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Ahmadianmoghadam MA, Nematollahi MH, Mehrabani M, Fatemi I, Rostamzadeh F, Dell'Agli M, Mehrabani M, Abolhassani M, Mehrbani M. Effect of an herbal formulation containing Peganum harmala L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. on oxidative stress, memory impairment and withdrawal syndrome induced by morphine. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:570-583. [PMID: 36168934 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2130293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Traditional Persian medicine has introduced effective remedies in opioid dependence care. One of the most widely used remedies is an herbal formulation containing Peganum harmala L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. (HF). This study investigated the effects of HF to attenuate the withdrawal signs and rewarding effects in morphine-dependent rats. Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The control and vehicle groups received normal saline and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, respectively. The morphine group received morphine for one week. The single and daily dose of HF groups received morphine similar to the morphine group, and HF (1.4 and 2.8 g/kg) once a day in the daily dose group and only on the last day of the experiment in the single dose of HF group. Finally, the withdrawal signs as well biochemical tests were evaluated. The behavioral parameters were assessed by conditioned place preference (CPP), elevated plus-maze and Y-maze tests. The antioxidant activity of HF was evaluated by measurement of serum contents of malondialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover, the protein expression of c-fos was assessed by western blotting. Results: Daily treatment with HF significantly reduced the score of CPP behavioral test, all of the withdrawal signs, TAC and the c-fos protein level. Conclusions: The results indicated that HF might be a promising complementary treatment in reducing morphine-induced physical and psychological dependence probably through modulation of c-fos protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ahmadianmoghadam
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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2
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Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AMP. A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108247. [PMID: 37659744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic mushrooms containing psilocybin and related tryptamines have long been used for ethnomycological purposes, but emerging evidence points to the potential therapeutic value of these mushrooms to address modern neurological, psychiatric health, and related disorders. As a result, psilocybin containing mushrooms represent a re-emerging frontier for mycological, biochemical, neuroscience, and pharmacology research. This work presents crucial information related to traditional use of psychedelic mushrooms, as well as research trends and knowledge gaps related to their diversity and distribution, technologies for quantification of tryptamines and other tryptophan-derived metabolites, as well as biosynthetic mechanisms for their production within mushrooms. In addition, we explore the current state of knowledge for how psilocybin and related tryptamines are metabolized in humans and their pharmacological effects, including beneficial and hazardous human health implications. Finally, we describe opportunities and challenges for investigating the production of psychedelic mushrooms and metabolic engineering approaches to alter secondary metabolite profiles using biotechnology integrated with machine learning. Ultimately, this critical review of all aspects related to psychedelic mushrooms represents a roadmap for future research efforts that will pave the way to new applications and refined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Karla A de la Cerda
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
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3
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Jahanabadi S, Amiri S, Karkeh-Abadi M, Razmi A. Natural psychedelics in the treatment of depression; a review focusing on neurotransmitters. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105620. [PMID: 37490982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. This review will discuss how natural psychedelics exert their neurobiological therapeutic effects, and how different neurotransmission systems mediate the effects of these compounds. Further, current therapeutic strategies for depression, and novel mechanism of action of natural psychedelics in the treatment of depression will be discussed. In this review, our focus will be on N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), reversible type A monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mescaline-containing cacti, psilocybin/psilocin-containing mushrooms, ibogaine, muscimol extracted from Amanita spp. mushrooms and ibotenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Jahanabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Karkeh-Abadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Razmi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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4
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Herraiz T. β-Carboline Alkaloids in Soy Sauce and Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062723. [PMID: 36985694 PMCID: PMC10053526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) oxidizes neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines, including vasopressor and neurotoxic amines such as the MPTP neurotoxin. Its inhibitors are useful as antidepressants and neuroprotectants. This work shows that diluted soy sauce (1/3) and soy sauce extracts inhibited human MAO-A and -B isozymes in vitro, which were measured with a chromatographic assay to avoid interferences, and it suggests the presence of MAO inhibitors. Chromatographic and spectrometric studies showed the occurrence of the β-carboline alkaloids harman and norharman in soy sauce extracts inhibiting MAO-A. Harman was isolated from soy sauce, and it was a potent and competitive inhibitor of MAO-A (0.4 µM, 44 % inhibition). The concentrations of harman and norharman were determined in commercial soy sauces, reaching 243 and 52 μg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the alkaloids 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (THCA) and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) were identified and analyzed in soy sauces reaching concentrations of 69 and 448 mg/L, respectively. The results show that MTCA was a precursor of harman under oxidative and heating conditions, and soy sauces increased the amount of harman under those conditions. This work shows that soy sauce contains bioactive β-carbolines and constitutes a dietary source of MAO-A and -B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 6, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Molecular Pathways of the Therapeutic Effects of Ayahuasca, a Botanical Psychedelic and Potential Rapid-Acting Antidepressant. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111618. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew traditionally used in indigenous and religious rituals and ceremonies in South America for its therapeutic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. It is usually prepared by lengthy boiling of the leaves of the bush Psychotria viridis and the mashed stalks of the vine Banisteriopsis caapi in water. The former contains the classical psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is thought to be the main psychoactive alkaloid present in the brew. The latter serves as a source for β-carbolines, known for their monoamine oxidase-inhibiting (MAOI) properties. Recent preliminary research has provided encouraging results investigating ayahuasca’s therapeutic potential, especially regarding its antidepressant effects. On a molecular level, pre-clinical and clinical evidence points to a complex pharmacological profile conveyed by the brew, including modulation of serotoninergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and endocannabinoid systems. Its substances also interact with the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), and sigma-1 receptors. Furthermore, ayahuasca’s components also seem to modulate levels of inflammatory and neurotrophic factors beneficially. On a biological level, this translates into neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects. Here we review the current knowledge regarding these molecular interactions and how they relate to the possible antidepressant effects ayahuasca seems to produce.
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Alijanpour S, Ghasemzadeh Z, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Basolateral amygdala cannabinoid CB1 receptors mediate the antinociceptive activity of harmaline in adolescent male mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113886. [PMID: 35718215 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a clear role for the amygdala endocannabinoid system in pain processing. Harmaline has been also known as the main nociceptive agent extracted from the Peganum harmala plant. In this study, the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) cannabinoid CB1 receptors in pain sensitivity of harmaline-treated mice were assessed using tail-flick and hot plate methods in adolescent male NMRI mice. Intraperitoneal administration of two higher doses of harmaline (6 and 8 mg/kg) increased tail-flick latency, suggesting an antinociceptive activity. The same result was observed for the higher dose of harmaline in the hot plate test. Intra-BLA microinjection of CB1 receptor agonist ACPA (1 and 1.5 ng/mouse) or (1.5 ng/mouse) enhanced the ineffective dose-response of harmaline on pain threshold in the tail-flick or hot plate tests, respectively. Microinjection of two higher doses of CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.5 and 1 ng/mouse) attenuated the antinociceptive activity of harmaline (8 ng/mouse) in both tail-flick and hot plate tests. Meanwhile, ACPA and AM251 did not alter latency to withdraw from the noxious stimulus in both tests, by themselves. It should be noted that the analgesic dose of the drugs alone or in combination did not affect locomotor activity. The obtained results highlight that BLA CB1 receptors mediate the antinociceptive activity of harmaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, P. O. Box 163, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Identification of Pharmacophoric Fragments of DYRK1A Inhibitors Using Machine Learning Classification Models. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061753. [PMID: 35335117 PMCID: PMC8954712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1A) has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases, and considerable progress has been made in the discovery of DYRK1A inhibitors. Identification of pharmacophoric fragments provides valuable information for structure- and fragment-based design of potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitors. In this study, seven machine learning methods along with five molecular fingerprints were employed to develop qualitative classification models of DYRK1A inhibitors, which were evaluated by cross-validation, test set, and external validation set with four performance indicators of predictive classification accuracy (CA), the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and balanced accuracy (BA). The PubChem fingerprint-support vector machine model (CA = 0.909, AUC = 0.933, MCC = 0.717, BA = 0.855) and PubChem fingerprint along with the artificial neural model (CA = 0.862, AUC = 0.911, MCC = 0.705, BA = 0.870) were considered as the optimal modes for training set and test set, respectively. A hybrid data balancing method SMOTETL, a combination of synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and Tomek link (TL) algorithms, was applied to explore the impact of balanced learning on the performance of models. Based on the frequency analysis and information gain, pharmacophoric fragments related to DYRK1A inhibition were also identified. All the results will provide theoretical supports and clues for the screening and design of novel DYRK1A inhibitors.
