1
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Tahghighi A, Azerang P. Click chemistry beyond metal-catalyzed cycloaddition as a remarkable tool for green chemical synthesis of antifungal medications. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14555. [PMID: 38862260 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Click chemistry is widely used for the efficient synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole, a well-known scaffold with widespread biological activity in the pharmaceutical sciences. In recent years, this magic ring has attracted the attention of scientists for its potential in designing and synthesizing new antifungal agents. Despite scientific and medical advances, fungal infections still account for more than 1.5 million deaths globally per year, especially in people with compromised immune function. This increasing trend is definitely related to a raise in the incidence of fungal infections and prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. In this condition, an urgent need for new alternative antifungals is undeniable. By focusing on the main aspects of reaction conditions in click chemistry, this review was conducted to classify antifungal 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole hybrids based on their chemical structures and introduce the most effective triazole antifungal derivatives. It was notable that in all reactions studied, Cu(I) catalysts generated in situ by the reduction in Cu(II) salts or used copper(I) salts directly, as well as mixed solvents of t-BuOH/H2O and DMF/H2O had most application in the synthesis of triazole ring. The most effective antifungal activity was also observed in fluconazole analogs containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety and benzo-fused five/six-membered heterocyclic conjugates with a 1,2,3-triazole ring, even with better activity than fluconazole. The findings of structure-activity relationship and molecular docking of antifungal derivatives synthesized with copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) could offer medicinal chemistry scientists valuable data on designing and synthesizing novel triazole antifungals with more potent biological activities in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Tahghighi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Myakala N, Kandula K, Rayala N, Kuna S, Thumma V, Durga Bhavani Anagani K. Design, Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Pendent Quinazolinones and Their Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 Cell Line. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300800. [PMID: 37708234 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A library of 6-(((1-(substitutedphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl) amino)-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one analogues synthesized from Isatin precursor through a series of nitration, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization and click reaction. The structures of compounds were characterized by spectral data including IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass. The novel quinazolinone - 1,2,3-triazoles were screened for their cytotoxicity against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 by MTT assay. 4-Isopropyl and 2-bromo substituted analogues executed high activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 10.16±0.07 μM and 11.23±0.20 μM compared to the Doxorubicin whose IC50 value is 10.81±0.03 μM. The activity of remaining compounds is good to moderate. Further, the molecular docking studies against the crystal structure of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor delivered the best binding energies and the interactions such as H-bond and hydrophobic are inevitable. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties results showed that these compounds have more drug likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Myakala
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kotaiah Kandula
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Nagamani Rayala
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sateesh Kuna
- Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Keesara, Ranga Reddy, 501301, Telangana, India
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College, Hyderabad, 500059, Telangana, India
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3
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Molnar M, Gazivoda Kraljević T, Pavić V, Rastija V, Komar M. Environmentally Friendly Approach to the Synthesis of 3-[Benzylideneamino]-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one Derivatives and Calculation of Their Toxicity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300575. [PMID: 37417922 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Application of deep eutectic solvents in synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds was proven very efficient. These solvents are a new generation of green solvents showing excellent potential for different purposes, where they are used as environmentally acceptable substitute for toxic and volatile organic solvents. This research describes their application in the synthesis of series of quinazolinone Schiff bases in combination with microwave, ultrasound-assisted and mechanochemical methods. First, a model reaction was performed in 20 different deep eutectic solvents to find the best solvent and then reaction conditions (solvent, temperature and reaction time) were optimized for each method. Afterwards, 40 different quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized in choline chloride/malonic acid (1 : 1) DES by each method and compared by their yields. Here we show that deep eutectic solvents can be very efficient in the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives as an excellent substitution for volatile organic solvents. With green chemistry approach in mind, we have also performed a calculation on compounds' toxicity and solubility, showing that most of them possess toxic and mutagenic properties with low water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Gazivoda Kraljević
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Rastija
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Komar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
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4
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Zhan F, Zhu J, Xie S, Xu J, Xu S. Advances of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115338. [PMID: 37037138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have garnered considerable interest due to their high substrate selectivity and less restrictive reaction conditions. During recent decades, bioorthogonal coupling reactions have emerged as powerful tools in drug development. This review describes the current applications of bioorthogonal coupling reactions in compound library building mediated by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and in situ click chemistry or conjunction with other techniques; druggability optimization with 1,2,3-triazole groups; and intracellular self-assembly platforms with ring tension reactions, which are presented from the viewpoint of drug development. There is a reasonable prospect that bioorthogonal coupling reactions will accelerate the screening of lead compounds, the designing strategies of small molecules and expand the variety of designed compounds, which will be a new trend in drug development in the future.
