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Corli G, Tirri M, Bassi M, Bernardi T, Boccuto F, Borsari M, Zauli G, Bilel S, Marti M. 5-HT 2A receptors are involved in the pharmaco-toxicological effects of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and 5F-PB22: In vivo studies in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176486. [PMID: 38458413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the last years, Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs) have been among the largest and most frequently seized groups of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS). These substances have been frequently detected in biological samples from patients involved in several intoxication and death cases. Their serious adverse effects have been related to their action as potent agonist of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. However, evidence concerning the potential interaction between SCs and serotoninergic mechanisms has emerged. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the involvement of 5-HT2A receptors in the effects induced by acute systemic administration of 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018; 1 mg/kg) and quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-8-carboxylate (5F-PB22; 1 mg/kg). Sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and tactile) responses, pain threshold (acute mechanical and thermal nociception), core temperature, breath rate and motor performance (stepping activity) have been assessed in CD-1 male mice. The present results pointed out that both substances deeply alter sensorimotor responses, nociceptive threshold, core temperature, breath rate and motor activity in mice. Noteworthy, pretreatment with the selective 5-HT2A receptors antagonist MDL100907 (0.1 mg/kg) at least partially prevented sensorimotor disruption, antinociception and hypothermic effects. Conversely, the respiratory and motor impairment was not prevented. Thus, it states the relevance of serotoninergic 5-HT2A mechanisms on pharmaco-toxicological effects induced by SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Corli
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bassi
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Boccuto
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Borsari
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Excellence of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
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2
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Aguiar DD, Petrocchi JA, da Silva GC, Lemos VS, Castor MGME, Perez ADC, Duarte IDG, Romero TRL. Participation of the cannabinoid system and the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway in serotonin-induced peripheral antinociception. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137536. [PMID: 37898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
It has already been shown that serotonin can release endocannabinoids at the spinal cord level, culminating in inhibition of the dorsal horn. At the peripheral level, cannabinoid receptors modulate primary afferent neurons by inhibiting calcium conductance and increasing potassium conductance. Studies have shown that after the activation of opioid receptors and cannabinoids, there is also the activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway, inducing cellular hyperpolarization. In this study, we evaluated the participation of the cannabinoid system with subsequent activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the peripheral antinociceptive effect of serotonin. The paw pressure test of mice was used in animals that had their sensitivity to pain increased due to an intraplantar injection of PGE2 (2 μg). Serotonin (250 ng/paw), administered locally in the right hind paw, induced antinociceptive effect. CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors antagonists, AM251 (20, 40 and 80 μg) and AM630 (25, 50 and 100 μg), respectively, reversed the serotonin-induced antinociceptive effect. MAFP (0.5 μg), an inhibitor of the FAAH enzyme that degrades anandamide, and JZL184 (3.75 μg), an inhibitor of the enzyme MAGL that degrades 2-AG, as well as the VDM11 (2.5 μg) inhibitor of anandamide reuptake, potentiated the antinociceptive effect induced by a low dose (62. 5 ng) of serotonin. In the evaluation of the participation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway, the antinociceptive effect of serotonin was reversed by the administration of the non-selective inhibitor of NOS isoforms L-NOarg (12.5, 25 and 50 μg) and by the selective inhibitor for the neuronal isoform LNPA (24 μg), as well as by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (25, 50 and 100 μg). Among potassium channel blockers, only Glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 μg), an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, reversed the effect of serotonin. In addition, intraplantar administration of serotonin (250 ng) was shown to induce a significant increase in nitrite levels in the homogenate of the plantar surface of the paw of mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of serotonin occurs by activation of the cannabinoid system with subsequent activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Diniz Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júlia Alvarenga Petrocchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Caroline da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Gomes Miranda E Castor
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Andrea de Castro Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor Dimitri Gama Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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3
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Munawar N, Bitar MS, Masocha W. Activation of 5-HT1A Receptors Normalizes the Overexpression of Presynaptic 5-HT1A Receptors and Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14334. [PMID: 37762636 PMCID: PMC10532078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a well-documented phenomenon in experimental and clinical diabetes; however, current treatment is unsatisfactory. Serotoninergic-containing neurons are key components of the descending autoinhibitory pathway, and a decrease in their activity may contribute at least in part to diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). A streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rat was used as a model for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Pain transmission was evaluated using well-established nociceptive-based techniques, including the Hargreaves apparatus, cold plate and dynamic plantar aesthesiometer. Using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and HPLC-based techniques, we also measured in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system of diabetic animals the expression and localization of 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR), levels of key enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of tryptophan and 5-HT, including tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph-2), tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) and Ido2. Moreover, spinal concentrations of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA, a metabolite of 5-HT) and quinolinic acid (QA, a metabolite of tryptophan) were also quantified. Diabetic rats developed thermal hyperalgesia and cold/mechanical allodynia, and these behavioral abnormalities appear to be associated with the upregulation in the levels of expression of critical molecules related to the serotoninergic nervous system, including presynaptic 5-HT1AR and the enzymes Tph-2, Tdo, Ido1 and Ido2. Interestingly, the level of postsynaptic 5-HT1AR remains unaltered in STZ-induced T1DM. Chronic treatment of diabetic animals with 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT1AR agonist, downregulated the upregulation of neuronal presynaptic 5-HT1AR, increased spinal release of 5-HT (↑ 5-HIAA/5-HT) and reduced the concentration of QA, decreased mRNA expression of Tdo, Ido1 and Ido2, arrested neuronal degeneration and ameliorated pain-related behavior as exemplified by thermal hyperalgesia and cold/mechanical allodynia. These data show that 8-OH-DPAT alleviates DNP and other components of the serotoninergic system, including the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT and 5-HT1AR, and could be a useful therapeutic agent for managing DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Munawar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya 046302, Kuwait;
| | - Milad S. Bitar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya 046302, Kuwait;
| | - Willias Masocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya 046302, Kuwait;
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Zhang M, Li C, Xue Q, Lu CB, Zhao H, Meng FC, Zhang Y, Wu SX, Zhang Y, Xu H. Activation of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 in GABAergic Neurons in the Rostral Anterior Insular Cortex Contributes to the Analgesia Following Common Peroneal Nerve Ligation. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1348-1362. [PMID: 36773215 PMCID: PMC10465468 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) has been associated with pain modulation. Although the endogenous cannabinoid system (eCB) has been shown to regulate chronic pain, the roles of eCBs in the RAIC remain elusive under the neuropathic pain state. Neuropathic pain was induced in C57BL/6 mice by common peroneal nerve (CPN) ligation. The roles of the eCB were tested in the RAIC of ligated CPN C57BL/6J mice, glutamatergic, or GABAergic neuron cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) knockdown mice with the whole-cell patch-clamp and pain behavioral methods. The E/I ratio (amplitude ratio between mEPSCs and mIPSCs) was significantly increased in layer V pyramidal neurons of the RAIC in CPN-ligated mice. Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition but not depolarization-induced suppression of excitation in RAIC layer V pyramidal neurons were significantly increased in CPN-ligated mice. The analgesic effect of ACEA (a CB1R agonist) was alleviated along with bilateral dorsolateral funiculus lesions, with the administration of AM251 (a CB1R antagonist), and in CB1R knockdown mice in GABAergic neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons of the RAIC. Our results suggest that CB1R activation reinforces the function of the descending pain inhibitory pathway via reducing the inhibition of glutamatergic layer V neurons by GABAergic neurons in the RAIC to induce an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274031, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chang-Bo Lu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fan-Cheng Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274031, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Bardoni R. Serotonergic 5-HT 7 Receptors as Modulators of the Nociceptive System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1548-1557. [PMID: 36453491 PMCID: PMC10472814 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic amine serotonin modulates pain perception by activating several types of serotonergic receptors, including the 5-HT7 type. These receptors are widely expressed along the pain axis, both peripherally, on primary nociceptors, and centrally, in the spinal cord and the brain. The role of 5-HT7 receptors in modulating pain has been explored in vivo in different models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. While most studies have reported an antinociceptive effect of 5-HT7 receptor activation, some authors have suggested a pronociceptive action. Differences in pain models, animal species and gender, receptor types, agonists, and route of administration could explain these discrepancies. In this mini-review, some of the main findings concerning the function of 5-HT7 receptors in the pain system have been presented. The expression patterns of the receptors at the different levels of the pain axis, along with the cellular mechanisms involved in their activity, have been described. Alterations in receptor expression and/or function in different pain models and the role of 5-HT7 receptors in controlling pain transmission have also been discussed. Finally, some of the future perspectives in this field have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena, and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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6
