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Deere JR, Jankowski MD, Primus A, Phelps NBD, Ferrey M, Borucinska J, Chenaux-Ibrahim Y, Isaac EJ, Singer RS, Travis DA, Moore S, Wolf TM. Health of wild fish exposed to contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater ecosystems utilized by a Minnesota Tribal community. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:846-863. [PMID: 37526115 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Fish serve as indicators of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)-chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products-which are often designed to impact vertebrates. To investigate fish health and CECs in situ, we evaluated the health of wild fish exposed to CECs in waterbodies across northeastern Minnesota with varying anthropogenic pressures and CEC exposures: waterbodies with no human development along their shorelines, those with development, and those directly receiving treated wastewater effluent. Then, we compared three approaches to evaluate the health of fish exposed to CECs in their natural environment: a refined fish health assessment index, a histopathological index, and high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays. Lastly, we mapped adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) associated with identified ToxCast assays to determine potential impacts across levels of biological organization within the aquatic system. These approaches were applied to subsistence fish collected from the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and 1854 Ceded Territory in 2017 and 2019. Overall, 24 CECs were detected in fish tissues, with all but one of the sites having at least one detection. The combined implementation of these tools revealed that subsistence fish exposed to CECs had histological and macroscopic tissue and organ abnormalities, although a direct causal link could not be established. The health of fish in undeveloped sites was as poor, or sometimes poorer, than fish in developed and wastewater effluent-impacted sites based on gross and histologic tissue lesions. Adverse outcome pathways revealed potential hazardous pathways of individual CECs to fish. A better understanding of how the health of wild fish harvested for consumption is affected by CECs may help prioritize risk management research efforts and can ultimately be used to guide fishery management and public health decisions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:846-863. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Deere
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark D Jankowski
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Nicholas B D Phelps
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark Ferrey
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joanna Borucinska
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yvette Chenaux-Ibrahim
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Biology and Environment, Grand Portage, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edmund J Isaac
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Biology and Environment, Grand Portage, Minnesota, USA
| | - Randall S Singer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Seth Moore
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Biology and Environment, Grand Portage, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tiffany M Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Jankowski MD, Fairbairn DJ, Baller JA, Westerhoff BM, Schoenfuss HL. Using the Daphnia magna Transcriptome to Distinguish Water Source: Wetland and Stormwater Case Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2107-2123. [PMID: 35622010 PMCID: PMC9545677 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in ecotoxicology is accurately and sufficiently measuring chemical exposures and biological effects given the presence of complex and dynamic contaminant mixtures in surface waters. It is impractical to quantify all chemicals in such matrices over space and time, and even if it were practical, concomitant biological effects would not be elucidated. Our study examined the performance of the Daphnia magna transcriptome to detect distinct responses across three water sources in Minnesota: laboratory (well) waters, wetland waters, and storm waters. Pyriproxyfen was included as a gene expression and male neonate production positive control to examine whether gene expression resulting from exposure to this well-studied juvenoid hormone analog can be detected in complex matrices. Laboratory-reared (<24 h) D. magna were exposed to a water source and/or pyriproxyfen for 16 days to monitor phenotypic changes or 96 h to examine gene expression responses using Illumina HiSeq 2500 (10 million reads per library, 50-bp paired end [2 × 50]). The results indicated that a unique gene expression profile was produced for each water source. At 119 ng/L pyriproxyfen (~25% effect concentration) for male neonate production, as expected, the Doublesex1 gene was up-regulated. In descending order, gene expression patterns were most discernable with respect to pyriproxyfen exposure status, season of stormwater sample collection, and wetland quality, as indicated by the index of biological integrity. However, the biological implications of the affected genes were not broadly clear given limited genome resources for invertebrates. Our study provides support for the utility of short-term whole-organism transcriptomic testing in D. magna to discern sample type, but highlights the need for further work on invertebrate genomics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2107-2123. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Jankowski
- Minnesota Pollution Control AgencySt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Veterinary Population Medicine DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota—Twin CitiesSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- US Environmental Protection AgencySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Joshua A. Baller
- Minnesota Supercomputing InstituteUniversity of Minnesota—Twin CitiesMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Heiko L. Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology LaboratorySt. Cloud State UniversitySt. CloudMinnesotaUSA
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Karthik R, Robin RS, Purvaja R, Karthikeyan V, Subbareddy B, Balachandar K, Hariharan G, Ganguly D, Samuel VD, Jinoj TPS, Ramesh R. Microplastic pollution in fragile coastal ecosystems with special reference to the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster, southeast coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119297. [PMID: 35421552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a global environmental concern and pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the abundance and distribution of MPs in beach sediments (12 beaches), marine biota (6 beaches) and the influence of microbes on MPs degradation in eco-sensitive Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar coast. The mean MP abundance 65.4 ± 39.8 particles/m2 in beach sediments; 0.19 ± 1.3 particles/individual fish and 0.22 ± 0.11 particles g-1 wet weight in barnacles. Polyethylene fragments (33.4%) and fibres (48%) were the most abundant MPs identified in sediments and finfish, respectively. Histopathological examination of fish has revealed health consequences such as respiratory system damage, epithelial degradation and enterocyte vacuolization. In addition, eight bacterial and seventeen fungal strains were isolated from the beached MPs. The results also indicated weathering of MPs due to microbial interactions. Model simulations helped in tracking the fate and transboundary landfall of spilled MPs across the Indian Ocean coastline after the X-Press Pearl disaster. Due to regional circulations induced by the monsoonal wind fields, a potential dispersal of pellets has occurred along the coast of Sri Lanka, but no landfall and ecological damage are predicted along the coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - V Karthikeyan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - B Subbareddy
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - K Balachandar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - G Hariharan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - D Ganguly
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - V D Samuel
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - T P S Jinoj
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Chennai, 600 025, India.
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Lopez FJ, Pitarch E, Botero-Coy AM, Fabregat-Safont D, Ibáñez M, Marin JM, Peruga A, Ontañón N, Martínez-Morcillo S, Olalla A, Valcárcel Y, Varó I, Hernández F. Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152567. [PMID: 34952067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important contamination source for receiving waters. In this work, a comprehensive study on the impact of a WWTP from Madrid on the aquatic environment has been performed, including a wide number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, among them those included in the European Watch List. 24-h composite samples of influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater after secondary (EWW2) and after secondary + tertiary treatment (EWW3) were monitored along two campaigns. Average weekly concentrations in IWW and EWW2 and EWW3 allowed estimating the removal efficiency of the WWTP for pharmaceutical active substances (PhACs). In addition, the impact of EWW3 on the water quality of the Manzanares River was assessed, in terms of PhAC and pesticide concentrations, through analysis of the river water collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point. After a preliminary risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the impact on the aquatic environment, including a toxicological study and screening of pharmaceutical metabolites, was made for the seven most relevant PhACs: sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin (antibiotics), metoprolol (antihypertensive), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory/analgesic), irbesartan (antihypertensive), and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Among selected PhACs, irbesartan, clarithromycin and venlafaxine presented moderate or high risk in the river water downstream of the discharge. Albeit no acute toxicity was detected, more detailed studies should be carried out for these substances, including additional toxicological studies, to set up potential sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Lopez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - E Pitarch
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A M Botero-Coy
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - D Fabregat-Safont
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - M Ibáñez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - J M Marin
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A Peruga
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - N Ontañón
- Drace Infraestructuras S.A, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 50, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Morcillo
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Olalla
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Higher Council for Scientific Research (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castelló, Spain; Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castelló, Spain
| | - F Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
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5
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Assessing Occurrence and Biological Consequences of Contaminants of Emerging Concern on Oceanic Islands. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater streams on oceanic islands serve critical ecological and economic functions. However, these are underrepresented in assessments of pollution from contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Furthermore, freshwater streams and their endemic fauna often have characteristics that are distinct from those of continental streams and model species, calling extrapolations from studies of such systems into question for island streams. In the current study, we assessed the presence of CEC across three sampling events and five freshwater streams on the Island of Hawai’i. We also exposed juveniles of the native fish species Sicyopterus stimpsoni to a mixture of commonly co-occurring CEC for 96 h in static renewal experiments, testing for impacts of CEC in two ecologically relevant assays of functional performance. CEC from multiple sources were ubiquitous in Hawaiian streams, including human-use pharmaceuticals, agricultural herbicides, and industrial runoff. Concentrations of CEC were comparable to published studies from continental streams, exceeding total concentrations of 1000 ng/L for the eight quantified CEC in four samples, and approaching 2500 ng/L in one sample. Effects on exposed fish were subtle and limited to treatments with higher CEC concentrations but indicated potential impacts of CEC on locomotor performance. These results indicate that Hawaiian streams follow a global trend of widespread freshwater pollution by CEC that are accompanied by subtle effects on native fish species and highlight the need for the inclusion of endemic species and ecologically relevant assays when assessing the effects of contaminants in island habitats.
