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Wang Y, Huang Y, Ma A, You J, Miao J, Li J. Natural Antioxidants: An Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease at the Early Stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11854-11870. [PMID: 38743017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized by researchers recently, and natural antioxidants have been demonstrated to have anti-AD activity in animal models, such as Ginkgo biloba extract, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and so on. This paper summarized these natural antioxidants and points out that natural antioxidants always have multiple advantages which are help to deal with AD, such as clearing free radicals, regulating signal transduction, protecting mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity. Based on the available data, we have created a relatively complete pathway map of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AD-related targets and concluded that oxidative stress caused by ROS is the core of AD pathogenesis. In the prospect, we introduced the concept of a combined therapeutic strategy, termed "Antioxidant-Promoting Synaptic Remodeling," highlighting the integration of antioxidant interventions with synaptic remodeling approaches as a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Aixia Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jiahe You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, PR China
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2
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Albadrani HM, Chauhan P, Ashique S, Babu MA, Iqbal D, Almutary AG, Abomughaid MM, Kamal M, Paiva-Santos AC, Alsaweed M, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Dewanjee S, Jha SK, Ojha S, Slama P, Jha NK. Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116376. [PMID: 38508080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India.; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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3
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Petrović A, Madić V, Stojanović G, Zlatanović I, Zlatković B, Vasiljević P, Đorđević L. Antidiabetic effects of polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus and Potentilla erecta. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117032. [PMID: 37582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea aerial parts and Cichorium intybus roots and Potentilla erecta rhizomes has been used for centuries to treat both the primary and secondary complications of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY As a continuation of our search for the most effective herbal mixture used as an ethnopharmacological remedy for diabetes, this study aimed to compare the in vitro biological activities of this polyherbal mixture and its individual ingredients, and, most importantly, to validate the ethnopharmacological value of the herbal mixture through evaluation of its phytochemical composition, its potential in vivo toxicity and its effect on diabetes complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed using HPLC-UV. Antioxidant activity was estimated via the DPPH test. Potential cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity was assessed using an in vitro RBCs antihemolytic assay and an in vivo sub-chronic oral toxicity method. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using an in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay and in vivo using a chemically induced diabetic rat model. RESULTS The HPLC-UV analysis revealed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, catechin, five catechin derivatives, epicatechin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, four quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, and four caffeic acid derivatives in the polyherbal mixture decoction. Treatment with the decoction has shown no toxic effects. The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of the polyherbal mixture were higher than the reference's ones. Its antidiabetic activity was high in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Fourteen days of treatment with the decoction (15 g/kg) completely normalized blood glucose levels of diabetic animals, while treatments with insulin and glimepiride only slightly lowered glycemic values. In addition, lipid status of treated animals as well as levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and MDA were completely normalized. In addition, the polyherbal mixture completely restored the histopathological changes of the liver, kidneys and all four Cornu ammonis regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The polyherbal mixture was effective in the prevention of both primary and secondary diabetic complications such as hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Višnja Madić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zlatanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zlatković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Đorđević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Fayaz F, Singh K, Gairola S, Ahmed Z, Shah BA. A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Rosa Species (Rosaceae). Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:364-378. [PMID: 37937578 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266274385231023075011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The Rosa L. genus is a significant plant family in the Rosaceae group, consisting of around 200 species, primarily shrubs. In India, it has 37 species, most located in the Western Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Roses are highly regarded for their beauty and growth and are popular worldwide for their nutritional, therapeutic, ornamental, and cosmetic value. The rose hips are utilized in creating various food and drink items, such as jams, jellies, teas, and alcoholic beverages. The Rosa species has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative/anticancer, anti-arthritic, neurological, and anti-obesity activity. This review aims to provide an in- -depth overview of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Rosa species in India, focusing on Rosa indica L., which has significant potential for future chemical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Fayaz
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Natural Products and Medicinal Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kanwaljeet Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Plant Sciences & Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Plant Sciences & Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Natural Products and Medicinal Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Plant Sciences & Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Natural Products and Medicinal Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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5
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Chaves N, Nogales L, Montero-Fernández I, Blanco-Salas J, Alías JC. Mediterranean Shrub Species as a Source of Biomolecules against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:8133. [PMID: 38138621 PMCID: PMC10745362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress, due to an imbalance in the oxidation-reduction reactions at the cellular level. Various treatments are available to treat these diseases, although they often do not cure them and have many adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find complementary and/or alternative drugs that replace current treatments with fewer side effects. It has been demonstrated that natural products derived from plants, specifically phenolic compounds, have a great capacity to suppress oxidative stress and neutralize free radicals thus, they may be used as alternative alternative pharmacological treatments for pathological conditions associated with an increase in oxidative stress. The plant species that dominate the Mediterranean ecosystems are characterized by having a wide variety of phenolic compound content. Therefore, these species might be important sources of neuroprotective biomolecules. To evaluate this potential, 24 typical plant species of the Mediterranean ecosystems were selected, identifying the most important compounds present in them. This set of plant species provides a total of 403 different compounds. Of these compounds, 35.7% are phenolic acids and 55.6% are flavonoids. The most relevant of these compounds are gallic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, myricitrin, quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetrin, rutin, catechin and epicatechin, which are widely distributed among the analyzed plant species (in over 10 species) and which have been involved in the literature in the prevention of different neurodegenerative pathologies. It is also important to mention that three of these plant species, Pistacea lentiscus, Lavandula stoechas and Thymus vulgaris, have most of the described compounds with protective properties against neurodegenerative diseases. The present work shows that the plant species that dominate the studied geographic area can provide an important source of phenolic compounds for the pharmacological and biotechnological industry to prepare extracts or isolated compounds for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Chaves
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Extremadura, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (L.N.); (I.M.-F.); (J.B.-S.); (J.C.A.)
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6
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Díaz A, Flores I, Treviño S. Neurotrophic fragments as therapeutic alternatives to ameliorate brain aging. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:51-56. [PMID: 35799508 PMCID: PMC9241392 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a global phenomenon and a complex biological process of all living beings that introduces various changes. During this physiological process, the brain is the most affected organ due to changes in its structural and chemical functions, such as changes in plasticity and decrease in the number, diameter, length, and branching of dendrites and dendritic spines. Likewise, it presents a great reduction in volume resulting from the contraction of the gray matter. Consequently, aging can affect not only cognitive functions, including learning and memory, but also the quality of life of older people. As a result of the phenomena, various molecules with notable neuroprotective capacity have been proposed, which provide a therapeutic alternative for people under conditions of aging or some neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to indicate that in recent years the use of molecules with neurotrophic activity has shown interesting results when evaluated in in vivo models. This review aims to describe the neurotrophic potential of molecules such as resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and neurotrophic-type compounds such as the terminal carboxyl domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin, cerebrolysin, neuropeptide-12, and rapamycin. Most of these molecules have been evaluated by our research group. Studies suggest that these molecules exert an important therapeutic potential, restoring brain function in aging conditions or models of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, our interest is in describing the current scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of these molecules with active neurotrophic.