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8
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Heme peroxidases are responsible for the dehydrogenation and oxidation metabolism of harmaline into harmine. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Carpéné C, Marti L, Morin N. Increased monoamine oxidase activity and imidazoline binding sites in insulin-resistant adipocytes from obese Zucker rats. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:15-34. [PMID: 35126867 PMCID: PMC8790288 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite overt insulin resistance, adipocytes of genetically obese Zucker rats accumulate the excess of calorie intake in the form of lipids.
AIM To investigate whether factors can replace or reinforce insulin lipogenic action by exploring glucose uptake activation by hydrogen peroxide, since it is produced by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) in adipocytes.
METHODS 3H-2-deoxyglucose uptake (2-DG) was determined in adipocytes from obese and lean rats in response to insulin or MAO and SSAO substrates such as tyramine and benzylamine. 14C-tyramine oxidation and binding of imidazolinic radioligands [3H-Idazoxan, 3H-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline] were studied in adipocytes, the liver, and muscle. The influence of in vivo administration of tyramine + vanadium on glucose handling was assessed in lean and obese rats.
RESULTS 2-DG uptake and lipogenesis stimulation by insulin were dampened in adipocytes from obese rats, when compared to their lean littermates. Tyramine and benzylamine activation of hexose uptake was vanadate-dependent and was also limited, while MAO was increased and SSAO decreased. These changes were adipocyte-specific and accompanied by a greater number of imidazoline I2 binding sites in the obese rat, when compared to the lean. In vitro, tyramine precluded the binding to I2 sites, while in vivo, its administration together with vanadium lowered fasting plasma levels of glucose and triacylglycerols in obese rats.
CONCLUSION The adipocytes from obese Zucker rats exhibit increased MAO activity and imidazoline binding site number. However, probably as a consequence of SSAO down-regulation, the glucose transport stimulation by tyramine is decreased as much as that of insulin in these insulin-resistant adipocytes. The adipocyte amine oxidases deserve more studies with respect to their putative contribution to the management of glucose and lipid handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM, Toulouse 31342, France
| | - Luc Marti
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM, Toulouse 31342, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM, Toulouse 31342, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris University, Paris 75270, France
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10
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Bitchagno GTM, El Bouhssini M, Mahdi I, Ward JL, Sobeh M. Toward the Allelopathy of Peganum sp. and Related Chemical Constituents in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:796103. [PMID: 35126420 PMCID: PMC8813868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.796103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Peganum constitutes one of the perennial groups of plants of semi-arid regions across the world. It produces diverse classes of metabolites with claimed valuable pharmacological applications. Despite the key chemical and biological properties of the genus, its allelopathy or that of one of its species has not been reviewed yet. Thus, the present survey aims to report the agricultural applications of extracts, fractions, and compounds from the genus Peganum. This work was based on the available literature related to both the Peganum genus and agriculture, which were generated from available high-impact scientific engines. The plants in this genus contain a large group of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, terpenes, and N-containing compounds. Alkaloids, as the main components of the extracts from plants in the genus, were identified as the major active principles. The toxicity of Peganum isolates against plants and related pest organisms was also reviewed. Extract preparations from species of Peganum were listed among insecticidal and herbicidal allelochemicals used for crop protection. The review also tried to contextualize natural products in agriculture. Peganum plant extracts and fractions have showed significant potential in weed and crops management, soil health, and biopesticide production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohamed IV Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohamed IV Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohamed IV Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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11
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Buchberger A, Schepergerdes L, Flaßhoff M, Kunick C, Köster RW. A novel inhibitor rescues cerebellar defects in a zebrafish model of Down syndrome-associated kinase Dyrk1A overexpression. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100853. [PMID: 34090874 PMCID: PMC8239740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays crucial roles during central nervous system development and homeostasis. Furthermore, its hyperactivity is considered responsible for some neurological defects in individuals with Down syndrome. We set out to establish a zebrafish model expressing human Dyrk1A that could be further used to characterize the interaction between Dyrk1A and neurological phenotypes. First, we revealed the prominent expression of dyrk1a homologs in cerebellar neurons in the zebrafish larval and adult brains. Overexpression of human dyrk1a in postmitotic cerebellar Purkinje neurons resulted in a structural misorganization of the Purkinje cells in cerebellar hemispheres and a compaction of this cell population. This impaired Purkinje cell organization was progressive, leading to an age-dependent dispersal of Purkinje neurons throughout the cerebellar molecular layer with larval swim deficits resulting in miscoordination of swimming and reduced exploratory behavior in aged adults. We also found that the structural misorganization of the larval Purkinje cell layer could be rescued by pharmacological treatment with Dyrk1A inhibitors. We further reveal the in vivo efficiency of a novel selective Dyrk1A inhibitor, KuFal194. These findings demonstrate that the zebrafish is a well-suited vertebrate organism to genetically model severe neurological diseases with single cell type specificity. Such models can be used to relate molecular malfunction to cellular deficits, impaired tissue formation, and organismal behavior and can also be used for pharmacological compound testing and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Buchberger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Flaßhoff
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Mehrabani M, Esmaeili-Tarzi M, Forootanfar H, Nematollahi MH, Banat IM, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. Lipopeptide Biosurfactant from Acinetobacter junii B6: A Promising Natural Surfactant for Promoting Angiogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Weber C, Sipos M, Paczal A, Balint B, Kun V, Foloppe N, Dokurno P, Massey AJ, Walmsley DL, Hubbard RE, Murray J, Benwell K, Edmonds T, Demarles D, Bruno A, Burbridge M, Cruzalegui F, Kotschy A. Structure-Guided Discovery of Potent and Selective DYRK1A Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6745-6764. [PMID: 33975430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The kinase DYRK1A is an attractive target for drug discovery programs due to its implication in multiple diseases. Through a fragment screen, we identified a simple biaryl compound that is bound to the DYRK1A ATP site with very high efficiency, although with limited selectivity. Structure-guided optimization cycles enabled us to convert this fragment hit into potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitors. Exploiting the structural differences in DYRK1A and its close homologue DYRK2, we were able to fine-tune the selectivity of our inhibitors. Our best compounds potently inhibited DYRK1A in the cell culture and in vivo and demonstrated drug-like properties. The inhibition of DYRK1A in vivo translated into dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in a model of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Weber
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Sipos
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Paczal
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Balint
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vilibald Kun
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pawel Dokurno
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, CB21 6GB Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | | | - James Murray
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, CB21 6GB Cambridge, U.K
| | - Karen Benwell
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd., Granta Park, CB21 6GB Cambridge, U.K
| | - Thomas Edmonds
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Didier Demarles
- Technologie Servier, 27 Rue Eugène Vignat, 45000 Orleans, France
| | - Alain Bruno
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mike Burbridge
