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Zheng W, Hou S, Chen Y, Ge C, Ni B, Zheng X, Chen H, Zhao T, Wang A, Ren N. Removal and assessment of cadmium contamination based on the toxic responds of a soil ciliate Colpoda sp. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134762. [PMID: 38823099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioremediation of cadmium (Cd) pollution, a recognized low-carbon green environmental protection technology, is significantly enhanced by the discovery of Cd-tolerant microorganisms and their underlying tolerance mechanisms. This study presents Colpoda sp., a soil ciliate with widespread distribution, as a novel bioindicator and bioremediator for Cd contamination. With a 24 h-LC50 of 5.39 mg l-1 and an IC50 of 24.85 μg l-1 in Cd-contaminated water, Colpoda sp. achieves a maximum bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 3.58 and a Cd removal rate of 32.98 ± 0.74 % within 96 h. The toxic responses of Colpoda sp. to Cd stress were assessed through cytological observation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oxidative stress kinase activity, and analysis of Cd-metallothionein (Cd-MTs) and the cd-mt gene via qRT-PCR. The integrated biomarker response index version 2 (IBRv2) and structural equation models (SEM) were utilized to analyze key factors and mechanisms, revealing that the up-regulation of Cd-MTs and cd-mt expression, rather than the oxidative stress system, is the primary determinant of Cd accumulation and tolerance in Colpoda sp. The ciliate's ability to maintain growth under 24.85 μg l-1 Cd stress and its capacity to absorb and accumulate Cd particles from water into cells are pivotal for bioremediation. A new mathematical formula and regression equations based on Colpoda sp.'s response parameters have been established to evaluate environmental Cd removal levels and design remediation schemes for contaminated sites. These findings provide a novel bioremediation and monitoring pathway for Cd remobilization and accumulation in soil and water, potentially revolutionizing the governance of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| | - Chang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bing Ni
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Amaro F, González D, Gutiérrez JC. MicroRNAs in Tetrahymena thermophila: An epigenetic regulatory mechanism in the response to cadmium stress. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127565. [PMID: 38160574 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Among the epigenetic mechanisms based on non-coding RNA are microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. In many organisms, the expression of genes involved in the cellular response to biotic or abiotic stress depends on the regulation, generally inhibitory, performed by miRNAs. For the first time in the eukaryotic microorganism (ciliate-model) Tetrahymena thermophila, miRNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of transcripts linked to the response to cadmium have been isolated and analyzed. Forty de novo miRNAs (we named tte-miRNAs) have been isolated from control and Cd-treated populations (1 or 24 h exposures). An exhaustive comparative analysis of the features of these mature tte-miRNAs and their precursor sequences (pre-tte-miRNAs) confirms that they are true miRNAs. In addition to the three types of miRNA isoforms previously described in other organisms, two new types are also described among the tte-miRNAs studied. A certain percentage of the pre-tte-miRNA sequences are in introns from genes with many introns, and have been defined as 5', 3'-tailed mirtrons. A qRT-PCR analysis of selected tte-miRNAs together with some of their targets has validated them. Cd is one of the most toxic metals for the cell, which must defend itself against its toxicity by various mechanisms, such as expulsion by membrane pumps, chelation by metallothioneins, among others. Like other toxic metals, Cd also causes a well-known series of cellular effects such as intense proteotoxicity. Many of the targets that are regulated by the tte-miRNAs are transcripts encoding proteins that fit into these defense mechanisms and toxic metal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Amaro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - David González
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Gutiérrez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain.
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3
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Ma L, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhou M, Huang W, Zou X, He Z, Shu L. Soil protists are more resilient to the combined effect of microplastics and heavy metals than bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167645. [PMID: 37806593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and micro-/nanoplastic pollution seriously threaten the environment and ecosystems. While many studies investigated their effects on diverse microbes, few studies have focused on soil protists, and it is unclear how soil protists respond to the combined effect of micro-/nanoplastics and heavy metals. This study investigated how soil protistan and bacterial communities respond to single or combined copper and micro-/nanoplastics. The bacterial community exhibited an instantaneous response to single copper pollution, whereas the combined pollution resulted in a hysteresis effect on the protistan community. Single and combined pollution inhibited the predation of protists and changed the construction of ecological networks. Though single and combined pollution did not significantly affect the overall community structure, the exposure experiment indicated that combined pollution harmed soil amoeba's fitness. These findings offer valuable new insights into the toxic effects of single and combined pollution of copper and plastics on soil protistan and bacterial communities. Additionally, this study shows that sequencing-based analyses cannot fully reflect pollutants' adverse effects, and both culture-independent and dependent methods are needed to reveal the impact of pollutants on soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyue Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Hernández-Flores S, Santos-Medrano GE, Rico-Martínez R. Integral Study of Paramecium caudatum Acute and Chronic Toxicity, Sites of Entry and Distribution, Bioconcentration and Body Burdens of Five Metals. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:19. [PMID: 37493828 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
An integral analysis of the acute and chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation, sites of entry, and distribution of four trace metals: copper, iron, lead, and nickel, and the non-trace metal mercury were performed in the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. Mercury was the fastest metal accumulated, and the most toxic. The sensitivity of Paramecium caudatum to the five metals tested (Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, and Zn) falls in the range of other ciliate species. We observed similarities between the toxicity of the five metals to the ciliate P. caudatum with the rotifer Euchlanis dilatata: (a) Mercury was the most toxic metal in terms of acute and body burdens. (b) Acute values were very similar in both species, Hg as the most toxic and Fe as the less toxic, (c) the vacuole/ingestion chronic tests were more sensitive than growth inhibition chronic tests. These analyses would ideally help generate safer guidelines for protecting aquatic biota.
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Prabhakar AK, Mohan BC, Tai MH, Yao Z, Su W, Lay-Ming Teo S, Wang CH. Green, non-toxic and efficient adsorbent from hazardous ash waste for the recovery of valuable metals and heavy metal removal from waste streams. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138524. [PMID: 37019407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As compared to alkali-activated geopolymers with phosphoric acid which may be used in high concentrations resulting in disposal concerns, acid-based geopolymers may have superior properties. A novel green method of converting waste ash to a geopolymer for use in adsorption applications such as water treatment is presented here. We use methanesulfonic acid, a green chemical with high acid strength and biodegradability to form geopolymers from coal and wood fly ashes. The geopolymer is characterized for its physico-chemical properties and tested for heavy metal adsorption. The material specifically adsorbs iron and lead. The geopolymer is coupled to activated carbon forming a composite, which adsorbs silver (precious metal) and manganese (hazardous metal) significantly. The adsorption pattern complies with pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. Toxicity studies show while activated carbon is highly toxic, the geopolymer and the carbon-geopolymer composite have relatively less toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Prabhakar
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Babu Cadiam Mohan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore
| | - Ming Hang Tai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore
| | - Weiling Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore.
