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Dzul-Caamal R, Vega-López A, Osten JRV. Integrated evaluation of the biological response of the earthworm Eisenia fetida using two glyphosate exposure strategies: soil enriched and soils collected from crops in Southeastern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32152-32167. [PMID: 38648003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, the toxicological effects of pesticides tend to be less variable and realistic than under field conditions, limiting their usefulness in environmental risk assessment. In the current study, the earthworm Eisenia fetida was selected as a bioindicator for assessing glyphosate toxic effects in two different trials to solve this dilemma. In Trial 1, the worms were exposed for 7 and 14 days to concentrations of a commercial glyphosate formulation (1 to 500 mg a.i. kg-1) currently used in the field. In Trial 2, the worms were kept in nine soils collected from different plots with crops for 14 days of exposure. In both experiments, glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and contents of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. In T1, the glyphosate formulation produced a 40% inhibition of AChE activity and a significant increase in GST, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and LPO contents in E. fetida on day 7. In T2, higher concentrations of glyphosate were detected in the soils of soybean, papaya, and corn (0.92, 0.87, and 0.85 mg kg-1), which induced a positive correlation between the levels of glyphosate residues with GST, SOD, CAT, GPx, and LPO and a negative correlation with AChE. These findings indicate that crop soils polluted with glyphosate elicited higher oxidative stress than under laboratory conditions, confirmed by IBRv2, PCA, and AHC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, 07320, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México.
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Iummato MM, Sabatini SE, Rocchetta I, Yusseppone MS, Del Carmen Ríos de Molina M, Juárez ÁB. Oxidative stress in the bivalve Diplodon chilensis under direct and dietary glyphosate-based formulation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23610-23622. [PMID: 38418793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects on biochemical parameters and organosomatic indices in the freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis exposed to a glyphosate-based formulation under direct and dietary exposures (4 mg a.p./L). After 1, 7, and 14 days of exposure, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and the activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in the gills and digestive gland. The hepatosomatic (HSI) and branchiosomatic (BSI) indices were also analyzed. Direct and dietary glyphosate-based formulation exposure altered the redox homeostasis in the gills and digestive gland throughout the experimental time, inducing the detoxification response (GST), the antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GSH), and causing lipid peroxidation. After 14 days of exposure, the HSI and BSI increased significantly (43% and 157%, respectively) only in the bivalves under direct exposure. Greater changes in the biochemical parameters were induced by the dietary exposure than by the direct exposure. Furthermore, the gills presented an earlier response compared to the digestive gland. These results suggested that direct and dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based formulation induced oxidative stress in the gills and digestive glands of D. chilensis. Thus, the presence of glyphosate-based formulations in aquatic ecosystems could represent a risk for filter-feeding organisms like bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Iummato
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Research Institute in the Environment and Biodiversity (INIBIOMA), CONICET-National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Eduardo Sabatini
- Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iara Rocchetta
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Aquatic Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Research Institute in the Environment and Biodiversity (INIBIOMA), CONICET-National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Yusseppone
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMYC), CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Ríos de Molina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Biological Chemistry of the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Beatriz Juárez
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Applied and Experimental Biology (IBBEA UBA), CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Durante LDS, Hollmann G, Nazari EM. Impact of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide on morphological and physiological parameters in embryonic and larval development of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1822-1835. [PMID: 38083805 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) have been commonly used in agriculture to inhibit weed growth and increase yields. However, due to the high solubility of these herbicides in water, they can reach aquatic environments, by infiltration, erosion, and/or lixiviation, affecting non target organisms. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the toxicity of GBH Roundup WG® (RWG®) during the embryonic and larval development of Danio rerio. Embryos (3 hours post fertilization, hpf-until hatching) and larvae (3 days post fertilization, dpf to 6 dpf) were exposed to concentrations of 0.065 and 6.5 mg L-1 . They were evaluated for survival, hatching, spontaneous movements, heartbeat, morphology, and morphometry by in vivo photographs in microscope, cell proliferation and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry, and exploratory behavior and phototropism by video recording. Our results showed an increase in embryo and larvae mortality in those exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 , as well as a reduction in spontaneous embryo movements. The larval heartbeats showed a decrease at 4 dpf in the group exposed to 0.065 mg L-1 and an increase at 5 and 6 dpf in both exposed groups. Cell proliferation was reduced in both groups exposed in embryos and only in the 0.065 mg L-1 group in larvae, while cell death increased in embryos exposed to 6.5 mg L-1 . These results demonstrated the toxic effect of low concentrations of the herbicide RWG® during embryonic and larval development of non target organisms, as well as the importance of constantly reviewing acceptable limits for exposure in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíse da Silva Durante
