1
|
Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Gestational Exercise Antagonises the Impact of Maternal High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet on Liver Mitochondrial Alterations and Quality Control Signalling in Male Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1388. [PMID: 36674144 PMCID: PMC9858977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-caloric nutrition and related gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are relevant modulators of the intrauterine environment, increasing the risk of liver metabolic alterations in mothers and offspring. In contrast, as a non-pharmacological approach against metabolic disorders, exercise is highly recommended in GDM treatment. We analysed whether gestational exercise (GE) protects mothers from diet-induced GDM metabolic consequences and mitigates liver mitochondrial deleterious alterations in their 6-week-old male offspring. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed with control or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and kept sedentary or submitted to GE. Male offspring were sedentary and fed with control diet. Sedentary HFHS mothers and their offspring showed impaired hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological evidence of mitochondrial remodelling. In contrast, GE-related beneficial effects were demonstrated by upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis signalling markers and mitochondrial fusion proteins and downregulation of mitochondrial fission protein. Alterations in miR-34a, miR-130b, and miR-494, associated with epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, suggested that GE is a more critical modulator of intergenerational changes in miRs expression than the maternal diet. Our data showed that GE positively modulated the altered hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics markers and quality control signalling associated with maternal HFHS-diet-related GDM in mothers and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Rocha H, Gaspar TB, Gärtner F, Correia R, Fernandes R, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Exercise performed during pregnancy positively modulates liver metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis of female offspring in a rat model of diet-induced gestational diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166526. [PMID: 35995315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a high-risk for metabolic complications in offspring. However, exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy against metabolic disorders and is recommended in GDM treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether gestational exercise (GE) could modulate maternal high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-related hepatic metabolic and mitochondrial outcomes in female offspring of mothers with HFHS-induced GDM. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with control or HFHS diet and kept sedentary or submitted to GE. Their female offspring were fed with control diet and kept sedentary. Hepatic lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism regulators, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics markers, and microRNAs associated to the regulation of these markers were evaluated. Female offspring of GDM mothers showed increased body weight at early age, whereas GE prevented this effect of maternal HFHS-feeding and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. GE stimulated hepatic mRNA transcription and protein expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A) and mRNA transcription of mitochondrial dynamics markers (mitofusin-1, mitofusin-2, and dynamin-related protein-1) that were altered by maternal GDM, while mitochondrial dynamics markers protein expression was not affected by maternal diet/GE except for optic atrophy-1. MicroRNAs associated with these processes (miR-122, miR-34a, miR-130b, miR-494), and the expression of auto/mitophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins were not substantially influenced by altered intrauterine environment. Our findings suggest that GE is an important regulator of the intrauterine environment positively affecting liver metabolism and promoting liver mitochondrial biogenesis in female offspring despite eventual effects of maternal HFHS-feeding and related GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Glycobiology in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rossana Correia
- HEMS - Histology and Electron Microscopy Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- HEMS - Histology and Electron Microscopy Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Institute for molecular and Cell biology of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai Y, Kou H, Gui S, Guo X, Liu H, Gong Z, Sun X, Wang H, Guo Y. Prenatal dexamethasone exposure induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance of male offspring rats: Role of the epigenetic repression of ACE2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154095. [PMID: 35219660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes in children and adolescents has been rising gradually, which is relevant to adverse environment during development, especially prepartum. We aimed to explore the effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis in juvenile offspring rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were subcutaneously administered with dexamethasone [0.1, 0.2, 0.4mg/(kg.d)] from gestational day 9 to 20. PDE impaired glucose tolerance in the male offspring rather than the females. In male offspring, PDE impaired the development and function of β-cells, accompanied with lower H3K9ac, H3K14ac and H3K27ac levels in the promoter region of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as well as suppressed ACE2 expression. Meanwhile, PDE increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in fetal pancreas. Dexamethasone also inhibited ACE2 expression and insulin production in vitro. Recombinant expression of ACE2 restored insulin production inhibited by dexamethasone. In addition, dexamethasone activated GR and HDAC3, increased protein interaction of GR with HDAC3, and promoted the binding of GR-HDAC3 complex to ACE2 promoter region. Both RU486 and TSA abolished dexamethasone-induced decline of histone acetylation and ACE2 expression. In summary, suppression of ACE2 is involved in PDE induced β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in juvenile male offspring rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heze Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin W, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Lin Z. Advances in Biological Functions and Clinical Studies of FGF21. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3281-3290. [PMID: 34295169 PMCID: PMC8291585 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s317096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates many crucial biological processes in human and mammals, particularly metabolic modulation and protective effect after injury. Therefore, determining complex regulatory mechanisms and elucidating the signaling pathway may greatly promote the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related injury and metabolic diseases. This review focused on the metabolic modulation and protective effect of FGF21 and summarized the molecular mechanisms and clinical research developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zheng
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenlang Lin Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel long-acting hypoglycemic drug for canine diabetes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:1031-1043. [PMID: 33219471 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, insulin is commonly used in the clinical management of canine diabetes. However, it must be injected preprandially causing much inconvenience to the owners. Therefore, the development of long-acting hypoglycemic agents has attracted much attention in the scientific community. This study aimed to investigate the long-acting hypoglycemic effect of canine fibroblast growth factor 21 (cFGF-21) in diabetic dogs. Diabetic dogs were administered with cFGF-21, polyethylene glycol-modified cFGF-21 (PEG-cFGF-21), or insulin once a day, once every 2, 3, or 4 days subcutaneously. The results showed that cFGF-21 and PEG-cFGF-21 maintained blood glucose comparable to normal levels for 2 and 3 days respectively while insulin maintained the blood glucose for only 2 h after a single injection. After treatment with cFGF-21, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was significantly improved with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) close to the normal levels. In addition, cFGF-21 significantly repaired islet β cells, increased insulin content, and protected the pancreas from streptozotocin-induced injury. Furthermore, cFGF-21 exhibited both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the pancreas. We conclude, therefore, that cFGF-21 and PEG-cFGF-21 can maintain blood glucose comparable to normal levels for 2 and 3 days respectively after a single dose. The long-acting efficacy of cFGF-21 can be attributed to improvement in oxidative stress and the reduction of inflammation in the pancreas.
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Sáinz N, Laiglesia LM, Escoté X, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Maresin 1 Regulates Hepatic FGF21 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and in Cultured Hepatocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900358. [PMID: 31576649 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To study the effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1), a docosahexaenoic-acid-derived lipid mediator, on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and to characterize the tissue-specific regulation of Fgf21 and its signaling pathway in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT). METHODS AND RESULTS Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice are treated with MaR1 (50 µg kg-1 , 10 days, oral gavage) and serum FGF21 levels and liver, muscle and WAT Fgf21, β-Klotho, Fgfr1, Egr1, and cFos mRNA expression are evaluated. Additionally, MaR1 effects are tested in mouse primary hepatocytes, HepG2 human hepatocytes, C2C12 myotubes, and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In DIO mice, MaR1 decreases circulating FGF21 levels and HFD-induced hepatic Fgf21 mRNA expression. MaR1 increases hepatic β-Klotho, Egr1, and cFos in DIO mice. In WAT, MaR1 counteracts the HFD-induced downregulation of Fgf21, Fgfr1, and β-Klotho. In muscle, MaR1 does not modify Fgf21 but promoted Fgfr1 expression. In mouse primary hepatocytes, MaR1 decreases Fgf21 expression and downregulated Pparα mRNA levels. In HepG2 cells, MaR1 reverses the increased production of FGF21 and the downregulation of FGFR1, Β-KLOTHO, EGR1, and cFOS induced by palmitate. Preincubation with a PPARα antagonist prevents MaR1 effects on FGF21 secretion. CONCLUSION The ability of MaR1 to modulate FGF21 can contribute to its beneficial metabolic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez-Fernández
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Sáinz
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L M Laiglesia
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - X Escoté
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lewis JE, Ebling FJP, Samms RJ, Tsintzas K. Going Back to the Biology of FGF21: New Insights. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:491-504. [PMID: 31248786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a protein highly synthesized in the liver that exerts paracrine and endocrine control of many aspects of energy homeostasis in multiple tissues. In preclinical models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, treatment with FGF21 improves glucose homeostasis and promotes weight loss, and, as a result, FGF21 has attracted considerable attention as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in humans. An improved understanding of the biological role of FGF21 may help to explain why its therapeutic potential in humans has not been fully realized. This review will cover the complexities in FGF21 biology in rodents and humans, with emphasis on its role in protection from central and peripheral facets of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Lewis
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Francis J P Ebling