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5
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Francis D, Farooque S, Meager A, Derks D, Leggott A, Warriner S, O'Neill AJ, Nelson A. Algorithm-driven activity-directed expansion of a series of antibacterial quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9672-9678. [PMID: 36448404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Activity-directed synthesis (ADS) is a structure-blind, function driven approach that can drive the discovery of bioactive small molecules. In ADS, arrays of reactions are designed and executed, and the crude product mixtures are then directly screened to identify reactions that yield bioactive products. The design of subsequent reaction arrays is then informed by the hit reactions that are discovered. In this study, algorithms for reaction array design were developed in which the reactions to be executed were selected from a large set of virtual reactions; the reactions were selected on the basis of similarity to reactions known to yield bioactive products. The algorithms were harnessed to design arrays of photoredox-catalysed alkylation reactions whose crude products were then screened for inhibition of growth of S. aureus ATCC29213. It was demonstrated that the approach enabled expansion of a series of antibacterial quinazolinones. It is envisaged that such algorithms could ultimately enable fully autonomous activity-directed molecular discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Francis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sannia Farooque
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Archie Meager
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Didi Derks
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Abbie Leggott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alex J O'Neill
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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6
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Wang H, Liu Z, Yang Q, Wang Y, Chen Y, Bao Y, Zhu H. Quinazoline-Assisted Acylation with Aldehydes through Pd(II)-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Deng C, Yan H, Wang J, Liu K, Liu BS, Shi YM. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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N2,N6-Bis(6-iodo-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A green chemistry method was applied in the synthesis of N2,N6-bis(6-iodo-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide. The desired compound was synthesized mechanochemically, using a choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent as a catalyst. The synthesis took 20 min and the new compound was characterized using different spectral methods.
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9
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Lengerli D, Ibis K, Nural Y, Banoglu E. The 1,2,3-triazole 'all-in-one' ring system in drug discovery: a good bioisostere, a good pharmacophore, a good linker, and a versatile synthetic tool. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1209-1236. [PMID: 36164263 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2129613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 1,2,3-triazole ring occupies an important space in medicinal chemistry due to its unique structural properties, synthetic versatility and pharmacological potential making it a critical scaffold. Since it is readily available through click chemistry for creating compound collections against various diseases, it has become an emerging area of interest for medicinal chemists. AREAS COVERED This review article addresses the unique properties of the1,2,3-triazole nucleus as an intriguing ring system in drug discovery while focusing on the most recent medicinal chemistry strategies exploited for the design and development of 1,2,3-triazole analogs as inhibitors of various biological targets. EXPERT OPINION Evidently, the 1,2,3-triazole ring with unique structural features has enormous potential in drug design against various diseases as a pharmacophore, a bioisoster or a structural platform. The most recent evidence indicates that it may be more emerging in drug molecules in near future along with an increasing understanding of its prominent roles in drug structures. The synthetic feasibility and versatility of triazole chemistry make it certainly ideal for creating compound libraries for more constructive structure-activity relationship studies. However, more comparative and target-specific studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the 1,2,3-triazole ring in molecular recognition.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Lengerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Ibis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Nural
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Antibacterial Activity of Allicin-Inspired Disulfide Derivatives against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911947. [PMID: 36233251 PMCID: PMC9569821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) belongs to the Gram-negative species, causing citrus canker that seriously affects the fruit yield and quality of many rutaceae plants. Herein, we found that compound 2-(butyldisulfanyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one exhibited remarkable anti-Xac activity in vitro with a half effective concentration (EC50) of 2.6 μg/mL, while the positive controls thiodiazole-copper with 57 μg/mL and bismerthiazol with 68 μg/mL and this compound showed great anti-citrus canker activity in vivo. This active compound also was confirmed to reduce biofilm formation, increase the level of reactive oxygen species, damage the morphological structure of the bacteria, and cause bacterial death. Proteomics and RT-qPCR analysis results indicated that this compound down-regulated the expression of enzymes in the MEP (2-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate) pathway and might achieve destructive ability of Xac. Overall, this study indicates that such derivatives could be a promising scaffold to develop novel bactericides to control citrus canker.