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Antinociceptive effect of N-(3-(phenylselanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide in mice: Involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/2C receptors. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Lee JH, Kim W. Involvement of Serotonergic System in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:970. [PMID: 34440174 PMCID: PMC8394518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used against colorectal and breast cancers; however, it can also induce peripheral neuropathy that can rapidly occur even after a single infusion in up to 80-90% of treated patients. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanism and find an effective therapeutic agent that could diminish pain without damaging its anti-tumor effect. However, its mechanism is not yet clearly understood. The serotonergic system, as part of the descending pain inhibitory system, has been reported to be involved in different types of pain. The malfunction of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) or its receptors has been associated with the development and maintenance of pain. However, its role in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy has not been clearly elucidated. In this review, 16 in vivo studies focused on the role of the serotonergic system in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain were analyzed. Five studies analyzed the involvement of 5-HT, while fourteen studies observed the role of its receptors in oxaliplatin-induced allodynia. The results show that 5-HT is not involved in the development of oxaliplatin-induced allodynia, but increasing the activity of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors and decreasing the action of 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors may help inhibit pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
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Chia JSM, Farouk AAO, Mohamad TAST, Sulaiman MR, Zakaria H, Hassan NI, Perimal EK. Zerumbone Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain Symptoms via Cannabinoid and PPAR Receptors Using In Vivo and In Silico Models. Molecules 2021; 26:3849. [PMID: 34202590 PMCID: PMC8270339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition persisting past the presence of any noxious stimulus or inflammation. Zerumbone, of the Zingiber zerumbet ginger plant, has exhibited anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic effects in a neuropathic pain animal model, amongst other pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying zerumbone's antineuropathic actions. Research on therapeutic agents involving cannabinoid (CB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) is rising. These receptor systems have shown importance in causing a synergistic effect in suppressing nociceptive processing. Behavioural responses were assessed using the von Frey filament test (mechanical allodynia) and Hargreaves plantar test (thermal hyperalgesia), in chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain mice. Antagonists SR141716 (CB1 receptor), SR144528 (CB2 receptor), GW6471 (PPARα receptor) and GW9662 (PPARγ receptor) were pre-administered before the zerumbone treatment. Our findings indicated the involvement of CB1, PPARα and PPARγ in zerumbone's action against mechanical allodynia, whereas only CB1 and PPARα were involved against thermal hyperalgesia. Molecular docking studies also suggest that zerumbone has a comparable and favourable binding affinity against the respective agonist on the CB and PPAR receptors studied. This finding will contribute to advance our knowledge on zerumbone and its significance in treating neuropathic pain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Neuralgia/pathology
- PPAR alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR alpha/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Siew Min Chia
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.O.F.); (T.A.S.T.M.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.O.F.); (T.A.S.T.M.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Tengku Azam Shah Tengku Mohamad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.O.F.); (T.A.S.T.M.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.O.F.); (T.A.S.T.M.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Hanis Zakaria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (H.Z.); (N.I.H.)
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (H.Z.); (N.I.H.)
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.A.O.F.); (T.A.S.T.M.); (M.R.S.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Abstract
This paper introduces a new construct, the 'pivotal mental state', which is defined as a hyper-plastic state aiding rapid and deep learning that can mediate psychological transformation. We believe this new construct bears relevance to a broad range of psychological and psychiatric phenomena. We argue that pivotal mental states serve an important evolutionary function, that is, to aid psychological transformation when actual or perceived environmental pressures demand this. We cite evidence that chronic stress and neurotic traits are primers for a pivotal mental state, whereas acute stress can be a trigger. Inspired by research with serotonin 2A receptor agonist psychedelics, we highlight how activity at this particular receptor can robustly and reliably induce pivotal mental states, but we argue that the capacity for pivotal mental states is an inherent property of the human brain itself. Moreover, we hypothesize that serotonergic psychedelics hijack a system that has evolved to mediate rapid and deep learning when its need is sensed. We cite a breadth of evidences linking stress via a variety of inducers, with an upregulated serotonin 2A receptor system (e.g. upregulated availability of and/or binding to the receptor) and acute stress with 5-HT release, which we argue can activate this primed system to induce a pivotal mental state. The pivotal mental state model is multi-level, linking a specific molecular gateway (increased serotonin 2A receptor signaling) with the inception of a hyper-plastic brain and mind state, enhanced rate of associative learning and the potential mediation of a psychological transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Brouwer
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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WeiWei Y, WenDi F, Mengru C, Tuo Y, Chen G. The cellular mechanism by which the rostral ventromedial medulla acts on the spinal cord during chronic pain. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:545-558. [PMID: 33565739 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of chronic pain partly results from central changes caused by alterations in neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem regulatory pathway. The RVM, which plays a key role in the descending pain control pathway, greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. However, the exact roles of the RVM in chronic pain remain unclear, making it difficult to develop new drugs targeting the RVM and related pathways. Here, we first discuss the roles of the RVM and related circuits in chronic pain. Then, we analyze synaptic transmission between RVM neurons and spinal cord neurons, specifically focusing on the release of neurotransmitters, to explore the cellular mechanisms by which the RVM regulates chronic pain. Finally, we propose some ideas for the development of drugs targeting the RVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu WeiWei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Fei WenDi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Cui Mengru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Yang Tuo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China.,Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
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11
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Ibarra-Lecue I, Diez-Alarcia R, Urigüen L. Serotonin 2A receptors and cannabinoids. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 259:135-175. [PMID: 33541675 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has proven that both exogenous cannabinoids as well as imbalances in the endocannabinoid system are involved in the onset and development of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia. Extensive recent research in this topic has mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoid agonists may contribute to the pathophysiology of these disorders. Initially, serotonin neurotransmitter garnered most attention due to its relationship to mood disorders and mental diseases, with little attention to specific receptors. To date, the focus has redirected toward the understanding of different serotonin receptors, through a demonstration of its versatile pharmacology and synergy with different modulators. Serotonin 2A receptors are a good example of this phenomenon, and the complex signaling that they trigger appears of high relevance in the context of mental disorders, especially in schizophrenia. This chapter will analyze most relevant attributes of serotonin 2A receptors and the endocannabinoid system, and will highlight the evidence toward the functional bidirectional interaction between these elements in the brain as well as the impact of the endocannabinoid system dysregulation on serotonin 2A receptors functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibarra-Lecue
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez-Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Nocheva H, Sabit Z, Bakalov D, Grigorov E. Interactions between the cannabinoid and the serotonergic systems in modulation of pain perception. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e49219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of cannabinoids and serotonergic system on nociception in intact rats and after heat stress. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5НТ1А) agonists and antagonists have been administered according to different experimental designs (alone and in combinations) in intact male Wistar rats, as well in animals subjected to one hour of heat stress. Pain perception has been evaluated by Paw pressure test. Our results pointed out that cannabinoids and the serotonergic system interact in nociception in intact animals as well as after heat stress. Cannabinoids seemed to have less prominent role in such interaction in intact animals than after heat stress. The interplay between the two systems probably involves different mechanisms in intact animals and after heat stress with time-dependent effects. The interaction between the cannabinoid and the serotonergic systems exerts a modulating rather than mediating effect on h-SIA.
