1
|
Datta D, Yang S, Joyce MKP, Woo E, McCarroll SA, Gonzalez-Burgos G, Perone I, Uchendu S, Ling E, Goldman M, Berretta S, Murray J, Morozov Y, Arellano J, Duque A, Rakic P, O’Dell R, van Dyck CH, Lewis DA, Wang M, Krienen FM, Arnsten AFT. Key Roles of CACNA1C/Cav1.2 and CALB1/Calbindin in Prefrontal Neurons Altered in Cognitive Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2818736. [PMID: 38776078 PMCID: PMC11112502 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance The risk of mental disorders is consistently associated with variants in CACNA1C (L-type calcium channel Cav1.2) but it is not known why these channels are critical to cognition, and whether they affect the layer III pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex that are especially vulnerable in cognitive disorders. Objective To examine the molecular mechanisms expressed in layer III pyramidal cells in primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Design, Setting, and Participants The design included transcriptomic analyses from human and macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and connectivity, protein expression, physiology, and cognitive behavior in macaques. The research was performed in academic laboratories at Yale, Harvard, Princeton, and the University of Pittsburgh. As dorsolateral prefrontal cortex only exists in primates, the work evaluated humans and macaques. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcome measures included transcriptomic signatures of human and macaque pyramidal cells, protein expression and interactions in layer III macaque pyramidal cells using light and electron microscopy, changes in neuronal firing during spatial working memory, and working memory performance following pharmacological treatments. Results Layer III pyramidal cells in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coexpress a constellation of calcium-related proteins, delineated by CALB1 (calbindin), and high levels of CACNA1C (Cav1.2), GRIN2B (NMDA receptor GluN2B), and KCNN3 (SK3 potassium channel), concentrated in dendritic spines near the calcium-storing smooth endoplasmic reticulum. L-type calcium channels influenced neuronal firing needed for working memory, where either blockade or increased drive by β1-adrenoceptors, reduced neuronal firing by a mean (SD) 37.3% (5.5%) or 40% (6.3%), respectively, the latter via SK potassium channel opening. An L-type calcium channel blocker or β1-adrenoceptor antagonist protected working memory from stress. Conclusions and Relevance The layer III pyramidal cells in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex especially vulnerable in cognitive disorders differentially express calbindin and a constellation of calcium-related proteins including L-type calcium channels Cav1.2 (CACNA1C), GluN2B-NMDA receptors (GRIN2B), and SK3 potassium channels (KCNN3), which influence memory-related neuronal firing. The finding that either inadequate or excessive L-type calcium channel activation reduced neuronal firing explains why either loss- or gain-of-function variants in CACNA1C were associated with increased risk of cognitive disorders. The selective expression of calbindin in these pyramidal cells highlights the importance of regulatory mechanisms in neurons with high calcium signaling, consistent with Alzheimer tau pathology emerging when calbindin is lost with age and/or inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mary Kate P. Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Isabella Perone
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stacy Uchendu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emi Ling
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Goldman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yury Morozov
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jon Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan O’Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher H. van Dyck
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David A. Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fenna M. Krienen
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Amy F. T. Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang Y, Xie X, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang H. Exploring clinical applications and long-term effectiveness of benzodiazepines: An integrated perspective on mechanisms, imaging, and personalized medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116329. [PMID: 38401518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines have been long-established treatments for various conditions, including anxiety disorders and insomnia. Recent FDA warnings emphasize the risks of misuse and dependence associated with benzodiazepines. This article highlights their benefits and potential drawbacks from various perspectives. It achieves this by explaining how benzodiazepines work in terms of neuroendocrinology, immunomodulation, sleep, anxiety, cognition, and addiction, ultimately improving their clinical effectiveness. Benzodiazepines play a regulatory role in the HPA axis and impact various systems, including neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin. Benzodiazepines can facilitate sleep-dependent memory consolidation by promoting spindle wave activity, but they can also lead to memory deficits in older individuals due to reduced slow-wave sleep. The cognitive effects of chronic benzodiazepines use remain uncertain; however, no adverse findings have been reported in clinical imaging studies. This article aims to comprehensively review the evidence on benzodiazepines therapy, emphasizing the need for more clinical studies, especially regarding long-term benzodiazepines use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueting Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palagini L, Bianchini C. Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia and effects on sleep processes, neural plasticity, and brain systems modulating stress: A narrative review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:893015. [PMID: 35968380 PMCID: PMC9374363 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.893015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionInsomnia is a stress-related sleep disorder, may favor a state of allostatic overload impairing brain neuroplasticity, stress immune and endocrine pathways, and may contribute to mental and physical disorders. In this framework, assessing and targeting insomnia is of importance.AimSince maladaptive neuroplasticity and allostatic overload are hypothesized to be related to GABAergic alterations, compounds targeting GABA may play a key role. Accordingly, the aim of this review was to discuss the effect of GABAA receptor agonists, short-medium acting hypnotic benzodiazepines and the so called Z-drugs, at a molecular level.MethodLiterature searches were done according to PRISMA guidelines. Several combinations of terms were used such as “hypnotic benzodiazepines” or “brotizolam,” or “lormetazepam” or “temazepam” or “triazolam” or “zolpidem” or “zopiclone” or “zaleplon” or “eszopiclone” and “insomnia” and “effects on sleep” and “effect on brain plasticity” and “effect on stress system”. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of existing literature, we ended up with a narrative review.ResultsAmong short-medium acting compounds, triazolam has been the most studied and may regulate the stress system at central and peripheral levels. Among Z-drugs eszopiclone may regulate the stress system. Some compounds may produce more “physiological” sleep such as brotizolam, triazolam, and eszopiclone and probably may not impair sleep processes and related neural plasticity. In particular, triazolam, eszopiclone, and zaleplon studied in vivo in animal models did not alter neuroplasticity.ConclusionCurrent models of insomnia may lead us to revise the way in which we use hypnotic compounds in clinical practice. Specifically, compounds should target sleep processes, the stress system, and sustain neural plasticity. In this framework, among the short/medium acting hypnotic benzodiazepines, triazolam has been the most studied compound while among the Z-drugs eszopiclone has demonstrated interesting effects. Both offer potential new insight for treating insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palagini
- Psychiatry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Palagini,
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basta M, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Antypa D, Li Y, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Karagkouni E, Simos P. Basal Cortisol Levels Are Increased in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Role of Insomnia and Short Sleep Duration. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:933-944. [PMID: 35404277 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequent in elderly and a risk factor for dementia. Both insomnia and increased cortisol levels are risk factors for MCI. OBJECTIVE We examined cross-sectionally whether increased cortisol levels are associated with short sleep duration (SSD) and/or the insomnia short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype, in elderly with MCI. METHODS One hundred twenty-four participants with MCI and 84 cognitively non-impaired controls (CNI)≥60 years underwent medical history, physical examination, neuropsychiatric evaluation, neuropsychological testing, 3-day actigraphy, assessment of subjective insomnia symptoms, and a single morning plasma cortisol level. The short sleep phenotypes were defined by sleep efficiency below the median of the entire sample (i.e.,≤81%) with at least one insomnia symptom (ISS) or without (SSD). ANOVA models were used to compare the various sleep phenotypes to those who did not present either short sleep or insomnia symptoms [non-insomnia (NI)]. RESULTS MCI participants had higher cortisol levels compared to the CNI group (p = 0.009). MCI participants with insomnia (n = 44) or SSD (n = 38) had higher cortisol levels compared to the NI group (n = 42; p = 0.014 and p = 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, MCI participants with ISS phenotype but not those with insomnia with normal sleep duration had higher cortisol levels compared to NI (p = 0.011 and p = 0.4, respectively). Both linear trend analyses showed that cortisol reached the highest levels in the ISS phenotype. CONCLUSION The ISS and SSD phenotypes are associated with increased cortisol levels in elderly with MCI. Improving sleep quality and duration and decreasing cortisol levels may delay further cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Despina Antypa
