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Borlaza-Lacoste L, Mardoñez V, Marsal A, Hough I, Dinh VNT, Dominutti P, Jaffrezo JL, Alastuey A, Besombes JL, Močnik G, Moreno I, Velarde F, Gardon J, Cornejo A, Andrade M, Laj P, Uzu G. Oxidative potential of particulate matter and its association to respiratory health endpoints in high-altitude cities in Bolivia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119179. [PMID: 38768882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant health risk, driving the search for innovative metrics that more accurately reflect the potential harm to human health. Among these, oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as a promising health-based metric, yet its application and relevance across different environments remain to be further explored. This study, set in two high-altitude Bolivian cities, aims to identify the most significant sources of PM-induced oxidation in the lungs and assess the utility of OP in assessing PM health impacts. Utilizing two distinct assays, OPDTT and OPDCFH, we measured the OP of PM samples, while also examining the associations between PM mass, OP, and black carbon (BC) concentrations with hospital visits for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and pneumonia over a range of exposure lags (0-2 weeks) using a Poisson regression model adjusted for meteorological conditions. The analysis also leveraged Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to link these health outcomes to specific PM sources, building on a prior source apportionment study utilizing the same dataset. Our findings highlight anthropogenic combustion, particularly from traffic and biomass burning, as the primary contributors to OP in these urban sites. Significant correlations were observed between both OPDTT and PM2.5 concentration exposure and ARI hospital visits, alongside a notable association with pneumonia cases and OPDTT levels. Furthermore, PMF analysis demonstrated a clear link between traffic-related pollution and increased hospital admissions for respiratory issues, affirming the health impact of these sources. These results underscore the potential of OPDTT as a valuable metric for assessing the health risks associated with acute PM exposure, showcasing its broader application in environmental health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Borlaza-Lacoste
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Mardoñez
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Anouk Marsal
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Vy Ngoc Thuy Dinh
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Pamela Dominutti
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Besombes
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM (UMR 5204), Chambéry, 73000, France
| | - Griša Močnik
- Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, 5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia; Haze Instruments d.o.o., 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Fernando Velarde
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jacques Gardon
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Cornejo
- Viceministerio de Promoción, Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Medicina Tradicional (VPVEyMT), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratorio de Física de la Atmósfera, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Laj
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- Institute des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France.
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Bredeck G, Dos S Souza EJ, Wigmann C, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. The influence of long-range transported Saharan dust on the inflammatory potency of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119008. [PMID: 38663670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Although desert dust promotes morbidity and mortality, it is exempt from regulations. Its health effects have been related to its inflammatory properties, which can vary between source regions. It remains unclear which constituents cause this variability. Moreover, whether long-range transported desert dust potentiates the hazardousness of local particulate matter (PM) is still unresolved. We aimed to assess the influence of long-range transported desert dust on the inflammatory potency of PM2.5 and PM10 collected in Cape Verde and to examine associated constituents. During a reference period and two Saharan dust events, 63 PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at four sampling stations. The content of water-soluble ions, elements, and organic and elemental carbon was measured in all samples and endotoxins in PM10 samples. The PM-induced release of inflammatory cytokines from differentiated THP-1 macrophages was evaluated. The association of interleukin (IL)-1β release with PM composition was assessed using principal component (PC) regressions. PM2.5 from both dust events and PM10 from one event caused higher IL-1β release than PM from the reference period. PC regressions indicated an inverse relation of IL-1β release with sea spray ions in both size fractions and organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5. The PC with the higher regression coefficient suggested that iron and manganese may contribute to PM2.5-induced IL-1β release. Only during the reference period, endotoxin content strongly differed between sampling stations and correlated with inflammatory potency. Our results demonstrate that long-range transported desert dust amplifies the hazardousness of local air pollution and suggest that, in PM2.5, iron and manganese may be important. Our data indicate that endotoxins are contained in local and long-range transported PM10 but only explain the variability in inflammatory potency of local PM10. The increasing inflammatory potency of respirable and inhalable PM from desert dust events warrants regulatory measures and risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany
| | - Eduardo J Dos S Souza
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany.