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Narouze S. Antinociception mechanisms of action of cannabinoid-based medicine: an overview for anesthesiologists and pain physicians. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020; 46:240-250. [PMID: 33239391 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid-based medications possess unique multimodal analgesic mechanisms of action, modulating diverse pain targets. Cannabinoids are classified based on their origin into three categories: endocannabinoids (present endogenously in human tissues), phytocannabinoids (plant derived) and synthetic cannabinoids (pharmaceutical). Cannabinoids exert an analgesic effect, peculiarly in hyperalgesia, neuropathic pain and inflammatory states. Endocannabinoids are released on demand from postsynaptic terminals and travels retrograde to stimulate cannabinoids receptors on presynaptic terminals, inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Cannabinoids (endogenous and phytocannabinoids) produce analgesia by interacting with cannabinoids receptors type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), as well as putative non-CB1/CB2 receptors; G protein-coupled receptor 55, and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1. Moreover, they modulate multiple peripheral, spinal and supraspinal nociception pathways. Cannabinoids-opioids cross-modulation and synergy contribute significantly to tolerance and antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids. This narrative review evaluates cannabinoids' diverse mechanisms of action as it pertains to nociception modulation relevant to the practice of anesthesiologists and pain medicine physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Narouze
- Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA
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14
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Poleszak E, Wośko S, Sławińska K, Wyska E, Szopa A, Świąder K, Wróbel A, Szponar J, Doboszewska U, Wlaź P, Wlaź A, Serefko A. Influence of the endocannabinoid system on the antidepressant activity of bupropion and moclobemide in the behavioural tests in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1562-1572. [PMID: 32221841 PMCID: PMC7704509 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Though there are several classes of antidepressant drugs available on the pharmaceutical market, depression that affects globally over 320 million people is still undertreated. Scientists have made attempts to develop novel therapeutical strategies to maximize effectiveness of therapy and minimize undesired reactions. One of the ideas is use of either dual-action agents or combined administration of two substances that affect diverse neurotransmissions. Thus, we investigated whether the selected CB receptor ligands (oleamide, AM251, JWH133, and AM630) can have an impact on the activity of bupropion and moclobemide. Bupropion belongs to the dual acting drugs, whereas moclobemide is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Methods The mice forced swim test and the tail suspension test were applied in order to determine the potential antidepressant-like activity, whereas the HPLC method was used in order to assess the brain concentrations of the tested antidepressants. Results An intraperitoneal injection of sub-effective doses of oleamide (5 mg/kg), AM251 (0.25 mg/kg), and AM630 (0.25 mg/kg) increased activity of bupropion (10 mg/kg) in both behavioural tests. Effects of moclobemide (1.5 mg/kg) were potentiated only by AM251. These results were not influenced by the hypo- or hyperlocomotion of animals. Conclusion The outcomes of the present study revealed that particularly activation or inhibition of the CB1 receptor function may augment the antidepressant activity of bupropion, whereas only inhibition of the CB1 receptor function manages to increase activity of moclobemide. Most probably, an interplay between CB receptor ligands and bupropion or moclobemide takes place at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Sławińska
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szponar
- Toxicology Clinic, Medical University of Lublin: Clinical Department of Toxicology and Cardiology, Stefan Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital in Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 100, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wlaź
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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Yang A, Wang H, Zuo X, Yang J. Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 2 Inhibits Neuropathic Pain and Future Development of Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:875-881. [PMID: 32144993 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persistent neuropathic pain (NP) causes future development of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., Alzheimer' disease, and thus needs to be optimally treated. Surgically-induced neuropathic pain (SNPP) is a persistent pain that occurs in nearly half of the individuals after common operations. Here, we showed that specific activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2A receptors by systemic administration of TCB-2 [(4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl) methylamine hydrobromide] improved the function of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2), resulting in reduction in neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI), a rat model that mimics SNPP. Moreover, TCB-2 administration attenuated both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, likely through augmentation of dorsal horn KCC2 levels, since this effect was abolished by intrathecal provision of dihydroindenyl oxy alkanoic acid (DIOA), which blocked the effects of KCC2. Furthermore, TCB-2-mediated re-activation of KCC2 likely reduces future development of neurodegeneration in rats. Together, our data support further studies on the possibility of using this strategy to reduce postoperative pain and future neurodegenerative disorders in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Poleszak E, Wośko S, Sławińska K, Wyska E, Szopa A, Doboszewska U, Wlaź P, Wlaź A, Dudka J, Szponar J, Serefko A. Influence of the CB1 cannabinoid receptors on the activity of the monoaminergic system in the behavioural tests in mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nguyen HTT, Cho DH, Jang SH, Han SK, Park SJ. Potentiation of the glycine response by serotonin on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 23:271-279. [PMID: 31297011 PMCID: PMC6609265 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The lamina II, also called the substantia gelatinosa (SG), of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), is thought to play an essential role in the control of orofacial nociception. Glycine and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are the important neurotransmitters that have the individual parts on the modulation of nociceptive transmission. However, the electrophysiological effects of 5-HT on the glycine receptors on SG neurons of the Vc have not been well studied yet. For this reason, we applied the whole-cell patch clamp technique to explore the interaction of intracellular signal transduction between 5-HT and the glycine receptors on SG neurons of the Vc in mice. In nine of 13 neurons tested (69.2%), pretreatment with 5-HT potentiated glycine-induced current (IGly). Firstly, we examined with a 5-HT1 receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT, 5-HT1/7 agonist, co-applied with SB-269970, 5-HT7 antagonist) and antagonist (WAY-100635), but 5-HT1 receptor agonist did not increase IGly and in the presence of 5-HT1 antagonist, the potentiation of 5-HT on IGly still happened. However, an agonist (α-methyl-5-HT) and antagonist (ketanserin) of the 5-HT2 receptor mimicked and inhibited the enhancing effect of 5-HT on IGly in the SG neurons, respectively. We also verified the role of the 5-HT7 receptor by using a 5-HT7 antagonist (SB-269970) but it also did not block the enhancement of 5-HT on IGly. Our study demonstrated that 5-HT facilitated IGly in the SG neurons of the Vc through the 5-HT2 receptor. The interaction between 5-HT and glycine appears to have a significant role in modulating the transmission of the nociceptive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonbuk National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Blanton HL, Brelsfoard J, DeTurk N, Pruitt K, Narasimhan M, Morgan DJ, Guindon J. Cannabinoids: Current and Future Options to Treat Chronic and Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Drugs 2019; 79:969-995. [PMID: 31127530 PMCID: PMC8310464 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-019-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increases in cancer diagnosis have tremendous negative impacts on patients and their families, and major societal and economic costs. The beneficial effect of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor suppression comes with major unwanted side effects such as weight and hair loss, nausea and vomiting, and neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which can include both painful and non-painful symptoms, can persist 6 months or longer after the patient's last chemotherapeutic treatment. These peripheral sensory and motor deficits are poorly treated by our current analgesics with limited effectiveness. Therefore, the development of novel treatment strategies is an important preclinical research focus and an urgent need for patients. Approaches to prevent CIPN have yielded disappointing results since these compounds may interfere with the anti-tumor properties of chemotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, the first (serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs], anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants) and second (5% lidocaine patches, 8% capsaicin patches and weak opioids such as tramadol) lines of treatment for CIPN have shown some efficacy. The clinical challenge of CIPN management in cancer patients and the need to target novel therapies with long-term efficacy in alleviating CIPN are an ongoing focus of research. The endogenous cannabinoid system has shown great promise and efficacy in alleviating CIPN in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms through which the platinum, taxane, and vinca alkaloid classes of chemotherapeutics may produce CIPN and the potential therapeutic effect of drugs targeting the endocannabinoid system in preclinical and clinical studies, in addition to cannabinoid compounds diffuse mechanisms of action in alleviation of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry L Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jennifer Brelsfoard