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Symeon Panagiotakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efthalia Karagkouni
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vgontzas AN, Puzino K, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Krishnamurthy VB, Basta M, Bixler EO. Effects of trazodone versus cognitive behavioral therapy in the insomnia with short sleep duration phenotype: a preliminary study. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 16:2009-2019. [PMID: 32780015 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype is associated with increased risk for adverse health outcomes, physiological hyperarousal, and a blunted response to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Whether insomnia with objective short sleep duration responds better to pharmacological treatment compared to CBT-I has not been examined. METHODS Participants included 15 patients with chronic insomnia (86.7% female), aged 45.3 ± 8.1 years. Eight patients were randomized to CBT-I and 7 to trazodone. Patients were examined with 2 weeks of actigraphy, salivary cortisol, and the insomnia severity index at 3 time points (pretreatment, 3-month posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up). Mixed between-within-subjects analysis of variance and univariate analysis of covariance were conducted to assess the impact of trazodone and CBT-I on patients' total sleep time, salivary cortisol, and insomnia severity index scores across the 3 time points. RESULTS Trazodone, but not CBT-I, significantly lengthened total sleep time (when measured with actigraphy) both at posttreatment (51.01 minutes vs -11.73 minutes; P = .051; Cohen's d = 1.383) and at follow-up (50.35 minutes vs -7.56 minutes; P = .012; Cohen's d = 1.725), respectively. In addition, trazodone, but not CBT-I, showed a clinically meaningful decrease in salivary cortisol from pretreatment to posttreatment (-36.07% vs -11.70%; Cohen's d = 0.793) and from pretreatment to follow-up (-21.37% vs -5.79%; Cohen's d = 0.284), respectively. Finally, there were no differences on insomnia severity index scores between the trazodone and the CBT-I groups. CONCLUSIONS The current preliminary, open-label, randomized trial suggests that trazodone, but not CBT-I, significantly improves objective sleep duration and reduces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, suggesting a differential treatment response in the insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Study of Trazodone & Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Insomnia; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01348542; Identifier: NCT01348542.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristina Puzino
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Venkatesh Basappa Krishnamurthy
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Understanding the effects of chronic benzodiazepine use in depression: a focus on neuropharmacology. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 35:243-253. [PMID: 32459725 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed on an ongoing basis to individuals with depression, mainly to alleviate anxiety or insomnia, despite current guideline recommendations that continuous use should not exceed 4 weeks. Currently, there are no efficacy trials published beyond 8 weeks. Several antidepressant trials demonstrate that the concomitant use of a benzodiazepine is associated with poorer depressive outcomes and functional status; however, it is unclear why this is the case. Patients with depression receiving a benzodiazepine may reflect a more ill or high anxiety group, although even within anxiety disorders, the use of a benzodiazepine is associated with poorer outcomes. The neuroadaptive consequences of long-term benzodiazepine use may be a factor underlying these findings. Chronic benzodiazepine use results in decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid and monoaminergic function, as well as interference with neurogenesis, which are all purported to play a role in antidepressant efficacy. This review will discuss the oppositional neuropharmacological interactions between chronic benzodiazepine use and antidepressant mechanism of action, which could result in reduced antidepressant efficacy and function in depression.
Collapse
|
7
|
DeVuono MV, La Caprara O, Sullivan MT, Bath A, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA. Role of the stress response and the endocannabinoid system in Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2187-2199. [PMID: 32399633 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dysregulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system by high doses of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is hypothesized to generate a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis contributing to cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Using the conditioned gaping model of nausea, we aimed to determine if pre-treatments that interfere with stress, or an anti-emetic drug, interfere with THC-induced nausea in male rats. The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) antagonist, antalarmin, was given to inhibit the HPA axis during conditioning. Since eCBs inhibit stress, MJN110 (which elevates 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG)) and URB597 (which elevates anandamide (AEA)) were also tested. Propranolol (β-adrenergic antagonist) and WAY-100635 (5-HT1A antagonist) attenuate HPA activation by cannabinoids and, therefore, were assessed. In humans, CHS symptoms are not alleviated by anti-emetic drugs, such as ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist); however, benzodiazepines are effective. Therefore, ondansetron and chlordiazepoxide were tested. To determine if HPA activation by THC is dose-dependent, corticosterone (CORT) was analyzed from serum of rats treated with 0.0, 0.5, or 10 mg/kg THC. RESULTS Antalarmin (10 and 20 mg/kg), MJN110 (10 mg/kg), URB597 (0.3 mg/kg), propranolol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), WAY-100635 (0.5 mg/kg), and chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) interfered with THC-induced conditioned gaping, but the anti-emetic ondansetron (0.1 and 0.01 mg/kg) did not. THC produced significantly higher CORT levels at 10 mg/kg than at 0.0 and 0.5 mg/kg THC. CONCLUSIONS Treatments that interfere with the stress response also inhibit THC-induced conditioned gaping, but a typical anti-emetic drug does not, supporting the hypothesis that THC-induced nausea, and CHS, is a result of a dysregulated stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieka V DeVuono
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olivia La Caprara
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Megan T Sullivan
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Bath
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gavin N Petrie
- Departments of Cell Biology and, Anatomy and Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Limebeer
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erin M Rock
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Departments of Cell Biology and, Anatomy and Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Linda A Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo H, Wood K, Shi FD, Gao F, Chang Y. Suramin is a novel competitive antagonist selective to α1β2γ2 GABA A over ρ1 GABA C receptors. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:148-157. [PMID: 30172846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GABAA and GABAC receptors are both GABA-gated chloride channels with distinct pharmacological properties, mainly in their sensitivity to bicuculline and gabazine. In this study, we found that suramin, a purinergic receptor antagonist, is a novel competitive antagonist selective to GABAA over GABAC receptors. Specifically, suramin antagonized the GABA-induced current and the spontaneous opening current of the wild type α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor with high-level expression in Xenopus oocytes. The antagonism was concentration dependent with an IC50 that varied depending on the concentration of GABA, and with the lowest IC50 of 0.43 μM when antagonizing the spontaneous current. Thus, its potency is slightly higher than bicuculline on the same GABAA receptor. Suramin also antagonized the mouse native brain GABA receptors micro-transplanted into the Xenopus oocytes with its potency depending on the GABA concentration. In addition, in the presence of two fixed concentrations of suramin, the GABA concentration response of the receptor was shifted to the right without reduction of the maximum current. Thus, our results are consistent with that suramin is a competitive antagonist for the α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor. Interestingly, the rank order of maximum allosteric inhibition (efficacy) of spontaneous current of the GABAA receptor by three competitive antagonists was suramin > bicuculline > gabazine, similar to the rank order of their molecular weight. In contrast, similar to bicuculline, suramin has much lower potency in antagonizing the GABA-induced current of the ρ1 GABAC receptor. In conclusion, we have identified a novel GABAA receptor competitive antagonist, which is selective to the α1β2γ2 over ρ1 GABA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristofer Wood
