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Navarro-Murillo E, Rico-Fernandez P, Barquero-Peralbo JI, Arias A, Garcia-Ordiales E. PAH levels in sediments from a coastal area heavily subjected to anthropogenic pressure (Asturias, north of Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115933. [PMID: 38184860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ninety-two sediment samples collected along the Asturias coastline (north of Spain), were studied based on their concentrations of 16PAHs. Concentrations of Σ16PAH showed an average of 12.650 mg kg-1 d.w., which is higher than most other studies conducted around the world. The origins of PAHs present in the sediments are mainly from fuel combustion in industrial processes. The main source of PAH to the coastal system seems to be the Nalón River, which played a significant past role related to different industrial activities, highlighting thermal power stations located in the basin. On the other hand, the Avilés Estuary, hotspot of the regional heavy metallurgical industry was the area with the highest concentrations of Σ16PAH, with an average of 5 to 6 times higher than the rest studied. The risk assessment of Σ16PAH concentrations in the study area showed a high potential risk of contamination transfer to other environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enol Navarro-Murillo
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pelayo Rico-Fernandez
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Barquero-Peralbo
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain; Escuela de Ingeniería Minera e Industrial de Almadén, Pl. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Arias
- Organisms and Systems Department (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Efren Garcia-Ordiales
- ISYMA Research Group, Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering School, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain.
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2
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Lu Z, Tian W, Zhang S, Chu M, Zhao J, Liu B, Yang K, Cao H, Chen Z. Spatiotemporal variability of PAHs and their derivatives in sediments of the Laizhou Bay in the eastern China: Occurrence, source, and ecological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132351. [PMID: 37625296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
To understand the pollution status and risk levels in the Laizhou Bay, the spatiotemporal distribution, source, and ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 20 substituted PAHs (SPAHs) were studied in surface sediments in 2022. The findings indicated significant seasonal differences in the concentrations of PAHs and SPAHs under the influences of precipitation, temperature, light, and human activities, with higher storage levels in summer than in spring, and there was also a spatial distribution trend of estuary > coast > offshore. 2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) and 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) were the most abundant components of SPAHs in both spring and summer, with levels of 21.44 ng/g and 17.89 ng/g in spring, 43.22 ng/g and 25.51 ng/g in summer, respectively. The results of the diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis - multiple linear regression identified sources of PAHs and SPAHs as combustion sources, including petroleum, coal, and biomass. The risk level of PAHs was low-to-moderate according to the toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) and risk quotient. A novel calculation method based on TEQ was proposed to assess the ecological risk of SPAHs, and the results indicated that the risk level of SPAHs was moderate-to-high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Surong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Meile Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Bingkun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Huimin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
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3
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Lin L, Huang Y, Wang P, Chen CC, Qian W, Zhu X, Xu X. Environmental occurrence and ecotoxicity of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132015. [PMID: 37437480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic products such as fishing nets and foam buoys have been widely used in aquaculture. To enhance the desirable characteristics of the final equipment, plastic gear for aquaculture is mixed with a wide range of additives. Recent studies have shown that additives could be leached out to the environment with a long-term use of aquaculture plastics, forming aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. It should be emphasized that some leachates such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine disruptors, which could increase the exposure risk of aquatic products and subsequently display potential threats to human health via food chain. However, systematic studies on the release, occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates are missing, overlooking their potential sources and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments. We have reviewed and compared the concentrations of major plastic leachates in the water environment and organisms of global aquaculture and non-farmed areas, confirming that aquaculture leachate is an important source of contaminants in the environment. Moreover, the toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic additives and the related mechanisms are summarized with fish as a representative, revealing their potential health risk. In addition, we proposed current challenges and future research needs, which provides scientific guidance for the use and management of plastic products in aquaculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ciara Chun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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4
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Yu H, Hu T, Mao Y, Liao T, Shi M, Liu W, Li M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Xing X, Qi S. Influence of temperature and precipitation on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: simulation experiments on peat cores from a typical alpine peatland in Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37859-37874. [PMID: 36575261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The corresponding relationships between temperature, precipitation, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in a typical ombrotrophic peatland in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, were quantitatively characterized by field sampling tests validated with simulation experiments. The PAH concentrations of peat cores in Dajiuhu peatland ranged from 262 to 977 ng·g-1, with a mean value of 536 ± 284 ng·g-1. PAHs were mainly composed of 2-3 ring PAHs, accounting for 31.7% ± 2.00% and 31.7% ± 5.00%, respectively. The concentration of PAHs in peat cores showed a significant decrease with increasing temperature, while the low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) were more sensitive to temperature changes compared to the high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Besides, with the increase of quantity and velocity of leaching liquid, PAHs in peat were first transferred in the form of attached large-size particles and then gradually entered the aqueous phase. According to the IPCC projections of global warming, Dajiuhu peatland will release 956 ± 26.3 kg·°C-1 PAHs into gas phase during 2030-2052, and a conservative projection based on local temperature trends showed that 459 ± 12.6 kg·°C-1 PAHs will be released into gas phase by 2047 in Dajiuhu peatland. The projected release fluxes of PAHs in Dajiuhu peatland with precipitation volume and precipitation velocity are 381 ± 201 kg·100 mm-1 and 1052 ± 167 kg·min·mL-1, respectively, which are primarily from peat into particulate and aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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5