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Miller MR, Landrigan PJ, Arora M, Newby DE, Münzel T, Kovacic JC. Environmentally Not So Friendly: Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Wildfires: JACC Focus Seminar, Part 1. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2291-2307. [PMID: 38839204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are increasingly recognized as significant risk factors for adverse health outcomes. In particular, various forms of pollution and climate change are playing a growing role in promoting noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. Given recent trends, global warming and air pollution are now associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a vicious cycle, global warming increases the occurrence, size, and severity of wildfires, which are significant sources of airborne particulate matter. Exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with cardiovascular disease, and these effects are underpinned by mechanisms that include oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired cardiac function, and proatherosclerotic effects in the circulation. In the first part of a 2-part series on pollution and cardiovascular disease, this review provides an overview of the impact of global warming and air pollution, and because of recent events and emerging trends specific attention is paid to air pollution caused by wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip J Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Scientific Center of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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4
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Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, Alahmad B, Mmbaga BT, Masenga GG, Sampath V, Christiani DC, Haahtela T, Renz H. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1194-1205. [PMID: 38309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss significantly disrupt the functioning of the human immune system. These exposures manifest in a broad range of stimuli, including antigens, allergens, heat stress, pollutants, microbiota changes, and other toxic substances. Such exposures pose a direct and indirect threat to our body's primary line of defense, the epithelial barrier, affecting its physical integrity and functional efficacy. Furthermore, these climate-related environmental stressors can hyperstimulate the innate immune system and influence adaptive immunity-notably, in terms of developing and preserving immune tolerance. The loss or failure of immune tolerance can instigate a wide spectrum of noncommunicable diseases such as autoimmune conditions, allergy, respiratory illnesses, metabolic diseases, obesity, and others. As new evidence unfolds, there is a need for additional research in climate change and immunology that covers diverse environments in different global settings and uses modern biologic and epidemiologic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard G Masenga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Sun N, Wu L, Zheng F, Liang D, Qi F, Song S, Peng J, Zhang Y, Mao H. Atmospheric environment characteristic of severe dust storms and its impact on sulfate formation in downstream city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171128. [PMID: 38395168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigated the impact of dust storms (DSs) on downstream cities, by selecting representative DS events. In this paper, we discussed the characteristics of meteorological conditions, air pollutants, PM2.5 components, and their influence on sulfate formation mechanisms. During DSs, strong winds, reaching speeds of up to 10 m/s, led to significant increases in PM10 and PM2.5, with maximum concentrations of 2684.5 and 429 μg/m3, respectively. Primary gaseous pollutants experienced substantial reductions, with decline rates of 48.1, 34.9, 36.8, and 9.0 % for SO2, NO2, NH3, and CO, respectively. Despite a notable increase in PM2.5 concentrations, only 7.6 % of the total mass of PM2.5 was attributed to ionic and carbonaceous components, a much lower value than observed before the DSs (77.3 %). Concentrations of Fe, Ti, and Mn exhibited increases by factors of 6.5-14.1, 10.4-17.0, and 1.6-4.7, respectively. In contrast to the significant decrease of >76.2 % in nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR), sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) remained at a relatively high level, displaying a strong positive correlation with high concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Ti. Quantitative analysis revealed an average increase of 0.187 and 0.045 μg/m3 in sulfate from natural sources and heterogeneous generation, respectively. The heterogeneous reaction on mineral dust was closely linked to atmospheric humidity, radiation intensity, the form of metal existence, and concentrations of it. High concentrations of titanium dioxide and iron‑manganese oxides in mineral dust promoted heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 through photocatalysis during the daytime and metal ion catalysis during the nighttime. This study establishes that the metal components in mineral dust promote heterogeneous sulfate formation, quantifies the yield of sulfate generated as a result, and provides possible mechanisms for heterogeneous sulfate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixiu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Fangyuan Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Danni Liang
- Tianjin Shuangyun Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - FuYuan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Barouki R. A toxicological perspective on climate change and the exposome. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1361274. [PMID: 38651121 PMCID: PMC11033471 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1361274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is accompanied by changes in the exposome, including increased heat, ground-level ozone, and other air pollutants, infectious agents, pollens, and psychosocial stress. These exposures alter the internal component of the exposome and account for some of the health effects of climate change. The adverse outcome pathways describe biological events leading to an unfavorable health outcome. In this perspective study, I propose to use this toxicological framework to better describe the biological steps linking a stressor associated with climate change to an adverse outcome. Such a framework also allows for better identification of possible interactions between stressors related to climate change and others, such as chemical pollution. More generally, I call for the incorporation of climate change as part of the exposome and for improved identification of the biological pathways involved in its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U 1124 (T3S), Paris, France
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7
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Bredeck G, Dobner J, Rossi A, Schins RPF. Saharan dust induces the lung disease-related cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108580. [PMID: 38507932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Desert dust exposure is associated with adverse respiratory health effects. Desert dust is a complex pollutant mixtures that includes respirable crystalline and amorphous particles, metals, and microbial constituents. Given the health effects of desert dust and its heterogeneity, as yet unidentified harmful biological pathways may be triggered. Therefore, we exposed human in vitro air-liquid interface co-cultures of alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 macrophages to Saharan dust (SD). For comparison, we used the known pulmonary toxicant DQ12 quartz dust. Via RNA sequencing, we identified that SD but not DQ12 increased the gene expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). These findings were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. SD dose-dependently upregulated GMCSF and GCSF expression with significant 7 and 9-fold changes, respectively, at the highest tested concentration of 31 µg/cm2. Furthermore, we observed that SD significantly enhanced the secretion of GM-CSF and G-CSF by 2-fold. Both cytokines have previously been associated with lung diseases such as asthma and fibrosis. Hence, we present two molecular messengers that may contribute to the adverse health effects of desert dust and might serve as drug targets for this globally relevant non-anthropogenic air pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jochen