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Beato A, Gori A, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Haudecoeur R. β-Carboline as a Privileged Scaffold for Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33528252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural β-carboline alkaloids display similarities with neurotransmitters that can be favorably exploited to design bioactive and bioavailable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Several AD targets are currently and intensively being investigated, divided in different hypotheses: mainly the cholinergic, the amyloid β (Aβ), and the Tau hypotheses. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available involving acetylcholinesterase and NMDA inhibitors. On the basis of plethoric single-target structure-activity relationship studies, the β-carboline scaffold was identified as a powerful tool for fostering activity and molecular interactions with a wide range of AD-related targets. This knowledge can undoubtedly be used to design multitarget-directed ligands, a highly relevant strategy preferred in the context of multifactorial pathology with intricate etiology such as AD. In this review, we first individually discuss the AD targets of the β-carbolines, and then we focus on the multitarget strategies dedicated to the deliberate design of new efficient scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonin Gori
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHANEL Parfums Beauté, F-93500 Pantin, France
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Szabó T, Volk B, Milen M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of β-Carboline Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:663. [PMID: 33513936 PMCID: PMC7866041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are a remarkable family of natural and synthetic indole-containing heterocyclic compounds and they are widely distributed in nature. Recently, these alkaloids have been in the focus of interest, thanks to their diverse biological activities. Their pharmacological activity makes them desirable as sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic or antimicrobial drug candidates. The growing potential inherent in them encourages many researchers to address the challenges of the synthesis of natural products containing complex β-carboline frameworks. In this review, we describe the recent developments in the synthesis of β-carboline alkaloids and closely related derivatives through selected examples from the last 5 years. The focus is on the key steps with improved procedures and synthetic approaches. Furthermore the pharmacological potential of the alkaloids is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mátyás Milen
- Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., Directorate of Drug Substance Development, P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (B.V.)
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16
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A review on β-carboline alkaloids and their distribution in foodstuffs: A class of potential functional components or not? Food Chem 2021; 348:129067. [PMID: 33548760 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active β-carboline alkaloids (βCs) such as harman, norharman and some others are naturally present in plants and occur in many foodstuffs. They have a lot of pharmacological properties, including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and possess the potential for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and other central nervous system diseases. Dietary intake is proven to be an important source of βCs. Therefore, it is important to know the amounts of βCs that can be gotten from daily diets. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities, toxicology and formation of βCs, and gives collective information on contents of βCs in different foodstuffs.
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Alijanpour S, Jafaripour S, Ghasemzadeh Z, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. Harmaline potentiates morphine-induced antinociception via affecting the ventral hippocampal GABA-A receptors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173806. [PMID: 33345854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most effective medications for treatment of pain, but its side effects limit its use. Therefore, identification of new strategies that can enhance morphine-induced antinociception and/or reduce its side effects will help to develop therapeutic approaches for pain relief. Considering antinociceptive efficacy of harmaline and also highlighted the important role of GABA-A receptors in the pain perception, this research aimed to determine whether the ventral hippocampal (vHip) GABA-A receptors are involved in the possible harmaline-induced enhancement of morphine antinociception. To achieve this, vHip regions of adult male mice were bilaterally cannulated and pain sensitivity was measured in a tail-flick apparatus. Intraperitoneally administration of morphine (0, 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg) or harmaline (0, 1.25, 5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the percentage of maximal possible effect (%MPE) and induced antinociception. Interestingly, co-administration of sub-effective doses of harmaline (5 mg/kg) and morphine (2 mg/kg) induced antinociception. Intra-vHip microinjection of muscimol (0, 200 and 300 ng/mice), a GABA-A receptor agonist, enhanced the anti-nociceptive effects of harmaline (2.5 mg/kg)+morphine (2 mg/kg) combination. Microinjection of the same doses of muscimol into the vHip by itself did not alter tail-flick latency. Intra-vHip microinjection of bicuculline (100 ng/mouse), a GABA-A receptor antagonist, did not cause a significant change in MPE%. Bicuculline (60 and 100 ng/mouse, intra-vHip) was administered with the harmaline (5 mg/kg)+morphine (2 mg/kg), and inhibited the potentiating effect of harmaline on morphine response. These findings favor the notion that GABAergic mechanisms in the vHip facilitate harmaline-induced potentiation of morphine response in the tail-flick test in part through GABA-A receptors. These findings shall provide insights and strategies into the development of pain suppressing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
| | - Samira Jafaripour
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:202-277. [PMID: 33328244 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in a new class of antidepressants, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is undergoing phase III clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are being investigated in several phase II and phase I clinical trials. Hence, the concept of psychedelics as therapeutics may be incorporated into modern society. Here, we discuss the main known neurobiological therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, which are thought to be mediated by the effects of these compounds on the serotonergic (via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors) and glutamatergic [via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] systems. We focus on 1) neuroplasticity mediated by the modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin-, brain-derived neurotrophic factor-, and early growth response-related pathways; 2) immunomodulation via effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nuclear factor ĸB, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1, 6, and 10 production and release; and 3) modulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and norepinephrinergic receptors, transporters, and turnover systems. We discuss arising concerns and ways to assess potential neurobiological changes, dependence, and immunosuppression. Although larger cohorts are required to corroborate preliminary findings, the results obtained so far are promising and represent a critical opportunity for improvement of pharmacotherapies in psychiatry, an area that has seen limited therapeutic advancement in the last 20 years. Studies are underway that are trying to decouple the psychedelic effects from the therapeutic effects of these compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. However, understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating improvement remains limited. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effects of psychedelic compounds on pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, immunity, and neurotransmitter systems. This work aims to be a reference for psychiatrists who may soon be faced with the possibility of prescribing psychedelic compounds as medications, helping them assess which compound(s) and regimen could be most useful for decreasing specific psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Harris AC, Muelken P, LeSage MG. β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173041. [PMID: 32926882 PMCID: PMC7554228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying novel constituents that contribute to tobacco addiction is essential for developing more effective treatments and informing FDA regulation of tobacco products. While preclinical data indicate that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors can have abuse liability or potentiate the addiction-related effects of nicotine, most of these studies have used clinical MAO inhibitors (e.g., tranylcypromine) that are not present in cigarette smoke. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the abuse potential of the β-carbolines harmane, norharmane, and harmine - MAO inhibitors that are found in cigarette smoke - in an intracranial self-simulation (ICSS) model in rats. A secondary goal was to evaluate the ability of norharmane to influence nicotine's acute effects on ICSS. None of the β-carbolines lowered ICSS thresholds at any dose studied when administered alone, suggesting a lack of abuse liability. Rather, all three β-carbolines produced dose-dependent elevations in ICSS thresholds, indicating aversive/anhedonic effects. Harmane and harmine also elevated ICSS response latencies, suggesting a disruption of motor function, albeit with reduced potency compared to their ICSS threshold-elevating effects. Norharmane (2.5 mg/kg) modestly attenuated the effects of nicotine on ICSS thresholds. Our findings indicate that these β-carbolines produced only aversive/anhedonic effects in an ICSS model when administered alone, and that norharmane unexpectedly attenuated nicotines acute effects on ICSS. Future work evaluating the addiction-related effects of nicotine combined with these and other MAO inhibitors present in smoke may be useful for understanding the role of MAO inhibition in tobacco addiction and informing FDA tobacco regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Harris