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11
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Gomaa HAM. A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in the Biological Activities of Quinazolines. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:639-655. [PMID: 35920244 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quinazoline heterocycles are critical in the development of medications. Quinazoline derivatives have been intensively researched, providing a wide range of compounds with diverse biological roles. The quinazoline nucleus has garnered a lot of attention in medical chemistry in recent years. It was assumed to be a pharmacophore component in the development of physiologically interesting drugs. This review is an attempt to increase the potential of quinazoline by highlighting a wide range of advancements demonstrated by numerous derivatives of the quinazoline moiety, as well as focusing on diverse pharmacological actions of the quinazoline moiety. This review compiles recent studies on the quinazoline moiety described in the literature by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Pérez-Fehrmann M, Kesternich V, Puelles A, Quezada V, Salazar F, Christen P, Castillo J, Cárcamo JG, Castro-Alvarez A, Nelson R. Synthesis, antitumor activity, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of new iodinated 4-(3 H)-quinazolinones 3 N-substituted. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21340-21352. [PMID: 35975048 PMCID: PMC9344282 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 6-iodo-2-methylquinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives, 3a–n, were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, and 3h showed remarkable cytotoxic activity on specific human cancer cell lines when compared to the anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Compound 3a was found to be particularly effective on promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma U937, with IC50 values of 21 and 30 μM, respectively. Compound 3d showed significant activity against cervical cancer HeLa (IC50 = 10 μM). The compounds 3e and 3h were strongly active against glioblastoma multiform tumour T98G, with IC50 values of 12 and 22 μM, respectively. These five compounds showed an interesting cytotoxic activity on four human cancer cell types of high incidence. The molecular docking results reveal a good correlation between experimental activity and calculated binding affinity on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Docking studies proved 3d as the most potent compound. In addition, the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis exhibited activities that may indicate the existence of electron-withdrawing and lipophilic groups at the para-position of the phenyl ring and hydrophobic interactions of the quinazolinic ring in the DHFR active site. New iodinated 4-(3H)-quinazolinones 3N-substituted with antitumor activity and 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Pérez-Fehrmann
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Víctor Kesternich
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Arturo Puelles
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Víctor Quezada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Fernanda Salazar
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
| | - Philippe Christen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Castillo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile
| | - Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia Chile.,Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR) Chile
| | - Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioproductos Farmacéuticos y Cosméticos, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera Av. Francisco Salazar 01145 Temuco 4780000 Chile.,Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago Chile
| | - Ronald Nelson
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte Av. Angamos 0610 Antofagasta 1270709 Chile
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13
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Li Z, Zhao L, Bian Y, Li Y, Qu J, Song F. The antibacterial activity of quinazoline and quinazolinone hybrids. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1035-1044. [PMID: 35255796 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220307144015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality across the world and pose serious threats to humankind. Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance resulting from different defensive mechanisms in bacteria, is the leading cause of failure the chemotherapy, making it an urgent need to develop more effective antibacterials. Quinazoline and quinazolinone frameworks have received considerable attention due to their diversified therapeutic potential. In particular, quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrids could exert antibacterial activity through various mechanisms and are useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterials. This review principally emphases on the antibacterial potential, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and mechanism of action of quinazoline and quinazolinone hybrids, covering articles published between 2017 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
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14
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Bhukta S, Samal SK, Vasudevan S, Sarveswari HB, Shanmugam K, Princy SA, Dandela R. A Prospective Diversity of Antibacterial Small Peptidomimetic and Quorum Sensing Mediated Drug: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swadhapriya Bhukta
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha India
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha India
| | - Sahana Vasudevan
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Hema Bhagavathi Sarveswari
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karthi Shanmugam
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Adline Princy
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha India
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15
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Honglin D, Xiaojie S, Lingling C, Hao W, Chao G, Zhengjie W, Limin L, Jiajie M, Fuqiang Y, Hongmin L, Yu K, Qiurong Z. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Quinazoline Derivatives Containing Thiazole Structure. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Poonia N, Lal K, Kumar A, Kumar A, Sahu S, Baidya ATK, Kumar R. Urea-thiazole/benzothiazole hybrids with a triazole linker: synthesis, antimicrobial potential, pharmacokinetic profile and in silico mechanistic studies. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2375-2391. [PMID: 34671895 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Some urea-thiazole/benzothiazole hybrids with a triazole linker were synthesized via Cu(I)-catalysed click reaction. After successfully analysed by various spectral techniques including FTIR, NMR and HRMS, antimicrobial screening of the synthesized hybrids along with their precursors was carried out against two Gram (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus endophyticus), two Gram (-) bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and two fungi (Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae). All the synthesized compounds (4a-4l) displayed better biological response than the standard fluconazole against both of the tested fungi. Compounds 4h and 4j were found to be the most active compounds against R. oryzae and C. albicans, respectively. Molecular docking of hybrid 4j and its alkyne precursor 1b in the active site of C. albicans target sterol 14-α demethylase was also performed and was also supported by molecular dynamics studies. In silico ADME prediction of synthesized urea-thiazole/benzothiazole hybrids with a triazole linker and their alkyne precursors was also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Poonia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Srikanta Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Anurag T K Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (B.H.U.), U.P., Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (B.H.U.), U.P., Varanasi, 221005, India