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Nathan DeTurk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street STOP 6592, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Daniel J Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Sánchez-Brualla I, Boulenguez P, Brocard C, Liabeuf S, Viallat-Lieutaud A, Navarro X, Udina E, Brocard F. Activation of 5-HT 2A Receptors Restores KCC2 Function and Reduces Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2018; 387:48-57. [PMID: 28844001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of the potassium chloride cotransporter type 2 (KCC2) after a spinal cord injury (SCI) disinhibits motoneurons and dorsal horn interneurons causing spasticity and neuropathic pain, respectively. We showed recently (Bos et al., 2013) that specific activation of 5-HT2A receptors by TCB-2 [(4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxybenzocyclobuten-1-yl)methylamine hydrobromide] upregulates KCC2 function, restores motoneuronal inhibition and reduces SCI-induced spasticity. Here, we tested the potential analgesic effect of TCB-2 on central (thoracic hemisection) and peripheral [spared nerve injury (SNI)] neuropathic pain. We found mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia reduced by an acute administration of TCB-2 in rats with SCI. This analgesic effect was associated with an increase in dorsal horn membrane KCC2 expression and was prevented by pharmacological blockade of KCC2 with an intrathecal injection of DIOA [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acid]. In contrast, the SNI-induced neuropathic pain was not attenuated by TCB-2 although there was a slight increase of membrane KCC2 expression in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the lesion. Up-regulation of KCC2 function by targeting 5-HT2A receptors, therefore, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain induced by SCI but not by SNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Brualla
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pascale Boulenguez
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Liabeuf
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Annelise Viallat-Lieutaud
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Udina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Frédéric Brocard
- Team P3M, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.
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Aksu AG, Gunduz O, Ulugol A. Contribution of spinal 5-HT 5A receptors to the antinociceptive effects of systemically administered cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 and morphine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:618-623. [PMID: 29406831 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids and opioids have been known for centuries. Serotonin and its receptors are also known to play important roles in nociception. However, the contribution of spinal 5-HT5A receptors in antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids and opioids has not been studied. We conducted this study to clarify spinal mechanisms of the actions of the antinociceptive effects of cannabinoids and opioids. Hot plate and tail flick tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity in Balb/c mice. WIN 55,212-2, a nonselective CB1 and CB2 agonist, and morphine exerted significant antinociceptive effects at 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg doses administered intraperitoneally in both hot plate and tail flick tests. The selective 5-HT5A receptor antagonist SB-699551 (10 nmol/mouse) was administered intrathecally 10 min before the agonists. SB-699551 significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of both WIN 55,212-2 and morphine. In the rotarod test, WIN 55,212-2 disrupted the motor coordination at a dose of 10 mg/kg, while morphine did not affect this function at any dose. Our findings show that spinal 5-HT5A receptors are involved in the antinociceptive effects of WIN 55,212-2 and morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Goktan Aksu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ulugol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey
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21
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Emer AA, Donatello NN, Batisti AP, Oliveira Belmonte LA, Santos ARS, Martins DF. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the antihyperalgesic effect of Cedrus atlantica essential oil inhalation in a mouse model of postoperative pain. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:477-484. [PMID: 28917977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cedar is part of the phylum of conifers, and it's essential oil has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that the inhalation of the Cedrus atlantica essential oil (CaEO) induces an antihyperalgesic effect in a model of postoperative pain. But the mechanism that underlies this effect is not yet fully known. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the antihyperalgesic effect produced by the inhalation of CaEO in a post operative pain model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice (25-35±2g) were subjected to plantar incision. To assess the involvement of the endocannabinoid system, two different approaches were made: (1) by administering antagonists to the CB1 and CB2 receptors in different sites (intraperitoneal [i.p.], intraplantar [i.pl.] and intrathecal [i.t.]) and (2) by assessing the synergic effect of the inhalation of sub-effective doses of CaEO, Fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH) and Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and endocannabinoid degradation inhibitors (URB937 and JZL184, respectively). RESULTS The antihyperalgesic effect of CaEO inhalation was prevented by pretreatment with AM281 or AM630 given by i.p. and i.t., but not i.pl. Additionally, in mice pretreated with FAAH or the MAGL inhibitors, the antihyperalgesic effect of CaEO inhalation was significantly longer, which demonstrates the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the antihyperalgesic effect of CaEO inhalation in a preclinical model of postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that CaEO inhalation exerts an antihyperalgesic effect, possibly by the activation of the endocannabinoid system in a preclinical model of postoperative pain. It could be a new alternative to treat pain in a clinical environment.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Cedrus/chemistry
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy
- Pain, Postoperative/physiopathology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Armiliato Emer
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx) and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Nahas Donatello
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx) and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Batisti
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx) and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Augusto Oliveira Belmonte
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx) and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx) and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Regulation of noradrenergic and serotonergic systems by cannabinoids: relevance to cannabinoid-induced effects. Life Sci 2018; 192:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Sousa FS, Anversa RG, Birmann PT, de Souza MN, Balaguez R, Alves D, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA, Savegnago L. Contribution of dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of α-(phenylalanyl) acetophenone. Pharmacol Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Descending serotonergic and noradrenergic systems do not regulate the antipruritic effects of cannabinoids. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2016; 28:321-326. [PMID: 27805543 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For centuries, cannabinoids have been known to be effective in pain states. Itch and pain are two sensations sharing a lot in common. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to observe whether the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 reduces serotonin-induced scratching behaviour and whether neurotoxic destruction of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways mediate the antipruritic effect of WIN 55,212-2. Material and methods Scratching behaviour was induced by intradermal injection of serotonin (50 µg/50 µl/mouse) to Balb/c mice. The neurotoxins 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 50 μg/mouse) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 μg/mouse) are applied intrathecally to deplete serotonin and noradrenaline in the spinal cord. WIN 55,212-2 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated serotonin-induced scratches. Neurotoxic destruction of neither the serotonergic nor the noradrenergic systems by 5,7-DHT and 6-OHDA, respectively, had any effect on the antipruritic action of WIN 55,212-2. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that cannabinoids dose-dependently reduce serotonin-induced scratching behaviour and neurotoxic destruction of descending inhibitory pathways does not mediate this antipruritic effect.
