two-plateaus in the biosorption curves. The first plateau in the curve represents a monolayer adsorption process of free Pb2+; while the second reveals a multilayer adsorption process of Pb-FA binding to those adsorbed Pb by algae, and the bonding material was called as ternary complex of algae-Pb-(FA-Pb). The formation of the ternary complex caused a sharp increase of the amount of adsorbed Pb by algae which was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and a decrease of the toxicity of Pb to algae verified with SEM and TEM images. The ternary phase diagram showed FA could participate in the formation of ternary complexes at very low concentration. The study is important for a comprehensive understanding of the metal-microalgae interaction and its biogeochemical cycle in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jianru Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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20
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Zhang F, Yao X, Sun S, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang X, Wang J. Effects of mesotrione on oxidative stress, subcellular structure, and membrane integrity in Chlorella vulgaris. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125668. [PMID: 31931307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesotrione is a selective herbicide used to prevent weed attack of corn. It is extensively used, and hence, is being increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems and may exert adverse effects on aquatic organisms. To evaluate the effects of mesotrione on photosynthesis-related gene expression, antioxidant enzyme activities, subcellular structure, and membrane integrity in algal cells, a comprehensive study was conducted using the green alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Exposure to 4-50 mg/L mesotrione resulted in a progressive inhibition of cell growth, with a 96-h median inhibition concentration (96 h- ErC50) value of 18.8 mg/L. Further, 18 and 37.5 mg/L mesotrione affected the algal photosynthetic capacity by decreasing the cell pigment content and reducing transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes. Mesotrione induced oxidative stress, as confirmed by increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. It also damaged the algal cellular structure, observed as plasmolysis, blurred organelle shape, and disruption of the chloroplast structure. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that mesotrione exposure led to uneven cell growth and interior irregularities in the algal cell. The apparent propidium iodide (PI) influx also confirmed that the herbicide induced damage of the cell membrane integrity. This study will facilitate the understanding of the physiological and morphological changes induced by mesotrione in C. vulgaris cells, and provide basic information for understanding the biological mechanisms of mesotrione-induced algal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Shiang Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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21
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Wang H, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Guo W, Liu W, Wang J. Biochemical responses and DNA damage induced by herbicide QYR301 in earthworm (Eisenia fetida). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125512. [PMID: 31816546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
QYR301, a novel herbicidal inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), has great potential for resistant weed control in paddy fields, but massive use of pesticides may result in toxicity to soil non-target organisms. Thus, this study was designed to assess subchronic toxicity of different doses of QYR301 in artificial soil (0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg kg-1) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after exposure, using biomarkers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and DNA damage. The ROS content significantly increased for all treatments on 7 and 14 days then decreased, and recovered to control level for 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg-1 treatment on day 28. Concerning enzymes activities, QYR301 increased POD, SOD, and GST activities, but inhibited CAT activity. Except for POD activity, SOD, CAT, and GST activities of 0.1 mg kg-1 group recovered to control level on day 28. Also, the MDA content of 0.1 mg kg-1 group reached control level on day 28. However, DNA damage was observed for all treatments throughout the experiment and it increased with increasing doses and time except for 5.0 mg kg-1 treatment on day 28. These results suggested that QYR301 induced excessive ROS production leading to oxidative stress in earthworms, which caused lipid membrane peroxidation and DNA damage ultimately. The findings could provide a theoretical foundation for assessing ecological damage of QYR301 to soils and a guide for future QYR301 applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baolin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenlei Guo
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, PR China.
