1
|
Vincoff S, Schleupner B, Santos J, Morrison M, Zhang N, Dunphy-Daly MM, Eward WC, Armstrong AJ, Diana Z, Somarelli JA. The Known and Unknown: Investigating the Carcinogenic Potential of Plastic Additives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10445-10457. [PMID: 38830620 PMCID: PMC11191590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are routinely ingested and inhaled by humans and other organisms. Despite the frequency of plastic exposure, little is known about its health consequences. Of particular concern are plastic additives─chemical compounds that are intentionally or unintentionally added to plastics to improve functionality or as residual components of plastic production. Additives are often loosely bound to the plastic polymer and may be released during plastic exposures. To better understand the health effects of plastic additives, we performed a comprehensive literature search to compile a list of 2,712 known plastic additives. Then, we performed an integrated toxicogenomic analysis of these additives, utilizing cancer classifications and carcinogenic expression pathways as a primary focus. Screening these substances across two chemical databases revealed two key observations: (1) over 150 plastic additives have known carcinogenicity and (2) the majority (∼90%) of plastic additives lack data on carcinogenic end points. Analyses of additive usage patterns pinpointed specific polymers, functions, and products in which carcinogenic additives reside. Based on published chemical-gene interactions, both carcinogenic additives and additives with unknown carcinogenicity impacted similar biological pathways. The predominant pathways involved DNA damage, apoptosis, the immune response, viral diseases, and cancer. This study underscores the urgent need for a systematic and comprehensive carcinogenicity assessment of plastic additives and regulatory responses to mitigate the potential health risks of plastic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Vincoff
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Beatrice Schleupner
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jasmine Santos
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Margaret Morrison
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Newland Zhang
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Meagan M. Dunphy-Daly
- Division
of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment,
Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke
University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
| | - William C. Eward
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Zoie Diana
- Division
of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment,
Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke
University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Department
of Medicine and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and
Urologic Cancer, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Nicholas
School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaur M, Sharma A, Bhatnagar P. Vertebrate response to microplastics, nanoplastics and co-exposed contaminants: Assessing accumulation, toxicity, behaviour, physiology, and molecular changes. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:48-69. [PMID: 38677566 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pollution from microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) has gained significant public attention and has become a serious environmental problem worldwide. This review critically investigates MPs/NPs' ability to pass through biological barriers in vertebrate models and accumulate in various organs, including the brain. After accumulation, these particles can alter individuals' behaviour and exhibit toxic effects by inducing oxidative stress or eliciting an inflammatory response. One major concern is the possibility of transgenerational harm, in which toxic consequences are displayed in offspring who are not directly exposed to MPs/NPs. Due to their large and marked surface hydrophobicity, these particles can easily absorb and concentrate various environmental pollutants, which may increase their toxicity to individuals and subsequent generations. This review systematically provides an analysis of recent studies related to the toxic effects of MPs/NPs, highlighting the intricate interplay between co-contaminants in vitro and in vivo. We further delve into mechanisms of MPs/NPs-induced toxicity and provide an overview of potential therapeutic approaches to lessen the negative effects of these MPs/NPs. The review also emphasizes the urgency of future studies to examine the long-term effects of chronic exposure to MPs/NPs and their size- and type-specific hazardous dynamics, and devising approaches to safeguard the affected organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradeep Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González-Caballero MC, de Alba González M, Torres-Ruiz M, Iglesias-Hernández P, Zapata V, Terrón MC, Sachse M, Morales M, Martin-Folgar R, Liste I, Cañas-Portilla AI. Internalization and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics on inmortalized human neural stem cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141815. [PMID: 38556182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Global plastic production has increased exponentially in recent decades, and a significant part of it persists in the environment, where it degrades into microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs). These can enter in humans by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, and there is scientific evidence that they are able to reach the systemic circulation and penetrate and accumulate in various tissues and organs. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of NPs is one of the most worrying effects, as they can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the following study, we analyzed, by transmission electron microscopy, the in vitro uptake of 30-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) into human neural stem cells (NSCs), their accumulation and subcellular localization within the cell. Furthermore, we studied the effects of different concentrations of PS-NPs on cell death, proliferation, and cell differentiation using immunocytochemistry and quantitative real time PCR for specific markers. This study demonstrated that PS-NPs were able to enter the cell, probably by endocytosis, accumulate, and aggregated in human NSCs, without being detected in the nucleus, causing cell death by apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into the interaction and effects of PS-NPs in human NSC and supports the scientific evidence for the involvement of nanoplastic in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen González-Caballero
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Alba González
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Iglesias-Hernández
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Zapata
- Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Terrón
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Unidades Centrales Científico Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Sachse
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Unidades Centrales Científico Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda, Esparta s/n. Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda, Esparta s/n. Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas-Portilla
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin L, Simpson K, Brzezinski M, Watt J, Xu W. Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38685063 PMCID: PMC11057139 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic accumulation in the environment is rapidly increasing, and nanoplastics (NP), byproducts of environmental weathering of bulk plastic waste, pose a significant public health risk. Particles may enter the human body through many possible routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. However, studies on NP penetration and accumulation in human skin are limited. Loss or reduction of the keratinized skin barrier may enhance the skin penetration of NPs. The present study investigated the entry of NPs into a human skin system modeling skin with compromised barrier functions and cellular responses to the intracellular accumulations of NPs. Two in vitro models were employed to simulate human skin lacking keratinized barriers. The first model was an ex vivo human skin culture with the keratinized dermal layer (stratum corneum) removed. The second model was a 3D keratinocyte/dermal fibroblast cell co-culture model with stratified keratinocytes on the top and a monolayer of skin fibroblast cells co-cultured at the bottom. The penetration and accumulation of the NPs in different cell types were observed using fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cellular responses of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells to stress induced by NPs stress were measured. The genetic regulatory pathway of keratinocytes to the intracellular NPs was identified using transcript analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. The cellular uptake of NPs by skin cells was confirmed by imaging analyses. Transepidermal transport and penetration of NPs through the skin epidermis were observed. According to the gene expression and pathway analyses, an IL-17 signaling pathway was identified as the trigger for cellular responses to internal NP accumulation in the keratinocytes. The transepidermal NPs were also found in co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells and resulted in a large-scale transition from fibroblast cells to myofibroblast cells with enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin and pro-Collagen Ia. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and cell activation may result in skin inflammation and ultimately trigger immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Molly Brzezinski
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xuan L, Wang Y, Qu C, Yi W, Yang J, Pan H, Zhang J, Chen C, Bai C, Zhou PK, Huang R. Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induces abnormal activation of innate immunity via the cGAS-STING pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116255. [PMID: 38552388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous immune defenses provide an intrinsic barrier against external entity invasion. Microplastics in the environment, especially those at the nanoscale (nanoplastics or NPs), may pose latent health risks through direct exposure. While links between nanoplastics and inflammatory processes have been established, detailed insights into how they may perturb the innate immune mechanisms remain uncharted. Employing murine and macrophage (RAW264.7) cellular models subjected to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), our investigative approach encompassed an array of techniques: Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometric analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence staining, cell transfection, cell cycle scrutiny, genetic manipulation, messenger RNA expression profiling via quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression evaluation through western blotting. The results showed that PS-NPs caused RAW264.7 cell apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest, and activated the cGAS-STING pathway. This resulted in NF-κB signaling activation and increased pro-inflammatory mediator expression. Importantly, PS-NPs-induced activation of NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory cascade were markedly diminished after the silencing of the STING gene. Our findings highlight the critical role of the cGAS-STING pathway in the immunotoxic effects induced by PS-NPs. We outline a new mechanism whereby nanoplastics may trigger dysregulated innate immune and inflammatory responses via the cGAS/STING pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China
| | - Wensen Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China
| | - Huiji Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Clinical Medical Oncology, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, China.
| | - Cuimei Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiang Nan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China.