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Silva DPB, Florentino IF, Oliveira LP, Lino RC, Galdino PM, Menegatti R, Costa EA. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of 4-[(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl] 1-piperazine carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A new piperazine derivative. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 137:86-92. [PMID: 26276732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine compounds possess anti-infective, anti-carcinogenic, anxiolytic, hypotensive, anti-hypertensive and vasorelaxant properties and are attractive candidates for the development of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study investigates the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of piperazine derivative 4-[(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl]1-piperazine carboxylic acid ethyl ester (LQFM-008) and the involvement of the serotonergic pathway. In the formalin test, treatments with LQFM-008 (15 and 30mg/kg p.o.) reduced the licking time in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of this test. In the tail flick and hot plate tests, LQFM008 treatment (15 and 30mg/kg p.o.) increased latency to thermal stimulus, suggesting the involvement of central mechanisms in the anti-nociceptive effect of LQFM-008. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, LQFM-008 (p.o.) at the doses of 15 and 30mg/kg reduced the edema at all tested time points, while the dose of 7.5mg/kg reduced the edema only for the first hour. LQFM-008 (30mg/kg p.o.) reduced both cell migration and protein exudation in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy test. Furthermore, pre-treatment with NAN-190 (0.6mg/kgi.p.) and PCPA (100mg/kgi.p.) antagonized the anti-nociceptive effect of LQFM-008 in both phases of the formalin test. Our data suggest that LQFM-008 possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects mediated through the serotonergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiany P B Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Iziara F Florentino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lanussy P Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Roberta C Lino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Pablinny M Galdino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elson A Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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The critical role of spinal 5-HT7 receptors in opioid and non-opioid type stress-induced analgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:402-10. [PMID: 25917322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The opioid and non-opioid types of stress-induced analgesia have been well defined. One of the non-opioid type involve the endocannabinoid system. We previously reported that the spinal serotonin 7 receptor (5-HT7) blockers inhibit both morphine and cannabinoid-induced analgesia, thus we hypothesized that descending serotonergic pathways-spinal 5-HT7 receptor loop might contribute to stress-induced analgesia. Stress-induced analgesia was induced with warm (32°C) or cold (20°C) water swim stress in male Balb-C mice. The effects of intrathecal injection of a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, SB 269970, of the denervation of serotonergic neurons by intrathecal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and of lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus on opioid and non-opioid type stress-induced analgesia were evaluated with the tail-flick and hot plate tests. The expression of 5-HT7 receptors mRNA in the dorsal lumbar region of spinal cord were analyzed by RT-PCR following spinal serotonin depletion or dorsolateral funiculus lesion. The effects of the selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists LP 44 and AS 19 were tested on nociception. Intrathecal SB 269970 blocked both opioid and non-opioid type stress-induced analgesia. Dorsolateral funiculus lesion or denervation of the spinal serotonergic neurons resulted in a marked decrease in 5-HT7 receptor expression in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord, accompanied by inhibition of opioid and non-opioid type stress-induced analgesia. However, the systemic or intrathecal LP 44 and AS 19 alone did not produce analgesia in unstressed mice. These results indicate that descending serotonergic pathways and the spinal 5-HT7 receptor loop play a crucial role in mediating both opioid and non-opioid type stress-induced analgesia.
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Cho SY, Ki HG, Kim JM, Oh JM, Yang JH, Kim WM, Lee HG, Yoon MH, Choi JI. Expression of the spinal 5-HT7 receptor and p-ERK pathway in the carrageenan inflammatory pain of rats. Korean J Anesthesiol 2015; 68:170-4. [PMID: 25844136 PMCID: PMC4384405 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the inhibitory role of the 5-hydroxytrypatmine receptor 7(5-HT7R) on nociceptive processing is generally recognized, an excitatory effect associated with a reduced 5-HT7R expression has also been observed in the nerve injury model. In the carrageenan model, no significant effect is produced by the 5-HT7R activation, but the change in 5-HT7R expression has not been examined. Lesioning of the spinal serotonergic pathway enhances allodynia in the carrageenan model, but it also relieves several other pain states, including in the formalin model. While lesioning suppresses the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) of the spinal cord in the formalin model, its role in the carrageenan model has not been reported. METHODS Following intraplantar injections of carrageenan, the spinal 5-HT7R expression was examined using Western blotting in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of serotonergic pathway lesioning with intrathecal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) on the expression of the phospho-ERK was measured. RESULTS The expression of the 5-HT7R in the carrageenan model was not significantly different from that of naive animals. The expression of the spinal p-ERK in the carrageenan model was significantly increased, but returned to the level of a naive rat 1 hour after the carrageenan injection. However, it remained significantly higher 1 hour after the injection in the animals treated with 5,7-DHT than in the naive and control rats. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the spinal 5-HT7R is not altered by peripheral inflammation with carrageenan, suggesting that the lack of antinociceptive effect of the 5-HT7R activation is partly attributable to the absence of changes in the expression of the 5-HT7R in the spinal cord. The extended increase of the spinal p-ERK might be related to the enhanced pain behavior in the animals with lesions of the spinal serotonergic pathway in the carrageenan model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyoung Gon Ki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joung Min Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Myung Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ha Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Brüning CA, Gai BM, Soares SM, Martini F, Nogueira CW. Serotonergic systems are implicated in antinociceptive effect of m -trifluoromethyl diphenyl diselenide in the mouse glutamate test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 125:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vijayakaran K, Kesavan M, Kannan K, Sankar P, Tandan SK, Sarkar SN. Arsenic decreases antinociceptive activity of paracetamol: possible involvement of serotonergic and endocannabinoid receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:397-405. [PMID: 25128769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether repeated arsenic exposure can decrease paracetamol-mediated antinociception by modulating serotonergic and endocannabinoid pathways. Rats were preexposed to elemental arsenic (4ppm) as sodium arsenite through drinking water for 28 days. Next day paracetamol's (400mg/kg, oral) antinociceptive activity was assessed through formalin-induced nociception. Serotonin content and gene expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and CB1 receptors were evaluated in brainstem and frontal cortex. Arsenic decreased paracetamol-mediated analgesia. Paracetamol, but not arsenic, increased serotonin content in these regions. Arsenic attenuated paracetamol-mediated increase in serotonin level. Paracetamol did not alter 5-HT1A expression, but caused down-regulation of 5-HT2A and up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Arsenic down-regulated these receptors. However, paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A was more pronounced. Arsenic did not modify paracetamol's effect on 5-HT1A expression, but reduced paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A and reversed up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Results suggest arsenic reduced paracetamol-induced analgesia possibly by interfering with pronociceptive 5-HT2A and antinociceptive CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakaran Vijayakaran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Kannan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanisamy Sankar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souvendra Nath Sarkar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yang J, Bae H, Ki H, Oh J, Kim W, Lee H, Yoon M, Choi J. Different role of spinal 5-HT(hydroxytryptamine)7 receptors and descending serotonergic modulation in inflammatory pain induced in formalin and carrageenan rat models. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:138-47. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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González-Hernández A, Martínez-Lorenzana G, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Rojas-Piloni G, Condés-Lara M. Intracisternal injection of palmitoylethanolamide inhibits the peripheral nociceptive evoked responses of dorsal horn wide dynamic range neurons. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:369-74. [PMID: 24919882 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has a key role in pain modulation. Central or peripheral PEA can reduce nociceptive behavior, but no study has yet reported a descending inhibitory effect on the neuronal nociceptive activity of Aδ- and C-fibers. This study shows that intracisternal PEA inhibits the peripheral nociceptive responses of dorsal horn wide dynamic range cells (i.e., inhibition of Aδ- and C-fibers), an effect blocked by spinal methiothepin. These results suggest that a descending analgesic mechanism mediated by the serotonergic system could be activated by central PEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimael González-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
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Functional expression of 5-HT7 receptor on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in mice. Brain Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Peripheral and spinal activation of cannabinoid receptors by joint mobilization alleviates postoperative pain in mice. Neuroscience 2013; 255:110-21. [PMID: 24120553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the relative contribution of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) subtypes and to analyze cannabimimetic mechanisms involved in the inhibition of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol degradation on the antihyperalgesic effect of ankle joint mobilization (AJM). Mice (25-35g) were subjected to plantar incision (PI) and 24h after surgery animals received the following treatments, AJM for 9min, AEA (10mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), WIN 55,212-2 (1.5mg/kg, i.p.), URB937 (0.01-1mg/kg, i.p.; a fatty acid amide hydrolase [FAAH] inhibitor) or JZL184 (0.016-16mg/kg, i.p.; a monoacylglycerol lipase [MAGL] inhibitor). Withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli was assessed 24h after PI and at different time intervals after treatments. Receptor specificity was investigated using selective CB1R (AM281) and CB2R (AM630) antagonists. In addition, the effect of the FAAH and MAGL inhibitors on the antihyperalgesic action of AJM was investigated. AJM, AEA, WIN 55,212-2, URB937 and JZL184 decreased mechanical hyperalgesia induced by PI. The antihyperalgesic effect of AJM was reversed by pretreatment with AM281 given by intraperitoneal and intrathecal routes, but not intraplantarly. Additionally, intraperitoneal and intraplantar, but not intrathecal administration of AM630 blocked AJM-induced antihyperalgesia. Interestingly, in mice pretreated with FAAH or the MAGL inhibitor the antihyperalgesic effect of AJM was significantly longer. This article presents data addressing the CBR mechanisms underlying the antihyperalgesic activity of joint mobilization as well as of the endocannabinoid catabolic enzyme inhibitors in the mouse postoperative pain model. Joint mobilization and these enzymes offer potential targets to treat postoperative pain.