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Wang H, Jin M, Mao W, Chen C, Fu L, Li Z, Du S, Liu H. Photosynthetic toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on green algae Scenedesmus obliquus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136176. [PMID: 31972914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has raised serious concerns regarding their potential ecotoxicological effects. We examined the photosynthetic toxicity of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.e. ibuprofen (rac-IBU and S-(+)-IBU), aspirin (ASA) and ketoprofen (KEP) on the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Our results showed that NSAIDs exerted inhibitory effects on algal growth; the IC50-24h of S-(+)-IBU, rac-IBU, ASA, and KEP was 123.29, 107.91, 103.05, and 4.03 mg/L, respectively. KEP was the most toxic, ASA was slightly more toxic than rac-IBU, and S-(+)-IBU was the least toxic. NSAIDs adversely affected the cellular ultrastructure, as evident from plasmolysis, chloroplast deformation and disintegration. NSAID treatments decreased the chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as minimum fluorescence yield (F0), maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), PSII (photosystem II) effective quantum yield [Y(II)], photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), and the photochemical quenching (qP), were also adversely affected. Algal photosynthetic and respiratory rates decreased following NSAID treatments, and the expression of genes involved in photosynthetic electron transport (psaA, psaB, psbB, psbD, and rbcL) was down-regulated. Furthermore, the functioning of the photosynthetic electron transport chain from PSI (photosystem I) to PSII, carbon assimilation, and photorespiration were affected. Our results suggest that NSAIDs can exert considerable toxic effects on the photosynthetic system of S. obliquus. These results provide a basis for evaluating the environmental safety of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cijia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linya Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Xu W, Tan L, Guo X, Wang J. Isolation of anti-algal substances from Cylindrotheca closterium and their inhibition activity on bloom-forming Prorocentrum donghaiense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110180. [PMID: 31927195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the allelopathic effect of Cylindrotheca closterium on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense, the model of harmful algal blooms in aquatic environment, by the co-culture tests and bioassay-guided fraction methods. The growth of P. donghaiense in co-cultures was observably suppressed by C. closterium, and P. donghaiense biomass in C/P = 3: 1 group increased slowly with a low growth rate of 0.18 d-1 after 4 days. Petroleum ether (PE) extract derived from C. closterium filtrates was isolated by C18 column and the allelopathy of all isolated fractions for P. donghaiense was investigated. After 96 h cultivation, the inhibition ratio of PE-Ⅲ and PE-Ⅷ fractions on P. donghaiense could reach up to 70.2% and 64.3% at the concentration of 10-fold when compared to control, while the other fractions displayed relatively low inhibitory effects on P. donghaiense. PE-Ⅲ and PE-Ⅷ fractions also decreased the chlorophyll content and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of P. donghaiense cells. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of antioxidant enzymes, reduced around 8.3% and 13.7% following exposure to 2-fold PE-Ⅲ and PE-Ⅷ, and was significantly decreased following higher exposure concentrations. After 96 h of 10-fold PE-Ⅲ and PE-Ⅷ treatments, Catalase (CAT) activity reduced to 44.86% and 46.42% of that observed in the control group. At the same time, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was observed. These findings suggested that PE-Ⅲ and PE-Ⅷ fractions contained main allelochemicals and possibly acted as promising algistatic agents for emergency handling of P. donghaiense blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Evaluation of the Oxidative Stress Status in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Liver Induced by Three Typical Organic UV Filters (BP-4, PABA and PBSA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020651. [PMID: 31963911 PMCID: PMC7027007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are a kind of emerging pollutants, which have been widely used in personal care products (PCPs). This study evaluated the effects of benzophenone-4 (BP-4), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) on the selected indices of antioxidative responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver. Zebrafish were exposed to two different doses (i.e., 0.5 and 5 mg L-1) of semi-static water with three individual compounds. Liver samples were collected on 7 and 14 days to analyze biochemical indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress occurred in zebrafish liver with significantly changed indicators during the whole exposure period. Different experimental groups could induce or inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes with varying degrees. With a prolonged exposure time and increased exposure dose, the hepatic lipid peroxidation was also obviously observed. Moreover, the toxicity order of three organic UV filters was analyzed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index and the results indicate that exposure to PABA for 7 days at 0.5 mg L-1 and PBSA for 7 days at 5 mg L-1 induced the most severe oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish.
