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Li J, Jia S, Song Y, Xu W, Lin J. Ginkgolide B can alleviate spinal cord glymphatic system dysfunction and provide neuroprotection in painful diabetic neuropathy rats by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9. Neuropharmacology 2024; 250:109907. [PMID: 38492884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The glymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal central nervous system (CNS) function by facilitating the removal of metabolic wastes. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein, predominantly located on astrocyte end-feet, is a key pathway for metabolic waste excretion. β-Dystroglycan (β-DG) can anchor AQP4 protein to the end-feet membrane of astrocytes and can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein. Studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia upregulates MMP-9 expression in the nervous system, leading to neuropathic pain. Ginkgolide B (GB) exerts an inhibitory effect on the MMP-9 protein. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of MMP-9-mediated β-DG cleavage by GB is involved in the regulation of AQP4 polarity within the glymphatic system in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and exerts neuroprotective effects. The PDN model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). Functional changes in the glymphatic system were observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to assess mechanical allodynia. The protein expressions of MMP-9, β-DG, and AQP4 were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our findings revealed significant decreases in the efficiency of contrast agent clearance within the spinal glymphatic system of the rats, accompanied by decreased PWT, increased MMP-9 protein expression, decreased β-DG protein expression, and loss of AQP4 polarity. Notably, GB treatment demonstrated the capacity to ameliorate spinal cord glymphatic function by modulating AQP4 polarity through MMP-9 inhibition, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Shuaiying Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | | | - Wenmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Jingyan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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2
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Zeng ZJ, Lin X, Yang L, Li Y, Gao W. Activation of Inflammasomes and Relevant Modulators for the Treatment of Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1. [PMID: 38789893 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
As the brain's resident immune patrol, microglia mediate endogenous immune responses to central nervous system injury in ischemic stroke, thereby eliciting either neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. The association of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation with the progression of ischemic stroke is evident through diverse signaling pathways, notably involving inflammasomes. Within microglia, inflammasomes play a pivotal role in promoting the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), facilitating pyroptosis, and triggering immune infiltration, ultimately leading to neuronal cell dysfunction. Addressing the persistent and widespread inflammation holds promise as a breakthrough in enhancing the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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3
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Mohammadi Zonouz A, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. The molecular mechanisms of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) activity in signaling pathways: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155352. [PMID: 38342017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most unique plants that have ever grown on the planet is Ginkgo biloba L., a member of the Ginkgoaceae family with no close living relatives. The existence of several differently structured components of G. biloba has increased the chemical variety of herbal therapy. Numerous studies that investigated the biochemical characteristics of G. biloba suggest this plant as a potential treatment for many illnesses. PURPOSE Review the molecular mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of G. biloba activity in varied circumstances and its potential as a novel treatment for various illnesses. METHODS Studies focusing on the molecular processes and signaling pathways of compounds and extracts of G. biloba were found and summarized using the proper keywords and operators from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without time restrictions. RESULTS G. biloba exerts its effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, pulmoprotective, renoprotective, anti-osteoporosis, anti-melanogenic, retinoprotective, otoprotective, adipogenic, and anti-adipogenic properties. The most important mechanisms involved in these actions are altering the elevation of ROS formation, inhibiting NADPH oxidases activation, altering the expression of antioxidant enzymes, downregulating MAPKs (p38 MAPK and ERK, and JNK) and AP-1, increasing cAMP, inactivating Stat5, activating the AMPK signaling pathway, affecting Stat3/JAK2, NF-κB, Nrf-2, mTOR, HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling pathways, and changing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the release of Cyc from mitochondria to cytosol, the protein cleavage of caspases 3, 7, 8, 9, and 12, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and MMPs levels. CONCLUSIONS G. biloba and its components have gained attention in recent years for their therapeutic benefits, such as their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and apoptotic effects. By understanding their molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, potential novel medicines might be developed in response to the rising public desire for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Xu G, Dong F, Su L, Tan ZX, Lei M, Li L, Wen D, Zhang F. The role and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116140. [PMID: 38211425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for stroke remain restricted. Hence, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and advancement of stroke in order to establish a theoretical foundation for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. NF-κB, also known as nuclear factor κB, is a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of numerous genes and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. NF-κB is triggered and regulates neuroinflammation and other processes after stroke, promoting the generation of cytokine storms and contributing to the advancement of ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, NF-κB could potentially play a vital role in stroke by regulating diverse pathophysiological processes. This review provides an overview of the functions of NF-κB in stroke and its governing mechanisms. In addition, our attention is directed towards various potential therapies that aim to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in order to offer valuable insights for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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5
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Ye W, Wang J, Little PJ, Zou J, Zheng Z, Lu J, Yin Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Liu P, Xu S, Ye W, Liu Z. Anti-atherosclerotic effects and molecular targets of ginkgolide B from Ginkgo biloba. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1-19. [PMID: 38239238 PMCID: PMC10792990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from herbal medicinal plants modulate various therapeutic targets and signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's primary cause of death. Ginkgo biloba , a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with notable cardiovascular actions, has been used as a cardio- and cerebrovascular therapeutic drug and nutraceutical in Asian countries for centuries. Preclinical studies have shown that ginkgolide B, a bioactive component in Ginkgo biloba , can ameliorate atherosclerosis in cultured vascular cells and disease models. Of clinical relevance, several clinical trials are ongoing or being completed to examine the efficacy and safety of ginkgolide B-related drug preparations in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemia stroke. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and mechanisms of action of ginkgolide B in atherosclerosis prevention and therapy. We highlight new molecular targets of ginkgolide B, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidase), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and others. Finally, we provide an overview and discussion of the therapeutic potential of ginkgolide B and highlight the future perspective of developing ginkgolide B as an effective therapeutic agent for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weile Ye
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peter J. Little
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute and School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya QLD 4575, Australia
| | - Jiami Zou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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6
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Zheng Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang Z, Gan J, Gao Q, Yang L, Xu P, Jiang X. Inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with inhibitors, natural products and metabolites (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:111. [PMID: 37800614 PMCID: PMC10558228 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis poses a persistent obstacle to drug development. In recent times, neuroinflammation has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism of AD, and the targeting of inflammation has become a viable approach for the prevention and management of AD. The present study conducted a comprehensive review of the literature between October 2012 and October 2022, identifying a total of 96 references, encompassing 91 distinct pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their potential impact on AD by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Research has shown that pharmaceuticals have the potential to ameliorate AD by reducing neuroinflammation mainly through regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF‑κB, MAPK, NLRP3, PPARs, STAT3, CREB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and their respective signaling pathways. Among them, tanshinone IIA has been extensively studied for its anti‑inflammatory effects, which have shown significant pharmacological properties and can be applied clinically. Thus, it may hold promise as an effective drug for the treatment of AD. The present review elucidated the inflammatory signaling pathways of pharmaceuticals that have been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in AD and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. This underscores the auspicious potential of pharmaceuticals in ameliorating AD by impeding neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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7