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7
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El Gaamouch F, Chen F, Ho L, Lin HY, Yuan C, Wong J, Wang J. Benefits of dietary polyphenols in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1019942. [PMID: 36583187 PMCID: PMC9792677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1019942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. It is estimated to reach 152 million by the year 2050. AD is the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. In spite of the significant burden the disease imposes upon patients, their families, our society, and our healthcare system, there is currently no cure for AD. The existing approved therapies only temporarily alleviate some of the disease's symptoms, but are unable to modulate the onset and/or progression of the disease. Our failure in developing a cure for AD is attributable, in part, to the multifactorial complexity underlying AD pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the lack of successful pharmacological approaches has led to the consideration of alternative strategies that may help delay the onset and progression of AD. There is increasing recognition that certain dietary and nutrition factors may play important roles in protecting against select key AD pathologies. Consistent with this, select nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds have demonstrated anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties and as such, could serve as lead candidates for further novel AD therapeutic developments. Here we summarize some of the more promising dietary phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols that have been shown to positively modulate some of the important AD pathogenesis aspects, such as reducing β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation, AD-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synapse loss. We also discuss the recent development of potential contribution of gut microbiome in dietary polyphenol function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fiona Chen
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Genetics and Genomic sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Chongzhen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jean Wong
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jun Wang,
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8
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Peng M, Zhou X, Yao F, Li H, Song W, Xiong S, Xia X. (–)-Epicatechin Provides Neuroprotection in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:879901. [PMID: 35833100 PMCID: PMC9271623 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.879901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and pathological amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition are involved in the pathogenesis of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The natural flavonoid (–)-epicatechin (EC) is known to be an antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. Whether EC plays a therapeutic role in AMD is unknown. In this work, we aimed to assess the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of EC against sodium iodate (NaIO3)-induced retinal degeneration in C57BL/6 mice via bioinformatic, morphological, and functional methods. We demonstrated that EC had no toxic effects on the retina and could ameliorate retinal deformation and thinning. EC treatment prevented outer retinal degeneration, reduced drusen-like deposits, increased b-wave amplitude in electroretinography, blocked retinal gliosis, and increased the number and quality of mitochondria. Importantly, EC increased the protein expression of OPA1 and decreased the expression of PINK1, indicating the role of EC in mitochondrial fusion that impaired by NaIO3. Moreover, EC downregulated APP and TMEM97 levels, upregulated PGRMC1 levels, and reduced subretinal Aβ accumulation. This study illustrated that EC, which may become a promising therapeutic strategy for AMD, prevented NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration, and this improvement may be associated with the mitochondrial quality control and the TMEM97/PGRMC1/Aβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjuan Peng
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weitao Song
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Xiong
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiaobo Xia
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9
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Thapa R, Gupta G, Dave P, Singh SK, Raizaday A, Almalki WH, Vyas G, Singh SK, Dua K, Singh Y. Current update on the protective effect of epicatechin in neurodegenerative diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:897-903. [PMID: 36172067 PMCID: PMC9489891 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Piyush Dave
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Abhay Raizaday
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari Circle, Ambabari, Jaipur, 302023, India,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Yogendra Singh, Department of Pharmacology, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Ambabari Circle, Ambabari, Jaipur, 302023, India, E-mail: or
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10
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Assessment of lipophilic fluorescence products in β-amyloid-induced cognitive decline: A parallel track in hippocampus, CSF, plasma and erythrocytes. Exp Gerontol 2021; 157:111645. [PMID: 34843902 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress implicates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, and associates with the creation of end products of free radical reactions, are known as lipophilic fluorescent products (LFPs). This study aimed to evaluate the probable parallel alterations in the spectral properties of the LFPs in the hippocampus tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and erythrocytes during AD model induction by intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) amyloid β-protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ) injection. METHODS Male rats received an intra-ICV injection of Aβ. Hippocampus, CSF, plasma, and erythrocytes were harvested at 5, 14, and 21 days after Aβ injection. The fluorescent intensity of LFPs was assessed by spectrofluorimetry using synchronous fluorescence spectra 25 (SYN 25) and 50 (SYN 50) in the range of 250-500 nm. Hippocampal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Cognitive alterations were evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test. RESULTS The parallel significant rise in the fluorescence intensity of LFPs was detected in the hippocampus, CSF, plasma, and erythrocytes, 14, and 21 days after ICV-Aβ injection. These alterations were found in both types of synchronous spectra 25, and 50, and were coincided with hippocampal cognitive decline, the MDA rise, and decrease of SOD activity. There was a positive correlation between hippocampus homogenate, and plasma or CSF rise in fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSION Data showed that the Aβ increased hippocampal MDA, and decreased SOD activity, led to a higher rate of oxidative products and subsequently resulted in an increase in LFPs fluorescence intensity during the development of cognitive decline. LFPs' alterations reflect a comprehensive view of tissue redox status. The fluorescence properties of LFPs indicate their composition, which may pave the way to trace the different pathological states.