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Ikeda H, Ikegami M, Kai M, Ohsawa M, Kamei J. Activation of spinal cannabinoid CB2 receptors inhibits neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Neuroscience 2013; 250:446-54. [PMID: 23892011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of spinal cannabinoid systems in neuropathic pain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice was studied. In normal mice, injection of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-55,212-2 (1 and 3μg, i.t.) dose-dependently prolonged the tail-flick latency, whereas there were no changes with the injection of either cannabinoid CB1 (AM 251, 1 μg, i.t.) or CB2 (AM 630, 4 μg, i.t.) receptor antagonists. AM 251 (1 μg, i.t.), but not AM 630 (4 μg, i.t.), significantly inhibited the prolongation of the tail-flick latency induced by WIN-55,212-2 (3 μg, i.t.). In STZ-induced diabetic mice, the tail-flick latency was significantly shorter than that in normal mice. A low dose of WIN-55,212-2 (1 μg, i.t.) significantly recovered the tail-flick latency in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The effect of WIN-55,212-2 (1 μg, i.t.) in STZ-induced diabetic mice was significantly inhibited by AM 630 (4 μg, i.t.), but not AM 251 (1 μg). The selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist L-759,656 (19 and 38 μg, i.t.) also dose-dependently recovered the tail-flick latency in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and this recovery was inhibited by AM 630 (4 μg, i.t.). The protein levels of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors and diacylglycerol lipase α (DGL-α), the enzyme that synthesizes endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the spinal cord were examined using Western blotting. The protein levels of both cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice, whereas the protein level of DGL-α was significantly decreased. These results indicate that spinal cannabinoid systems are changed in diabetic mice and suggest that cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists might have an ability to recover diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ikeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Elmas P, Ulugol A. Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the antinociceptive effect of dipyrone. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1533-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ulugol A. Reduction of dependence to cannabinoids by GLT-1 activating property of the beta-lactam antibiotic. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:247-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Endogenously released 5-HT inhibits A and C fiber-evoked synaptic transmission in the rat spinal cord by the facilitation of GABA/glycine and 5-HT release via 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(3) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:149-57. [PMID: 23399761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) released from descending fibers plays important roles in spinal functions such as locomotion and nociception. 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors are suggested to contribute to spinal antinociception, although their activation also contributes to neuronal excitation. In the neonatal spinal cord, DL-p-chloroamphetamine (pCA), a 5-HT releaser, inhibited both A fiber-evoked monosynaptic reflex potential (MSR) and C fiber-evoked slow ventral root potential (sVRP). The pCA-mediated inhibition was reversed by ketanserin (a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) and tropisetron (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist). Bath-applied 5-HT also inhibited MSR and sVRP; in this case, the actions of 5-HT were antagonized by ketanserin, but not by tropisetron. The pCA-evoked inhibition of sVRP was reduced by bicuculline (a GABAA receptor antagonist) and strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist). Furthermore, ketanserin inhibited the pCA-evoked release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine, while tropisetron inhibited the pCA-evoked release of 5-HT. These results suggest that 5-HT released by pCA activates 5-HT2A receptors, which in turn stimulates the release of GABA/glycine and thereby blocks the spinal nociceptive pathway. 5-HT3 receptors may be involved in the facilitation of 5-HT release via a positive feedback process.
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Burnham LJ, Dickenson AH. The antinociceptive effect of milnacipran in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis pain and its relation to changes in descending inhibition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 344:696-707. [PMID: 23297162 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder whose principal symptom is chronic pain. Current analgesics are inadequate and the mechanisms contributing to this pain are poorly understood but likely to include both local joint changes and central consequences. These studies used monoamine receptor agents combined with behavioral studies and single-unit dorsal horn recordings to examine whether descending noradrenergic and serotonergic inhibitions are altered in the monosodium iodoacetate model of OA pain, and whether increasing these inhibitions with the serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor milnacipran can attenuate the attendant hypersensitivity. Early and late in the course of this model, milnacipran (s.c.) reduced behavioral hypersensitivity, and inhibited evoked responses from sensitized dorsal horn neurons. In naïve animals and the early, but not late, phase of the model, spinal administration of the α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole fully reversed this neuronal inhibition, whereas atipamezole administered alone revealed that endogenous noradrenergic inhibition was reduced in the late phase. Blocking spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine-7 receptors with (2R)-1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine hydrochloride suggested that the effects of milnacipran in the late phase were partly mediated by these receptors, and that descending serotonergic inhibition was increased in this phase. An opioidergic mechanism behind the effects of milnacipran was indicated by a partial reversal of these effects with naloxone. These studies demonstrate antinociceptive effects for milnacipran in a model of OA pain, whose effects come via descending serotonergic and noradrenergic, as well as opioidergic, pathways. Variations in the activity of these pathways over the course of this model may contribute to the presence of behavioral hypersensitivity and determine through which endogenous systems milnacipran exerts its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Burnham
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University College London, Gower Street, Room G35, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Luszczki JJ, Florek-Łuszczki M. Synergistic interaction of pregabalin with the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 mesylate in the hot-plate test in mice: an isobolographic analysis. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:723-32. [PMID: 22814025 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the type of interaction between pregabalin (a 3(rd)-generation antiepileptic drug) and WIN 55,212-2 mesylate (WIN - a highly potent non-selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist) administered in combination at a fixed ratio of 1:1, in the acute thermal pain model (hot-plate test) in mice. METHODS Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the dose-response relationships between logarithms of drug doses and their resultant maximum possible antinociceptive effects in the mouse hot-plate test. From linear equations, doses were calculated that increased the antinociceptive effect by 30% (ED(30) values) for pregabalin, WIN, and their combination. The type of interaction between pregabalin and WIN was assessed using the isobolographic analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that both compounds produced a definite antinociceptive effect, and the experimentally-derived ED(30) values for pregabalin and WIN, when applied alone, were 29.4 mg/kg and 10.5 mg/kg, respectively. With isobolography, the experimentally derived ED(30 mix) value for the fixed ratio combination of 1:1 was 5.7 mg/kg, and differed significantly from the theoretically calculated ED(30 add) value of 19.95 mg/kg (p < 0.01), indicating synergistic interaction between pregabalin and WIN in the hot-plate test in mice. CONCLUSIONS Isobolographic analysis demonstrated that the combination of WIN with pregabalin at a fixed ratio of 1:1 exerted synergistic interaction in the mouse model of acute thermal pain. If the results from this study could be adapted to clinical settings, the combination of WIN with pregabalin might be beneficial for pain relief in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarogniew J Luszczki