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6
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Gudda FO, Ateia M, Waigi MG, Wang J, Gao Y. Ecological and human health risks of manure-borne steroid estrogens: A 20-year global synthesis study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113708. [PMID: 34619591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), and estriol (E3) are persistent in livestock manure and present serious pollution concerns because they can trigger endocrine disruption at part-per-trillion levels. This study conducted a global analysis of estrogen occurrence in manure using all literature data over the past 20 years. Besides, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil and water was estimated using fate models, and risk/harm quotient (RQ/HQ) methods were applied to screen risks on children as well as on sensitive aquatic and soil species. The estradiol equivalent values ranged from 6.6 to 4.78 × 104 ng/g and 12.4 to 9.46 × 104 ng/L in the solid and liquid fraction. The estrogenic potency ranking in both fractions were 17β-E2> E1>17α-E2>E3. RQs of measured environmental concentration in the liquid fraction pose medium (E3) to high risk (E1, 17α-E2 & 17β-E2) to fish but are lower than risks posed by xenoestrogens. However, the RQ of PECs on both soil organisms and aquatic species were insignificant (RQ < 0.01), and HQs of contaminated water and soil ingestion were within acceptable limits. Nevertheless, meticulous toxicity studies are still required to confirm (or deny) the findings because endocrine disruption potency from mixtures of these classes of compounds cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Owino Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Faculty of Environment and Resource Development, Department of Environmental Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Warren LD, Guyader ME, Kiesling RL, Higgins CP, Schoenfuss HL. Linking Trace Organic Contaminants in On-Site Wastewater-Treatment Discharge with Biological Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3193-3204. [PMID: 34499771 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Around the globe, on-site wastewater-treatment systems (OWTSs) are critical for rural communities without access to a municipal sewer system. However, their treatment efficiency does not match that of modern wastewater-treatment plants. The impact of OWTS discharge on nearby aquatic ecosystems and their resident fish species is poorly understood. In the present study, larval and adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and adult sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed for 21 days to two trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mixtures replicating water chemistry derived from a previous environmental study. Larval fathead minnows were assessed for survival, growth, predator avoidance, and feeding efficiency. Adult fathead minnows and sunfish were assessed for a suite of physiological endpoints (condition indices, vitellogenin, glucose), histological changes, and fecundity. The only observed effect of TOrC mixture exposure on larval fathead minnows was a decrease in feeding efficiency. Effects were mixed in exposed adult fishes, except for male sunfish which realized a significant induction of vitellogenin (p < 0.05). The consequences of TOrC mixture exposure in the present controlled laboratory study match effects observed in wild-caught sunfish in a corresponding field study. The present study begins to bridge the gap by connecting nonpoint OWTS pollution with biological effects observed in resident lake fish species. Given the effects observed despite the brevity of the laboratory mixture exposure, longer-term studies are warranted to understand the full impacts of OWTS discharge to nearby aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3193-3204. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les D Warren
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Meaghan E Guyader
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Christopher P Higgins
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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Alla LNR, Monshi M, Siddiqua Z, Shields J, Alame K, Wahls A, Akemann C, Meyer D, Crofts EJ, Saad F, El-Nachef J, Antoon M, Nakhle R, Hijazi N, Hamid M, Gurdziel K, McElmurry SP, Kashian DR, Baker TR, Pitts DK. Detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Danio rerio and Daphnia pulex: Step-one, behavioral screen. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129442. [PMID: 33476875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic surface and ground water contamination by chemicals is a global problem, and there is an urgent need to develop tools to identify and elucidate biological effects. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are not typically monitored or regulated and those with known or suspected endocrine disrupting potential have been termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many CECs are known to be neurotoxic (e.g., insecticides) and many are incompletely characterized. Behavioral responses can identify chemicals with neuroactive properties, which can be relevant to EDC mechanisms (e.g., neuroendocrine disturbances). Two freshwater species, Daphnia pulex and Danio rerio, were evaluated for swimming behavior alterations resulting from 24-hr exposure to 9 CECs: triclosan, triclocarban, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, atrazine, metformin, and estrone. This is the first step in the development of a bioassay for detecting estrogenic and/or anti-androgenic activity with the goal to evaluate complex mixtures of uncharacterized contaminants in water samples. The second step, described in a subsequent report, examines transcriptome alterations following chemical exposure. Significant differences in the swimming behavior response and sensitivity were found across chemicals within a species and across species for a given chemical in this unique optical bioassay system. In the concentration ranges studied, significant behavioral alterations were detected for 6 of 9 CECs for D. pulex and 4 of 9 CECs for D. rerio. These results underscore the utility of this bioassay to identify behavioral effects of sublethal concentrations of CECs before exploration of transcriptomic alterations for EDC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Neha Reddy Alla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manahil Monshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zoha Siddiqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeremiah Shields
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karim Alame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Wahls
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Camille Akemann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Danielle Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Emily J Crofts
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fadie Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Judy El-Nachef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Merna Antoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raquel Nakhle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nemer Hijazi
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maha Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Shawn P McElmurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tracie R Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David K Pitts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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9
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Ward JL, Korn V, Auxier AN, Schoenfuss HL. Temperature and Estrogen Alter Predator-Prey Interactions between Fish Species. Integr Org Biol 2020; 2:obaa008. [PMID: 33791552 PMCID: PMC7671136 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of environmental estrogens are commonly detected in human-impacted waterways. Although much is known about the effects of these environmental estrogens on the reproductive physiology and behavior of individuals within species, comparatively less is known about how these compounds alter the outcomes of interactions between species. Furthermore, few studies have considered how the effects of contaminants are modulated by natural variation in abiotic factors, such as temperature. To help fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a factorial experiment to examine the independent and combined effects of estrone (E1) and temperature on the outcome of predator-prey interactions between two common North American freshwater fishes, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Larval fathead minnows and adult sunfish were exposed to either a low (mean±standard deviation, 90.1 ± 18 ng/L; n = 16) or high (414 ± 147 ng/L; n = 15) concentration of E1 or to a solvent control for 30 days at one of four natural seasonal temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, and 24°C) before predation trials were performed. Exposure to E1 was associated with a significant increase in larval predation mortality that was independent of temperature. Across all temperature treatments, approximately 74% of control minnows survived; this survivorship significantly exceeded that of minnows exposed to either concentration of E1 (49% and 53% for minnows exposed to the low and high concentrations, respectively). However, exposure to E1 also impaired the prey-capture success of sunfish, partially mitigating predation pressure on exposed minnows. Overall prey-capture success by sunfish showed an inverted U-shaped distribution with temperature, with maximal prey consumption occurring at 21°C. This study illustrates the vulnerability of organismal interactions to estrogenic pollutants and highlights the need to include food web interactions in assessments of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 2111 W Riverside Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - V Korn
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA
| | - A N Auxier
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, 2111 W Riverside Ave, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - H L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St Cloud, MN 56301, USA
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Zhao X, Grimes KL, Colosi LM, Lung WS. Attenuation, transport, and management of estrogens: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:462-478. [PMID: 31121510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overabundance of endocrine disruptors (EDs), such as steroid estrogens, in the natural environment disrupts hormone synthesis in aquatic organisms. Livestock and wastewater outflows contribute measurable quantities of steroid estrogens into the environment where they are picked up and transported via surface runoff and feedlot effluents into water matrices. E1, E2β, E2α, E3 and EE2 are the most prevalent estrogens in these environmental systems. Estrogens in soils and water undergo several concurrent attenuation processes including sorption to particles, biotransformation, photo-transformation, and plant uptake. This review summarizes current studies on the attenuation and transport of steroid estrogens with a focus on estrogen attenuation and transport modeling. The authors use this information to synthesize appropriate strategies for reducing estrogenicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Kassandra L Grimes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lisa M Colosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wu-Seng Lung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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11