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boran T, Zengin OS, Seker Z, Akyildiz AG, Kara M, Oztas E, Özhan G. An evaluation of a hepatotoxicity risk induced by the microplastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using HepG2/THP-1 co-culture model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28890-28904. [PMID: 38564126 PMCID: PMC11058773 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inappropriate disposal of plastic wastes and their durability in nature cause uncontrolled accumulation of plastic in land/marine ecosystems, also causing destructive effects by bioaccumulating along the food chain. Microplastics may cause chronic inflammation in relation to their permanent structures, especially through oxidative stress and cytotoxic cellular damage, which could increase the risk of cancer development. The accumulation of microplastics in the liver is a major concern, and therefore, the identification of the mechanisms of their hepatotoxic effects is of great importance. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a widely used thermoplastic. It has been determined that PMMA disrupts lipid metabolism in the liver in various aquatic organisms and causes reproductive and developmental toxicity. PMMA-induced hepatotoxic effects in humans have not yet been clarified. In our study, the toxic effects of PMMA (in the range of 3-10 μm) on the human liver were investigated using the HepG2/THP-1 macrophage co-culture model, which is a sensitive immune-mediated liver injury model. Cellular uptake of micro-sized PMMA in the cells was done by transmission electron microscopy. Determination of its effects on cell viability and inflammatory response, oxidative stress, along with gene and protein expression levels that play a role in the mechanism pathways underlying the effects were investigated. The results concluded that inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruptions in lipid metabolism should be the focus of attention as important underlying causes of PMMA-induced hepatotoxicity. Our study, which points out the potential adverse effects of microplastics on human health, supports the literature information on the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Boran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Sultan Zengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Seker
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Oztas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma L, Wu Z, Lu Z, Yan L, Dong X, Dai Z, Sun R, Hong P, Zhou C, Li C. Differences in toxicity induced by the various polymer types of nanoplastics on HepG2 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170664. [PMID: 38311080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The problem of microplastics (MPs) contamination in food has gradually come to the fore. MPs can be transmitted through the food chain and accumulate within various organisms, ultimately posing a threat to human health. The concentration of nanoplastics (NPs) exposed to humans may be higher than that of MPs. For the first time, we studied the differences in toxicity, and potential toxic effects of different polymer types of NPs, namely, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS) on HepG2 cells. In this study, PET-NPs, PVC-NPs, and PS-NPs, which had similar particle size, surface charge, and shape, were prepared using nanoprecipitation and emulsion polymerization. The results of the CCK-8 assay showed that the PET-NPs and PVC-NPs induced a decrease in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and their lowest concentrations causing significant cytotoxicity were 100 and 150 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the major cytotoxic effects of PET-NPs and PVC-NPs at high concentrations may be to induce an increase in intracellular ROS, which in turn induces cellular damage and other toxic effects. Notably, our study suggested that PET-NPs and PVC-NPs may induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, no relevant cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, and apoptotic toxic effects were detected in HepG2 cells with exposure to PS-NPs. Furthermore, the analysis of transcriptomics data suggested that PET-NPs and PVC-NPs could significantly inhibit the expression of DNA repair-related genes in the p53 signaling pathway. Compared to PS-NPs, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes were down-regulated to a greater extent by PET-NPs and PVC-NPs. In conclusion, PET-NPs and PVC-NPs were able to induce higher cytotoxic effects than PS-NPs, in which the density and chemical structure of NPs of different polymer types may be the key factors causing the differences in toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zijie Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Linhong Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoling Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhenqing Dai
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruikun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Tropical Ocean Environment in Western Coastal Water, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Li H, Lan J, Guan R, Bao Y, Du X, Zhao Z, Shi R, Hollert H, Zhao X. The weakened physiological functions of human serum albumin in presence of polystyrene nanoplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129609. [PMID: 38253152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to the widespread presence of nanoplastics (NPs) in daily essentials and drinking water, the potential adverse effects of NPs on human health have become a global concern. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant and multi-functional protein in plasma, has been chosen to understand the biological effects of NPs after entering the blood. The esterase activity and the transport of bisphenol A in the presence of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) under physiological conditions (pH 4.0 and 7.4) have been investigated to evaluate the possible biological effects. The interactions between PSNPs and HSA have also been systematically studied by multispectral methods and dynamic light scattering techniques. The esterase activity of HSA presented a decreased trend with increasing PSNPs; conversely, higher permeabilities are accompanied by higher amounts of PSNPs. Compared with the unchanged hydrodynamic diameter and weaker interactions at pH 7.4, stronger binding between HSA and PSNPs at pH 4.0 led to a significant increase in the particle size of the PSNPs-HSA complex. The quenching mechanism belonged to the static quenching type. The electrostatic force is proposed to be the dominant factor for PSNPs binding to HSA. The work provides some information about the toxicity of NPs when exposed to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haimei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Lan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Rui Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xianfa Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rongguang Shi
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, No. 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, 300191 Tianjin, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masseroni A, Fossati M, Ponti J, Schirinzi G, Becchi A, Saliu F, Soler V, Collini M, Della Torre C, Villa S. Sublethal effects induced by different plastic nano-sized particles in Daphnia magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123107. [PMID: 38070641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have reported the toxic effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on organisms. However, the focus of these studies has almost exclusively been on the use of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres. Herein, we aim to evaluate the sublethal effects on Daphnia magna juveniles of three different NP polymers: PS-NPs with an average size of 200 nm, polyethylene [PE] NPs and polyvinyl chloride [PVC] NPs with a size distribution between 50 and 350 nm and a comparable mean size. For each polymer, five environmentally relevant concentrations were tested (from 2.5 to 250 μg/L) for an exposure time of 48 h. NP effects were assessed at the biochemical level by investigating the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and at the behavioral level by evaluating the swimming behavior (distance moved). Our results highlight that exposure to PVC-NPs can have sublethal effects on Daphnia magna at the biochemical and behavioral levels. The potential role of particle size on the measured effects cannot be excluded as PVC and PE showed a wider size range distribution than PS, with particles displaying sizes from 50 to 350 nm. However, we infer that the chemical structure of PVC, which differs from that of PE of the same range size, concurs to explain the observed effects. Consequently, as PS seems not to be the most hazardous polymer, we suggest that the use of data on PS toxicity alone can lead to an underestimation of NP hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Masseroni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fossati
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Becchi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Soler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics "Giuseppe Occhialini, " University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sly P, Nabhani KA, Sripada K, Kayama F. Microplastics in the Asia-Pacific Region in the Plasticene Era: Exposures and Health Risks. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:8. [PMID: 38312716 PMCID: PMC10836168 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the broader Anthropocene Epoch resides the Plasticene Era, where humans are subjected pervasively to nano- and microplastics (NMPs). Human's widespread exposure with NMPs occurs through the air we breathe, water we drink, and food we eat. NMP sources are wide and varied; atmospheric NMPs are largely attributed to fibres from car tyres and synthetic clothing, while particles from food packaging, personal care products, and plastic manufacturing contribute significantly to food and water contamination. NMPs have become inherent within the human body and have been found in every organ. As such, the evidence base around adverse health effects is fragmented but growing. This article presents a mini-review and report of sessions presented about NMPs at the 19th International Conference of the Pacific Basin Consortium for Environment and Health, held on Jeju Island, in 2022. Abundant evidence of substantial exposure to NMPs in the Asia-Pacific region has been exhibited. Addressing this issue necessitates the collaboration of policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers to develop safer alternatives and implement mitigation and remediation strategies. The ongoing development of a new United Nations-led global plastic treaty presents a crucial opportunity that must be acted on and not be compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sly
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, AU
| | | | - Kam Sripada
- Centre for Digital Life Norway, Institute of Biotechnology & Food Science, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, NO
| | - Fujio Kayama
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, JP
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou H, Shi S, You Q, Zhang K, Chen Y, Zheng D, Sun J. Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases in Human Gut Microbiota and Their Implications for Human Health. Microorganisms 2024; 12:138. [PMID: 38257965 PMCID: PMC10820491 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), primarily utilized for food and beverage packaging, consistently finds its way into the human gut, thereby exerting adverse effects on human health. PET hydrolases, critical for the degradation of PET, have been predominantly sourced from environmental microbial communities. Given the fact that the human gut harbors a vast and intricate consortium of microorganisms, inquiry into the presence of potential PET hydrolases within the human gut microbiota becomes imperative. In this investigation, we meticulously screened 22,156 homologous sequences that could potentially encode PET hydrolases using the hidden Markov model (HMM) paradigm, drawing from 4984 cultivated genomes of healthy human gut bacteria. Subsequently, we methodically validated the hydrolytic efficacy of five selected candidate PET hydrolases on both PET films and powders composed of micro-plastics (MPs). Notably, our study also unveiled the influence of both diverse PET MP powders and their resultant hydrolysates on the modulation of cytokine expression in macrophages. In summary, our research underscores the ubiquitous prevalence and considerable potential of the human gut microbiota in PET hydrolysis. Furthermore, our study significantly contributes to the holistic evaluation of the potential health hazards posed by PET MPs to human well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Songbiao Shi