Dobner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Gandhi D, Bhandari S, Mishra S, Rudrashetti AP, Vetrivel U, Thimmulappa RK, Rajasekaran S. Forced expression of microRNA-221-3p exerts protective effects against manganese-induced cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116904. [PMID: 38503349 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn)-induced pulmonary toxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. Further, in recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as regulators of several pollutants-mediated toxicity. In this context, our study aimed at elucidating whether miRNAs are involved in manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2) (Mn2+)-induced cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells. Growth inhibition of Mn2+ towards normal human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells was analyzed by MTT assay following 24 or 48 h treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of cyclins, anti-oxidant genes, and miRNAs. We used small RNA sequencing to investigate Mn2+-induced changes in miRNA expression patterns. In both cell lines, Mn2+ treatment inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner. Further, compared with vehicle-treated cells, Mn2+ (250 μM) treatment induced ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and decreased ΔΨm as well as altered the expression of cyclins and anti-oxidant genes. Sequencing data revealed that totally 296 miRNAs were differentially expressed in Mn2+-treated cells. Among them, miR-221-3p was one of the topmost down-regulated miRNAs in Mn2+-treated cells. We further confirmed this association in A549 cells. In addition, transient transfection was performed to study gain-of-function experiments. Forced expression of miR-221-3p significantly improved cell viability and reduced Mn2+-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, miR-221-3p may be the most likely target that accounts for the cytotoxicity of Mn2+-exposed lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gandhi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Sneha Bhandari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Sehal Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Department of Virology and Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh K Thimmulappa
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education, Mysuru, India
| | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Division of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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9
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Sebastião BF, Hortelão RM, Granadas SS, Faria JM, Pinto JR, Henriques HR. Air quality self-management in asthmatic patients with COPD: An integrative review for developing nursing interventions to prevent exacerbations. Int J Nurs Sci 2024; 11:46-56. [PMID: 38352284 PMCID: PMC10859576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) patients experience a lower quality of life, frequent exacerbations, and worse pulmonary function. Environmental management is essential in a complex chronic condition, as pollutant exposure can worsen symptoms and increase morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify evidence that informs nursing interventions in promoting self-management of air quality in asthmatic people with COPD. Methods We conducted an integrative review in March of 2023. We searched the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Scopus, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-Based Practice Database, and Google Scholar. We included articles whose participants were adults with asthma, COPD, or both; the intervention was air quality management and the outcome of any exacerbations. We excluded editorials, letters, commentaries, opinion papers, position papers, study protocols, conference abstracts, and reviews. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, categorizing interventions according to nursing actions. Methodological quality assessment was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. The review protocol was registered at Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5Y4KW). Results We included five articles from different countries. The interventions promoting air quality self-management for individuals with asthma and COPD included vigilance interventions (health professional regular visits, assessment of symptoms), monitoring interventions (measurement of indoor and outdoor trigger factors), and educational interventions (air quality alerts, allergen avoidance). Policy interventions such as smoke-free policies and comprehensive strategies to improve air quality were also identified. These areas of focus represent critical components of nurses' interventions and can integrate the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Although the studies reveal heterogeneous interventions and the methodological quality is variable, these interventions showed potential for preventing exacerbations, reducing emergency department visits, and minimizing hospitalizations. Conclusions The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach involving nurses in multidisciplinary teams to air quality self-management. They can use these results to inform their interventions and ways of knowing, benefiting individuals with asthma and COPD. Further research is needed to expand the evidence base and refine these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F. Sebastião
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hospital Center of Central Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel M. Hortelão
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara S. Granadas
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- University Hospital Center of Northern Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M. Faria
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hospital Center of Central Lisbon, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana R. Pinto
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hospital Center of Central Lisbon, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helga Rafael Henriques
- Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Lisbon, Portugal
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Lim S, Said B, Zurba L, Mosler G, Addo-Yobo E, Adeyeye OO, Arhin B, Evangelopoulos D, Fapohunda VT, Fortune F, Griffiths CJ, Hlophe S, Kasekete M, Lowther S, Masekela R, Mkutumula E, Mmbaga BT, Mujuru HA, Nantanda R, Mzati Nkhalamba L, Ngocho JS, Ojo OT, Owusu SK, Shaibu S, Ticklay I, Grigg J, Barratt B. Characterising sources of PM 2·5 exposure for school children with asthma: a personal exposure study across six cities in sub-Saharan Africa. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:17-27. [PMID: 38000380 PMCID: PMC10716619 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is the second largest risk to health in Africa, and children with asthma are particularly susceptible to its effects. Yet, there is a scarcity of air pollution exposure data from cities in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify potential exposure reduction strategies for school children with asthma living in urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS This personal exposure study was part of the Achieving Control of Asthma in Children in Africa (ACACIA) project. Personal exposure to particulate matter (PM) was monitored in school children in six cities in sub-Saharan Africa (Blantyre, Malawi; Durban, South Africa; Harare, Zimbabwe; Kumasi, Ghana; Lagos, Nigeria; and Moshi, Tanzania). Participants were selected if they were aged 12-16 years and had symptoms of asthma. Monitoring was conducted between June 21, and Nov 26, 2021, from Monday morning (approximately 1000 h) to Friday morning (approximately 1000 h), by use of a bespoke backpack with a small air pollution monitoring unit with an inbuilt Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger. Children filled in a questionnaire detailing potential sources of air pollution during monitoring and exposures were tagged into three different microenvironments (school, commute, and home) with GPS coordinates. Mixed-effects models were used to identify the most important determinants of children's PM2·5 (PM <2·5 μm in diameter) exposure. FINDINGS 330 children were recruited across 43 schools; of these, 297 had valid monitoring data, and 1109 days of valid data were analysed. Only 227 (20%) of 1109 days monitored were lower than the current WHO 24 h PM2·5 exposure health guideline of 15 μg/m3. Children in Blantyre had the highest PM2·5 exposure (median 41·8 μg/m3), whereas