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6
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Kohl J, Schweikert M, Klaas N, Lemloh ML. Intracellular bioaccumulation of the rare earth element Gadolinium in ciliate cells resulting in biogenic particle formation and excretion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5650. [PMID: 37024513 PMCID: PMC10079679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are abundant unicellular organisms capable of resisting high concentrations of metal ions in the environment caused by various anthropogenic activities. Understanding the cellular pathways involved in resistance to and detoxification of elements is required to predict the impact of ciliates on environmental element cycles. Here, we investigated the so far unknown process of tolerance, cellular uptake and bioaccumulation of the emerging rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) in the common ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Gd treatment results in the intracellular formation and excretion of biogenic Gd-containing particles. This cellular process effectively removes dissolved Gd from the organic growth medium by 53.37% within 72 h. Based on light and electron microscopic observations, we postulate a detoxification pathway: Cells take up toxic Gd3+ ions from the medium by endocytosis, process them into stable Gd-containing particles within food vacuoles, and exocytose them. Stable biogenic particles can be isolated, which are relatively homogeneous and have a diameter of about 3 µm. They consist of the elements Gd, C, O, P, Na, Mg, K, and Ca. These findings broaden the view of metal ion accumulation by protists and are of relevance to understand environmental elemental cycles and may inspire approaches for metal recovery or bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kohl
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schweikert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Norbert Klaas
- IWS, Research Facility for Subsurface Remediation (VEGAS), University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lemloh
- SRF AMICA, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Materials Testing Institute, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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7
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Microbial community shifts induced by plastic and zinc as substitutes of tire abrasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18684. [PMID: 36333419 PMCID: PMC9636222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments serve as a sink for anthropogenic discharges. A significant part of the discharge is tire wear, which is increasingly being released into the environment, causing environmental disasters due to their longevity and the large number of pollutants they contain. Main components of tires are plastic and zinc, which therefore can be used as substitutes for tire abrasion to study the effect on microbial life. We investigate environmentally realistic concentrations of plastic and zinc on a freshwater microeukaryotic community using high-throughput sequencing of the 18S V9 region over a 14-day exposure period. Apart from a generally unchanged diversity upon exposure to zinc and nanoplastics, a change in community structure due to zinc is evident, but not due to nanoplastics. Evidently, nanoplastic particles hardly affect the community, but zinc exposure results in drastic functional abundance shifts concerning the trophic mode. Phototrophic microorganisms were almost completely diminished initially, but photosynthesis recovered. However, the dominant taxa performing photosynthesis changed from bacillariophytes to chlorophytes. While phototrophic organisms are decreasing in the presence of zinc, the mixotrophic fraction initially benefitted and the heterotrophic fraction were benefitting throughout the exposure period. In contrast to lasting changes in taxon composition, the functional community composition is initially strongly imbalanced after application of zinc but returns to the original state.
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Wu C, Chao Y, Shu L, Qiu R. Interactions between soil protists and pollutants: An unsolved puzzle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128297. [PMID: 35077968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil protists are essential but often overlooked in soils, although they play crucial functional roles in the terrestrial ecosystem. While soil protists have drawn increased attention to their functional role in soils, their interaction with soil pollutants remains unresolved. This review provides a first overview of the current understanding of interactions between soil protists and major pollutants (heavy metals, organic pollutants, nanoparticles, and soil pathogens). We summarize how soil pollutants affect protists and vice versa, showing that we are just beginning to understand their complex interactions. In addition, we identify five research gaps, including hidden diversity, adaptive mechanisms, species interactions, soil bioindicators and environmental applications, and we hope that our review will help promote and build research guidelines for the future. In conclusion, a better understanding of soil pollutant-protist interactions will significantly increase our knowledge of the pollution ecology in the soil and how soil organisms respond and adapt to environmental pollution, which will contribute to the bioremediation and environmental applications of protists in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuanqing Chao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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9
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T. T. Luu H, Esteban GF, Butt AA, Green ID. Effects of Copper and the Insecticide Cypermethrin on a Soil Ciliate (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Community. Protist 2021; 173:125855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Kapkaç HA, Arslanyolu M. Identification of glutathione-S-transferase m19 and m34 among responsive GST genes against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene treatment of Tetrahymena thermophila. Eur J Protistol 2021; 81:125838. [PMID: 34481325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Industrial xenobiotic pollutants have toxic effects on diverse organisms in their natural environments. This study aims to identify the Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) from Tetrahymena thermophila that are highly responsive to the treatment of synthetic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The LD50 value of CDNB was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test as 0.079 mM at 9 h exposure. The glutathione affinity-purified 22 kDa and 23 kDa GSTs from CDNB-treated cells were identified as GSTm19 and GSTm34 with 2D-gel electrophoresis coupled MALDI-Tof MS/MS analysis. The specific activitiy of the affinity-purified GSTs was upregulated upon the treatment of 0.072 mM CDNB with the decreased cell survival. GSTm19 and GSTm34 had also upregulated the mRNA expression under the highest dose treatment. The high cell survival and elevated total GST enzyme activity at 9 h under CDNB doses could be the result of both transcriptional upregulations as well as post-translational modifications. As a result, the cell survival of Tetrahymena thermophila was significantly affected by CDNB exposure in a concentration-dependent manner with the effect of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Açelya Kapkaç
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Arslanyolu
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey.
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11
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Ling S, Zhao Q, Iqbal MN, Dong M, Li X, Lin M, Wang R, Lei F, He C, Wang S. Development of immunoassay methods based on monoclonal antibody and its application in the determination of cadmium ion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:124992. [PMID: 33454572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the threat of cadmium (Cd2+) to public health, it is an urgent demand to develop effective, sensitive, and rapid methods for the detection of cadmium. In this study, indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTS) were established for the determination of Cd2+ based on the obtained mAb with high specificity and high affinity (Kaff = 3.0 × 109 L/moL). The linear range of ic-ELISA detection was 0.03-1.11 ng/mL and 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) of cadmium ion was determined to be 0.15 ng/mL. The visual limit of detection (vLOD) of the AuNS-based strip was 0.375 ng/mL. The vLOD of AuNF-based strip using higher intensity reporter determined to be 0.03 ng/mL, which was enhanced 12 times compared to the traditional strip. In summary, the developed immunoassays based on mAb shows great potential for monitoring the cadmium ion in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Ling
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingke Dong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiulan Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming Lin
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rongzhi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feiya Lei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caizhen He
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Guo M, Tian Y, Huang P, Xing M. Arsenite induce neurotoxicity of common carp: Involvement of blood brain barrier, apoptosis and autophagy, and subsequently relieved by zinc (Ⅱ) supplementation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105765. [PMID: 33535132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution is a common threat to aquatic ecosystems. The effects of chronic exposure to arsenite on the brains of aquatic organisms are unknown. This study was designed to evaluate arsenic-induced brain damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the ameliorating effects of divalent zinc ion (Zn2+) supplementation from the aspects of oxidative stress (OxS), tight junction (TJ), apoptosis and autophagy. After arsenite exposure (2.83 mg/L) for 30 days, oxidative damage to the brain was determined, as indicated by inhibited antioxidants system (catalase-superoxide dismutase system, and glutathione system) and elevated levels of biomacromolecule peroxidation (malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). Moreover, we also found functional damage to the brain as suggested by injuries to the blood-brain barrier (decreases in tight junction) and nerve conduction (depletion of AChE). Mechanisticly, apoptotic and autophagic cell death were indicated by typical morphologies including karyopyknosis and autophagosome, accompanying by key bio-indicators (Bcl-2, caspase and autophagy related gene family proteins). In contrast, the coadministration of Zn2+ (1 mg/L) with arsenite effectively alleviated this damage as suggested by the recovery of the aforementioned bioindicators. This study provides new insight into the brain toxicity caused by arsenite and suggests the application of zinc preparations in the aquatic pollution of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Puyi Huang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Maurya S, Abraham JS, Somasundaram S, Toteja R, Gupta R, Makhija S. Indicators for assessment of soil quality: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:604. [PMID: 32857216 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil quality is the competence of soil to perform necessary functions that are able to maintain animal and plant productivity of the soil. Soil consists of various physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and all these parameters are involved in the critical functioning of soil. There is a need for continuous assessment of soil quality as soil is a complex and dynamic constituent of Earth's biosphere that is continuously changing by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Any perturbations in the soil cause disturbances in the physical (soil texture, bulk density, etc.), chemical (pH, salinity, organic carbon, etc.), and biological (microbes and enzymes) parameters. These physical, chemical, and biological parameters can serve as indicators for soil quality assessment. However, soil quality assessment cannot be possible by evaluating only one parameter out of physical, chemical, or biological. So, there is an emergent need to establish a minimum dataset (MDS) which shall include physical, chemical, and biological parameters to assess the quality of the given soil. This review attempts to describe various physical, chemical, and biological parameters, combinations of which can be used in the establishment of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Jeeva Susan Abraham
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Sripoorna Somasundaram
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Ravi Toteja
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Bapu dham, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Seema Makhija
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.