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| | - Peter Muelken
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mark G LeSage
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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20
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Carpéné C, Les F, Mercader J, Gomez-Zorita S, Grolleau JL, Boulet N, Fontaine J, Iglesias-Osma MC, Garcia-Barrado MJ. Opipramol Inhibits Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes without Altering Glucose Uptake and Differently from Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Drugs with Adverse Effects on Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030041. [PMID: 32151075 PMCID: PMC7151722 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with several antipsychotic drugs exhibits a tendency to induce weight gain and diabetic complications. The proposed mechanisms by which the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine increases body weight include central dysregulations leading to hyperphagia and direct peripheral impairment of fat cell lipolysis. Several investigations have reproduced in vitro direct actions of antipsychotics on rodent adipocytes, cultured preadipocytes, or human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. However, to our knowledge, no such direct action has been described in human mature adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to compare in human adipocytes the putative direct alterations of lipolysis by antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, ziprazidone, risperidone), antidepressants (pargyline, phenelzine), or anxiolytics (opipramol). Lipolytic responses to the tested drugs, and to recognized lipolytic (e.g., isoprenaline) or antilipolytic agents (e.g., insulin) were determined, together with glucose transport and amine oxidase activities in abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from individuals undergoing plastic surgery. None of the tested drugs were lipolytic. Surprisingly, only opipramol exhibited substantial antilipolytic properties in the micromolar to millimolar range. An opipramol antilipolytic effect was evident against isoprenaline-, forskolin-, or atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis. Opipramol did not impair insulin activation of glucose transport but inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to the same extent as antidepressants recognized as MAO inhibitors (pargyline, harmine, or phenelzine), whereas antipsychotics were inefficient. Considering its unique properties, opipramol, which is not associated with weight gain in treated patients, is a good candidate for drug repurposing because it limits exaggerated lipolysis, prevents hydrogen peroxide release by amine oxidases in adipocytes, and is thereby of potential use to limit lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, two deleterious complications of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josep Mercader
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Saioa Gomez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 48940 Vitoria, Spain;
| | | | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.B.); (J.F.)
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Mari Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.I.-O.); (M.J.G.-B.)
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria José Garcia-Barrado
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.C.I.-O.); (M.J.G.-B.)
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Blei F, Dörner S, Fricke J, Baldeweg F, Trottmann F, Komor A, Meyer F, Hertweck C, Hoffmeister D. Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in "Magic" Mushrooms. Chemistry 2019; 26:729-734. [PMID: 31729089 PMCID: PMC7003923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The psychotropic effects of Psilocybe “magic” mushrooms are caused by the l‐tryptophan‐derived alkaloid psilocybin. Despite their significance, the secondary metabolome of these fungi is poorly understood in general. Our analysis of four Psilocybe species identified harmane, harmine, and a range of other l‐tryptophan‐derived β‐carbolines as their natural products, which was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Stable‐isotope labeling with 13C11‐l‐tryptophan verified the β‐carbolines as biosynthetic products of these fungi. In addition, MALDI‐MS imaging showed that β‐carbolines accumulate toward the hyphal apices. As potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidases, β‐carbolines are neuroactive compounds and interfere with psilocybin degradation. Therefore, our findings represent an unprecedented scenario of natural product pathways that diverge from the same building block and produce dissimilar compounds, yet contribute directly or indirectly to the same pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Blei
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dörner
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Janis Fricke
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Baldeweg
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Trottmann
- Department Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural, Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Komor
- Department Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural, Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Meyer
- Transfer Group Anti-Infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product, Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural, Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. Cross state-dependent memory retrieval between morphine and norharmane in the mouse dorsal hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:24-29. [PMID: 31400494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
State-dependent memory (SDM) describes a phenomenon that memory is efficiently restored only when the brain state during restoration matches the state during encoding. Some psychoactive drugs such as morphine, ethanol, and cocaine evoke SDM. The scope of this study was to investigate the cross SDM between morphine and norharmane injected into the dorsal hippocampus of male NMRI mice, and the involvement of μ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the SDM of the drugs. Bilateral cannulae were implanted into the CA1 regions (intra-CA1), and memory retrieval was measured by the step-down apparatus. Results showed that pre-test microinjection of morphine (1 μg/mouse, intra-CA1) reversed amnesia induced by pre-training administration of the same dose of morphine, indicating morphine SDM. Moreover, norharmane (10 μg/mouse) also exerted a SDM. Pre-test microinjection of naloxone (0.5 μg/mouse) abolished amnesia induced by morphine or norharmane, and impaired SDM produced by each drug. The results demonstrated the contribution of MORs in the SDM induced by morphine as well as norharmane. Pre-test administration of morphine (1 μg/mouse, intra-CA1) also inhibited amnesia induced by pre-training intra-CA1 microinjection of norharmane (10 μg/mouse) and vice versa, suggesting a cross SDM between the drugs. In conclusion, it seems that there may be a cross SDM between morphine and norharmane, and MORs have a critical role in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Deng G, Li S, Cao N, Guan H, Cheng X, Wang C. Subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of long-term oral administration of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn: A 28-day study in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111866. [PMID: 30970283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Peganum harmala Linn, in which the most abundant active compounds are harmaline and harmine, have been widely used as a traditional medicine in various countries to treat a broad spectrum of diseases including asthma, cough, depression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, few studies on long-term or subchronic toxicity of seeds of P. harmala were reported after overdose. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of P. harmala (TAEP) after oral administration for four weeks in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of TAEP were evaluated after 28-day oral administration in rats at daily dose levels of 15, 45, and 150 mg/kg. The signs of toxicity and mortality were monitored and recorded daily. The body weight and average food consumption were measured weekly. The analyses of hematology, biochemistry, urine, relative organ weights and histopathology were conducted at the termination of treatment and recovery phase. For concomitant toxicokinetics study, the plasma toxicokinetic parameters, tissue distribution, and excretion of predominant ingredients harmaline and harmine in TAEP and metabolites harmalol and harmol were tested. RESULTS Following initial repeated exposure to high-dose (150 mg/kg/day) of TAEP excitotoxic reaction, such as tremor, was observed, but tolerated on the fourth day after multiple dosing. The significant alterations in blood glucose and lipid metabolism in liver were observed, but recovered after four weeks of drug withdrawal. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of TAEP was considered to be 45 mg/kg/day under the present study conditions. There were no significant gender differences in most indexes of subchronic toxicity throughout the experimental period with the exception of food consumption and body weight. In concomitant toxicokinetics study, the alterations of dynamic characteristic for harmaline, harmine and metabolite harmol after multiple oral administration at three doses had been observed. Harmaline, harmine and metabolites harmalol and harmol were widely distributed in organs and there was no accumulation in the tissues examined. The reduction of harmaline and metabolite harmalol in brain after multiple dosing at dose of 150 mg/kg might be closely related to the tremor tolerance. The main excretory pathway for metabolites harmalol and harmol was urinary excretion via kidney. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that TAEP at doses of 15 and 45 mg/kg/day in rats might be safe. Excitotoxic reaction such as tremor occurred initially at dose of 150 mg/kg/day, however, the toxicity was tolerant and reversible. In addition, harmaline and harmine in TAEP had a quick absorption into blood and metabolized to harmalol and harmol, and there was no drug accumulation in the detected tissues. Further studies should be investigated to clarify the mechanisms of tremor tolerance and neurotoxicity of TAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 230 Baoding Road, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Liuhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Drug Safety Evaluation and Research Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Hamill J, Hallak J, Dursun SM, Baker G. Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:108-128. [PMID: 29366418 PMCID: PMC6343205 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180125095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian decoction with psychoactive properties, is made from bark of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (containing beta-carboline alkaloids) and leaves of the Psychotria viridis bush (supplying the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT). Originally used by indigenous shamans for the purposes of spirit communi-cation, magical experiences, healing, and religious rituals across several South American countries, ayahuasca has been in-corporated into folk medicine and spiritual healing, and several Brazilian churches use it routinely to foster a spiritual experi-ence. More recently, it is being used in Europe and North America, not only for religious or healing reasons, but also for rec-reation. Objective: To review ayahuasca’s behavioral effects, possible adverse effects, proposed mechanisms of action and potential clinical uses in mental illness. Method: We searched Medline, in English, using the terms ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, Banisteriopsis caapi, and Psy-chotria viridis and reviewed the relevant publications. Results: The following aspects of ayahuasca are summarized: Political and legal factors; acute and chronic psychological ef-fects; electrophysiological studies and imaging; physiological effects; safety and adverse effects; pharmacology; potential psychiatric uses. Conclusion: Many years of shamanic wisdom have indicated potential therapeutic uses for ayahuasca, and several present day studies suggest that it may be useful for treating various psychiatric disorders and addictions. The side effect profile ap-pears to be relatively mild, but more detailed studies need to be done. Several prominent researchers believe that government regulations with regard to ayahuasca should be relaxed so that it could be provided more readily to recognized, credible re-searchers to conduct comprehensive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hamill
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime Hallak
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Behavior and National Institute of Science and Technology (Translational Medicine), Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit) and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Weinsanto I, Mouheiche J, Laux-Biehlmann A, Delalande F, Marquette A, Chavant V, Gabel F, Cianferani S, Charlet A, Parat MO, Goumon Y. Morphine Binds Creatine Kinase B and Inhibits Its Activity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:464. [PMID: 30559651 PMCID: PMC6286964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is an analgesic alkaloid used to relieve severe pain, and irreversible binding of morphine to specific unknown proteins has been previously observed. In the brain, changes in the expression of energy metabolism enzymes contribute to behavioral abnormalities during chronic morphine treatment. Creatine kinase B (CK-B) is a key enzyme involved in brain energy metabolism. CK-B also corresponds to the imidazoline-binding protein I2 which binds dopamine (a precursor of morphine biosynthesis) irreversibly. Using biochemical approaches, we show that recombinant mouse CK-B possesses a μM affinity for morphine and binds to morphine in vitro. The complex formed by CK-B and morphine is resistant to detergents, reducing agents, heat treatment and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). CK-B-derived peptides CK-B1–75 and CK-B184–258 were identified as two specific morphine binding-peptides. In vitro, morphine (1–100 μM) significantly reduces recombinant CK-B enzymatic activity. Accordingly, in vivo morphine administration (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to mice significantly decreased brain extract CK-B activity compared to saline-treated animals. Together, these results show that morphine strongly binds CK-B and inhibits its activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Weinsanto
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jinane Mouheiche
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexis Laux-Biehlmann
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC-DSA, CNRS UMR7178 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Virginie Chavant
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Mass Spectrometry Facilities of the CNRS UPR3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Gabel
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC-DSA, CNRS UMR7178 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, PACE, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
Approved by: Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Mass Spectrometry Facilities of the CNRS UPR3212, Strasbourg, France
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Gandhi NN, Barrett-Wilt G, Steele JL, Rankin SA. Lactobacillus casei expressing methylglyoxal synthase causes browning and heterocyclic amine formation in Parmesan cheese extract. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:100-112. [PMID: 30415846 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Undesired browning of Parmesan cheese can occur during the latter period of ripening and cold storage despite the relative absence of reducing sugars and high temperatures typically associated with Maillard browning. Highly reactive α-dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal (MG) are products and accelerants of Maillard browning chemistry and can result from the microbial metabolism of sugars and AA by lactic acid bacteria. We demonstrate the effects of microbially produced MG in a model Parmesan cheese extract using a strain of Lactobacillus casei 12A engineered for inducible overexpression of MG synthase (mgsA) from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum HG-8. Maximum induction of plasmid-born mgsA led to 1.6 mM MG formation in Parmesan cheese extract and its distinct discoloration. The accumulation of heterocyclic amines including β-carboline derivatives arising from mgsA expression were determined by mass spectrometry. Potential MG-contributing reaction mechanisms for the formation of heterocyclic amines are proposed. These findings implicate nonstarter lactic acid bacteria may cause browning and influence nutritional aspects of Parmesan by enzymatic conversion of triosephosphates to MG. Moreover, these findings indicate that the microbial production of MG can lead to the formation of late-stage Maillard reaction products such as melanoidin and β-carbolines, effectively circumventing the thermal requirement of the early- and intermediate- stage Maillard reaction. Therefore, the identification and control of offending microbiota may prevent late-stage browning of Parmesan. The gene mgsA may serve as a genetic biomarker for cheeses with a propensity to undergo MG-mediated browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Gandhi
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706
| | - G Barrett-Wilt
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J L Steele
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706
| | - S A Rankin
- Department of Food Science, Madison 53706.
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Pires JM, Mendes FR, Pires APS, Yonamine M, Amaral JLGD, Carlini EA. Pre-clinical interaction of ayahuasca, a brew used in spiritual movements, with morphine and propofol. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Isoform selectivity of harmine-conjugated 1,2,3-triazoles against human monoamine oxidase. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1435-1448. [PMID: 29788780 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM There is little information available on the monoamine oxidase isoform selectivity of N-alkyl harmine analogs, which exhibit a myriad of activities including MAO-A, DYRK1A and cytotoxicity to several select cancer cell lines. RESULTS Compounds 3e and 4c exhibited an IC50 of 0.83 ± 0.03 and 0.43 ± 0.002 μM against MAO-A and an IC50 of 0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.36 ± 0.001 μM against MAO-B, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed π-π interactions between the synthesized molecules and aromatic amino acid residues. Conclusion & future perspective: The current study delineates the structural requirements for MAO-A selectivity and such information may be helpful in designing selective analogs for kinase, DYRK1A and harmine-based cytotoxics without apparent MAO enzyme inhibition.