children in Durban (16·0 μg/m3) and Kumasi (17·9 μg/m3) recorded the lowest exposures. Children had significantly higher PM2·5 exposures at school than at home in Kumasi (median 19·6 μg/m3vs 14·2 μg/m3), Lagos (32·0 μg/m3vs 18·0 μg/m3), and Moshi (33·1 μg/m3vs 23·6 μg/m3), while children in the other three cities monitored had significantly higher PM2·5 exposures at home and while commuting than at school (median 48·0 μg/m3 and 43·2 μg/m3vs 32·3 μg/m3 in Blantyre, 20·9 μg/m3 and 16·3 μg/m3vs 11·9 μg/m3 in Durban, and 22·7 μg/m3 and 25·4 μg/m3vs 16·4 μg/m3 in Harare). The mixed-effects model highlighted the following determinants for higher PM2·5 exposure: presence of smokers at home (23·0% higher exposure, 95% CI 10·8-36·4), use of coal or wood for cooking (27·1%, 3·9-56·3), and kerosene lamps for lighting (30·2%, 9·1-55·2). By contrast, 37·2% (95% CI 22·9-48·2) lower PM2·5 exposures were found for children who went to schools with paved grounds compared with those whose school grounds were covered with loose dirt. INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that the most effective changes to reduce PM2·5 exposures in these cities would be to provide paving in school grounds, increase the use of clean fuel for cooking and light in homes, and discourage smoking within homes. The most efficient way to improve air quality in these cities would require tailored interventions to prioritise different exposure-reduction policies in different cities. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Lim
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bibie Said
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Kibong'oto Infectious Disease Hospital, Hai, Tanzania
| | | | - Gioia Mosler
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Addo-Yobo
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olayinka Olufunke Adeyeye
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Dimitris Evangelopoulos
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Temitope Fapohunda
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Farida Fortune
- Centre for Oral immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chris J Griffiths
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sbekezelo Hlophe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Marian Kasekete
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Refiloe Masekela
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Blandina Theophil Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hilda Angela Mujuru
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Rebecca Nantanda
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala Uganda
| | | | - James S Ngocho
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Oluwafemi Tunde Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunshine Shaibu
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Ticklay
- University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR NPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Das S, McEwen A, Prospero J, Spalink D, Chellam S. Respirable Metals, Bacteria, and Fungi during a Saharan-Sahelian Dust Event in Houston, Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19942-19955. [PMID: 37943153 PMCID: PMC10862556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Although airborne bacteria and fungi can impact human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health, very few studies have investigated the possible impact of their long-range transport in the context of more commonly measured aerosol species, especially those present in an urban environment. We report first-of-kind simultaneous measurements of the elemental and microbial composition of North American respirable airborne particulate matter concurrent with a Saharan-Sahelian dust episode. Comprehensive taxonomic and phylogenetic profiles of microbial communities obtained by 16S/18S/ITS rDNA sequencing identified hundreds of bacteria and fungi, including several cataloged in the World Health Organization's lists of global priority human pathogens along with numerous other animal and plant pathogens and (poly)extremophiles. While elemental analysis sensitively tracked long-range transported Saharan dust and its mixing with locally emitted aerosols, microbial diversity, phylogeny, composition, and abundance did not well correlate with the apportioned African dust mass. Bacterial/fungal diversity, phylogenetic signal, and community turnover were strongly correlated to apportioned sources (especially vehicular emissions and construction activities) and elemental composition (especially calcium). Bacterial communities were substantially more dissimilar from each other across sampling days than were fungal communities. Generalized dissimilarity modeling revealed that daily compositional turnover in both communities was linked to calcium concentrations and aerosols from local vehicles and Saharan dust. Because African dust is known to impact large areas in northern South America, the Caribbean Basin, and the southern United States, the microbiological impacts of such long-range transport should be assessed in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alyvia McEwen
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joseph Prospero
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Daniel Spalink
- Department
of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Zhang C, Yan M, Du H, Ban J, Chen C, Liu Y, Li T. Mortality risks from a spectrum of causes associated with sand and dust storms in China. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6867. [PMID: 37891159 PMCID: PMC10611721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) pose considerable health risks worldwide. Previous studies only indicated risk of SDS on overall mortality. This nationwide multicenter time-series study aimed to examine SDS-associated mortality risks extensively. We analyzed 1,495,724 deaths and 2024 SDS events from 1 February to 31 May (2013-2018) in 214 Chinese counties. The excess mortality risks associated with SDS were 7.49% (95% CI: 3.12-12.05%), 5.40% (1.25-9.73%), 4.05% (0.41-7.83%), 3.45% (0.34-6.66%), 3.37% (0.28-6.55%), 3.33% (0.07-6.70%), 8.90% (4.96-12.98%), 12.51% (6.31-19.08%), and 11.55% (5.55-17.89%) for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, hypertensive heart disease, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic heart disease, respiratory disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. SDS had significantly added effects on ischemic stroke, chronic lower respiratory disease, and COPD mortality. Our results suggest the need to implement public health policy against SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ban
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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13
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Bagon BB, Lee J, Matienzo ME, Lee SJ, Pak SW, Kim K, Lee J, Lee CM, Shin IS, Moon C, Park MJ, Kim DI. Cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis is impaired by exposure of Asian sand dust in mice. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103675. [PMID: 37517326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Desertification and desert sandstorms caused by the worsening global warming pose increasing risks to human health. In particular, Asian sand dust (ASD) exposure has been related to an increase in mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASD on metabolic tissues in comparison to diesel particulate matter (DPM) that is known to cause adverse health effects. We found that larger lipid droplets were accumulated in the brown adipose tissues (BAT) of ASD-administered but not DPM-administered mice. Thermogenic gene expression was decreased in these mice as well. When ASD-administered mice were exposed to the cold, they failed to maintain their body temperature, suggesting that the ASD administration had led to impairments in cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis. However, impaired thermogenesis was not observed in DPM-administered mice. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet that were chronically administered ASD demonstrated unexplained weight loss, indicating that chronic administration of ASD could be lethal in obese mice. We further identified that ASD-induced lung inflammation was not exacerbated in uncoupling protein 1 knockout mice, whose thermogenic capacity is impaired. Collectively, ASD exposure can impair cold-induced adaptive thermogenic responses in mice and increase the risk of mortality in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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14