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Hollmann
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Fathi MA, Shen D, Luo L, Li Y, Elnesr SS, Li C. The exposure in ovo to glyphosate on the integrity of intestinal epithelial tight junctions of chicks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:183-191. [PMID: 38400726 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2319006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an ingredient widely used in various commercial formulations, including Roundup®. This study focused on tight junctions and the expression of inflammatory genes in the small intestine of chicks. On the sixth day of embryonic development, the eggs were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON, n = 60), the glyphosate group (GLYP, n = 60), which received 10 mg of active glyphosate/kg egg mass, and the Roundup®-based glyphosate group also received 10 mg of glyphosate. The results indicated that the chicks exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® exhibited signs of oxidative stress. Additionally, histopathological alterations in the small intestine tissues included villi fusion, complete fusion of some intestinal villi, a reduced number of goblet cells, and necrosis of some submucosal epithelial cells in chicks. Genes related to the small intestine (ZO-1, ZO-2, Claudin-1, Claudin-3, JAM2, and Occludin), as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-6), exhibited significant changes in the groups exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® compared to the control group. In conclusion, the toxicity of pure glyphosate or Roundup® likely disrupts the small intestine of chicks by modulating the expression of genes associated with tight junctions in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fathi
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dan Shen
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lu Luo
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yansen Li
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Chunmei Li
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Ferreira LMN, Hrncir M, de Almeida DV, Bernardes RC, Lima MAP. Effects of acephate and glyphosate-based agrochemicals on the survival and flight of Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:926-936. [PMID: 37728837 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The conservation of terrestrial ecosystems depends largely on the preservation of pollinators, mainly bees. Stingless bees are among the main pollinators of native plants and crops in tropical regions, where they can be exposed to agrochemicals while foraging on contaminated flowers. In the present study, we investigated the effects on stingless bees of both a commonly used insecticide and herbicide in Brazil. Plebeia lucii Moure, 2004 (Apidae: Meliponini) foragers were orally chronically exposed to food contaminated with different concentrations of commercial formulations of the insecticide acephate or the herbicide glyphosate. Bee mortality increased with increasing agrochemical concentrations. Depending on its concentration, the acephate-based formulation reduced the lifespan and impaired the flight ability of bees. The glyphosate-based formulation was toxic only under unrealistic concentrations. Our results demonstrate that realistic concentrations of acephate-based insecticides harm the survival and alter the mobility of stingless bees. The ingestion of glyphosate-based herbicides was safe for forager bees under realistic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Michael Hrncir
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Vieira de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Agronomia, Curso de Graduação em Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Malla MA, Dubey A, Kori RK, Sharma V, Kumar A, Yadav S, Kumari S. GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics reveals the metabolic response of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) after chronic combinatorial exposure to three different pesticides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8583. [PMID: 37237073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the metabolic response of earthworm; Eudrilus eugeniae exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-CHL, cypermethrin-CYP, Glyphosate-GLY, and Combined-C (all three pesticides) at the concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg. Principal component analysis of the obtained datasets revealed a clear distinction between the control and treatment groups. The mean weight of the worms in the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Among the identified metabolites, oleic acid (~ 93.47%), lysine (~ 92.20%), glutamic acid (~ 91.81%), leucine (~ 90.20%), asparagine (~ 94.20%), methionine (~ 92.27%), malic acid (~ 93.37%), turanose (~ 95.04%), maltose (~ 92.36%), cholesta-3,5-diene (~ 86.11%), galactose (~ 93.20%), cholesterol (~ 91.56%), tocopherol (~ 85.09%), decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas myoinositol (~ 83%) and isoleucine (78.09%) increased significantly (p < 0.05) upon exposure to the CHL, CYP, GLY, and C. Overall, the findings suggest that earthworms might be a new entry point for the pesticides into the food chain. The present study highlights that metabolomics can be a reliable approach to understand the effect of different xenobiotics including pesticides on the metabolic response of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rajeesh Kumar Kori
- IRMS, National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth and Sports, GOI, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180 001, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Prayagraj, UP, 211002, India.
