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Alotaibi B, A El-Masry T, Elekhnawy E, Mokhtar FA, El-Seadawy HM, A Negm W. Studying the effects of secondary metabolites isolated from Cycas thouarsii R.Br. leaves on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:103-113. [PMID: 38279824 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The various therapeutic drugs that are currently utilized for the management of cancer, especially breast cancer, are greatly challenged by the augmented resistance that is either acquired or de novo by the cancer cells owing to the long treatment periods. So, this study aimed at elucidating the possible anticancer potential of four compounds 7, 4', 7'', 4'''-tetra-O-methyl amentoflavone, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid that are isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves n-butanol fraction for the first time. The MTT assay evaluated the cytotoxic action of four isolated compounds against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, ferulic acid revealed the lowest IC50 of 12.52 µg/mL against MDA-MB-231 cells and a high IC50 of 80.2 µg/mL against oral epithelial cells. Also, using an inverted microscope, the influence of ferulic acid was studied on the MDA-MB-231, which revealed the appearance of apoptosis characteristics like shrinkage of the cells and blebbing of the cell membrane. In addition, the flow cytometric analysis showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells stained with Annexin V/PI had a rise in the count of the cells in the early and late apoptosis stages. Moreover, gel electrophoresis detected DNA fragmentation in the ferulic acid-treated cells. Finally, the effect of the compound was tested at the molecular level by qRT-PCR. An upregulation of the pro-apoptotic genes (BAX and P53) and a downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene (BCL-2) were observed. Consequently, our study demonstrated that these isolated compounds, especially ferulic acid, may be vital anticancer agents, particularly for breast cancer, through its induction of apoptosis through the P53-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Saritha K, Alivelu M, Mohammad M. Drug-likeness analysis, in silico ADMET profiling of compounds in Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn, and antibacterial activity of the plant extract. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:67. [PMID: 39050777 PMCID: PMC11264488 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are a treasure trove of bioactive compounds. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. has many important phytoconstituents like cucurbitacins, rutin, and quercitin compounds. Among these compounds, Quercetin-3-O- Rhamnoside (1) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties. Rutin (2) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, antiviral properties, 7, 10-Hexa decadienoic acid methyl ester (3) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemia and anticancer activities. Docosanoic acid (4) has antioxidant, α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity. 3,7,11,15-Tetra methyl hexa decan-1-ol (5) has antiviral properties. Cucurbitacin-B (6) has antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Performance of experimental studies on phytochemicals become more difficult as the availability of compounds in small quantities, hence the computational methods becomes important for drug discovery. Based on their biological activity, compounds 1-6 were tested for in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiling and drug-likeness properties using the Swiss ADME online web server and the pkCSM server. All the studied compounds obey Lipinski's rule of five except compounds 1 and 2 with two and three violations each. The entire selected compounds have a good bioavailability score in the recommended range of 0 to 1. Compound 4 has high (0.85) and compounds 1 and 2 have low (0.17) oral bioavailability scores. All the selected compounds from Kedrostis foetidissima have strong pharmacological activities. Supporting this, the selected plant methanol extracts of leaf, stem callus, and tuber have shown well in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Therefore, these compounds may be developed into drug molecules with additional clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kommidi Saritha
- Department of Botany, Pingle Govt. College for Women (A), Hanumakonda, Telangana 506370 India
| | - Munagala Alivelu
- Department of Chemistry, Pingle Govt. College for Women (A), Hanumakonda, Telangana 506370 India
| | - Mustafa Mohammad
- Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506009 India
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Guo Q, Shi M, Sarengaowa, Xiao Z, Xiao Y, Feng K. Recent Advances in the Distribution, Chemical Composition, Health Benefits, and Application of the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii. Foods 2024; 13:2278. [PMID: 39063362 PMCID: PMC11275593 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (S. grosvenorii) have attracted a lot of scientific interest as part of the current healthy diet. S. grosvenorii has diverse health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, respiratory modulation, metabolic modulation, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, as well as gastrointestinal function modulation. As a plant resource, S. grosvenorii has broad application prospects, which promotes the development of the horticultural industry. Moreover, Mogroside has attracted much attention as an important active ingredient of S. grosvenorii. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the distribution, chemical composition, health benefits, and application of S. grosvenorii, particularly Mogroside. This comprehensive exploration highlights the important therapeutic potential of S. grosvenorii, prompting further research into its applications. As value-added functional ingredients, S. grosvenorii and its constituents have significant potential for disease prevention and are widely used in the development of food and health supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Guo
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Minke Shi
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Sarengaowa
- College of Life Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Zhewen Xiao
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xiao
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ke Feng
- Medical Science Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China (M.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.X.)
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Hu Y, Su M, Kong Y, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Chen X, Ma L. Total synthesis/semi-synthesis of natural isopentenyl flavonoids with inhibitory activity on NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 107:129777. [PMID: 38692522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's defense response to stimuli. When the homeostatic balance is disturbed, disease may result. Flavonoids have clear anti-inflammatory effects and the isopentenyl group significantly enhances the pharmacological activity of flavonoids. Therefore, isopentenyl flavonoids have the potential to serve as lead compounds for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Throughout this research, eight natural compounds were synthesized, including 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavonoid (1), 4'-O-Methylatalantoflavone (2), Kushenol W (3) and Racemoflavone (5), which were totally synthesized for the first time. Additionally, three flavonols: Licoflavonol (6), 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy-6-prenylflavonol (7) and Macarangin (8), can be one-step synthesized by direct C-isopentenylation. In the process, an economical and efficient C-isopentenylation method was also simultaneously explored that could facilitate the efficient synthesis of natural products. These compounds were evaluated for their potential anti-inflammatory activities via the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Notably, Macarangin (8) manifested the most potent inhibitory effect. The SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships) also showed the introduction of the isopentenyl group was determined to enhance these effects, whereas simple flavonoid frameworks or cyclization of isopentenyl groups all diminished anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengjun Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yichao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Xu LT, Wang T, Han QT, Xu ZP, Wen XS, Wang XN, Shen T. Integrated network pharmacology and pharmacological investigations to explore the potential mechanism of Ding-Chuan-Tang against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117983. [PMID: 38432578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ding-Chuan-Tang (Abbreviated as DCT) is frequently prescribed for treatment of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the potential mechanism of DCT has not been investigated. AIM OF STUDY The aim of the study is to explore the efficiency of DCT in the treatment of COPD in vivo and in vitro, and to illustrate the possible mechanism against COPD. METHODS COPD model was induced by exposure of mice to cigarette smoke (CS) for 16 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay, Western blot, etc., were used to explore the efficiency and mechanisms of DCT. Network pharmacology analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, etc., was performed to explore the potential targets in the treatment of DCT on COPD. RESULTS DCT significantly alleviated pulmonary pathological changes in mouse COPD model, and inhibited inflammatory response induced by CS and LPS in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that DCT alleviated COPD via inhibiting inflammation by regulating PI3K-AKT pathway. In cell-based models, DCT suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, which further regulated its downstream targets Nrf2 and NF-κB, and inhibited inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS DCT effectively attenuated COPD in the mouse model induced by CS. The therapeutic mechanism of DCT against COPD was closely associated with the regulation of PI3K-AKT pathway and its downstream transcription factors, Nrf2 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tao Xu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Tong Han