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elucidation of the neural circuits activated by a GABA B receptor positive modulator: Relevance to anxiety. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:129-145. [PMID: 28734870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there is much evidence for a role of GABAB receptors in the pathophysiology of anxiety, the underlying neuronal mechanisms are largely unclear. The GABAB receptor allosteric positive modulator, GS39783, exerts anxiolytic effects without interfering with GABAB-mediated modulation of body temperature, cognitive performance and locomotor activity thus offering advantages over GABAB receptor agonists. However, the precise neural circuits underlying the anxiolytic effects of GS39783 are unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify brain structures and associated neuronal circuits that are modulated by GS39783 under either basal or mild stress conditions. To this end, the expression pattern of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was examined in mice acutely treated with GS39783 under basal conditions or following a mild anxiogenic challenge induced by exposure to the Open Arm (OA) of an Elevated Plus Maze. OA exposure enhanced c-Fos expression in vehicle-treated animals in several brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral septum, amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Under basal conditions, GS39783 increased c-Fos in a restricted panel of areas notably amygdala nuclei, cortical areas and PAG subregions, while it inhibited c-Fos expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Under stress conditions, GS39783 reversed OA-induced c-Fos expression in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus, no longer increased c-Fos expression in the amygdala nor reduced c-Fos expression in the DRN. These specific patterns of neural activation by GS39783 might explain the neurobiological correlates implicated in GABAB-mediated anti-anxiety effects. This article is part of the "Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery".
Collapse
|
10
|
Bergler-Czop B, Miziołek B, Brzezińska-Wcisło L. Alopecia areata - hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a myth? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1555-1561. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bergler-Czop
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine in Katowice; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Katowice Poland
| | - B. Miziołek
- Department of Dermatology; Andrzej Mielęcki Silesian Independent Public Clinic in Katowice; Katowice Poland
| | - L. Brzezińska-Wcisło
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine in Katowice; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Katowice Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Besnier E, Clavier T, Compere V. The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Anesthetics. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1181-1189. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
12
|
Spiers JG, Chen HJC, Steyn FJ, Lavidis NA, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Noninvasive assessment of altered activity following restraint in mice using an automated physiological monitoring system. Stress 2017; 20:59-67. [PMID: 28027673 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1276898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the laboratory setting, typical endocrine and targeted behavioral tests are limited in their ability to provide a direct assessment of stress in animals housed in undisturbed conditions. We hypothesized that an automated phenotyping system would allow the detection of subtle stress-related behavioral changes well beyond the time-frames examined using conventional methods. In this study, we have utilized the TSE PhenoMaster system to continuously record basal behaviors and physiological parameters including activity, body weight, food intake and oxygen consumption in undisturbed and stressed C57Bl/6J male mice (n = 12/group), with a pharmacological intervention using the conventional anxiolytic, diazepam (5 mg kg-1 i.p.; n = 8/group). We observed significant 20-30% reductions in locomotor activity in the dark phase, with subtle reductions in light phase activity for up to 96 h following a single 2 h episode of restraint stress. A single administration of diazepam reduced plasma corticosterone concentrations by 30-35% during stress exposure when compared to mice treated with vehicle. This treatment did not result in significantly different locomotor activity compared to vehicle within the first 48 h following restraint stress. However, diazepam treatment facilitated restoration of locomotor activity at 72 and 96 h after restraint stress exposure in comparison to vehicle-treated mice. Hence, the use of an automated phenotyping system allows a real time assessment of basal behaviors and empirical metabolism following exposure to restraint stress and demonstrates major and subtle changes in activity persist for several days after stress exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jereme G Spiers
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
| | | | - Frederik J Steyn
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
- b Integrated Physiology Facility , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
- c University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| | - Nickolas A Lavidis
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
| | - John D Lee
- a School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Australia
- c University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Herston , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hinchcliffe JK, Stuart SA, Mendl M, Robinson ESJ. Further validation of the affective bias test for predicting antidepressant and pro-depressant risk: effects of pharmacological and social manipulations in male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3105-3116. [PMID: 28735366 PMCID: PMC5597685 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Affective biases are hypothesised to contribute to the cause and treatment of mood disorders. We have previously found that affective biases, associated with learning and memory, are observed following acute treatments with a range of antidepressant and pro-depressant manipulations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test if similar biases are observed in male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We also test whether the stress hormone, corticosterone, induces a negative bias in the affective bias test (ABT) consistent with its putative role in the development of depression. We then use a meta-analysis to compare our findings with data published for the Lister Hooded rats. METHODS The ABT uses a within-subject study design where animals learn to associate distinct digging substrates, encountered on different days, with the same value food reward. Exposure to one substrate is paired with a treatment manipulation (drug or environmental) and the other with a control condition. A preference test is used to test if the treatment has induced a positive or negative bias. RESULTS Consistent with previous data, both male and female SD rats exhibit similar positive affective biases following treatment with the antidepressant, venlafaxine, and social play and negative affective biases following FG 7142 (benzodiazepine inverse agonist) and social stress. Acute treatment with corticosterone induced a negative bias. CONCLUSIONS These data add to the translational validity of the ABT and suggest that corticosterone can induce a negative affective bias following acute treatment, an effect which may contribute to its long-term effects on mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna K. Hinchcliffe
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| | - Sarah A. Stuart
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| | - Michael Mendl
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU UK
| | - Emma S. J. Robinson