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Jeminejs A, Novosjolova I, Bizdēna Ē, Turks M. Nucleophile-nucleofuge duality of azide and arylthiolate groups in the synthesis of quinazoline and tetrazoloquinazoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7706-7723. [PMID: 34524320 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01315g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Arylthio-tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines (tautomers of 2-arylthio-4-azido-quinazolines) undergo facile nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with amines, alcohols and alkylthiols. This, combined with the recently reported arylsulfanyl group dance, provides straightforward access to 4-azido-2-N-, O-, S-substituted quinazolines and/or their tetrazolo tautomers from commercially available 2,4-dichloroquinazoline. The azidoazomethine-tetrazole tautomeric equilibrium and the electron-withdrawing character of the fused tetrazolo system plays a central role in the developed transformations. 5-Amino-substituted tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines undergo media-controlled tautomeric equilibrium, which permits them to demonstrate the reactivity traditionally associated with the azido substituent. Furthermore, a method for 5-O-substitited tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines from 2,4-diazidoquinazoline was developed during the structural elucidation of the substitution products. The developed methodology will facilitate medicinal chemistry investigations into quinazoline derivatives and the discovered fluorescent properties of some of the products (e.g., 4-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazoline: λem. = 461 nm, ΦDCM = 0.89) could serve as a starting point for their further applications in analytical and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Jeminejs
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Ērika Bizdēna
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Str. 3, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
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Non- β-Lactam Allosteric Inhibitors Target Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An In Silico Drug Discovery Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080934. [PMID: 34438984 PMCID: PMC8388891 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) catalyze the final stages for peptidoglycan cell-wall bio-synthesis. Mutations in the PBP2a subunit can attenuate β-lactam antibiotic activity, resulting in unimpeded cell-wall formation and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A double mutation in PBP2a (i.e., N146K and E150K) is resistant to β-lactam inhibitors; however, (E)-3-(2-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl) benzoic acid (QNZ), a heterocyclic antibiotic devoid of a β-lactam ring, interacts non-covalently with PBP2a allosteric site and inhibits PBP enzymatic activity. In the search for novel inhibitors that target this PBP2a allosteric site in acidic medium, an in silico screening was performed. Chemical databases including eMolecules, ChEMBL, and ChEBI were virtually screened for candidate inhibitors with a physicochemical similarity to QNZ. PBP2a binding affinities from the screening were calculated based on molecular docking with co-crystallized ligand QNZ serving as a reference. Molecular minimization calculations were performed for inhibitors with docking scores lower than QNZ (calc. −8.3 kcal/mol) followed by combined MD simulations and MM-GBSA binding energy calculations. Compounds eMol26313223 and eMol26314565 exhibited promising inhibitor activities based on binding affinities (ΔGbinding) that were twice that of QNZ (−38.5, −34.5, and −15.4 kcal/mol, respectively). Structural and energetic analyses over a 50 ns MD simulation revealed high stability for the inhibitors when complexed with the double mutated PBP2a. The pharmacokinetic properties of the two inhibitors were predicted using an in silico ADMET analysis. Calculated binding affinities hold promise for eMol26313223 and eMol26314565 as allosteric inhibitors of PBP2a in acidic medium and establish that further in vitro and in vivo inhibition experimentation is warranted.
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19
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Novosjolova I, Turks M, Jeminejs A, Goliškina SM, Stepanovs D, Bizdēna Ē. Application of Azide-Tetrazole Tautomerism and Arylsulfanyl Group Dance in the Synthesis of Thiosubstituted Tetrazoloquinazolines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 4-arylthio-2-chloroquinazolines and NaN3 takes place with an unusual sulfanyl group dance and leads to the formation of 5-(arylthio)tetrazolo[1,5-c]-quinazolines, which do not form the azide tautomer and do not undergo CuAAC reactions with alkynes. On the other hand, 5-azidotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline (formally described as 2,4-diazidoquinazoline) undergoes regioselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution with thiols at C5 and forms 5-(alkyl/arylthio)tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines, the structure of which has been proved by X-ray crystallography. The latter exist in tautomeric equilibrium with their 2-azidoquinazoline form, which provides possibility for copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, leading to the 4-alkyl/arylthio-2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)quinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Novosjolova
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University
| | - Andris Jeminejs
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University
| | - Svetlana M. Goliškina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University
| | | | - Ērika Bizdēna
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University
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20
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Chang M, Mahasenan KV, Hermoso JA, Mobashery S. Unconventional Antibacterials and Adjuvants. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:917-929. [PMID: 33512995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The need for new classes of antibacterials is genuine in light of the dearth of clinical options for the treatment of bacterial infections. The prodigious discoveries of antibiotics during the 1940s to 1970s, a period wistfully referred to as the Golden Age of Antibiotics, have not kept up in the face of emergence of resistant bacteria in the past few decades. There has been a renewed interest in old drugs, the repurposing of the existing antibiotics and pairing of synergistic antibiotics or of an antibiotic with an adjuvant. Notwithstanding, discoveries of novel classes of these life-saving drugs have become increasingly difficult, calling for new paradigms. We describe, herein, three strategies from our laboratories toward discoveries of new antibacterials and adjuvants using computational and multidisciplinary experimental methods. One approach targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), biosynthetic enzymes of cell-wall peptidoglycan, for discoveries of non-β-lactam inhibitors. Oxadiazoles and quinazolinones emerged as two structural classes out of these efforts. Several hundred analogs of these two classes of antibiotics have been synthesized and fully characterized in our laboratories. A second approach ventures into inhibition of allosteric regulation of cell-wall biosynthesis. The mechanistic details of allosteric regulation of PBP2a of Staphylococcus aureus, discovered in our laboratories, is outlined. The allosteric site