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;
| | - Qiuhong You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Kaikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dekai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Z.); (Q.Y.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li P, Li Q, Lai Y, Yang S, Yu S, Liu R, Jiang G, Liu J. Direct entry of micro(nano)plastics into human blood circulatory system by intravenous infusion. iScience 2023; 26:108454. [PMID: 38077139 PMCID: PMC10709129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathways of human exposure to micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) is crucial for assessing their health impacts. Intravenous infusion can induce MNPs direct entry into the human blood, posing serious risks on human health, but remains unclear. Herein, we developed comprehensive analytical methods to detect polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MNPs down to 20 nm, and found about 0.52 μg equal to 105-1011 particles of PVC-MNPs released from intravenous infusion products (IVIPs) during each intravenous infusion of 250 mL injection. The released amounts of MNPs from IVIPs were dependent on the plastic materials, and the injection volume and composition. These findings indicated that the released MNPs should be directly introduced into the human blood circulatory system, causing serious impacts on human health. Our study reveals a previously ignored but important pathway of human exposure to MNPs, and calls for further research on the potential risks of these MNPs on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujian Lai
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vattanasit U, Kongpran J, Ikeda A. Airborne microplastics: A narrative review of potential effects on the human respiratory system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166745. [PMID: 37673257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing evidence showing the widespread of airborne microplastics (AMPs) in many regions of the world, raising concerns about their impact on human health. This review aimed to consolidate recent literature on AMPs regarding their physical and chemical characteristics, deposition in the human respiratory tract, translocation, occurrence from human studies, and toxic effects determined in vitro and in vivo. The physical characteristics influence interactions with cell membranes, cellular internalization, accumulation, and cytotoxicity resulting from cell membrane damage and oxidative stress. In addition, prolonged exposure to AMP-associated toxic chemicals might lead to significant health effects. Most toxicological assessments of AMPs in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation are major mechanisms of action for their toxic effects. Elevated reactive oxygen species production could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and subsequent apoptosis in experimental models. To date, there has been some evidence suggesting exposure in humans. However, the data are still insufficient, and adverse human health effects need to be investigated. Future research on the existence, exposure, and health effects of AMPs is required for developing preventive and mitigation measures to protect human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udomratana Vattanasit
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Jira Kongpran
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Méndez Rodríguez KB, Jiménez Avalos JA, Fernández Macias JC, González Palomo AK. Microplastics: challenges of assessment in biological samples and their implication for in vitro and in vivo effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119733-119749. [PMID: 37971585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted global interest because they have been recognized as emerging pollutants that require urgent attention. MPs are plastic particles with a size between 1 micron and 5 mm (1 µm-5mm); those measuring less than 1 µm are known as nanoplastics (NPs). MP is distributed in the environment in various physical forms that depend on the degradation process, the erosion factors to which it was subjected, or the original form in which it was intentionally manufactured. Humans may be exposed to these pollutants mainly by ingestion or inhalation, which could adversely affect human health with effects that are still unknown due to limitations that are often dependent on their analytical determination and lack of studies over time, as it is a relatively new topic. Therefore, this review focuses on the challenges currently faced by laboratories for determining MPs in different matrices. We highlight the application of methods and techniques to assess the precise levels of exposure to MPs in biological samples. In addition, exposure pathways, sources, and evidence of adverse effects reported in vitro and in vivo studies are described to generate knowledge about their potential threat to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beatriz Méndez Rodríguez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Juan Carlos Fernández Macias
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Ana Karen González Palomo
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Panizzolo M, Martins VH, Ghelli F, Squillacioti G, Bellisario V, Garzaro G, Bosio D, Colombi N, Bono R, Bergamaschi E. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity to assess exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. A literature review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115645. [PMID: 37922781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness about possible health effects arising from micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution is driving a huge amount of studies. Many international efforts are in place to better understand and characterize the hazard of MNPs present in the environment. The literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology in two different databases (PubMed and Embase). The selection of articles was carried out blind, screening titles and abstracts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In general, these studies rely on the methodology already in use for assessing hazard from nanomaterials and particles of concern. However, only a limited number of studies have so far directly measured human exposure to MNPs and examined the relationship between such exposure and its impact on human health. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity that have been explored in relation to MNPs exposure, using human, cellular, animal, and plant models. Both in-vitro and in-vivo models suggest an increased level of oxidative stress and inflammation as the main mechanism of action (MOA) leading to adverse effects such as chronic inflammation, immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. With the identification of such biological endpoints, representing critical key initiating events (KIEs) towards adaptive or adverse outcomes, it is possible to identify a panel of surrogate biomarkers to be applied and validated especially in occupational settings, where higher levels of exposure may occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Panizzolo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Vitor Hugo Martins
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Bosio
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, A.O.U Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Federated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yan R, Lin S, Jiang W, Yu X, Zhang L, Zhao W, Sui Q. Effect of aggregation behavior on microplastic removal by magnetic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165431. [PMID: 37437640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanotechnologies have been shown to be an efficient approach to the reduction of microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments. However, uncertainties remain regarding the relationship between particle stability and MP removal under varying water conditions, hindering the practical application of magnetic nanotechnologies for MP removal. Herein, the influence of particle aggregation behavior on nano-scale MP removal by Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) was investigated, by monitoring dynamic light scattering parameters and analyzing the microstructures of particle aggregates. Results showed that 83.1 %-92.9 % of MPs could be removed by FNPs within 1 h, and MP removal exhibited a high degree of Pearson correlation (R = 0.95; P = 0.04) with particle aggregation behavior mediated by the FNPs dosage. Furthermore, pH-dependent electrostatic interactions significantly influenced particle aggregation behavior and the removal of MPs. Under pH <6.7 conditions, electrostatic attraction between electropositive FNPs and electronegative MPs led to charge neutralization-induced aggregation and efficient removal MP performance. Under increasingly saline conditions, compression of the electrical double layer enhanced the self-aggregation behavior of MPs, weakening the electrostatic repulsion between FNPs and MPs under alkaline conditions. Therefore, salinity improved the MP removal efficiency, especially under alkaline conditions, with MP removal increasing from 4.47 % to 55.1 % when the mass fraction of NaCl was increased from 0 % to 1 %. These findings further our understanding of the effect of aggregation behavior on MP removal by FNPs and highlight the potential for magnetic nanotechnology application in the removal of nano-scale MPs from aquatic environments, while also providing valuable insights for the design of FNP-based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sen Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Weinan Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xia Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xuan L, Wang Y, Qu C, Yan Y, Yi W, Yang J, Skonieczna M, Chen C, Miszczyk J, Ivanov DS, Zakaly HMH, Markovic V, Huang R. Metabolomics reveals that PS-NPs promote lung injury by regulating prostaglandin B1 through the cGAS-STING pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140108. [PMID: 37714480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics have been widely studied as environmental pollutants, which can accumulate in the human body through the food chain or direct contact. Research has shown that nanoplastics can affect the immune system and mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Lungs and macrophages have important immune and metabolic functions. This study explored the effects of 100 nm PS-NPs on innate immunity, mitochondrial function, and cellular metabolism-related pathways in lung (BEAS-2B) cells and macrophages (RAW264.7). The results had shown that PS-NPs exposure caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS accumulation, and Ca2+ overload, and activated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway related to innate immunity. These changes had been observed at concentrations of PS-NPs as low as 60 μg/mL, which might have been comparable to environmental levels. Non-target metabolomics and Western Blotting results confirmed that PS-NPs regulated prostaglandin B1 and other metabolites to cause cell damage through the cGAS-STING pathway. Supplementation of prostaglandin B1 alleviated the immune activation and metabolic disturbance caused by PS-NPs exposure. This study identified PS-NPs-induced innate immune activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic toxicity pathways, providing new insights into the potential for adverse outcomes of NPs in human life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China.