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Weber AA, Moreira DP, Melo RMC, Ribeiro YM, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Environmental exposure to oestrogenic endocrine disruptors mixtures reflecting on gonadal sex steroids and gametogenesis of the neotropical fishAstyanax rivularis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:99-108. [PMID: 30605662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Discharge of municipal wastewater promotes the entry of diverse oestrogenic compounds into the water bodies. This complex mixture of substances interferes in the steroidogenic pathway, being able to promote severe reproductive impairment in freshwater fish populations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oestrogenic endocrine disruptors (EDCs) mixture on gonadal sex steroids (testosterone, T; 11-ketotestosterone, 11-KT; 17β-oestradiol, E2; 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-OHP) in the peak of the reproductive season of Astyanax rivularis, correlating the results obtained with the proportion of germ cells and gonadal histopathology. Three sampling sites were chosen to conduct the study, one reference site (S1), without contamination by municipal wastewater and two sites (S2 and S3) receiving discharge of municipal wastewater. Males of A. rivularis presented higher concentrations of E2, lower androgens (T and 11-KT) in gonads when compared to males from site S1. Concentrations of 17-OHP did not present significant difference among sites. In sites S2 and S3, the proportion of early spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells increased while spermatozoa decreased compared to fish from S1. The following gonadal histopathologies were detected in the male fishes: intersex gonads (28% in S3) and testicular degeneration with germinal epithelium exhibiting agglutinated germ cells masses and empty cysts (57% in S2 and 71% in S3). In females, concentrations of T, E2 and 17-OHP did not present significant difference among the sites, however higher 11-KT concentrations were detected in females from sites S2 and S3. A lower proportion of perinucleolar follicles and a higher incidence of vitellogenic follicles, besides, aged oocytes and the presence of eosinophilic proteinaceous fluid in the interstitial compartment were also found in females from impacted sites. These results indicate that the urbanization and consequent release of municipal wastewater containing oestrogenic compounds in the headwater creeks are altering the levels of sex hormones and gametogenesis of A. rivularis. Further studies should be performed to determine whether oestrogenic endocrine disrupters are disrupting the reproduction of A. rivularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P.486, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P.486, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P.486, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P.486, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, 30535-610 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P.486, 30161-970 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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12
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Molé RA, Good CJ, Stebel EK, Higgins JF, Pitell SA, Welch AR, Minarik TA, Schoenfuss HL, Edmiston PL. Correlating effluent concentrations and bench-scale experiments to assess the transformation of endocrine active compounds in wastewater by UV or chlorination disinfection. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:565-575. [PMID: 30953901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of endocrine active compounds (EACs) by either chlorination (Cl-D) or UV disinfection (UV-D) was studied by field sampling and bench-scale validation studies. Field testing assessed concentration of 13 EACs in effluent at two Chicago area 250 MGD wastewater reclamation plants (WRP) over two years. One WRP uses chlorination/dechlorination while the other employs UV disinfection. Target compounds included bupropion, carbamazepine, citalopram, duloxetine, estradiol, estrone, fluoxetine, nonylphenol, norfluoxetine, norsertraline, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Concentrations of 9/13 target compounds were partially reduced after disinfection (5-65% reduction). None of the target compounds were fully transformed by either chlorination or UV treatment at the WRP scale. In bench-scale experiments each compound was spiked into deionized water or effluent and treated in a process mimicking plant-scale disinfection to validate transformations. Correlation was observed between compounds that were transformed in bench-testing and those that decreased in concentration in post-disinfection WRP effluent (10/13 compounds). A survey of potential reaction products was made. Chlorination of some amine containing compounds produced chloramine by-products that reverted to the initial form after dechlorination. Transformation products produced upon simulated UV disinfection were more diverse. Laboratory UV-induced transformation was generally more effective under stirred conditions, suggesting that indirect photo-induced reactions may predominate over direct photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Molé
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Christopher J Good
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Eva K Stebel
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Julia F Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Sarah A Pitell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Arielle R Welch
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Thomas A Minarik
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL, 60804, USA
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301, USA
| | - Paul L Edmiston
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, 943 College Mall, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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13
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Zaibel I, Appelbaum Y, Arnon S, Britzi M, Schwartsburd F, Snyder S, Zilberg D. The effect of tertiary treated wastewater on fish growth and health: Laboratory-scale experiment with Poecilia reticulata (guppy). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217927. [PMID: 31185032 PMCID: PMC6559704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) constitutes a sustainable water resource and has been used for fish culture in some countries around the world, although there are no comprehensive data on the effect of TWW on fish growth and health in the context of aquaculture production. Our objectives were to examine how fish culture in TWW affected fish growth and fitness, as well as compliance with the international standards for safe consumption. Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fingerlings were reared in 0%, 50% and 100% tertiary TWW (TTWW), from the age of five days, for a period of four months. In water analyses, 33 out of 67 tested organic micropollutants (OMPs) were detected in the TTWW samples at least once, at concentrations that are typically reported in domestic TTWW. Fish survival ranged between 77-80% and did not differ between treatment groups. Fish growth and mortality following challenge infection with Tetrahymena sp. (which ranged between 64-68%), were similar among treatment groups. Of tested immunological parameters, lysozyme and anti-protease was similar among treatments while complement activity was highest in the 50% TTWW-reared fish. No abnormalities were observed in the histopathological analysis. Levels of heavy metals, polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorines (OCs) in fish were below the detection limit and below the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the European Union EU maximal permitted levels in food fish. Results suggest that the yield of fish grown in TTWW is potentially similar to that in freshwater, and the produced fish comply with the standards of consumer safety. The results are in line with previous studies that examined the feasibility of TWW-fed aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Zaibel
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Yuval Appelbaum
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Malka Britzi
- The National Residue Control Laboratory, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Frieda Schwartsburd
- The National Residue Control Laboratory, The Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Shane Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Dina Zilberg
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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14
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Rearick DC, Ward J, Venturelli P, Schoenfuss H. Environmental oestrogens cause predation-induced population decline in a freshwater fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181065. [PMID: 30473849 PMCID: PMC6227994 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding population-level effects of environmental stressors on aquatic biota requires knowledge of the direct adverse effects of pollutants on individuals and species interactions that relate to survival and reproduction. Here, we connect behavioural assays with survival trials and a modelling approach to quantify changes in antipredator escape performance of a larval freshwater fish following exposure to an environmental oestrogen, and predict changes in population abundance. We quantified the effects of short-term (21 days) exposure to 17β-oestradiol (E2) on the antipredator escape performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and the probability of predation by a natural predator, the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Compared with unexposed minnows, minnows exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 that approach total oestrogenic activity of wastewater-dominated environments (38 and 103 ng l-1) had delayed response times and slower escape speeds, and were more susceptible to predation. Incorporating these data into a stage-structured population model demonstrated that enhanced predation mortality at the larval stage can result in population declines. These results indicate that subtle, sub-lethal shifts in the behaviour of individuals due to human-mediated environmental change can impact species interactions with measurable population-level effects. Such changes have the potential to alter higher-order trophic interactions and disrupt aquatic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Rearick