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Boyd A, Luu I, Mehta D, Myers SP, Stewart CB, Shivakumar KR, Snihur KN, Alessi DS, Rodriguez Gallo MC, Veilleux H, Wiltse ME, Borch T, Uhrig RG, Blewett TA. Persisting Effects in Daphnia magna Following an Acute Exposure to Flowback and Produced Waters from the Montney Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2380-2392. [PMID: 36724135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing extracts oil and gas through the injection of water and proppants into subterranean formations. These injected fluids mix with the host rock formation and return to the surface as a complex wastewater containing salts, metals, and organic compounds, termed flowback and produced water (FPW). Previous research indicates that FPW is toxic to Daphnia magna (D. magna), impairing reproduction, molting, and maturation time; however, recovery from FPW has not been extensively studied. Species unable to recover have drastic impacts on populations on the ecological scale; thus, this study sought to understand if recovery from an acute 48 h FPW exposure was possible in the freshwater invertebrate, D. magna by using a combination of physiological and molecular analyses. FPW (0.75%) reduced reproduction by 30% and survivorship to 32% compared to controls. System-level quantitative proteomic analyses demonstrate extensive perturbation of metabolism and protein transport in both 0.25 and 0.75% FPW treatments after a 48 h FPW exposure. Collectively, our data indicate that D. magna are unable to recover from acute 48 h exposures to ≥0.25% FPW, as evidence of toxicity persists for at least 19 days post-exposure. This study highlights the importance of considering persisting effects following FPW remediation when modeling potential spill scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ivy Luu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Devang Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sunil P Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Connor B Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Karthik R Shivakumar
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Katherine N Snihur
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | | | - Heather Veilleux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Marin E Wiltse
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - R Glen Uhrig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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6
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Dornberger LN, Montagna PA, Ainsworth CH. Simulating oil-driven abundance changes in benthic marine invertebrates using an ecosystem model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120450. [PMID: 36273693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field studies showed that benthic macrofauna and meiofauna abundances increased with sediment oil concentration in areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Benthic invertebrate biomass shows a dome-shaped relationship with respect to petrogenic hydrocarbon concentrations suggesting a positive effect on biomass at low-to-medium oil concentrations and a negative effect at high concentrations. If this is due to enrichment of the benthic food web, then this adds to an emerging picture of a food web response over a large spatial area with both abundance increases and decreases as a result of DWH. We would be obliged to consider long term multispecies effects beyond the initial pulse disturbance in modeling impacts and recovery of economically valuable species. An Atlantis ecosystem model of the Gulf of Mexico is used to simulate three mechanisms that could explain observed changes in the invertebrate community. Scenario 1 is that stimulation of surface primary productivity occurred as a result of nutrient loading caused by diversion of Mississippi River water into Barataria Bay (a mitigation action taken during the DWH oil spill). Scenario 2 is that enrichment of the benthos occurred due to detrital loading from marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA). Scenario 3 is that predator declines and/or avoidance of oiled areas caused a release of predation mortality on benthic invertebrates. Scenario 2 (MOSSFA) stimulated the detritus-driven food web and was best able to cause a net increase in invertebrate biomass despite a realistic amount of oil toxicity. Scenario 3 (predator release) plausibly could have contributed to changes in benthic invertebrates. Scenario 1 (nutrient loading) had little impact on the benthos suggesting the benthic food web is decoupled from local pelagic production sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Dornberger
- College of Marine Science. University of South Florida. 140 7th St. Petersburg, FL. 33701, USA
| | - P A Montagna
- Harte Research Institute. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412-5869, USA
| | - C H Ainsworth
- College of Marine Science. University of South Florida. 140 7th St. Petersburg, FL. 33701, USA.
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De Rosa E, Montuori P, Triassi M, Masucci A, Nardone A. Occurrence and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Sele River, Southern Italy: Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in a Water-Sediment System. TOXICS 2022; 10:662. [PMID: 36355953 PMCID: PMC9697341 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, possible sources, and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were studied by analyzing water column (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples from 10 sites on the Sele River. Total PCBs concentration ranged from 2.94 to 54.4 ng/L and 5.01 to 79.3 ng/g in the seawater and sediment samples, with OCPs concentration in the range of 0.51 to 8.76 ng/L and 0.50 to 10.2 ng/g, respectively. Pollutants loads in the seaside were measured in approximately 89.7 kg/year (73.2 kg/year of PCBs and 16.5 kg/year of OCPs), indicating that the watercourse could be an important cause of contamination to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Statistical analysis indicates that all polychlorinated biphenyls analytes are more probable to derive from surface runoff than an atmospheric deposition. The results explain that higher concentrations of these pollutants were built in sediment samples rather than in the other two phases, which are evidence of historical loads of PCBs and OCPs contaminants. The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Ecological Risk Index (ERI) and the Risk Quotient (RQ) show that the Sele river and its estuary would reputedly be a zone possibly at risk.