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Assessing the Cadmium Effects on the Benthic Foraminifer Ammonia cf. parkinsoniana: An Acute Toxicity Test. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous pollutants in marine environments because of their bioaccumulation and biomagnification capabilities. Among them, cadmium (Cd) has been considered as one of the most dangerous for marine organisms. Here we incubated Ammonia cf. parkinsoniana specimens, a benthic foraminiferal taxon used in previous experiments, for up to 48 h in natural seawater with different concentrations of Cd to unravel the physiological change. We document a reduced pseudopodial activity of the Cd-treated specimens at concentrations >10–100 ppb in comparison with the control specimens. Moreover, confocal images of Cd-treated specimens using Nile Red as a fluorescent probe reveal an enhanced intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in the form of lipid droplets at 6 h and 12 h. This bioassay experiment allows for the direct evaluation of Cd-dose to A. cf. parkinsoniana-response relationships under laboratory controlled conditions and provides complementary information to field observations as well as to water quality guidelines and thresholds.
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Expression and molecular characterization of stress-responsive genes (hsp70 and Mn-sod) and evaluation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) in heavy metal exposed freshwater ciliate, Tetmemena sp. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4921-4931. [PMID: 31273612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Response of heavy metals namely cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on the expression of stress responsive genes in the fresh water ciliate, Tetmemena sp. (single cell eukaryote) was studied. Stress responsive genes include heat shock protein genes and genes involved in antioxidant defence system. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate the effects of Cd and Cu on the expression of cytosolic hsp70 and Mn-sod genes. Increase in the expression of these genes was observed after exposure with the heavy metals. The macronuclear cytosolic hsp70 and Mn-sod (SOD2) genes were also sequenced and characterized using various bioinformatics tools. In antioxidant defence system, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family is a first line antioxidant enzyme group involved in catalysing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Influence of Cd and Cu on the activity of SOD has already been reported by our group. Therefore, the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were studied in the presence of Cd and Cu and there was significant increase in activity of these enzymes in concentration dependent manner. This study suggests that cytosolic hsp70, Mn-sod and the antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GPx can be used as effective molecular biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity and Tetmemena sp. can be used as potential model for understanding the molecular response to heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Johansen JL, David MF, Ekelund F, Vestergård M. Wood ash decreases cadmium toxicity to the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:290-295. [PMID: 30716663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood ash is a beneficial fertilizer and liming agent in nutrient depleted soils, but it also contains considerable amounts of cadmium (Cd), which can be toxic to organisms in the environment. Therefore, risk assessments regarding utilization of wood ash is required. Here, we studied how wood ash (applied in doses equivalent to 0, 3 and 6 t ha-1) and Cd (applied in doses of 0, 10, 150, 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg kg-1) affected growth of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The treatments were combined in a full factorial design. Wood ash alone greatly stimulated both soil respiration and growth of C. elegans, whereas Cd alone had a toxic effect. However, unrealistically high Cd levels were needed to severely affect growth of C. elegans and soil respiration, especially soil respiration was very resilient to Cd amendment. Ash addition decreased Cd toxicity to C. elegans, with an EC50 value of 390 mg Cd kg-1 in the 3 t ash ha-1 treatment, and an increase of EC50 to 1894 mg Cd kg-1 in the 6 t ash ha-1 treatment. This is probably because ash increases the Cd sorption capacity of the soil, and thereby decreases the bio-availability of Cd. The results suggest that there is no acute toxic effect of Cd to nematodes associated with wood ash recycling; in fact, our results suggest that ash actually decrease Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Liengaard Johansen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Minodora-Florentina David
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling - ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Agroecology, AU-Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Gárriz Á, Del Fresno PS, Carriquiriborde P, Miranda LA. Effects of heavy metals identified in Chascomús shallow lake on the endocrine-reproductive axis of pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:152-162. [PMID: 29940183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Some heavy metals related to human activities were measured in the water of Chascomús lake. The maximum concentrations were: 0.23 μg/L for Cd, 4.28 μg/L for Cr, 22.09 μg/L for Cu, 2.49 μg/L for Ni, 3.24 μg/L for Pb and 210.76 μg/L for Zn. The values of Cd, Cr, Cr, Pb and Zn were above the Argentine National Guidelines for the Protection of the Aquatic life. The analysis of gonadal condition of pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis) from this lake did not revealed any reproductive damages. However, exposures with environmental concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn under laboratory conditions of pejerrey males (14 days), caused a significant increase of the expression of the three variants of gnrh in the brain (within Cd exposure) and a decrease in cyp19a1b mRNA (within Cu exposure). Furthermore, at pituitary level, a decrease in fshb transcript levels was observed in the fish exposed to Cd and Cr and a decrease in the expression of both gonadotropin receptors at gonadal level in Zn exposure. Moreover, the gonads of the fish exposed to all the tested metals suffered structural damages showing shortness of the spermatic lobules, fibrosis, testis ova and the presence of piknotic cells. All these findings alert that heavy metals pollution affects the expression of key reproductive genes and gonadal structure of fish species that represent the predominant group of organisms and are considered sentinel species in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Gárriz
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Calle Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pamela S Del Fresno
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Calle Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP - CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín", IIB-INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Calle Intendente Marino Km. 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Johansen JL, Rønn R, Ekelund F. Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to small soil protists. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1510-1517. [PMID: 30144724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small heterotrophic protists (flagellates and naked amoebae) are very abundant in soil and play a key role in maintaining soil services. Hence, knowledge on how xenobiotics affect these organisms is essential in ecosystem management. Cadmium (Cd) is an increasing environmental issue as both industrial deposition and recycling of heavy metal rich waste products have led to Cd enrichment of soils. Evaluation of toxicity of Cd to micro-organisms is often performed using a solution of pure Cd (e.g. CdCl) in liquid culture. This approach may be highly misleading as interactions between Cd and other substances, e.g. various ions or inherent soil components often strongly modify Cd toxicity. Hence, we compared the toxic effect of Cd to small heterotrophic protists in soil microcosms and liquid culture. We also evaluated how zinc (Zn) affects Cd toxicity, as Zn usually accompanies Cd in a ratio of c. 100:1, and is known to impede Cd toxicity. In the soil microcosms, we also monitored the primary food source of the protists, i.e. culturable bacteria, and used soil respiration as a proxy of soil functioning. Finally, we examined to what extent Cd actually sorbs to soil. We found 1) that c. 103 times more Cd was required to obtain the same effect in the soil microcosms compared to the liquid culture, 2) that soil sorption explains why Cd, even though highly toxic in aqueous solutions, has very limited effect when applied to soil, and 3) (very surprisingly) that in our experimental systems Zn was as toxic as Cd. Our study suggests that Cd toxicity to soil protists will be small because most Cd in soil will be sorbed to the soil matrix and because the Zn:Cd ratio of 100:1 in most substances, incl. pollutants, will mean that lethal Zn effects will occur before Cd reaches toxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Liengaard Johansen
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Regin Rønn