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Zhen-Peng Xu
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Tang C, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang J, Xiao M, He M, Chang X, Li Y, Li X. Metabolomic Profiling of Floccularia luteovirens from Different Geographical Regions Proposes a Novel Perspective on Their Antioxidative Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:620. [PMID: 38790725 PMCID: PMC11118160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Floccularia luteovirens, an endemic resource of the Tibetan Plateau, possesses significant medicinal and ecological values. However, the understanding of antioxidant capacity and metabolic profiling of F. luteovirens from diverse regions remains elusive due to limited resources. Therefore, to comprehensively comprehend the antioxidant capacity and metabolite diversity of F. luteovirens, we conducted a rounded analysis of its antioxidant capacity from three distinct regions using both untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Determination of antioxidant indices, such as ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), and flavonoid content (FC), revealed the robust antioxidant capacity of F. luteovirens. QL F. luteovirens (QLFL) exhibited no significant difference compared to ZD F. luteovirens (ZDFL); however, both were significantly distinct from XH F. luteovirens (XHFL) across multiple indices. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between FRAP and flavonoid content. A total of 5782 metabolites were identified and chemically classified. Metabolites of F. luteovirens varied significantly at different regions and eight key differential metabolites were screened. Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and cyanoamino acid metabolism were the main different regulatory pathways. Consequently, the disparities in the antioxidant activity of F. luteovirens may primarily be ascribed to the biosynthesis and metabolism of phenylalanine, while vanillic acid could potentially serve as a pivotal metabolite influencing the antioxidative capacity of F. luteovirens by targeted metabolomics. These findings enhance our understanding of the composition of F. luteovirens and provide valuable resources for its comprehensive utilization and targeted development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuejun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiyun Chang
- Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (Y.F.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
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Kanter JP, Milke L, Metz JK, Biabani A, Schlüter H, Gand M, Ley JP, Zorn H. Novel Catechol O-methyltransferases from Lentinula edodes Catalyze the Generation of Taste-Active Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11002-11012. [PMID: 38700031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for natural food ingredients, including taste-active compounds, enzyme-catalyzed conversions of natural substrates, such as flavonoids, are promising tools to align with the principles of Green Chemistry. In this study, a novel O-methyltransferase activity was identified in the mycelium of Lentinula edodes, which was successfully applied to generate the taste-active flavonoids hesperetin, hesperetin dihydrochalcone, homoeriodictyol, and homoeriodictyol dihydrochalcone. Furthermore, the mycelium-mediated OMT activity allowed for the conversion of various catecholic substrates, yielding their respective (iso-)vanilloids, while monohydroxylated compounds were not converted. By means of a bottom-up proteomics approach, three putative O-methyltransferases were identified, and subsequently, synthetic, codon-optimized genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes confirmed the biocatalytic O-methylation activity against targeted flavonoids containing catechol motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Kanter
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Milke
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Judith K Metz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali Biabani
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Campus Research, N27, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Campus Research, N27, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jakob P Ley
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35394 Giessen, Germany
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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Yang S, Chu G, Wu J, Zhang G, Du L, Lin R. Enrichment and Evaluation of Antitumor Properties of Total Flavonoids from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Molecules 2024; 29:1976. [PMID: 38731467 PMCID: PMC11085465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites found in Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which is a precious reservoir of bioactive substances in China. To explore the antitumor actions of flavonoids (JMFs) from the waste branches of J. mandshurica, the following optimized purification parameters of JMFs by macroporous resins were first obtained. The loading concentration, flow rate, and loading volume of raw flavonoid extracts were 1.4 mg/mL, 2.4 BV/h, and 5 BV, respectively, and for desorption, 60% ethanol (4 BV) was selected to elute JMFs-loaded AB-8 resin at a flow rate of 2.4 BV/h. This adsorption behavior can be explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Subsequently, JMFs were identified using Fourier transform infrared combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and a total of 156 flavonoids were identified. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential of JMFs on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells was demonstrated. The results also show that exposure to JMFs induced apoptotic cell death, which might be associated with extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry detection found that JMFs exposure triggered S phase arrest and the generation of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that the JMFs purified in this study represent great potential for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guodong Chu
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Linna Du
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Toma L, Deleanu M, Sanda GM, Barbălată T, Niculescu LŞ, Sima AV, Stancu CS. Bioactive Compounds Formulated in Phytosomes Administered as Complementary Therapy for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4162. [PMID: 38673748 PMCID: PMC11049841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders (MDs), including dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are a significant threat to human health, despite the many therapies developed for their treatment. Different classes of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenes have shown therapeutic potential in ameliorating various disorders. Most of these compounds present low bioavailability when administered orally, being rapidly metabolized in the digestive tract and liver which makes their metabolites less effective. Moreover, some of the bioactive compounds cannot fully exert their beneficial properties due to the low solubility and complex chemical structure which impede the passive diffusion through the intestinal cell membranes. To overcome these limitations, an innovative delivery system of phytosomes was developed. This review aims to highlight the scientific evidence proving the enhanced therapeutic benefits of the bioactive compounds formulated in phytosomes compared to the free compounds. The existing knowledge concerning the phytosomes' preparation, their characterization and bioavailability as well as the commercially available phytosomes with therapeutic potential to alleviate MDs are concisely depicted. This review brings arguments to encourage the use of phytosome formulation to diminish risk factors inducing MDs, or to treat the already installed diseases as complementary therapy to allopathic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Camelia Sorina Stancu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8 B.P. Haşdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (L.T.); (M.D.); (G.M.S.); (T.B.); (L.Ş.N.); (A.V.S.)
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11
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Sak K. The low expression of matrix metalloproteinases: a key to longevity? EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2024:158-166. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2024.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, it has become clear that an excessive activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can accelerate the progression and fatal outcomes of several serious age-related diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary heart disorders and various types of malignancies. These proteolytic enzymes mediate the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix through cleaving its various components, thereby affecting many critical functions of surrounding cells and intercellular communication. Consequently, the low expression levels of MMPs can be important in the prevention and treatment of such chronic life-threatening pathologies, contributing to the better quality of life and longer life expectancy. In this review article, the pathogenic proteolytic roles of MMPs are examined in more detail, especially in the cases of heart attack and stroke as well as cancer invasion and metastasis, showing that these enzymes can be considered not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as important therapeutic targets in the fight against many age- and lifestyle-related serious disorders. The identification and development of suppressing agents with a selective activity towards specific MMPs have, however, still remained a complex and complicated challenge, in which natural plant-derived compounds are increasingly recognized as promising leads for the new-generation inhibitors.