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Paul Venturelli
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Heiko Schoenfuss
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
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15
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Westerhoff BM, Fairbairn DJ, Ferrey ML, Matilla A, Kunkel J, Elliott SM, Kiesling RL, Woodruff D, Schoenfuss HL. Effects of urban stormwater and iron-enhanced sand filtration on Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2645-2659. [PMID: 29978500 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater is an important but incompletely characterized contributor to surface-water toxicity. The present study used 5 bioassays of 2 model organisms (Daphnia magna and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) to investigate stormwater toxicity and mitigation by full-scale iron-enhanced sand filters (IESFs). Stormwater samples were collected from major stormwater conveyances and full-scale IESFs during 4 seasonal events (winter snowmelt and spring, early summer, and late summer rainfalls) and analyzed for a diverse range of contaminants of emerging concern including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, and pesticides. Concurrently, stormwater samples were collected for toxicity testing. Seasonality appeared more influential and consistent than site type for most bioassays. Typically, biological consequences were least in early summer and greatest in late summer and winter. In contrast with the unimproved and occasionally reduced biological outcomes in IESF-treated and late summer samples, water chemistry indicated that numbers and total concentrations of detected organic chemicals, metals, and nutrients were reduced in late summer and in IESF-treated stormwater samples. Some potent toxicants showed more specific seasonality (e.g., high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and industrial compounds in winter, pesticides in early summer and spring, flame retardants in late summer), which may have influenced outcomes. Potential explanations for insignificant or unexpected stormwater treatment outcomes include confounding effects of complex stormwater matrices, IESF nutrient removal, and, less likely, unmonitored toxicants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2645-2659. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Westerhoff
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Mark L Ferrey
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adriana Matilla
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jordan Kunkel
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Dustin Woodruff
- Mid-continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Survey of Intersex (Testicular Oocytes) in Black Crappie Collected from the Illinois River Waterway. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.3996/032018-jfwm-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Researchers have documented intersex (testicular oocytes) in male fishes in many species worldwide and prevalence of the condition is strongly related to exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds in aquatic ecosystems. There is no available knowledge about the incidence of intersex in Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, an important North American sport fish. The objective of this survey was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of the intersex condition in Black Crappie collected from portions of the Illinois River waterway. We collected and examined 83 Black Crappie. We observed testicular oocytes in 22 individuals (27% intersex), representing the first documentation of intersex condition in wild Black Crappie. The number of oocytes that we observed in intersex Black Crappie ranged from 1 to 67. We documented intersex in individuals collected from all habitats, but there were no significant differences in the prevalence of the condition (Kruskal–Wallis P = 0.56) or the number of oocytes present (P = 0.25) in intersex males from the different habitats. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that morphometric parameters varied significantly among locations (P = 0.0001), but did not vary significantly between intersex and normal males. We have little information about the current distribution of endocrine-disrupting compounds in the specific regions where we collected Black Crappie for our study. However, we believe our study represents a valuable effort to detect the condition in an important sport fish and lays a foundation for future research.
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17
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Guyader ME, Warren LD, Green E, Bertram R, Proudian AP, Kiesling RL, Schoenfuss HL, Higgins CP. Trace organic contaminant (TOrC) mixtures in Minnesota littoral zones: Effects of on-site wastewater treatment system (OWTS) proximity and biological impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1157-1166. [PMID: 29898522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are an international wastewater management strategy for rural and semi-rural communities without access to centralized sewage treatment. These systems are a suspected source of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) that may be responsible for endocrine disrupting effects to resident fish species in Minnesota Lakes. This study assessed localized porewater concentrations of TOrCs in near-shore environments across five Minnesota Lakes. Sampling sites were designated as either likely (HOME) or unlikely (REF) to receive OWTS discharges based on their proximity to shoreline households. Sampling sites also served as sunfish spawning habitats concurrently studied for biological impacts to resident adult males. Two-group hypothesis tests demonstrated significantly (p = .02) higher total TOrC concentrations in HOME (Mean = 841 ng/L) versus REF (Mean = 222 ng/L) sites. HOME sites also contained a wider suite of TOrC detections relative to REF sites. The distance to the nearest household (most proximal distance; MPD) negatively correlated (r = -0.62) with total TOrC concentrations. However, 2,4-D and DEET were major contributors to these total concentrations, suggesting that anthropogenic influence from households may not be exclusively attributed to OWTS discharges. Further, TOrC presence and elevated nitrogen concentrations in REF site porewater suggest additional, non-household TOrC discharges to these lakes. Significantly higher blood concentrations of vitellogenin (p = .03) and 11-ketotestosterone (p = .01) were observed in adult male sunfish captured from HOME versus REF sites. Comparisons between chemical and biological data indicate enhanced bioactive effects of co-contaminants. The findings from this study demonstrate multiple diffuse transport pathways contribute to the presence of biologically active TOrC mixtures in Minnesota Lakes, and mitigation efforts should consider minimizing residential inputs of chemicals associated with both outdoor and OWTS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Guyader
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Les D Warren
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Emily Green
- Chemical Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Riley Bertram
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Andrew P Proudian
- Department of Applied Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401, United States
| | - Richard L Kiesling
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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18
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Jorgenson ZG, Thomas LM, Elliott SM, Cavallin JE, Randolph EC, Choy SJ, Alvarez DA, Banda JA, Gefell DJ, Lee KE, Furlong ET, Schoenfuss HL. Contaminants of emerging concern presence and adverse effects in fish: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:718-733. [PMID: 29454282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes are a valuable natural resource that is affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including sex steroid hormones, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and new generation pesticides. However, little is known about the fate and biological effects of CECs in tributaries to the Great Lakes. In the current study, 16 sites on three rivers in the Great Lakes basin (Fox, Cuyahoga, and Raquette Rivers) were assessed for CEC presence using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab water samplers. Biological activity was assessed through a combination of in vitro bioassays (focused on estrogenic activity) and in vivo assays with larval fathead minnows. In addition, resident sunfish, largemouth bass, and white suckers were assessed for changes in biological endpoints associated with CEC exposure. CECs were present in all water samples and POCIS extracts. A total of 111 and 97 chemicals were detected in at least one water sample and POCIS extract, respectively. Known estrogenic chemicals were detected in water samples at all 16 sites and in POCIS extracts at 13 sites. Most sites elicited estrogenic activity in bioassays. Ranking sites and rivers based on water chemistry, POCIS chemistry, or total in vitro estrogenicity produced comparable patterns with the Cuyahoga River ranking as most and the Raquette River as least affected by CECs. Changes in biological responses grouped according to physiological processes, and differed between species but not sex. The Fox and Cuyahoga Rivers often had significantly different patterns in biological response Our study supports the need for multiple lines of evidence and provides a framework to assess CEC presence and effects in fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G Jorgenson
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Twin Cities Field Office, 4101 American Blvd. E, Bloomington, MN, 55425, United States; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Linnea M Thomas
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View, MN, 55112, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Eric C Randolph
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Steven J Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Field Office, 505 Science Dr., Madison, WI, 53711, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 E New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO, 65201, United States
| | - Jo A Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ohio Field Office, 4625 Morse Rd., Suite 104, Columbus, OH, 43230, United States
| | - Daniel J Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New York Field Office, 3817 Luker Rd., Cortland, NY, 13045, United States
| | - Kathy E Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, 415 Pokegama Ave. S, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Bldg 95, Denver, CO, 80225, United States
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States.