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Center for Bioenergy Recycling, ASHBACK, Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Discrepancies Between Molecular and Morphological Databases of Soil Ciliates Studied for Temperate Grasslands of Central Europe. Protist 2018; 169:521-538. [PMID: 29936291 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
By measuring the change in soil protist communities, the effect of human land use on grasslands can be monitored to promote sustainable ecosystem functioning. Protists form the active link in the rhizosphere between the plant roots and higher trophic organisms; however, only few morphological species and their ecological values have yet been described in this context. To investigate the communicability between morphological and molecular databases used in the molecular barcoding of protists and in the biomonitoring of grassland soil, the present high-throughput sequencing (HTS) study (N=150) covered the area of central Europe (mesoscale) known to be well studied for ciliated protists. HTS delivered 2,404 unique reads identifying taxa in all major ciliophoran classes but exact reference matches were few. The study identified clear discrepancies between databases for well-studied taxa, where molecular databases contained multiple gene variants for single morphospecies of dominant taxa. Gene variants presented own biogeography - the eukaryotic microdiversity along gradients (e.g., land-use intensity, soil water). It is possible that many of the so called novel phylogenetic lineages and hidden diversity pointed out in environmental surveys could be evidence for the severe lack of molecular data for already known and morphologically described species, present in morphological databases.
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20
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Kozai N, Sakamoto F, Tanaka K, Ohnuki T, Satoh T, Kamiya T, Grambow B. Complexation of Eu(III), Pb(II), and U(VI) with a Paramecium glycoprotein: Microbial transformation of heavy elements in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:135-144. [PMID: 29294427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction of inorganic aqueous Eu(III), Pb(II), and U(VI) with Paramecium sp., a representative single-celled protozoan that lives in freshwater. Living and prekilled Paramecium cells were tested. The prekilled cells were killed with a fixative. After 24 h exposure of the cells to inorganic aqueous solutions containing Eu(III) or U(VI), analyses by microparticle-induced X-ray emission with a focused beam (<1 μm) did not detect Eu and U in the living cells, whereas Eu and U were detected in the prekilled cells. Size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line ultraviolet-visible detection and elemental detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of the aqueous phases collected after the living cell experiments revealed that a fraction of the Eu, Pb, and U in the aqueous phase bound to a large (ca. 250 kDa) Paramecium biomolecule and formed a metal-organic complex. The characteristics of the biomolecule were consistent with those of the soluble glycoproteins covering the surfaces of Paramecium cells. These results show that Paramecium cells transform inorganic aqueous Eu, Pb, and U to organic complexes. This paper discusses the relation between this novel complexation and the sorption of these heavy elements on Paramecium cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Kozai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Sakamoto
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan; Tokyo Institute for Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Tokyo, 152-855, Japan
| | - Takahiro Satoh
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tomihiro Kamiya
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japan
| | - Bernd Grambow
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Advanced Science Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan; SUBATECH, Mines Nantes, University of Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
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Geisen S, Mitchell EAD, Adl S, Bonkowski M, Dunthorn M, Ekelund F, Fernández LD, Jousset A, Krashevska V, Singer D, Spiegel FW, Walochnik J, Lara E. Soil protists: a fertile frontier in soil biology research. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:293-323. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
- Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Chemin du Perthuis-du-Sault 58, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Sina Adl
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonardo D Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Avenida Viel 1497, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Singer
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Frederick W Spiegel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States of America
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrique Lara
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
- Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Gupta GS, Kumar A, Senapati VA, Pandey AK, Shanker R, Dhawan A. Laboratory Scale Microbial Food Chain To Study Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and Ecotoxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1695-1706. [PMID: 28068760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products warrant a careful evaluation of their trophic transfer and consequent ecological impact. In the present study, a laboratory scale aquatic microbial food chain was established using bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) as a prey and ciliated protozoan (Paramecium caudatum) as a predator organism to determine the impact of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs). We observed that 29% of bacterivory potential of paramecium was lost, including an ∼12 h delay in doubling time on exposure to 25 mg/L CdTe QD (∼4 nm) as compared to control. The fluorescence based stoichiometric analysis revealed that 65% of the QDs bioaccumulated when paramecia were exposed to 25 mg/L QDs at 24 h. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in cellular cadmium (Cd) concentration at 24 h (306 ± 192 mg/L) as compared to 1 h (152 ± 50 mg/L). Moreover, the accumulation of Cd in E. coli (147 ± 25 mg/L) at 1 h of exposure to 25 mg/L QDs transferred 1.4 times higher Cd (207 ± 24 mg/L; biomagnification factor = 1.4) to its predator, paramecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind S Gupta
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Violet A Senapati
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences (Formerly, Institute of Life Sciences), Ahmedabad University , University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P. O. Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Pérez-Sirvent C, Martínez-Sánchez MJ, López SM, Del Carmen Gómez Martínez M, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Influence of waterborne arsenic on nutritive and potentially harmful elements in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:620. [PMID: 27747491 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are an important source of nutrients in human nutrition. Although arsenic (As) is considered potentially carcinogenic for human being, very little is known about its toxicity in fish biology. To increase our knowledge of the effect of exposure to waterborne As on fish, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were exposed to 5 μM As2O3 and the bioaccumulation of macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and Potentially Harmful Elements (As, Cd) was determined using spectrometric techniques. All elements were determined in the muscle and liver of non-exposed fish and those exposed to As for 2, 10 or 30 days. The concentrations of K, Na, Mg, Mn and Zn (in muscle) and Fe and Mn (in liver) of control (non-exposed) fish were higher than those determined in exposed fish. Furthermore, neither As nor Cd accumulated in the edible part (muscle) of seabream and were only evident in liver after 30 days of continuous exposure to As, but both concentrations remained below legally established limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Sirvent
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Maria José Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvadora Martínez López
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Gómez Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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24