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8
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Dai Q, Wang Y, Chen L, Li P, Xia S, Huang Q. Contamination of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban source water at the tidal reach of the Yangtze River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61222-61235. [PMID: 35438400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the occurrence, source, and risk of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban source water at the tidal reach of the Yangtze River, eighty-nine surface water samples were collected in 8 field campaigns from July 2018 to November 2019. Fifteen of 16 PAHs except for dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DBA) were found in the water. Detection frequencies were observed between 53 and 72% for PAHs with 4 rings, while most of other PAHs were less detected, e.g., benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in 31% of samples. The total concentrations of 16 priority PAHs reached up to 2.8 µg·L-1 and increased during the tidal transitions from flood to ebb. The average concentrations of PAHs in ebb tides were higher than those in flood tides. PAH concentrations and compositions showed great variation with different sampling campaigns, and higher levels and more components were observed in the rainy months and cold months. Those priority PAHs in the tidal water source are mainly from combustion activities (especially fossil fuel combustion), but the contribution from oil spills/leakage is also important in rainy months. High-molecular-weight PAHs in this tidal water source may pose risks to aquatic life, while they pose no carcinogenic risk to human health via ingestion of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shengji Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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9
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Jesus F, Pereira JL, Campos I, Santos M, Ré A, Keizer J, Nogueira A, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153282. [PMID: 35066033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martha Santos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacob Keizer
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Liu X, Sun R, Hu S, Zhong Y, Wu Y. Aromatic compounds releases aroused by sediment resuspension alter nitrate transformation rates and pathways during aerobic-anoxic transition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127365. [PMID: 34879562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds (ACs) releases aroused by sediment resuspension would certainly change the concentrations of suspended sediment (SPS) and organic carbon, which may alter nitrate-N transformation during aerobic-anoxic transition. To prove this, three typical ACs (aniline, nitrobenzene, and methylbenzene) with different octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) were selected to investigate the effects of ACs releases aroused by sediment resuspension on nitrate-N transformation during aerobic-anoxic transition. ACs releases aroused by sediment resuspension accelerated nitrate-N transformation and enhanced the potential for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), compared to that without sediment resuspension. With sediment resuspension, methylbenzene releases affected nitrate-N transformation rates and pathways more significantly than aniline and nitrobenzene releases. Microbial analysis indicated that sediment resuspension created complicated microbial co-occurrence networks and changed the associations among bacteria; dominant bacteria abundance varied with different ACs releases. Further analysis revealed that ACs distributed in SPS, which increased with logKow, indirectly affected nitrate-N transformation rates and pathways via altering dominant bacteria abundance and electron transport system activity (ETSA). Especially, ETSA, which was positively associated with ACs distributed in SPS, affected nitrate-N transformation most directly. Overall, ACs release fate played important roles in nitrate-N transformation, causing ammonia-N retention and alterations in nitrogen cycle during aerobic-anoxic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sihai Hu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yangquanwei Zhong
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yaoguo Wu
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
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11
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Bhardwaj LK, Sharma S, Jindal T. Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Lake Water at Grovnes Peninsula Over East Antarctica. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Wang W, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments: A case study of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117709. [PMID: 34243082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to sediments is important for achieving long-term pollution control of PAHs in sediments. In this study, by exploring the correlation of individual PAHs concentrations (CPAHs) in Taihu Lake sediments reported in the past twenty years with their annual emissions (EPAHs) in the lake region, it was observed that mean concentrations of PAHs with low logKow (i.e., logKow≤4.00) in Taihu Lake sediments were correlated best with their emissions without lagging between the sediment sampling time and the PAHs emitting time. However, for PAHs with middle logKow (i.e., 4.00<logKow≤4.57) or high logKow (i.e., logKow>4.57), their mean concentrations in sediments were correlated best with the emissions of PAHs emitted 1 or 2 years before the sediment sampling time. The longer lagging time of PAHs with middle or high logKow from emission sources to lake sediments could be attributed to their retardation in soils and river sediments around the lake. Moreover, the retardation in soils and river sediments is dependent on PAHs logKow and degradation half-life, indicating the dependence of PAHs concentration in sediments on their environmental behaviors, including sorption and degradation. Kow dependent movement and the time lagging observed in Taihu Lake for PAHs from emission sources to sediments could be valuable for developing measures to control PAHs, especially for congeners with high logKow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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Du W, Liu M, Li Y, Zhu J, Wei X, Yang J, Huang Y, Zhao D, Gao D, Qadeer A. Cross-interface transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a shallow urban lake in Shanghai, China based on the fugacity model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139369. [PMID: 32497886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow urban lakes are important urban ecosystems; however, these systems are subject to severe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. An understanding of the distribution and dynamics of PAHs in lakes is required to restore the functions of lake ecosystems and to ensure the ecological security of urban water sources. The Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction (QWASI) model and partition coefficient and fugacity fraction methods were applied to estimate the multimedia transfers of PAHs in Dianshan Lake, a typical shallow lake in Shanghai, China. In addition, some new concepts and methods related to PAH transfers were introduced. The results showed that while the gas-solid partition in the area remained in non-equilibrium, the influence of pollution sources tended to weaken. Atmospheric advection was the main source of PAHs to the lake, and a portion of the net loss of advection was transformed into total flux of cross-interface transfers, in which transport fluxes from air to water and from water to sediment were dominant, with a significant correlation between the two types of transfer. The large resuspension of high molecular weight (HMW)-PAHs occurred, possibly related to frequent hydrodynamic disturbances. Furthermore, this study explored the distribution of PAHs among different compartments and the seasonal variation of multimedia transfers. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model is remarkably sensitive to four parameters including temperature and advection. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis verified that the simulation results were stable and reliable. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and control of shallow lake pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weining Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., 200062 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
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Pan Y, Yuan Y, Sun T, Wang Y, Xie Y, Fan Z. Are the Water Quality Improvement Measures of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project Effective? A Case Study of Xuzhou Section in the East Route. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176388. [PMID: 32887294 PMCID: PMC7503950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Xuzhou is the hub city of the east route of China's South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project and implemented dozens of measures to ensure the water quality security of the water transmission line. In order to detect the effectiveness of water quality improvement measures, the monthly water quality data of five water quality parameters from 2005 to 2015 of six state-controlled monitoring sites in Xuzhou section were selected for analysis. The results showed that the water quality improved from 2.95 in 2005 to 2.74 in 2015, as assessed by the comprehensive water quality identification index (CWQII), and basically reached the Class III standards of China's Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) from 2011 to 2015. The trend analysis showed that the decline of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was the most obvious among the five water quality parameters. However, the concentrations of phosphorus (TP) showed significant upward trends at three sites. The positive abrupt change of time series of water quality occurred in 2009-2011. The identification of influencing factors of water quality changes by multivariate statistical methods found that the urbanization factor accompanied by a decrease in agricultural nonpoint source pollution emissions and the enhancement of wastewater treatment capacity, the closure of factories with substandard emissions and precipitation were the major influencing factors of most water quality parameters, which confirmed the effectiveness of measures for water quality improvement in Xuzhou.