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yuhui Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Wensen Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Cuimei Chen
- School of Public Health, Xiang Nan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China.
| | - Justyna Miszczyk
- Department of Medical Physics, Cyclotron Centre Bronowice Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dmitry S Ivanov
- Quantum Electronics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hesham M H Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524, Assuit, Egypt.
| | - Vladimir Markovic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
K C PB, Maharjan A, Acharya M, Lee D, Kusma S, Gautam R, Kwon JT, Kim C, Kim K, Kim H, Heo Y. Polytetrafluorethylene microplastic particles mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and intracellular signaling pathway alteration in human derived cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165295. [PMID: 37419366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now widely distributed across the aerial, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Thus, exposure to MPs via the oral, inhalation, or dermal routes is inevitable. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-MPs is mainly used for manufacturing nonstick cookware, semiconductors, and medical devices; however, their toxicity has been rarely studied. In the present study, six different human cell lines, which are representative of tissues and cells that directly or indirectly come into contact with MPs, were exposed to two different sizes of irregular shape PTFE-MPs (with an average diameter of 6.0 or 31.7 μm). PTFE-MPs-mediated cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and changes in proinflammatory cytokine production were then evaluated. We found that the PTFE-MPs did not induce cytotoxicity under any of the experimental conditions. However, PTFE-MPs (especially average diameter of 6.0 μm) induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in all the cell lines tested. Moreover, both sizes of PTFE-MPs increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 from the U937 macrophage cell line and the A549 lung epithelial cell line, respectively. In addition, PTFE-MPs activated the MAPK signaling pathways, especially the ERK pathway, in A549 and U937 cells, and in the THP-1 dendritic cell line. We also found that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was reduced in the U937 and THP-1 cell lines following treatment with the PTFE-MPs sized 31.7 μm average diameter. Furthermore, expression of the apoptosis regulator, BCL2, was markedly increased in the A549 and U937 cell lines. Thus, although PTFE-MPs exert different effects on different cell types, our findings suggest that PTFE-MPs-associated toxicity may be specifically linked to the activation of the ERK pathway, which ultimately induces oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Bahadur K C
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Maharjan
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Manju Acharya
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - DaEun Lee
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarina Kusma
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Gautam
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689 Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - ChangYul Kim
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Center, 41061 Daegu, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - HyoungAh Kim
- College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Heo
- Graduate School Department of Toxicology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, 38430 Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rajendran D, Chandrasekaran N. Journey of micronanoplastics with blood components. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31435-31459. [PMID: 37901269 PMCID: PMC10603568 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) into the human body is inevitable. They enter blood circulation through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact by crossing the gut-lung-skin barrier (the epithelium of the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and the cutaneous layer). There are many reports on their toxicities to organs and tissues. This paper presents the first thorough assessment of MNP-driven bloodstream toxicity and the mechanism of toxicity from the viewpoint of both MNP and environmental co-pollutant complexes. Toxic impacts include plasma protein denaturation, hemolysis, reduced immunity, thrombosis, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial damage, among others, which can lead to life-threatening diseases. Protein corona formation, oxidative stress, cytokine alterations, inflammation, and cyto- and genotoxicity are the key mechanisms involved in toxicity. MNPs change the secondary structure of plasma proteins, thereby preventing their transport functions (for nutrients, drugs, oxygen, etc.). MNPs inhibit erythropoiesis by influencing hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation. They cause red blood cell and platelet aggregation, as well as increased adherence to endothelial cells, which can lead to thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. White blood cells and immune cells phagocytose MNPs, provoking inflammation. However, research gaps still exist, including gaps regarding the combined toxicity of MNPs and co-pollutants, toxicological studies in human models, advanced methodologies for toxicity analysis, bioaccumulation studies, inflammation and immunological responses, dose-response relationships of MNPs, and the effect of different physiochemical characteristics of MNPs. Furthermore, most studies have analyzed toxicity using prepared MNPs; hence, studies must be undertaken using true-to-life MNPs to determine the real-world scenario. Additionally, nanoplastics may further degrade into monomers, whose toxic effects have not yet been explored. The research gaps highlighted in this review will inspire future studies on the toxicity of MNPs in the vascular/circulatory systems utilizing in vivo models to enable more reliable health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgalakshmi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202624
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Shi J, Yuan P, Li T, Cao Z, Zou W. Differential developmental and proinflammatory responses of zebrafish embryo to repetitive exposure of biodigested polyamide and polystyrene microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132472. [PMID: 37683353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted global concern and are at the forefront of current research on environmental pollution, whereas, little is known about the degradation of ingested MPs in the gastrointestinal environment and repetitive exposure-associated risk of egested MPs to organisms. The present study revealed that polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) MPs exhibited remarkably differential biodegradations in the gastric and intestinal fluids of a model fish (Siniperca chuatsi). Significant disintegration of the skeleton structure, size reduction (from 27.62 to 9.17 µm), benzene ring scission, and subsequent biogenic corona coating and surface oxidation occurred during in vitro digestion, thus increasing the hydrophilicity and agglomeration of PS. Conversely, PA MPs exhibited high resistance to enzymolysis with slight surface erosions and protein adsorption. Relative to the pristine form, the bioaccumulation of digested PS elevated and the musculoskeletal deformity and mortality of juvenile zebrafish were obviously enhanced, but these changes were unobservable for PA. Lipopolysaccharide-triggered inflammation and apoptosis via Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and reduction of extracellular matrix secretions driven by oxidative stress contributed to the aggravated inhibitory effects of digested PS on larval development. These findings emphasize the necessity of concerning the biota digestion in MP risk assessments in natural waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wolff CM, Singer D, Schmidt A, Bekeschus S. Immune and inflammatory responses of human macrophages, dendritic cells, and T-cells in presence of micro- and nanoplastic of different types and sizes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132194. [PMID: 37572607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by microplastics (MPs) is a growing concern regarding their impact on aquatic and terrestrial systems and human health. Typical exposure routes of MPs are dermal contact, digestion, and inhalation. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies observed alterations in immunity after MPs exposure, but systemic studies using primary human immune cells are scarce. In our investigation, we addressed the effect of polystyrene (PS) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) in three different sizes (50-1100 nm) as well as amino-modified PS (PS-NH2; 50 nm) on cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. T-cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were least affected regarding the cytotoxicity but displayed increased activation marker expression after 72 h, and strongly modulated cytokine secretion patterns. Conversely, phagocytic dendritic cells and macrophages derived from isolated monocytes were highly sensitive to pristine MPs. Their marker expression suggested a downregulation of the inflammatory phenotypes indicative of M2 macrophage induction after MPs exposure for 24 h. Our results showed that even pristine MPs affected immune cell function and inflammatory phenotype dependent on MPs polymers, size, and immune cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Wolff
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jabor Z, Sutton SC. Effects of Digestion, Cell Culture Media, and Mucous on the Physical Properties, Cellular Effects, and Translocation of Polystyrene and Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles. TOXICS 2023; 11:708. [PMID: 37624213 PMCID: PMC10458608 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of plastic and metal nanoparticles in organisms, foods, and beverages has generated numerous studies on the effects of these particles on the barrier cells and their subsequent absorption into the body. Following ingestion, nanoparticles travel down the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and their physicochemical characteristics change in response to the change in proteins and pH during their digestion. We measured the translocation of digested nanoparticles across a co-culture monolayer of Caco-2 and various combinations (1:9, 5:5, and 9:1) of HT29-MTX-E12. The in vitro model of the intestine was used to determine the translocation of digested 20 nm polymethacrylate (PMA) particles and the accompanying monolayer barrier effects after a 72 h exposure. The in vitro digestion increased the agglomeration and hydrodynamic diameters and decreased the surface charge of the nanoparticles. For NH2-functionalized polymethacrylate nanoparticles (PMA-NH2), the diameters increased from 57 nm (water) to 3800 nm (media), or 2660 nm (chyme). These nanoparticles compromised the integrity of the monolayer (trans-epithelial electrical resistance, Lucifer yellow translocation) and translocated across all the cell ratio configurations. Digestion can have a large effect on nanoparticle agglomeration and surface charge. Excess mucous was not seen as a barrier to the translocation of PMA-NH2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Jabor