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Protist metabarcoding and environmental biomonitoring: Time for change. Eur J Protistol 2016; 55:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gao M, Klerks PL, Wu X, Chen H, Xie L. Metal Concentrations in Sediment And Biota of the Huludao Coast in Liaodong Bay and Associated Human and Ecological Health Risks. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:87-96. [PMID: 26979742 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the contamination extent and potential ecological and human health impacts for chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in sediments and indigenous benthic organisms along the coastal area of Huludao, China. We analyzed a total of eight species: two benthic fish species, two bivalves, two snails, and two decapod crustaceans. Cu, Zn, and Cd levels in sediment exceeded the Chinese marine sediment quality criteria. The geoaccumulation index was highest for Cd followed in a decreasing order by Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr. Metal levels were highest in the four mollusk species. The oyster and veined rapa whelk had the highest bioaccumulation factors, indicating that these two species would be well suited for monitoring the metal pollution in this area. Our comparison of estimated daily intake values for human consumption of the seafood species to the Food and Agricultural Organization-recommended daily dietary allowances indicate potential health risks from the intake of Cd from all shellfish other than our crab species and Zn intake from oyster consumption. An analysis of target hazard quotients identified noncarcinogenic health risks from Cd (in all shellfish analyzed except for our crab species), Cu, and Zn (in oysters and veined rapa whelks). Moreover, an analysis of cancer risk from Pb ingestion detected an increased risk for consumption of all shellfish except for the crab species. Health risks seem especially pronounced for the consumption of oysters and the veined rapa whelks; a seafood advisory may be warranted for these mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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26
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García-García JD, Sánchez-Thomas R, Moreno-Sánchez R. Bio-recovery of non-essential heavy metals by intra- and extracellular mechanisms in free-living microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:859-873. [PMID: 27184302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Free-living microorganisms may become suitable models for recovery of non-essential and essential heavy metals from wastewater bodies and soils by using and enhancing their accumulating and/or leaching abilities. This review analyzes the variety of different mechanisms developed mainly in bacteria, protists and microalgae to accumulate heavy metals, being the most relevant those involving phytochelatin and metallothionein biosyntheses; phosphate/polyphosphate metabolism; compartmentalization of heavy metal-complexes into vacuoles, chloroplasts and mitochondria; and secretion of malate and other organic acids. Cyanide biosynthesis for extra-cellular heavy metal bioleaching is also examined. These metabolic/cellular processes are herein analyzed at the transcriptional, kinetic and metabolic levels to provide mechanistic basis for developing genetically engineered microorganisms with greater capacities and efficiencies for heavy metal recovery, recycling of heavy metals, biosensing of metal ions, and engineering of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México.
| | - Rosina Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
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27
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Zahid MT, Shakoori FR, Zulifqar S, Ahmed I, Al-Ghanim K, Mehboob S, Shakoori AR. Molecular Characterization of a Copper Metallothionein Gene From a Ciliate Tetrahymena farahensis. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1843-54. [PMID: 26754785 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new copper metallothionein (TfCuMT) gene has been identified from a locally isolated ciliate Tetrahymena farahensis. It contains 327 nucleotides encoding a peptide chain of 108 amino acids and belongs to class MTT2 and subfamily 7b. Amplification from both gDNA and mRNA confirmed the intronless nature of this gene. Like most of the metallohtioneins, cysteine residues contribute nearly 30% content with the specific CKC motifs. Structural repeats present in peptide sequence of TfCuMT indicate internal duplication of gene at some stage of gene evolution. The predicted model of copper metallothionein protein showed that copper ions are mainly chelated by thiol sulfur of cysteine residues and are embedded in the folds of polypeptide chain. For in vivo expression of TfCuMT in Escherichia coli host cells the classical stop codons, which coded for glutamine in the ciliate were mutated to CAA and CAG through site directed mutagenesis. The mutated gene showed higher expression in pET28a expression vector compared with pET21a. Optimum expression was obtained after 6-8 h of 0.1 mM IPTG induction. Stability of His tagged TfCuMT in 5% SDS was low, with half-life of about 104 min. Presence of 1.0 μM copper increased the expression level by 1.65-fold. Presence of 100 μM Cysteine in culture medium caused 2.4-fold increase in expression level. His tagged TfCuMT was purified through affinity chromatography using NTN-His binding resin in the presence of 0.1 M imidazole and NaCl. The modeled structure of the TfCuMT showed a cleft for Cu binding with correct orientation of Cys residues in the motif CKC. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1843-1854, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Zahid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.,Departmenmt of Zoology, GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Rauf Shakoori
- Departmenmt of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Soumble Zulifqar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 24555, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mehboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 24555, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.,Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 24555, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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Bitencourt JAP, Pereira DC, da Silva Neto ID, Crapez MAC. Evaluation of the sensitivity to zinc of ciliates Euplotes vannus and Euplotes crassus and their naturally associated bacteria isolated from a polluted tropical bay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6236-6245. [PMID: 25408072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the Zn sensitivity of Euplotes vannus, Euplotes crassus, and their naturally associated bacteria sampled from sediments in the northwest and east regions of Guanabara Bay. The unexposed ciliates and bacteria did not appear to be negatively affected by 96 h of assay. In the control group, E. vannus exhibited an increase in the biomass content from 2.3 × 10(2) to 2.3 × 10(3) μg C cm(-3) between 0 and 96 h, and E. crassus increased up to 7.07 × 10(2) μg C cm(-3) at 48 h. The maximum biomass was pointed by E. crassus (1.33 × 10(3) μg C cm(-3)) in the presence of 0.005 mg Zn L(-1) and E. vannus was naturally associated bacteria (2.40 × 10(-1) μg C cm(-3)) in the presence of 1.0 mg Zn L(-1) (96 h). The growth of E. vannus from the northwest region showed concentration-dependent manners, and it is more sensitive to zinc than E. crassus from the southeast. Naturally associated bacteria showed better adaptation to increasing concentrations of Zn, and the Dunnett test showed that previous environmental selection is important. These results show that new bioremediation tools are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Pires Bitencourt
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/no., Centro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil,
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29
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Gomiero A, Viarengo A. Effects of elevated temperature on the toxicity of copper and oxytetracycline in the marine model, Euplotes crassus: a climate change perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:262-271. [PMID: 25163430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals and broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs are common environmental contaminants, the importance of which is increasing due to global climate change-related effects. In the present study, the biological model organism E. crassus was first acclimated to five temperatures, from 25 °C to 33 °C, followed by exposure to nominal concentrations of copper, the antibiotic model compound oxytetracycline and mixtures of both, at increasing thermal conditions. Variations of temperature-related toxicity were assessed by two high-level endpoint tests, survival and replication rates, and two sublethal parameters: endocytosis rate and lysosomal membrane stability. The selected toxicants presented opposite behaviours as the protozoa's survival rates increased following an increasing thermal gradient in the oxytetracycline-related treatments, and a decline of tolerance in metal-related treatments was observed. Results of tests combining binary mixtures of tested toxicants showed a complex pattern of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomiero
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - A Viarengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, Via T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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30