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Rainio MJ, Margus A, Tikka S, Helander M, Lindström L. The effects of short-term glyphosate-based herbicide exposure on insect gene expression profiles. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 146:104503. [PMID: 36935035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most frequently used herbicides worldwide. The use of GBHs is intended to tackle weeds, but GBHs have been shown to affect the life-history traits and antioxidant defense system of invertebrates found in agroecosystems. Thus far, the effects of GBHs on detoxification pathways among invertebrates have not been sufficiently investigated. We performed two different experiments-1) the direct pure glyphosate and GBH treatment, and 2) the indirect GBH experiment via food-to examine the possible effects of environmentally relevant GBH levels on the survival of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and the expression profiles of their detoxification genes. As candidate genes, we selected four cytochrome P450 (CYP), three glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes that are known to be related to metabolic or target-site resistances in insects. We showed that environmentally relevant levels of pure glyphosate and GBH increased the probability for higher mortality in the Colorado potato beetle larvae in the direct experiment, but not in the indirect experiment. The GBHs or glyphosate did not affect the expression profiles of the studied CYP, GST, or AChE genes; however, we found a large family-level variation in expression profiles in both the direct and indirect treatment experiments. These results suggest that the genes selected for this study may not be the ones expressed in response to glyphosate or GBHs. It is also possible that the relatively short exposure time did not affect gene expression profiles, or the response may have already occurred at a shorter exposure time. Our results show that glyphosate products may affect the survival of the herbivorous insect already at lower levels, depending on their sensitivity to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia J Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Santtu Tikka
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Meng QY, Kang CQ, Dang W, Melvin SD, Lu HL. Minor metabolomic disturbances induced by glyphosate-isopropylammonium exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations in an aquatic turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106415. [PMID: 36746075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological and environmental impacts of glyphosate-based herbicides have received considerable attention due to their extensive use globally. However, the potential for adverse effects in cultured non-fish vertebrate species are commonly ignored. In this study, effects on growth, indicators of functional performance, gut microbial diversity, liver antioxidant responses and metabolite profiles were evaluated in soft-shelled turtle hatchlings (Pelodiscus sinensis) exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate-isopropylammonium (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L). No significant changes in growth or functional performance (food intake, swimming speed), gut microbiota, and liver antioxidant responses (SOD and CAT activities, MDA content) were observed in exposed turtles. However, hepatic metabolite profiles revealed distinct perturbations that primarily involved amino acid metabolism in turtles exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations. Overall, our results suggested that metabolite profiles may be more sensitive than phenotypic or general physiological endpoints and gut microbiota profiling, and indicate a potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity caused by glyphosate-isopropylammonium based on untargeted metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, the toxicity of glyphosate at environmentally relevant concentrations might be relatively minor in aquatic turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chun-Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Kontchou JA, Baetz N, Grabner D, Nachev M, Tuerk J, Sures B. Pollutant load and ecotoxicological effects of sediment from stormwater retention basins to receiving surface water on Lumbriculus variegatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160185. [PMID: 36395831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overflow of stormwater retention basins during intense and prolonged precipitation events may result in the direct input of particulate pollutants and remobilization of already sedimented particle-bound pollutants to receiving freshwater bodies. Particle-bound pollutants may cause adverse effects on aquatic biota, particularly sediment dwellers. Therefore, we investigated the sediment pollution load of a stream connected to the outfalls of two stormwater basins to determine the impact of the basins' discharges on the metal and organic pollutant content of the sediment. Also, the possible adverse effects of the pollutant load on benthic dwellers were evaluated in sediment toxicity tests with Lumbriculus variegatus and the effects on its growth, reproduction and the biomarkers catalase, acetylcholinesterase and metallothionein were analyzed. The results showed that the retention basins contained the highest load of pollutants. The pollutant load in the stream did not show a clear pollution pattern from the inlets. However, metal enrichment ratios revealed contamination with Cu, Pb and Zn with Pb and Zn above threshold effect concentrations in all sites. Ecotoxicity results showed that the retention basin samples were the most toxic compared to sediment from the stream. Exposure experiments with the stream sediment did not show considerable effects on reproduction, catalase activity and metallothionein concentration. However, modest inhibitions of growth and activity of acetylcholinesterase were detected. Based on the observed results, it cannot be concluded that overflows of the retention basin are responsible for the pollutant contents downstream of their inlet. Other sources that were not considered in this study, such as diffuse input, historic pollution and point sources further upstream as well as along the stream, are likely the major contributors of pollutant load in the sediment of the studied transects of the stream. Additionally, the observed results in the stormwater basin sediment further highlight their importance in retaining particle-bound pollutants and preventing ecotoxicological effects from receiving surface water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julios Armand Kontchou