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li S, Wang N, Guo X, Li J, Zhang T, Ren G, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates glucose metabolism in part by reducing renal glucose reabsorption. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:355-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
El Sagheer GM, Ahmad AK, Abd-ElFattah AS, Saad ZM, Hamdi L. A study of the circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 as a novel noninvasive biomarker of hepatic injury in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C: Egyptian patients and their response to direct-acting antiviral agents. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018; 11:415-422. [PMID: 30425548 PMCID: PMC6204854 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s173484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 was reported to be induced by different injurious agents, including chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus, affecting the liver. The aims of this study were to evaluate the FGF21 levels in CHC patients before and after the treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in comparison to that in control subjects and to correlate these levels with insulin resistance (IR), lipid profile, and fibrosis stages. Patients and methods We studied 75 naive CHC patients and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Patients were divided into five groups based on the severity of fibrosis as detected by Fibroscan as follows: F0, n=2; F1, n=13; F2, n=23; F3, n=16; F4, n=21. We estimated the FGF21 levels at the start of the study for all the participants and for the patients only at the end of treatment with simisipivir (SIM) and sofosbuvir (SOF). These levels were compared between the patients and the control subjects and also for the patients before and after the treatment with DAAs. The FGF21 levels were correlated to IR, lipid profile, and stages of liver fibrosis. Results The FGF21, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, and homeostasis model of IR (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in CHC patients compared to control (5.04±0.75 vs 4.7±0.52, 20.15±5.13 vs 13.15±4.2, 4.49±1.28 vs 2.72±0.87, and 123.7±52.6 vs 21.8±8.8; P≤0.01, P≤0.001, P≤0.001, and P≤0.001, respectively). The posttreatment FGF21 levels were significantly reduced when compared to the pretreatment levels (123.7±52.5 vs 60.5±32.7, P≤0.001). FGF21 levels showed significant negative correlation with FBS and positive correlation with serum albumin (P≤0.05 and P≤0.003, respectively). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and the stage of liver fibrosis were independent risk factors for FGF21. Conclusion Besides its metabolic modulator role, FGF21 strongly introduced itself as a novel biomarker of hepatic injury in Egyptian, genotype-4, CHC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lamia Hamdi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Links Between Obesity-Induced Brain Insulin Resistance, Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dementia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30233495 PMCID: PMC6127253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in peripheral areas, following obesity, are patently the major contributory factors to the degree of the severity of brain insulin resistance as well as the progression of cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the alterations in brain mitochondria, including both functional and morphological changes, occurred following obesity. Several studies also suggested that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of underlying mechanism contributing to brain insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Thus, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current evidence from various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that are associated with obesity, brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognition. Contradictory findings and the mechanistic insights about the roles of obesity, brain insulin resistance, and brain mitochondrial dysfunction on cognition are also presented and discussed. In addition, the potential therapies for obese-insulin resistance are reported as the therapeutic strategies which exert the neuroprotective effects in the obese-insulin resistant condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Zhao G, Wirth D, Schmitz I, Meyer-Hermann M. A mathematical model of the impact of insulin secretion dynamics on selective hepatic insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1362. [PMID: 29118381 PMCID: PMC5678123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological insulin secretion exhibits various temporal patterns, the dysregulation of which is involved in diabetes development. We analyzed the impact of first-phase and pulsatile insulin release on glucose and lipid control with various hepatic insulin signaling networks. The mathematical model suggests that atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) undergoes a bistable switch-on and switch-off, under the control of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2). The activation of IRS1 and IRS2 is temporally separated due to the inhibition of IRS1 by aPKC. The model further shows that the timing of aPKC switch-off is delayed by reduced first-phase insulin and reduced amplitude of insulin pulses. Based on these findings, we propose a sequential model of postprandial hepatic control of glucose and lipid by insulin, according to which delayed aPKC switch-off contributes to selective hepatic insulin resistance, which is a long-standing paradox in the field. Dysregulation of insulin secretion dynamics plays a role in diabetes development. Here, the authors build a mathematical model of hepatic insulin signaling and propose a sequential model of post-meal control of glucose and lipids, according to which delayed aPKC suppression would contribute to selective hepatic insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Department of Immune Control, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harris LALS, Smith GI, Patterson BW, Ramaswamy RS, Okunade AL, Kelly SC, Porter LC, Klein S, Yoshino J, Mittendorfer B. Alterations in 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate and FGF21 Metabolism Are Associated With Protein Ingestion-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2017; 66:1871-1878. [PMID: 28473464 PMCID: PMC5482083 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic hyperaminoacidemia, induced by either intravenous amino acid infusion or protein ingestion, reduces insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Studies of mice suggest that the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adiponectin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) may be involved in amino acid-mediated insulin resistance. We therefore measured in 30 women the rate of glucose disposal, and plasma 3-HIB, FGF21, adiponectin, and NEFA concentrations, under basal conditions and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure (HECP), with and without concomitant ingestion of protein (n = 15) or an amount of leucine that matched the amount of protein (n = 15). We found that during the HECP without protein or leucine ingestion, the grand mean ± SEM plasma 3-HIB concentration decreased (from 35 ± 2 to 14 ± 1 µmol/L) and the grand median [quartiles] FGF21 concentration increased (from 178 [116, 217] to 509 [340, 648] pg/mL). Ingestion of protein, but not leucine, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (P < 0.05) and prevented both the HECP-mediated decrease in 3-HIB and increase in FGF21 concentration in plasma. Neither protein nor leucine ingestion altered plasma adiponectin or NEFA concentrations. These findings suggest that 3-HIB and FGF21 might be involved in protein-mediated insulin resistance in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia-Ann L S Harris
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gordon I Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Raja S Ramaswamy
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adewole L Okunade
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shannon C Kelly
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lane C Porter
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Strowski MZ. Impact of FGF21 on glycemic control. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0001/hmbci-2017-0001.xml. [PMID: 28593912 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a role in regulating adaptation to various metabolic abnormalities. In addition, FGF21 is involved in controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis. The regulation of FGF21 is a complex process and depends upon multiple metabolic factors and hormones. Humans and animals with obesity or type 2 diabetes have abnormal expression and changes of FGF21 in the circulation. Interventional studies in rodents and monkeys with obesity, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes revealed a potential therapeutic relevance of FGF21 in correcting these abnormalities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the regulation of FGF21 by distinct metabolic and endogenous factors, considering the most relevant studies. In this context, the results of interventional studies in humans and various animal models of diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are discussed. In addition, potential mechanisms of the molecular regulation of FGF21 expression and secretion are reviewed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gómez-Sámano MÁ, Grajales-Gómez M, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Navarro-Flores MF, Martínez-Saavedra M, Juárez-León ÓA, Morales-García MG, Enríquez-Estrada VM, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Cuevas-Ramos D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its novel association with oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2017; 11:335-341. [PMID: 28039838 PMCID: PMC5200873 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine-member of the FGF family. It is synthesized mainly in the liver, but it is also expressed in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and many other organs. It has a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as in energy balance. FGF21 concentration in plasma is increased in patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Recent findings suggest that such increment protects tissue from an increased oxidative stress environment. Different types of physical stress, such as strenuous exercising, lactation, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and critical illnesses, also increase FGF21 circulating concentration. FGF21 is now considered a stress-responsive hormone in humans. The discovery of an essential response element in the FGF21 gene, for the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, and its relation with genes such as NRF2, TBP-2, UCP3, SOD2, ERK, and p38, places FGF21 as a key regulator of the oxidative stress cell response. Its role in chronic diseases and its involvement in the treatment and follow-up of these diseases has been recently the target of new studies. The diminished oxidative stress through FGF21 pathways observed with anti-diabetic therapy is another clue of the new insights of this hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Gómez-Sámano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Grajales-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Julia María Zuarth-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ma Fernanda Navarro-Flores
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mayela Martínez-Saavedra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Óscar Alfredo Juárez-León