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34961097 PMCID: PMC8706317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45138, Mexico
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12
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Zhan C, Lao Z, Tang Y, Qiao Q, Wei G. Natural stereoisomeric flavonoids exhibit different disruptive effects and the mechanism of action on Aβ 42 protofibril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4267-4270. [PMID: 33913990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our simulations reveal that two enantiomeric catechins display a better disruptive effect on Aβ42 protofibril than their stereoisomer epicatechin. Unexpectedly, we find that catechins adopt both collapsed and extended states, while epicatechin populates only an extended state. Their different protofibril-disruptive effects are mostly attributed to the steric effect caused by the conformational differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Zhan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zenghui Lao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Qiao
- Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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13
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El Gaamouch F, Liu K, Lin HY, Wu C, Wang J. Development of grape polyphenols as multi-targeting strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105046. [PMID: 33872681 PMCID: PMC8178246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging and is a major burden for patients, caregivers, and the overall health care system. The complexity of AD pathophysiology and the lack of deep understanding of disease mechanisms impeded the development of AD therapy. Currently approved treatments for AD only modestly improve cognitive function but do not modify disease course. The lack of pharmacological approaches has led to the consideration of alternative strategies to prevent or to slow down the progression of AD. There has been a growing interest in the scientific community regarding the impact of diet and nutrition on AD. Grape derived nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds have demonstrated anti-amyloidogenic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties and present as potential novel strategies for AD treatment. In this review, we summarize promising grape derived polyphenols that have been shown to modulate AD pathophysiology including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation, AD-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Kalena Liu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Clark Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Chen X, Bai W, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhu J. Study on Mechanism of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Network Pharmacology. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1881-1894. [PMID: 33988813 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBLs), as widely used plant extract sources, significantly improve cognitive, learning and memory function in patients with dementia. However, few studies have been conducted on the specific mechanism of Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this study, network pharmacology was employed to elucidate potential mechanism of GBLs in the treatment of NDs. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to obtain the chemical components in accordance with the screening principles of oral availability and drug-like property. Potential targets of GBLs were integrated with disease targets, and intersection targets were exactly the potential action targets of GBLs for treating NDs; these key targets were enriched and analyzed by the protein protein interaction (PPI) analysis and molecular docking verification. Key genes were ultimately used to find the biological pathway and explain the therapeutic mechanism by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Twenty-seven active components of GBLs may affect biological processes such as oxidative reactions and activate transcription factor activities. These components may also affect 120 metabolic pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway, by regulating 147 targets, including AKT1, ALB, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, MMP9, EGFR and APP. By using the software iGEMDOCK, the main target proteins were found to bind well to the main active components of GBLs. GBLs have the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target synergistic effect on the treatment of NDs, which preliminarily predicted its possible molecular mechanism of action, and provided the basis for the follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialin Chen
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Bai
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Alternative Targets to Fight Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Astrocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040600. [PMID: 33921556 PMCID: PMC8073475 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The available treatments for patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not curative. Numerous clinical trials have failed during the past decades. Therefore, scientists need to explore new avenues to tackle this disease. In the present review, we briefly summarize the pathological mechanisms of AD known so far, based on which different therapeutic tools have been designed. Then, we focus on a specific approach that is targeting astrocytes. Indeed, these non-neuronal brain cells respond to any insult, injury, or disease of the brain, including AD. The study of astrocytes is complicated by the fact that they exert a plethora of homeostatic functions, and their disease-induced changes could be context-, time-, and disease specific. However, this complex but fervent area of research has produced a large amount of data targeting different astrocytic functions using pharmacological approaches. Here, we review the most recent literature findings that have been published in the last five years to stimulate new hypotheses and ideas to work on, highlighting the peculiar ability of palmitoylethanolamide to modulate astrocytes according to their morpho-functional state, which ultimately suggests a possible potential disease-modifying therapeutic approach for AD.
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17
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Mansor NI, Ntimi CM, Abdul-Aziz NM, Ling KH, Adam A, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Nordin N. Asymptomatic neurotoxicity of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35) on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:98-110. [PMID: 32156249 PMCID: PMC7861624 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies in the establishment of in vitro oxidative stress models for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is to induce neurotoxicity by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in suitable neural cells. Presently, data on the neurotoxicity of Aβ in neural cells differentiated from stem cells are limited. In this study, we attempted to induce oxidative stress in transgenic 46C mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons via treatment with Aβ peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35). 46C neural cells were generated by promoting the formation of multicellular aggregates, embryoid bodies in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, followed by the addition of all-trans retinoic acid as the neural inducer. Mature neuronal cells were exposed to different concentrations of Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 for 24 h. Morphological changes, cell viability, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed. We found that 100 µM Aβ1-42 and 50 µM Aβ25-35 only promoted 40% and 10%, respectively, of cell injury and death in the 46C-derived neuronal cells. Interestingly, treatment with each of the Aβ peptides resulted in a significant increase of intracellular ROS activity, as compared to untreated neurons. These findings indicate the potential of using neurons derived from stem cells and Aβ peptides in generating oxidative stress for the establishment of an in vitro AD model that could be useful for drug screening and natural product studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Carolindah Makena Ntimi
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Adam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Shokrzadeh M, Javanmard H, Golmohammad Zadeh G, Asgarian Emran H, Modanlou M, Yaghubi-Beklar S, Ataee R. Evaluation of the Anti-apoptotic and Anti-cytotoxic Effect of Epicatechin Gallate and Edaravone on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 10:619-630. [PMID: 32477479 PMCID: PMC7253806 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.1159.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting older individuals with signs of motor disability and cognitive impairment. Epicatechin (EC) and edaravone have neuroprotective effects most probably due to their antioxidant activity; however, a limited number of studies have considered their role in PD. This research aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect of EC and edaravone in a neurotoxin-induced model of PD. Methods: An in vitro model of PD was made by subjecting SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxin: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) 100 μM/well. The cytoprotective effect of EC and edaravone in five concentrations on cell viability was tested using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. The apoptotic assay was done by annexin V and propidium iodide method using flow cytometry. Results: According to the MTT assay analysis, EC and edaravone had protective effects against 6-OH DA-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were much more significant for edaravone and also a relative synergistic effect between EC and edaravone was observed. The apoptotic analysis showed that edaravone alone could decrease early and late apoptosis, whereas EC diminished early apoptosis, but enhanced late apoptosis and necrosis. Besides, co-treatment of edaravone and EC had a synergistic effect on decreasing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Conclusion: The protective effect of edaravone on apoptosis and cytotoxicity was demonstrated clearly and EC had a synergistic effect with edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hashem Javanmard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Mona Modanlou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Yaghubi-Beklar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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19