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Nicolai Baetz
- Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre of Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Arrigo E, Gilardi S, Muratori L, Raimondo S, Mancardi D. Biological effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and AMPA on cardiac myoblasts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165868. [PMID: 37168227 PMCID: PMC10164986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is the active compound of different non-selective herbicides, being the most used agriculture pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and AMPA (one of its main metabolites) are common pollutants of water, soil, and food sources such as crops. They can be detected in biological samples from both exposed workers and general population. Despite glyphosate acts as inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, present only in plants and some microorganisms, its safety in mammals is still debated. Acute glyphosate intoxications are correlated to cardiovascular/neuronal damages, but little is known about the effects of the chronic exposure. Methods: We evaluated the direct biological effects of different concentrations of pure glyphosate/AMPA on a rat-derived cell line of cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) in acute (1-2 h) or sub-chronic (24-48 h) settings. We analyzed cell viability/morphology, ROS production and mitochondrial dynamics. Results: Acute exposure to high doses (above 10 mM) of glyphosate and AMPA triggers immediate cytotoxic effects: reduction in cell viability, increased ROS production, morphological alterations and mitochondrial function. When exposed to lower glyphosate concentrations (1 μM-1 mM), H9c2 cells showed only a slight variation in cell viability and ROS production, while mitochondrial dynamic was unvaried. Moreover, the phenotype was completely restored after 48 h of treatment. Surprisingly, the sub-chronic (48 h) treatment with low concentrations (1 μM-1 mM) of AMPA led to a late cytotoxic response, reflected in a reduction in H9c2 viability. Conclusion: The comprehension of the extent of human exposure to these molecules remains pivotal to have a better critical view of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
| | - Sara Gilardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
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11
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Alvarado-Suárez GB, Silva-Briano M, Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Carbajal-Hernández AL, Yáñez-Rivera B, Rico-Martínez R. Feeding behavior of early life stages of the zebrafish Danio rerio is altered by exposure to glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85172-85184. [PMID: 35794329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate levels and the transfer of glyphosate across trophic levels have rarely been studied in zooplankton. The food preferences of zebrafish during the first-feeding stage (which is critical for the survival of organisms), were analyzed because of the requirement for live food. Larval survival begins to be affected when glyphosate intake exceeds 0.3666 µg/larvae/day, in the case that only the food is contaminated; if the medium is also contaminated, the effects on survival start from 0.2456 µg/larvae/day. It was shown that glyphosate was more likely to be incorporated through the medium than through the food (zooplankton), which supports the results of previous studies that have ruled out the potential for biomagnification. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of glyphosate was determined using an ELISA tests specific to measure glyphosate in the fish D. rerio, the rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Lecane papuana, and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. The experimental design consisted in exposing seven zebrafish adults per replica (four replicates) in three treatments 1, 5, and 10 mg/L of glyphosate for 96 h to obtain bioconcentration factors in the gills, liver, and muscle. These concentrations were selected as potential glyphosate concentrations right after application as double highest reported concentration. Glyphosate levels in zooplankton can represent up to 6.26% of the total weight of rotifers (BFC = 60.35) and in zebrafish adult organs were less than 8 µg/mg of tissue (BCF values < 6). Although glyphosate does not biomagnify, our results suggest that glyphosate affected the dynamics between zooplankton and zebrafish larvae, diminishing survival and feeding rates, given that zooplankton species bioconcentrate glyphosate in large quantities. The BCF values found in this contribution are higher than expected. Glyphosate exposure affected energy metabolism and feeding behavior of zebrafish larvae, which presented high mortality rates at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Beatriz Alvarado-Suárez
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Silva-Briano
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 20131, México
| | - Mario Alberto Arzate-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03940, México
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- Cátedras CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, 03940, México.
- CIAD AC, Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura Y Manejo Ambiental, Avenida Sábalo-Cerritos S/N, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sin. 82112, México.
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Biología, Avenida Universidad 940, Ags. C. P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 20131, México.