- School of Pharmacy, Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, 716 Stevens Ave, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | - Steven C. Sutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, 716 Stevens Ave, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cui L, Digiacomo L, Xiao S, Wang J, Amici A, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Marchini C. Insights into the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on HER2 signaling pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2023:105632. [PMID: 37329963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to both ecosystems and human health, as fragments of microscale size are daily inhaled and ingested. Such tiny specks are defined as microplastics (MPs), and although their presence as environmental contaminants is ubiquitous in the world, their possible effects at biological and physiological levels are still not clear. To explore the potential impacts of MP exposure, we produced and characterized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro-fragments, then administered them to living cells. PET is widely employed in the production of plastic bottles, and thus represents a potential source of environmental MPs. However, its potential effects on public health are hardly investigated, as the current bio-medical research on MPs mainly utilizes different models, such as polystyrene particles. This study employed cell viability assays and Western blot analysis to demonstrate cell-dependent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of PET MPs, as well as a significant impact on HER-2-driven signaling pathways. Our findings provide insight into the biological effects of MP exposure, particularly for a widely used but poorly investigated material such as PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Siyao Xiao
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jessieleena A, Rathinavelu S, Velmaiel KE, John AA, Nambi IM. Residential houses - a major point source of microplastic pollution: insights on the various sources, their transport, transformation, and toxicity behaviour. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67919-67940. [PMID: 37131007 PMCID: PMC10154189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater has been considered as one of the largest contributors and carriers of microplastics to the aquatic environment. However, the various residential activities that generate municipal wastewater are equally significant whenever the source of microplastics in aquatic system is accounted. However, so far, only municipal wastewater has received wide attention in previous review articles. Hence, this review article is written to address this gap by highlighting, firstly, the chances of microplastics arising from the usage of personal care products (PCPs), laundry washing, face masks, and other potential sources. Thereafter, the various factors influencing the generation and intensity of indoor microplastic pollution and the evidence available on the possibility of microplastic inhalation by humans and pet animals are explained. Followed by that, the removal efficiency of microplastics observed in wastewater treatment plants, the fate of microplastics present in the effluent and biosolids, and their impact on aquatic and soil environment are explored. Furthermore, the impact of aging on the characteristics of microsized plastics has been explored. Finally, the influence of age and size of microplastics on the toxicity effects and the factors impacting the retention and accumulation of microplastics in aquatic species are reviewed. Furthermore, the prominent pathway of microplastics into the human body and the studies available on the toxicity effects observed in human cells upon exposure to microplastics of different characteristics are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Jessieleena
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India
| | - Sasikaladevi Rathinavelu
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India
| | - Kiruthika Eswari Velmaiel
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India
| | - Anju Anna John
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India
| | - Indumathi M Nambi
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600 036, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhong Z, Liu X, Ruan Y, Li Z, Li J, Sun L, Hou S. Enhanced toxicity of 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (V6) by nanopolystyrene particles towards HeLa cells. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:203-217. [PMID: 37115599 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2203238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (V6) has been widely used as an additive in a variety of plastics due to its extremely low toxicity. However, we showed in the study that once mixed with nanopolystyrene particles (NPs), the nontoxic V6 could exhibit significant toxicity to HeLa cells. The enhanced toxicity was much higher than the toxicity of NPs alone and was related to the size of NPs. The mixture of V6 and small polystyrene NPs (10 nm and 15 nm in radius) showed obvious toxicity to HeLa cells. The toxicity increased with the concentrations of both V6 and NPs. On the contrary, the mixture of V6 and larger NPs (25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, and 500 nm in radius) showed almost no toxicity even at extremely high concentrations (NPs: 100 mg/L; V6: 50 mg/L). The small NPs could enter the cells and accumulated in cytoplasm. However, the larger NPs did not distribute inside the cells. NPs efficiently adsorbed V6 on the surface. The mechanism of the enhanced toxicity was attributed to the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the regulation of gene expression concerning apoptosis and ROS scavenging. Our study not only showed that a safe chemical V6 could be turned to be toxic by NPs, but also pointed out a potential risk caused by the joint toxicity of 'safe' chemicals and plastic particles with small size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Ruan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Shandong Huapu Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Y, He G, Jiang H, Pan K, Liu W. Nanoplastics induces oxidative stress and triggers lysosome-associated immune-defensive cell death in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107899. [PMID: 37054650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are increasingly perceived as an emerging threat to terrestrial environments, but the adverse impacts of NPs on soil fauna and the mechanisms behind these negative outcomes remain elusive. Here, a risk assessment of NPs was conducted on model organism (earthworm) from tissue to cell. Using palladium-doped polystyrene NPs, we quantitatively measured nanoplastic accumulation in earthworm and investigated its toxic effects by combining physiological assessment with RNA-Seq transcriptomic analyses. After a 42-day exposure, earthworm accumulated up to 15.9 and 143.3 mg kg-1 of NPs for the low (0.3 mg kg-1) and high (3 mg kg-1) dose groups, respectively. NPs retention led to the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O2- and H2O2), which reduced growth rate by 21.3 %-50.8 % and caused pathological abnormalities. These adverse effects were enhanced by the positively charged NPs. Furthermore, we observed that irrespective of surface charge, after 2 h of exposure, NPs were gradually internalized by earthworm coelomocytes (∼0.12 μg per cell) and mainly amassed at lysosomes. Those agglomerations stimulated lysosomal membranes to lose stability and even rupture, resulting in impeded autophagy process and cellular clearance, and eventually coelomocyte death. In comparison with negatively charged nanoplastics, the positively charged NPs exerted 83 % higher cytotoxicity. Our findings provide a better understanding of how NPs posed harmful effects on soil fauna and have important implications for evaluating the ecological risk of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Sousa FDB. Consumer Awareness of Plastic: an Overview of Different Research Areas. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37360378 PMCID: PMC10039692 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-023-00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastic makes our society more practical and safer. It is hard to consider eliminating plastic in some sectors, such as the medical field. However, after use, plastic waste becomes a global problem without precedents, and when not properly disposed of, it can cause several socio-environmental problems. Some possible solutions are recycling, the circular economy, proper waste management, and consumer awareness. Consumers play a crucial role in preventing problems caused by plastic. In this work, consumer awareness of plastic is discussed according to the point of view of the research areas-environmental science, engineering, and materials science-based on the analysis of the main authors' keywords obtained in a literature search in the Scopus database. Bibliometrix analyzed the Scopus search results. The results showed that each area presents different concerns and priorities. The current scenario, including the main hotspots, trends, emerging topics, and deficiencies, was obtained. On the contrary, the concerns from the literature and those of the daily lives of consumers do not seem to fit in, which creates a gap. By reducing this gap, the distance between consumers awareness and their behavior will be smaller.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, 96010-610 Pelotas, RS Brazil
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 SP Santo André, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, Bald C, Brunner M, Canonizado EM, Charles D, Chiles TC, Donohue MJ, Enck J, Fenichel P, Fleming LE, Ferrier-Pages C, Fordham R, Gozt A, Griffin C, Hahn ME, Haryanto B, Hixson R, Ianelli H, James BD, Kumar P, Laborde A, Law KL, Martin K, Mu J, Mulders Y, Mustapha A, Niu J, Pahl S, Park Y, Pedrotti ML, Pitt JA, Ruchirawat M, Seewoo BJ, Spring M, Stegeman JJ, Suk W, Symeonides C, Takada H, Thompson RC, Vicini A, Wang Z, Whitman E, Wirth D, Wolff M, Yousuf AK, Dunlop S. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:23. [PMID: 36969097 PMCID: PMC10038118 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, and sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for significant harms to human health, the economy, and the earth's environment. These harms occur at every stage of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of the coal, oil, and gas that are its main feedstocks through to ultimate disposal into the environment. The extent of these harms not been systematically assessed, their magnitude not fully quantified, and their economic costs not comprehensively counted. Goals The goals of this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health are to comprehensively examine plastics' impacts across their life cycle on: (1) human health and well-being; (2) the global environment, especially the ocean; (3) the economy; and (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, and the world's children. On the basis of this examination, the Commission offers science-based recommendations designed to support development of a Global Plastics Treaty, protect human health, and save lives. Report Structure This Commission report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents a narrative review of the processes involved in plastic production, use, and disposal and notes the hazards to human health and the environment associated with each of these stages. Section 3 describes plastics' impacts on the ocean and notes the potential for plastic in the ocean to enter the marine food web and result in human exposure. Section 4 details plastics' impacts on human health. Section 5 presents a first-order estimate of plastics' health-related economic costs. Section 6 examines the intersection between plastic, social inequity, and environmental injustice. Section 7 presents the Commission's findings and recommendations. Plastics Plastics are complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% of plastics are produced from fossil carbon- coal, oil and gas. Plastics are comprised of a carbon-based polymer backbone and thousands of additional chemicals that are incorporated into polymers to convey specific properties such as color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, and ultraviolet resistance. Many of these added chemicals are highly toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants and endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, and organophosphate flame retardants. They are integral components of plastic and are responsible for many of plastics' harms to human health and the environment.Global plastic production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, and in this time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) of plastic have been manufactured. Annual production volume has grown from under 2 Mt in 1950 to 460 Mt in 2019, a 230-fold increase, and is on track to triple by 2060. More than half of all plastic ever made has been produced since 2002. Single-use plastics account for 35-40% of current plastic production and represent the most rapidly growing segment of plastic manufacture.Explosive recent growth in plastics production reflects a deliberate pivot by the integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations that produce coal, oil and gas and that also manufacture plastics. These corporations are reducing their production of fossil fuels and increasing plastics manufacture. The two principal factors responsible for this pivot are decreasing global demand for carbon-based fuels due to increases in 'green' energy, and massive expansion of oil and gas production due to fracking.Plastic manufacture is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to climate change. At present, plastic production is responsible for an estimated 3.