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Qu Z, Liu A, Li P, Liu C, Xiao W, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhang S. Advances in physiological functions and mechanisms of (-)-epicatechin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:211-233. [PMID: 32090598 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1723057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin (EC) is a flavanol easily obtained through the diet and is present in tea, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Recent studies have shown that EC protects human health and exhibits prominent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, enhances muscle performance, improves symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevents diabetes, and protects the nervous system. With the development of modern medical and biotechnology research, the mechanisms of action associated with EC toward various chronic diseases are becoming more apparent, and the pharmacological development and utilization of EC has been increasingly clarified. Currently, there is no comprehensive systematic introduction to the effects of EC and its mechanisms of action. This review presents the latest research progress and the role of EC in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases and its protective health effects and provides a theoretical basis for future research on EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Rosa laevigata extract on in vitro and in vivo model of allergic asthma via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-00063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Jara-Moreno D, Castro-Torres RD, Ettcheto M, Auladell C, Kogan MJ, Folch J, Verdaguer E, Cano A, Busquets O, Delporte C, Camins A. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Leaves of Ugni molinae Turcz. Improves Neuropathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease in Female APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice Fed with a High Fat Diet. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1175-1191. [PMID: 30400089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairment in cognitive performance in aged individuals. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment that cures the disease due to the lack of knowledge on the actual mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. In the last decades, the amyloidogenic hypothesis has been the most studied theory trying to explain the origin of AD, yet it does not address all the concerns relating to its development. In the present study, a possible new preclinical treatment of AD was evaluated using the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of leaves of Ugni molinae Turcz. (synonym Myrtus ugni Molina Family Myrtacea). The effects were assessed on female transgenic mice from a preclinical model of familial AD (APPswe/PS1dE9) combined with a high fat diet. This preclinical model was selected due to the already available experimental and observational data proving the relationship between obesity, gender, metabolic stress, and cognitive dysfunction; related to characteristics of sporadic AD. According to chemical analyses, EAE would contain polyphenols such as tannins, flavonoid derivatives, and phenolic acids, as well as pentacyclic triterpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In addition, the treatment evidenced its capacity to prevent deterioration of memory capacity and reduction of progression speed of AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jara-Moreno
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubn D Castro-Torres
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaume Folch
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia; Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Delporte
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Cuevas E, Rosas-Hernandez H, Burks SM, Ramirez-Lee MA, Guzman A, Imam SZ, Ali SF, Sarkar S. Amyloid Beta 25-35 induces blood-brain barrier disruption in vitro. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1365-1374. [PMID: 31267346 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Previously, we demonstrated that the Aβ fraction 25-35 (Aβ25-35) increases RAGE expression in the rat hippocampus, likely contributing to its neurotoxic effects. However, it is still debated if the interaction of Aβ with RAGE compromises the BBB function in Alzheimer' disease (AD). Here, we evaluated the effects of Aβ25-35 in an established in vitro model of the BBB. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMVECs) were treated with 20 μM active Aβ25-35 or the inactive Aβ35-25 (control), for 24 h. Exposure to Aβ25-35 significantly decreased cell viability, increased cellular necrosis, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggered a decrease in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase when compared to the control condition. Aβ25-35 also increased BBB permeability by altering the expression of tight junction proteins (decreasing zonula occludens-1 and increasing occludin). Aβ25-35 induced monolayer disruption and cellular disarrangement of the BBB, with RAGE being highly expressed in the zones of disarrangement. Together, these data suggest that Aβ25-35-induces toxicity by compromising the functionality and integrity of the BBB in vitro. Graphical abstract Aβ25-35 induces BBB dysfunction in vitro, wich is likely mediated by OS and ultimately leads to disruption of BBB integrity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Hector Rosas-Hernandez
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Susan M Burks
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Manuel A Ramirez-Lee
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Aida Guzman
- Escuela Nacional Preparatoria-UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Syed Z Imam
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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23
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Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S. Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 31611796 PMCID: PMC6777416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood-brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature astrocytes also express some genes enriched in cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity of cell population, it is not surprising that their disorders are related to a wide range of different neuro-pathologies. Brain diseases are characterized by the active inflammatory state of the astrocytes, which is usually described as up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In particular, the loss of astrocytes function as a result of cellular senescence could have implications for the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease, and for the aging brain. Astrocytes can also drive the induction and the progression of the inflammatory state due to their Ca2+ signals and that it is strongly related to the disease severity/state. Moreover, they contribute to the altered neuronal activity in several frontal cortex pathologies such as ischemic stroke and epilepsy. There, we describe the current knowledge pertaining to astrocytes' role in brain pathologies and discuss the possibilities to target them as approach toward pharmacological therapies for neuro-pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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24
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Afolabi OK, Aderibigbe FA, Folarin DT, Arinola A, Wusu AD. Oxidative stress and inflammation following sub-lethal oral exposure of cypermethrin in rats: mitigating potential of epicatechin. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02274. [PMID: 31440603 PMCID: PMC6700339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid is a common environmental toxicant owing to its wide usage as a broad-spectrum insecticide. Its exposure to non-target organisms, including man, elicits numerous adverse effects making it a major public health issue. Epicatechin (EC) has proven anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective efficacy of epicatechin with regards to altered oxidative and inflammatory parameters subsequent to CYP treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group served as the control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were orally treated with EC (30 mg kg−1 body weight), CYP (25 mg kg−1 body weight), and CYP plus EC, respectively. Oral administration of CYP for 14 days increased the levels of oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, and advanced oxidized protein products in the liver and kidney. These were accompanied by a decrease in glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels. The activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was increased while catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in these organs. Moreover, CYP increased plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The plasma content of the nitrative nucleic acid marker, 8-nitroguanine was also markedly elevated by CYP. Administration of EC to CYP-exposed rats mitigated the induced oxidative and inflammatory effects. These data suggest that EC can attenuate the toxic effects induced by CYP exposure.
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25
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Diaz A, Treviño S, Pulido-Fernandez G, Martínez-Muñoz E, Cervantes N, Espinosa B, Rojas K, Pérez-Severiano F, Montes S, Rubio-Osornio M, Jorge G. Epicatechin Reduces Spatial Memory Deficit Caused by Amyloid-β25⁻35 Toxicity Modifying the Heat Shock Proteins in the CA1 Region in the Hippocampus of Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050113. [PMID: 31052185 PMCID: PMC6562866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia and the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ). Aβ25-35 is the most neurotoxic sequence, whose mechanism is associated with the neuronal death in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus (Hp) and cognitive damage. Likewise, there are mechanisms of neuronal survival regulated by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Studies indicate that pharmacological treatment with flavonoids reduces the prevalence of AD, particularly epicatechin (EC), which shows better antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of EC on neurotoxicity that causes Aβ25-35 at the level of spatial memory as well as the relationship with immunoreactivity of HSPs in the CA1 region of the Hp of rats. Our results show that EC treatment reduces the deterioration of spatial memory induced by the Aβ25-35, in addition to reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the Hp of the animals treated with EC + Aβ25-35. Likewise, the immunoreactivity to HSP-60, -70, and -90 is lower in the EC + Aβ25-35 group compared to the Aβ25-35 group, which coincides with a decrease of dead neurons in the CA1 region of the Hp. Our results suggest that EC reduces the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35, as well as the HSP-60, -70, and -90 immunoreactivity and neuronal death in the CA1 region of the Hp of rats injected with Aβ25-35, which favors an improvement in the function of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Pulido-Fernandez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Nallely Cervantes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Karla Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Psicologia. Universidad del Valle de México, sede Sur., Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 04910, Mexico.