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Zhou J, Fan Q, Cai X, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Cao S, Li Z, Feng M, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang G, Zheng X, Hao H. Ginkgo biloba extract protects against depression-like behavior in mice through regulating gut microbial bile acid metabolism. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:745-758. [PMID: 37879793 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder with high morbidity, disability and relapse rates. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of cerebral and mental disorders, but the key mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here we showed that GEB exerted anti-depressant effect in mice through regulating gut microbial metabolism. GBE protected against unpredictable mild stress (UMS)-induced despair, anxiety-like and social avoidance behavior in mice without sufficient brain distribution. Fecal microbiome transplantation transmitted, while antibiotic cocktail abrogated the protective effect of GBE. Spatiotemporal bacterial profiling and metabolomics assay revealed a potential involvement of Parasutterella excrementihominis and the bile acid metabolite ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the effect of GBE. UDCA administration induced depression-like behavior in mice. Together, these findings suggest that GBE acts on gut microbiome-modulated bile acid metabolism to alleviate stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qilin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengzhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- WanBangDe Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Wenlin 317500, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- WanBangDe Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Wenlin 317500, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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8
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Zheng T, Jiang T, Huang Z, Ma H, Wang M. Role of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:a review of the mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220862. [PMID: 37654609 PMCID: PMC10467294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process wherein reperfusion of an ischemic organ or tissue exacerbates the injury, posing a significant health threat and economic burden to patients and their families. I/R triggers a multitude of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, the development of effective therapeutic strategies targeting the pathological processes resulting from I/R is crucial for the rehabilitation and long-term enhancement of the quality of life in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers refer to bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, and the ability to modulate programmed cell death (PCD). TCM monomers have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of CIRI and its subsequent complications. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that TCM monomers can enhance the recovery of neurological function following CIRI by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, reducing neuronal cell death and functional impairment, as well as minimizing cerebral infarction volume. The neuroprotective effects of TCM monomers on CIRI have been extensively investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms can pave the way for novel approaches to I/R treatment. This review aims to update and summarize evidence of the protective effects of TCMs in CIRI, with a focus on their role in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, PCD, glutamate excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overload, as well as promoting blood-brain barrier repairment and angiogenesis. The main objective is to underscore the significant contribution of TCM monomers in alleviating CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Gao J, Liu J, Li Y, Liu J, Wang H, Chai M, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Su G, Wang M. Targeting p53 for neuroinflammation: New therapeutic strategies in ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2023. [PMID: 37156641 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence, and high mortality and places a heavy burden on society and families. The pathological mechanisms of IS are complex, among which secondary neurological impairment mediated by neuroinflammation is considered to be the main factor in cerebral ischemic injury. At present, there is still a lack of specific therapies to treat neuroinflammation. The tumor suppressor protein p53 has long been regarded as a key substance in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis in the past. Recently, studies have found that p53 also plays an important role in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as IS. Therefore, p53 may be a crucial target for the regulation of the neuroinflammatory response. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the potential of targeting p53 in the treatment of neuroinflammation after IS. We describe the function of p53, the major immune cells involved in neuroinflammation, and the role of p53 in inflammatory responses mediated by these cells. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic strategies of targeting p53 in regulating the neuroinflammatory response after IS to provide new directions and ideas for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Chai
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Li B, Zhang B, Li Z, Li S, Li J, Wang A, Hou J, Xu J, Zhang R. Ginkgolide C attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory impairments by suppressing CD40/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116537. [PMID: 37094696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been applied for thousands of years for the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in China. It is written in Compendium of Materia Medica that Ginkgo has the property of "dispersing poison", which is now referred to as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Ginkgolides are important active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba leaves and ginkgolide injection has been frequently applied in clinical practice for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, few studies have explored the effect and mechanism of ginkgolide C (GC) with anti-inflammatory activity in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to demonstrate whether GC was capable of attenuating CI/RI. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of GC in CI/RI was explored around the CD40/NF-κB pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in rats. The neuroprotective effect of GC was assessed by neurological scores, cerebral infarct rate, microvessel ultrastructure, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain edema, neutrophil infiltration, and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and iNOS. In vitro, rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) were preincubated in GC before hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) culture. The cell viability, levels of CD40, ICAM-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and activation of NF-κB pathway were examined. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of GC was also investigated by silencing CD40 gene in rBMECs. RESULTS GC attenuated CI/RI as demonstrated by decreasing neurological scores, reducing cerebral infarct rate, improving microvessel ultrastructural features, ameliorating BBB disruption, attenuating brain edema, inhibiting MPO activity, and downregulating levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and iNOS. Coherently, in rBMECs exposed to H/R GC enhanced cell viability and downregulated levels of ICAM-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, GC suppressed CD40 overexpression and hindered translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus, phosphorylation of IκB-α, and activation of IKK-β in H/R rBMECs. However, GC failed to protect rBMECs from H/R-induced inflammatory impairments and suppress activation of NF-κB pathway when CD40 gene was silenced. CONCLUSIONS GC attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory impairments by suppressing CD40/NF-κB pathway, which may provide an available therapeutic drug for CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Graduate Department, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Baoke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Aiwu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinling Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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11
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Cheng Z, Chu H, Zhu Q, Yang L. Ferroptosis in non-alcoholic liver disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1090338. [PMID: 36992907 PMCID: PMC10040549 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1090338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis refers to a novel modality of regulated cell death characterized by excessive iron accumulation and overwhelming lipid peroxidation, which takes an important part in multiple pathological processes associated with cell death. Considering the crucial roles of the liver in iron and lipid metabolism and its predisposition to oxidative insults, more and more studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between ferroptosis and various liver disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With increased morbidity and high mortality rates, NAFLD has currently emerged as a global public health issue. However, the etiology of NAFLD is not fully understood. In recent years, an accumulating body of evidence have suggested that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but the precise mechanisms underlying how ferroptosis affects NAFLD still remain obscure. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its complicated regulation systems, delineate the different effects that ferroptosis exerts in different stages of NAFLD, and discuss some potential effective therapies targeting ferroptosis for NAFLD treatment, which putatively points out a novel direction for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingjing Zhu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingjing Zhu,