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19
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Cox MK, Peterson KN, Tan D, Novak PJ, Schoenfuss HL, Ward JL. Temperature modulates estrone degradation and biological effects of exposure in fathead minnows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1591-1600. [PMID: 29054667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, including estrogens, are widespread in aquatic environments frequently as a result of treated wastewater effluent discharged. Exposure to estrogens has been correlated with disruption of the normal physiological and reproductive function in aquatic organisms, which could impair the sustainability of exposed populations. However, assessing the effects of estrogen exposure on individuals is complicated by the fact that rates of chemical uptake and environmental degradation are temperature dependent. Because annual temperature regimes often coincide with critical periods of biological activity, temperature-dependent changes in estrogen degradation efficacy during wastewater treatment could modulate biological effects. We examined the interactions between ambient water temperature and degradation of estrone (E1) during wastewater treatment. In addition, we exposed mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to three environmentally relevant concentrations of E1 at four different water temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, and 24°C) to reflect natural seasonal variation. E1 degradation occurred with and without the support of robust nitrification at all temperatures; however, the onset of E1 degradation was delayed at cooler water temperatures. In addition, we observed significant interactive effects between temperature and E1 exposure. Female morphometric endpoints were more susceptible to temperature-modulating effects while physiological endpoints were more strongly affected in males. Collectively, the data demonstrate that natural seasonal fluctuations in temperature are sufficient to affect E1 degradation during wastewater treatment and induce sex-dependent physiological and anatomical changes in exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Cox
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - K N Peterson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - D Tan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - P J Novak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - H L Schoenfuss
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States.
| | - J L Ward
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States
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Shappell NW, Feifarek DJ, Rearick DC, Bartell SE, Schoenfuss HL. Do environmental factors affect male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) response to estrone? Part 2. Temperature and food availability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:32-43. [PMID: 28802108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish are subject to constantly changing environmental conditions and food availability, factors that may impact their response to endocrine disruptors (EDs). This may, in part, explain outcome discrepancies between field studies and laboratory exposures to EDs. This study assessed whether standard laboratory conditions for fish exposures adequately represent effects of ED exposure at two environmentally realistic temperatures. The impact of temperature and food availability on male fathead minnow response to estrone (E1) exposure was studied in two experiments (3×2×2 factorial design) with three E1 concentrations (range 0-135ng/L); two temperatures (18°C and 26°C, the latter the prescribed laboratory temperature), and two feeding treatments (full fed vs. 25% of full fed) in a 21-day flow-through system. Morphometric endpoints [including body condition factor, somatic index of gonad (GSI) and liver (HSI), and secondary sex characteristics (SSC)], blood parameters [hematocrit (HCT), blood glucose, cortisol, and vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations], and histology of liver and testis were determined on day 22. High E1 consistently increased VTG, though interactions among E1, temperature and/or food on liver weight, HSI, and HCT were inconsistent between experiments. High temperature impacted the greatest number of parameters, independent of E1 treatment. Three sex-linked parameters were lower at high temperature (testis weight, GSI and VTG), and in Exp. 2SSC and gonad maturity rating were lower. At 26°C, in Exp. 1 HSI and HCT decreased, and in Exp. 2 length, body and liver weight, and body condition factor were lower. Food restriction decreased GSI in Exp. 1, and blood glucose and liver weight in Exp. 2. At 26°C several parameters were altered independent of E1 exposure, including three out of four measurements of sperm differentiation. Concordance between laboratory and field investigations of the biological effects of EDs may improve if environmentally-relevant exposure conditions, especially temperature, are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Shappell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
| | - D J Feifarek
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - D C Rearick
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - S E Bartell
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States; Normandale Community College, Bloomington, MN 55431, United States
| | - H L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States
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Feifarek DJ, Shappell NW, Schoenfuss HL. Do environmental factors affect male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) response to estrone? Part 1. Dissolved oxygen and sodium chloride. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1262-1270. [PMID: 28851146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory exposures indicate that estrogens and their mimics can cause endocrine disruption in male fishes, yet while studies of resident fish populations in estrogen-polluted waters support these findings, biomarker expression associated with field versus laboratory exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EDs) often differ dramatically. Two of the environmental parameters often found to vary in dynamic aquatic ecosystems were chosen (dissolved oxygen [DO] and sodium chloride concentrations) to assess their potential impact on ED exposure. In separate experiments, male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to estrone (E1) a natural ED, under either two concentrations of DO, or two concentrations of sodium chloride, in a laboratory flow-through system. Morphological and hematological parameters were assessed. While vitellogenin concentrations were elevated with exposure to estrone (29 to 390ng/L), the effect on other indices were variable. Estrone exposure altered SSC, blood glucose, hematocrit, and hepatic and gonado-somatic index in 1 of 4 experiments, while it decreased body condition factor in 3 of 4 experiments. At the concentrations tested, no main effect differences (P<0.05) were found associated with DO or sodium chloride treatments, except in one experiment low DO resulted in a decrease in secondary sex characteristic score (SSC). The combination of DO or sodium chloride and E1 altered blood glucose in one experiment each. These results indicate the variability of fathead minnow response to estrone, even within the confines of controlled laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Feifarek
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - N W Shappell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102, United States.