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Yasui K, Chatani N, Tobisu M. Rhodium-Catalyzed C–O Bond Alkynylation of Aryl Carbamates with Propargyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2018; 20:2108-2111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Shu B, Cui G, Zhong G. Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of the Novel Harmine Derivative ZC-14 in Sf9 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534494 PMCID: PMC5877672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine, one of the natural β-carboline alkaloids extracted from Peganum harmala L., exhibits broad spectrum but limited insecticidal ability against many pests. So there is an urgent need to synthesize novel derivatives with high efficiency. In the present study, a new synthetic compound, [1-(2-naphthyl)-3-(2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl) β-carboline] (ZC-14), showed a strong proliferation inhibition effect against the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, apoptosis induced by 7.5 μg/mL ZC-14 was confirmed with physiological and biochemical evidence, including typical apoptosis characteristics with shrinkage, apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation/fragmentation, a clear DNA ladder, and a series of apoptotic rates. In addition, mitochondria were confirmed to be involved in apoptosis induced by ZC-14 accompanied with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and increased expression of cleaved-caspase-3. However, harmine could not induce apoptosis at the same concentration. In summary, these data indicated that compound ZC-14 has a higher cytotoxicity than harmine against Sf9 cells. Besides, it exhibited an anti-proliferative effect in Sf9 cells via inducing apoptosis in which the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Das K, Satpathi S, Hazra P. Effect of Bile Salt Aggregates on the Prototropic Equilibria of Harmine, a Fluorescent β-Carboline Alkaloid. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konoya Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008), Maharashtra India
| | - Sagar Satpathi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008), Maharashtra India
| | - Partha Hazra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008), Maharashtra India
- Centre for Energy Science; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER); Pune 411008), Maharashtra India
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Savoldi R, Polari D, Pinheiro-da-Silva J, Silva PF, Lobao-Soares B, Yonamine M, Freire FAM, Luchiari AC. Behavioral Changes Over Time Following Ayahuasca Exposure in Zebrafish. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:139. [PMID: 28804451 PMCID: PMC5532431 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined infusion of Banisteriopsis caapi stem and Psychotria viridis leaves, known as ayahuasca, has been used for centuries by indigenous tribes. The infusion is rich in N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, with properties similar to those of serotonin. Despite substantial progress in the development of new drugs to treat anxiety and depression, current treatments have several limitations. Alternative drugs, such as ayahuasca, may shed light on these disorders. Here, we present time-course behavioral changes induced by ayahuasca in zebrafish, as first step toward establishing an ideal concentration for pre-clinical evaluations. We exposed adult zebrafish to five concentrations of the ayahuasca infusion: 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3 ml/L (n = 14 each group), and behavior was recorded for 60 min. We evaluated swimming speed, distance traveled, freezing and bottom dwelling every min for 60 min. Swimming speed and distance traveled decreased with an increase in ayahuasca concentration while freezing increased with 1 and 3 ml/L. Bottom dwelling increased with 1 and 3 ml/L, but declined with 0.1 ml/L. Our data suggest that small amounts of ayahuasca do not affect locomotion and reduce anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish, while increased doses of the drug lead to crescent anxiogenic effects. We conclude that the temporal analysis of zebrafish behavior is a sensitive method for the study of ayahuasca-induced functional changes in the vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Savoldi
- Luchiari Lab, Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Polari
- Luchiari Lab, Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila F Silva
- Luchiari Lab, Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobao-Soares
- Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A M Freire
- Aquatic Fauna Lab, Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
| | - Ana C Luchiari
- Luchiari Lab, Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil
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Bálint B, Wéber C, Cruzalegui F, Burbridge M, Kotschy A. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Harmine Derivatives with Different Selectivity Profiles in Kinase versus Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:932-939. [PMID: 28264138 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is an emerging biological target with implications in diverse therapeutic areas such as neurological disorders (Down syndrome, in particular), metabolism, and oncology. Harmine, a natural product that selectively inhibits DYRK1A amongst kinases, could serve as a tool compound to better understand the biological processes that arise from DYRK1A inhibition. On the other hand, harmine is also a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Using structure-based design, we synthesized a collection of harmine analogues with tunable selectivity toward these two enzymes. Modifications at the 7-position typically decreased affinity for DYRK1A, whereas substitution at the 9-position had a similar effect on MAO-A inhibition but DYRK1A inhibition was maintained. The resulting collection of compounds can help to understand the biological role of DYRK1A and also to assess the interference in the biological effect originating in MAO-A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bálint
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7, 1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Wéber
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7, 1031, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Institute de Recherche Servier, 50 Rue Carnot, Suresnes, 92150, France
- Present address: Pierre Fabre R&D Centre, 3 Av. Hubert Curien, 31035, Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Mike Burbridge
- Institute de Recherche Servier, 50 Rue Carnot, Suresnes, 92150, France
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7, 1031, Budapest, Hungary
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Li S, Cheng X, Wang C. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:127-162. [PMID: 28359849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Peganum have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, jaundice, colic, lumbago, and many other human ailments. Additionally, the plants can be used as an amulet against evil-eye, dye and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, Iran, Northwest India, and North Africa. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and drug interaction of the genus Peganum in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on studies of the genus Peganum was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD and MS's dissertations. RESULTS The genus Peganum has played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. The main bioactive metabolites of the genus include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities, antitumor, anti-hypertension, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiparasidal, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, there is some evidence for extracts' pharmacological effects on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, cancer, diabetes, hypertension. Some indications from ethnomedicine have been confirmed by pharmacological effects, such as the cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activities, hypoglycemic and vasodilation effects of this genus. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the genus Peganum can be attributed to the active alkaloids. Data regarding many aspects of the genus such as mechanisms of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited which call for additional studies particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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C5 induces different cell death pathways in promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effect of Alkaloids Isolated from Phyllodium pulchellum on Monoamine Levels and Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Rat Brain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6826175. [PMID: 27195015 PMCID: PMC4852339 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6826175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phyllodium pulchellum (P. pulchellum) is a folk medicine with a significant number of bioactivities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects displayed by alkaloids fractions, isolated from the roots of P. pulchellum, on neurotransmitters monoamine levels and on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Six alkaloids, which had indolealkylamine or β-carboline skeleton, were obtained by chromatographic technologies and identified by spectroscopic methods such as NMR and MS. After treatment with alkaloids of P. pulchellum, the reduction of DA levels (54.55%) and 5-HT levels (35.01%) in rat brain was observed by HPLC-FLD. The effect of alkaloids on the monoamines metabolism was mainly related to MAO inhibition, characterized by IC50 values of 37.35 ± 6.41 and 126.53 ± 5.39 μg/mL for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. The acute toxicity indicated that P. pulchellum extract was nontoxic.