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the contribution of Brazil. This fraction is projected to increase to 4.5% by 2060 if current trends continue unchecked. Plastic Life Cycle The plastic life cycle has three phases: production, use, and disposal. In production, carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, and oil-are transformed through energy-intensive, catalytic processes into a vast array of products. Plastic use occurs in every aspect of modern life and results in widespread human exposure to the chemicals contained in plastic. Single-use plastics constitute the largest portion of current use, followed by synthetic fibers and construction.Plastic disposal is highly inefficient, with recovery and recycling rates below 10% globally. The result is that an estimated 22 Mt of plastic waste enters the environment each year, much of it single-use plastic and are added to the more than 6 gigatons of plastic waste that have accumulated since 1950. Strategies for disposal of plastic waste include controlled and uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, and export. Vast quantities of plastic waste are exported each year from high-income to low-income countries, where it accumulates in landfills, pollutes air and water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches and estuaries, and harms human health-environmental injustice on a global scale. Plastic-laden e-waste is particularly problematic. Environmental Findings Plastics and plastic-associated chemicals are responsible for widespread pollution. They contaminate aquatic (marine and freshwater), terrestrial, and atmospheric environments globally. The ocean is the ultimate destination for much plastic, and plastics are found throughout the ocean, including coastal regions, the sea surface, the deep sea, and polar sea ice. Many plastics appear to resist breakdown in the ocean and could persist in the global environment for decades. Macro- and micro-plastic particles have been identified in hundreds of marine species in all major taxa, including species consumed by humans. Trophic transfer of microplastic particles and the chemicals within them has been demonstrated. Although microplastic particles themselves (>10 µm) appear not to undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic plastic-associated chemicals bioaccumulate in marine animals and biomagnify in marine food webs. The amounts and fates of smaller microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNPs <10 µm) in aquatic environments are poorly understood, but the potential for harm is worrying given their mobility in biological systems. Adverse environmental impacts of plastic pollution occur at multiple levels from molecular and biochemical to population and ecosystem. MNP contamination of seafood results in direct, though not well quantified, human exposure to plastics and plastic-associated chemicals. Marine plastic pollution endangers the ocean ecosystems upon which all humanity depends for food, oxygen, livelihood, and well-being. Human Health Findings Coal miners, oil workers and gas field workers who extract fossil carbon feedstocks for plastic production suffer increased mortality from traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Plastic production workers are at increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, neurotoxic injury, and decreased fertility. Workers producing plastic textiles die of bladder cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, and interstitial lung disease at increased rates. Plastic recycling workers have increased rates of cardiovascular disease, toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, and lung cancer. Residents of "fenceline" communities adjacent to plastic production and waste disposal sites experience increased risks of premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood leukemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.During use and also in disposal, plastics release toxic chemicals including additives and residual monomers into the environment and into people. National biomonitoring surveys in the USA document population-wide exposures to these chemicals. Plastic additives disrupt endocrine function and increase risk for premature births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive birth defects, infertility, obesity, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed through the environmental degradation of plastic waste can enter living organisms, including humans. Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates that MNPs may cause toxicity due to their physical and toxicological effects as well as by acting as vectors that transport toxic chemicals and bacterial pathogens into tissues and cells.Infants in the womb and young children are two populations at particularly high risk of plastic-related health effects. Because of the exquisite sensitivity of early development to hazardous chemicals and children's unique patterns of exposure, plastic-associated exposures are linked to increased risks of prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects of the reproductive organs, neurodevelopmental impairment, impaired lung growth, and childhood cancer. Early-life exposures to plastic-associated chemicals also increase the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases later in life. Economic Findings Plastic's harms to human health result in significant economic costs. We estimate that in 2015 the health-related costs of plastic production exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, and that in the USA alone the health costs of disease and disability caused by the plastic-associated chemicals PBDE, BPA and DEHP exceeded $920 billion (2015 Int$). Plastic production results in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equivalent to 1.96 gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) social cost of carbon metric, we estimate the annual costs of these GHG emissions to be $341 billion (2015 Int$).These costs, large as they are, almost certainly underestimate the full economic losses resulting from plastics' negative impacts on human health and the global environment. All of plastics' economic costs-and also its social costs-are externalized by the petrochemical and plastic manufacturing industry and are borne by citizens, taxpayers, and governments in countries around the world without compensation. Social Justice Findings The adverse effects of plastics and plastic pollution on human health, the economy and the environment are not evenly distributed. They disproportionately affect poor, disempowered, and marginalized populations such as workers, racial and ethnic minorities, "fenceline" communities, Indigenous groups, women, and children, all of whom had little to do with creating the current plastics crisis and lack the political influence or the resources to address it. Plastics' harmful impacts across its life cycle are most keenly felt in the Global South, in small island states, and in disenfranchised areas in the Global North. Social and environmental justice (SEJ) principles require reversal of these inequitable burdens to ensure that no group bears a disproportionate share of plastics' negative impacts and that those who benefit economically from plastic bear their fair share of its currently externalized costs. Conclusions It is now clear that current patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal are not sustainable and are responsible for significant harms to human health, the environment, and the economy as well as for deep societal injustices.The main driver of these worsening harms is an almost exponential and still accelerating increase in global plastic production. Plastics' harms are further magnified by low rates of recovery and recycling and by the long persistence of plastic waste in the environment.The thousands of chemicals in plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, and non-intentionally added substances-include amongst their number known human carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, neurotoxicants, and persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals are responsible for many of plastics' known harms to human and planetary health. The chemicals leach out of plastics, enter the environment, cause pollution, and result in human exposure and disease. All efforts to reduce plastics' hazards must address the hazards of plastic-associated chemicals. Recommendations To protect human and planetary health, especially the health of vulnerable and at-risk populations, and put the world on track to end plastic pollution by 2040, this Commission supports urgent adoption by the world's nations of a strong and comprehensive Global Plastics Treaty in accord with the mandate set forth in the March 2022 resolution of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures such as a Global Plastics Treaty are needed to curb plastic production and pollution, because the harms to human health and the environment caused by plastics, plastic-associated chemicals and plastic waste transcend national boundaries, are planetary in their scale, and have disproportionate impacts on the health and well-being of people in the world's poorest nations. Effective implementation of the Global Plastics Treaty will require that international action be coordinated and complemented by interventions at the national, regional, and local levels.This Commission urges that a cap on global plastic production with targets, timetables, and national contributions be a central provision of the Global Plastics Treaty. We recommend inclusion of the following additional provisions:The Treaty needs to extend beyond microplastics and marine litter to include all of the many thousands of chemicals incorporated into plastics.The Treaty needs to include a provision banning or severely restricting manufacture and use of unnecessary, avoidable, and problematic plastic items, especially single-use items such as manufactured plastic microbeads.The Treaty needs to include requirements on extended producer responsibility (EPR) that make fossil carbon producers, plastic producers, and the manufacturers of plastic products legally and financially responsible for