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Nishita‐Hara C, Kobayashi H, Hara K, Hayashi M. Dithiothreitol-Measured Oxidative Potential of Reference Materials of Mineral Dust: Implications for the Toxicity of Mineral Dust Aerosols in the Atmosphere. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000736. [PMID: 37426691 PMCID: PMC10326488 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a mechanism that might raise the toxicity of mineral dust aerosols. We evaluated the oxidative potential (OP) of four reference materials (RMs) of mineral dusts using dithiothreitol assay. The OP of the water-soluble fraction of the dust RMs accounts for 40%-70% of the OP of the total fraction. The values of total and water-soluble OP normalized by the surface area of insoluble particles showed agreement among the different dust RMs. The surface area of insoluble dust particles was therefore inferred as an important factor affecting the OP of mineral dust. Using the relation between total OP and the surface area of insoluble particles of the dust RMs, we estimated the total OPs of fine and coarse atmospheric mineral dust aerosols assuming a typical particle size distribution of Asian dust aerosols observed in Japan. Mass-normalized total OPs were estimated at 44 and 23 pmol min-1 μg-1 for fine and coarse atmospheric mineral dust particles. They closely approximate the values observed for urban aerosols in Japan, which suggests that mineral dust plume advection can lead to a marked increase in human exposure to redox-active aerosols, even far downwind from mineral dust source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishita‐Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Division of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of YamanashiKofuJapan
| | - Keiichiro Hara
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Earth System ScienceFaculty of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Fukuoka Institute for Atmospheric Environment and HealthFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Earth System ScienceFaculty of ScienceFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
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15
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Liu T, Duan F, Ma Y, Ma T, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Li F, Huang T, Kimoto T, Zhang Q, He K. Classification and sources of extremely severe sandstorms mixed with haze pollution in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121154. [PMID: 36736562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air quality has significantly improved in China; however, new challenges emerge when dust weather is combined with haze pollution during spring in northern China. On March 15, 2021, an extremely severe sandstorm occurred in Beijing, with hourly maximum PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations reaching 5267.7 μg m-3 and 963.9 μg m-3, respectively. Continuous sandstorm events usually lead to complicated pollution status in spring. Three pollution types were identified disregarding the time sequence throughout March. The secondary formation type was dominant, with high ratios of PM2.5/PM10 (mean 74%) and PM1/PM2.5 (mean 52%). This suggests that secondary transformations are the primary cause of heavy pollution, even during the dry seasons. Sandstorm type resulted in dramatic PM10 levels, with a noticeable decrease in PM2.5/PM10 levels (27%), although PM2.5 levels remain high. The transitional pollution type was distinguished by an independent increase in PM10 levels, although PM2.5 and PM1 levels differed from the PM10 levels. Throughout March, the sulfur oxidation rate varied considerably, with high levels during most periods (mean 0.52). A strong correlation indicated that relative humidity was the primary variable promoting the formation of secondary sulfate. Sandstorms promote heterogeneous reactions by providing abundant reaction surfaces from mineral particles, therefore aggravating secondary pollution. The sandstorm air mass from the northwest passing through the sand sources of Mongolia carried not only crustal matter but also organic components, such as bioaerosols, resulting in a sharp increase in the organic carbon in PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yongliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Kimoto Electric Co., Ltd, 3-1 Funahashi-cho Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimoto
- Kimoto Electric Co., Ltd, 3-1 Funahashi-cho Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0024, Japan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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16
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Bredeck G, Busch M, Rossi A, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. Inhalable Saharan dust induces oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107732. [PMID: 36680803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Desert dust is increasingly recognized as a major air pollutant affecting respiratory health. Since desert dust exposure cannot be regulated, the hazardousness of its components must be understood to enable health risk mitigation strategies. Saharan dust (SD) comprises about half of the global desert dust and contains quartz, a toxic mineral dust that is known to cause severe lung diseases via oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin-1β pathway. We aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of SD responsible for toxic effects. Also, we studied the oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential of SD in alveolar epithelial cells and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage-like cells in comparison to quartz dusts and synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Characterization revealed that SD contained Fe, Al, trace metals, sulfate, diatomaceous earth, and endotoxin and had the capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals. We exposed A549 lung epithelial cells and wild-type and NLRP3-/- THP-1 macrophage-like cells to SD, three well-investigated quartz dusts, and SAS. SD induced oxidative stress in A549 cells after 24 h more potently than the quartz dusts. The quartz dusts and SAS upregulated interleukin 8 expression after 4 h and 24 h while SD only caused a transient upregulation. SD, the quartz dusts, and SAS induced interleukin-1β release from wild-type THP-1 cells>20-fold stronger than from NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells. Interleukin-1β release was lower for SD, in which microbial components including endotoxin were heat-destructed. In conclusion, microbial components in SD are pivotal for its toxicity. In the epithelium, the effects of SD contrasted with crystalline and amorphous silica in terms of potency and persistence. In macrophages, the strong involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome emphasizes the acute and chronic health risks associated with desert dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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17
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Li Y, Sun J, Lei R, Zheng J, Tian X, Xue B, Luo B. The Interactive Effects between Drought and Air Pollutants on Children's Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Time-Series Analysis in Gansu, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1959. [PMID: 36767324 PMCID: PMC9915313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a destructive and economic disaster in the world, drought shows an increasing trend under the continuous global climate change and adverse health effects have been reported. The interactive effects between drought and air pollutants, which may also be harmful to respiratory systems, remain to be discussed. We built the generalized additive model (GAM) and distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to estimate the effects of drought and air pollutants on daily upper respiratory infections (URTI) outpatient visits among children under 6 in three cities of Gansu province. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on monthly precipitation (SPI-1) was used as an indicator of drought. A non-stratified model was established to explore the interaction effect of SPI-1 and air pollutants. We illustrated the number of daily pediatric URTI outpatient visits increased with the decrease in SPI-1. The interactive effects between air pollutants and the number of daily pediatric URTIs were significant. According to the non-stratified model, we revealed highly polluted and drought environments had the most significant impact on URTI in children. The occurrence of drought and air pollutants increased URTI in children and exhibited a significant interactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruoyi Lei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China