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Moises Rubio-Osornio
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerarivas, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Guevara Jorge
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
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26
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Kang Y, Lee JH, Seo YH, Jang JH, Jeong CH, Lee S, Jeong GS, Park B. Epicatechin Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Cell Death via Inhibition of ER Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:145-151. [PMID: 30514054 PMCID: PMC6430228 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) acts strongly on the nervous system and damages neurons and is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, red wine and several fruits exhibit antioxidant properties that protect neurons from oxidative damage and promote neuronal survival. Especially, epicatechin (EC) is a powerful flavonoid with antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and antimutagenic effects as well as antioxidant effects. We therefore investigated whether EC could prevent METH-induced neurotoxicity using HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. EC reduced METH-induced cell death of HT22 cells. In addition, we observed that EC abrogated the activation of ERK, p38 and inhibited the expression of CHOP and DR4. EC also reduced METH-induced ROS accumulation and MMP. These results suggest that EC may protect HT22 hippocampal neurons against METH-induced cell death by reducing ER stress and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ha Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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27
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Aqueous Extract of Davallia mariesii Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in B35 Cells Through Inhibition of Caspase Cascade and Activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101449. [PMID: 30301204 PMCID: PMC6213869 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal ferns of Polydiaceae and Davalliaceae species are called "Gusuibu" by Chinese physicians and used as antiaging dietary medicines. Our previous report revealed that Drynaria fortunei (Polydiaceae) protected against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative damage via the PI3K/AKT pathway in B35 neuroblastoma cells. The present study compares the antioxidant phytoconstituent contents and radical scavenging capacities of five Davalliaceae species. The further aim was to clarify the protective mechanism of Davallia mariesii (DM) against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in B35 cells. The results show that Araiostegia perdurans (AP) and DM extracts have better radical scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than other Davalliaceae species. However, only DM extract inhibited 6-OHDA autoxidation under cell-free systems and increased cell viability, compared to B35 cells solely exposed to 6-OHDA. DM extract decreased apoptosis and restored mitochondrial expression in 6-OHDA-treated B35 cells. Additional data indicated that DM extract decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide levels generated by 6-OHDA exposure. DM extract also restored glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and then decreased the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Finally, DM extract regulated the protein expression of the caspase cascade and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathways. These results suggest that the protective mechanism of DM extract against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis might be related to its radical scavenging capacity, maintaining the mitochondrial function to inhibit the Bcl-2/caspase cascade pathway and activating intracellular antioxidant defenses (GSH recycling, HO-1 and NQO-1) by modulating the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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28
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Save SN, Choudhary S. Elucidation of energetics and mode of recognition of green tea polyphenols by human serum albumin. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Association of Tea Consumption with Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Anti-Beta-Amyloid Effects of Tea. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050655. [PMID: 29789466 PMCID: PMC5986534 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is attracting growing concern because of an increasing patient population among the elderly. Tea consumption is considered a natural complementary therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, epidemiological studies on the association between tea consumption and the reduced risk of AD are reviewed and the anti-amyloid effects of related bioactivities in tea are summarized. Future challenges regarding the role of tea in preventing AD are also discussed.
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30
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Jaisupa N, Moongkarndi P, Lomarat P, Samer J, Tunrungtavee V, Muangpaisan W, Mangmool S. Mangosteen peel extract exhibits cellular antioxidant activity by induction of catalase and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattapon Jaisupa
- Department of Pharmacology; Phramongkutklao College of Medicine; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Pattamapan Lomarat
- Department of Food Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Jutima Samer
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Vatchara Tunrungtavee
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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31
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Ramos-Martinez I, Martínez-Loustalot P, Lozano L, Issad T, Limón D, Díaz A, Perez-Torres A, Guevara J, Zenteno E. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid β25-35 modifies mucin-type O-glycosylation in the rat's hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2018; 67:56-62. [PMID: 29174415 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a relevant role in the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 25-35 peptide of amyloid-β (Aβ25-35) induces the inflammatory response in brain experimental models. Mucin-type O-glycosylation has been associated with inflammation of brain tissues in AD, thus in this work, we aimed at identifying changes in the glycosylation profile generated by the injection of Aβ25-35 into the CA1 of the hippocampus of rats, using histochemistry with lectins. Our results indicate that 100μM Aβ25-35 induce increased recognition of the Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin (ALL) (specific for Galβ1,3-GalNAcα1,0-Ser/Thr); whereas concanavalin A (Con A) (specific for α-Man) showed no differences among treated and control groups of rats. Jacalin and peanut agglutinin (Galβ1,3GalNAcα1,0-Ser/Thr) showed no recognition of brain cells of control or treated rats. After 6-h treatment of the tissue with trypsin or with 200mM GalNAc, the interaction with ALL was inhibited. Immunohistochemistry showed positive anti-NeuN and ALL-recognition of neurons; however, anti-GFAP and anti-CD11b showed no co-localization with ALL. The ALL+ neurons revealed the presence of cytochrome C in the cytosol and active caspase 3 in the cytosol and nucleus. Administration of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) to Aβ25-35-treated rats diminished neuroinflammation and ALL recognition. These results suggest a close relationship among over-expression of mucin-type O-glycosylation, the neuroinflammatory process, and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramos-Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Pamela Martínez-Loustalot
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Liliana Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Tarik Issad
- CNRS, Département d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Cancer, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Armando Perez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico.
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32
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González-Reyes RE, Nava-Mesa MO, Vargas-Sánchez K, Ariza-Salamanca D, Mora-Muñoz L. Involvement of Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease from a Neuroinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:427. [PMID: 29311817 PMCID: PMC5742194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a frequent and devastating neurodegenerative disease in humans, but still no curative treatment has been developed. Although many explicative theories have been proposed, precise pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Due to the importance of astrocytes in brain homeostasis they have become interesting targets for the study of AD. Changes in astrocyte function have been observed in brains from individuals with AD, as well as in AD in vitro and in vivo animal models. The presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) has been shown to disrupt gliotransmission, neurotransmitter uptake, and alter calcium signaling in astrocytes. Furthermore, astrocytes express apolipoprotein E and are involved in the production, degradation and removal of Aβ. As well, changes in astrocytes that precede other pathological characteristics observed in AD, point to an early contribution of astroglia in this disease. Astrocytes participate in the inflammatory/immune responses of the central nervous system. The presence of Aβ activates different cell receptors and intracellular signaling pathways, mainly the advanced glycation end products receptor/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, responsible for the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in astrocytes. The release of these pro-inflammatory agents may induce cellular damage or even stimulate the production of Aβ in astrocytes. Additionally, Aβ induces the appearance of oxidative stress (OS) and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in astrocytes, affecting among others, intracellular calcium levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX), NF-κB signaling, glutamate uptake (increasing the risk of excitotoxicity) and mitochondrial function. Excessive neuroinflammation and OS are observed in AD, and astrocytes seem to be involved in both. The Aβ/NF-κB interaction in astrocytes may play a central role in these inflammatory and OS changes present in AD. In this paper, we also discuss therapeutic measures highlighting the importance of astrocytes in AD pathology. Several new therapeutic approaches involving phenols (curcumin), phytoestrogens (genistein), neuroesteroids and other natural phytochemicals have been explored in astrocytes, obtaining some promising results regarding cognitive improvements and attenuation of neuroinflammation. Novel strategies comprising astrocytes and aimed to reduce OS in AD have also been proposed. These include estrogen receptor agonists (pelargonidin), Bambusae concretio Salicea, Monascin, and various antioxidatives such as resveratrol, tocotrienol, anthocyanins, and epicatechin, showing beneficial effects in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Ariza-Salamanca
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Mora-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Lozano L, Guevara J, Lefebvre T, Ramos-Martinez I, Limón D, Díaz A, Cerón E, Zenteno E. Effect of amyloid-Β (25-35) in hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic rats, effects on phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation of tau protein. Neuropeptides 2017; 63:18-27. [PMID: 28427866 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which are markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been reported also in diabetes mellitus (DM). One regulator of tau phosphorylation is O-GlcNAcylation, whereas for hyperphosphorylation it could be GSK3beta, which is activated in hyperglycemic conditions. With this in mind, both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of tau protein were evaluated in the brain of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and treated with the Aß25-35 peptide in the hippocampal region CA1. Weight, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, and insulin were determined. Male Wistar rats were divided in groups (N=20): a) control, b) treated only with the Aβ25-35 peptide, c) treated with Aβ25-35 and STZ, and d) treated only with STZ. Results showed statistically significant differences in the mean weight, glucose levels, insulin concentration, and HbA1c percentage, between C- and D-treated groups and not STZ-treated A and B (P<0.05). Interestingly, our results showed diminution of O-GlcNAcylation and increase in P-tau-Ser-396 in the hippocampal area of the Aβ25-35- and STZ-treated groups; moreover, enhanced expression of GSK3beta was observed in this last group. Our results suggest that hyperinsulinemia-Aβ25-35-hyperglycemia is relevant for the down regulation of O-GlcNAcylation and up-regulation of the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3beta), favoring Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in the brain of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduarda Cerón
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Department of Biochemistry, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, C.P. 14080 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico.