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Yang H, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J, Dong H, Jiang R, Zhou R, Zhang P, Sun Y, Nkoom M. Occurrence, spatial-temporal distribution and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products response to water diversion across the rivers in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113132. [PMID: 31520901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water diversion projects have been continuously used to alleviate water quality issues that arise during urbanization. However, studies about whether it has possible effects on the status of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are limited. In this study, the occurrence trends and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of 50 PPCPs were investigated in surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments in Nanjing urban rivers under the background of the water diversion project from the Yangtze River to the Qinhuai River. In the four field campaigns that were embarked on April to July 2018, a total of 40, 38 and 24 PPCPs were detected in surface water, SPM and sediments, respectively, with overall concentrations of 138-1990 ng/L, 3214-33,701 ng/g and 12.1-109 ng/g dry weight (dw) among nine sampling sites. The excessive concentration of caffeine (20.6-905 ng/L) may be evidence of the direct discharge of untreated sewage and an obvious indicator of the overall concentrations of PPCPs. The PPCPs contamination levels in surface water were increased along with the direction of the water diversion in urban runoff, and decreased by 8-31% due to the increase in volume attributable to the water diversion. The distribution coefficients (Kd) of pollutants in the SPM-water phases (3.0-5.6 L/kg) were two orders of magnitude higher than those in the sediment-water phases (0.3-3.3 L/kg). And the positive correlations between their log Kow and SPM-water log Kd values indicated SPM was the important carrier determining the fate of organic UV filters. Furthermore, the results of ecological risk assessment demonstrated that although the increase in the volume of water caused by the water diversion reduced the overall ecological risks of PPCPs in urban rivers, the current contamination level still represents high risks to algae and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Runren Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Zhao Z, Qin Z, Xia L, Zhang D, Mela SM, Li Y. The responding and ecological contribution of biofilm-leaves of submerged macrophytes on phenanthrene dissipation in sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:357-365. [PMID: 30572298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial communities and ecological contribution of biofilm-leaves of the Vallisneria natans (VN), Hydrilla verticillata (HV) and artificial plant (AP) settled in sediments with different polluted levels of phenanthrene were investigated by high-throughput sequencing in different growth periods. There was no significant difference among the detected Alpha diversity indices based on three classification, attached surface, spiking concentration and incubation time. While Beta diversity analysis assessed by PCoA on operational taxonomic units (OTU) indicated that bacterial community structures were significantly influenced in order of attached surface > incubation time > spiking concentration of phenanthrene in sediment. Moreover, the results of hierarchical dendrograms and heat maps at genus level were consistent with PCoA analysis. We speculated that the weak influence of phenanthrene spiking concentration in sediment might be related to lower concentration and smaller concentration gradient of phenanthrene in leaves. Meanwhile, difference analysis suggested that attached surface was inclined to influence the rare genera up to significant level than incubation time. In general, the results proved that phenanthrene concentrations, submerged macrophytes categories and incubation time did influence the bacterial community of biofilm-leaves. In turn, results also showed a non-negligible ecological contribution of biofilm-leaves in dissipating the phenanthrene in sediments (>13.2%-17.1%) in contrast with rhizosphere remediation (2.5%-3.2% for HV and 9.9%-10.6% for VN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Zhirui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Liling Xia
- Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing, 210016, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Sara Margaret Mela
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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17
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Guigue C, Tedetti M, Dang DH, Mullot JU, Garnier C, Goutx M. Remobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic matter in seawater during sediment resuspension experiments from a polluted coastal environment: Insights from Toulon Bay (France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:627-638. [PMID: 28689151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic matter contents were measured in seawater during resuspension experiments using sediments collected from Toulon Bay (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France). The studied sediments were very highly contaminated in PAHs, especially in 4-ring compounds emitted from combustion processes. The sediments used for resuspension experiments were collected at 0-2 cm (diagenetically new organic matter, OM) and 30-32 cm depths (diagenetically transformed OM). They were both mostly composed of fine particles (<63 μm), enriched in organic carbon (8.2 and 6.3%, respectively) and in PAHs (concentration of Σ34 PAHs: 38.2 and 35.7 × 103 ng g-1, respectively). The resuspension of these sediments led to an increase in concentrations of dissolved Σ34 PAHs, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved humic- and tryptophan-like fluorophores in seawater up to 10-, 1.3-, 4.4- and 5.7-fold, respectively. The remobilization in seawater was higher for 4-6 ring PAHs, especially benzo(g,h,i)perylene, whose concentration exceeded the threshold values of the European Water Framework Directive. This noted the potential harmful effects of sediment resuspension on marine biota. From these sediment resuspension experiments, we determined OC-normalized partition coefficients of PAHs between sediment and water (Koc) and found that during such events, the transfer of PAHs from sediment particles to seawater was lower than that predicted from octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) (i.e., measured Koc > Koc predicted from Kow). The results confirmed the sequestration role of sedimentary OC quality and grain size on PAHs; the OM diagenetic state seemed to impact the partition process but in a relatively minor way. Furthermore, differences were observed between 2-4 ring and 5-6 ring PAHs, with the latter displaying a relatively higher mobility towards seawater. These differences may be explained by the distribution of these two PAH pools within different OM moieties, such as humic substances and black carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Duc Huy Dang
- Laboratoire PROTEE, EA 3819, Université de Toulon, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde, France
| | | | - Cédric Garnier
- Laboratoire PROTEE, EA 3819, Université de Toulon, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde, France; Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UMR7294, 83041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Madeleine Goutx
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
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Zhang D, Wang JJ, Ni HG, Zeng H. Spatial-temporal and multi-media variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a highly urbanized river from South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:621-628. [PMID: 28077210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within an urban river are urgently needed to carry out strategies to limit their contamination and dispersal. Here, we analyzed 16 PAH occurrences in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment monthly for a year in the Maozhou River mainstream (Shenzhen, South China). Monthly rainfall positively correlated with both total PAH concentrations in filtered water (water PAHs) and SPM. Sediment PAH concentration increased from the river source to estuary. Compared to the earlier record, the sediment PAHs decreased at almost all sites due to the high-molecular-weight PAH (≥4 rings; especially the 4-ring PAH) degradation, except the estuary site that accumulated more low-molecular-weight PAHs (<4 rings). Results suggest that the water and SPM PAHs had similar and recent sources (e.g., rainfall and storm runoff) and actively exchanged with each other. The sediment PAHs had relatively different and complicated sources (fossil fuel combustion: 44.0%; oil pollution: 28.4%; biomass burning: 27.6%), and showed a long-term accumulation effect and increasingly weaker source-sink relation with both water and SPM PAHs from river source to estuary. This study highlights a disconnection in the source and migration mechanism between the water body (including water and SPM) and sediment PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Belles A, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Alary C. Simulation of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons remobilization from a river sediment using laboratory experiments supported by passive sampling techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2426-2436. [PMID: 26416124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resuspension of bedded sediments was simulated under laboratory-controlled conditions in order to assess the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) remobilized in the dissolved fraction during one short and vigorous mixing. The desorbed amount of PAH was compared to the exchangeable fraction, the total amount of PAH sorbed on the sediment particles, and the dissolved PAH amount contained in the interstitial pore waters in order to evaluate the contribution of each fraction to the total amount of PAH released. To monitor the desorption of PAH and measure low trace level concentrations, passive samplers were used in an experimental open flow through exposure simulator. Results show that for the selected sediment, a substantial fraction of sorbed PAH (69 % of the total amount) is not available for remobilization in a depleted medium. Obtained data pinpoint that over 9 days, only 0.007 % of PAH are desorbed by passive diffusion through a water-sediment interface area of 415 cm(2) and that an intense resuspension event of 15 min induces desorption of 0.015 % of PAH during the following 9 days. Results also highlight that during resuspension simulation, modifications of the sediment and the water body occurred since partitioning constants of some pollutants between sediment and water have significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Belles
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France.