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12
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Smollich E, Büter M, Schertzinger G, Dopp E, Sures B. Photolytic degradation of novel polymeric and monomeric brominated flame retardants: Investigation of endocrine disruption, physiological and ecotoxicological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120317. [PMID: 36191796 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of photolytic degradation mixtures of the two brominated flame retardants PolymericFR and Tetrabromobisphenol A-bis (2,3-dibrom-2-methyl-propyl) Ether (TBBPA-BDBMPE) have been studied in vitro and in vivo. Both substances were experimentally degraded separately by exposure to artificial UV-light and the resulting degradation mixtures from different time points during the UV-exposure were applied in ecotoxicological tests. The in vitro investigation showed no effects of the degraded flame retardants on the estrogenic and androgenic receptors via the CALUX (chemically activated luciferase gene expression) assay. Short-term exposures (up to 96 h) of Lumbriculus variegatus lead to temporary physiological reactions of the annelid. The exposure to degraded PolymericFR lead to an increased activity of Catalase, while the degradation mixture of TBBPA-BDBMPE caused increases of Glutathione-S-transferase and Acetylcholine esterase activities. Following a chronic exposure (28 d) of L. variegatus, no effects on the growth, reproduction, fragmentation and energy storage of the annelid were detected. The results indicate that the experimental degradation of the two flame retardants causes changes in their ecotoxicological potential. This might lead to acute physiological effects on aquatic annelids, which, however, do not affect the animals chronically according to our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Smollich
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Malte Büter
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Elke Dopp
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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13
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De Castro BD, Lanés LEK, Godoy RS, Maltchik L, Oliveira GT. Development stage-dependent oxidative stress responses to the exposure to roundup original© in a neotropical annual killifish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103976. [PMID: 36100139 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are the most commonly applied pesticides in Brazil, specifically those based on glyphosate, and are used for different crops, near the habitats of annual killifish. Annual killifish presents a short life cycle with generally restricted geographic distribution. In this context, we evaluated the effect of the Roundup Original© (65, 130 and 260 µg. L-1 of glyphosate) herbicide on different development stages (adult-young and senile) of the annual killifish (Cynopoecilus sp.). We quantified the oxidative balance markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation levels, and total proteins). We observed that the senile individuals presented 2-fold higher lipid peroxidation levels associated with the maintenance of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity levels even after exposure to the herbicide. However, senile subjects were negatively impacted by the exposure to formulations containing glyphosate, and this was related to a loss of glutathione S-transferase activity. Our research demonstrated that the established physiological markers and this species look promising for toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dutra De Castro
- PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Robson Souza Godoy
- UNISINOS, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maltchik
- FURG, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rectory, Pro-Rectory of Research and Graduate Studies, University of Rio Grande Foundation, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- PUCRS, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Health and Life Sciences, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Whitlock J, Vo C, Evalen P, D B. Pesticides in a warmer world: Effects of glyphosate and warming across insect life stages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119508. [PMID: 35605834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is the most commonly applied pesticide in terrestrial ecosystems in the U.S. and, potentially, worldwide. However, the combined effects of warming associated with climate change and exposure to GLY and GLY-based formulations (GBFs) on terrestrial animals are poorly understood. Animals progress through several life stages (e.g., embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages) that may exhibit different sensitivities to stressors. Therefore, we factorially manipulated temperature and GLY/GBF exposure in the variable field cricket (Gryllus lineaticeps) during two life stages-nymphal development and adulthood-and examined key animal traits, such as developmental rate, body size, food consumption, reproductive investment, and lifespan. A thermal environment simulating future climate warming obligated several costs to fitness-related traits. For example, warming experienced during nymphal development reduced survival, adult body mass and size, and investment into flight capacity and reproduction. Warming experienced by adults reduced lifespan and growth rate. Alternatively, the effects of GBF exposure were more subtle, often context-dependent (e.g., effects were only detected in one sex or temperature regime), and were stronger during adult exposure relative to exposure during development. There was evidence of additive costs of warming and GBF exposure to rates of feeding and growth in adults. Yet, the negative effect of GBF exposure to adult lifespan did not occur in warming conditions, suggesting that ongoing climate change may obscure some of the costs of GBFs to non-target organisms. The effects of GLY alone (i.e., in the absence of proprietary surfactants found in commercial formulations) were non-existent. Animals will be increasingly exposed to warming and GBFs, and our results indicate that GBF exposure and warming can entail additive costs for an animal taxon (insects) that plays critical roles in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Whitlock
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - C Vo
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - P Evalen
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Bui D
- University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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15
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Bordin ER, Munhoz RC, Panicio PP, de Freitas AM, Ramsdorf WA. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate herbicides, isolated and in mixture, on two generation of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:884-896. [PMID: 35585359 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The herbicides atrazine and glyphosate are used worldwide and their excessive usage results in the frequent presence of these pesticides in environmental compartments. We evaluated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of analytical standards and commercial formulations of atrazine (2 µg L-1) and glyphosate (65 µg L-1), isolated and in mixture (2 + 65 µg L-1) on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. Through chronic exposure (21 days) of two generations, we observed effects on survival, reproductive capacity and responses of the antioxidant defense system (catalase) and biotransformation system (glutathione S-transferase). The survival of organisms was affected in the second generation (F1) with a mortality of 17% in the mixture of commercial formulations treatments. In the evaluation of the first generation (F0) we observed only effects on sexual maturation of organisms, while in the F1, changes were observed in all parameters evaluated. A statistical difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the analytical standards and the commercial formulations for all parameters evaluated, indicating that other components present in the formulations can change the toxicity of products. We suggest that atrazine can modulate toxicity when mixed with glyphosate, as the standard analytical atrazine and mixture of analytical standards results were similar in most parameters. Given the difficulty in estimating effects of mixtures and considering that various stressors are found in the environment, our results support the need to carry out long-term studies and, above all, to verify what are the impacts across generations, so that the toxicity of products is not underestimated. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Roberta Bordin