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Shaki F, Shayeste Y, Karami M, Akbari E, Rezaei M, Ataee R. The effect of epicatechin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by homocycteine using isolated rat hippocampus mitochondria. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:119-127. [PMID: 28515764 PMCID: PMC5385726 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.202450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main suggested mechanisms for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of epicatechin (EC) on mitochondrial damage induced by homocycteine (Hcy) using isolated rat hippocampus mitochondria in vivo. EC (50 mg/kg) was gavaged daily for a period of 10 days, starting 5 days prior to Hcy (0.5 μmol/μL) intra hippocampus injection in rats. Mitochondria were isolated from brain by different centrifuge techniques. Mitochondrial function was assayed by MTT test. Also, mitochondrial swelling and oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH), were assayed. Hcy induced mitochondrial dysfunction and swelling. Increase in ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and decreased GSH were observed after Hcy treatment in isolated brain mitochondria. Furthermore, oral administration of EC significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and ROS levels and also increased GSH levels. Also, EC treatment significantly improved mitochondrial function. As EC indicated protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by Hcy, it is suggested for further trials for prevention or treatments of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Yaghoub Shayeste
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Esmaeil Akbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahdi Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran.,Thalassemia Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
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Rameshrad M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:115-137. [PMID: 27915048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxins are natural or chemical poisonous substances with severe side effects on health. Humans are generally exposed by widespread toxic contaminations via air, soil, water, food, fruits and vegetables. Determining a critical antidote agent with extensive effects on different toxins is an ultimate goal for all toxicologists. Traditional medicine is currently perceived as a safe and natural approach against toxins. In this regard, we focused on the protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its main components such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate as a principal source of antioxidants against both natural and chemical toxins. This literate review demonstrates that protective effects of green tea and its constituents were mainly attributed to their anti-oxidative, radical scavenging, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties and modulating inflammatory responses. Although, some studies reveal they have protective effects by increasing toxin metabolism and neutralizing PLA2, proteases, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Cruz-González T, Cortez-Torres E, Perez-Severiano F, Espinosa B, Guevara J, Perez-Benitez A, Melendez FJ, Díaz A, Ramírez RE. Antioxidative stress effect of epicatechin and catechin induced by Aβ 25-35 in rats and use of the electrostatic potential and the Fukui function as a tool to elucidate specific sites of interaction. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:89-95. [PMID: 27118677 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques and cerebral vasculature. The Aβ25-35 fraction has shown the most toxicity; its neurotoxic mechanisms are associated with the generation of oxidative stress and reactive astrogliosis that induce neuronal death and memory impairment. Studies indicate that pharmacological treatment with flavonoids reduces the rate of AD, in particular, it has been shown that antioxidants are compounds that could interact with this peptide due to their antioxidant proprieties. In this study, experimental and computational tools were used to calculate the molecular electrostatic potential and the Fukui function with the Gaussian 09 computational program, to predict the most reactive parts of these molecules and make the complex between Aβ25-35 and two flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin) in the absolute gas-phase, where a possible interaction between them was observed. This is important for understanding the Aβ25-35-Flavonoid (A-F) interaction as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit the neurotoxic effects that this peptide causes in AD, which currently is still considered an ambiguous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Cruz-González
- Departamento de Fisicomatematicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Estephania Cortez-Torres
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenrativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Perez-Severiano
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón Perez-Benitez
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Melendez
- Lab. de Química Teórica, Centro de Investigación, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. 105-I, San Claudio y 22 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
| | - Ramsés E Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisicomatematicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
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Zhang Z, Wu H, Huang H. Epicatechin Plus Treadmill Exercise are Neuroprotective Against Moderate-stage Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S139-46. [PMID: 27279698 PMCID: PMC4883070 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests that exercise and dietary polyphenols are beneficial in reducing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 8 months old amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice (a moderate pathology phase) were given the green tea catechin (-)-epicatechin delivered orally in the drinking water (50 mg/kg daily), along with treadmill exercise for 4 months, in order to investigate whether the combination can ameliorate the cognitive loss and delay the progression of AD in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. Results: At termination, untreated-Tg mice showed elevated soluble amyloid-β (Aβ1–40) and Aβ1–42 levels and deficits in spatial learning and memory, compared with their wild-type littermates. The combined intervention protected against cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze, lowered soluble Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels in the hippocampus as well as reducing brain oxidative stress. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins wee elevated and Akt/GSK-3/cAMP response element-binding protein signaling was activated in the combination group. Conclusions: Dietary polyphenol plus exercise may exert beneficial effects on brain health and slow the progression of moderate- or mid-stages of AD. SUMMARY Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 transgenic mice showed elevated soluble amyloid-β (Aβ1–40) and Aβ1–42 levels and deficits in spatial learning and memory, compared with their wild-type littermates Oral administration of epicatechin, combined with treadmill exercise for 4 months, could protect against cognitive deficits, and lowered soluble Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels as well as reducing brain oxidative stress Brain-derived neurotrophic factor proteins were elevated, and Akt/GSK-3/cAMP response element binding protein signaling was activated in the combination group Dietary polyphenol plus exercise might exert beneficial effects on brain health and slow the progression of moderate- or mid-stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Abbreviations used: AD: Alzheimer's disease, Tg: APP/PS1 transgenic, BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Aβ: Amyloid-β, APP: Amyloid precursor protein, PS1: Presenilin 1, nTg: Wild-type littermates, IACUC: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, GSSG: Glutathione oxidized form, GSH: Glutathione reductase, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, LPO: Lipoperoxidation, CREB: cAMP response element binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Houcai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Cheng