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Kamika I, Momba MNB. Effect of nickel on nutrient removal by selected indigenous protozoan species in wastewater systems. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:147-56. [PMID: 25737645 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient and heavy metal pollutions are major concern worldwide. This study aimed at comparing the effect of Ni(2+) on nutrient removal efficiency of four indigenous wastewater protozoan species (Aspidisca sp., Paramecium sp., Peranema sp., Trachelophyllum sp.). Specific physicochemical parameters and microbial growth/die-off were measured using standard methods. The results revealed that protozoan species were able to simultaneously remove phosphate, nitrate and Ni(2+) at concentrations ranging between 66.4-99.36%, 56.19-99.88% and 45.98-85.69%, respectively. Peranema sp. appeared to be the isolates with the highest removal of nutrients (Phosphate-99.36% and Nitrate-99.88%) while Paramecium sp. showed higher removal of Ni(2+) at 85.69% and low removal of nutrients. Aspidisca sp. was the most sensitive isolate to Ni(2+) but with significant nutrient removal (Phosphate-66.4% and Nitrate-56.19%) at 10 mg-N(2+)/L followed by an inhibition of nutrient removal at Ni(2+) concentration greater than 10 mg/L. Significant correlation between the growth rate and nutrient removal (r = 0.806/0.799, p < 0.05 for phosphate and nitrate, respectively) was noted. Except for Peranema sp. which revealed better nutrient removal ability at 10 mg-Ni(2+)/L, an increase in Ni(2+) concentration had a significant effect on nutrient removal efficiency of these indigenous protozoan species. This study suggests that although Ni(2+) appeared to be toxic to microbial isolates, its effect at a low concentration (10 mg-Ni(2+)/L) towards these isolates can be used to enhance the wastewater treatment process for the removal of nutrients. Peranema sp., which was able to remove both Ni(2+) and nutrients from wastewater mixed-liquor, can also be used for bioremediation of wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilunga Kamika
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Maggy N B Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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31
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Kim SH, Kim SJ, Lee JS, Lee YM. Acute effects of heavy metals on the expression of glutathione-related antioxidant genes in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:455-462. [PMID: 24882442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Euplotes crassus, a single-celled eukaryote, is directly affected by environmental contaminants. Here, exponentially cultured E. crassus were exposed to cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc and then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Subsequently, the transcriptional modulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. After an 8-h exposure, significantly higher increases in the relative ROS and total GSH levels were observed in exposed group, compared to the controls. Real-time PCR data revealed that the expression levels of GPx and GR mRNA were sensitively modulated within 8h of exposure to all heavy metals. These findings suggest that these genes may be involved in cellular defense mechanisms by modulating their gene expression against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. Thus, they may be useful as potential molecular biomarkers to assess sediment environments for contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, South Korea
| | - Se-Joo Kim
- Deep-sea and Seabed Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Ansan 426-744, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, South Korea.
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Ramírez-Bajo MJ, de Atauri P, Ortega F, Westerhoff HV, Gelpí JL, Centelles JJ, Cascante M. Effects of cadmium and mercury on the upper part of skeletal muscle glycolysis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e80018. [PMID: 24489641 PMCID: PMC3904826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of pre-incubation with mercury (Hg(2+)) and cadmium (Cd(2+)) on the activities of individual glycolytic enzymes, on the flux and on internal metabolite concentrations of the upper part of glycolysis were investigated in mouse muscle extracts. In the range of metal concentrations analysed we found that only hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, the enzymes that shared the control of the flux, were inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cd(2+). The concentrations of the internal metabolites glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate did not change significantly when Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) were added. A mathematical model was constructed to explore the mechanisms of inhibition of Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) on hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. Equations derived from detailed mechanistic models for each inhibition were fitted to the experimental data. In a concentration-dependent manner these equations describe the observed inhibition of enzyme activity. Under the conditions analysed, the integral model showed that the simultaneous inhibition of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase explains the observation that the concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate did not change as the heavy metals decreased the glycolytic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Ramírez-Bajo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro de Atauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans V. Westerhoff
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Faculty of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre-3.018, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology, SILS and NISB, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Lluis Gelpí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep J. Centelles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Wang H, Masters S, Edwards MA, Falkinham JO, Pruden A. Effect of disinfectant, water age, and pipe materials on bacterial and eukaryotic community structure in drinking water biofilm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1426-35. [PMID: 24401122 DOI: 10.1021/es402636u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Availability of safe, pathogen-free drinking water is vital to public health; however, it is impossible to deliver sterile drinking water to consumers. Recent microbiome research is bringing new understanding to the true extent and diversity of microbes that inhabit water distribution systems. The purpose of this study was to determine how water chemistry in main distribution lines shape the microbiome in drinking water biofilms and to explore potential associations between opportunistic pathogens and indigenous drinking water microbes. Effects of disinfectant (chloramines, chlorine), water age (2.3 days, 5.7 days), and pipe material (cement, iron, PVC) were compared in parallel triplicate simulated water distribution systems. Pyrosequencing was employed to characterize bacteria and terminal restriction fragment polymorphism was used to profile both bacteria and eukaryotes inhabiting pipe biofilms. Disinfectant and water age were both observed to be strong factors in shaping bacterial and eukaryotic community structures. Pipe material only influenced the bacterial community structure (ANOSIM test, P < 0.05). Interactive effects of disinfectant, pipe material, and water age on both bacteria and eukaryotes were noted. Disinfectant concentration had the strongest effect on bacteria, while dissolved oxygen appeared to be a major driver for eukaryotes (BEST test). Several correlations of similarity metrics among populations of bacteria, eukaryotes, and opportunistic pathogens, as well as one significant association between mycobacterial and proteobacterial operational taxonomic units, provides insight into means by which manipulating the microbiome may lead to new avenues for limiting the growth of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Legionella) or other nuisance organisms (e.g., nitrifiers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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A modified nanoporous stir bar for simultaneous determination of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions in natural samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2013-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the application of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), as a fast and conventional method, has been investigated for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in natural samples. For this purpose, the surface of stir bar was functionalized by amine functionalized nanoporous silica and characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and N2adsorption. In this approach, after the preconcentration of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions and removing the matrix interferences using modified stir bar, the amounts of these ions were determined in eluent by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Various parameters on adsorption and elution steps including pH of sample, adsorption kinetic, eluent parameters (type, volume and concentration) and elution time, have been optimized in this study. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.6 and 13.8 ng mL-1(recovery of 83.5 and 88.1%) for cadmium and copper ions, respectively. The preconcentration factors were 133 and 137 and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of the method were 5.7 and 4.6% for Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions, respectively. As the key point in this study seems to be stir bar nanoporous structure, the analytical performance of this stir bar was compared to non-porous ones. The accuracy of this novel method has been confirmed using some standard references materials. Finally the potential of this method was investigated by determination of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in some real samples with complicated matrixes.