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, PL 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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N-(4-Methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)hexadecanamide, a palmitoylethanolamide analogue, reduces formalin-induced nociception. Life Sci 2012; 91:1288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xie DJ, Uta D, Feng PY, Wakita M, Shin MC, Furue H, Yoshimura M. Identification of 5-HT receptor subtypes enhancing inhibitory transmission in the rat spinal dorsal horn in vitro. Mol Pain 2012; 8:58. [PMID: 22906126 PMCID: PMC3495670 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is one of the major neurotransmitters widely distributed in the CNS. Several 5-HT receptor subtypes have been identified in the spinal dorsal horn which act on both pre- and postsynaptic sites of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, the receptor subtypes and sites of actions as well as underlying mechanism are not clarified rigorously. Several electrophysiological studies have been performed to investigate the effects of 5-HT on excitatory transmission in substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord. In the present study, to understand the effects of 5-HT on the inhibitory synaptic transmission and to identify receptor subtypes, the blind whole cell recordings were performed from SG neurons of rat spinal cord slices. Results Bath applied 5-HT (50 μM) increased the frequency but not amplitudes of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in 58% of neurons, and both amplitude and frequency in 23% of neurons. The frequencies of GABAergic and glycinergic mIPSCs were both enhanced. TTX (0.5 μM) had no effect on the increasing frequency, while the enhancement of amplitude of IPSCs was eliminated. Evoked-IPSCs (eIPSCs) induced by focal stimulation near the recording neurons in the presence of CNQX and APV were enhanced in amplitude by 5-HT. In the presence of Ba2+ (1 mM), a potassium channel blocker, 5-HT had no effect on both frequency and amplitude. A 5-HT2A receptor agonist, TCB-2 mimicked the 5-HT effect, and ketanserin, an antagonist of 5-HT2A receptor, inhibited the effect of 5-HT partially and TCB-2 almost completely. A 5-HT2C receptor agonist WAY 161503 mimicked the 5-HT effect and this effect was blocked by a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, N-desmethylclozapine. The amplitudes of sIPSCs were unaffected by 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C agonists. A 5-HT3 receptor agonist mCPBG enhanced both amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs. This effect was blocked by a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS-205,930. The perfusion of 5-HT2B receptor agonist had no effect on sIPSCs. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that 5-HT modulated the inhibitory transmission in SG by the activation of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors subtypes located predominantly at inhibitory interneuron terminals, and 5-HT3 receptors located at inhibitory interneuron terminals and soma-dendrites, consequently enhanced both frequency and amplitude of IPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Jie Xie
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
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Dogrul A, Seyrek M, Yalcin B, Ulugol A. Involvement of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways in CB1 receptor-mediated antinociception. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:97-105. [PMID: 22300745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids produce antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects mainly through activation of the inhibitory CB1 receptors. The demonstration that antinociceptive effects of systemic cannabinoids are significantly diminished following surgical dorsolateral funiculus lesion provides evidence that supraspinal sites and descending pain modulatory pathways play crucial roles in systemic cannabinoid analgesia. In this review, we will firstly provide a background, brief overview of descending modulatory pathways followed by descending pathways implicated in cannabinoid analgesia. We will then describe the recent evidence of the involvement of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways in CB1 receptor-mediated antinociception. This review will provide evidences that systemically administered cannabinoids reinforce the descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways to produce acute antinociceptive effects via spinal 5-HT7, 5-HT2A and alpha-2 adrenoceptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Dogrul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Brenchat A, Zamanillo D, Hamon M, Romero L, Vela JM. Role of peripheral versus spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in the modulation of pain undersensitizing conditions. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:72-81. [PMID: 21843960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that 5-HT(7) receptors are involved in nociceptive processing but the exact contribution of peripheral versus central 5-HT(7) receptors still needs to be elucidated. In the present study, the respective roles of peripheral and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in the modulation of mechanical hypersensitivity were investigated under two different experimental pain conditions. In a first set of experiments, the selective 5-HT(7) receptor agonist, E-57431, was systemically, intrathecally or peripherally (intraplantarly) administered to rats sensitized by intraplantar injection of capsaicin. Oral administration of E-57431 (1.25-10 mg/kg) was found to exert a clear-cut dose-dependent reduction of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Interestingly, intrathecal administration of E-57431 (100 μg) also inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity secondary to capsaicin injection. In contrast, a dose-dependent enhancement of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was observed after local intraplantar injection of E-57431 (0.01-1 μg). In a second set of experiments, E-57431 was systemically or intrathecally administered to rats submitted to neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury model). Significant inhibition of nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was found after intraperitoneal (10 mg/kg) as well as intrathecal (100 μg) administration of E-57431 in this chronic pain model. These studies provide evidence that, under sensitizing neurogenic/neuropathic conditions, activation of 5-HT(7) receptors exerts antinociceptive effects at the level of the spinal cord and pronociceptive effects at the periphery. The antinociceptive effect mediated by central 5-HT(7) receptors seems to predominate over the pronociceptive effect at the periphery when a selective 5-HT(7) receptor agonist is systemically administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brenchat
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Av. Mare de Déu de Montserrat, 221, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
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Ulugol A, Oltulu C, Gunduz O, Citak C, Carrara R, Shaqaqi MR, Sanchez AM, Dogrul A. 5-HT7 receptor activation attenuates thermal hyperalgesia in streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 102:344-8. [PMID: 22609798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of 5-HT7 receptors in the nociceptive processing received most attention during the last few years. The involvement of 5-HT₇ receptors in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain states have been reported only recently; however, there are no reports on its contribution in diabetic neuropathic pain. We therefore planned to investigate the effect of 5-HT₇ receptor activation on the changes of nociceptive threshold in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (150 mg/kg, i.p.). The nociceptive responses in normal and diabetic animals were tested in the hot-plate and tail-flick assays. Both hot-plate and tail-flick latencies significantly shortened at 1-3/4 weeks (thermal hyperalgesia) and prolonged at 6-7 weeks (thermal hypoalgesia) after streptozocin administration. At the dose of 10 mg/kg, systemic injections of AS-19, a selective 5-HT₇ receptor agonist, reduced thermal hyperalgesia at early stage of diabetes, but did not influence thermal hypoalgesia at late stage. Co-administration of SB-258719, a selective 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist, at a dose that had no effect on its own (10 mg/kg), reversed the anti-hyperalgesic effect of AS-19. Our results indicate that systemic administration of 5-HT₇ receptor agonists may have clinical utility in treating diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ulugol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030-Edirne, Turkey.