T, Wang W, Li Q, Han X, Xing J, Qi C, Lan X, Wan J, Potts A, Guan F, Wang J. Cerebroprotection of flavanol (-)-epicatechin after traumatic brain injury via Nrf2-dependent and -independent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:15-28. [PMID: 26724590 PMCID: PMC4769660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which leads to disability, dysfunction, and even death, is a prominent health problem worldwide with no effective treatment. A brain-permeable flavonoid named (-)-epicatechin (EC) modulates redox/oxidative stress and has been shown to be beneficial for vascular and cognitive function in humans and for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in rodents. Here we examined whether EC is able to protect the brain against TBI-induced brain injury in mice and if so, whether it exerts neuroprotection by modulating the NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway. We used the controlled cortical impact model to mimic TBI. EC was administered orally at 3h after TBI and then every 24h for either 3 or 7 days. We evaluated lesion volume, brain edema, white matter injury, neurologic deficits, cognitive performance and emotion-like behaviors, neutrophil infiltration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a variety of injury-related protein markers. Nrf2 knockout mice were used to determine the role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway after EC treatment. In wild-type mice, EC significantly reduced lesion volume, edema, and cell death and improved neurologic function on days 3 and 28; cognitive performance and depression-like behaviors were also improved with EC administration. In addition, EC reduced white matter injury, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and ferric iron deposition after TBI. These changes were accompanied by attenuation of neutrophil infiltration and oxidative insults, reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9, decreased Keap 1 expression, increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, and increased expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and quinone 1. However, EC did not significantly reduce lesion volume or improve neurologic deficits in Nrf2 knockout mice after TBI. Our results show that EC protects the TBI brain by activating the Nrf2 pathway, inhibiting heme oxygenase-1 protein expression, and reducing iron deposition. The latter two effects could represent an Nrf2-independent mechanism in this model of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cunfang Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexa Potts
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fangxia Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Monserrat Hernández-Hernández E, Serrano-García C, Antonio Vázquez-Roque R, Díaz A, Monroy E, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Florán B, Flores G. Chronic administration of resveratrol prevents morphological changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged rats. Synapse 2016; 70:206-17. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Serrano-García
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
| | | | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Elibeth Monroy
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
| | | | - Benjamin Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología; Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados IPN; DF México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
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Bensalem J, Dal-Pan A, Gillard E, Calon F, Pallet V. Protective effects of berry polyphenols against age-related cognitive impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bensalem
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- INRA, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Activ’Inside, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - Alexandre Dal-Pan
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Gillard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
- Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- INRA, Nutrition et neurobiologie intégrée, UMR 1286, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Wang T, Ding L, Jin H, Shi R, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhu L, Ma Y. Simultaneous quantification of catechin, epicatechin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, piperine and glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study of Longhu Rendan pills. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Huajia Jin
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
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Zamani M, Rohampour K, Zeraati M, Hosseinmardi N, Kazemian MM. Pre-training Catechin gavage prevents memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:225-9. [PMID: 26166589 PMCID: PMC4710338 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2015.3.20140440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of Catechin (CAT) on memory acquisition and retrieval in the animal model of sporadic alzheimer’s disease (sAD) induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in passive avoidance memory test. Methods: Thirty adult rats were divided into 5 experimental groups (n=6). Animals were treated by icv saline/STZ (3 mg/kg) injection at day one and 3 after cannulation. The STZ+CAT group received 40 mg/kg CAT by daily gavages for 10 days, after icv STZ treatment and before training. The step-through latency (STL) and time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) were evaluated to examine the memory acquisition and retrieval. All tests were performed in Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, from April to December 2013. Results: The STZ treatment significantly decreased STL and increased the number of entries to the dark compartment on the training day. It also increased TDC, on day one and 7 after training. Pre-training gavage of CAT reversed the STL significantly (p=0.027). The CAT treatment also decreased the TDC in both early and late retrieval, in respect to STZ group. Conclusion: This data suggests that CAT as an antioxidant could improve both memory acquisition and retrieval in the animal model of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Zamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Hage S, Stanga S, Marinangeli C, Octave JN, Dewachter I, Quetin-Leclercq J, Kienlen-Campard P. Characterization of Pterocarpus erinaceus kino extract and its gamma-secretase inhibitory properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:192-202. [PMID: 25639816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aqueous decoction of Pterocarpus erinaceus has been traditionally used in Benin against memory troubles. AIM OF THE STUDY New strategies are needed against Alzheimer׳s disease (AD), for, to date, AD treatment is symptomatic and consists in drugs treating the cognitive decline. An interesting target is the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), whose accumulation and progressive deposition into amyloid plaques are key events in AD aetiology. Identifying new and more selective γ-secretase inhibitors or modulators (none of the existing has proven so far to be selective or fully efficient) appears in this respect of particular interest. We studied the activity and mechanisms of action of Pterocarpus erinaceus kino aqueous extract, after the removal of catechic tannins (KAST). METHODS AND RESULTS We tested KAST at non-toxic concentrations on cells expressing the human Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP695), as well as on primary neurons. Pterocarpus erinaceus extract was found to inhibit Aβ release in both models. We further showed that KAST inhibited γ-secretase activity in cell-free and in vitro assays, strongly suggesting that KAST is a natural γ-secretase inhibitor. Importantly, this extract did not inhibit the cleavage of Notch, another γ-secretase substrate responsible for major detrimental side effects observed with γ-secretase inhibitors. Epicatechin was further identified in KAST by HPLC-MS. CONCLUSION Pterocarpus erinaceus kino extract appears therefore as a new γ-secretase inhibitor selective towards APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Hage
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Serena Stanga
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Claudia Marinangeli
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium.