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Ling Yang, ,
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12
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Ai Z, Liu Y, Shi X, Hu W, Zhang Y, An R, Lei G. The Protective Effects of Apple Pectin and Citrus Pectins on Post-Cerebral I/R Depression in Mice: The Role of NF-κB-p65 and pSTAT3 pathways. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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13
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Mony TJ, Elahi F, Choi JW, Park SJ. Neuropharmacological Effects of Terpenoids on Preclinical Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091834. [PMID: 36139909 PMCID: PMC9495487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are widely distributed in nature, especially in the plant kingdom, and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years, screening has revealed a wide variety of new terpenoids that are active against different psychiatric disorders. This review synthesized the current published preclinical studies of terpenoid use in psychiatric disorders. This review was extensively investigated to provide empirical evidence regarding the neuropharmacological effects of the vast group of terpenoids in translational models of psychiatric disorders, their relevant mechanisms of action, and treatment regimens with evidence of the safety and psychotropic efficacy. Therefore, we utilized nine (9) electronic databases and performed manual searches of each. The relevant data were retrieved from the articles published until present. We used the search terms "terpenoids" or "terpenes" and "psychiatric disorders" ("psychiatric disorders" OR "psychiatric diseases" OR "neuropsychiatric disorders" OR "psychosis" OR "psychiatric symptoms"). The efficacy of terpenoids or biosynthetic compounds in the terpenoid group was demonstrated in preclinical animal studies. Ginsenosides, bacosides, oleanolic acid, asiatic acid, boswellic acid, mono- and diterpenes, and different forms of saponins and triterpenoids were found to be important bioactive compounds in several preclinical studies of psychosis. Taken together, the findings of the present review indicate that natural terpenoids and their derivatives could achieve remarkable success as an alternative therapeutic option for alleviating the core or associated behavioral features of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
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14
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Wang TJ, Wu ZY, Yang CH, Cao L, Wang ZZ, Cao ZY, Yu MY, Zhao MR, Zhang CF, Liu WJ, Zhao BJ, Shang XQ, Feng Y, Wang H, Deng LL, Xiao BG, Guo HY, Xiao W. Multiple Mechanistic Models Reveal the Neuroprotective Effects of Diterpene Ginkgolides against Astrocyte-Mediated Demyelination via the PAF-PAFR Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1565-1597. [PMID: 35902245 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, therapies for ischemic stroke are limited. Ginkgolides, unique Folium Ginkgo components, have potential benefits for ischemic stroke patients, but there is little evidence that ginkgolides improve neurological function in these patients. Clinical studies have confirmed the neurological improvement efficacy of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI), an extract of Ginkgo biloba containing ginkgolides A (GA), B (GB), and K (GK), in ischemic stroke patients. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analyses using RNA-seq and explored the potential mechanism of ginkgolides in seven in vitro cell models that mimic pathological stroke processes. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the ginkgolides had potential antiplatelet properties and neuroprotective activities in the nervous system. Specifically, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-T1 cells) showed the strongest response to DGMI and U251 human glioma cells ranked next. The results of pathway enrichment analysis via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the neuroprotective activities of DGMI and its monomers in the U251 cell model were related to their regulation of the sphingolipid and neurotrophin signaling pathways. We next verified these in vitro findings in an in vivo cuprizone (CPZ, bis(cyclohexanone)oxaldihydrazone)-induced model. GB and GK protected against demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC) and promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration in CPZ-fed mice. Moreover, GB and GK antagonized platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor (PAFR) expression in astrocytes, inhibited PAF-induced inflammatory responses, and promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) secretion, supporting remyelination. These findings are critical for developing therapies that promote remyelination and prevent stroke progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Jie Wang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Jiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qi Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, P. R. China
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15
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Cao Y, Yang L, Cheng H. Ginkgolide B Protects Against Ischemic Stroke via Targeting AMPK/PINK1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941094. [PMID: 35837278 PMCID: PMC9273931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ginkgolide B (GB), which is an active constituent derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, has been reported to ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ischemic stroke, as well as other neurodegenerative diseases due to its viable immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. However, it has yet to be proven whether GB inhibits neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Methods: In the present research, the inhibition function of GB on neuronal apoptosis and its underpinning process(s) after cerebral ischemia were studied through transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) in an in vivo rat model as well as in cultured SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation in vitro. The neurological score was calculated and Nissl and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate the stroke outcome, neuronal loss, and neuronal apoptosis. Subsequently, the western blot was utilized to detect Bcl2 and p-AMPK/AMPK expression. Results: Compared to t-MCAO rats, rats receiving GB treatment showed a significant reduction of neuronal loss and apoptosis and improved neurological behavior at 72 h after MCAO. GB treatment also upregulated the expression of Bcl2 and p-AMPK. In vitro, GB suppressed the apoptosis in OGD/reoxygenation-challenged neuronal SH-SY5Y cells through AMPK activation. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that GB enhanced AMPK activation in neural cells, reducing neuronal apoptosis, thus eventually preventing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Hong Cheng,
| | - Hong Cheng
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Hong Cheng,
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16
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Shang Y, Zhang Z, Tian J, Li X. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Natural Products on Cerebral Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914630. [PMID: 35795571 PMCID: PMC9251309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia with high mortality and morbidity still requires the effectiveness of medical treatments. A growing number of investigations have shown strong links between inflammation and cerebral ischemia. Natural medicine’s treatment methods of cerebral ischemic illness have amassed a wealth of treatment experience and theoretical knowledge. This review summarized recent progress on the disease inflammatory pathways as well as 26 representative natural products that have been routinely utilized to treat cerebral ischemic injury. These natural products have exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia based on their inflammatory mechanisms, including their inflammatory gene expression patterns and their related different cell types, and the roles of inflammatory mediators in ischemic injury. Overall, the combination of the potential therapeutic interventions of natural products with the inflammatory mechanisms will make them be applicable for cerebral ischemic patients in the future.
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17
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Ginkgolide B Targets and Inhibits Creatine Kinase B to Regulate the CCT/TRiC-SK1 Axis and Exerts Pro-Angiogenic Activity in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106240. [PMID: 35513225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Promoting angiogenesis in the ischemic penumbra is a well-established method of ischemic stroke treatment. Ginkgolide B (GB) has long been recognized for its neuroprotective properties following stroke. As previously reported, it appears that stroke-induced neurogenesis and angiogenesis interact or are dependent on one another. Although the pharmacodynamic effect of GB on cerebral blood flow (CBF) following ischemic stroke has been reported, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. As such, this study sought to elucidate the pharmacodynamic effects and underlying mechanisms of GB on post-stroke angiogenesis. To begin, GB significantly increased the proliferation, migration, and tube formation capacity of mouse cerebral hemangioendothelioma cells (b.End3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Additionally, GB significantly improved angiogenesis after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in endothelial cells. The dynamics of CBF, brain microvascular neovascularization and reconstruction, and brain endothelial tissue integrity were examined in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice following GB administration. Through label-free target detection techniques, we discovered for the first time that GB can specifically target Creatine Kinase B (CKB) and inhibit its enzymatic activity. Additionally, we demonstrated through network pharmacology and a series of molecular biology experiments that GB inhibited CKB and then promoted angiogenesis via the CCT/TRiC-SK1 axis. These findings shed new light on novel therapeutic strategies for neurological recovery and endothelial repair following ischemic stroke using GB therapy.