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Wang G, Zhang Q, Li J, Chen X, Lang Q, Kuang S. Combined effects of erythromycin and enrofloxacin on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis-related gene transcription in Chlorella vulgaris. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:138-145. [PMID: 31125791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple antibiotics are simultaneously detected in aquatic environment, so it is extremely important to study the combined effects of their mixtures. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of erythromycin (ERY) and enrofloxacin (ENR), added individually or in combination, on Chlorella vulgaris and explored the toxic mechanisms. Results showed that the 96 h-EC50 values of ERY, ENR and ERY-ENR mixture to C. vulgaris were 85.7, 124.5 and 39.9 μg L-1 respectively, and combined toxicity assessment found that joint effect of the two antibiotics was synergism, which was proven by the chlorophyll content in algae. Antioxidant defense system and photosynthesis were involved in toxic mechanisms and the results revealed that both the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents increased in antibiotic treatments. In addition, the increase was more significant in joint exposure treatment, which implied that the antioxidant defense system was synergistically affected. RT-PCR showed that ERY and ENR upregulated the transcript abundance of psaB, psbC and chlB at low concentrations and the transcription abundance was synergistically increased in combined treatment. Therefore, the risk of the toxicity of antibiotics to aquatic organisms in real environment both at organismal and molecular level increases as a result of their combined presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Qiaolin Lang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China.
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Xi J, Shao J, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang H, Zhang X, Xiong D. Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 158:135-142. [PMID: 31378349 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments. Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris, by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC50) was 0.82 mg/L (95% confidential interval 0.70-0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbC and rbcL) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Xi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Liu Q, Tang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang X. ROS changes are responsible for tributyl phosphate (TBP)-induced toxicity in the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:168-178. [PMID: 30677712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerging environmental contaminant, tributyl phosphate (TBP) is an additive flame retardant of high production volume that is frequently detected in biota and the environment. Despite evidence that TBP is a potential threat to marine organisms, ecotoxicology data for TBP in marine organisms at low trophic levels are scarce. In this study, the acute toxicological effect of TBP on the marine phytoplankton Phaeodactylum tricornutum was thoroughly investigated, and the possible mechanism was explored. The results showed that TBP at concentrations ≥0.2 mg L-1 significantly inhibited P. tricornutum growth in a clear dose-response manner, with 72-h EC10, EC20, EC50 and EC90 values of 0.067, 0.101, 0.219 and 0.716 mg L-1, respectively. Algal cells treated with TBP exhibited distorted shapes, ruptured cell membranes and damaged organelles, especially mitochondria. Additionally, apoptosis was triggered, followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that cellular damage occurred during exposure. Although the activities of two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide peroxidase and catalase, were upregulated by TBP at 1.2 mg L-1, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde still accumulated in algal cells after exposure, suggesting that the cells experienced oxidative stress. Moreover, both growth inhibition and apoptosis were positively correlated with ROS levels and were ameliorated by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Taken together, the results indicate that TBP exposure leads to growth inhibition and cellular damage in P. tricornutum, and a ROS-mediated pathway might contribute to these observed toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yunchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Li Q, Fu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Rittmann BE. Excessive phosphorus caused inhibition and cell damage during heterotrophic growth of Chlorella regularis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:266-270. [PMID: 30081286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high phosphorus concentration is widely accepted as favorable for enhancing both microalgae growth and lipid accumulation; however, excessively high P could be counter-productive. In this study, we investigated the effects of increasing P levels (5.4, 25, 45, 150, and 250 mg-P L-1) on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella regularis. Microalgae growth was inhibited and cells were severely damaged in response to highly excessive P levels (≥150 mg-P L-1). In particular, 250 mg-P L-1 resulted in a ∼40% decrease in cell density and a ∼70% loss of cell viability. Microalgae damage induced by excessive phosphorus included enlarged cell size, deformation of cell walls, and disorganization of organelles. These negative effects were associated with the over-accumulation of polyphosphates within cells, which may further cause binding of P to intracellular components. Although P is an essential nutrient, excessive P lowers cell growth and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Li
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