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18
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Li R, Zhang M, Du Y, Wang G, Shang C, Liu Y, Zhang M, Meng Q, Cui M, Yan C. Impacts of dust events on chemical characterization and associated source contributions of atmospheric particulate matter in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120597. [PMID: 36343856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sand and dust have significant impacts on air quality, climate, and human health. To investigate the influences of dust storms on chemical characterization and source contributions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in areas with different distances from dust source regions, PM2.5 and associated chemical composition were measured in two industrial cities with one near sand sources (i.e., Wuhai) and the other far from sand sources (i.e., Jinan) in northern China in March 2021. Results showed that PM mass concentrations significantly increased and exceeded the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality standard during the dust events, with absolute concentrations and fractional contributions of PM2.5-bound crustal and trace elements increased while secondary inorganic ions decreased at both sites. Crustal materials dominated the increased PM2.5 mass from non-dust period to dust period in both cities. These were further evidenced by PM2.5 source apportionment results from positive matrix factorization model. During the dust events, dust sources contributed up to 88% of PM2.5 mass in Wuhai and ∼38% of PM2.5 mass in Jinan, a city about thousands of kilometers away from the sand source. Besides, the measurement data indicated that dust from northwest China may also bring along with high abundance of organic matter and vanadium. Secondary and traffic sources were two of the most important source contributors to PM2.5 in both cities during the non-dust periods. However, the near sand source city was more susceptible to the aggravating effects of dust and minerals, with much higher contributions by crustal materials (∼47%, from the aspect of chemical components) and dust-related sources (∼26%, from the aspect of sources) to PM2.5 mass even during non-dust periods. This study highlighted the urgent need for more action and effective control of sand sources to reduce the impact on air quality in downstream regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Yuming Du
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhai Branch, Wuhai, 016000, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Chunlin Shang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhai Branch, Wuhai, 016000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhai Branch, Wuhai, 016000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhai Branch, Wuhai, 016000, China
| | - Qingpeng Meng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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19
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sjöquist PO, Feng L, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-Administration of Nanowired Monoclonal Antibodies to Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Together with Antioxidant H-290/51 Reduces SiO 2 Nanoparticles-Induced Exacerbation of Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Trauma. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:195-229. [PMID: 37480462 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are often exposed to silica dust during combat operations across the globe. Exposure to silica dust in US military or service personnel could cause Desert Strom Pneumonitis also referred to as Al Eskan disease causing several organs damage and precipitate autoimmune dysfunction. However, the effects of microfine particles of sand inhalation-induced brain damage on the pathophysiology of traumatic brain or spinal cord injury are not explored. Previously intoxication of silica nanoparticles (50-60 nm size) is shown to exacerbates spinal cord injury induces blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown, edema formation and cellular changes. However, the mechanism of silica nanoparticles-induced cord pathology is still not well known. Spinal cord injury is well known to alter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) metabolism and induce oxidative stress including upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor alpha. This suggests that these agents are involved in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury. In this review, we examined the effects of combined nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) together with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibodies and a potent antioxidant H-290/51 to induce neuroprotection in spinal cord injury associated with silica nanoparticles intoxication. Our results for the first time show that co-administration of nanowired delivery of antibodies to nNOS and TNF-α with H-290/51 significantly attenuated silica nanoparticles-induced exacerbation of spinal cord pathology, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Per-Ove Sjöquist
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Jafari R, Amiri M, Asgari F, Tarkesh M. Dust source susceptibility mapping based on remote sensing and machine learning techniques. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Pérez Velasco R, Jarosińska D. Update of the WHO global air quality guidelines: Systematic reviews - An introduction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107556. [PMID: 36395555 PMCID: PMC9720155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to serve as an introduction to the Special Issue in Environment International entitled "Update of the WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Systematic Reviews". The article has two main objectives. One is to provide the context to this Special Issue, related to (a) policy context, overall exposure to air pollution, and burden of disease attributable to air pollution, and the other is to describe (b) the WHO guideline development process, with special emphasis on the systematic reviews. In particular, this paper presents the systematic reviews and other supporting evidence that was used and discussed during the process and summarizes important methodological information about the approaches taken to conduct the systematic reviews. These approaches include the definition of population, exposure, comparator, outcomes and study design (PECOS) questions, the assessment of the risk of bias in individual studies and the assessment of the overall certainty of the evidence. In summary, the new WHO global air quality guidelines are informed by the best available scientific evidence covering a vast number of research papers published until September 2018, and appraised by experts and stakeholders in the field of air quality. However, research gaps remain and, therefore, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Pérez Velasco
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorota Jarosińska
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Air Pollution: Toxicity and Detection in Biological Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223948. [PMID: 36432235 PMCID: PMC9698098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. Carbonaceous particles (CPs) constitute a major fraction of ultrafine PM and have the most harmful effects. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the main components of CPs, e.g., carbon black (CB), black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), from natural and anthropogenic sources. The emission sources and the adverse effects of CPs on the environment and human health are discussed. Particularly, we provide a detailed overview of the reported toxic effects of CPs in the human body, such as respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, neurodegenerative effects, carcinogenic effects, etc. In addition, we also discuss the challenges faced by and limitations of the available analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of CPs in atmospheric and biological samples. Considering the heterogeneous nature of CPs and biological samples, a detailed overview of different analytical techniques for the detection of CPs in (real-exposure) biological samples is also provided. This review provides useful insights into the classification, toxicity, and detection of CPs in biological samples.