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Kryl'skii ED, Chupandina EE, Popova TN, Shikhaliev KS, Medvedeva SM, Verevkin AN, Popov SS, Mittova VO. 1-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline exerts a neuroprotective effect and normalises redox homeostasis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1271-1282. [PMID: 35201554 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is one of the main etiological factors of stroke and is associated with the development of energy deficiency, oxidative stress, and inflammation. An abrupt restoration of blood flow, called reperfusion, can worsen the effects of ischemia. In our study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of 1-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (BHDQ) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) in rats. Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups were used in the study: sham-operated animals; animals with CIR caused by occlusion of the common carotid arteries and subsequent removal of the occlusions; rats treated with BHDQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg in the presence of pathology; sham-operated animals treated with BHDQ. The analysis of the state of energy metabolism in the brain, the level of the S100B protein and the histological assessment of the brain tissue were carried out. The antioxidant potential of BHDQ was assessed by measuring biochemiluminescence parameters, analysing the level of 8-isoprostane, products of lipid and protein oxidation, concentration of α-tocopherol and citrate, and aconitate hydratase activity during CIR in rats. A study of the effect of BHDQ on the regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and the inflammatory processes was performed. We demonstrated that BHDQ has a neuroprotective effect in CIR, reducing histopathological changes in the brain, normalizing pyruvate and lactate concentrations, and the transcripts level of Hif-1α gene. The positive effect of BHDQ was probably due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, manifested in a decrease in the parameters of the oxidative stress, decreased mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB factor genes. In addition, BHDQ reduced the load on antioxidant protection enzymes, contributing to a change in their activities, decreased the level of antioxidant gene transcripts and expression of Nrf2 and Foxo1 factors toward control. Thus, BHDQ exhibited a neuroprotective effect due to a decrease in the level of oxidative stress and inflammation and the normalization of redox homeostasis on CIR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Kryl'skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia.
| | - E E Chupandina
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
| | - T N Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Kh S Shikhaliev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - S M Medvedeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - A N Verevkin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya sq. 1, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - S S Popov
- Department of Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
| | - V O Mittova
- Department of Clinical laboratory Diagnostics, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russia
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Barbalho SM, Direito R, Laurindo LF, Marton LT, Guiguer EL, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Carvalho ACA, Flato UAP, Capelluppi Tofano VA, Detregiachi CRP, Bueno PCS, Girio RSJ, Araújo AC. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030525. [PMID: 35326176 PMCID: PMC8944638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer, and other degenerative processes commonly appear with aging. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is associated with several health benefits, including memory and cognitive improvement, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancer. Its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions have effects on cognition and other conditions associated with aging-related processes, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the effects of GB in some age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, CVD, and cancer. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. Fourteen clinical trials were selected; the studies showed that GB can improve memory, cognition, memory scores, psychopathology, and the quality of life of patients. Moreover, it can improve cerebral blood flow supply, executive function, attention/concentration, non-verbal memory, and mood, and decrease stress, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, biomarkers of oxidative stress, the stability and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GB can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-14-99655-3190
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Ledyane Taynara Marton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Antonely C. A. Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Raul S. J. Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
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Ran F, Liu Y, Wang C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Ling Y. Review of the development of BTK inhibitors in overcoming the clinical limitations of ibrutinib. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114009. [PMID: 34839996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates multiple important signaling pathways and plays a key role in the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of B-lineage cells and myeloid cells. BTK is a promising target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Ibrutinib, the first-generation BTK inhibitor, was approved to treat several B-cell malignancies. Despite the remarkable potency and efficacy of ibrutinib against various lymphomas and leukemias in the clinics, there are also some clinical limitations, such as off-target toxicities and primary/acquired drug resistance. As strategies to overcome these challenges, second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors, BTK-PROTACs, as well as combination therapies have been explored. In this review, we summarize clinical developments of the first-, second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors, as well as recent advances in BTK-PROTACs and ibrutinib-based combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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21
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Ginkgolide B inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotes microglial M2 polarization in Aβ 1-42-induced microglia cells. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136206. [PMID: 34478813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated chronic neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is related to microglial activation. Using quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 25 up-regulated and 83 down-regulated proteins in amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42-induced BV2 cells. Among the differentiallyexpressedproteins involved in inflammation, the NLRP3 protein level increased dramatically. Ginkgolide B (GB) prevents Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxic effects in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. However, its role in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in AD remain unknown. We found that GB treatment ameliorated Aβ1-42-induced pathological damages and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, GB enhanced the expression of M2 microglial markers and suppressed the expression of M1 microglial markers. Our findings suggest that GB treatment prevents the pathological processes of AD and suppresses neuroinflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting microglial M2 polarization.
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Loss of exosomal LncRNA HCG15 prevents acute myocardial ischemic injury through the NF-κB/p65 and p38 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1007. [PMID: 34707098 PMCID: PMC8551195 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized bilayer membrane vesicles that may mediate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules, including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Research has shown that exosomes play an important role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the function and regulation of exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AMI are unclear. Thus, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to investigate the exosomal lncRNA transcriptome from MI patients and identified 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the MI and control groups. HCG15, one of the differentially expressed lncRNAs, was verified to have the highest correlation with cTnT by qRT-PCR, and it also contributed to the diagnosis of AMI by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Upregulation of HCG15 expression facilitated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production and inhibited cell proliferation. We also confirmed that HCG15 was mainly wrapped in exosomes from AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, which contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the release of inflammatory factors, and inhibition of cell proliferation via the activation of the NF-κB/p65 and p38 pathways, whereas suppressing the expression of HCG15exerted opposite effects, In addition, Overexpression of HCG15 aggravated cardiac IR injury in C57BL/6J mice. This study not only helps elucidate exosomal lncRNA function in AMI pathogenesis but also contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Chen M, Zhang X, Fan J, Sun H, Yao Q, Shi J, Qu H, Du S, Cheng Y, Ma S, Zhang M, Zhan S. Dynorphin A (1-8) inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCAO rats, affording neuroprotection through NMDA receptor and κ-opioid receptor channels. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102182. [PMID: 34298371 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The contents of Dynorphin A(1-8) decreased gradually in ischemic cortices in rats and an intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic Dynorphin A(1-8) reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in our previous research. However, the specific protective mechanism is unclear and Dynorphin A(1-8) is unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by noninvasive oral or intravenous administration as a macromolecule neuropeptide. In this study, intranasal administration was used to middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) rats to assessed the therapeutic effects of Dynorphin A(1-8) by evaluating behavior, volume of cerebral infarct, cerebral edema ratio, histological observation. Then apoptosis neuron rate was detected by TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out to explore the alteration of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. Finally, κ-opioid receptor antagonist and N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonist were used to explore its possible mechanism. We found that MCAO rats under intranasal administration of Dynorphin A(1-8) showed better behavioral improvement, higher extent of Bcl-2, activity of SOD along with much lower level of infarction volume, brain water content, number of cell apoptosis, extent of Bax and Caspase-3, and concentration of MDA compared with those in MCAO model group and intravenous Dynorphin A(1-8) group. Administration of nor-BNI or MK-801 reversed these neuroprotective effects of intranasal Dynorphin A(1-8). In summary, Dynorphin A(1-8), with advantages of intranasal administration, could be effectively delivered to central nervous system(CNS). Dynorphin A(1-8) inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, affording neuroprotection through NMDA receptor and κ-opioid receptor channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qingling Yao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Huiyang Qu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuyin Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Del Prado-Audelo ML, Cortés H, Caballero-Florán IH, González-Torres M, Escutia-Guadarrama L, Bernal-Chávez SA, Giraldo-Gomez DM, Magaña JJ, Leyva-Gómez G. Therapeutic Applications of Terpenes on Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704197. [PMID: 34483907 PMCID: PMC8414653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the search for natural products with biological applications as alternative treatments for several inflammatory diseases has increased. In this respect, terpenes are a family of organic compounds obtained mainly from plants and trees, such as tea, cannabis, thyme, and citrus fruits like lemon or mandarin. These molecules present attractive biological properties such as analgesic and anticonvulsant activities. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that certain terpenes could reduce inflammation symptoms by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines for example, the nuclear transcription factor-kappa B, interleukin 1, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Thus, due to various anti-inflammatory drugs provoking side effects, the search and analysis of novel therapeutics treatments are attractive. In this review, the analysis of terpenes' chemical structure and their mechanisms in anti-inflammatory functions are addressed. Additionally, we present a general analysis of recent investigations about their applications as an alternative treatment for inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we focus on terpenes-based nanoformulations and employed dosages to offer a global perspective of the state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Del Prado-Audelo
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isaac H. Caballero-Florán
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- CONACyT-Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lidia Escutia-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio A. Bernal-Chávez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David M. Giraldo-Gomez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Microscopía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Huang L, Shi Y, Zhao L. Ginkgolide B Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats With Vascular Dementia by Reducing Neuroinflammation via Regulating NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676392. [PMID: 34220511 PMCID: PMC8245850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgobalide B (GB) as the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Ginkgo biloba extract is reported to reduce neuroinflammation, protect neurons and promote cognitive learning ability. To explore that GB can reduce neuroinflammation through regulating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and overcome cognitive dysfunction in rats with vascular dementia (VD), we aim at investigating the potential effect of GB on enhancing cognitive function in rats with VD. It was found that GB improved survival of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treated SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating inflammatory response via Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway. When rats were treated with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 24 h, saline and GB were administered in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via a single intraperitoneal injection for consecutive 14 days. The behavioral changes of VD like rats treated with GB were observed through open field test, Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze electric maze. Nissl staining and immunofluorescence were used to observe changes of neurons in the hippocampus of rats. Western blot analysis was performed by detecting NF-κB pathway related inflammatory factors. The results found that GB can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats by reducing TLR4/NF-κB mediated neuroinflammation. In conclusion, GB seemed to be a potential drug for amelioration of learning and memory impairment in rats with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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26
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Luo T, Lin D, Hao Y, Shi R, Wei C, Shen W, Wu A, Huang P. Ginkgolide B‑mediated therapeutic effects on perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction are associated with the inhibition of iNOS‑mediated production of NO. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:537. [PMID: 34080648 PMCID: PMC8170229 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a prevalent neurological complication after anesthesia and surgery. Ginkgolide B (GB) has been suggested to improve lipopolysaccharide-induced learning and memory impairment. The present study aimed to investigate whether GB serves a protective role against PND by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO). Abdominal surgery was performed on 10- to 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Prior to surgery, 1400W (a specific iNOS inhibitor) and GB were administered via intraperitoneal injection. Open field and fear conditioning tests were conducted to assess cognitive function on postoperative days 1 and 3. Biochemical assays were performed to evaluate alterations in NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Western blotting was performed to measure iNOS expression in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect the neuronal morphology in the hippocampus. Following treatment with 1400W or GB, surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction was improved. Compared with the control group, the surgery group exhibited significant overproduction of iNOS and MDA in the hippocampus on postoperative day 1. Higher levels of NO were also detected in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the surgery group on postoperative day 1. Furthermore, pretreatment with 1400W or GB significantly inhibited the surgery-induced elevation of NO and MDA in brain tissues. Moreover, GB pretreatment significantly inhibited surgery-induced downregulation of SOD and upregulation of iNOS. Surgery-induced increases in neuronal loss and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampus were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with GB. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of GB on PND were associated with inhibition of iNOS-induced NO production, increased SOD, and the alleviation of neuronal loss and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Peili Huang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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Li C, Liu S, Aerqin Q, Shen D, Wu X, Liu K. The therapeutic effects of ginkgolides in Guillain-Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 87:44-49. [PMID: 33863532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory peripheral neuropathy. The immune regulation of ginkgolides have been revealed in recent years. We herein investigate the potential therapeutic effects of ginkgolides both on GBS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). METHODS EAN in C57BL/6 mice induced by subcutaneous injection with peripheral nerve myelin P0 protein peptide 180-199 (P0 peptide) were treated with ginkgolides at three different doses. GBS patients were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group were treated with ginkgolides as soon as diagnosed. RESULTS Our data indicated that ginkgolides administration daily ameliorated the score of EAN and delayed the peak of disease in EAN mice. Ginkgolides also down-regulated the proportions of T helper (Th) 17 cells in EAN spleens. Furthermore, we also found that administration of ginkgolides significantly decreased the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-12 (IL)-12 in GBS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that ginkgolides ameliorated the clinical score of EAN through down-regulating the proportions of Th 17 cells. Ginkgolides also suppressed inflammation response by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12, suggesting ginkgolides had potential therapeutic effects on GBS patients and EAN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wang J, Hu J, Chen X, Lei X, Feng H, Wan F, Tan L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers: Novel Strategy for Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Activation After Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:628115. [PMID: 33716673 PMCID: PMC7952516 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.628115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy, which has become a potential regenerative medical treatment and a promising approach for treating brain injuries induced by different types of cerebrovascular disease, has various application methods. Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) can enable infarcted neuron replacement and promote neural networks’ regeneration without the technical and ethical issues associated with the transplantation of exogenous stem cells. Thus, NSC activation can be a feasible strategy to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury. The potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for the activation of endogenous NSCs have gradually been revealed by researchers. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) are active components extracted from Chinese herbs, and some of them have demonstrated the potential to activate proliferation and neurogenesis of NSCs in CNS diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1, astragaloside IV (AST), icariin (ICA), salvianolic acid B (Sal B), resveratrol (RES), curcumin, artesunate (ART), and ginkgolide B (GB) have positive effects on NSCs via different signaling pathways and molecules, such as the Wingless/integrated/β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). This article may provide further motivation for researchers to take advantage of TCMs in studies on CNS injury and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejiao Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Wang L, Lei Q, Zhao S, Xu W, Dong W, Ran J, Shi Q, Fu J. Ginkgolide B Maintains Calcium Homeostasis in Hypoxic Hippocampal Neurons by Inhibiting Calcium Influx and Intracellular Calcium Release. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:627846. [PMID: 33679323 PMCID: PMC7928385 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.627846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB), a terpene lactone and active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba, shows protective effects in neuronal cells subjected to hypoxia. We investigated whether GB might protect neurons from hypoxic injury through regulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis. Primary hippocampal neurons subjected to chemical hypoxia (0.7 mM CoCl2) in vitro exhibited an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ (measured from the fluorescence of fluo-4), but this effect was significantly diminished by pre-treatment with 0.4 mM GB. Electrophysiological recordings from the brain slices of rats exposed to hypoxia in vivo revealed increases in spontaneous discharge frequency, action potential frequency and calcium current magnitude, and all these effects of hypoxia were suppressed by pre-treatment with 12 mg/kg GB. Western blot analysis demonstrated that hypoxia was associated with enhanced mRNA and protein expressions of Cav1.2 (a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel), STIM1 (a regulator of store-operated Ca2+ entry) and RyR2 (isoforms of Ryanodine Receptor which mediates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release), and these actions of hypoxia were suppressed by GB. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that GB might protect neurons from hypoxia, in part, by regulating Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - Quan Lei
- The Department of Medical Administration, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- The Department of Medical Administration, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - WenJuan Xu
- The Department of Medical Administration, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The First Division Health Team, Anti-aircraft Artillery of Liaoning Reserve, Shenyang, China
| | - JiHua Ran
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - QingHai Shi
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
| | - JianFeng Fu
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, China
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31
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Bondy SC, Wu M, Prasad KN. Attenuation of acute and chronic inflammation using compounds derived from plants. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:406-413. [PMID: 33023332 PMCID: PMC7885045 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220960690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of excessive inflammatory activity is associated with onset of many disease states. Such non-productive responses are often the basis of the mortality consequent to incurring numerous disorders. The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the virus "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" is a striking reflection of the inadequacy of current medical science to adequately address this issue. The usefulness of a range of materials of botanical origin in the attenuation of both chronic and acute inflammatory responses to various disease stressors is described. The properties of preparations of plant-based origin often parallel those of synthesized pharmacologics, but differ from them in some key respects. These differences can lead to more traditional preparations having distinct therapeutic advantages but also a number of specific shortcomings. The strengths and weaknesses of these materials are objectively contrasted with that of a more orthodox pharmacological approach. Each of these emphases in style has specific advantages and they should not be considered as competitors, but rather as accomplices in combating adverse states involving derangement of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Meixia Wu
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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32
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Wang X, Yang G. Saikosaponin A attenuates neural injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:227-235. [PMID: 33335763 PMCID: PMC7712316 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced neurological damage. Saikosaponin A (SSa), extracted from Radix bupleuri, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. This article aimed to investigate whether SSa could ameliorate neuroinflammation mediated by ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism. Methods Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was employed in this study, and the cognitive and motor functions were detected by behavioral tests. Inflammatory cytokines in the serum were detected by ELISA kits. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the brain tissues were assayed with Western blot. Results Our results showed that SSa pretreatment could significantly reduce brain damage, improve neurological function recovery, and decrease the water content of brain tissues when compared with the model group. SSa pretreatment significantly reduced the serum HMGB1 level and downregulated the contents of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6. Furthermore, SSa pretreatment could attenuate the decreased TLR4 and nucleus NF-κB in the brain of MCAO rats. The protein level of HMGB1 in the nucleus was significantly upregulated in the SSa pretreatment group. Conclusion Our results suggested that the pretreatment with SSa provided significant protection against cerebral I/R injury in rats via its anti-inflammation property by inhibiting the nucleus HMGB1 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, No.180, East Renmin Road, Hengshui 053000, Hebei, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
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Study on the attenuated effect of Ginkgolide B on ferroptosis in high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Toxicology 2020; 445:152599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Daletos G, Stephanopoulos G. Protein engineering strategies for microbial production of isoprenoids. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 11:e00129. [PMID: 32612930 PMCID: PMC7322351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids comprise one of the most chemically diverse family of natural products with high commercial interest. The structural diversity of isoprenoids is mainly due to the modular activity of three distinct classes of enzymes, including prenyl diphosphate synthases, terpene synthases, and cytochrome P450s. The heterologous expression of these enzymes in microbial systems is suggested to be a promising sustainable way for the production of isoprenoids. Several limitations are associated with native enzymes, such as low stability, activity, and expression profiles. To address these challenges, protein engineering has been applied to improve the catalytic activity, selectivity, and substrate turnover of enzymes. In addition, the natural promiscuity and modular fashion of isoprenoid enzymes render them excellent targets for combinatorial studies and the production of new-to-nature metabolites. In this review, we discuss key individual and multienzyme level strategies for the successful implementation of enzyme engineering towards efficient microbial production of high-value isoprenoids. Challenges and future directions of protein engineering as a complementary strategy to metabolic engineering are likewise outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Daletos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Wang J, Zhang W, Ma B, Zhang H, Fan Z, Li M, Li X. A novel biscoumarin derivative dephosphorylates ERK and alleviates apoptosis induced by mitochondrial oxidative damage in ischemic stroke mice. Life Sci 2020; 264:118499. [PMID: 33141045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We previously reported the protective effects of biscoumarin derivatives against oxidative stress, but effects of the derivative on mitochondrial oxidative damage induced apoptosis in ischemic stroke remains unknown. METHODS Primary neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for the in vitro simulation of ischemic stroke, and an ischemic stroke model was established in mice by operation of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). RESULTS The results indicated that the nontoxic concentration range of biscoumarin derivative Comp. B in neurons was from 0 to 30 μg/ml and the optimal protective concentration was 20 μg/ml. Treatment with Comp. B increased the cell survival rate and alleviated mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis in OGD-treated neurons. Comp. B reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, and thus alleviated apoptosis in OGD-treated neurons. Further research demonstrated that the dephosphorylation effect on ERK of Comp. B is a key factor in alleviating apoptosis in neurons induced by OGD injury. Furthermore, Comp. B reduced the infarct volume, improved neurobehavioural score, and alleviated morphological changes and brain apoptosis in MCAO mice. CONCLUSION The novel biscoumarin derivative Comp. B alleviates mitochondrial oxidative damage and apoptosis in ischemic stroke mice. These findings might provide new insights that will aid in elucidating the effect of biscoumarin derivative against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury and support the new development of Comp. B as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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36
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Khadka B, Lee JY, Park DH, Kim KT, Bae JS. The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1401. [PMID: 33019651 PMCID: PMC7601486 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Khadka
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMR1, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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37
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Olajide OA, Sarker SD. Alzheimer's disease: natural products as inhibitors of neuroinflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1439-1455. [PMID: 32930914 PMCID: PMC7572326 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects 44 million people worldwide. New emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical investigations shows that neuroinflammation is a major pathological component of AD suggesting that anti-inflammatory strategies are important in delaying the onset or slowing the progression of the disease. However, efforts to employ current anti-inflammatory agents in AD clinical trials have produced limited success. Consequently, there is a need to explore anti-inflammatory natural products, which target neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to AD pathogenesis. This review summarises important druggable molecular targets of neuroinflammation and presents classes of anti-neuroinflammatory natural products with potentials for preventing and reducing symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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38