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12
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Sonam Dongsar T, Tsering Dongsar T, Gupta G, Alsayari A, Wahab S, Kesharwani P. PLGA nanomedical consignation: A novel approach for the management of prostate cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123808. [PMID: 38224758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The malignancy of the prostate is a complicated ailment which impacts millions of male populations around the globe. Despite the multitude of endeavour accomplished within this domain, modalities that are involved in the ameliorative management of predisposed infirmity are still relent upon non-specific and invasive procedures, thus imposing a detrimental mark on the living standard of the individual. Also, the orchestrated therapeutic interventions are still incompetent in substantiating a robust and unabridged therapeutic end point owing to their inadequate solubility, low bioavailability, limited cell assimilation, and swift deterioration, thereby muffling the clinical application of these existing treatment modalities. Nanotechnology has been employed in an array of modalities for the medical management of malignancies. Among the assortment of available nano-scaffolds, nanocarriers composed of a bio-decomposable and hybrid polymeric material like PLGA hold an opportunity to advance as standard chemotherapeutic modalities. PLGA-based nanocarriers have the prospect to address the drawbacks associated with conventional cancer interventions, owing to their versatility, durability, nontoxic nature, and their ability to facilitate prolonged drug release. This review intends to describe the plethora of evidence-based studies performed to validate the applicability of PLGA nanosystem in the amelioration of prostate malignancies, in conjunction with PLGA focused nano-scaffold in the clinical management of prostate carcinoma. This review seeks to explore numerous evidence-based studies confirming the applicability of PLGA nanosystems in ameliorating prostate malignancies. It also delves into the role of PLGA-focused nano-scaffolds in the clinical management of prostate carcinoma, aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective on these advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Sonam Dongsar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tenzin Tsering Dongsar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, India; School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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Li W, Zhang X, Wang S, Gao X, Zhang X. Research Progress on Extraction and Detection Technologies of Flavonoid Compounds in Foods. Foods 2024; 13:628. [PMID: 38397605 PMCID: PMC10887530 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds have a variety of biological activities and play an essential role in preventing the occurrence of metabolic diseases. However, many structurally similar flavonoids are present in foods and are usually in low concentrations, which increases the difficulty of their isolation and identification. Therefore, developing and optimizing effective extraction and detection methods for extracting flavonoids from food is essential. In this review, we review the structure, classification, and chemical properties of flavonoids. The research progress on the extraction and detection of flavonoids in foods in recent years is comprehensively summarized, as is the application of mathematical models in optimizing experimental conditions. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for detecting and analyzing high-purity flavonoids in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xinglei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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Muñoz R, Rivas BDL, Rodríguez H, Esteban-Torres M, Reverón I, Santamaría L, Landete JM, Plaza-Vinuesa L, Sánchez-Arroyo A, Jiménez N, Curiel JA. Food phenolics and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 412:110555. [PMID: 38199014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important constituents of plant food products. These compounds play a key role in food characteristics such as flavor, astringency and color. Lactic acid bacteria are naturally found in raw vegetables, being Lactiplantibacillus plantarum the most commonly used commercial starter for the fermentation of plant foods. Hence, the metabolism of phenolic compounds of L. plantarum has been a subject of study in recent decades. Such studies confirm that L. plantarum, in addition to presenting catalytic capacity to transform aromatic alcohols and phenolic glycosides, exhibits two main differentiated metabolic routes that allow the biotransformation of dietary hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid-derived compounds. These metabolic pathways lead to the production of new compounds with new biological and organoleptic properties. The described metabolic pathways involve the action of specialized esterases, decarboxylases and reductases that have been identified through genetic analysis and biochemically characterized. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the current knowledge of the metabolism of food phenolics in L. plantarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Esteban-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Reverón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Landete
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Curiel
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Wang R, Ma R, Feng K, Lu H, Zhao W, Jin H. Total Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Osajin, Scandenone and Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38256918 PMCID: PMC10819276 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the total synthesis of osajin, scandenone and their analogues have been accomplished. The key synthetic steps include aldol/intramolecular iodoetherification/elimination sequence reactions and a Suzuki coupling reaction to assemble the tricyclic core, chemoselective propargylation and Claisen rearrangement reactions to obtain natural compounds. In addition, we also designed and synthesized twenty-five natural product analogues. All synthetic compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Collectively, Compound 39e and 39d were considered as promising lead compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Ran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongchen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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16
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Abu Bakar NFAB, Yeo ZL, Hussin F, Madhavan P, Lim V, Jemon K, Prabhakaran P. Synergistic effects of combined cisplatin and Clinacanthus nutans extract on triple negative breast cancer cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1220-1236. [PMID: 37250812 PMCID: PMC10209459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive breast cancer subtype enriched with cancer stem cells. TNBCs do not express estrogen, progesterone, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors, making them difficult to be targeted by existing chemotherapy treatments. In this study, we attempted to identify the effects of combined cisplatin and Clinacanthus nutans treatment on MDA-MD-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, which represent TNBC subtypes. Methods The phytochemical fingerprint of C. nutans ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We investigated the effects of cisplatin (0-15.23 μg/mL), C. nutans (0-50 μg/mL), and a combination of cisplatin (3.05 μg/mL) and C. nutans (0-50 μg/mL), on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, mRNA expression in cancer stem cells (CD49f, KLF4), and differentiation markers (TUBA1A, KRT18) in TNBC cells. In addition, we also studied the interaction between cisplatin and C. nutans. Results Derivatives of fatty acids, carboxylic acid ester, and glycosides, were identified as the major bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties in C. nutans leaf extract. Reductions in cell viability (0-78%) and proliferation (2-77%), as well as a synergistic anticancer effect, were identified in TNBC cells when treated with a combination of cisplatin and C. nutans. Furthermore, apoptotic induction via increased caspase-3/7 activity (MDA-MB-231: 2.73-fold; MDA-MB-468: 3.53-fold), and a reduction in cell invasion capacity to 36%, were detected in TNBC cells when compared to single cisplatin and C. nutans treatments. At the mRNA level, cisplatin and C. nutans differentially regulated specific genes that are responsible for proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the combination of cisplatin and C. nutans represents a potential treatment for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhin Leng Yeo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Hussin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunadwa Jemon
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Praseetha Prabhakaran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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17
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Zeng W, Yang J, He Y, Zhu Z. Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7323-7332. [PMID: 37254614 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health as they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. Glucosinolates - sulfur-containing bioactive phytochemicals - have anti-cancer effects. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plants and is an indispensable component of glucosinolates. This paper summarizes the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates, with the aim of providing information about the dietary effects of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Kłósek M, Krawczyk-Łebek A, Kostrzewa-Susłow E, Szliszka E, Bronikowska J, Jaworska D, Pietsz G, Czuba ZP. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methyl Derivatives of Flavanone. Molecules 2023; 28:7837. [PMID: 38067567 PMCID: PMC10708004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the immune defense against injury and infection agents. However, the inflammatory chronic process may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, or cancer. Flavanones present in citrus fruits exhibit biological activities, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The beneficial effects of flavanones have been found based on in vitro cell cultures and animal studies. A suitable in vitro model for studying the inflammatory process are macrophages (RAW264.7 cell line) because, after stimulation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they release inflammatory cytokines involved in the immune response. We determined the nitrite concentration in the macrophage cell culture and detected ROS using chemiluminescence. Additionally, we measured the production of selected cytokines using the Bio-Plex Magnetic Luminex Assay and the Bio-PlexTM 200 System. For the first time, we have shown that methyl derivatives of flavanone inhibit NO and chemiluminescence generated via LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds at 1-20 µM dose-dependently modulate proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) in stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The 2'-methylflavanone (5B) and the 3'-methylflavanone (6B) possess the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among all the tested flavanone derivatives. These compounds reduce the concentration of IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL12p70 compared to the core flavanone structure. Moreover, 2'-methylflavanone reduces TNF-α, and 3'-methylflavanone reduces IL-1β secreted by RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.-Ł.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Joanna Bronikowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Dagmara Jaworska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Grażyna Pietsz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (J.B.); (D.J.); (G.P.); (Z.P.C.)