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Jiang XL, Shen HW, Yu AM. Potentiation of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced hyperthermia by harmaline and the involvement of activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 89:342-51. [PMID: 25446678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and harmaline are serotonin (5-HT) analogs often abused together, which alters thermoregulation that may indicate the severity of serotonin toxicity. Our recent studies have revealed that co-administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitor harmaline leads to greater and prolonged exposure to 5-HT agonist 5-MeO-DMT that might be influenced by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) status. This study was to define the effects of harmaline and 5-MeO-DMT on thermoregulation in wild-type and CYP2D6-humanized (Tg-CYP2D6) mice, as well as the involvement of 5-HT receptors. Animal core body temperatures were monitored noninvasively in the home cages after implantation of telemetry transmitters and administration of drugs. Harmaline (5 and 15 mg/kg, i.p.) alone was shown to induce hypothermia that was significantly affected by CYP2D6 status. In contrast, higher doses of 5-MeO-DMT (10 and 20 mg/kg) alone caused hyperthermia. Co-administration of harmaline (2, 5 or 15 mg/kg) remarkably potentiated the hyperthermia elicited by 5-MeO-DMT (2 or 10 mg/kg), which might be influenced by CYP2D6 status at certain dose combination. Interestingly, harmaline-induced hypothermia was only attenuated by 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635, whereas 5-MeO-DMT- and harmaline-5-MeO-DMT-induced hyperthermia could be suppressed by either WAY-100635 or 5-HT2A receptor antagonists (MDL-100907 and ketanserin). Moreover, stress-induced hyperthermia under home cage conditions was not affected by WAY-100635 but surprisingly attenuated by MDL-100907 and ketanserin. Our results indicate that co-administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitor largely potentiates 5-MeO-DMT-induced hyperthermia that involves the activation of both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. These findings shall provide insights into development of anxiolytic drugs and new strategies to relieve the lethal hyperthermia in serotonin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-8033, USA
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Domonkos C, Zsila F, Fitos I, Visy J, Kassai R, Bálint B, Kotschy A. Synthesis and serum protein binding of novel ring-substituted harmine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential anticancer derivatives of the β-carboline alkaloid harmine exhibit substituent dependent serum protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celesztina Domonkos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Ilona Fitos
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Júlia Visy
- Research Group of Chemical Biology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Rudolf Kassai
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Balázs Bálint
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - András Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- Budapest
- Hungary
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39
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Brennan KA, Laugesen M, Truman P. Whole tobacco smoke extracts to model tobacco dependence in animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:53-69. [PMID: 25064817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco is highly addictive and a leading preventable cause of death. The main addictive constituent is nicotine; consequently it has been administered to laboratory animals to model tobacco dependence. Despite extensive use, this model might not best reflect the powerful nature of tobacco dependence because nicotine is a weak reinforcer, the pharmacology of smoke is complex and non-pharmacological factors have a critical role. These limitations have led researchers to expose animals to smoke via the inhalative route, or to administer aqueous smoke extracts to produce more representative models. The aim was to review the findings from molecular/behavioural studies comparing the effects of nicotine to tobacco/smoke extracts to determine whether the extracts produce a distinct model. Indeed, nicotine and tobacco extracts yielded differential effects, supporting the initiative to use extracts as a complement to nicotine. Of the behavioural tests, intravenous self-administration experiments most clearly revealed behavioural differences between nicotine and extracts. Thus, future applications for use of this behavioural model were proposed that could offer new insights into tobacco dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Brennan
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Murray Laugesen
- Health New Zealand Ltd, 36 Winchester St, Lyttelton, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, PO Box 50348, Porirua 5240, New Zealand
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40
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Schmitt C, Kail D, Mariano M, Empting M, Weber N, Paul T, Hartmann RW, Engel M. Design and synthesis of a library of lead-like 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as selective Dyrk/Clk inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87851. [PMID: 24676346 PMCID: PMC3968014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dyrk family of protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors were mainly described for Dyrk1A so far, but in fewer cases for Dyrk1B, Dyrk2 or other isoforms. Herein, we report the development and optimization of 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as a novel class of Dyrk inhibitors. The optimized hit compounds displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and high ligand efficiencies, and inhibited Dyrk1B in intact cells. In a larger selectivity screen, only Clk1 and Clk4 were identified as additional targets of compound 48, but no other kinases frequently reported as off-targets. Interestingly, Dyrk1A is implicated in the regulation of alternative splicing, a function shared with Clk1/Clk4; thus, some of the dual inhibitors might be useful as efficient splicing modulators. A further compound (29) inhibited Dyrk1A and 1B with an IC50 of 130 nM, showing a moderate selectivity over Dyrk2. Since penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) seems possible based on the physicochemical properties, this compound might serve as a lead for the development of potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma. Furthermore, an inhibitor selective for Dyrk2 (24) was also identified, which might be are suitable as a pharmacological tool to dissect Dyrk2 isoform-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Marica Mariano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tamara Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Del Bello F, Diamanti E, Giannella M, Mammoli V, Mattioli L, Titomanlio F, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Lanza M, Sabatini C, Caselli G, Poggesi E, Pigini M. Exploring multitarget interactions to reduce opiate withdrawal syndrome and psychiatric comorbidity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:875-9. [PMID: 24900763 DOI: 10.1021/ml400232p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid addiction is often characterized as a chronic relapsing condition due to the severe somatic and behavioral signs, associated with depressive disorders, triggered by opiate withdrawal. Since prolonged abstinence remains a major challenge, our interest has been addressed to such objective. Exploring multitarget interactions, the present investigation suggests that 3 or its (S)-enantiomer and 4, endowed with effective α2C-AR agonism/α2A-AR antagonism/5-HT1A-R agonism, or 7 and 9-11 producing efficacious α2C-AR agonism/α2A-AR antagonism/I2-IBS interaction might represent novel multifunctional tools potentially useful for reducing withdrawal syndrome and associated depression. Such agents, lacking in sedative side effects due to their α2A-AR antagonism, might afford an improvement over current therapies with clonidine-like drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Diamanti
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Giannella
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valerio Mammoli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Mattioli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy
Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna
delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Titomanlio
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy
Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna
delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marco Lanza
- Pharmacology & Toxicology
Department, Rottapharm-Madaus, 20052 Monza,
Italy
| | - Chiara Sabatini
- Pharmacology & Toxicology
Department, Rottapharm-Madaus, 20052 Monza,
Italy
| | - Gianfranco Caselli
- Pharmacology & Toxicology
Department, Rottapharm-Madaus, 20052 Monza,
Italy
| | - Elena Poggesi
- Recordati S.pA., Drug Discovery, Via Civitali 1, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Pigini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Brennan KA, Putt F, Truman P. Nicotine-, tobacco particulate matter- and methamphetamine-produced locomotor sensitisation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:659-72. [PMID: 23519574 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Repeated nicotine exposure produces a weak and transient sensitised locomotor response in rats. Since tobacco smoke contains thousands of non-nicotine chemical constituents, these could alter the sensitised response. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the magnitude, persistence and spatial distribution of locomotor sensitisation produced by repeated doses of nicotine, aqueous tobacco particulate matter (TPM) and a positive methamphetamine control. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received five nicotine (0.0, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg), TPM (containing 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg nicotine) or methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) injections every second day, followed by a 4-day withdrawal before the first challenge (Challenge 1, C1). The animals were re-challenged again at 15 days post C1 to test for the persistence of sensitisation (Challenge 2, C2). RESULTS There were no major differences in sensitisation profile between nicotine and TPM. At the lowest 0.2 mg/kg nicotine/TPM dose, however, small differences emerged on select test days. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the non-nicotinic agents in TPM did not greatly impact the nicotine-produced locomotor-sensitised response. These findings might suggest that the differential pharmacological properties of TPM do not have major clinical significance. Alternatively, the locomotor model might not expose effects of non-nicotinic constituents, and furthermore, might not closely relate to human tobacco dependence. Different reward-related behavioural models should also be utilised to assess potential effects of non-nicotinic constituents before a role in dependence is discounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Brennan