in this protein is at 60 Å distance to the active site, whereby ligand binding at the former makes access to the latter by the substrate possible. We have documented that both quinazolinones and ceftaroline, a fifth-generation cephalosporin, bind to the allosteric site in manifestation of the antibacterial activity. Attempts at inhibition of the regulatory phosphorylation events identified three classes of antibacterial adjuvants and one class of antibacterials, the picolinamides. The chemical structures for these hits went through diversification by synthesis of hundreds of analogs. These analogs were characterized in various assays for identification of leads with adjuvant and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, we revisited the mechanism of bulgecins, a class of adjuvants discovered and abandoned in the 1980s. These compounds potentiate the activities of β-lactam antibiotics by the formation of bulges at the sites of septum formation during bacterial replication, which are points of structural weakness in the envelope. These bulges experience rupture, which leads to bacterial death. Bulgecin A inhibits the lytic transglycosylase Slt of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a likely transition-state mimetic for its turnover of the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Once damage to cell wall is inflicted by a β-lactam antibiotic, the function of Slt is to repair the damage. When Slt is inhibited by bulgecin A, the organism cannot cope with it and would undergo rapid lysis. Bulgecin A is an effective adjuvant of β-lactam antibiotics. These discoveries of small-molecule classes of antibacterials or of adjuvants to antibacterials hold promise in strategies for treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kiran V. Mahasenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006-Madrid Spain
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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21
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El Malah T, Soliman HA, Hemdan BA, Abdel Mageid RE, Nour HF. Synthesis and antibiofilm activity of 1,2,3-triazole-pyridine hybrids against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging at an alarming rate, posing a potential threat to human health. A series of 1,2,3-triazole-pyridine hybrids were synthesised as promising antibiofilm agents against planktonic and sessile MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer El Malah
- Photochemistry Department
- Chemical Industries Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Soliman
- Photochemistry Department
- Chemical Industries Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Randa E. Abdel Mageid
- Photochemistry Department
- Chemical Industries Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Hany F. Nour
- Photochemistry Department
- Chemical Industries Research Division
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
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22
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A MEDT computational study of the mechanism, reactivity and selectivity of non-polar [3+2] cycloaddition between quinazoline-3-oxide and methyl 3-methoxyacrylate. J Mol Model 2020; 26:328. [PMID: 33146813 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) was used for the study of the mechanism and the selectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between quinazoline-3-oxide and methyl 3-methoxyacrylate, using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) DFT method. In gas phase, this [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is characterized by a completely ortho regioselectivity and a moderate exo stereoselectivity. Dichloroethane solvent did not modify the selectivities obtained in gas phase but increase the activation energies and decrease the exothermic character. Analysis of thermodynamic characters indicates that by the inclusion of the experimental conditions, the reaction becomes endergonic and thereby under thermodynamic control favouring the formation of the most stable product as observed experimentally, explaining the exo stereoselectivity. The analysis of the global electron density transfer (GEDT) at the transition states and bond order (BO) show that this reaction takes place via a very slightly synchronous and non-polar one-step mechanism. Conceptual DFT reactivity indices analysis accounts for the electrophilic character of the reagents, explaining the high obtained free activation energies, while local Parr functions analysis allows us to explain the ortho regioselectivity observed experimentally. ELF topological analysis of the most favoured reactive pathways indicates that mechanism of this 32CA reaction is one stage, one step, synchronous and non-concerted. The stability of the favourable cycloadduct is attributed to the presence of different non-conventional hydrogen bonds interactions as indicated by NCI and QTAIM analyses. Graphical Abstract.
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23
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Huang G, Solano CM, Melendez J, Yu-Alfonzo S, Boonhok R, Min H, Miao J, Chakrabarti D, Yuan Y. Discovery of fast-acting dual-stage antimalarial agents by profiling pyridylvinylquinoline chemical space via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112889. [PMID: 33045660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identity fast-acting, multistage antimalarial agents, a series of pyridylvinylquinoline-triazole analogues have been synthesized via CuAAC. Most of the compounds display significant inhibitory effect on the drug-resistant malarial Dd2 strain at low submicromolar concentrations. Among the tested analogues, compound 60 is the most potent molecule with an EC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.01 μM. Our current study indicates that compound 60 is a fast-acting antimalarial compound and it demonstrates stage specific action at the trophozoite phase in the P. falciparum asexual life cycle. In addition, compound 60 is active against both early and late stage P. falciparum gametocytes. From a mechanistic perspective, compound 60 shows good activity as an inhibitor of β-hematin formation. Collectively, our findings suggest that fast-acting agent 60 targets dual life stages of the malarial parasites and warrant further investigation of pyridylvinylquinoline hybrids as new antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Claribel Murillo Solano
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Joel Melendez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu-Alfonzo
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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24
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25
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1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112686. [PMID: 32795773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as a classic reason for genuine skin and flimsy tissues diseases, is a worldwide general wellbeing risk and has already tormented humanity for a long history, creating a critical need for the development of new classes of antibacterials. 1,2,3-Triazole moiety, readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in organisms through weak bond interaction, is among the most common frameworks present in the bioactive molecules. 1,2,3-Triazole derivatives, especially 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids, possess broad-spectrum activity against a panel of clinically important bacteria including drug-resistant pathogens, so rational design of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives may open a door for the opportunities on the development of novel anti-MRSA agents. This review is an endeavour to highlight the current scenario of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with potential anti-MRSA activity, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020.