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Nourbakhsh F, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Boosting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by phytochemicals: A potential therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2360-2281. [PMID: 32894821 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The lysosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells, which has basic pattern recognition for nutrient-dependent signal transduction. In Alzheimer's disease, the already declining autophagy-lysosomal function is exacerbated by an increased need for clearance of damaged proteins and organelles in aged cells. Recent evidence suggests that numerous diseases are linked to impaired autophagy upstream of lysosomes. In this way, a comprehensive survey on the pathophysiology of the disease seems necessary. Hence, in the first section of this review, we will discuss the ultimate findings in lysosomal signaling functions and how they affect cellular metabolism and trafficking under neurodegenerative conditions, specifically Alzheimer's disease. In the second section, we focus on how natural products and their derivatives are involved in the regulation of inflammation and lysosomal dysfunction pathways, including how these should be considered a crucial target for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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39
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Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic response by curcumin against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse model. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Xu D, Li F, Hou K, Gou X, Fang W, Li Y. XQ-1H attenuates ischemic injury in PC12 cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling though inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2363-2369. [PMID: 32761926 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
10-O-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ-1H) is a new derivative of ginkgolide B and has previously been proven to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic injury. However, it is not clear whether XQ-1H affects the cell survival and proliferation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) damaged PC12 cells. Our results showed that OGD/R improved cell viability after 24 hr of posttreatment with XQ-1H (10 or 5 μM), inhibiting cell injury and apoptosis by upregulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-extra large, while reducing proapoptotic cleaved caspase-3 protein. By introducing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor XAV-939 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining, it was proved that XQ-1H promoted the proliferation of PC12 cells in a Wnt-signal-dependent manner via inhibiting the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β after phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal activation, thereby activating Wnt1, β-catenin, and the expression of downstream neurogenic differentiation 1 and cyclin D1, which was comparable to Wnt/β-catenin signaling agonist 4,6-disubstituted pyrrolopyrimidine. We conclude that XQ-1H, after OGD/R damage to PC12 cells, may limit cell apoptosis in a Wnt/β-catenin signal-dependent manner, promoting cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Gou
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weirong Fang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Maihemuti M, Abulaiti R, Parhat A. Study on the protective effect of different extraction sites of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica combination on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900019500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate and evaluate the protective effect of the combination of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica on cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat model. Methods: The rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established and SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, model group, water extraction site, ethanol extraction site, ether extraction site and total extraction site groups. After 22 h of reperfusion, the rats were scored for neural dysfunction, and the contents of brain water, MDA and SOD were measured. Histopathological changes of cortex and hippocampus were observed by HE staining. The brain tissue was stained with TTC, and the infarct area was photographed and calculated. Results: Compared with the model group, the water extraction site, the total extraction site decreased IL-6 in brain tissue ([Formula: see text]), while the ethanol site and ethanol extraction site and the total extraction site could reduce the score of nerve function loss, percentage of cerebral infarction area and MDA content ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The level of SOD in the brain tissues of rats was significantly increased in both ethanol sites and total extraction sites ([Formula: see text]). Compared with the model group, the total extraction sites showed significant decrease of TNF-[Formula: see text] content ([Formula: see text]). Compared with the normal group, the water content in the model group was significantly increased, and there was a decreasing trend but it was not significant after drug treatment groups. Conclusion: The ethanol and total extraction site of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica combination exerts protective effects on rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remila Abulaiti
- College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848000, P. R. China
| | - Alimjan Parhat
- College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848000, P. R. China
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42
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Li C, Liu K, Liu S, Aerqin Q, Wu X. Role of Ginkgolides in the Inflammatory Immune Response of Neurological Diseases: A Review of Current Literatures. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 32848639 PMCID: PMC7411855 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory immune response (IIR) is a physiological or excessive systemic response, induced by inflammatory immune cells according to changes in the internal and external environments. An excessive IIR is the pathological basis for the generation and development of neurological diseases. Ginkgolides are one of the important medicinal ingredients in Ginkgo biloba. Many studies have verified that ginkgolides have anti-platelet-activating, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, neurotrophic, and neuroimmunomodulatory effects. Inflammatory immunomodulation is mediated by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. They also inhibit the platelet-activating factor (PAF)-mediated signal transduction to attenuate the inflammatory response. Herein, we reviewed the studies on the roles of ginkgolides in inflammatory immunomodulation and suggested its potential role in novel treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liang S, Chen Z, Li H, Cang Z, Yin K, Wu M, Luo S. Neuroprotective effect of Umbelliferone against Cerebral ischemia/Reperfusion induced neurological deficits: in-vivo and in-silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4715-4725. [PMID: 32552356 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1780153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathway is the significant marker of neuro-inflammation and plays a significant role in the expansion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Umbelliferone (UF), 7-hydroxy coumarin, has been already proved for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects against ischemic brain injury in the rodent model, but its underlying pharmacological mechanism for neuro-protection remain unclear. In this study, we try to explore the neuro-protective effect of umbelliferone against ischemia/Reperfusion induced neurological deficits in rats and explore the underlying mechanism. Inserting thread into the middle cerebral artery was used to induce the ischemic stroke model. The rats were treated with the umbelliferone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to the ischemic stroke. At the end of the experimental study, brain infarction volume, neurological score, brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediator were estimated in the region of brain and serum. The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Fas and FasL were also estimated at the end of the study. Dose dependently treatment of umbelliferone down-regulated the neurological score, brain infarction, inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, NF-kB and PGE2) in the serum and brain tissue as compared to I/R induced control group rats. Umbelliferone also reduced the expression of TRL4, MyD88, Fas and FasL as compared to I/R control group rats. Umbelliferone also decreased the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) compared to MACO control group rats. Collectively, the obtained result showed that the umbelliferone protected the brain against the ischemic injury in the rats through the inhibition of inflammatory pathway.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoyao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilan Cang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouzhen Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing city, Jiangsu, China
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Yuan Y, Wu C, Ling EA. Heterogeneity of Microglia Phenotypes: Developmental, Functional and Some Therapeutic Considerations. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2375-2393. [PMID: 31584369 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722114248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in complex brain environment. They first exist as amoeboid microglial cells (AMCs) in the developing brain, but with brain maturation, they transform into ramified microglial cells (RMCs). In pathological conditions, microglia are activated and have been classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The roles of AMCs, RMCs and M1/M2 microglia phenotypes especially in pathological conditions have been the focus of many recent studies. METHODS Here, we review the early development of the AMCs and RMCs and discuss their specific functions with reference to their anatomic locations, immunochemical coding etc. M1 and M2 microglia phenotypes in different neuropathological conditions are also reviewed. RESULTS Activated microglia are engaged in phagocytosis, production of proinflammatory mediators, trophic factors and synaptogenesis etc. Prolonged microglia activation, however, can cause damage to neurons and oligodendrocytes. The M1 and M2 phenotypes featured prominently in pathological conditions are discussed in depth. Experimental evidence suggests that microglia phenotype is being modulated by multiple factors including external and internal stimuli, local demands, epigenetic regulation, and herbal compounds. CONCLUSION Prevailing views converge that M2 polarization is neuroprotective. Thus, proper therapeutic designs including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal agents may be beneficial in suppression of microglial activation, especially M1 phenotype, for amelioration of neuroinflammation in different neuropathological conditions. Finally, recent development of radioligands targeting 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in activated microglia may hold great promises clinically for early detection of brain lesion with the positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyun Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 4 Medical Drive, MD10, National University of Singapore, 117594, Singapore