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renan César Munhoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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16
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Pelosi C, Bertrand C, Bretagnolle V, Coeurdassier M, Delhomme O, Deschamps M, Gaba S, Millet M, Nélieu S, Fritsch C. Glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in soils and earthworms in a French arable landscape. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134672. [PMID: 35472617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although Glyphosate-based herbicides are often marketed as environmentally friendly and easily biodegradable, its bioavailability and risks to wildlife raise significant concerns. Among non-target organisms, earthworms which live in close contact with the soil can be directly exposed to pesticides and harmed. We investigated soil contamination and the exposure of earthworms to glyphosate, its metabolite AMPA, and glufosinate in an arable landscape in France, both in treated (i.e. temporary grasslands and cereal fields under conventional farming), and nontreated habitats (i.e. hedgerows, permanent grasslands and cereal fields under organic farming) (n = 120 sampling sites in total). Glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate were detected in 88%, 58% and 35% of the soil samples, and in 74%, 38% and 12% of the earthworm samples, respectively. For both glyphosate and AMPA, concentrations in soils were at least 10 times lower than predicted environmental concentrations. However, the maximum glyphosate soil concentration measured (i.e., 0.598 mg kg-1) was only 2 to 3 times lower than the concentrations revealed to affect earthworms (survival and avoidance) in the literature. These compounds were found both in conventional and organic farming fields, thus supporting a recent study, and for the first time they were detected in hedgerows and grasslands. However, glyphosate and AMPA were more frequently detected in soils from cereal fields and hedgerows than in grasslands, and median concentrations measured in soils from cereal fields were significantly higher than in the two other habitats. Bioaccumulation of glyphosate and AMPA in earthworms was higher than expected according to the properties of the molecules. Our findings raised issues about the high occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA in soils from cropped and more natural areas in arable landscapes. They also highlight the potential for transfer of these molecules in terrestrial food webs as earthworms are prey for numerous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France.
| | - C Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - V Bretagnolle
- CEBC, UMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France; LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - M Coeurdassier
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté USC INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - O Delhomme
- Université de Strasbourg, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 57070, Metz, France
| | - M Deschamps
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Gaba
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », CNRS, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France; USC 1339 Centre d'Etudes Biologiques De Chizé, INRAE, 76390, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - M Millet
- Université de Strasbourg, ICPEES - UMR 7515 CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - C Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté USC INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
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17
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Strilbytska OM, Semaniuk UV, Strutynska TR, Burdyliuk NI, Tsiumpala S, Bubalo V, Lushchak O. Herbicide Roundup shows toxic effects in nontarget organism Drosophila. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21893. [PMID: 35388481 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup, as the most employed herbicide used for multiple purposes in agriculture, adversely affects nontarget organisms. We tested the effects of Roundup applied at larval and adult stages. Roundup caused developmental delay and increased larvae mortality. Roundup treatment reduced hemolymph glucose and glycogen levels in adult flies of both sexes at the highest concentration tested. Sex-dependent diverse effects were found in catalase and Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) activities. Decreased aconitase activity, contents of thiols, and lipid peroxides were found after larval Roundup exposure. Furthermore, chronic exposure to adult flies decreased appetite, body weight, and shortened lifespan. Thus, our results suggest that high concentrations of Roundup are deleterious to both larvae and adults, resulting in a shift of the metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha M Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Uliana V Semaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana R Strutynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Sviatoslav Tsiumpala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Bubalo
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology and Mutagenesis, L.I. Medved's Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, MHU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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18
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Potential Risks of Microplastic Fomites to Aquatic Organisms with Special Emphasis on Polyethylene-Microplastic-Glyphosate Exposure Case in Aquacultured Shrimp. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastic litter is increasingly becoming pervasive in aquatic environments, characterized by circulatory patterns between different compartments and continual loading with new debris. Microplastic pollution can cause a variety of effects on aquatic organisms. This review presents the current knowledge of microplastics distribution and sorption capacity, reflecting on possible bioaccumulation and health effects in aquatic organisms. A model case study reveals the fate and toxic effects of glyphosate, focusing on the simultaneous exposure of aquacultured shrimp to polyethylene and glyphosate and their contact route and on the potential effects on their health and the risk for transmission of the contaminants. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of glyphosate-sorbed polyethylene microplastics in shrimp are not well understood, although individual effects have been studied extensively in various organisms. We aim to delineate this knowledge gap by compiling current information regarding the co-exposure to polyethylene microplastic adsorbed with glyphosate to assist in the assessment of the possible health risks to aquacultured shrimp and their consumers.