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26
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall. Protein Sci 2020; 29:629-646. [PMID: 31747090 PMCID: PMC7021008 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics. Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The antibacterial antibiotics disproportionately target bacterial protein structure that is distinct from eukaryotic protein structure, notably within the ribosome and within the pathways for bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (for which there is not a eukaryotic counterpart). This review focuses on a pre-eminent class of antibiotics-the β-lactams, exemplified by the penicillins and cephalosporins-from the perspective of the evolving mechanisms for bacterial resistance. The mechanism of action of the β-lactams is bacterial cell-wall destruction. In the monoderm (single membrane, Gram-positive staining) pathogen Staphylococcus aureus the dominant resistance mechanism is expression of a β-lactam-unreactive transpeptidase enzyme that functions in cell-wall construction. In the diderm (dual membrane, Gram-negative staining) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa a dominant resistance mechanism (among several) is expression of a hydrolytic enzyme that destroys the critical β-lactam ring of the antibiotic. The key sensing mechanism used by P. aeruginosa is monitoring the molecular difference between cell-wall construction and cell-wall deconstruction. In both bacteria, the resistance pathways are manifested only when the bacteria detect the presence of β-lactams. This review summarizes how the β-lactams are sensed and how the resistance mechanisms are manifested, with the expectation that preventing these processes will be critical to future chemotherapeutic control of multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
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27
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Rani A, Singh G, Singh A, Maqbool U, Kaur G, Singh J. CuAAC-ensembled 1,2,3-triazole-linked isosteres as pharmacophores in drug discovery: review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5610-5635. [PMID: 35497465 PMCID: PMC9049420 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The review lays emphasis on the significance of 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized via CuAAC reaction having potential to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer drugs. The importance of click chemistry is due to its 'quicker' methodology that has the capability to create complex and efficient drugs with high yield and purity from simple and cheap starting materials. The activity of different triazolyl compounds was compiled considering MIC, IC50, and EC50 values against different species of microbes. In addition to this, the anti-oxidant property of triazolyl compounds have also been reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Akshpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Ubair Maqbool
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India +91 9815967272
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28
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Verma NK, Mondal D, Bera S. Pharmacological and Cellular Significance of Triazole-Surrogated Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
:
Heterocyclic compounds have been at the hierarchy position in academia, and
industrial arena, particularly the compounds containing triazole-core are found to be potent
with a broad range of biological activities. The resistance of triazole ring towards
chemical (acid and base) hydrolysis, oxidative and reductive reaction conditions, metabolic
degradation and its higher aromatic stabilization energy makes it a better heterocyclic
core as therapeutic agents. These triazole-linked compounds are used for clinical purposes
for antifungal, anti-mycobacterium, anticancer, anti-migraine and antidepressant
drugs. Triazole scaffolds are also found to act as a spacer for the sake of covalent attachment
of the high molecular weight bio-macromolecules with an experimental building
blocks to explore structure-function relationships. Herein, several methods and strategies
for the synthesis of compounds with 1,2,3-triazole moiety exploring Hüisgen, Meldal and Sharpless 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne derivatives have been deliberated for a series of representative
compounds. Moreover, this review article highlights in-depth applications of the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction
for the advances of triazole-containing antibacterial as well as metabolic labelling agents for the in vitro and in
vivo studies on cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimish Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
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29
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Auti PS, George G, Paul AT. Recent advances in the pharmacological diversification of quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrids. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41353-41392. [PMID: 35516563 PMCID: PMC9057921 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the pharmacological activities of quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds, it has aroused great interest in medicinal chemists for the development of new drugs or drug candidates. The pharmacological activities of quinazoline and its related scaffolds include anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, and antihyperlipidaemia. Recently, molecular hybridization technology is used for the development of hybrid analogues with improved potency by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. The molecular hybridization of various biologically active pharmacophores with quinazoline derivatives resulted in lead compounds with multi-faceted biological activity wherein specific as well as multiple targets were involved. The present review summarizes the advances in lead compounds of quinazoline hybrids and their related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, the review also helps to intensify the drug development process by providing an understanding of the potential role of these hybridized pharmacophoric features in exhibiting various pharmacological activities. Recent advances in quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrid heterocycles in medicinal chemistry and their pharmacological diversification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S. Auti
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
| | - Ginson George
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
| | - Atish T. Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani)
- Pilani Campus
- India
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30
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Gatadi S, Pulivendala G, Gour J, Malasala S, Bujji S, Parupalli R, Shaikh M, Godugu C, Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new 4(3H)-Quinazolinone derivatives as potential anticancer agents. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Vats L, Kumar R, Bua S, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Sharma PK. Continued exploration and tail approach synthesis of benzenesulfonamides containing triazole and dual triazole moieties as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and IX inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111698. [PMID: 31539777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A library of twenty two novel 1,2,3-triazole benzenesulfonamides incorporating thiosemicarbazide, 5(4H)-thione-1,2,4-triazole and variously substituted phenacyl appended 1,2,4-triazole as tail were designed, synthesized and assessed for their efficacy as inhibitors against carbonic anhydrase human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX. The physiologically important and off-target cytosolic isoform hCA I was weakly inhibited by most of the newly synthesized sulfonamides while the glaucoma associated isoform hCA II was moderately inhibited with KIs spanning in low nanomolar range (KI = 8.0 nM-0.903 μM). The membrane bound isoform hCA IV, which is known to be involved in glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa among others, was strongly inhibited by all newly synthesized sulfonamides out of which nine compounds inhibited isoform hCA IV even more effectively as compared to standard drug acetazolamide (AAZ). The membrane bound isoform hCA IX, associated with growth of tumor cells, was moderately inhibited with KIs ranging between 51 nM-3.198 μM. The effect of appending variously substituted tails on heterocyclic moieties over inhibition potential of synthesized sulfonamides is also disclosed which can be of further interest in pharmacological studies for exploring synthesis of isoform selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Vats
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India; Government College Bherian, Pehowa, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136128, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India; Ch. Mani Ram Godara Government College for Women, Bhodia Khera, Fatehabad, Haryana, 125050, India