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Kuo HC, Chang HC, Lan WC, Tsai FH, Liao JC, Wu CR. Protective effects of Drynaria fortunei against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative damage in B35 cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2015; 5:1956-65. [PMID: 24971874 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the antioxidant and protective properties of the aqueous extract of two commercial Polydiaceae plants - Drynaria fortunei (DF) and Pseudodrynaria coronans (PC) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative damage in B35 neuroblastoma cells. The contents of their phytochemical profiles were determined by spectrophotometric methods and high performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector. DF extract showed better effects than PC extract in scavenging ROS and inhibiting 6-OHDA autoxidation. Following exposure to 6-OHDA, B35 cells showed a marked decrease in cell survival and the activation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and the PI3K/AKT pathway, and then an increased level of lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with DF extract blocked these 6-OHDA-induced cellular events. Naringin and epicatechin are major components of DF extract. These results show that DF extract exerts protective effects against 6-OHDA toxicity via radical scavenging activity and an increase in the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to elevate the levels of intracellular antioxidant enzymes including HO-1, NQO-1 and glutathione-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Kuo
- The Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Leonardo CC, Mendes M, Ahmad AS, Doré S. Efficacy of prophylactic flavan-3-ol in permanent focal ischemia in 12-mo-old mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H583-91. [PMID: 25576625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00239.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of flavan-3-ol-containing foods, including (-)-epicatechin (EC), has been linked to lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We previously demonstrated nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2) -dependent EC efficacy in reducing stroke-induced deficits in 2-mo-old mice; yet stroke is primarily a disease of the elderly. Because neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction are hallmarks of aging, we tested whether Nrf2 mediates EC efficacy in aging mice through modulation of glial responses and blood brain barrier permeability. First, we compared anastomosis in naïve wild-type and C57BL/6 Nrf2(-/-) mice to identify potential differences in cerebrovascular architecture. Data showed no significant differences in the number of anastomoses or mean intersection points, indicating similar gross vascular physiology. To assess efficacy and mechanisms of protection, wild-type or Nrf2(-/-) mice were administered the minimum effective EC dose established in our previous studies before the permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Similar to previous results with young mice, 12-mo-old wild types also showed significant reductions in infarct volume (41.01 ± 29.57%) and improved performance in removing adhesive tape relative to vehicle-treated controls, whereas a trend toward protection was observed in Nrf2(-/-). However, EC did not reduce immunoreactivity for the microglia/macrophage marker anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, suggesting that dampened activation/recruitment did not account for EC protection. Furthermore, there were no differences in mouse IgG extravasation or spontaneous hemorrhage between EC-treated groups. These data demonstrate that EC protection occurs independent of microglia/macrophage modulation or blood brain barrier preservation, suggesting that the glial cell responses in young mice are compensatory to another, and potentially novel, protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Leonardo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Translational Research and Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Monique Mendes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Translational Research and Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Abdullah S Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Translational Research and Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Translational Research and Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Plant-derived flavanol (-)epicatechin mitigates anxiety in association with elevated hippocampal monoamine and BDNF levels, but does not influence pattern separation in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e493. [PMID: 25562843 PMCID: PMC4312829 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanols found in natural products such as cocoa and green tea elicit structural and biochemical changes in the hippocampus, a brain area important for mood and cognition. Here, we evaluated the outcome of daily consumption of the flavanol (-)epicatechin (4 mg per day in water) by adult male C57BL/6 mice on measures of anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF). Furthermore, pattern separation, the ability to distinguish between closely spaced identical stimuli, considered to be mediated by the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), was tested using the touchscreen. To investigate mechanisms through which (-)epicatechin may exert its effects, mice were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (50 mg kg(-1)) to evaluate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, monoaminergic and neurotrophin signaling pathway proteins were measured in tissue derived from subject cortices and hippocampi. Flavanol consumption reduced anxiety in the OF and EPM. Elevated hippocampal and cortical tyrosine hydroxylase, downregulated cortical monoamine oxidase-A levels, as well as increased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF support the flavanol's anxiolytic effects. In addition, elevated pAkt in hippocampus and cortex was observed. (-)Epicatechin ingestion did not facilitate touchscreen performance or DG neurogenesis, suggesting a non-neurogenic mechanism. The concurrent modulation of complementary neurotrophic and monoaminergic signaling pathways may contribute to beneficial mood-modulating effects of this flavanol.
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Lazcano Z, Solis O, Bringas ME, Limón D, Diaz A, Espinosa B, García-Peláez I, Flores G, Guevara J. Unilateral injection of Aβ25-35in the hippocampus reduces the number of dendritic spines in hyperglycemic rats. Synapse 2014; 68:585-594. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zayda Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Oscar Solis
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - María Elena Bringas
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Isabel García-Peláez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría; Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México Distrito Federal México
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Zeng YQ, Wang YJ, Zhou XF. Effects of (-)Epicatechin on the Pathology of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Neurol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24847308 PMCID: PMC4023066 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal networks. The clearance of Aβ from the brain and anti-inflammation are potential important strategies to prevent and treat disease. In a previous study, we demonstrated the grape seed extract (GSE) could reduce brain Aβ burden and microglia activation, but which polyphenol plays a major role in these events is not known. Here, we tested pharmacological effects of (−)epicatechin, one principle polyphenol compound in GSE, on transgenic AD mice. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were fed with (−)epicatechin diet (40 mg/kg/day) and curcumin diet (47 mg/kg/day) at 3 months of age for 9 months, the function of liver, Aβ levels in the brain and serum, AD-type neuropathology, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. Results: Toward the end of the experiment, we found long-term feeding of (−)epicatechin diet was well tolerated without fatality, changes in food consumption, body weight, or liver function. (−)Epicatechin significantly reduced total Aβ in brain and serum by 39 and 40%, respectively, compared with control diet. Microgliosis and astrocytosis in the brain of Alzheimer’s mice were also reduced by 38 and 35%, respectively. The (−)epicatechin diet did not alter learning and memory behaviors in AD mice. Conclusion: This study has provided evidence on the beneficial role of (−)epicatechin in ameliorating amyloid-induced AD-like pathology in AD mice, but the impact of (−)epicatechin on tau pathology is not clear, also the mechanism needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China ; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA , Australia
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Chang CF, Cho S, Wang J. (-)-Epicatechin protects hemorrhagic brain via synergistic Nrf2 pathways. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:258-271. [PMID: 24741667 PMCID: PMC3984761 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the wake of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a devastating stroke with no effective treatment, hemoglobin/iron-induced oxidative injury leads to neuronal loss and poor neurologic outcomes. (-)-Epicatechin (EC), a brain-permeable flavanol that modulates redox/oxidative stress via the NF-E2–related factor (Nrf) 2 pathway, has been shown to be beneficial for vascular and cognitive function in humans. Here, we examined whether EC can reduce early brain injury in ICH mouse models and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods ICH was induced by injecting collagenase, autologous blood, or thrombin into mouse striatum. EC was administered orally at 3 h after ICH and then every 24 h. Lesion volume, neurologic deficits, brain edema, reactive oxygen species, and protein expression and activity were evaluated. Results EC significantly reduced lesion volume and ameliorated neurologic deficits in both male and female ICH mice. Cell death and neuronal degeneration were decreased in the perihematomal area and were associated with reductions in caspase-3 activity and high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) level. These changes were accompanied by attenuation of oxidative insults, increased phase II enzyme expression, and increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation. Interestingly, in addition to providing neuroprotection via Nrf2 signaling, EC diminished heme oxygenase-1 induction and brain iron deposition via an Nrf2-independent pathway that downregulated ICH-induced activating protein-1 activation and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity, lipocalin-2 levels, iron-dependent cell death, and ferroptosis-related gene expression. Interpretation Collectively, our data show that EC protects against ICH by activation of Nrf2-dependent and -independent pathways and may serve as a potential intervention for patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Feng Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Suzy Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Kim J, Kim J, Shim J, Lee CY, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Cocoa Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms on Health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1458-72. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.641041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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