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Claire Alary
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France
- Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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20
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Lin L, Yuan K, Liang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zou S, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrences and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in the Yangtze River Estuary and nearby coastal area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:304-310. [PMID: 26349787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of highly impacted estuaries needs to be examined with respect to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In the present study, sulfonamide resistance (sul), tetracycline resistance (tet) and class I integron (int1) genes were ubiquitous in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary (YE) and nearby coastal area, and exhibited a declining trend from the inner estuary to the coast. Good relationships were only observed between int1 and sul1 genes, implying that int1 gene is essential to the proliferation of sul1 gene. A non-significant correlation between int1 and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the int1 gene came from pollution sources of ARGs instead of being intrinsic in environmental bacterial populations. Sulfonamides were rarely detected in the sediments of this region, so could not result in the production of sul genes in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Ke Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shichun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Baowei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Bet R, Bícego MC, Martins CC. Sedimentary hydrocarbons and sterols in a South Atlantic estuarine/shallow continental shelf transitional environment under oil terminal and grain port influences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:183-194. [PMID: 25935801 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sterols and hydrocarbons were determined in the surface sediments from the transitional environment between Paranaguá Bay and the shallow continental shelf in the South Atlantic to assess the sources of organic matter (OM) and the contamination status of an area exposed to multiple anthropogenic inputs. Total aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations were less than 10μgg(-1), which is typical of unpolluted sediments, and related to recent inputs from higher terrestrial plants. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ranged from<DL to 14.41ngg(-1) (dry weight), which was predominantly derived from combustion with non-detectable levels occurring in 65% of the samples. Sterols typically related to marine sources predominated in the analysed sediments. Hence, the study area was protected from human activity. The relative absence of anthropogenic input and OM preservation clearly indicate that the organic markers analysed can be used to investigate the biogenic input of sedimentary OM in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bet
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Nie M, Yan C, Dong W, Liu M, Zhou J, Yang Y. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of estrogens in surface water, suspended particulate matter, and sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:109-116. [PMID: 25676496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of six selected estrogen compounds were investigated in samples of surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment in the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal areas over four seasons. With the exception of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), all estrogens were detected at least once in all three phases with bisphenol A (BPA) and estriol (E3) as the dominant estrogens in all phases. EE2 was not detected in any surface water samples. In addition, the highest total estrogen concentrations were found in January in all phases, which could be due to the low flow conditions and temperature during this season. A significant positive correlation was found between total estrogen concentrations and organic carbon (OC) contents, both in the water phase and solid phase (i.e. SPM and sediment), indicating the vital role played by OC. Based on a yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay, the higher estrogenic risk was found in the SPM and sediment phase when compared to the water phase. These results were confirmed by a risk assessment which revealed that the Yangtze Estuary was displayed a low to high risk over the seasons for all selected estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Department of Geosciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Pie HV, Heyes A, Mitchelmore CL. Investigating the use of oil platform marine fouling invertebrates as monitors of oil exposure in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:553-565. [PMID: 25434470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of 51 parent and alkylated PAHs was examined in oysters, Ostrea equestris, and corals, Tubastrea coccinea, collected from oil-rig structures off the coast of Louisiana during April and May 2011 to investigate their potential use as monitors for offshore contamination events. Corals and oysters collected from both sampling trips had lower PAH accumulation than most bivalves collected in previous studies near the shoreline of Louisiana and elsewhere in the Gulf of Mexico. In April, total PAH (TPAH) concentrations ranged from 8.73 to 15.17 ng g(-1) in corals and 2.52 to 22.04 ng g(-1) in oysters. In May, corals and oysters had elevated concentrations of TPAH ranging from 24.28 to 79.23 ng g(-1) and 7.18 to 95.55 ng g(-1), respectively. This increase could be a result of Mississippi River flooding that occurred during that time, as evidenced by the high perylene concentrations (3.92-41.49 ng g(-1)) measured in May oysters. Oysters and corals collected in May from MC21B, the closest rig to the Mississippi River Delta, had the highest TPAH concentrations observed among all locations and the only rig to have predominantly petrogenic source inputs. Overall, given the low baseline of PAHs demonstrated in this study and the rapid accumulation of diagnostic chemicals in response to a possible contamination event (i.e. sediment plume from May flooding), oil-rig invertebrates could make excellent monitoring tools to examine the exposure to and recovery from oil (and oil-spill response options) in the offshore Northern Gulf of Mexico. Pre-spill baseline data of chemical and biological biomarkers of contamination is key to better estimating the impacts and recovery of oil exposure. Therefore, this screen of PAH accumulation represents a crucial first step in determining baseline contaminant levels in order to utilize these unique resources as monitors for offshore oil exposure in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah V Pie
- University of Maryland-Baltimore, Graduate Program of Life Sciences, Program in Toxicology, 660W. Redwood St., Rm. 134, Howard Hall, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Andrew Heyes
- University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Carys L Mitchelmore
- University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.