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23
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Samet JM. Do Coarse Mass Particles Increase Daily Mortality? New Findings from a Multi-Country, Multi-City Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:932-933. [PMID: 35737941 PMCID: PMC9801998 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1178ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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24
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Zhao Q, Yu P, Mahendran R, Huang W, Gao Y, Yang Z, Ye T, Wen B, Wu Y, Li S, Guo Y. Global climate change and human health: Pathways and possible solutions. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2022; 1:53-62. [PMID: 38075529 PMCID: PMC10702927 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has been changing the planet's climate pattern, leading to increasing frequency, intensity and duration of extreme weather events and natural disasters. These climate-changing events affect various health outcomes adversely through complicated pathways. This paper reviews the main signs of climate change so far, e.g., suboptimal ambient temperature, sea-level rise and other conditions, and depicts the interactive pathways between different climate-changing events such as suboptimal temperature, wildfires, and floods with a broad range of health outcomes. Meanwhile, the modifying effect of socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors on the pathways is summarised, such that the youth, elderly, females, poor and those living in coastal regions are particularly susceptible to climate change. Although Earth as a whole is expected to suffer from climate change, this review article discusses some potential benefits for certain regions, e.g., a more liveable environment and sufficient food supply. Finally, we summarise certain mitigation and adaptation strategies against climate change and how these strategies may benefit human health in other ways. This review article provides a comprehensive and concise introduction of the pathways between climate change and human health and possible solutions, which may map directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Rahini Mahendran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
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25
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Different Transport Behaviors between Asian Dust and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Areas: Monitoring in Fukuoka and Kanazawa, Japan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify different effects of Asian dust (AD), long-range transported from Asian continent, on total suspended particles (TSP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Japan, TSP were simultaneously collected during AD periods (from 1 March to 31 May 2020 and 2021) in Fukuoka and Kanazawa. During AD days, decided by Light Detection and Ranging and Japan Meteorological Agency, TSP concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) at two sampling sites. PAH concentrations increased in Kanazawa (p < 0.001) but not in Fukuoka on AD days. Correlation coefficients (r) between daily TSP and total PAHs concentrations were weak in Kanazawa: 0.521 (non-AD) and 0.526 (AD) (p < 0.01), and in Fukuoka: 0.321 (non-AD) and 0.059 (AD). However, correlation between seasonal (average monthly) TSP and total PAH concentrations were stronger: 0.680 (Kanazawa) and 0.751 (Fukuoka). The reasons might be that seasonal variations of TSP and total PAHs in two cities depend equally on planetary scale westerly, while daily TSP and total PAHs variations in each city varied by different transportation distances from AD and PAHs sources in the Asian continent to Japan. Different local sources and meteorological conditions were considered. These results are important for elucidating the causes of chronic and acute respiratory diseases.
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26
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Barnaba F, Alvan Romero N, Bolignano A, Basart S, Renzi M, Stafoggia M. Multiannual assessment of the desert dust impact on air quality in Italy combining PM10 data with physics-based and geostatistical models. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107204. [PMID: 35366556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Desert dust storms pose real threats to air quality and health of millions of people in source regions, with associated impacts extending to downwind areas. Europe (EU) is frequently affected by atmospheric transport of desert dust from the Northern Africa and Middle East drylands. This investigation aims at quantifying the role of desert dust transport events on air quality (AQ) over Italy, which is among the EU countries most impacted by this phenomenon. We focus on the particulate matter (PM) metrics regulated by the EU AQ Directive. In particular, we use multiannual (2006-2012) PM10 records collected in hundreds monitoring sites within the national AQ network to quantify daily and annual contributions of dust during transport episodes. The methodology followed was built on specific European Commission guidelines released to evaluate the natural contributions to the measured PM-levels, and was partially modified, tested and adapted to the Italian case in a previous study. Overall, we show that impact of dust on the yearly average PM10 has a clear latitudinal gradient (from less than 1 to greater than 10 µg/m3 going from north to south Italy), this feature being mainly driven by an increased number of dust episodes per year with decreasing latitude. Conversely, the daily-average dust-PM10 (≅12 µg/m3) is more homogenous over the country and shown to be mainly influenced by the site type, with enhanced values in more urbanized locations. This study also combines the PM10 measurements-approach with geostatistical modelling. In particular, exploiting the dust-PM10 dataset obtained at site- and daily-resolution over Italy, a geostatistical, random-forest model was set up to derive a daily, spatially-continuous field of desert-dust PM10 at high (1-km) resolution. This finely resolved information represent the basis for a follow up investigation of both acute and chronic health effects of desert dust over Italy, stemming from daily and annual exposures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barnaba
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy.