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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43
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Brierley DI, Davidson C. Developments in harmine pharmacology--implications for ayahuasca use and drug-dependence treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:263-72. [PMID: 22691716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic botanical mixture originating in the Amazon area where it is used ritually, but is now being taken globally. The 2 main constituents of ayahuasca are N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a hallucinogen, and harmine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) which attenuates the breakdown of DMT, which would otherwise be broken down very quickly after oral consumption. Recent developments in ayahuasca use include the sale of these compounds on the internet and the substitution of related botanical (anahuasca) or synthetic (pharmahuasca) compounds to achieve the same desired hallucinogenic effects. One intriguing result of ayahuasca use appears to be improved mental health and a reduction in recidivism to alternate (alcohol, cocaine) drug use. In this review we discuss the pharmacology of ayahuasca, with a focus on harmine, and suggest pharmacological mechanisms for the putative reduction in recidivism to alcohol and cocaine misuse. These pharmacological mechanisms include MAOI, effects at 5-HT(2A) and imidazoline receptors and inhibition of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) and the dopamine transporter. We also speculate on the therapeutic potential of harmine in other CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Brierley
- Pharmacology & Cell Physiology, Division of Biomedical Science, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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Handforth A. Harmaline tremor: underlying mechanisms in a potential animal model of essential tremor. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 2. [PMID: 23440018 PMCID: PMC3572699 DOI: 10.7916/d8td9w2p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmaline and harmine are tremorigenic β-carbolines that, on administration to experimental animals, induce an acute postural and kinetic tremor of axial and truncal musculature. This drug-induced action tremor has been proposed as a model of essential tremor. Here we review what is known about harmaline tremor. METHODS Using the terms harmaline and harmine on PubMed, we searched for papers describing the effects of these β-carbolines on mammalian tissue, animals, or humans. RESULTS Investigations over four decades have shown that harmaline induces rhythmic burst-firing activity in the medial and dorsal accessory inferior olivary nuclei that is transmitted via climbing fibers to Purkinje cells and to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then to brainstem and spinal cord motoneurons. The critical structures required for tremor expression are the inferior olive, climbing fibers, and the deep cerebellar nuclei; Purkinje cells are not required. Enhanced synaptic norepinephrine or blockade of ionic glutamate receptors suppresses tremor, whereas enhanced synaptic serotonin exacerbates tremor. Benzodiazepines and muscimol suppress tremor. Alcohol suppresses harmaline tremor but exacerbates harmaline-associated neural damage. Recent investigations on the mechanism of harmaline tremor have focused on the T-type calcium channel. DISCUSSION Like essential tremor, harmaline tremor involves the cerebellum, and classic medications for essential tremor have been found to suppress harmaline tremor, leading to utilization of the harmaline model for preclinical testing of antitremor drugs. Limitations are that the model is acute, unlike essential tremor, and only approximately half of the drugs reported to suppress harmaline tremor are subsequently found to suppress tremor in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Handforth
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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45
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Halberstadt AL, Nichols DE, Geyer MA. Behavioral effects of α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT in rats: comparison with 5-MeO-DMT administered in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:709-18. [PMID: 22222861 PMCID: PMC3796951 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ayahuasca is a psychoactive tea prepared from a combination of plants that contain a hallucinogenic tryptamine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) experiments demonstrated that the combination of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and a behaviorally inactive dose of an MAO(A) inhibitor such as harmaline or clorgyline induces biphasic effects on locomotor activity in rats, initially reducing locomotion and then increasing activity as time progresses. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated whether the biphasic locomotor profile induced by the combination of 5-MeO-DMT and an MAOI is a consequence of a reduction in the rate of 5-MeO-DMT metabolism. This hypothesis was tested using a deuterated derivative of 5-MeO-DMT (α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT) that is resistant to metabolism by MAO. RESULTS Confirming our previous findings, 1.0 mg/kg 5-MeO-DMT (s.c.) had biphasic effects on locomotor activity in rats pretreated with a behaviorally inactive dose of the nonselective MAOI pargyline (10 mg/kg). Administration of 5-MeO-DMT alone, even at doses greater than 1.0 mg/kg, produced only reductions in locomotor activity. Although low doses of α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) produced only hypoactivity in the BPM, a dose of 3.0 mg/kg induced a biphasic locomotor profile similar to that produced by the combination of 5-MeO-DMT and an MAOI. Receptor binding studies demonstrated that deuterium substitution had little effect on the affinity of 5-MeO-DMT for a wide variety of neurotransmitter binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The finding with α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT indicates that the hyperactivity induced by 5-MeO-DMT after MAO inhibition is a consequence of reduced metabolism of 5-MeO-DMT, leading to prolonged occupation of central serotonin receptors. These results demonstrate that deuterated tryptamines may be useful in behavioral and pharmacological studies to mimic the effects of tryptamine/MAOI combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David E. Nichols
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy – RHPH, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Mark A. Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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The antinociceptive activity of harmicine on chemical-induced neurogenic and inflammatory pain models in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:133-8. [PMID: 22507912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Harmicine is a β-carboline alkaloid isolated and identified as a major active compound present in many plant species and marine invertebrates. This alkaloid exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antispasmodic, antipyretic, and anticancer properties. This report described the antinociceptive properties of harmicine by means of chemical experimental models in order to evaluate the use for pain relief. The results demonstrating the potential analgesic properties of harmicine administered intraperitoneally were shown with the writhing test, reducing writhes around 60% (1 mg/kg), and in the formalin test, where harmicine was more effective toward neurogenic (reducing reaction time around 60%, 1 mg/kg) than inflammatory (68% reduction, 10 mg/kg) pain responses. Furthermore, these effects may operate via vanilloid receptors as revealed by the capsaicin test (41% reduction, with 3 mg/kg), as well as via peripheral glutamate receptors as shown by the glutamate test (50% reduction, with 1 mg/kg). Moreover, the opioid antagonist naloxone hydrochloride did not interfere in the antinociceptive properties of harmicine in the writhing test, revealing that this effect may not have a relationship with the opioid systems. Concluding, this report highlights harmicine as a new candidate to be used as analgesic in the future. Therefore, further studies are being undertaken in order to understand the exact mechanisms involved with the antinociceptive properties of harmicine.
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Differential regulation of RGS proteins in the prefrontal cortex of short- and long-term human opiate abusers. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:1044-51. [PMID: 22056472 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opiate addiction is characterized by drug tolerance and dependence which involve adaptive changes in μ-opioid receptors (MORs) signaling. Regulators of G-protein signaling RGS9, RGS4 and RGS10 proteins negatively regulate G(αi/o) protein activity modulating MOR function. An important role of RGS proteins in drug addiction has been described but the status of RGS proteins in human brain of opiate addicts remains unknown. The present study evaluated the immunoreactivity levels of RGS4, RGS9 and RGS10 proteins in prefrontal cortex of short- (n = 15) and long-term (n = 21) opiate abusers and in matched control subjects. RGS4 protein was not altered in short-term opiate abusers but, in long-term abusers it was significantly up-regulated (Δ = 29 ± 6%). RGS10 protein expression was significantly decreased in short-term (Δ = -42 ± 7%) but remained unaltered in long-term opiate abusers. RGS9 protein levels in opiate abusers did not differ from matched controls either in the short-term or in the long-term opiate abuser groups. RGS4, RGS9 and RGS10 levels were also studied in brains (frontal cortex) of rats submitted to acute and chronic morphine treatment and to spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal. Chronic morphine treatment in rats was associated with an increase in RGS4 protein immunoreactivity (Δ = 28 ± 7%), which persisted in spontaneous (Δ = 35 ± 8%) and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (Δ = 30 ± 9%) without significant changes in RGS9 and RGS10 proteins. The specific modulation of RGS4 and RGS10 protein expression observed in the prefrontal cortex of opiate abusers might be relevant in the neurobiology of opiate tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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49
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Dixon Clarke SE, Ramsay RR. Dietary inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:1031-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Chen Z, Cao R, Yu L, Shi B, Sun J, Guo L, Ma Q, Yi W, Song X, Song H. Synthesis, cytotoxic activities and DNA binding properties of β-carboline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4740-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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