| | - Silvia Bua
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Pawan K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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Abrusán G, Marsh JA. Ligands and Receptors with Broad Binding Capabilities Have Common Structural Characteristics: An Antibiotic Design Perspective. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9357-9374. [PMID: 31188598 PMCID: PMC6858282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global public-health problems. Here we show that a particular class of homomers with binding sites spanning multiple protein chains is particularly suitable for targeting by broad-spectrum antibacterial agents because due to the slow evolutionary change of such binding pockets, ligands of such homomers are much more likely to bind their homologs than ligands of monomers, or homomers with a single-chain binding site. Additionally, using de novo ligand design and deep learning, we show that the chemical compounds that can bind several different receptors have common structural characteristics and that halogens and fragments similar to the building blocks existing antimicrobials are overrepresented in them. Finally, we show that binding multiple receptors selects for flexible compounds, which are less likely to accumulate in Gram-negative bacteria; thus there is trade-off between reducing the emergence of resistance by multitargeting and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Abrusán
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute
of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University
of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K.
| | - Joseph A. Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute
of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University
of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K.
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33
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The Synergy of Ciprofloxacin and Carvedilol against Staphylococcus aureus-Prospects of a New Treatment Strategy? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224104. [PMID: 31739388 PMCID: PMC6891268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are common and difficult to treat. The increasing number of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections has created the need to develop new strategies for the treatment of these infections. The synergistic antimicrobial activity of different pharmaceuticals seems to be an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to assess the synergistic activity of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol against S. aureus strains. The antibacterial potential of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines. The calcium content in S. aureus cells was measured using flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the mechanism of antibacterial synergy of ciprofloxacin and carvedilol. The antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin was higher in the presence of carvedilol than in S. aureus cultures containing the antibiotic only. A significant increase in S. aureus membrane permeability was also observed. The simultaneous administration of the tested compounds caused damage to S. aureus cells visualized by SEM. Enhancement of the antimicrobial action of ciprofloxacin by carvedilol was correlated with an increase in free calcium content in S. aureus cells, morphological changes to the cells, and a reduction in the ability to form bacterial aggregates.
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Hussain M, Qadri T, Hussain Z, Saeed A, Channar PA, Shehzadi SA, Hassan M, Larik FA, Mahmood T, Malik A. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and molecular docking study of vanillin derived 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors of bacterial DNA synthesis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02812. [PMID: 31768438 PMCID: PMC6872831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compelled scientists in general while pharmacists, chemists and biologists in specific to believe that we could always remain ahead of the pathogens. The pipeline of new drugs is running gasping and the inducements to develop new antimicrobials to address the global problems of drug resistance are weak. In this pursuit, effective endeavours to prepare new anti-bacterial entities is highly wished. The present study demonstrates successful synthesis of a library of 1,4-disbustituted 1,2,3-triazoles (3a-3k) using Click-chemistry concept and anti-their bacterial potential. In this 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, the 3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzaldehyde (1) was used as alkyne partner which was synthesized from vanillin and propargyl bromide and further reacted with differently substituted arylpropoxy azides (2a-k) to furnish series of mono and bis1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles. All the synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically and were evaluated for their initial antimicrobial activity. Preliminary results of antibacterial screening revealed that the synthesized compounds have the highest inhibitory effects compare to the control ciprofloxacin. The compounds 3b and 3g were found to be the most active (MIC: 5 μg/mL, MIC: 10 μg/mL respectively) against various strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The molecular docking study against 4GQQ protein with synthesized ligands was performed to see the necessary interactions responsible for anti-bacterial activity. The docking analysis of the most potent compound 3g supported the antibacterial activity exhibiting high inhibition constant and binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Qadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Aaliya Shehzadi
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ali Larik
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Szumilak M, Lichota A, Olczak A, Szczesio M, Stańczak A. Molecular insight into quinazoline derivatives with cytotoxic activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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The race between drug introduction and appearance of microbial resistance. Current balance and alternative approaches. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Gatadi S, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Promising antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103252. [PMID: 31518761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections has created a critical health menace universally. Resistance to all the available chemotherapeutics has been on rise which led to WHO to stratify Staphylococcus aureus as high tier priorty II pathogen. Hence, discovery and development of new antibacterial agents with new mode of action is crucial to address the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The egressing understanding of new antibacterials on their biological target provides opportunities for new therapeutic agents. This review underlines on various aspects of drug design, structure activity relationships (SARs) and mechanism of action of various new antibacterial agents and also covers the recent reports on new antibacterial agents with potent activity against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This review provides attention on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of new antibacterial agents in the point of view of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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38
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Bozorov K, Zhao J, Aisa HA. 1,2,3-Triazole-containing hybrids as leads in medicinal chemistry: A recent overview. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3511-3531. [PMID: 31300317 PMCID: PMC7185471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole ring is a major pharmacophore system among nitrogen-containing heterocycles. These five-membered heterocyclic motifs with three nitrogen heteroatoms can be prepared easily using 'click' chemistry with copper- or ruthenium-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Recently, the 'linker' property of 1,2,3-triazoles was demonstrated, and a novel class of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids and conjugates was synthesised and evaluated as lead compounds for diverse biological targets. These lead compounds have been demonstrated as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, antiviral, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-leishmanial, and neuroprotective agents. The present review summarises advances in lead compounds of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids, conjugates, and their related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry published in 2018. This review will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshed Bozorov
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Mirzo Ulugbek Str. 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan.