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Long Y, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Liu S, Li N, Peng W. Nose to brain drug delivery - A promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104795. [PMID: 32278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), one of the major causes of death from stroke in the world, not only causes tremendous damage to human health, but also brings heavy economic burden to society. Current available treatments for CIRI, including mechanical therapies and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CIRI. Many studies have confirmed that the herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant resources, good curative effect and little side effects, which can be used as potential drug for treatment of CIRI through multiple targets. It's known that oral administration commonly has low bioavailability, and injection administration is inconvenient and unsafe. Many drugs can't delivery to brain through routine pathways due to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Interestingly, increasing evidences have suggested the nasal administration is a potential direct route to transport drug into brain avoiding the BBB and has the characteristics of high bioavailability for treating brain diseases. Therefore, intranasal administration can be treated as an alternative way to treat brain diseases. In the present review, effective methods to treat CIRI by using active ingredients derived from herbal medicine through nose to brain drug delivery (NBDD) are updated and discussed, and some related pharmacological mechanisms have also been emphasized. Our present study would be beneficial for the further drug development of natural agents from herbal medicines via NBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Songyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Hong Q, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu L, Yan Z. Longxuetongluo capsule alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by regulating multiple signaling pathways in BV2 microglia cells. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:255-265. [PMID: 32134862 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longxuetongluo capsule (LTC), derived from the total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon's blood, is now used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in convalescence. The aim of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of LTC from the perspective of neuroinflammation. METHODS Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and LDH assay kit. Proinflammatory mediators and cytokines production including Nitric Oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2, (PGE2), interleukin (IL-β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. In addition, western blot was used to detect the expression of inflammatory proteins associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tranions (JAK/STAT), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related actor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathways. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed to determine the Nrf2 translocation and the binding-DNA activity of NF-κB, respectively. RESULTS LTC at 0.5 to 2 μg/mL significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH, NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia cells. Meanwhile, LTC not only decreased the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but also down-regulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and up-regulated HO-1 expression via nuclear translocation of Nrf2. LTC can significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK1/STAT3 and reduce the translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to nucleus as well as the binding-DNA activity. PC12 cell pretreated with LTC-condition medium (CM) significantly alleviated LPS-induced neurotoxicity and increased PC12 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The present study showed that LTC exhibited a strong antineuroinflammatory activity and neuroprotective effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hong
- The 71st Group Army Hospital of CPLA Army (Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, China
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Li X, Huang L, Liu G, Fan W, Li B, Liu R, Wang Z, Fan Q, Xiao W, Li Y, Fang W. Ginkgo diterpene lactones inhibit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced inflammatory response in astrocytes via TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112365. [PMID: 31678414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine known to treating stroke and other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases for thousands of years in China. Ginkgo diterpene lactones (GDL) attracted much attention because of their neuroprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To uncover the effects of GDL, which consist of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), and ginkgolide K (GK), on ischemic stroke, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models mimicking the process of ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Anticoagulant effects of GDL were investigated on platelet activating factor (PAF), arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation both in vivo and in vitro. We also evaluated the effects of GDL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in primary cultured rats' astrocytes. Infarct size, neurological deficit score, and brain edema were measured at 72 h after MCAO. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze neurons necrosis and astrocytes activation. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time PCR. The levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were assessed by real time PCR or Western blot. RESULTS Compared with MCAO/R rats, GDL significantly reduced infarct size and brain edema, improved neurological deficit score. Meanwhile, GDL suppressed platelet aggregation, astrocytes activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing, TLR4 mRNA expression and transfer of NF-κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Furthermore, GDL alleviated OGD/R injury and LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary astrocytes, characterized by promoting cell viability, decreasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and inhibiting IL-1β and TNF-α releasing. CONCLUSIONS In summary, GDL attenuate cerebral ischemic injury, inhibit platelet aggregation and astrocytes activation. The anti-inflammatory activity might be associated with the downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway. Our present findings provide an innovative insight into the novel treatment of GDL in ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Liangliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qiru Fan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Al-Adwani DG, Renno WM, Orabi KY. Neurotherapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and its terpene trilactone, ginkgolide B, on sciatic crush injury model: A new evidence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226626. [PMID: 31877172 PMCID: PMC6932810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBE) was subjected to neuroprotective-guided fractionation to produce eleven fractions with different polarities and constituents. The intermediate polar fraction was shown to be terpene trilactones-enriched fraction (TEGBE). Out of this fraction, pure ginkgolide B (G-B) was further purified and identified based on its spectral data. The effects of GBE and TEGBE were evaluated in comparison to that of G-B in the crush sciatic nerve injury rat model. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects, sixty Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups: naive, sham, crush + normal saline, and three treatment groups; crush + GBE, crush + TEGBE, and crush + G-B. Treatments were given one hour following injury, and once daily for 14 days. Neurobehavioral tests, histomorphological examinations, and immunohistochemical analysis of the sciatic nerve and the spinal cord were performed at weeks 3 and 6 post-injury. GBE, TEGBE and G-B were shown to enhance the functional and sensory behavioral parameters and to protect the histological and the ultrastructural elements in the sciatic nerve. Additionally, all treatments prevented spinal cord neurons from further deterioration. It was shown that G-B has the most significant potential effects among all treatments with values that were nearly comparable to those of sham and naive groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal G. Al-Adwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Waleed M. Renno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Y. Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
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Zhu W, Men X. Retracted
: Negative feedback of NF‐κB signaling by long noncoding RNA MALAT1 controls lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation injury in human lung fibroblasts WI‐38. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1945-1952. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xuelin Men
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital Jinan Shandong China
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50
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Liu J, Geng T, Duan K, Gao X, Huang C, Wang J, Huang W, Huang L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mechanisms of ginkgo diterpene lactone and its modulation of P‐glycoprotein expression in human SH‐SY5Y cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4692. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐ying Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Ting Geng
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Kun Duan
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Chao‐jie Huang
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
| | - Jia‐jia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
| | - Wen‐zhe Huang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | | | - Zhen‐zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New‐Tech for Chinese MedicineJiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Lianyungang China
- Jiangsu Enterprise Academician WorkstationNational Enterprise Technology Center, National Post‐doctoral Research Workstation Lianyungang China
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