| | - Nancy Alvan Romero
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy; University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), Rome, Italy(1)
| | - Andrea Bolignano
- Environmental Protection Agency of the Lazio Region, ARPA-Lazio, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Basart
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology (DEP), Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology (DEP), Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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27
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15-Year Analysis of Direct Effects of Total and Dust Aerosols in Solar Radiation/Energy over the Mediterranean Basin. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The direct radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols are essential for climate, as well as for other societal areas, such as the energy sector. The goal of the present study is to exploit the newly developed ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS) dataset for quantifying the direct effects on the downwelling surface solar irradiance (DSSI), induced by the total and dust aerosol amounts, under clear-sky conditions and the associated impacts on solar energy for the broader Mediterranean Basin, over the period 2003–2017. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust optical depth (DOD) derived by the MIDAS dataset, along with additional aerosol and dust optical properties and atmospheric variables, were used as inputs to radiative transfer modeling to simulate DSSI components. A 15-year climatology of AOD, DOD and clear-sky global horizontal irradiation (GHI) and direct normal irradiation (DNI) was derived. The spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol and dust effects on the different DSSI components was assessed. Aerosol attenuation of annual GHI and DNI were 1–13% and 5–47%, respectively. Over North Africa and the Middle East, attenuation by dust was found to contribute 45–90% to the overall attenuation by aerosols. The GHI and DNI attenuation during extreme dust episodes reached 12% and 44%, respectively, over particular areas. After 2008, attenuation of DSSI by aerosols became weaker mainly because of changes in the amount of dust. Sensitivity analysis using different AOD/DOD inputs from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis dataset revealed that using CAMS products leads to underestimation of the aerosol and dust radiative effects compared to MIDAS, mainly because the former underestimates DOD.
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28
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Sheehan MC. 2021 Climate and Health Review - Uncharted Territory: Extreme Weather Events and Morbidity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 52:189-200. [PMID: 35229682 DOI: 10.1177/00207314221082452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events (EWEs) affected health in every world region during 2021, placing the planet in "uncharted territory." Portraying the human impacts of EWEs is part of a health frame that suggests public knowledge of these risks will spur support for needed policy change. The health frame has gained traction since the Paris COP21 (United Nations Climate Change Conference) and arguably helped to achieve modest progress at the Glasgow COP26. However, reporting rarely covers the full picture of health impacts from EWEs, instead focusing on cost of damages, mortality, and displacement. This review summarizes data for 30 major EWEs of 2021 and, based on the epidemiological literature, discusses morbidity-related exposures for four hazards that marked the year: wildfire smoke; extreme cold and power outages; extreme, precipitation-related flooding; and drought. A very large likely burden of morbidity was found, with particularly widespread exposure to risk of respiratory outcomes (including interactions with COVID-19) and mental illnesses. There is need for a well-disseminated global annual report on EWE morbidity, including affected population estimates and evolving science. In this way, the public health frame may be harnessed to bolster evidence for the broader and promising frame of "urgency and agency" for climate change action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Sheehan
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.,Public Policy Center, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Saers J, Andersson L, Janson C, Sundh J. Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide before and after assignment in a desert environment-a cohort study. Respir Med 2021; 189:106643. [PMID: 34653874 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of small particulate matter (PM 2.5) may be associated with development of respiratory disease. Increased respiratory symptoms have been reported among military staff after service in countries with recurrent desert storms. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate whether an assignment in a desert environment and exposure to desert storms are associated with negative effects on respiratory health. METHODS In two cohorts of Swedish soldiers serving in Mali as part of the United Nations stabilization forces, examination with spirometry, determination of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and a questionnaire including participant characteristics, symptoms, and exposure was performed before and after service. Ambient air sampling was conducted on-site. Paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-variables on lung function data, FeNO and symptom level. RESULTS Most indoor and outdoor air measurements of dust and silica were within the Swedish occupational exposure limit for PM2.5 and silica (<0.10-2.7 mg/m3 and <0.002-0.40 mg/m3, respectively) as well as for respirable dust and silica (0.056-0.078 mg/m3and 0.0033-0.025 mg/m3, respectively). In the subgroup of participants with reported exposure to desert storms during the stay in Mali, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was significantly lower after exposure than before the mission (mean litres (SD) 4.21 ± 0.66 vs 4.33 ± 0.72, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Exposure to a desert storm was associated with a decrease in FEV1. Exposure to small particulate matter may contribute to the development of respiratory disease and thus spirometry should be performed after occupational exposure to desert storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Saers
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lena Andersson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy & Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Sundh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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