the safety and end-of-life management of all the materials they produce and sell.The Treaty needs to mandate reductions in the chemical complexity of plastic products; health-protective standards for plastics and plastic additives; a requirement for use of sustainable non-toxic materials; full disclosure of all components; and traceability of components. International cooperation will be essential to implementing and enforcing these standards.The Treaty needs to include SEJ remedies at each stage of the plastic life cycle designed to fill gaps in community knowledge and advance both distributional and procedural equity.This Commission encourages inclusion in the Global Plastic Treaty of a provision calling for exploration of listing at least some plastic polymers as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.This Commission encourages a strong interface between the Global Plastics Treaty and the Basel and London Conventions to enhance management of hazardous plastic waste and slow current massive exports of plastic waste into the world's least-developed countries.This Commission recommends the creation of a Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body to guide the Treaty's implementation. The main priorities of this Body would be to guide Member States and other stakeholders in evaluating which solutions are most effective in reducing plastic consumption, enhancing plastic waste recovery and recycling, and curbing the generation of plastic waste. This Body could also assess trade-offs among these solutions and evaluate safer alternatives to current plastics. It could monitor the transnational export of plastic waste. It could coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, and air-based MNP monitoring programs.This Commission recommends urgent investment by national governments in research into solutions to the global plastic crisis. This research will need to determine which solutions are most effective and cost-effective in the context of particular countries and assess the risks and benefits of proposed solutions. Oceanographic and environmental research is needed to better measure concentrations and impacts of plastics <10 µm and understand their distribution and fate in the global environment. Biomedical research is needed to elucidate the human health impacts of plastics, especially MNPs. Summary This Commission finds that plastics are both a boon to humanity and a stealth threat to human and planetary health. Plastics convey enormous benefits, but current linear patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal that pay little attention to sustainable design or safe materials and a near absence of recovery, reuse, and recycling are responsible for grave harms to health, widespread environmental damage, great economic costs, and deep societal injustices. These harms are rapidly worsening.While there remain gaps in knowledge about plastics' harms and uncertainties about their full magnitude, the evidence available today demonstrates unequivocally that these impacts are great and that they will increase in severity in the absence of urgent and effective intervention at global scale. Manufacture and use of essential plastics may continue. However, reckless increases in plastic production, and especially increases in the manufacture of an ever-increasing array of unnecessary single-use plastic products, need to be curbed.Global intervention against the plastic crisis is needed now because the costs of failure to act will be immense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Maureen Cropper
- Economics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, US
| | - Caroline Bald
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Fenichel
- Université Côte d’Azur
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Nice, FR
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | | | | | | | - Carly Griffin
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, US
| | - Budi Haryanto
- Department of Environmental Health, Universitas Indonesia, ID
- Research Center for Climate Change, Universitas Indonesia, ID
| | - Richard Hixson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Hannah Ianelli
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Amalia Laborde
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, UY
| | | | - Keith Martin
- Consortium of Universities for Global Health, US
| | - Jenna Mu
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lead City University, NG
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, US
| | - Sabine Pahl
- University of Vienna, Austria
- University of Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Maria-Luiza Pedrotti
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur mer (LOV), Sorbonne Université, FR
| | | | | | - Bhedita Jaya Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
| | | | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - William Suk
- Superfund Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US
| | | | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JP
| | | | | | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, WEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology, CH
| | - Ella Whitman
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | - Aroub K. Yousuf
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Sarah Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tamayo-Belda M, Pérez-Olivares AV, Pulido-Reyes G, Martin-Betancor K, González-Pleiter M, Leganés F, Mitrano DM, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Tracking nanoplastics in freshwater microcosms and their impacts to aquatic organisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130625. [PMID: 37056024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we used palladium-doped polystyrene NPLs (PS-NPLs with a primary size of 286 ± 4 nm) with an irregular surface morphology which allowed for particle tracking and evaluation of their toxicity on two primary producers (cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC7120 and green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and one primary consumer (crustacean, Daphnia magna). the concentration range for Anabaena and C. reinhardtii was from 0.01 to 1000 mg/L and for D. magna, the range was from 7.5 to 120 mg/L.EC50 s ranged from 49 mg NPLs/L for D. magna (48hEC50 s) to 248 mg NPLs/L (72hEC50 s for C. reinhardtii). PS-NPLs induced dose-dependent reactive oxygen species overproduction, membrane damage and metabolic alterations. To shed light on the environmental fate of PS-NPLs, the short-term distribution of PS-NPLs under static (using lake water and sediments) and stirring (using river water and sediments) conditions was studied at laboratory scale. The results showed that most NPLs remained in the water column over the course of 48 h. The maximum percentage of settled particles (∼ 30 %) was found under stirring conditions in comparison with the ∼ 10 % observed under static ones. Natural organic matter increased the stability of the NPLs under colloidal state while organisms favored their settlement. This study expands the current knowledge of the biological effects and fate of NPLs in freshwater environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tamayo-Belda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Pulido-Reyes
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environment and Agronomy, Spanish National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), Crta. de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Keila Martin-Betancor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise M Mitrano
- Environmental Systems Science Department, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sitia L, Galbiati V, Bonizzi A, Sevieri M, Truffi M, Pinori M, Corsini E, Marinovich M, Corsi F, Mazzucchelli S. In Vitro Immunoreactivity Evaluation of H-Ferritin-Based Nanodrugs. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:845-855. [PMID: 36827653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles, such as proteins and extracellular vesicles, are rapidly growing as nanobased drug-delivery agents due to their biocompatibility, high loading efficiency, and bioavailability. However, most of the candidates emerging preclinically hardly confirm their potential when entering clinical trials. Among other reasons, this is due to the low control of synthesis processes and the limited characterization of their potential immunoreactivity profiles. Here, we propose a combined method that allow us to fully characterize H-ferritin nanoparticles' immunoreactivity during their production, purification, endotoxin removal, and drug loading. H-Ferritin is an extremely interesting nanocage that is being under evaluation for cancer therapy due to its innate cancer tropism, favorable size, and high stability. However, being a recombinant protein, its immunoreactivity should be carefully evaluated preclinically to enable further clinical translation. Surprisingly, this aspect is often underestimated by the scientific community. By measuring proinflammatory cytokine release as a function of endotoxin content, we found that even removing all pyrogenic contaminants from the nanocage, a mild immunoreactivity was still left. When we further purified H-ferritin by loading doxorubicin through a highly standardized loading method, proinflammatory cytokine release was eliminated. This confirmed the safety of H-ferritin nanocages to be used for drug delivery in cancer therapy. Our approach demonstrated that when evaluating the safety of nanodrugs, a combined analysis of acute toxicity and immunoreactivity is necessary to guarantee the safety of newly developed products and to unveil their real translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Truffi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Pinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Danielli Bastos de Sousa F. The impact of plastic during the COVID-19 pandemic: The point of view of the environmental science literature. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2023; 80:1448-1455. [PMID: 36743883 PMCID: PMC9889263 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the official name of the disease provoked by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Since the advent of the first cases of the new coronavirus, our society has been completely changed. Due to the changes, new environmental challenges were imposed, principally due to the considerable growth in using plastic materials in packages and personal protective equipment such as face masks. The impact of plastic during the COVID-19 pandemic was discussed in the present work from the point of view of the environmental science area. Bibliometric analysis and mapping were performed based on Scopus database search results. Emphasis was placed on analyzing the authors' keywords of the publications. The main concern of the research area concerning the use of plastic during the COVID-19 pandemic is the pollution of water bodies by plastic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil,Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang X, Ren XM, He H, Li F, Liu K, Zhao F, Hu H, Zhang P, Huang B, Pan X. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect of polystyrene nano-plastic and micro-plastic on RAW264.7 cells. Toxicology 2023; 484:153391. [PMID: 36503103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that exposure to micro- or nano-plastics led to the cell viability and function of macrophages in the intestine tissue might be one possible mechanism. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect of 80 nm polystyrene-nano-plastic (PS-NP) and 3 µm PS-micro-plastic (PS-MP) on mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Our results showed that exposure to PS-NP or PS-MP induced apoptosis of cells at 5 or 10 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, PS-NP enhanced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10) with the lowest effective concentration (LOEC) of 1, 0.01, and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. PS-MP enhanced secretion of TNF-α and IL-10 with the LOEC of 1 and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. We further studied the possible mechanisms of the effects of PS-NP or PS-MP on RAW264.7 cells. We found they might cause cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects by producing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the cells. Accordingly, our results demonstrated that PS-NP and PS-MP had cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages, which might further lead to intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we revealed that the PS-NP had more potent adverse impacts on macrophages than PS-MP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fan Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kunqian Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fenqing Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huixiang Hu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prado Y, Aravena C, Aravena D, Eltit F, Gatica S, Riedel CA, Simon F. Small Plastics, Big Inflammatory Problems. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:101-127. [PMID: 37093424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is the first defense against potentially dangerous chemicals, infections, and damaged cells. Interactions between immune cells and inflammatory mediators increase the coordinated activation of cross-talking signaling pathways, resulting in an acute response necessary to restore homeostasis but potentially detrimental if uncontrolled and prolonged. Plastic production exceeds million tons per year, becoming a global concern due to the stability of its constituent polymers, low density, which allows them to spread easily, and small size, which prevents proper removal by wastewater treatment plants, promoting environmental accumulation and increasing health threats. The interaction between plastic particles and the immune system is still being investigated, owing to growing evidence of increased risk not only for dietary intake due to its presence in food packaging, drinking water, and even fruits and vegetables, but also to emerging evidence of new intake pathways such as respiratory and cutaneous. We discuss in depth the impact of small plastic particles on the immune response across the body, with a focus on the nervous system and peripheral organs and tissues such as the gastrointestinal, respiratory, lymphatic, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems, as well as the involvement in increased susceptibility to worsening concomitant diseases and future perspectives in the exploration of potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prado
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Aravena
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Aravena
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu YY, Liu J, Wu H, Zhang Q, Tang XR, Li D, Li CS, Liu Y, Cao A, Wang H. Endocytosis, Distribution, and Exocytosis of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010084. [PMID: 36615994 PMCID: PMC9824409 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics, one component of plastic pollution, can enter human bodies via inhalation and thus threaten human health. However, the knowledge about the uptake and exocytosis of nanoplastics in cells of human lung organs is still very limited. Herein, we investigated the endocytosis, distribution, and exocytosis of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) of 50 nm (G50PS) and 100 nm (R100PS) in A549 cells and BEAS-2B cells. We found that both the cellular uptake of PS NPs increased positively with exposure time and dose, and A549 cells ingested more PS NPs than BEAS-2B cells did. In addition, the intracellular content of G50PS was higher than that of R100PS except at a higher dose and longer time. The ingested PS NPs were distributed mainly in lysosomes, while many G50PS appeared around the cell membrane, and R100PS also accumulated in mitochondria in BEAS-2B cells. As for the exocytosis, R100PS was more difficult to excrete than G50PS. Lysosomes in A549 cells and actin and microtubule in BEAS-2B cells were involved in the exocytosis of the PS NPs. These findings provide detailed information about the translocation of nanoplastics in lung cells, which is valuable for the safety assessment of nanoplastics in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue-Rui Tang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen-Si Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Walker TR, Wang L, Horton A, Xu EG. Micro(nano)plastic toxicity and health effects: Special issue guest editorial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107626. [PMID: 36379729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Alice Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van den Berg AET, Plantinga M, Vethaak D, Adriaans KJ, Bol-Schoenmakers M, Legler J, Smit JJ, Pieters RHH. Environmentally weathered polystyrene particles induce phenotypical and functional maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunotoxicol 2022; 19:125-133. [PMID: 36422989 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2022.2143968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) are ubiquitously present in the environment due to their high persistence and bioaccumulative properties. Humans get exposed to MNP via various routes and consequently, they will encounter dendritic cells (DC) which are antigen-presenting cells involved in regulating immune responses. The consequences of DC exposure to MNP are an important, yet understudied, cause of concern. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the uptake and effect of MNP in vitro by exposing human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) to virgin and environmentally weathered polystyrene (PS) particles of different sizes (0.2, 1, and 10 µm), at different concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µg/ml. The effects of these particles were examined by measuring co-stimulatory surface marker (i.e. CD83 and CD86) expression. In addition, T-cell proliferation was measured via a mixed-leukocyte reaction (MLR) assay. The results showed that MoDC were capable of absorbing PS particles, and this was facilitated by pre-incubation in heat-inactivated (HI) plasma. Furthermore, depending on their size, weathered PS particles in particular caused increased expression of CD83 and CD86 on MoDC. Lastly, weathered 0.2 µm PS particles were able to functionally activate MoDC, leading to an increase in T-cell activation. These in vitro data suggest that, depending on their size, weathered PS particles might act as an immunostimulating adjuvant, possibly leading to T-cell sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maud Plantinga
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Vethaak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J Adriaans
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H H Pieters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Basini G, Bussolati S, Andriani L, Grolli S, Bertini S, Iemmi T, Menozzi A, Quintavalla F, Ramoni R, Serventi P, Grasselli F. The effects of nanoplastics on adipose stromal cells from swine tissues. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 81:106747. [PMID: 35728298 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the main sources of marine and terrestrial pollution. This material can fragment into micro- (<-5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (<100 nm) following degradation. Animals are exposed to these particles by ingesting contaminated food, respiration or filtration, and transdermally. In organisms, NPs can cross biological membranes, and cause oxidative stress, cell damage, apoptosis, and endocrine interference. We previously demonstrated that polystyrene - NPs interfered with ovarian cell functions. Since reproduction involves a high energy expenditure and a crucial role is played by adipose tissue, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NPs on primary adipose stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from swine adipose tissues. In particular, the effects on cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, inflammatory process mediators and oxidative stress markers were assessed. The obtained results did not reveal a significant variation in cell proliferation, metabolic activity was increased (P < 0.01) but only at the lowest concentration, while viability showed a significant decrease after prolonged exposure to NPs (P < 0.01). TNF-α was increased (P < 0.05), while PAI-1 was inhibited (P < 0.001). Redox status was significantly modified; in particular, the production of O2-, H2O2 and NO was stimulated (P < 0.05), the non-enzymatic antioxidant power was reduced (P < 0.05) while catalase activity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Basini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - S Bussolati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Andriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - S Grolli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - S Bertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - T Iemmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Menozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - F Quintavalla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - R Ramoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - P Serventi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - F Grasselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bonanomi M, Salmistraro N, Porro D, Pinsino A, Colangelo AM, Gaglio D. Polystyrene micro and nano-particles induce metabolic rewiring in normal human colon cells: A risk factor for human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134947. [PMID: 35580641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene is a thermoplastic polymer widely used in commercial products. Like all plastics, polystyrene can be degraded into microplastic and nanoplastic particles and ingested via food chain contamination. Although the ecological impact due to plastic contamination is well known, there are no studies indicating a carcinogenic potential of polystyrene microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). Here, we evaluated the effects of the MPs and NPs on normal human intestinal CCD-18Co cells. Our results show that internalization of NPs and MPs induces metabolic changes under both acute and chronic exposure by inducing oxidative stress, increasing glycolysis via lactate to sustain energy metabolism and glutamine metabolism to sustain anabolic processes. We also show that this decoupling of nutrients mirrors the effect of the potent carcinogenic agent azoxymethane and HCT15 colon cancer cells, carrying out the typical strategy of cancer cells to optimize nutrients utilization and allowing metabolic adaptation to environmental stress conditions. Taken together our data provide new evidence that chronic NPs and MPs exposure could act as cancer risk factor for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Bonanomi
- ISBE. IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza Della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Salmistraro
- ISBE. IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza Della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy; Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Danilo Porro
- ISBE. IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza Della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy; Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- ISBE. IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza Della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- ISBE. IT/ Centre of Systems Biology, Piazza Della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy; Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, MI, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|