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 40-1 South Beijing Rd, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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Gatadi S, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:287-308. [PMID: 31096152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are major causative agents responsible for serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections impacting healthcare systems globally. Over several decades, these pathogens have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics significantly affecting morbidity and mortality. Thus, these recalcitrant pathogens are amongst the most formidable microbial pathogens for which international healthcare agencies have mandated active identification and development of new antibacterial agents for chemotherapeutic intervention. In our present work, a series of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against ESKAP pathogens and pathogenic mycobacteria. The experiments revealed that 4'c, 4'e, 4'f and 4'h displayed selective and potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 0.03-0.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 4'c and 4'e were found to be benign to Vero cells (CC50 = >5 μg/mL) and displayed promising selectivity index (SI) > 167 and > 83.4 respectively. Additionally, 4'c and 4'e demonstrated equipotent MIC against multiple drug-resistant strains of S. aureus including VRSA, concentration dependent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and synergized with FDA approved drugs. Moreover, compound 4'c exhibited more potent activity in reducing the biofilm and exhibited a PAE of ∼2 h at 10X MIC which is comparable to levofloxacin and vancomycin. In vivo efficacy of 4'c in murine neutropenic thigh infection model revealed that 4'c caused a similar reduction in cfu as vancomycin. Gratifyingly, compounds 4d, 4e, 9a, 9b, 14a, 4'e and 4'f also exhibited anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values in the range of 2-16 μg/mL. In addition, the compounds were found to be less toxic to Vero cells (CC50 = 12.5->100 μg/mL), thus displaying a favourable selectivity index. The interesting results obtained here suggest the potential utilization of these new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as promising antibacterial agents for treating MDR-Staphylococcal and mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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40
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Gatadi S, Lakshmi TV, Nanduri S. 4(3H)-Quinazolinone derivatives: Promising antibacterial drug leads. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:157-172. [PMID: 30884322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of drug resistance has created unmet medical need for the development of new classes of antibiotics. Discovery of new antibacterial agents with new mode of action remains a high priority universally. 4(3H)-quinazolinone, a fused nitrogen heterocyclic compound has emerged as a biologically privileged structure, possessing a wide range of biological properties viz. anticancer, antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Promising antibacterial properties of quinazolinones have enthused the medicinal chemists to explore and develop this fused heterocyclic system for new antibacterial agents. Utilization of quinazolinone core for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents has recently gained momentum. This review aims to provide an overview of the structures and antibacterial activity of various 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives covering various aspects of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities and structure activity relationships (SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - T Vasanta Lakshmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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41
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Polymyxin Derivatives that Sensitize Gram-Negative Bacteria to Other Antibiotics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020249. [PMID: 30641878 PMCID: PMC6359160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins (polymyxin B (PMB) and polymyxin E (colistin)) are cyclic lipodecapeptide antibiotics, highly basic due to five free amino groups, and rapidly bactericidal against Gram-negative bacteria, such as the majority of Enterobacteriaceae as well as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their clinical use was abandoned in the 1960s because of nephrotoxicity and because better-tolerated drugs belonging to other antibiotic classes were introduced. Now, due to the global dissemination of extremely-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains, polymyxins have resurged as the last-line drugs against those strains. Novel derivatives that are less toxic and/or more effective at tolerable doses are currently under preclinical development and their properties have recently been described in several extensive reviews. Other derivatives lack any direct bactericidal activity but damage the outermost permeability barrier, the outer membrane, of the target bacteria and make it more permeable to many other antibiotics. This review describes the properties of three thus far best-characterized “permeabilizer” derivatives, i.e., the classic permeabilizer polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN), NAB7061, and SPR741/NAB741, a compound that recently successfully passed the clinical phase 1. Also, a few other permeabilizer compounds are brought up.
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