| | - H L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St Cloud, MN 56301, United States
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Kohno S, Katsu Y, Cipoletti N, Wang LC, Jorgenson ZG, Miyagawa S, Schoenfuss HL. Divergent responsiveness of two isoforms of the estrogen receptor to mixtures of contaminants of emerging concern in four vertebrates. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:705-713. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kohno
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory; St. Cloud State University; St. Cloud MN USA
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Nicholas Cipoletti
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory; St. Cloud State University; St. Cloud MN USA
| | - Lina C. Wang
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory; St. Cloud State University; St. Cloud MN USA
| | | | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Institute of Advanced Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
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Gibson-Reinemer DK, Sparks RE, Parker JL, DeBoer JA, Fritts MW, McClelland MA, Chick JH, Casper AF. Ecological Recovery of a River Fish Assemblage following the Implementation of the Clean Water Act. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Elliott SM, Brigham ME, Lee KE, Banda JA, Choy SJ, Gefell DJ, Minarik TA, Moore JN, Jorgenson ZG. Contaminants of emerging concern in tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes: I. Patterns of occurrence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182868. [PMID: 28953889 PMCID: PMC5617142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities introduce a variety of chemicals to the Laurentian Great Lakes including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, plasticizers, and solvents (collectively referred to as contaminants of emerging concern or CECs) potentially threatening the vitality of these valuable ecosystems. We conducted a basin-wide study to identify the presence of CECs and other chemicals of interest in 12 U.S. tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes during 2013 and 2014. A total of 292 surface-water and 80 sediment samples were collected and analyzed for approximately 200 chemicals. A total of 32 and 28 chemicals were detected in at least 30% of water and sediment samples, respectively. Concentrations ranged from 0.0284 (indole) to 72.2 (cholesterol) μg/L in water and 1.75 (diphenhydramine) to 20,800 μg/kg (fluoranthene) in sediment. Cluster analyses revealed chemicals that frequently co-occurred such as pharmaceuticals and flame retardants at sites receiving similar inputs such as wastewater treatment plant effluent. Comparison of environmental concentrations to water and sediment-quality benchmarks revealed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations often exceeded benchmarks in both water and sediment. Additionally, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dichlorvos concentrations exceeded water-quality benchmarks in several rivers. Results from this study can be used to understand organism exposure, prioritize river basins for future management efforts, and guide detailed assessments of factors influencing transport and fate of CECs in the Great Lakes Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark E. Brigham
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kathy E. Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jo A. Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Minarik
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N. Moore
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chubbuck, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Zachary G. Jorgenson
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington, Minnesota, United States of America
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Thomas LM, Jorgenson ZG, Brigham ME, Choy SJ, Moore JN, Banda JA, Gefell DJ, Minarik TA, Schoenfuss HL. Contaminants of emerging concern in tributaries to the Laurentian Great Lakes: II. Biological consequences of exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184725. [PMID: 28953953 PMCID: PMC5617166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes contain one fifth of the world's surface freshwater and have been impacted by human activity since the Industrial Revolution. In addition to legacy contaminants, nitrification and invasive species, this aquatic ecosystem is also the recipient of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) with poorly understood biological consequences. In the current study, we documented the presence, concentrations, and biological effects of CECs across 27 field sites in six Great Lakes tributaries by examining over 2250 resident and caged sunfish (Lepomis ssp.) for a variety of morphological and physiological endpoints and related these results to CEC occurrence. CEC were ubiquitous across studies sites and their presence and concentrations in water and sediment were highest in effluent dominated rivers and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges. However, even putative upstream reference sites were not free of CEC presence and fish at these sites exhibited biological effects consistent with CEC exposure. Only the Fox River exhibited consistent adverse biological effects, including increased relative liver size, greater prominence of hepatocyte vacuoles and increased plasma glucose concentrations. Canonical Redundancy Analysis revealed consistent patterns of biological consequences of CEC exposure across all six tributaries. Increasing plasma glucose concentrations, likely as a result of pollutant-induced metabolic stress, were associated with increased relative liver size and greater prominence of hepatocyte vacuoles. These indicators of pollutant exposure were inversely correlated with indicators of reproductive potential including smaller gonad size and less mature gametes. The current study highlights the need for greater integration of chemical and biological studies and suggests that CECs in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin may adversely affect the reproductive potential of exposed fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea M. Thomas
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zachary G. Jorgenson
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bloomington, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Brigham
- U.S. Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N. Moore
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jo A. Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cortland, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Minarik
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Cicero, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heiko L. Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America
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Weber AA, Moreira DP, Melo RMC, Vieira ABC, Prado PS, da Silva MAN, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Reproductive effects of oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in Astyanax rivularis inhabiting headwaters of the Velhas River, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:693-703. [PMID: 28341464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Velhas River is the most polluted river in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. Due to its historical and environmental relevance, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oestrogenic endocrine disruptors on the reproduction of the lambari Astyanax rivularis, a small-sized species found in headwaters of the São Francisco River basin. Quarterly field samplings were carried out during a reproductive cycle in three streams of the upper Velhas River: S1 (reference site) and S2 and S3 (sites contaminated by untreated sewage). The main oestrogenic compounds were evaluated in water using HPLC/MS. Molecular, histological and reproductive biomarkers were assessed in liver and gonad. The results showed higher average concentrations of oestradiol (>200ng/l) in S2 and S3, oestrone (>250ng/l) in S2 as well as oestriol (>200ng/l), bisphenol A (>190ng/l), and nonylphenol (>600ng/l) in S3 compared to S1 (<70ng/l for all compounds). In S2 and S3, there was an increase in the proportion of females, higher ELISA levels of vitellogenin (Vtg) and proteins of the zona radiata (Zrp) in liver males. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) levels were lower in S2 males, which also had a smaller body size, a smaller seminiferous tubule diameter, a higher proportion of spermatogonia, and lower proportion of spermatozoa in relation to S1. Histopathological analyses detected an increase in yolk deficient oocytes and over-ripening in the contaminated sites, and these alterations were associated to a reduction of hepatic Vtg levels and a delay in spawning, respectively. Intersex specimens with perinucleolar follicles in a multifocal distribution in the testis were detected in S2 and S3. These results indicate that chronic exposure to oestrogenic compounds induced endocrine disruption that may affect wild populations of A. rivularis in the Velhas River.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Augusto Bicalho Cruz Vieira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Suzanna Prado
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mirra Angelina Neres da Silva
- Departamento of Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte 30535-610, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C.P. 486, 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Fritts MW, Deboer JA, Fritts AK, Kellock KA, Bringolf RB, Casper AF. Survey of Intersex Occurrence in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Upper Illinois River Waterway. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-176.1.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Schoenfuss HL, Furlong ET, Phillips PJ, Scott TM, Kolpin DW, Cetkovic-Cvrlje M, Lesteberg KE, Rearick DC. Complex mixtures, complex responses: Assessing pharmaceutical mixtures using field and laboratory approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:953-65. [PMID: 26561986 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are present in low concentrations (<100 ng/L) in most municipal wastewater effluents but may be elevated locally because of factors such as input from pharmaceutical formulation facilities. Using existing concentration data, the authors assessed pharmaceuticals in laboratory exposures of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and added environmental complexity through effluent exposures. In the laboratory, larval and mature minnows were exposed to a simple opioid mixture (hydrocodone, methadone, and oxycodone), an opioid agonist (tramadol), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), a simple antidepressant mixture (fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine), a sleep aid (temazepam), or a complex mixture of all compounds. Larval minnow response to effluent exposure was not consistent. The 2010 exposures resulted in shorter exposed minnow larvae, whereas the larvae exposed in 2012 exhibited altered escape behavior. Mature minnows exhibited altered hepatosomatic indices, with the strongest effects in females and in mixture exposures. In addition, laboratory-exposed, mature male minnows exposed to all pharmaceuticals (except the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor mixture) defended nest sites less rigorously than fish in the control group. Tramadol or antidepressant mixture exposure resulted in increased splenic T lymphocytes. Only male minnows exposed to whole effluent responded with increased plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Female minnows exposed to pharmaceuticals (except the opioid mixture) had larger livers, likely as a compensatory result of greater prominence of vacuoles in liver hepatocytes. The observed alteration of apical endpoints central to sustaining fish populations confirms that effluents containing waste streams from pharmaceutical formulation facilities can adversely impact fish populations but that the effects may not be temporally consistent. The present study highlights the importance of including diverse biological endpoints spanning levels of biological organization and life stages when assessing contaminant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edward T Furlong
- National Water Quality Laboratory, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Pat J Phillips
- New York Science Center, US Geological Survey, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Tia-Marie Scott
- New York Science Center, US Geological Survey, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- Iowa Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Kelsey E Lesteberg
- Laboratory for Immunology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C Rearick
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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29
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Oxidation of diatrizoate in aqueous phase by advanced oxidation processes based on solar radiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Upadhyay P, Maier C. Effects of 17<i>β</i>-Estradiol on Growth, Primary Metabolism, Phenylpropanoid-Flavonoid Pathways and Pathogen Resistance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2016.713160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Pope ND, Childs K, Dang C, Davey MS, O'Hara SCM, Langston K, Minier C, Pascoe PL, Shortridge E, Langston WJ. Intersex in the clam Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa): Widespread occurrence in English Channel estuaries and surrounding areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:598-609. [PMID: 25837773 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine clams Scrobicularia plana were sampled from 108 intertidal locations around the English Channel and adjacent areas. Although S. plana is believed to be a strict gonochorist, 58% of the populations sampled included intersexed individuals (described as male clams exhibiting ovotestis). Over the entire region, on average, 8.6% of male clams exhibited intersex, although proportions of affected males ranged from 0% to 53% depending on location. The severity of intersex was assessed using a simple classification scale, with the majority of individuals showing low levels of impact. Sex ratios were significantly skewed at some sites. There were no significant relationships between incidence or severity of intersex; or with size or parasitism of individual clams. Intersex in S. plana is a useful tool to assess endocrine disruptive effects in estuaries, although mechanisms of impact and causative agents remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Pope