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Coyne KJ, Countway PD, Pilditch CA, Lee CK, Caron DA, Cary SC. Diversity and Distributional Patterns of Ciliates in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Sediments. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 60:433-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Coyne
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment; University of Delaware; 700 Pilottown Road Lewes Delaware 19958 USA
| | - Peter D. Countway
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-0371 USA
| | - Conrad A. Pilditch
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
| | - Charles K. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
| | - David A. Caron
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-0371 USA
| | - Stephen C. Cary
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment; University of Delaware; 700 Pilottown Road Lewes Delaware 19958 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Waikato; Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
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Assessing the resistance and bioremediation ability of selected bacterial and protozoan species to heavy metals in metal-rich industrial wastewater. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:28. [PMID: 23387904 PMCID: PMC3575345 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy-metals exert considerable stress on the environment worldwide. This study assessed the resistance to and bioremediation of heavy-metals by selected protozoan and bacterial species in highly polluted industrial-wastewater. Specific variables (i.e. chemical oxygen demand, pH, dissolved oxygen) and the growth/die-off-rates of test organisms were measured using standard methods. Heavy-metal removals were determined in biomass and supernatant by the Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. A parallel experiment was performed with dead microbial cells to assess the biosorption ability of test isolates. RESULTS The results revealed that the industrial-wastewater samples were highly polluted with heavy-metal concentrations exceeding by far the maximum limits (in mg/l) of 0.05-Co, 0.2-Ni, 0.1-Mn, 0.1-V, 0.01-Pb, 0.01-Cu, 0.1-Zn and 0.005-Cd, prescribed by the UN-FAO. Industrial-wastewater had no major effects on Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis and Peranema sp. (growth rates up to 1.81, 1.45 and 1.43 d-1, respectively) compared to other test isolates. This was also revealed with significant COD increases (p < 0.05) in culture media inoculated with living bacterial isolates (over 100%) compared to protozoan isolates (up to 24% increase). Living Pseudomonas putida demonstrated the highest removal rates of heavy metals (Co-71%, Ni-51%, Mn-45%, V-83%, Pb-96%, Ti-100% and Cu-49%) followed by Bacillus licheniformis (Al-23% and Zn-53%) and Peranema sp. (Cd-42%). None of the dead cells were able to remove more than 25% of the heavy metals. Bacterial isolates contained the genes copC, chrB, cnrA3 and nccA encoding the resistance to Cu, Cr, Co-Ni and Cd-Ni-Co, respectively. Protozoan isolates contained only the genes encoding Cu and Cr resistance (copC and chrB genes). Peranema sp. was the only protozoan isolate which had an additional resistant gene cnrA3 encoding Co-Ni resistance. CONCLUSION Significant differences (p < 0.05) observed between dead and living microbial cells for metal-removal and the presence of certain metal-resistant genes indicated that the selected microbial isolates used both passive (biosorptive) and active (bioaccumulation) mechanisms to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This study advocates the use of Peranema sp. as a potential candidate for the bioremediation of heavy-metals in wastewater treatment, in addition to Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus licheniformis.
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Pinto AJ, Love NG. Bioreactor function under perturbation scenarios is affected by interactions between bacteria and protozoa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7558-7566. [PMID: 22703282 DOI: 10.1021/es301220f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of transient cadmium perturbations on the structure and function of the microbial community in an activated sludge system. The impact of cadmium perturbation on the bioreactor performance, bacterial activity, bacterial community structure, and bacteria-protozoa interactions was examined. The bacterial community exhibited a short-term inhibition following a pulse perturbation of cadmium. Process recovery was associated with an increase in bacterial abundance above the unperturbed control reactor, followed by high biomass activity after the washout of cadmium. This trend was seen for multiple experiments at both laboratory- and pilot-scale. The increase in biomass activity could not be explained by changes in bacterial community structure. Independent experiments showed that the increase in bacterial abundance, and by association biomass activity, was caused by the decrease in the protozoal grazing due to the higher inhibition of ciliated protozoa as compared to bacteria when exposed to cadmium. This paper highlights the importance of expanding the investigative boundaries of the microbial ecology of bioengineered systems to include protozoal grazing, especially under perturbation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameet J Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Gomiero A, Sforzini S, Dagnino A, Nasci C, Viarengo A. The use of multiple endpoints to assess cellular responses to environmental contaminants in the interstitial marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 114-115:206-216. [PMID: 22459342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigations on the suitability of Euplotes crassus, an interstitial marine ciliate, to be used as model organism in ecotoxicology and thereafter to evaluate the toxicity of estuarine and coastal sediments upon laboratory exposure. Nowadays, anthropogenic activities have resulted in accumulation of metals and organic pollutants in the environment as well as in the food chain hence leading to serious ecological and human health problems. This may pose a risk to benthic and epibenthic organisms and it is crucial to discover toxicity tests that will identify adverse effects of sediment-associated chemicals on benthic organisms. Due to their nature as a eukaryotic cell/organism and their position in the food web, ciliated protozoa are suitable models for evaluating the effects of pollution on aquatic communities. Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to inorganic and organic pollutants were tested on the cell mortality, replication rate, lysosomal membrane stability and endocytosis rate of E. crassus. Increasing nominal concentrations of individual and mixtures of mercury, copper, and benzo(a)pyrene were investigated in this study as they might be bioavailable in naturally occurring polluted sites. A significant decrease in the mean replication rate (p<0.05) was found after 24h exposures to m/μM concentrations of all tested pollutants. At the same time, significant decreases of lysosomal membrane stability (p<0.05) were observed for Cu (5 μM), Hg (10 nM), and B(a)P (200 nM). Among the entire suite of tests, endocytosis rate test demonstrated the highest sensitivity. Exposures to binary mixtures of all studied pollutants were performed showing both inorganic-organic and inorganic-inorganic additive and/or antagonist effects. Moreover, medium salinity was also varied to mimic estuarine-like environmental conditions linking biological response to ionic strengths. Under these conditions significant increases of both endocytosis rate and lysosomal membrane stability were observed and related to the increment of some Hg- and Cu-related toxic complexes. The studied biomarkers were always able to discriminate between the effects of organic and inorganic pollutants. Together with the short time and simplicity of the test procedures, results obtained in this study indicate that E. crassus is a promising and convenient bioindicator for evaluating the toxicity of different environmental matrixes like pore water, sediments and wastewaters--polluted by metals and organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomiero
- DISIT, University of West Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, IT-15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Cai S, Ni Z, Li Y, Shen Z, Xiong Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Metals in the tissues of two fish species from the rare and endemic fish nature reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:922-927. [PMID: 22358119 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of copper, zinc, mercury, and arsenic were measured in the muscle, gill and liver tissues of Coreius heterodon and Pelteobagrus vachelli collected from the rare and endemic fish nature reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the tissues of these two fish species were higher than those of mercury and arsenic. Highest metal concentrations were generally found in fish samples from Yibin. The concentrations of copper, zinc, mercury, and arsenic in C. heterodon were higher than that in P. vachelli. The fish from this study area were not safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenwen Cai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