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Cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 prevents the development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Possible involvement of spinal glial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:62-72. [PMID: 22374260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal glial activation contributes to the development and maintenance of chronic pain states, including neuropathic pain of diverse etiologies. Cannabinoid compounds have shown antinociceptive properties in a variety of neuropathic pain models and are emerging as a promising class of drugs to treat neuropathic pain. Thus, the effects of repeated treatment with WIN 55,212-2, a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, were examined throughout the development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Painful neuropathy was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of paclitaxel (1mg/kg) on four alternate days. Paclitaxel-treated animals received WIN 55,212-2 (1mg/kg, i.p.) or minocycline (15 mg/kg, i.p.), a microglial inhibitor, daily for 14 days, simultaneous with the antineoplastic. The development of hypersensitive behaviors was assessed on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 following the initial administration of drugs. Both the activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) at day 29 and the time course of proinflammatory cytokine release within the spinal cord were also determined. Similar to minocycline, repeated administration of WIN 55,212-2 prevented the development of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-treated rats. WIN 55,212-2 treatment also prevented spinal microglial and astrocytic activation evoked by paclitaxel at day 29 and attenuated the early production of spinal proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α). Our results confirm changes in the reactivity of glial cells during the development of peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel and support a preventive effect of WIN 55,212-2, probably via glial cells reactivity inactivation, on the development of this neuropathy.
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Dogrul A, Seyrek M, Akgul EO, Cayci T, Kahraman S, Bolay H. Systemic paracetamol-induced analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects through activation of descending serotonergic pathways involving spinal 5-HT₇ receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:93-101. [PMID: 22206817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies have shown the essential role of descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), or 5-HT(3) receptors in the antinociceptive effects of paracetamol, other studies have presented conflicting results, and the particular subtype of spinal 5-HT receptors involved in paracetamol-induced analgesia remains to be clarified. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in descending serotonergic pain inhibitory pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors compared with 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol. Tail-flick, hot plate and plantar incision tests were used to determine nociception in male BALB/c mice. Lesion of serotonergic bulbospinal pathways was performed by intrathecal (i.th.) injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), and spinal 5-HT levels were measured by HPLC. To evaluate the particular subtypes of the spinal 5-HT receptors, the selective 5-HT(7), 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists SB 269970, ondansetron and ketanserin, respectively, were given i.th. after oral administration of paracetamol. Oral paracetamol (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) elicits dose-dependent antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects. I.th. pretreatment with 5,7-DHT (50 μg) sharply reduced 5-HT levels in the spinal cord. Depletion of spinal 5-HT totally abolished the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol. I.th. injection of SB 2669970 (10 μg) blocked the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of paracetamol, but ondansetron and ketanserin (10 μg) did not. Our findings suggest that systemic administration of paracetamol may activate descending serotonergic pathways and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors to produce a central antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Dogrul
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Academy of Medicine, 06010, Ankara, Turkey.
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CB1 receptors mediate rimonabant-induced pruritic responses in mice: investigation of locus of action. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 216:323-31. [PMID: 21340468 PMCID: PMC3606913 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabinoids have recently been identified as potential neuronal modulators of pruritic response, representing a potential target in the treatment of itch associated with a variety of pathophysiologic conditions. While the selective CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant is an established pruritic agent in both animal and clinical testing, its receptor mechanism of action and anatomical loci remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether CB(1) receptor blockade is critical to rimonabant-induced scratching and to identify differences in scratching response based on different routes of administration. Furthermore, experiments were designed to elucidate any evidence as to whether rimonabant elicits scratching behavior through common immunologic hypersensitivity mechanisms. RESULTS Rimonabant was equally effective at producing scratching via intraperitoneal and local subcutaneous injection. This compound also produced an intense scratching response when administered intrathecally, but had no effects after intracerebroventricular administration. Repeated administration of rimonabant led to a decreased magnitude of scratching. While rimonabant-induced scratching was not attenuated either by pretreatment with the H(1) receptor antagonist loratadine or in mast cell-deficient mice, it lacked efficacy in CB(1) (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Rimonabant is a potent and fully effective pruritogen when administered spinally or systemically and requires CB(1) receptors to induce scratching, suggesting an important spinal CB(1) receptor component of action. The lack of responsiveness to H(1) antagonism or mast cell deficiency supports previous findings that cannabinoids modulate itch through neuronal mechanisms, and not by traditional hypersensitivity activation.
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Abstract
Nutrition must affect the structure and functioning of the brain. Since the brain has very high metabolic activity, what we consume throughout the day is likely to dramatically influence both its structure and moment to moment function. It follows that nutritional approaches to all neurological disorders are being researched and entering medical practice, while nutraceutical use is a mainstay of public habits. This review discusses the biological basis for non-conventional or non-mainstream approaches to the treatment of migraine. This requires at least limited discussion of current migraine pathophysiologic theory. How nutrients and other chemicals and approaches are mechanistically involved within migraine pathways is the focus of this article. The nutraceuticals reviewed in detail are: magnesium, riboflavin, coenzyme Q10, petasites, and feverfew with additional comments on marijuana and oxygen/hyperbaric oxygen. This article reviews the science when known related to the potential genetic susceptibility and sensitivity to these treatments. As we know, the basic science in this field is very preliminary, so whether to combine approaches and presumably mechanisms or use them alone or with or without conventional therapies is far from clear. Nonetheless, as more patients and providers participate in patient-centered approaches to care, knowledge of the science underpinning nutritional, nutraceutical, and complementary approaches to treatment for migraine will certainly benefit this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Taylor
- From the Park Nicollet Headache Center, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Godínez-Chaparro B, Barragán-Iglesias P, Castañeda-Corral G, Rocha-González HI, Granados-Soto V. Role of peripheral 5-HT(4), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors in development and maintenance of secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Pain 2011; 152:687-697. [PMID: 21239110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(4), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors in formalin-induced secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats was assessed. Formalin produced acute nociceptive behaviors (flinching and licking/lifting) followed by long-term secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Pretreatment (-10min) with cromoglycate (195-1950nmol/paw) partially inhibited acute nociceptive behaviors and completely prevented secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia on day 6 after injection. Ipsilateral peripheral pretreatment with the selective 5-HT(4) (ML-10302, 1-100nmol/paw), 5-HT(6) (EMD-386088, 0.001-0.01nmol/paw), and 5-HT(7) (LP-12, 0.01-100nmol/paw) receptor agonists significantly increased secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. In contrast, ipsilateral peripheral pretreatment with the selective 5-HT(4) (GR-125487, 1-100nmol/paw), 5-HT(6) (SB-258585, 0.00001-0.001nmol/paw), and 5-HT(7) (SB-269970, 0.1-10nmol/paw) receptor antagonists significantly prevented formalin-induced secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. The pronociceptive effect of ML-10302 (100nmol/paw), EMD-386088 (0.01nmol/paw), and LP-12 (100nmol/paw) were completely prevented by GR-125487 (5-HT(4) antagonist, 1nmol/paw), SB-258585 (5-HT(6) antagonist, 0.00001nmol/paw), and SB-269970 (5-HT(7), antagonist, 0.01nmol/paw), respectively. Ipsilateral peripheral posttreatment with cromoglycate or GR-125487 (1-100nmol/paw), SB-258585 (0.001-0.1nmol/paw), and SB-269970 (0.1-10nmol/paw) reversed formalin-induced secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in both paws. Results suggest that a barrage of afferent input induced by 5-HT at peripheral 5-HT(4), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors participate in the development and maintenance of formalin-induced long-term secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia in the rat. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released in peripheral tissues after formalin injection sensitized primary afferent neurons via 5-HT(4), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors, leading to development and maintenance of secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Godínez-Chaparro
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Sede Sur, México DF, Mexico
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