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Shi H, Yang Y, Liu M, Yan C, Yue H, Zhou J. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in the surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary and nearby coastal areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 83:317-23. [PMID: 24820640 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of five groups of antibiotics were investigated in the surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary over four seasons. Four tetracyclines (TCs), sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), enrofloxacin (EFC) and thiamphenicol (TAP) were detected in all the samples, while sulfamerazine (SM) and sulfathiazole (ST) showed the lowest detection frequency. The detection frequencies and antibiotic concentrations were generally higher in January and May, indicating that low flow conditions and low temperature might enhance the persistence of antibiotics in sediment. Antibiotic levels varied with location, with the highest concentrations being observed around river discharges and sewage outfalls. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the concentration of quinolones and TOC revealed the significant role played by TOC. The concentration of quinolones at Wusongkou exceeded the trigger value (0.10 mg kg(-1)) of the Steering Committee of the Veterinary International Committee on Harmonization (VICH), which should be paid attention to in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haiying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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de Abreu-Mota MA, de Moura Barboza CA, Bícego MC, Martins CC. Sedimentary biomarkers along a contamination gradient in a human-impacted sub-estuary in Southern Brazil: a multi-parameter approach based on spatial and seasonal variability. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:156-163. [PMID: 24359920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The composition and seasonal variations of sedimentary organic matter were investigated along the Cotinga sub-estuary, located in Paranaguá Bay, a large South American estuary where urban activities and the primary Brazilian grain shipping port are sources of pollution. Steroids and hydrocarbons were analyzed in surface sediments collected during the austral winter (2008) and summer (2009) in three distinct sectors, along this sub-estuary in a presumed gradient of fecal contamination. Concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 7.33 μgg (-1) (in dry sample weight thereafter), <DL (below detection limit) to 57.2 ng g(-1) and <DL to 1.69 μg g(-1) for aliphatic hydrocarbons (ΣAHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs) and coprostanol, respectively. Petrogenic inputs may be considered as source of AHs due to the presence of unresolved complex mixture in the majority of sites; however the levels observed do not indicate oil contamination. The highest ΣPAHs concentrations were found during the summer in the middle sector of the sub-estuary but were below the threshold effect levels (TEL), suggesting the absence of contamination by PAHs. Selected PAH isomer ratios indicated pyrolytic sources, whereas fecal sterols indicated decreasing sewage contamination from sub-estuary to the open ocean. The absence of correlation between organic markers and grain-size parameters suggested no preferential deposition sites of organic matter in the study area. The Principal Components Analysis suggested spatial variation in the distribution of sterols and AHs; however, temporal variations were only evident in the distribution of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alves de Abreu-Mota
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO) da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Moura Barboza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Marinha, Rua Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, P.O. Box 100.644, 24001-970 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo - Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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26
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Chen F, Taylor WD, Anderson WB, Huck PM. Application of fingerprint-based multivariate statistical analyses in source characterization and tracking of contaminated sediment migration in surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:224-231. [PMID: 23688735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the suitability of multivariate techniques, including principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis, for analysing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal-contaminated aquatic sediment data. We show that multivariate "fingerprint" analysis of relative abundances of contaminants can characterize a contamination source and distinguish contaminated sediments of interest from background contamination. Thereafter, analysis of the unstandardized concentrations among samples contaminated from the same source can identify migration pathways within a study area that is hydraulically complex and has a long contamination history, without reliance on complex hydrodynamic data and modelling techniques. Together, these methods provide an effective tool for drinking water source monitoring and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- NSERC Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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27
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Yan C, Yang Y, Zhou J, Liu M, Nie M, Shi H, Gu L. Antibiotics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 175:22-29. [PMID: 23313734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of five groups of antibiotics were investigated in the surface water of Yangtze Estuary over four seasons. Of the 20 antibiotics, only sulfamerazine was not detected at all sampling sites, indicating widespread occurrence of antibiotic residues in the study area. Detection frequencies and concentrations of antibiotics were generally higher in January, indicating that low flow conditions and low temperature might enhance the persistence of antibiotics in water. Antibiotic levels varied with location, with the highest concentrations being observed around river discharge and sewage outfall. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total antibiotic and DOC concentrations revealed the significant role played by DOC. Risk assessment based on single compound exposure showed that sulfapyridine and sulfamethoxazole could cause medium risk to daphnid in the Yangtze Estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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28
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Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the southern part of the Haihe River system in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Chen F, Anderson WB, Huck PM. An approach for assessing potential sediment-bound contaminant threats near the intake of a drinking water treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:758-765. [PMID: 23123114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To assist in assessing a potential contaminated sediment threat near a drinking water intake in a large lake, a technique known as the fingerprint analysis of leachate contaminants (FALCON), was investigated and enhanced to help draw more statistically significant definitive conclusions. This represents the first application of this approach, originally developed by the USEPA to characterize and track leachate penetration in groundwater and contaminant migration from waste and landfill sites, in a large lake from the point-of-view of source water protection. FALCON provided valuable information regarding contaminated sediment characterization, source attribution, and transport within a surface water context without the need for knowledge of local hydrodynamic conditions, potentially reducing reliance on complicated hydrodynamic analysis. A t-test to evaluate the significance of correlations was shown to further enhance the FALCON procedure. In this study, the sensitivity of FALCON was found to be improved by using concentration data from both conserved organics and heavy metals in combination. Furthermore, data analysis indicated that it may be possible to indirectly assess the success of remediation efforts (and the corresponding need to plan for a treatment upgrade in the event of escalating contaminant concentrations) by examining the