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19
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Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Rengasamy KRR. Underutilized green leafy vegetables: frontier in fortified food development and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11679-11733. [PMID: 35816152 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
From the ancient period, Green leafy vegetables (GLV) are part of the daily diet and were believed to have several health beneficial properties. Later it has been proved that GLV has outstanding nutritional value and can be used for medicinal benefits. GLV is particularly rich in minerals like iron, calcium, and zinc. These are also rich in vitamins like beta carotene, vitamin E, K, B and vitamin C. In addition, some anti-nutritional elements in GLV can be reduced if it is grown properly and processed properly before consumption. Tropical countries have a wide variety of these green plants such as Red Spinach, Amaranth, Malabar Spinach, Taro Leaf, Fenugreek leaf, Bengal Gram Leaves, Radish Leaves, Mustard Leaves, and many more. This review focuses on listing this wide range of GLVs (in total 54 underutilized GLVs) and their compositions in a comparative manner. GLV also possesses medicinal activities due to its rich bioactive and nutritional potential. Different processing techniques may alter the nutritional and bioactive potential of the GLVs significantly. The GLVs have been considered a food fortification agent, though not explored widely. All of these findings suggest that increasing GLV consumption could provide nutritional requirements necessary for proper growth as well as adequate protection against diseases caused by malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Mir Madan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarita Roy
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Processing and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, The First Cossack University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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20
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Paudel P, Choi JS, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Park SE, Kang WC, Ryu JH, Jung HA. In Vitro Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and Human Dopamine D 4 Receptor Antagonist Effect of Natural Flavonoids for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15859. [PMID: 37958841 PMCID: PMC10650131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavone and isoflavone analogs such as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (1), 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2), and calycosin (3) possess significant neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This study highlights the in vitro human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory potential and functional effect of those natural flavonoids at dopamine and serotonin receptors for their possible role in neuroprotection. In vitro hMAO inhibition and enzyme kinetics studies were performed using a chemiluminescent assay. The functional effect of three natural flavonoids on dopamine and serotonin receptors was tested via cell-based functional assays followed by a molecular docking simulation to predict interactions between a compound and the binding site of the target protein. A forced swimming test was performed in the male C57BL/6 mouse model. Results of in vitro chemiluminescent assays and enzyme kinetics depicted 1 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A with promising potency (IC50 value: 7.57 ± 0.14 μM) and 3 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 value of 7.19 ± 0.32 μM. Likewise, GPCR functional assays in transfected cells showed 1 as a good hD4R antagonist. In docking analysis, these active flavonoids interacted with a determinant-interacting residue via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with low docking scores comparable to reference ligands. The post-oral administration of 1 to male C57BL/6 mice did not reduce the immobility time in the forced swimming test. The results of this study suggest that 1 and 3 may serve as effective regulators of the aminergic system via hMAO inhibition and the hD4R antagonist effect, respectively, for neuroprotection. The route of administration should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Natural Products Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Woo-Chang Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-C.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-C.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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21
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Tagorti G, Yalçın B, Güneş M, Kurşun AY, Kaya B. Genotoxic and genoprotective effects of phytoestrogens: a systematic review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1242-1254. [PMID: 36606318 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2146134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are xenoestrogens found in plants with a myriad of health benefits. However, various studies reported the genotoxic effects of these substances. Thus, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to evaluate the genotoxic and the genoprotective potential of phytoestrogens. Only studies written in English and intended to study commercially available phytoestrogens were included. The screening was performed manually. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of action of phytoestrogens was described. Around half of those studies (43%) reported genoprotective results. However, several studies revealed positive results for genotoxicity with specific model organisms and with dose/concentration dependence. The assessment of the selected articles showed substantial differences in the used concentrations and a biphasic response was recorded in some phytoestrogens. As far as we know, this is the first study to assess the genotoxic and genoprotective effects of phytoestrogens systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Tagorti
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burçin Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Merve Güneş
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Bülent Kaya
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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22
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do Nascimento JR, de Matos Monteiro Lira BS, do Nascimento MO, Lopes GLN, Ferreira GM, de Souza Nunes GC, Gonçalves RS, Carvalho ALM, Vilegas W, da Rocha CQ. Innovative Microemulsion Loaded with Unusual Dimeric Flavonoids from Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann Roots. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:212. [PMID: 37848719 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann is a species native to the Brazilian cerrado, with promising bioactivity. The organic fraction of the roots is rich in unusual dimeric flavonoids, reported as potential candidates for cancer treatment. The exploration of these flavonoids is very important, considering their diverse biological activities and the need for innovative therapeutic options. This work aimed to develop and characterize a microemulsion loaded with a non-polar fraction (DCM). The constituents were chosen, and the pseudo-ternary diagram was constructed to determine the region of microemulsion formation. The microemulsions blank (ME), with 3% (ME3) and 5% (ME5) of fraction DCM, were characterized in terms of droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. Both MEs showed particle sizes <100 nm; only ME3 exhibited better values for polydispersity index and zeta potential and was therefore selected for further study. The organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated, revealing limpidity and transparency typical of these microstructures, physiologically acceptable pH, refractive index of 1.42±0.01, and density of 1.017 g/cm3±0.01. The stability tests showed good stability profiles even after exposure to extreme thermal conditions, with minimal changes in pH and the content of the incorporated fraction. The in vitro release study demonstrated that ME3 enabled the controlled release of the fraction, with a cumulative amount released over 60% within 6 h. Furthermore, fraction DCM and ME3 exhibited no toxicity in Tenebrio molitor larvae. The developed microemulsion exhibited excellent properties, so this study represents the first successful attempt to develop a formulation that incorporates the dimeric flavonoid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Institut of Biosciences, Coastal Campus of São Vicente, Paulista State University-UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Smith E, Lewis A, Narine SS, Emery RJN. Unlocking Potentially Therapeutic Phytochemicals in Capadulla ( Doliocarpus dentatus) from Guyana Using Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:1050. [PMID: 37887375 PMCID: PMC10608729 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Doliocarpus dentatus is thought to have a wide variety of therapeutic phytochemicals that allegedly improve libido and cure impotence. Although a few biomarkers have been identified with potential antinociceptive and cytotoxic properties, an untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach has never been undertaken to identify therapeutic biofingerprints for conditions, such as erectile dysfunction, in men. This study executes a preliminary phytochemical screening of the woody vine of two ecotypes of D. dentatus with renowned differences in therapeutic potential for erectile dysfunction. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used to screen for flavonoids, terpenoids, and other chemical classes found to contrast between red and white ecotypes. Among the metabolite chemodiversity found in the ecotype screens, using a combination of GNPS, MS-DIAL, and SIRIUS, approximately 847 compounds were annotated at levels 2 to 4, with the majority of compounds falling under lipid and lipid-like molecules, benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, and polyketides, indicative of the contributions of the flavonoid, shikimic acid, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Despite the extensive annotation, we report on 138 tentative compound identifications of potentially therapeutic compounds, with 55 selected compounds at a level-2 annotation, and 22 statistically significant therapeutic biomarkers, the majority of which were polyphenols. Epicatechin methyl gallate, catechin gallate, and proanthocyanidin A2 had the greatest significant differences and were also relatively abundant among the red and white ecotypes. These putatively identified compounds reportedly act as antioxidants, neutralizing damaging free radicals, and lowering cell oxidative stress, thus aiding in potentially preventing cellular damage and promoting overall well-being, especially for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart Smith
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Ainsely Lewis
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Suresh S. Narine
- Trent Centre for Biomaterials Research, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
- Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - R. J. Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
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24