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Jia R, Hou Y, Feng W, Li B, Zhu J. Alterations at biochemical, proteomic and transcriptomic levels in liver of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under chronic exposure to environmentally relevant level of glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133818. [PMID: 35114268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of glyphosate (Gly) on aquatic animals has received attention from many researchers. However, the chronic toxicity mechanism of Gly on fish has not yet been clarified entirely. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential toxicity mechanism of Gly at 2 mg/L, a possibly existing concentration in the aquatic environment, via biochemical, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in the liver of tilapia. Long-term Gly exposure increased lipid content, and altered redox status in liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gly exposure changed dramatically the expression of 225 genes in liver, including 94 up-regulated genes and 131 down-regulated genes. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses showed that these genes were predominantly enriched in ion transport, lipid metabolism and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling pathway. Meanwhile, at proteomic level, long-term Gly exposure resulted in alteration of 21 proteins, which were principally related to hepatic metabolism function. In conclusion, our data displayed a potential toxicity, mainly manifested as redox imbalance and dysregulation of metabolism function, in the liver of tilapia after long-term Gly exposure at 2 mg/L. This study provided novel insight into underlying toxicity mechanism of long-term Gly exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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20
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4605. [PMID: 35562999 PMCID: PMC9101768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the current state of our knowledge related to the effects of this pesticide on the nervous system of various animal species and humans. The information provided indicates that exposure to glyphosate or its commercial formulations induces several neurotoxic effects. It has been shown that exposure to this pesticide during the early stages of life can seriously affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission and to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death due to autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. The doses of glyphosate that produce these neurotoxic effects vary widely but are lower than the limits set by regulatory agencies. Although there are important discrepancies between the analyzed findings, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate produces important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (R.D.)
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21
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Sandoval-Gío JJ, Polanco-Rodríguez ÁG, Araujo-León JA, Burgos-Díaz MI, Yáñez-Rivera B, la Cruz JCD. First Evidence of Glyphosate in American Horseshoe Crab from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:646-651. [PMID: 34807277 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world. Unfortunately, contamination of water bodies by this herbicide has been reported. A severe concern has been triggered given its detrimental impact on the environment and wildlife. The American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is a benthic arthropod that inhabits the Yucatan Peninsula in Southeast Mexico. This study evaluates the glyphosate concentration in 34 recently dead specimens of L. polyphemus from four localities of the Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve in Yucatan, Mexico. The analysis was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. All the samples showed residues of glyphosate in the range from 0.08 to 2.38 ng g-1. These records constitute the first evidence of glyphosate bioaccumulation in this species. Although the scope might be limited, the results demonstrate a potentially prejudicial exposition of the marine biota to glyphosate-based herbicides, given its use in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Sandoval-Gío
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Final Aeropuerto Cupul s/n. Col. Santa María., CP 97700, Tizimín, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Gabriel Polanco-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 No. 613 x C. 90, Col. Inalámbrica., C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alfredo Araujo-León
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 No. 613 x C. 90, Col. Inalámbrica., C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Mateo Israel Burgos-Díaz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Final Aeropuerto Cupul s/n. Col. Santa María., CP 97700, Tizimín, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., (CIAD), Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, C.P. 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Juan Candelero-de la Cruz
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Final Aeropuerto Cupul s/n. Col. Santa María., CP 97700, Tizimín, Yucatán, Mexico
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22
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Strilbyska OM, Tsiumpala SA, Kozachyshyn II, Strutynska T, Burdyliuk N, Lushchak VI, Lushchak O. The effects of low-toxic herbicide Roundup and glyphosate on mitochondria. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:183-196. [PMID: 35221840 PMCID: PMC8859649 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pesticides on the health of non-target living organisms in agricultural areas are critically important aspects for their safe use. Their release into the environment is an inevitable aspect for predicting and evaluation of the risk of their application. Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide, has been designed as an effective pesticide against weeds and now is the most widely used agrochemicals around the world due to its highly specific action of the biosynthesis of certain amino acids in plants. Despite it is claimed to be low toxic for not-target organisms, due to its broad application Roundup and products of its degradation were detected in organisms of diverse animals and humans. In this review, we describe animal and human studies of general adverse effects of Roundup and its principal substance glyphosate with focus on endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and behavioral disorders. At mechanistic level, we focus on the potential toxicity of the herbicide Roundup and glyphosate as effectors of bioenergetic functions of mitochondria. Their effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation are among described to date critical components responsible for its toxicity. Finally, we discuss general molecular mechanisms potentially involved in the interaction between glyphosate and mitochondria which to some extent are associated with generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha M Strilbyska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Sviatoslav A Tsiumpala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ivanna I Kozachyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Strutynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia Burdyliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.,Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.,Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine