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mariana G Morales-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Manuel Enríquez-Estrada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Kerdphoo S, Satjaritanun P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. FGF21 improves cognition by restored synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis in obese-insulin resistant male rats. Horm Behav 2016; 85:86-95. [PMID: 27566237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone which exerts beneficial effects on metabolic regulation in obese and diabetic models. However, the effect of FGF21 on cognition in obese-insulin resistant rats has not been investigated. We hypothesized that FGF21 prevented cognitive decline in obese-insulin resistant rats by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function and brain FGF21 signaling as well as decreasing brain cell apoptosis. Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and received either a normal diet (ND) (n=6) or a high fat diet (HFD) (n=12) for 12weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into two subgroups (n=6/subgroup) to receive either vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (0.1mg/kg/day) for four weeks. ND-fed rats were given vehicle for four weeks. At the end of the treatment, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, brain mitochondrial function, cell apoptosis, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density and brain FGF21 signaling were determined. The results showed that vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance and cognitive decline with impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity, decreased dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and increased brain cell apoptosis. Impaired brain FGF 21 signaling was found in these obese-insulin resistant rats. FGF21-treated obese-insulin resistant rats had improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, increased hippocampal synaptic plasticity, increased dendritic spine density, restored brain mitochondrial function, attenuated brain cells apoptosis and increased brain FGF21 signaling, leading to a prevention of cognitive decline. These findings suggest that FGF21 treatment exerts neuroprotection in obese-insulin resistant rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Satjaritanun
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chalvon-Demersay T, Even PC, Tomé D, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Gaudichon C, Azzout-Marniche D. Low-protein diet induces, whereas high-protein diet reduces hepatic FGF21 production in mice, but glucose and not amino acids up-regulate FGF21 in cultured hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 36:60-67. [PMID: 27574977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a polypeptide secreted by the liver and involved in several metabolic processes such as thermogenesis and lipid oxidation. The nutritional mechanisms controlling FGF21 production are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how dietary carbohydrates and proteins impact FGF21 production and how in turn, FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptation to changes in the carbohydrate and protein contents of the diet. For that purpose, we fed 25 male C57BL/6 mice diets composed of different protein and carbohydrate contents (normal-protein and carbohydrate diet (N=9, NPNC), low-protein high-carbohydrate diet (N=8, LPHC), high-protein low-carbohydrate diet (N=8, HPLC) for 3 weeks. We measured liver Fgf21 gene expression, synthesis and secretion as well as different parameters related to energy and glucose metabolism. We also investigated the direct role of amino acids and glucose in the control of Fgf21 gene expression in hepatocyte primary cultures (n=6). In vivo, FGF21 responds acutely to LPHC intake whereas under an HPLC diet, plasma FGF21 circulating levels are low in the fasted and refed states. In hepatocytes, Fgf21 expression was controlled by glucose but not amino acids. Both diets increased the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and ketogenesis was increased in fasted HPLC mice. The results presented suggest that dietary glucose, rather than amino acids, directly controls FGF21 secretion, and that FGF21 may be involved in the increased TEF response to LPHC. The effects of the HPLC diet on ketogenesis and TEF are probably controlled by other metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Chalvon-Demersay
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
So WY, Leung PS. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 As an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:672-704. [PMID: 27031294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a distinctive member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine factor. It is expressed predominantly in the liver, but is also found in adipose tissue and the pancreas. Pharmacological studies have shown that FGF21 normalizes glucose and lipid homeostasis, thereby preventing the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. Despite growing evidence for the therapeutic potential of FGF21, paradoxical increases of FGF21 in different disease conditions point to the existence of FGF21 resistance. In this review, we give a critical appraisal of recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of FGF21 production under various physiological conditions, its antidiabetic actions, and the clinical implications. We also discuss recent preclinical and clinical trials using engineered FGF21 analogs in the management of diabetes, as well as the potential side effects of FGF21 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mao S, Ren X, Zhang J. The emerging role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in diabetic nephropathy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 36:586-592. [PMID: 26915669 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1147582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an important cause of end-stage renal diseases, brings about great social and economic burden. Due to the variable pathological changes and clinical course, the prognosis of DN is very difficult to predict. DN is also usually associated with enhanced genomic damage and cellular injury. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a nutritionally regulated hormone secreted mainly by the liver, plays a critical role in metabolism. Administration of FGF21 decreases blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and improves insulin sensitivity, which is closely associated with the development and progression of glomerular diseases. In addition, FGF21 level was associated with renal function. However, the precise role of FGF21 in DN remains unclear. This review will give a comprehensive understanding of the underlying role of FGF21 and its possible interaction with other molecules in DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- a Department of Pediatrics , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China and
| | - Xianguo Ren