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Manya Mboni H, Faes M, Fraselle S, Compaoré M, Salvius BA, Joseph KB, Duez P, Jean-Baptiste LS, Stévigny C. Evaluating phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum, and Porphyrostemma chevalieri extracts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20103. [PMID: 37809863 PMCID: PMC10559859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum and Porphyrostemma chevalieri are used against malaria in traditional medicine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To evaluate their potential in the treatment of this disease, the in vitro antiplasmodial property of these four plants was evaluated. All experiments were conducted on methanolic extracts performed on selected organ parts of these plants. Methods The methanolic extracts, obtained by maceration, were firstly screened in vitro against the chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum strains by the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and on human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells by the MTT assay to determine their selectivity indices (SI). Secondly, the antioxidant activity of the same extracts was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Finally, the presence of specific phytochemical constituents was evaluated using standard methods and tentatively identified by GC-MS. Results An optimum antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 3.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL, for 3D7, SI = 58.2; IC50 = 7 ± 1.0 μg/mL, for W2, SI = 28.3) was obtained with the leave extract of P. chevalieri. The leaves (for F. stigmatoloba and H. repandum), and the aerial part (for H. repandum) extracts showed promising and moderate antiplasmodial activities against respectively the 3D7 strain (IC50: <15 μg/mL), and W2 strain (IC50:15-50 μg/mL). All extracts presented a weak cytotoxic effect (IC50: >100 μg/mL) on HaCat cells. For the antioxidant test, the most interesting activity was obtained with the leaf extract of P. chevalieri. The GC-MS analysis of these four plants species extracts revealed the presence of various compounds, such as Ethyl 2-nonenoate, 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6-trimethyl pyrazine, Palmitic Acid, Ethyl palmitate, Ethyl linolenate, and N-Acetyltyramine. Conclusion Based on the obtained results, P. chevalieri could be selected for further investigations or ⁄and for the management of malaria after standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Manya Mboni
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Faes
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Fraselle
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquée, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ERBO, 03 BP. 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Bakari Amuri Salvius
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kahumba Byanga Joseph
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pierre Duez
- Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et de Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lumbu Simbi Jean-Baptiste
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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25
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Biharee A, Yadav A, Jangid K, Singh Y, Kulkarni S, Sawant DM, Kumar P, Thareja S, Jain AK. Flavonoids as promising anticancer agents: an in silico investigation of ADMET, binding affinity by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7835-7846. [PMID: 36165610 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most concerning diseases to humankind. Various treatment strategies are being employed for its treatment, out of which use of natural products is an essential one. Flavonoids have proven to be promising anticancer targets since decades. Also, tubulin is a significant biological target for the development of anticancer agents due to its crucial role in mitosis and abundance throughout the body. In the current study, in silico ADMET parameters of 104 flavonoids were examined, followed by molecular docking with the colchicine binding site of Tubulin protein (PDB; Id 4O2B). The best conformation from each flavonoid subcategory with the best docking score (MolDock score) was further subjected to 100 ns of molecular dynamics to investigate the protein-ligand complex's stability. Different parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, rGy and SASA were calculated for the six flavonoids using molecular dynamic studies. The top most compound from all the six subcategories of flavonoids elicited best behavior in the colchicine binding site of Tubulin protein. This in silico study employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation provides strong evidence for flavonoids to be excellent anti-tubulin agents for the treatment of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Biharee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arpita Yadav
- R.K. College of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Akhlesh Kumar Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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26
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de Luna FCF, Ferreira WAS, Casseb SMM, de Oliveira EHC. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: An Overview with an Emphasis on Tangeretin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1229. [PMID: 37765037 PMCID: PMC10537037 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds with pharmacological activity, flavonoids have been the subject of an exponential increase in studies in the field of scientific research focused on therapeutic purposes due to their bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antibacterial, antiviral, neuroprotective, radioprotective, and antitumor activities. The biological potential of flavonoids, added to their bioavailability, cost-effectiveness, and minimal side effects, direct them as promising cytotoxic anticancer compounds in the optimization of therapies and the search for new drugs in the treatment of cancer, since some extensively antineoplastic therapeutic approaches have become less effective due to tumor resistance to drugs commonly used in chemotherapy. In this review, we emphasize the antitumor properties of tangeretin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits that has shown activity against some hallmarks of cancer in several types of cancerous cell lines, such as antiproliferative, apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, regulatory expression of tumor-suppressor genes, and epigenetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
| | - Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
| | | | - Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SEAMB), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), BR 316, KM 7, s/n, Levilândia, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil; (W.A.S.F.); (E.H.C.d.O.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correa, 01, Belém 66075-990, Brazil
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27
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Grudzień M, Pawlak A, Tronina T, Kutkowska J, Kruszyńska A, Popłoński J, Huszcza E, Rapak A. The Effect of Xanthohumol Derivatives on Apoptosis Induction in Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11724. [PMID: 37511484 PMCID: PMC10380916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can interfere with the initiation, promotion, and progression phase of carcinogenesis via a variety of inhibitory mechanisms. Xanthohumol was reported as an effective agent against leukemia/lymphoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of xanthohumol and its natural and semisynthetic derivatives against various canine leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Xanthohumol, three hops minor prenylflavonoids (xanthohumol C, xanthohumol D, α,β-dihydroxanthohumol) and four derivatives obtained by biotransformation (xanthohumol 4'-O-β-D-(4‴-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside) as well as by chemical modification (1″,2″-dihydroxanthohumol K, 2,3-dehydroisoxanthohumol, (Z)-6,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7-prenylaurone) were tested for their antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities against the following canine leukemia/lymphoma cell lines: CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma), CLB70 (B-cell leukemia), and GL-1 (B-cell leukemia). The compounds were tested at a final concentration range of 0.1-30 µM for 48 h. All eight of the tested flavonoids exerted concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in the selected canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines. Three compounds markedly decreased the viability of all cell lines with IC50 in the range of 0.5 to 8 μM. Double-staining of the treated cells with AnnexinV and propidium iodide revealed that the dying cells were mostly in the late apoptosis stage. ROS production and changes in mitochondrial potential were detected. Western blot analysis showed a decreased expression of Bcl-2. Canine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines are sensitive to xanthohumol derivatives, and the compounds acted through an apoptotic cell-death mechanism. These compounds, either used alone or in combination with other therapies, may be useful for the treatment of canine leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grudzień
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kutkowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Caleffi GS, Rosa AS, de Souza LG, Avelar JLS, Nascimento SMR, de Almeida VM, Tucci AR, Ferreira VN, da Silva AJM, Santos-Filho OA, Miranda MD, Costa PRR. Aurones: A Promising Scaffold to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1536-1549. [PMID: 37257024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a small subgroup of flavonoids in which the basic C6-C3-C6 skeleton is arranged as (Z)-2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one. These compounds are structural isomers of flavones and flavonols, natural products reported as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of a series of 25 aurones bearing different oxygenated groups (OH, OCH3, OCH2OCH3, OCH2O, OCF2H, and OCH2C6H4R) at the A- and/or B-rings using cell-based screening assays. We observed that 12 of the 25 compounds exhibit EC50 < 3 μM (8e, 8h, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8p, 8q, 8r, 8w, 8x, and 8y), of which five presented EC50 < 1 μM (8h, 8m, 8p, 8q, and 8w) without evident cytotoxic effect in Calu-3 cells. The substitution of the A- and/or B-ring with OCH3, OCH2OCH3, and OCF2H groups seems beneficial for the antiviral activity, while the corresponding phenolic derivatives showed a significant decrease in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The most potent compound of the series, aurone 8q (EC50 = 0.4 μM, SI = 2441.3), is 2 to 3 times more effective than the polyphenolic flavonoids myricetin (2) and baicalein (1), respectively. Investigation of the five more active compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro based on molecular dynamic calculations suggested that these aurones should detach from the active site of 3CLpro, and, probably, they could bind to another SARS-CoV-2 protein target (either receptor or enzyme).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice S Rosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda R Tucci
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Ferreira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milene D Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Lu L, Cao S, Li Z, Huang J, Jiang Y, Deng C, Liu Z, Liu Z. Adsorption and desorption of flavonoids on activated carbon impregnated with different metal ions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19235-19242. [PMID: 37377866 PMCID: PMC10291256 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03476c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four metal ions Mg2+, Al3+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ were loaded on the surface of activated carbon by an impregnation method coupled with high-temperature calcination to prepare modified activated carbon. Scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and pore size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate the structure and morphology of the modified activated carbon. The findings show that the modified activated carbon had a large microporous structure and high specific surface area, both of which significantly improved absorbability. This study also investigated the adsorption and desorption kinetics of the prepared activated carbon for three flavonoids with representative structures. The adsorption amounts of quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin in the blank activated carbon reached 920.24 mg g-1, 837.07 mg g-1, and 677.37 mg g-1, while for activated carbon impregnated with Mg, the adsorption amounts reached 976.34 mg g-1, 963.39 mg g-1, and 817.98 mg g-1, respectively; however, the desorption efficiencies of the three flavonoids varied a lot. The differences in desorption rates of naringenin as compared with quercetin and luteolin in the blank activated carbon were 40.13% and 46.22%, respectively, and the difference in desorption rates increased to 78.46% and 86.93% in the activated carbon impregnated with Al. The differences provide a basis for the application of this type of activated carbon in the selective enrichment and separation of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Shuang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Zhexuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Jingdan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Yukai Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Changyong Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Wuhan WUYAO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Grand Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China Grand Enterprises Inc., Wuhan Optics Valley International Biomedical Industry Base Gaokeyuan No. 693 Wuhan China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Xiongchu Avenue, No. 693 Wuhan China