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park J, Wood J, Bondi C, Del Arco A, Moghaddam B. Anxiety Evokes Hypofrontality and Disrupts Rule-Relevant Encoding by Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex Neurons. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3322-35. [PMID: 26985040 PMCID: PMC4792942 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4250-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a debilitating symptom of most psychiatric disorders, including major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. A detrimental aspect of anxiety is disruption of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-mediated executive functions, such as flexible decision making. Here we sought to understand how anxiety modulates PFC neuronal encoding of flexible shifting between behavioral strategies. We used a clinically substantiated anxiogenic treatment to induce sustained anxiety in rats and recorded from dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons while they were freely moving in a home cage and while they performed a PFC-dependent task that required flexible switches between rules in two distinct perceptual dimensions. Anxiety elicited a sustained background "hypofrontality" in dmPFC and OFC by reducing the firing rate of spontaneously active neuronal subpopulations. During task performance, the impact of anxiety was subtle, but, consistent with human data, behavior was selectively impaired when previously correct conditions were presented as conflicting choices. This impairment was associated with reduced recruitment of dmPFC neurons that selectively represented task rules at the time of action. OFC rule representation was not affected by anxiety. These data indicate that a neural substrate of the decision-making deficits in anxiety is diminished dmPFC neuronal encoding of task rules during conflict-related actions. Given the translational relevance of the model used here, the data provide a neuronal encoding mechanism for how anxiety biases decision making when the choice involves overcoming a conflict. They also demonstrate that PFC encoding of actions, as opposed to cues or outcome, is especially vulnerable to anxiety. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A debilitating aspect of anxiety is its impact on decision making and flexible control of behavior. These cognitive constructs depend on proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Understanding how anxiety affects PFC encoding of cognitive events is of great clinical and evolutionary significance. Using a clinically valid experimental model, we find that, under anxiety, decision making may be skewed by salient and conflicting environmental stimuli at the expense of flexible top-down guided choices. We also find that anxiety suppresses spontaneous activity of PFC neurons, and weakens encoding of task rules by dorsomedial PFC neurons. These data provide a neuronal encoding scheme for how anxiety disengages PFC during decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchol Park
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jesse Wood
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Corina Bondi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Alberto Del Arco
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Bita Moghaddam
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin CL, Yeh MC, Harnod T, Lin CL, Kao CH. Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Nonapnea Sleep Disorders in Using Different Types of Hypnotics: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1621. [PMID: 26402831 PMCID: PMC4635771 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been insufficient evidence on whether exposure to hypnotics affects the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem, benzodiazepines (BZDs), or a combination of both, and their risk of T2DM. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from 1997 to 2011. Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were employed for this study. A total of 45,602 patients with nonapnea sleep disorders and use of hypnotics were identified as the study cohort. The control cohort comprised 40,799 age- and sex-matched patients. We conducted a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to estimate the effects of hypnotics on risk of T2DM. The overall incidence of T2DM was 20.1 per 1000 person-years for patients using zolpidem, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (11.9 per 1000 person-years). Overall, patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem had a higher risk of T2DM compared with patients not using zolpidem and the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-1.48). We also observed a significantly higher risk of T2DM in patients with both zolpidem and BZD use (adjusted HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.64-1.91) than that of those without zolpidem use and BZD use. Compared with patients not using hypnotics, patients using zolpidem had a higher risk of developing T2DM; the risk was particularly pronounced in those using both zolpidem and BZDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Lin
- From the School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (C-LL); Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (C-LL); Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (M-CY); Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (TH), College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien (TH); College of Medicine, China Medical University (C-LL); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital (C-LL); Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital (C-HK); and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HK)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zatelli MC, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Degli Uberti E. Pituitary side effects of old and new drugs. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:917-23. [PMID: 25070042 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pituitary function is influenced by several drugs, including anti-depressant, opioids, glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodulators and the newly developed tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In most instances, treatment with these drugs negatively affects pituitary function, but in rare cases an activation of specific hypothalamic-pituitary axes may be observed. Several of the observed pituitary side effects are reversible after drug withdrawal, but pituitary function deficiency may persist long-term. In addition to the well known drugs, recent evidence shows that also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs impair gonadal axis at pituitary level, while antipsychotic phenothiazines alter TSH response to TRH and TSH levels. Atypical antipsychotics may decrease TRH-stimulated TSH. Tricyclic antidepressant drugs interfere with the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis by decreasing TSH response to TRH. Anabolic-androgenic steroids, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, and opioid narcotics negatively impact fertility, also acting at hypothalamic-pituitary level. CONCLUSIONS Many of the drugs administered routinely in the intensive care unit significantly impact the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Therefore, an increased awareness on pituitary side effects of drugs commonly used in clinical practice is necessary in order to rule out possible pharmacological interference when assessing patients with pituitary deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Besnier E, Clavier T, Castel H, Gandolfo P, Morin F, Tonon MC, Marguerite C, Veber B, Dureuil B, Compère V. [Interaction between hypnotic agents and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocorticotropic axis during surgery]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 33:256-65. [PMID: 24631003 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During stress, the relationship between the central nervous system and the immune system is essential to maintain homeostasis. The main neuroendocrine system involved in this interaction is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which via the synthesis of glucocorticoids will modulate the intensity of the inflammatory response. Anaesthetic agents could be interacting with the HPA axis during surgery. Although etomidate currently remains in the center of the discussions, it seems, at least experimentally, that most hypnotics have the capacity to modulate the synthesis of adrenal steroids. Nevertheless, with the large literature on this subject, etomidate seems to be the most deleterious hypnotic agent on the HPA axis function. Its use should be limited when HPA axis is already altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Besnier
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France; Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - T Clavier
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France; Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - H Castel
- Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - P Gandolfo
- Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - F Morin
- Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - M-C Tonon
- Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - C Marguerite
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - B Veber
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - B Dureuil
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - V Compère
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale - SAMU, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen, France; Inserm U982, DC2N Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation and Communication, Astrocyte and Vascular Niche, IRIB, University of Rouen, PRES Normandy, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Licata SC, Shinday NM, Huizenga MN, Darnell SB, Sangrey GR, Rudolph U, Rowlett JK, Sadri-Vakili G. Alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the mouse hippocampus following acute but not repeated benzodiazepine treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84806. [PMID: 24367698 PMCID: PMC3868703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZs) are safe drugs for treating anxiety, sleep, and seizure disorders, but their use also results in unwanted effects including memory impairment, abuse, and dependence. The present study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the effects of BZs in the hippocampus (HIP), an area involved in drug-related plasticity, by investigating the regulation of immediate early genes following BZ administration. Previous studies have demonstrated that both brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Fos contribute to memory- and abuse-related processes that occur within the HIP, and their expression is altered in response to BZ exposure. In the current study, mice received acute or repeated administration of BZs and HIP tissue was analyzed for alterations in BDNF and c-Fos expression. Although no significant changes in BDNF or c-Fos were observed in response to twice-daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of diazepam (10 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg) or zolpidem (ZP; 2.5 mg/kg + 2.5 mg/kg), acute i.p. administration of both triazolam (0.03 mg/kg) and ZP (1.0 mg/kg) decreased BDNF protein levels within the HIP relative to vehicle, without any effect on c-Fos. ZP specifically reduced exon IV-containing BDNF transcripts with a concomitant increase in the association of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) with BDNF promoter IV, suggesting that MeCP2 activity at this promoter may represent a ZP-specific mechanism for reducing BDNF expression. ZP also increased the association of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) with BDNF promoter I. Future work should examine the interaction between ZP and DNA as the cause for altered gene expression in the HIP, given that BZs can enter the nucleus and intercalate into DNA directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Licata