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Qian L, Qi S, Cao F, Zhang J, Zhao F, Li C, Wang C. Toxic effects of boscalid on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:171-181. [PMID: 29980035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in main coastal estuaries in California, with concentrations as high as 36 μg/L. However, ecotoxicology information about boscalid to aquatic organisms is scarce. To investigate toxic effects and mechanisms of boscalid on freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), C. vulgaris were exposed to a range of boscalid concentrations (0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 mg/L) for 96 h to study the changes in photosynthetic pigment contents, responses of the antioxidant enzyme system and alterations in endogenous substances. Results indicated that the growth of algae and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids were significantly inhibited by 1.6 mg/L boscalid. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage of C. vulgaris could be induced by boscalid, in accordance with significant changes in ROS levels and a series of antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, the alterations in endogenous substances showed that boscalid could affect photosynthesis and energy metabolism of C. vulgaris. These results demonstrated that boscalid could induce impacts on C. vulgaris mainly through disturbing the photosynthesis, oxidative damage and energy metabolism. The present study provided a better understanding of the negative effects and mechanisms of bosaclid in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjie Cao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Li
- Plant Protection Station, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Huang Y, Luo L, Ma XY, Wang XC. Effect of elevated benzophenone-4 (BP4) concentration on Chlorella vulgaris growth and cellular metabolisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32549-32561. [PMID: 30238265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-4 (BP4), as the raw material of common sunscreen products, usually shows strong eco-toxicity and endocrine-disrupting activity in aquatic animals. However, the potential adverse effect of BP4 on aquatic vegetation is still unclear. In order to evaluate the inhibitory effect of BP4 on phytoplankton, wild and acclimated Chlorella vulgaris was used as representative aquatic plant cells and experimental studies were conducted on the characteristics of its growth and cellular metabolisms upon exposure to elevated BP4 concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg L-1). C. vulgaris basically appeared low sensitivity to BP4 exposure because the 96-h EC50 was measured as 65.16 mg L-1 for its wild type. The 96-h EC50 of the acclimated type, which was pre-exposed to 10 mg L-1 of BP4 and transferred twice, was 140.76 mg L-1. By cellular response tests regarding non-enzymatic antioxidants carotenoid content, malondialdehyde (MDA), enzyme antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the photosynthetic efficiency, it was clarified that increasing exposure concentration elevated the hindrance to cellular metabolism. However, the rate of BP4 utilization as substrates for C. vulgaris growth showed a trend of decreasing with increasing BP4 concentration. The higher 96-h EC50 value of the acclimated C. vulgaris to BP4 inhibition than the wild C. vulgaris showed the enhanced tolerance capability; however, the continuous stress response of acclimated type should be taken into account when using microalgae species for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Engineering Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Li Luo
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Engineering Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Y Ma
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Engineering Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13,Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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Fang B, Shi J, Qin L, Feng M, Cheng D, Wang T, Zhang X. Toxicity evaluation of 4,4'-di-CDPS and 4,4'-di-CDE on green algae Scenedesmus obliquus: growth inhibition, change in pigment content, and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15630-15640. [PMID: 29574639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides and polychlorinated diphenyl ethers are two types of dioxin-like pollutants, which are prevalent in aquatic environments. However, to date, limited information is available regarding their toxicity to green algae. In this study, growth inhibition, effect on pigment content, and oxidative stress potentials of 4,4'-di-CDPS and 4,4'-di-CDE on green algae Scenedesmus obliquus were investigated. The results indicate that the EC50 values of 4,4'-di-CDPS after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure were 1.736, 1.172, 0.994, and 0.820 mg/L, while the corresponding values for 4,4'-di-CDE were 0.697, 1.087, 0.833, and 0.327 mg/L. As compared to the control group, most of the measured pigment content in algal cells significantly decreased after 96-h exposure to these two chemicals, suggesting their suppressive capability on the photosynthesis process in algal cells. Additionally, oxidative stress occurred as demonstrated by the significantly inhibited activities of the antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), and high increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in all 4,4'-di-CDE-treated groups and some moderate-dose and high-dose treatments with 4,4'-di-CDPS. Acute toxicity tests and biochemical analysis showed that 4,4'-di-CDE was more toxic than 4,4'-di-CDPS on S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Fang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Qin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Danru Cheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Liu PR, Yang ZY, Hong Y, Hou YL. An in situ method for synthesis of magnetic nanomaterials and efficient harvesting for oleaginous microalgae in algal culture. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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