temporal change in correlation between the source and intake sediment fingerprints over time. This method has potential for widespread application in situations where conserved contaminants such as heavy metals and higher molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are being or have previously been deposited in sediment somewhere in, or within range of, an intake protection zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- NSERC Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Pang J, Sun B, Li H, Mehler WT, You J. Influence of bioturbation on bioavailability and toxicity of PAHs in sediment from an electronic waste recycling site in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:227-233. [PMID: 22831999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of bioturbation by the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus on bioavailability and toxicity of sediment-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the oligochaete and the epi-benthic amphipod Hyalella azteca. Various densities of L. variegatus in sediment were used to represent different levels of bioturbation. Total sediment concentration declined with increasing worm density, but bioavailability of PAHs estimated using the biomimetic extractions showed no significant difference among treatments with different worm densities. Alternatively, PAH bioaccumulation by L. variegatus decreased and the growth of the worms was reduced at the highest worm density, which was probably due to overcrowding of organisms, food competition and increasing release of PAHs by bioturbation. Additionally, co-exposure with high density of L. variegatus to contaminated sediment significantly increased PAH accumulation and mortality of H. azteca. The increased toxicity was probably because of the transport of sediment-associated contaminants to sediment surface and water column by the bioturbation by L. variegatus. Overall, the present study showed that bioturbation may alter the toxicity of contaminants in sediment to other organisms, thus the presence of benthic invertebrates and their interactions with the sediment should be considered in future sediment risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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31
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Roberts DA. Causes and ecological effects of resuspended contaminated sediments (RCS) in marine environments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 40:230-243. [PMID: 22244126 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sediments act as a net sink for anthropogenic contaminants in marine ecosystems and contaminated sediments may have a range of toxicological effects on benthic fauna and associated species. When resuspended, however, particulate-bound contaminants may be remobilised into the water column and become bioavailable to an additional assemblage of species. Such resuspension occurs through a range of natural and anthropogenic processes each of which may be thought of as pulsed disturbances resulting in pulsed exposures to contaminants. Thus, it is important to understand not only the toxicological responses of organisms to resuspended contaminated sediments (RCS), but also the frequency, magnitude and duration of sediment disturbance events. Such information is rarely collected together with toxicological data. Rather, the majority of published studies (>50% of the articles captured in this review) have taken the form of fixed-duration laboratory-based exposures with individual species. While this research has clearly demonstrated that resuspension of contaminated sediments can liberate sediment-bound contaminants leading to toxicity and bioaccumulation under controlled conditions, the potential for ecological effects in the field is often unclear. Monitoring studies suggest that recurrent natural disturbances such as tides and waves may cause the majority of contaminant release in many environments. However, various processes also act to limit the spatial and temporal scales across which contaminants are remobilised to the most toxic dissolved state. Various natural and anthropogenic disturbances of contaminated sediments have been linked to both community-level and sub-lethal responses in exposed populations of invertebrates and fish in the field. Together these findings suggest that resuspension of contaminated sediments is a frequently recurring ecological threat in contaminated marine habitats. Further consideration of how marine communities respond to temporally variable exposures to RCS is required, as well as research into the relative importance of various disturbances under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Roberts
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
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Martins CC, Bícego MC, Figueira RCL, Angelli JLF, Combi T, Gallice WC, Mansur AV, Nardes E, Rocha ML, Wisnieski E, Ceschim LMM, Ribeiro AP. Multi-molecular markers and metals as tracers of organic matter inputs and contamination status from an Environmental Protection Area in the SW Atlantic (Laranjeiras Bay, Brazil). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 417-418:158-168. [PMID: 22244354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sources and concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), faecal and biogenic sterols, and trace metals at 10 sampling sites located in Laranjeiras Bay, a large Environmental Protection Area in the southern Atlantic region of Brazil, were determined to assess the sources of organic matter and the contamination status of estuarine sediments. Organic compounds were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS, and ICP-OES was used to evaluate trace metals. The total AHs concentration ranged from 0.28 to 8.19 μg g(-1), and n-C(29) and n-C(31) alkanes were predominant, indicating significant inputs from higher terrestrial plants. Unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) were not detected at any site, suggesting that the study area was not significantly contaminated by fossil fuels. The total PAH concentration varied from 3.85 to 89.2 ng g(-1). The ratio between selected PAH isomers showed that combustion of biomass, coal, and petroleum is the main source of PAHs in the study area. The concentrations of the faecal sterols coprostanol and epicoprostanol were below the detection limits, suggesting that sewage was not a significant contributor to sedimentary organic matter. The concentrations of the trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were low, except near sites located at the mouths of rivers that discharge into the study area and near urbanised regions (Paranaguá city and the adjoining harbour). In general, the concentrations of PAHs were below the threshold effect concentrations (TEL) levels. Although the As, Cr and Ni concentrations were above the TEL levels, the study area can be considered as preserved from human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Huang J, Ge X, Wang D. Distribution of heavy metals in the water column, suspended particulate matters and the sediment under hydrodynamic conditions using an annular flume. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:2051-9. [PMID: 23534200 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)61042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sediment resuspension plays an important role in the transport and fate of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. In the present study, the release and binding forms of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb under hydrodynamic conditions were investigated using an annular flume. Two sediments located at YLZ and GBD from Liangshui River, Beijing were resuspended for 10 hr at 0.159 and 0.267 m/sec, respectively. The concentrations of suspended particulate matters of YLZ were higher than those of GBD during resuspension, indicating that the former sediment is more sensitive to the velocity. Cr in the dissolved phase stayed nearly constant at about 2.25 and 1.84 micro/L for YLZ and GBD, respectively, due to the high percentage of its stable binding fractions in both sediments, while Cu, Zn, and Pb showed a fast release in the initial period of time. However, their concentrations in SPM generally decreased with time and were higher at the lower velocity of 0.159 m/sec, which resulted from the entrainment and depressing effect of larger size particles with lower heavy metal content, commonly referred to as the "particle concentration effect". In addition, the binding form and heavy metal fractions were also found to vary during the resuspension event. A decrease in the sulphide/organic matters bounded form in GBD sediment was observed, whereas no visible changes were perceived in YLZ site samples. This phenomenon is due to the oxidation of heavy metal-sulphide binding forms, which originated from its high acid volatile sulphide content in GBD sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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34