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nina M. Shinday
- New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan N. Huizenga
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shayna B. Darnell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gavin R. Sangrey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James K. Rowlett
- New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- *
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shansky RM, Lipps J. Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction: hormone-neurotransmitter interactions in the prefrontal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:123. [PMID: 23576971 PMCID: PMC3617365 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and neural circuits that drive emotion and cognition are inextricably linked. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a result of stress or other causes of arousal initiates a flood of hormone and neurotransmitter release throughout the brain, affecting the way we think, decide, and behave. This review will focus on factors that influence the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region that governs higher-level cognitive processes and executive function. The PFC becomes markedly impaired by stress, producing measurable deficits in working memory. These deficits arise from the interaction of multiple neuromodulators, including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and gonadal hormones; here we will discuss the non-human primate and rodent literature that has furthered our understanding of the circuitry, receptors, and signaling cascades responsible for stress-induced prefrontal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Shansky
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Behavior, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Švob Štrac D, Muck-Šeler D, Pivac N. The involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms in the suppressive effects of diazepam on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in female rats. Croat Med J 2012; 53:214-23. [PMID: 22661134 PMCID: PMC3368292 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To elucidate the involvement of noradrenergic system in the mechanism by which diazepam suppresses basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Methods Plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were determined in female rats treated with diazepam alone, as well as with diazepam in combination with clonidine (α2-adrenoreceptor agonist), yohimbine (α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist), alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT, an inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis), or reserpine (a catecholamine depleting drug) and yohimbine. Results Diazepam administered in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg suppressed basal HPA axis activity, ie, decreased plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels. Pretreatment with clonidine or yohimbine failed to affect basal plasma corticosterone and ACTH concentrations, but abolished diazepam-induced inhibition of the HPA axis activity. Pretreatment with α-MPT, or with a combination of reserpine and yohimbine, increased plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels and prevented diazepam-induced inhibition of the HPA axis activity. Conclusion The results suggest that α2-adrenoreceptors activity, as well as intact presynaptic noradrenergic function, are required for the suppressive effect of diazepam on the HPA axis activity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sartor GC, Aston-Jones G. Regulation of the ventral tegmental area by the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is required for expression of cocaine preference. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3549-58. [PMID: 23039920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexin neurons are essential for the expression of a cocaine place preference. However, the afferents that regulate the activity of these orexin neurons during reward behaviors are not completely understood. Using tract tracing combined with Fos staining, we examined LH afferents for Fos induction during cocaine preference in rats. We found that the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) was a major input to the LH orexin cell field that was significantly Fos-activated during cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Inactivation of the vBNST with baclofen plus muscimol blocked expression of cocaine CPP. Surprisingly, such inactivation of the vBNST also increased Fos induction in LH orexin neurons; as activity in these cells is normally associated with increased preference, this result indicates that a vBNST-orexin connection is unlikely to be responsible for CPP that is dependent on vBNST activity. Because previous studies have revealed that vBNST regulates dopamine cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is known to be involved in CPP and other reward functions, we tested whether vBNST afferents to the VTA are necessary for cocaine CPP. We found that disconnection of the vBNST and VTA (using local microinjections of baclofen plus muscimol unilaterally into the vBNST and contralateral VTA) significantly attenuated expression of cocaine preference. However, blocking ionotropic glutamatergic afferents to the VTA from the vBNST did not significantly reduce cocaine preference. These results indicate that a non-glutamatergic vBNST-VTA projection is involved in expression of cocaine preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Sartor
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salomons AR, Pinzon NE, Boleij H, Kirchhoff S, Arndt SS, Nordquist RE, Lindemann L, Jaeschke G, Spooren W, Ohl F. Differential effects of diazepam and MPEP on habituation and neuro-behavioural processes in inbred mice. Behav Brain Funct 2012; 8:30. [PMID: 22686184 PMCID: PMC3464737 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated a profound lack of habituation in 129P3 mice compared to the habituating, but initially more anxious, BALB/c mice. The present study investigated whether this non-adaptive phenotype of 129P3 mice is primarily based on anxiety-related characteristics. Methods To test this hypothesis and extend our knowledge on the behavioural profile of 129P3 mice, the effects of the anxiolyticdiazepam (1, 3 and 5 mg/kg) and the putative anxiolytic metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5R) antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) treatment on within-trial (intrasession) habituation, object recognition (diazepam: 1 mg/kg; MPEP 10 mg/kg) and on the central-nervous expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos (diazepam: 1 mg/kg; MPEP 10 mg/kg) were investigated. Results Behavioural findings validated the initially high, but habituating phenotype of BALB/c mice, while 129P3 mice were characterized by impaired intrasession habituation. Diazepam had an anxiolytic effect in BALB/c mice, while in higher doses caused behavioural inactivity in 129P3 mice. MPEP revealed almost no anxiolytic effects on behaviour in both strains, but reduced stress-induced corticosterone responses only in 129P3 mice. These results were complemented by reduced expression of c-Fos after MPEP treatment in brain areas related to emotional processes, and increased c-Fos expression in higher integrating brain areas such as the prelimbic cortex compared to vehicle-treated 129P3 mice. Conclusions These results suggest that the strain differences observed in (non)adaptive anxiety behaviour are at least in part mediated by differences in gamma-aminobutyric acid- A and mGluR5 mediated transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Salomons