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - K Childs
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - C Dang
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Universite du Havre, BP540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| | - M S Davey
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - S C M O'Hara
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - K Langston
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - C Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Universite du Havre, BP540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| | - P L Pascoe
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - E Shortridge
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - W J Langston
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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Barber LB, Loyo-Rosales JE, Rice CP, Minarik TA, Oskouie AK. Endocrine disrupting alkylphenolic chemicals and other contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents, urban streams, and fish in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 517:195-206. [PMID: 25727675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban streams are an integral part of the municipal water cycle and provide a point of discharge for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, allowing additional attenuation through dilution and transformation processes, as well as a conduit for transporting contaminants to downstream water supplies. Domestic and commercial activities dispose of wastes down-the-drain, resulting in wastewater containing complex chemical mixtures that are only partially removed during treatment. A key issue associated with WWTP effluent discharge into streams is the potential to cause endocrine disruption in fish. This study provides a long-term (1999-2009) evaluation of the occurrence of alkylphenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other contaminants discharged from WWTPs into streams in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River Regions (Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio). The Greater Metropolitan Chicago Area Waterways, Illinois, were evaluated to determine contaminant concentrations in the major WWTP effluents and receiving streams, and assess the behavior of EDCs from their sources within the sewer collection system, through the major treatment unit processes at a WWTP, to their persistence and transport in the receiving stream. Water samples were analyzed for alkylphenolic EDCs and other contaminants, including 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPEO), 4-nonylphenolethoxycarboxylic acids (NPEC), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-tert-octylphenolpolyethoxylates (OPEO), bisphenol A, triclosan, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and trace elements. All of the compounds were detected in all of the WWTP effluents, with EDTA and NPEC having the greatest concentrations. The compounds also were detected in the WWTP effluent dominated rivers. Multiple fish species were collected from river and lake sites and analyzed for NP, NPEO, NPEC, OP, and OPEO. Whole-body fish tissue analysis indicated widespread occurrence of alkylphenolic compounds, with the highest concentrations occurring in streams with the greatest WWTP effluent content. Biomarkers of endocrine disruption in the fish indicated long-term exposure to estrogenic chemicals in the wastewater impacted urban waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry B Barber
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Jorge E Loyo-Rosales
- Ryerson University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Clifford P Rice
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Environmental Management and Byproducts Utilization Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Thomas A Minarik
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 West Pershing Road, Cicero, IL 60804, USA
| | - Ali K Oskouie
- Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, 6001 West Pershing Road, Cicero, IL 60804, USA; Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Nie M, Yan C, Dong W, Liu M, Zhou J, Yang Y. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of estrogens in surface water, suspended particulate matter, and sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:109-116. [PMID: 25676496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of six selected estrogen compounds were investigated in samples of surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment in the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal areas over four seasons. With the exception of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), all estrogens were detected at least once in all three phases with bisphenol A (BPA) and estriol (E3) as the dominant estrogens in all phases. EE2 was not detected in any surface water samples. In addition, the highest total estrogen concentrations were found in January in all phases, which could be due to the low flow conditions and temperature during this season. A significant positive correlation was found between total estrogen concentrations and organic carbon (OC) contents, both in the water phase and solid phase (i.e. SPM and sediment), indicating the vital role played by OC. Based on a yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay, the higher estrogenic risk was found in the SPM and sediment phase when compared to the water phase. These results were confirmed by a risk assessment which revealed that the Yangtze Estuary was displayed a low to high risk over the seasons for all selected estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Jeffrey JD, Hasler CT, Chapman JM, Cooke SJ, Suski CD. Linking Landscape-Scale Disturbances to Stress and Condition of Fish: Implications for Restoration and Conservation. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:618-30. [PMID: 25931612 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have dramatically altered landscapes as a result of urban and agricultural development, which has led to decreases in the quality and quantity of habitats for animals. This is particularly the case for freshwater fish that reside in fluvial systems, given that changes to adjacent lands have direct impacts on the structure and function of watersheds. Because choices of habitat have physiological consequences for organisms, animals that occupy sub-optimal habitats may experience increased expenditure of energy or homeostatic overload that can cause negative outcomes for individuals and populations. With the imperiled and threatened status of many freshwater fish, there is a critical need to define relationships between land use, quality of the habitat, and physiological performance for resident fish as an aid to restoration and management. Here, we synthesize existing literature to relate variation in land use at the scale of watersheds to the physiological status of resident fish. This examination revealed that landscape-level disturbances can influence a host of physiological properties of resident fishes, ranging from cellular and genomic levels to the hormonal and whole-animal levels. More importantly, these physiological responses have been integrated into traditional field-based monitoring protocols to provide a mechanistic understanding of how organisms interact with their environment, and to enhance restoration. We also generated a conceptual model that provides a basis for relating landscape-level changes to physiological responses in fish. We conclude that physiological sampling of resident fish has the potential to assess the effects of landscape-scale disturbances on freshwater fish and to enhance restoration and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Jeffrey
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Caleb T Hasler
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Jacqueline M Chapman
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Steven J Cooke
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Cory D Suski
- *Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, W-503 Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6; Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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Jorgenson ZG, Buhl K, Bartell SE, Schoenfuss HL. Do laboratory species protect endangered species? Interspecies variation in responses to 17β-estradiol, a model endocrine active compound. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:204-215. [PMID: 25164071 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of estrogens on model laboratory species are well documented, their utility as surrogates for other species, including those listed as endangered, are less clear. Traditionally, conservation policies are evaluated based on model organism responses but are intended to protect all species in an environment. We tested the hypothesis that the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) is more vulnerable to endocrine disruption-as assessed through its larval predator-escape performance, survival, juvenile sex ratios, and whole-body vitellogenin concentration-than the commonly used toxicological model species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Fish were exposed concurrently for 21 days to the model endocrine active compound (EAC) 17ß-estradiol (E2) at 10 ng E2/L and 30 ng E2/L in a flow-through system using reconstituted water that simulated the physicochemical conditions of the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico, USA. No significant differences were observed between the fathead and silvery minnow in larval predator-escape response or juvenile sex ratio. Rio Grande silvery minnow survival decreased significantly at day 14 compared with the other two species; by day 21, both cyprinid species (silvery minnow and fathead minnow) exhibited a significant decrease in survival compared with bluegill sunfish, a member of the family Centrarchidae. Male Rio Grande silvery minnow showed a significant increase in whole-body vitellogenin concentration in the 10 ng/L treatment, whereas fathead minnow and bluegill sunfish showed no significant increases in vitellogenin concentrations across treatments. Our study showed response differences to estrogen exposures between the two cyprinid species and further divergence in responses between the families Cyprinidae and Centrarchidae. These results suggest that commonly used laboratory model organisms may be less sensitive to EACs than the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow. However, this study supports the continued use of surrogate species for the beneficial implementation of water-quality regulations for the protection of threatened and endangered species if phylogenetic relationships are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Jorgenson
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, WSB-273, 270 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
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Zhang X, Ke S, Chen KH, Li JH, Ma L, Jiang XW. Diethylstilbestrol affects the expression of GPER in the gubernaculum testis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7217-22. [PMID: 26261617 PMCID: PMC4525951 DOI: pmid/26261617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggested a positive correlation between environmental estrogens (EEs) and high incidence of abnormalities in male urogenital system. EEs are known to cause the abnormalities of testes development and testicular descent. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen that disrupts the morphology and proliferation of gubernacular cells, and its nongenomic effects on gubernaculum testis cells may be mediated by G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In this study, we detected the expression of GPER in mouse gubernacular testis and investigated the effects of DES on the expression of GPER in gubernaculum testis cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that GPER mRNA was expressed in the gubernaculum. GPER protein was detected in the parenchymal cells of the gubernaculum early in development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GPER inhibitor G15 relieved DES-induced inhibition of GPER expression in gubernaculum testis cell, but ER inhibitor ICI 182780 had the converse effects on DES-induced inhibition of GPER expression in these cells. These data suggest that the effects of DES on mouse gubernaculum testis cells are mediated at least partially by the regulation of GPER expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical CollegeShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Ke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Wu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, China
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Schubert S, Peter A, Schönenberger R, Suter MJF, Segner H, Burkhardt-Holm P. Transient exposure to environmental estrogen affects embryonic development of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 157:141-149. [PMID: 25456228 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transient exposure of brown trout embryos from fertilization until hatch (70 days) to 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated. Embryos were exposed to 3.8 and 38.0 ng/L E2 for 2h, respectively, under four scenarios: (A) exposure once at the day of fertilization (0 days post-fertilization, dpf), (B) once at eyeing stage (38 dpf), (C) weekly exposure until hatch or (D) bi-weekly exposure until hatch. Endpoints to assess estrogen impact on embryo development were fertilization success, chronological sequence of developmental events, hatching process, larval malformations, heart rate, body length and mortality. Concentration-dependent acceleration of development until median hatch was observed in all exposure scenarios with the strongest effect observed for embryos exposed once at 0 dpf. In addition, the hatching period was significantly prolonged by 4-5 days in groups receiving single estrogen exposures (scenarios A and B). Heart rate on hatching day was significantly depressed with increasing E2 concentrations, with the strongest effect observed for embryos exposed at eyeing stage. Estrogenic exposure at 0 dpf significantly reduced body length at hatch, not depending on whether this was a single exposure or the first of a series (scenarios A and D). The key finding is that even a single, transient E2 exposure during embryogenesis had significant effects on brown trout development. Median hatch, hatching period, heart rate and body length at hatch were found to be highly sensitive biomarkers responsive to estrogenic exposure during embryogenesis. Treatment effects were observable only at the post-hatch stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schubert
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Germany.