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Pollution characteristics, ecological risk and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment from Tuhai-Majia River system, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Yi NING, Yongchun KE, Jiancai DENG, Weiping HU, Junfeng GAO, Zhenhua ZHAO. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment in Lake Chaohu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.18307/2012.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Martins CC, Bícego MC, Mahiques MM, Figueira RCL, Tessler MG, Montone RC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Southeastern Brazil): sources and depositional history. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 63:452-458. [PMID: 21507431 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Located in southeastern Brazil, the Santos Estuary has the most important industrial and urban population area of South America. Since the 1950's, increased urbanization and industrialization near the estuary margins has caused the degradation of mangroves and has increased the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents. The main objectives of this work were to determine the concentrations and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores in order to investigate the input of these substances in the last 50 years. The PAHs analyses indicated multiple sources of these compounds (oil and pyrolitic origin), basically anthropogenic contributions from biomass, coal and fossil fuels combustion. The distribution of PAHs in the cores was associated with the formation and development of Cubatão industrial complex and the Santos harbour, waste disposal, world oil crisis and the pollution control program, which results in the decrease of organic pollutants input in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 50.002, 83255-000 Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná-PR, Brazil.
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Influence of low oxygen tensions and sorption to sediment black carbon on biodegradation of pyrene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4430-7. [PMID: 20472733 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00461-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorption to sediment black carbon (BC) may limit the aerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in resuspension events and intact sediment beds. We examined this hypothesis experimentally under conditions that were realistic in terms of oxygen concentrations and BC content. A new method, based on synchronous fluorescence observations of (14)C-pyrene, was developed for continuously measuring the uptake of dissolved pyrene by Mycobacterium gilvum VM552, a representative degrader of PAHs. The effect of oxygen and pyrene concentrations on pyrene uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, resulting in a dissolved oxygen half-saturation constant (K(om)) of 14.1 microM and a dissolved pyrene half-saturation constant (K(pm)) of 6 nM. The fluorescence of (14)C-pyrene in air-saturated suspensions of sediments and induced cells followed time courses that reflected simultaneous desorption and biodegradation of pyrene, ultimately causing a quasi-steady-state concentration of dissolved pyrene balancing desorptive inputs and biodegradation removals. The increasing concentrations of (14)CO(2) in these suspensions, as determined with liquid scintillation, evidenced the strong impact of sorption to BC-rich sediments on the biodegradation rate. Using the best-fit parameter values, we integrated oxygen and sorption effects and showed that oxygen tensions far below saturation levels in water are sufficient to enable significant decreases in the steady-state concentrations of aqueous-phase pyrene. These findings may be relevant for bioaccumulation scenarios that consider the effect of sediment resuspension events on exposure to water column and sediment pore water, as well as the direct uptake of PAHs from sediments.
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Su GY, Gao ZS, Yu Y, Ge JC, Wei S, Feng JF, Liu FY, Giesy JP, Lam MHW, Yu HX. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated metabolites in anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:634-642. [PMID: 19779753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of four species of anchovy were collected from eight sites in the lower Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongzehu Lake. Concentrations of 13 PBDEs congeners and eight methoxylated PBDEs were determined by use of organic solvent extraction, followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The frequencies of detection for PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs were 92% and 53%, respectively. Concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs ranged from not detected (ND) to 77 ng/g lipids (ND-3.8 ng/g wet weight). Concentrations of summation operatorMeO-PBDEs in anchovy ranged from ND to 48 ng/g lipids (ND-8.2 ng/g wet weight). The PBDE concentrations in anchovy from the Yangtze River Delta were similar to or less than those reported for other species from other locations around the world, while the concentrations of MeO-PBDEs were comparable to or slightly less than those reported in other studies. This is the first report of MeO-PBDEs in biota of China. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study as well as those of other studies suggest that PBDEs in anchovy are primarily of synthetic origin and released by human activities, while MeO-PBDEs in anchovy are primarily from nature as natural products from the sea instead of metabolism of PBDEs in anchovy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-yong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Martins CC, Bícego MC, Rose NL, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, Figueira RCL, Mahiques MM, Montone RC. Historical record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) in marine sediment cores from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:192-200. [PMID: 19665270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the first results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) in sediment cores of Admiralty Bay, Antarctica. These markers were used to assess the local input of anthropogenic materials (particulate and organic compounds) as a result of the influence of human occupation in a sub-Antarctic region and a possible long-range atmospheric transport of combustion products from sources in South America. The highest SCPs and PAHs concentrations were observed during the last 30 years, when three research stations were built in the area and industrial activities in South America increased. The concentrations of SCPs and PAHs were much lower than those of other regions in the northern hemisphere and other reported data for the southern hemisphere. The PAH isomer ratios showed that the major sources of PAHs are fossil fuels/petroleum, biomass combustion and sewage contribution generally close to the Brazilian scientific station.
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Affiliation(s)
- César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 50.002, 83255-000 Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná - PR, Brazil.
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Feng C, Luo Q, Wang Z. Concentration Levels and Potential Ecological Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Chinese Rivers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12403-009-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Charriau A, Bodineau L, Ouddane B, Fischer JC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes in sediments of the Upper Scheldt River Basin: contamination levels and source apportionment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1086-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b819928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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