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Animal Welfare and Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 Utrecht, CM, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jacobsen J, Hansen HH, Kiss A, Mikkelsen JD. The α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist ispronicline induces c-Fos expression in selective regions of the rat forebrain. Neurosci Lett 2012; 515:7-11. [PMID: 22414858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The dominant nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype in the brain is the pentameric receptor containing both α4 and β2 subunits (α4β2). Due to the lack of selective agonists it has not been ruled out what neuronal circuits that are stimulated after systemic administration with nicotine. We used the novel and selective α4β2 receptor agonist ispronicline (10 and 30 mg/kg s.c.) to localise the activated neurons in the rat forebrain using c-Fos-immunoreactivity as a marker of immediate neuronal activity. In the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, a large increase of c-Fos-positive cells was found only within its medial part. In addition, an increased number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells were observed in the central nucleus of the amygdala, and the dorsolateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The restricted distribution of c-Fos to these areas, all of which are directly or indirectly involved in acute stress regulation after a single dose of ispronicline, supports earlier studies that the α4β2 receptors are strongly involved in nicotine-dependent activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacobsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in fibromyalgia, their role in central stress circuitry and pharmacological actions on these systems. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2012:741746. [PMID: 22110944 PMCID: PMC3195783 DOI: 10.1155/2012/741746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is considered a stress-related disorder, and hypo- as well as hyperactive stress systems (sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) have been found. Some observations raise doubts on the view that alterations in these stress systems are solely responsible for fibromyalgia symptoms. Cumulative evidence points at dysfunctional transmitter systems that may underlie the major symptoms of the condition. In addition, all transmitter systems found to be altered in fibromyalgia influence the body's stress systems. Since both transmitter and stress systems change during chronic stress, it is conceivable that both systems change in parallel, interact, and contribute to the phenotype of fibromyalgia. As we outline in this paper, subgroups of patients might exhibit varying degrees and types of transmitter dysfunction, explaining differences in symptomatoloy and contributing to the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia. The finding that not all fibromyalgia patients respond to the same medications, targeting dysfunctional transmitter systems, further supports this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Eszopiclone stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 661:22-6. [PMID: 21540024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eszopiclone (Lunesta®) is used for the treatment of insomnia. It is the S (+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone with no structural similarity to the hypnotic drugs zolpidem and zaleplon or to the benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Although eszopiclone interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid A-type (GABA(A)) receptor complex, it has a different binding profile than other sedative/hypnotic agents and modulates the receptor complex in a unique manner. Thus, eszopiclone might produce different pharmacological effects compared to other sedative/hypnotic agents. Beside their behavioral properties, sedative/hypnotic drugs affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In general, low doses of benzodiazepine-type drugs decrease, whereas high doses increase the activity of the HPA axis. Furthermore, benzodiazepines reduce stress-induced increases in HPA axis activity. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of eszopiclone on the HPA axis in the rat. Male rats were injected with saline or eszopiclone and trunk blood was collected for the measurement of plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone by radioimmunoassay. The acute administration of eszopiclone produced dose-dependent increases in plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone, and tolerance developed to these effects after repeated drug administration. Pretreatment with eszopiclone did not affect stress-induced stimulation of the HPA axis. These results show that eszopiclone and the benzodiazepine-type drugs differentially affect the HPA axis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Birkett MA, Shinday NM, Kessler EJ, Meyer JS, Ritchie S, Rowlett JK. Acute anxiogenic-like effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are attenuated by the benzodiazepine diazepam in BALB/c mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:544-51. [PMID: 21397628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are used commonly to treat anxiety disorders, have characteristic anxiogenic effects following acute administration. Treatment with anxiolytic benzodiazepines (BZs) may reduce these effects, although little is known about potential drug interactions. Our study evaluated acute anxiogenic-like effects of SSRIs, alone and combined with a BZ. Adult male BALB/c mice received fluoxetine (3.0-30.0mg/kg, i.p.) or citalopram (3.0-30.0mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination with diazepam (0.3-10.0mg/kg, i.p.), after which they were evaluated with the light/dark and open-field tests for anxiogenesis/anxiolysis. In addition, release of the stress hormone corticosterone was assessed following combined SSRI/BZ administration. In the light/dark and open-field tests, acute SSRIs produced a behavioral profile consistent with anxiogenesis, while diazepam produced an anxiolytic-like profile. Pre-treatment with diazepam (0.3-10mg/kg) reversed the effects of an anxiogenic-like dose of an SSRI (18mg/kg fluoxetine, 30mg/kg citalopram) in both light/dark and open-field tests. Diazepam, fluoxetine or citalopram, and their combination all significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels to the same degree. These findings suggest that a BZ-type drug can attenuate acute anxiogenic-like effects of an SSRI via a mechanism independent of corticosterone regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Birkett
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Catatonia has been rediscovered over the last 2 decades as a unique syndrome that consists of specific motor signs with a characteristic and uniform response to benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. Further inquiry into its developmental, environmental, psychological, and biological underpinnings is warranted. In this review, medical catatonia models of motor circuitry dysfunction, abnormal neurotransmitters, epilepsy, genetic risk factors, endocrine dysfunction, and immune abnormalities are discussed. Developmental, environmental, and psychological risk factors for catatonia are currently unknown. The following hypotheses need to be tested: neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a drug-induced form of malignant catatonia; Prader-Willi syndrome is a clinical GABAergic genetic-endocrine model of catatonia; Kleine-Levin syndrome represents a periodic form of adolescent catatonia; and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune type of catatonia.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lobo MK, Covington HE, Chaudhury D, Friedman AK, Sun H, Damez-Werno D, Dietz DM, Zaman S, Koo JW, Kennedy PJ, Mouzon E, Mogri M, Neve RL, Deisseroth K, Han MH, Nestler EJ. Cell type-specific loss of BDNF signaling mimics optogenetic control of cocaine reward. Science 2010; 330:385-90. [PMID: 20947769 DOI: 10.1126/science.1188472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, are poorly understood. We show that deletion of TrkB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, selectively from D1+ or D2+ neurons oppositely affects cocaine reward. Because loss of TrkB in D2+ neurons increases their neuronal excitability, we next used optogenetic tools to control selectively the firing rate of D1+ and D2+ nucleus accumbens neurons and studied consequent effects on cocaine reward. Activation of D2+ neurons, mimicking the loss of TrkB, suppresses cocaine reward, with opposite effects induced by activation of D1+ neurons. These results provide insight into the molecular control of D1+ and D2+ neuronal activity as well as the circuit-level contribution of these cell types to cocaine reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Lobo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shansky RM, Bender G, Arnsten AFT. Estrogen prevents norepinephrine alpha-2a receptor reversal of stress-induced working memory impairment. Stress 2009; 12:457-63. [PMID: 19005873 PMCID: PMC3143502 DOI: 10.1080/10253890802520988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding effects of estrogen on the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) may help to elucidate the increased prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women of ovarian cycling age. Estrogen replacement in ovariectomized (OVX) young rats amplifies the detrimental effects of stress on working memory (a PFC-mediated task), but the mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be identified. In male rats, stimulation of norepinephrine alpha-2 adrenoceptors protects working memory from stress-induced impairments. However, this effect has not been studied in females, and has not been examined for sensitivity to estrogen. The current study asked whether OVX females with estrogen replacement (OVX+Est) and without replacement (OVX+Veh) responded differently to stimulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptors after administration of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG7142, a pharmacological stressor. The alpha-2 agonist, guanfacine, protected working memory from the impairing effects of FG7142 in OVX+Veh, but not in OVX+Est rats. Western Blot analysis for alpha-2 receptors was performed on PFC tissue from each group, but no changes in expression were found, indicating that the behavioral effects observed were likely not due to changes in receptor expression. These findings point to possible mechanisms by which estrogen may enhance the stress response, and hold implications for the gender discrepancy in the prevalence of stress-related mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Shansky