| | - Armin Peter
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Maradonna F, Nozzi V, Dalla Valle L, Traversi I, Gioacchini G, Benato F, Colletti E, Gallo P, Di Marco Pisciottano I, Mita DG, Hardiman G, Mandich A, Carnevali O. A developmental hepatotoxicity study of dietary bisphenol A in Sparus aurata juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:1-13. [PMID: 24981242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in rats have indicated that a diet enriched with Bisphenol A adversely effects metabolism and reproductive success. In rats exposed to BPA by maternal gavage, alteration in the developmental programming, higher obesity rates and reproductive anomalies were induced. Starting with this evidence, the aim of this study was to provide important insights on the effects induced by a BPA enriched diet, on the reproductive physiology and metabolism of juvenile fish, simulating the scenario occurring when wild fish fed on prey contaminated with environmental BPA. Seabream was chosen as model, as it is one of the primary commercial species valued by consumers and these results could provide important findings on adverse effects that could be passed on to humans by eating contaminated fish. A novel method for measuring BPA in the food and water by affinity chromatography was developed. Analysis of signals involved in reproduction uncovered altered levels of vtg and Zp, clearly indicating the estrogenic effect of BPA. Similarly, BPA up-regulated catd and era gene expression. A noteworthy outcome from this study was the full length cloning of two vtg encoding proteins, namely vtgA and vtgB, which are differently modulated by BPA. Cyp1a1 and EROD activity were significantly downregulated, confirming the ability of estrogenic compounds to inhibit the detoxification process. GST activity was unaffected by BPA contamination, while CAT activity was down regulated. These results collectively confirm the estrogenic effect of BPA and provide additional characterization of novel vtg genes in Sparus aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Nozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Traversi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Benato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Colletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | | | - Damiano G Mita
- INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Computational Science Research Center Biomedical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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Baker BH, Martinovic-Weigelt D, Ferrey M, Barber LB, Writer JH, Rosenberry DO, Kiesling RL, Lundy JR, Schoenfuss HL. Identifying non-point sources of endocrine active compounds and their biological impacts in freshwater lakes. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:374-388. [PMID: 24974177 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern, particularly endocrine active compounds (EACs), have been identified as a threat to aquatic wildlife. However, little is known about the impact of EACs on lakes through groundwater from onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS). This study aims to identify specific contributions of OWTS to Sullivan Lake, Minnesota, USA. Lake hydrology, water chemistry, caged bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), and larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposures were used to assess whether EACs entered the lake through OWTS inflow and the resultant biological impact on fish. Study areas included two OWTS-influenced near-shore sites with native bluegill spawning habitats and two in-lake control sites without nearby EAC sources. Caged bluegill sunfish were analyzed for plasma vitellogenin concentrations, organosomatic indices, and histological pathologies. Surface and porewater was collected from each site and analyzed for EACs. Porewater was also collected for laboratory exposure of larval fathead minnow, before analysis of predator escape performance and gene expression profiles. Chemical analysis showed EACs present at low concentrations at each study site, whereas discrete variations were reported between sites and between summer and fall samplings. Body condition index and liver vacuolization of sunfish were found to differ among study sites as did gene expression in exposed larval fathead minnows. Interestingly, biological exposure data and water chemistry did not match. Therefore, although results highlight the potential impacts of seepage from OWTS, further investigation of mixture effects and life history factor as well as chemical fate is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Baker
- St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA,
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Martinovic-Weigelt D, Minarik TA, Curran EM, Marchuk JS, Pazderka MJ, Smith EA, Goldenstein RL, Miresse CL, Matlon TJ, Schultz MM, Schoenfuss HL. Environmental estrogens in an urban aquatic ecosystem: I. Spatial and temporal occurrence of estrogenic activity in effluent-dominated systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 61:127-137. [PMID: 24161360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated occurrence of environmental estrogens (EEs) in waterways managed by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ('District') - one of the largest and most complex water districts in the United States. The objectives of the study were: (i) to document spatial and temporal occurrence of EEs in the Chicago Area Waterways (CAWs); (ii) to determine whether water reclamation plant (WRP) effluents contribute to estrogenic pollution of the receiving streams; (iii) to determine whether the mandated water quality monitoring data could be used to predict estrogenic pollution in the receiving streams; and (iv) to determine whether snow melt, storm runoff and combined sewer overflows may also be contributors of estrogenic activity to these systems. The estrogenic potency of the waterways was assessed using a cell-based reporter gene assay. The water quality data was readily available as part of the District's regular monitoring program. Our findings indicate that EEs are commonly found in the CAWs, and that WRP effluents are one of, but not the only important contributor to estrogenic activity. Mean estrogenic activities in CAWs (11ng estradiol equivalents (EEQs/L)) are well within the values reported for other urban areas and WRP effluents. The estrogenic activity exhibited significant seasonal variation with highest values noted during the spring and summer months. When comparing the mean estrogenic activity of general use waters, secondary contact waters and WRP effluents, we found that general use waters had significantly lower estrogenic activity (ca 5ng EEQ/L) than the other two matrices (ca 15 and 17ng EEQ/L respectively). Our analyses indicate that estrogenic activity of the waterways was not reliably associated with mandated water quality parameters, and that such measurements may not be useful for predicting estrogenic activity, especially so in the complex urban systems. One of the prominent findings of this study is that EEs do not follow predictable spatial patterns - many of the upstream sites in the heavily urbanized areas had levels of estrogenic activity comparable to those found in the effluents and downstream locations. Our data suggest that surface runoff and snow melt are estrogenic (0-9ng EEQ/L), and given that their estrogenic activities are similar to those of their receiving waterways (0-7ng EEQ/L), we conclude that these non-WRP sources are important contributors to estrogenic activity of the CAWs.
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