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30
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Wu Y, He Y, Luo H, Jin T, He F. AIEE-Active Flavones as a Promising Tool for the Real-Time Tracking of Uptake and Distribution in Live Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10183. [PMID: 37373329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) molecules have shown great potential for applications in the fields of bio-detection, imaging, optoelectronic devices, and chemical sensing. Based on our previous studies, we investigated the fluorescence properties of six flavonoids and confirmed that compounds 1-3 have good aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties through a series of spectroscopic experiments. Compounds with AIEE properties have addressed the limitation imposed by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of classic organic dyes owing to their strong fluorescence emission and high quantum yield. Based on their excellent fluorescence properties, we evaluated their performance in the cell and we found that they could label mitochondria specifically by comparing their Pearson correlation coefficients (R) with Mito Tracker Red and Lyso-Tracker Red. This suggests their future application in mitochondrial imaging. Furthermore, studies of uptake and distribution characterization in 48 hpf zebrafish larvae revealed their potential for monitoring real-time drug behavior. The uptake of compounds by larvae varies significantly across different time cycles (between uptake and utilization in the tissue). This observation has important implications for the development of visualization techniques for pharmacokinetic processes and can enable real-time feedback. More interestingly, according to the data presented, tested compounds aggregated in the liver and intestine of 168 hpf larvae. This finding suggests that they could potentially be used for monitoring and diagnosing liver and intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiqing Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Jeong SH, Kim HH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Park KI, Kim E, Heo JD, Kim HW, Ahn M, Seong JK, Kim GS. Flavones: The Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer of Three Flavones Selected as Therapeutic Candidate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119240. [PMID: 37298192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread but dangerous disease that can strike anyone and is the second 1leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer, in particular, is a prevalent cancer that occurs in men, and much research is being done on its treatment. Although chemical drugs are effective, they have various side effects, and accordingly, anticancer drugs using natural products are emerging. To date, many natural candidates have been discovered, and new drugs are being developed as drugs to treat prostate cancer. Representative candidate compounds that have been studied to be effective in prostate cancer include apigenin, acacetin and tangeretin of the flavone family among flavonoids. In this review, we look at the effects of these three flavones on prostate cancer cells via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in addition to the existing drugs, we suggest the three flavones and their effectiveness as natural anticancer agents, a treatment model for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyo Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Duan H, Zhang R, Yuan L, Liu Y, Asikaer A, Liu Y, Shen Y. Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina acting on pancreatic cancer via network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13971-13984. [PMID: 37181515 PMCID: PMC10167735 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors and also has a low survival rate. The dried spines of Gleditsia sinensis Lam are known as "Gleditsiae Spina" and they mostly contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, steroids, and other chemical components. In this study, the potential active components and molecular mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina for treating pancreatic cancer were systematically revealed by network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs). RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were common targets of Gleditsiae Spina, human cytomegalovirus infection signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and MAPK signaling pathway were critical pathways of fisetin, eriodyctiol, kaempferol and quercetin in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) results showed that eriodyctiol and kaempferol have long-term stable hydrogen bonds and high binding free energy for TP53 (-23.64 ± 0.03 kcal mol-1 and -30.54 ± 0.02 kcal mol-1, respectively). Collectively, our findings identify active components and potential targets in Gleditsiae Spina for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which may help to explore leading compounds and potential drugs for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Duan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 405400 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital 550002 Guiyang China
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 405400 China
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 405400 China
| | - Aiminuer Asikaer
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 405400 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital 550002 Guiyang China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 405400 China
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Wang H, Chen L, Yang B, Du J, Chen L, Li Y, Guo F. Structures, Sources, Identification/Quantification Methods, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Products of Isorhamnetin Glycosides as Phytonutrients. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081947. [PMID: 37111165 PMCID: PMC10143801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, people have tended to consume phytonutrients and nutrients in their daily diets. Isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs) are an essential class of flavonoids derived from dietary and medicinal plants such as Opuntia ficus-indica, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Ginkgo biloba. This review summarizes the structures, sources, quantitative and qualitative analysis technologies, health benefits, bioaccessibility, and marketed products of IGs. Routine and innovative assay methods, such as IR, TLC, NMR, UV, MS, HPLC, UPLC, and HSCCC, have been widely used for the characterization and quantification of IGs. All of the therapeutic effects of IGs discovered to date are collected and discussed in this study, with an emphasis on the relevant mechanisms of their health-promoting effects. IGs exhibit diverse biological activities against cancer, diabetes, hepatic diseases, obesity, and thrombosis. They exert therapeutic effects through multiple networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Owing to these benefits, IGs could be utilized to make foods and functional foods. IGs exhibit higher bioaccessibility and plasma concentrations and longer average residence time in blood than aglycones. Overall, IGs as phytonutrients are very promising and have excellent application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Binrui Yang
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrition Science, Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ma EZ, Khachemoune A. Flavonoids and their therapeutic applications in skin diseases. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:321-331. [PMID: 36129522 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenols found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, teas, and flowers. These compounds are present in many common dietary sources, such as green tea, wine, pomegranates, and turmeric, and possess a broad spectrum of biological activity due to their unique chemical structure. Flavonoids exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties that have been widely studied as potential therapeutics for diseases ranging from Alzheimer's disease to liver disease. There is currently significant research into therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in various skin conditions as these compounds have been shown to absorb ultraviolet radiation and modulate cancer and inflammation signaling pathways. This review discusses the current research in the application of flavonoids in skin diseases (e.g., prevention of premature photoaging, prevention and treatment of skin cancer, and promotion of skin wound healing) and their proposed mechanisms to provide a basis for future basic and translational research of flavonoids as potential drugs in the prevention and treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Brooklyn Campus of the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenols found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, teas, and flowers. These compounds are present in many common dietary sources, such as green tea, wine, pomegranates, and turmeric, and possess a broad spectrum of biological activity due to their unique chemical structure. Flavonoids exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties that have been widely studied as potential therapeutics for diseases ranging from Alzheimer's disease to liver disease. There is currently significant research into therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in various skin conditions as these compounds have been shown to absorb ultraviolet radiation and modulate cancer and inflammation signaling pathways. This review discusses the current research in the application of flavonoids in skin diseases (e.g., prevention of premature photoaging, prevention and treatment of skin cancer, and promotion of skin wound healing) and their proposed mechanisms to provide a basis for future basic and translational research of flavonoids as potential drugs in the prevention and treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Brooklyn Campus of the VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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36
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Wang R, Fu Y, Ma R, Jin H, Zhao W. Total Synthesis of Lineaflavones A, C, D, and Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052373. [PMID: 36903616 PMCID: PMC10005778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of lineaflavones A, C, D, and their analogues has been accomplished. The key synthetic steps include aldol/oxa-Michael/dehydration sequence reactions to assemble the tricyclic core, Claisen rearrangement and Schenck ene reaction to construct the key intermediate, and selective substitution or elimination of tertiary allylic alcohol to obtain natural compounds. In addition, we also explored five new routes to synthesize fifty-three natural product analogues, which can contribute to a systematic structure-activity relationship during biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (W.Z.)