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mitra R, Ferguson D, Sapolsky RM. SK2 potassium channel overexpression in basolateral amygdala reduces anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone secretion and dendritic arborization. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:847-55, 827. [PMID: 19204724 PMCID: PMC2763614 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala is critical for generation of anxiety. In addition, exposure to both stress and glucocorticoids induces anxiety. Demonstrated ability of the amygdala to change in response to stress and glucocorticoids could thus be important therapeutic target for anxiety management. Several studies have reported a relationship between anxiety and dendritic arborization of the amygdaloid neurons. In this study we employed a gene therapeutic approach to reduce anxiety and dendritic arborization of the amygdala neurons. Specifically, we overexpressed SK2 potassium channel in the basolateral amygdala using a herpes simplex viral system. Our choice of therapeutic cargo was guided by the indications that activation of the amygdala might underlie anxiety and that SK2 could reduce neuronal activation by exerting inhibitory influence on action potentials. We report that SK2 overexpression reduced anxiety and stress-induced corticosterone secretion at a systemic level. SK2 overexpression also reduced dendritic arborization of the amygdala neurons. Hence, SK2 is a potential gene therapy candidate molecule that can be used against stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mitra
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Saber-Tehrani A, Naderi N, Hosseini Najarkolaei A, Haghparast A, Motamedi F. Cannabinoids and their interactions with diazepam on modulation of serum corticosterone concentration in male mice. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:60-6. [PMID: 19590959 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results indicate a mutual interaction between cannabinoidergic and GABAergic systems; however, the interaction between these systems on corticosterone release has not been fully investigated. In this study, we treated male mice with either cannabinoid compounds alone or in combination with diazepam. Blood samples were collected at 60 min post-injection. The serum corticosterone (CORT) level was measured using ELISA technique. Acute treatment of mice by cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212-2 (2.5 mg/kg; i.p.) resulted in a significant reduction of CORT, while treatment with either endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor AM404 or endocannabinoid degradation enzyme inhibitor URB597 increased CORT compared to control group. Co-administration of AM404 or URB597 with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 blocked the effect of these compounds on CORT. Treatment of mice with different doses of diazepam alone did not alter CORT compared to control group. However, co-administration of diazepam and either AM404 or WIN55212-2 significantly reduced CORT compared to the respective group treated with cannabinoid compound alone. Co-administration of ineffective dose of URB597 and ineffective dose of diazepam increased CORT level compared to groups treated with each compound alone. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the endogenous cannabinoid system is active as a modulator of CORT in mice and diazepam can alter the effect of cannabinoid system in the modulation of neuroendocrine functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saber-Tehrani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University (MC), P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hellemans KGC, Verma P, Yoon E, Yu W, Weinberg J. Prenatal alcohol exposure increases vulnerability to stress and anxiety-like disorders in adulthood. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1144:154-75. [PMID: 19076375 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1418.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children and adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have elevated rates of depression and anxiety disorders compared to control populations. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on anxiety, locomotor activity, and hormonal reactivity in male and female rats tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM), a task commonly used to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rodents, were examined. Pregnant dams were assigned to PAE, pair-fed (PF), or ad libitum-fed control (C) groups. At adulthood, half of all male (N= 60) and female (N= 60) PAE, PF, and C offspring were exposed to 10 days of chronic mild stress (CMS); the other half remained undisturbed. Animals were then tested on the EPM, and blood collected 30 min posttest for analysis of corticosterone (CORT), testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Overall, CMS exposure produced a significant anxiogenic profile. Moreover, CMS increased anxiety-like behavior in PAE males and females compared to controls and eliminated the locomotor hyperactivity observed in nonstressed PAE females. CMS also increased post-EPM CORT, testosterone, and progesterone levels in all groups, with CORT and progesterone levels significantly higher in PAE than in C females. By contrast, CMS selectively lowered estradiol levels in PAE and PF, but not C, females. CMS exposure reveals sexually dimorphic behavioral and endocrine alterations in PAE compared to C animals. Together, these data suggest the possibility that fetal reprogramming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) systems by alcohol may underlie, at least partly, an enhanced susceptibility of fetal alcohol-exposed offspring to depression/anxiety-like disorders in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim G C Hellemans
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Van Reenen C, Hopster H, Van der Werf J, Engel B, Buist W, Jones R, Blokhuis H, Korte S. The benzodiazepine brotizolam reduces fear in calves exposed to a novel object test. Physiol Behav 2009; 96:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Mikkelsen JD, Bundzikova J, Larsen MH, Hansen HH, Kiss A. GABA Regulates the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis via Different GABA-A Receptor ��-Subtypes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1148:384-92. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1410.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Effects of pharmacological stressors on c-fos and CRF mRNA in mouse brain: relationship to alcohol seeking. Neurosci Lett 2008; 444:254-8. [PMID: 18755245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A marked heterogeneity exists among stressors in their ability to reinstate alcohol seeking in rats. We have reported that the pharmacological stressor yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, potently reinstated alcohol seeking, but FG-7142, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist was ineffective. In rats, we determined that yohimbine elicits patterns of brain expression of the mRNAs for c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) a stress-related peptide, distinct from that produced by FG-7142. The purpose of the present experiment is to determine if these differential effects of yohimbine and FG-7142 on regional c-fos and CRF mRNA expression generalize to another animal commonly used in alcohol research, the C57 BL/6J mouse. In comparing the results of the present study to those of our previous one, we found a number of commonalities in the patterns of activation elicited by yohimbine and FG-7142 between the two species, and some notable differences. As we found in the rat, yohimbine selectively increased c-fos mRNA in the mouse NACs, BLA and CeA. Yohimbine increased CRF mRNA only in the mouse PVN, but was without effect on CRF mRNA in extrahypothalamic sites, the BNST and CeA. This differs from what we saw in the rat, where yohimbine increased CRF mRNA in these extrahypothalamic regions, but not the PVN. The selective induction of c-fos in the NACs, BLA and CeA of mice and rats by yohimbine offers further support for the idea that activation of these structures participates in reinstatement induced by such stressors.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kurumaji A, Ito T, Ishii S, Nishikawa T. Effects of FG7142 and immobilization stress on the gene expression in the neocortex of mice. Neurosci Res 2008; 62:155-9. [PMID: 18771696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several psychiatric disorders are often precipitated or exacerbated by exposure to stressors. FG7142 (N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide), a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors, mimics the physiological (an increased release in the adrenal steroid hormone) and neurochemical (an enhanced neurotransmission of monoamines) changes induced by stressful stimuli. We examined the effects of FG7142 and immobilization stress on the gene expression of the mouse neocortex in order to obtain a new insight into the molecular stress-responsive system. The effect of FG7142 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) on the gene expression of the brain area was examined using a DNA microarray method. The genes showing a significant change in expression were investigated in further experiments using the quantitative RT-PCR method. There was an increase in the mRNA of seven genes in the neocortex of mice 1h after treatment with FG7142. In addition, there was an increase in the mRNAs of five of the seven genes (Fos, Cyr61, Btg2, Adamts1, and Gem) in the neocortex of mice exposed to the stress for 1h. The up-regulation of these five genes by both FG7142 and immobilization stress indicates that these genes may be involved in the stress-responsive system. Dysfunctions of the system may be associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akeo Kurumaji