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Ciliate metallothioneins: unique microbial eukaryotic heavy-metal-binder molecules. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:1025-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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He H, Tang B, Sun C, Yang S, Zheng W, Hua Z. Preparation of hapten-specific monoclonal antibody for cadmium and its ELISA application to aqueous samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11783-011-0349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ahmed K, Mehedi Y, Haque R, Mondol P. Heavy metal concentrations in some macrobenthic fauna of the Sundarbans mangrove forest, south west coast of Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 177:505-514. [PMID: 20711859 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations in some macrobenthic fauna have been reported for the first time from the Sundarbans mangrove forest, south west coast of Bangladesh, in the northern part of Bay of Bengal. The concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in macrobenthos ranged from 235 ± 10.11 to 1,051 ± 38.42, 3.66 ± 0.89 to 7.55 ± 1.29, 76.8 ± 8.55 to 98.5 ± 6.49, 0.46 ± 0.11 to 0.859 ± 0.2 and 4.66 ± 1.17 to 6.77 ± 2.1 μg/g, respectively. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) in heavy metal concentrations have been observed among the mud crab, mudskipper and gastropod. However, heavy metal burdens did not vary significantly among the hermit and horseshoe crabs. In mud crab, horseshoe crab and gastropod, heavy metal concentrations were recorded in the sequence: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. Hermit crab and mudskipper contained heavy metals in the order of Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Fe and Zn concentrations were found significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in macrobenthos. The lead (Pb) concentration found in the edible portion of macrobenthos exceeded the international permissible limits certified by the WHO. Bioconcentration factors >1.00 obtained for Fe (17.05 in mudskipper) and Cd (1.87 in gastropod) indicated that these metals were highly bioaccumulated and biomagnified in benthic fauna of Sundarbans. The findings of this study refer to the potential impact of heavy metals in the mangrove ecosystem of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Tolerance and the Trophic Transfer of Contaminants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10519-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A. Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:977-985. [PMID: 21094981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the acute toxicity of arsenic trioxide in fingerlings of Catla catla an Indian major carp was evaluated with renewal bioassay method. The median lethal concentration of arsenic trioxide to the fish C. catla for 96 h was found to be 20.41 ppm (with 95% confidence limits). From this a non-lethal dose of (2.041 ppm; 1/10th of LC 50 96 value) was selected and fingerlings were exposed to 35 d and hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were studied at days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Arsenic trioxide produced a significant increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, plasma GPT levels and reduction in RBC count, plasma sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, protein, GOT, LDH levels as compared to the control group. Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was influenced by arsenic trioxide exposure. A biphasic response was noted in the value of MCH and MCV. However the MCHC level was not altered in arsenic trioxide treated fish throughout the study period. Results of the present investigation suggest that arsenic trioxide affects the hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory parameters of fish and alterations of these parameters can be useful in environmental biomonitoring of arsenic contamination.
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Ebrahimi M, Taherianfard M. Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River (Iran). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 168:575-585. [PMID: 19711190 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of heavy metals in aquatic animals mainly occurs due to industrial contamination. In this study, the concentrations of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish and in water collected from three sections of the Kor River, Iran were determined using the inductively coupled plasma method. Pathological and hormonal changes due to metal contamination were also measured. The concentrations of heavy metals in tissue of fish from the middle sampling zone were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those from the other two sampling zones, whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the two sexes and species. High levels of metals were found in the ovaries and testes; estradiol in females and progesterone and testosterone in males from the middle study site were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than values from the other two sites. Pathological changes in blood cells, liver, and kidneys of fishes were significantly higher in highly polluted areas (middle sampling zone). These results show that industrial activities have polluted the river and that the maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg were higher than the permissible levels for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Ebrahimi
- Green Research Center, University of Qom, Alghadir Boulevard, Qom, Iran.
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Tolerance of a ruminant ciliate Entodinium caudatum against mercury, copper and chromium. Biologia (Bratisl) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou Y, Yao J, Choi MMF, Chen Y, Chen H, Mohammad R, Zhuang R, Chen H, Wang F, Maskow T, Zaray G. A combination method to study microbial communities and activities in zinc contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:875-881. [PMID: 19443111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays a special role in soil ecology and fertility because it can support the growth of soil organisms or inhibit their growth depending on its concentrations. In this work, the effects of different concentrations of Zn on soil microbial communities and activities were analyzed by loading five different doses of Zn (160-6000 microg g(-1)) into a wheat surface soil. The microbial metabolic process revealed a significant bimodal pattern at high concentrations of Zn (>1920 microg g(-1)). This phenomenon suggested that soil microorganisms were very sensitive to zincous poisoning. A variety of soil quality properties were also measured and assessed. The results showed slower bacterial growth in soil cultures polluted with high levels of Zn. In addition, two kinds of fungi were identified by morphology and glomalin-related soil protein content in the Zn-contaminated soil. The growth of the first kind was inhibited with increase in Zn concentration. By contrast, the second kind could survive and continue to grow with increasing doses of Zn at 160-1920 microg g(-1) and its growth began to decline with further increase in Zn concentration. Finally, the fungus could not survive at very high (6000 microg g(-1)) Zn concentration. In this work, we conclude that soil microbial communities and activities can adapt to Zn pollution to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Ministry of Education & Sino-Hungarian Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
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Gutiérrez JC, Amaro F, Martín-González A. From heavy metal-binders to biosensors: Ciliate metallothioneins discussed. Bioessays 2009; 31:805-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rehman A, Shakoori FR, Shakoori AR. Heavy metal uptake by Euplotes mutabilis and its possible use in bioremediation of industrial wastewater. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:130-135. [PMID: 19387521 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A ciliate protozoan, Euplotes mutabilis, isolated from heavy metal laden industrial wastewater, has been shown to tolerate multiple heavy metals thus suggesting its significance in bioremediation of industrial effluents. This ciliate tolerated Zn(2+) up to 33 microg/mL, Cd(2+) up to 22 microg/mL and Ni(2+) up to 18 microg/mL. The ciliate could uptake 85% Zn(2+), 84% of Cd(2+) and 87% of Ni(2+) after 96 h of inoculation of growth medium containing 10 microg/mL of Zn(2+) and 5 microg/mL of Cd(2+) and Ni(2+), with actively growing ciliates. After 6 days of incubation the ciliate removed 87% Cd(2+), 92% Ni(2+), and 93% Zn(2+) from the wastewater. The heavy metal uptake capability of Euplotes mutabilis may be employed for metal detoxification operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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He H, Liu Z, Yang S, Sun C. Preparation of Anti-Cadmium-EDTA Complex Polyclonal Antibody and Its Application for Determination of Cadmium in Aqueous Solution. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802514832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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