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Stężycka O, Frańska M, Beszterda-Buszczak M. Exploring Glycosylated Soy Isoflavones Affinities toward G-tetrads as Studied by Survival Yield Method. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300056. [PMID: 36861944 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Taking soy-based food supplements for menopausal symptoms by women may reduce the risk of cancer. Therefore, the interaction between nucleic acids (or their constituents) and ingredients of the supplements, e. g., isoflavone glucosides, on the molecular level, has been of interest with respect to cancer therapy. In this work, the interaction between isoflavone glucosides and G-tetrads, namely [4G+Na]+ ions (G stands for guanosine or deoxyguanosine), were analyzed by using electrospray ionization-collision induced dissociation-mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS) and survival yields method. The strength of isoflavone glucosides-[4G+Na]+ interaction in the gas phase was determined from Ecom50 - the energy required to fragment 50 % of selected precursor ions. Glycitin-[4G+Na]+ interaction was found to be the strongest, and the interaction between isoflavone glucosides and guanosine tetrad was established to be stronger than that between isoflavone glucosides and deoxyguanosine tetrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stężycka
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Beszterda-Buszczak
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Mazowiecka 48, 60-623, Poznań, Poland
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Liu M, Zhang G, Zhou K, Wen J, Zheng F, Sun L, Ren X. Structural characterization, antioxidant activity, and the effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides on the solubility and stability of flavonoids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115368. [PMID: 37001273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula (CP) possesses properties related to nourishing the spleen and stomach, and tonifying Qi of the stomach and mind in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPPS), which are the primary active components of CP, are thought to be in charge of their extensive use. Rutin, quercetin, luteoloside, and luteolin, are common and pharmacologically significant flavonoids with many pharmacological activities, but their oral bioavailability is limited by poor solubility and stability. In this study, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) estimated the molecular weight of CPPS to be 9.7 × 105 Da. Sugar analysis revealed that CPPS is composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-xylose with a molar ratio of 5.8:1.9:1.0. Moreover, the antioxidant test showed that CPPS had good antioxidant activity. It is worth noting that CPPS integrated the four flavonoids to form a spongy compound that significantly increased the solubilities and stabilities of flavonoids. The bonding constants of the CPPS and flavonoid-derived inclusion complexes ranged from 60 L mol-1 to 2,030,816 L mol-1, which demonstrated the capacity of CPPS to interact with flavonoids intermolecularly to form a drug complex system, resulting in potentially enhanced biopharmaceutical properties of flavonoids. This finding could provide a reference point for further applications of polysaccharides from herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinli Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Santin (5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,4'-Trimetoxy-Flavone) Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020592. [PMID: 36836951 PMCID: PMC9962120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) has the ability to selectively kill cancer cells without being toxic to normal cells. This endogenous ligand plays an important role in surveillance and anti-tumor immunity. However, numerous tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, the apoptotic effect of santin in combination with TRAIL on colon cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and expression of death receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5). Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by DePsipher staining with the use of fluorescence microscopy. We have shown for the first time that flavonoid santin synergizes with TRAIL to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Santin induced TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through increased expression of death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and augmented disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in SW480 and SW620 cancer cells. The obtained data may indicate the potential role of santin in colon cancer chemoprevention through the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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An S, Hwang SY, Gong J, Ahn S, Park IG, Oh S, Chin YW, Noh M. Computational Prediction of the Phenotypic Effect of Flavonoids on Adiponectin Biosynthesis. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:856-869. [PMID: 36716271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In silico machine learning applications for phenotype-based screening have primarily been limited due to the lack of machine-readable data related to disease phenotypes. Adiponectin, a nuclear receptor (NR)-regulated adipocytokine, is relatively downregulated in human metabolic diseases. Here, we present a machine-learning model to predict the adiponectin-secretion-promoting activity of flavonoid-associated phytochemicals (FAPs). We modeled a structure-activity relationship between the chemical similarity of FAPs and their bioactivities using a random forest-based classifier, which provided the NR activity of each FAP as a probability. To link the classifier-predicted NR activity to the phenotype, we next designed a single-cell transcriptomics-based multiple linear regression model to generate the relative adiponectin score (RAS) of FAPs. In experimental validation, estimated RAS values of FAPs isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis exhibited a significant correlation with their adiponectin-secretion-promoting activity. The combined cheminformatics and bioinformatics approach enables the computational reconstruction of phenotype-based screening systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Young Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Gong
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Guk Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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41
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Wang H, Ma JX, Wu DM, Gao N, Si J, Cui BK. Identifying Bioactive Ingredients and Antioxidant Activities of Wild Sanghuangporus Species of Medicinal Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020242. [PMID: 36836356 PMCID: PMC9959451 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporus refers to a group of rare medicinal fungi with remarkable therapeutic properties. However, current knowledge on the bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activities of different species of this genus is limited. In this study, a total of 15 wild strains from 8 species of Sanghuangporus were selected as the experimental materials for identification of the bioactive components (polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and ascorbic acid) and antioxidant activities (scavenging activities against hydroxyl, superoxide, DPPH, and ABTS radicals; superoxide dismutase activity; and ferric reducing ability of plasma). Notably, individual strains contained different levels of various indicators, among which Sanghuangporus baumii Cui 3573, S. sanghuang Cui 14419 and Cui 14441, S. vaninii Dai 9061, and S. zonatus Dai 10841 displayed the strongest activities. The correlation analysis of bioactive ingredients and antioxidant activities revealed that the antioxidant capacity of Sanghuangporus is mainly associated with the contents of flavonoid and ascorbic acid, followed by polyphenol and triterpenoid, and finally, polysaccharide. Together, the results obtained from the comprehensive and systematic comparative analyses contribute further potential resources and critical guidance for the separation, purification, and further development and utilization of bioactive agents from wild Sanghuangporus species, as well as the optimization of their artificial cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Neng Gao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Bao-Kai Cui
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (B.-K.C.)