- Section of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Evans AK, Lowry CA. Pharmacology of the beta-carboline FG-7,142, a partial inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine allosteric site of the GABA A receptor: neurochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioral effects. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2008; 13:475-501. [PMID: 18078430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the well-established role of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders, beta-carbolines, spanning a spectrum from full agonists to full inverse agonists at the benzodiazepine allosteric site for the GABA(A) receptor, can provide valuable insight into the neural mechanisms underlying anxiety-related physiology and behavior. FG-7,142 is a partial inverse agonist at the benzodiazepine allosteric site with its highest affinity for the alpha1 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptor, although it is not selective. FG-7,142 also has its highest efficacy for modulation of GABA-induced chloride flux mediated at the alpha1 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptor. FG-7,142 activates a recognized anxiety-related neural network and interacts with serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic modulatory systems within that network. FG-7,142 has been shown to induce anxiety-related behavioral and physiological responses in a variety of experimental paradigms across numerous mammalian and non-mammalian species, including humans. FG-7,142 has proconflict actions across anxiety-related behavioral paradigms, modulates attentional processes, and increases cardioacceleratory sympathetic reactivity and neuroendocrine reactivity. Both acute and chronic FG-7,142 treatment are proconvulsive, upregulate cortical adrenoreceptors, decrease subsequent actions of GABA and beta-carboline agonists, and increase the effectiveness of subsequent GABA(A) receptor antagonists and beta-carboline inverse agonists. FG-7,142, as a partial inverse agonist, can help to elucidate individual components of full agonism of benzodiazepine binding sites and may serve to identify the specific GABA(A) receptor subtypes involved in specific behavioral and physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Evans
- University of Bristol, Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ozsoy S, Esel E. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and their relationships with aggression in early and late alcohol withdrawal. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:340-7. [PMID: 17913324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aims at investigating the relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alterations and aggression level in alcoholic patients during early and late alcohol withdrawal. Serum levels of basal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were measured three times, and cortisol and DHEAS response to dexamethasone twice during the early and late withdrawal periods in alcohol dependent males (n=30) and once in healthy control males (n=20). Abnormal cortisol non-suppression response to dexamethasone in dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was observed in some proportion of the patients in early withdrawal, which normalized in late withdrawal. The study revealed reduced basal DHEAS levels and reduced DHEAS response to dexamethasone in late withdrawal. When the patients were assessed in two separate groups as high- and low-aggressives, in the high-aggression group abnormality in DST was observed during both early and late withdrawal periods, in the low-aggression group it was observed only in early withdrawal. While basal DHEAS levels were low in the high-aggression group only in early withdrawal, it was reduced in the low-aggression group during late withdrawal period. Some alterations of the HPA axis during alcohol withdrawal might be associated not only with alcohol use per se but also with aggressivity tendency of alcoholic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Ozsoy
- Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Talas Road, 38039-Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Are benzodiazepines really anxiolytic? Evidence from a 3D maze spatial navigation task. Behav Brain Res 2007; 188:136-53. [PMID: 18055029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide were assessed in a 3D maze which is a modification of an 8-arm radial maze. Each arm of the maze is attached to a bridge radiating from a central platform. Animals exposed for the first time to the maze do not venture beyond the line that separate a bridge from an arm. The prime criteria set for an anxiolytic effect is whether mice would increase the frequency of entries onto arms and increase arm/bridge entries ratio. C57 mice readily cross the line on first exposure and make more than 8 arm visits onto arms on second exposure, while other strains (CD-1 and Balb/c) hold back and rarely cross the line on first exposure and require more sessions to make more than 8 arm entries. An anxiolytic drug is expected to encourage intermediate (CD-1) and high (Balb/c) anxiety mice to adventure onto the arms of the maze and make more visits to the arms to comparable levels seen with low anxiety c57 mice. In the present report, administration of different doses of diazepam (0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and chlordiazepoxide (5, 10 and 15 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not reduce anxiety in animals, with the lowest dose of diazepam increasing motor activity in Balb/c and increasing anxiety in c57 mice while the highest doses of both diazepam (2.5 and 5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and chlordiazepoxide (15 mg kg(-1) i.p.) induced mild sedation. Our results raise some concerns about the methodological foundations in the current assessment of anxiety and anxiolytic compounds both in animal and human studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu GX, Cai GQ, Cai YQ, Sheng ZJ, Jiang J, Mei Z, Wang ZG, Guo L, Fei J. Reduced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice lacking GABA transporter subtype 1. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:1531-9. [PMID: 17164814 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter subtype 1 (GAT1), which transports extracellular GABA into presynaptic neurons, plays an important regulatory role in the function of GABAergic systems. However, the contributions of the GAT1 in regulating mental status are not fully understood. In this paper, we observed the behavioral alterations of GAT1 knockout (GAT1(-/-)) mice using several depression- and anxiety-related models (eg, the forced-swimming test and the tail-suspension test for testing depression-related behaviors; the open-field test, the dark-light exploration test, the emergence test, and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test for anxiety-related behaviors). Here we found that GAT1(-/-) mice showed a lower level of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in comparison to wild-type mice. Furthermore, GAT1(-/-) mice exhibited measurable insensitivity to selected antidepressants and anxiolytics such as fluoxetine, amitriptyline, buspirone, diazepam, and tiagabine in the tail-suspension test and/or the EPM test. Moreover, the basal level of corticosterone was found to be significantly lower in GAT1(-/-) mice. These results showed that the absence of GAT1 affects mental status through enhancing the GABAergic system, as well as modifying the serotonergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Model Organism Research Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kiss A, Søderman A, Bundzikova J, Pirnik Z, Mikkelsen JD. Zolpidem, a selective GABAA receptor α1 subunit agonist, induces comparable Fos expression in oxytocinergic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and accessory but not supraoptic nuclei in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2006; 71:200-7. [PMID: 17113947 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional activation of oxytocinergic (OXY) cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), and accessory (ACC) nuclei was investigated in response to acute treatment with Zolpidem (a GABA(A) receptor agonist with selectivity for alpha(1) subunits) utilizing dual Fos/OXY immunohistochemistry. Zolpidem was administered intraperitoneally in dose 10 mg/kg of BW and 60 min later the animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion with fixative. The Fos/OXY co-labelings were analyzed on 40 microm thick serial coronal sections using computerized light microscopy. Zolpidem elicited a concordant Fos/OXY staining in all four PVN sub-areas investigated, including the anterior (15.71+/-2.35%), middle (14.52+/-2.53%), dorsal (13.34+/-2.61%), and periventricular (18.21+/-4.75%) ones, however, had no significant stimulatory effect on OXY cells in the SON. In response to Zolpidem, statistically significant activations were also seen in certain groups of accessory structures including the circular nucleus (13.99+/-3.43%), small clusters of accessory neurons (10.55+/-1.94%), and the lateral hypothalamic perivascular nucleus (9.42+/-2.74%). Between the naive and vehicle controls, the dual Fos/OXY labelings did not elicit any significant differences. Our data provide insight into the topographic patterns of brain activity within the clusters of magnocellular OXY cells in the hypothalamus associated with stimulation of GABA(A) benzodiazepine receptors and for the first time illustrate the triggering contemporaneousness within the cells of the principal and accessory magnocellular nuclei in response to Zolpidem treatment. The present study provides a comparative background that may help in the further understanding of a possible extend of Zolpidem effect on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kiss
- Laboratory of Functional Neuromorphology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska Street 3, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|