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nanjing Jinling Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- a Department of Pediatrics , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stemmer K, Zani F, Habegger KM, Neff C, Kotzbeck P, Bauer M, Yalamanchilli S, Azad A, Lehti M, Martins PJF, Müller TD, Pfluger PT, Seeley RJ. FGF21 is not required for glucose homeostasis, ketosis or tumour suppression associated with ketogenic diets in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2414-23. [PMID: 26099854 PMCID: PMC5144740 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Ketogenic diets (KDs) have increasingly gained attention as effective means for weight loss and potential adjunctive treatment of cancer. The metabolic benefits of KDs are regularly ascribed to enhanced hepatic secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and its systemic effects on fatty-acid oxidation, energy expenditure (EE) and body weight. Ambiguous data from Fgf21-knockout animal strains and low FGF21 concentrations reported in humans with ketosis have nevertheless cast doubt regarding the endogenous function of FGF21. We here aimed to elucidate the causal role of FGF21 in mediating the therapeutic benefits of KDs on metabolism and cancer. METHODS We established a dietary model of increased vs decreased FGF21 by feeding C57BL/6J mice with KDs, either depleted of protein or enriched with protein. We furthermore used wild-type and Fgf21-knockout mice that were subjected to the respective diets, and monitored energy and glucose homeostasis as well as tumour growth after transplantation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. RESULTS Hepatic and circulating, but not adipose tissue, FGF21 levels were profoundly increased by protein starvation, independent of the state of ketosis. We demonstrate that endogenous FGF21 is not essential for the maintenance of normoglycaemia upon protein and carbohydrate starvation and is therefore not needed for the effects of KDs on EE. Furthermore, the tumour-suppressing effects of KDs were independent of FGF21 and, rather, driven by concomitant protein and carbohydrate starvation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data indicate that the multiple systemic effects of KD exposure in mice, previously ascribed to increased FGF21 secretion, are rather a consequence of protein malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Stemmer
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Zani
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christina Neff
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Bauer
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Suma Yalamanchilli
- Division of Metabolism and Cancer, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Azad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maarit Lehti
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paulo J F Martins
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Camporez JPG, Asrih M, Zhang D, Kahn M, Samuel VT, Jurczak MJ, Jornayvaz FR. Hepatic insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production in mice lacking Fgf21. J Endocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26203166 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important regulator of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and represents a potential pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Mice fed a ketogenic diet (KD) develop hepatic insulin resistance in association with high levels of FGF21, suggesting a state of FGF21 resistance. To address the role of FGF21 in hepatic insulin resistance, we assessed insulin action in FGF21 whole-body knock-out (FGF21 KO) male mice and their littermate WT controls fed a KD. Here, we report that FGF21 KO mice have hepatic insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production associated with an increase in plasma glucagon levels. FGF21 KO mice are also hypometabolic and display increased fat mass compared with their WT littermates. Taken together, these findings support a major role of FGF21 in regulating energy expenditure and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and its potential role as a candidate in the treatment of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo G Camporez
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Asrih
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kahn
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland Department of Internal MedicineHoward Hughes Medical InstituteYale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USAService of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne CHUV, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim KH, Lee MS. FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive responses to stress and metabolic benefits of anti-diabetic drugs. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:R1-16. [PMID: 26116622 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most hormones secreted from specific organs of the body in response to diverse stimuli contribute to the homeostasis of the whole organism. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone induced by a variety of environmental or metabolic stimuli, plays a crucial role in the adaptive response to these stressful conditions. In addition to its role as a stress hormone, FGF21 appears to function as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of currently available drugs and those under development for treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms and the functional importance of FGF21 induction in response to diverse stress conditions such as changes of nutritional status, cold exposure, and exercise. In addition, we describe recent findings regarding the role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes associated with obesity, liver diseases, pancreatitis, muscle atrophy, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, we discuss the current understanding of the actions of FGF21 as a crucial regulator mediating beneficial metabolic effects of therapeutic agents such as metformin, glucagon/glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues, thiazolidinedione, sirtuin 1 activators, and lipoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| |
Collapse
|