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42
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Kumar RM, Kumar H, Bhatt T, Jain R, Panchal K, Chaurasiya A, Jain V. Fisetin in Cancer: Attributes, Developmental Aspects, and Nanotherapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:196. [PMID: 37259344 PMCID: PMC9961076 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality, globally. Cancerous cells invade normal cells and metastasize to distant sites with the help of the lymphatic system. There are several mechanisms involved in the development and progression of cancer. Several treatment strategies including the use of phytoconstituents have evolved and been practiced for better therapeutic outcomes against cancer. Fisetin is one such naturally derived flavone that offers numerous pharmacological benefits, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer properties. It inhibits the rapid growth, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumors by hindering the multiplication of cancer cells, and prompts apoptosis by avoiding cell division related to actuation of caspase-9 and caspase-8. However, its poor bioavailability associated with its extreme hydrophobicity hampers its clinical utility. The issues related to fisetin delivery can be addressed by adapting to the developmental aspects of nanomedicines, such as formulating it into lipid or polymer-based systems, including nanocochleates and liposomes. This review aims to provide in-depth information regarding fisetin as a potential candidate for anticancer therapy, its properties and various formulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna M. Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Kanan Panchal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
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Hlongwane MM, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka NS, Dakora FD. The Potential of Rhizobacteria to Mitigate Abiotic Stress in Lessertia frutescens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:196. [PMID: 36616325 PMCID: PMC9824651 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. The curative ability of the medicinal plant is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including amino acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. A literature review of some of the phytochemical compounds, particularly amino acids, in L. frutescens shows a steady decrease in concentration over the years. The reduction of the phytochemical compounds and diminishing biological activities may be attributed to drought and salt stress, which South Africa has been grappling with over the years. Canavanine, a phytochemical which is associated with the anticancer activity of L. frutescens, reduced slightly when the plant was subjected to salt stress. Like other legumes, L. frutescens forms a symbiotic relationship with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which facilitate plant growth and development. Studies employing commercial plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance growth and biological activities in L. frutescens have been successfully carried out. Furthermore, alleviation of drought and salt stress in medicinal plants through inoculation with plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria is well documented and effective. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to alleviate the effect of salt and drought in Lessertia frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Mamelodi Campus, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Comparative Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Key Secondary Metabolites Associated with High Quality and Nutritional Value in Broad Bean ( Vicia faba L.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248995. [PMID: 36558128 PMCID: PMC9787534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality and nutritional benefits are ultimately the desirable features that influence the commercial value and market share of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Different cultivars vary greatly in taste, flavor, and nutrition. However, the molecular basis of these traits remains largely unknown. Here, the grain metabolites of the superior Chinese landrace Cixidabaican (CX) were detected by a widely targeted metabolomics approach and compared with the main cultivar Lingxiyicun (LX) from Japan. The analyses of global metabolic variations revealed a total of 149 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified between these two genotypes. Among them, 84 and 65 were up- and down-regulated in CX compared with LX. Most of the DAMs were closely related to healthy eating substances known for their antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, and some others were involved in the taste formation. The KEGG-based classification further revealed that these DAMs were significantly enriched in 21 metabolic pathways, particularly in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. The differences in key secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acid derivates, and alkaloids, may lead to more nutritional value in a healthy diet and better adaptability for the seed germination of CX. The present results provide important insights into the taste/quality-forming mechanisms and contributes to the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources for breeding broad bean with superior eating quality.
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Hsu CM, Lin JJ, Su JH, Liu CI. 13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2276-2285. [PMID: 36416062 PMCID: PMC9704080 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2145489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 13-Acetoxysarcocrasside, isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule Moser (Alcyoniidae), has biological activity and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms underlying apoptosis induced by 13-acetoxysarcocrasside in HA22T and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTT and morphology assays were employed to assess the anti-proliferative effects of 13-acetoxysarcocrasside (1-5 μM). TUNEL/DAPI staining and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining were used to detect apoptosis. Cells were treated with13-acetoxysarcocrassolide (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM) for 24 h, and the mechanism of cells apoptotic was detected by western blotting. Cells treated with DMSO were the control. RESULTS Survival of the cells decreased with the addition of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide, and at 4 μM cell survival was inhibited by approximately 40%. After treatment of cells with 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide, the incidence of early/late apoptosis to be 0.3%/0.5%∼5.4%/22.7% for HA22T cells, in the HePG2 cells were 0.6%/0.2%∼14.4%/23.7%. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved-PARP-1, cytochrome c, and p-4EBP1 increased with an increasing concentration of 13-acetoxysarcocrasside (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM), whereas that of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, p-Bad, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-70S6K, p-S6, p-eIF4E, and p-eIF4B decreased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis induced by 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide in HA22T and HepG2 cells is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. The potential of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide as a chemotherapeutic agent should be further assessed for use in human hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Hsu
- Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Department of Research & Development, Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Department of Science Education, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Hoang DH, Song M, Kovale LM, Tran QH, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Beta-naphthoflavone and doxorubicin synergistically enhance apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by inducing doxorubicin accumulation, mitochondrial ROS generation, and JNK pathway signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Emam HE, Abdelhameed RM. Separation of anthocyanin from roselle extract by cationic nano-rode ZIF-8 constructed using removable template. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Flavones: Six Selected Flavones and Their Related Signaling Pathways That Induce Apoptosis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810965. [PMID: 36142874 PMCID: PMC9505532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a horrific disease that, to date, has no cure. It is caused by various factors and takes many lives. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism and if it does not function correctly in cancer cells, it can lead to severe disease. There are various signaling pathways for regulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are non-artificial natural bioactive compounds that are gaining attention as being capable of for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Among these, in this study, we focus on flavones. Flavones are a subclass of the numerous available flavonoids and possess several bioactive functions. Some of the most reported and well-known critical flavones, namely apigenin, acacetin, baicalein, luteolin, tangeretin, and wogonin, are discussed in depth in this review. Our main aim is to investigate the effects of the selected flavones on apoptosis and cell signaling pathways that contribute to death due to various types of cancers.
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Park N, Cho SD, Chang MS, Kim GH. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of Ruby S apple peel using the response surface method. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1667-1678. [PMID: 36312999 PMCID: PMC9596659 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from Ruby S apple peel by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The effect of extraction temperature (20–40 °C), extraction time (15–45 min), and ethanol concentration (50–90%) in water on extraction yield, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity of Ruby S peel extracts (RPEs) were investigated. The optimized extraction conditions that maximized extraction yield, TPC, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging ability, were temperature 20 °C, extraction time 25.30 min, and ethanol concentration 50%. The validity of designed model was verified, and experimental values obtained under optimum conditions concurred with predicted values. Hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and phloridzin, were among the major flavonoids extracted. Our findings demonstrate the suitability of UAE and RSM for the optimization of Ruby S peel extraction and suggest the potential use of RPEs as bioactive functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaYeong Park
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Duk Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Chang
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Republic of Korea
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Lima Bezerra JJ, Johanes I, Vieira Pinheiro AA. Anticancer potential and toxicity of the genus Handroanthus Mattos (Bignoniaceae): A systematic review. Toxicon 2022; 217:131-142. [PMID: 35998713 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The genus Handroanthus Mattos (Bignoniaceae) is widely used for the treatment of cancer in traditional medicine in Brazil and other South American countries. The anticancer potential of species of this genus has been reported in the literature, indicating that their chemical compounds may be effective against different tumor cell lines. In this perspective, the present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of ethnobotanical, pharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological information on Handroanthus species related to cancer treatment. Searches were conducted in the Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect® and SciELO databases. A total of 78 articles published in the last thirty-two years (1990-2022) were eligible and included in the review. According to the scientific documents analyzed, five species of Handroanthus are widely used for the treatment of cancer in the traditional medicine of Brazil and other South American countries, including Bolivia and Argentina. The bark (88%) is the main part used in traditional preparations. Extracts and fractions from Handroanthus showed cytotoxicity against the following tumor cell lines: HL-60, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HT-29, HCT-8, HCT-116, HEp-2, HepG2, CACO-2, SF-295, NCI-H292, NCI-H460, HeLa, and OVCAR-8. β-Lapachone, a naphthoquinone isolated from some species of this genus, is the most investigated compound for anticancer potential and has proved effective against some lung cancer cell lines (CL1-1, CL1-5 and A549). Results related to toxicological studies were not conclusive, considering that some extracts and compounds isolated from plants of this genus may present some degree of toxicity depending on the time of use and the concentration/dose used. Thus, despite the promising effects against various cancer cell lines, caution is needed when making use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Av. da Engenharia, S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Isabella Johanes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Av. da Engenharia, S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Angel Vieira Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa Em Fármacos e Medicamentos - IpeFarM, Cidade Universitária, 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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