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23
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Pal E, Almasri H, Paris L, Diogon M, Pioz M, Cousin M, Sené D, Tchamitchian S, Tavares DA, Delbac F, Blot N, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030104. [PMID: 35324729 PMCID: PMC8954695 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter honey bees orally exposed to food containing these pesticides at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Attention was focused on bee survival, food consumption and oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress were assessed by determining the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the head, abdomen and midgut; oxidative damage reflected by both lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was also evaluated. In general, no significant effect on food consumption was observed. Pesticide mixtures were more toxic than individual substances, and the highest mortalities were induced at intermediate doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/L. The toxicity was not always linked to the exposure level and the number of substances in the mixtures. Mixtures did not systematically induce synergistic effects, as antagonism, subadditivity and additivity were also observed. The tested pesticides, alone and in mixtures, triggered important, systemic oxidative stress that could largely explain pesticide toxicity to honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pal
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Hanine Almasri
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Laurianne Paris
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Marie Diogon
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Maryline Pioz
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Déborah Sené
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Daiana Antonia Tavares
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Blot
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Luc P. Belzunces
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)43272-2604
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24
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Méndez F, Zapata-Rivera AM. Armed conflict, pollution, and health risks: A risk evaluation of three sources of environmental exposure associated with the conflict in Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2021; 41:660-675. [PMID: 34936252 PMCID: PMC8759577 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Armed conflicts affect territories rich in resources and biodiversity. As a result of the environmental damage caused by violent actions, the health of populations can be affected. Objectives: To assess the risks to human health due to environmental degradation associated with three violent actions in the context of the Colombian armed conflict: Pipeline bombing, informal mining with mercury, and spraying of illicit crops with glyphosate. Materials and methods: We conducted a quantitative evaluation of the risks to individual health associated with armed conflict activities using methodologies focused on the routes of pollutants dispersion, their concentrations in the environment, the exposure of the individuals, and the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. Results: The risk assessment of the armed conflict-related actions under study evidenced intolerable carcinogenic risk and unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of water and fish contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), mercury, and glyphosate. Conclusions: The study reiterates the inextricable connections existing among the environment, society, and health, as well as the implications of environmental violence for the public health of vulnerable population groups and, in general, for the well-being of all living beings affected by the armed conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Méndez
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
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25
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Morphospecies Abundance of Above-Ground Invertebrates in Agricultural Systems under Glyphosate and Microplastics in South-Eastern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates are important for diverse soil ecosystem services, which are jeopardized by pesticides and microplastics. In the present study, we aimed to assess above-ground invertebrates’ morphospecies abundance in the presence of glyphosate (GLY), its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and microplastics (MPs). Three land-use systems were analyzed: agricultural systems with and without plastic mulch and pesticides (AwPM, AwoPM) and natural unmanaged farming systems (UF). Soil GLY, AMPA, MP concentrations and above-ground invertebrates were quantified. GLY concentrations were also assessed inside invertebrate tissues. GLY, AMPA and the highest concentration of GLY in invertebrates’ tissue were found only in AwoPM at 0.14–0.45 mg kg−1, 0.12–0.94 mg kg−1 and 0.03–0.26 mg kg−1, respectively. MPs were present as follows: AwPM system (100%, 400–2000 particles kg−1) > AwoPM (70.8%, 200–1000 particles kg−1) > UF (37.5%, 200–400 particles kg−1). No significant correlations were found between soil MPs, GLY and AMPA. There was a significant correlation between MPs and morphospecies from the order Entomobrymorpha (Collembola, R = 0.61, p < 0.05). Limnophila, Mesogastropoda (Gastropoda) and Siphonaptera morphospecies were only present in the UF system. GLY in invertebrate tissue was inversely correlated with soil GLY (R = −0.73, p < 0.05) and AMPA (R = −0.59, p < 0.05). Further investigations are required to understand these phenomena.
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26
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Socha M, Szczygieł J, Brzuska E, Sokołowska-Mikołajczyk M, Stonawski B, Grzesiak M. The effect of Roundup on embryonic development, early foxr1 and hsp70 gene expression and hatching of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Theriogenology 2021; 175:163-169. [PMID: 34592515 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of herbicide Roundup (based on glyphosate) on the embryonic development, survival and hatching of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae and alteration in foxr1 and hsp70 gene expression were determined. The eggs (obtained from 6 females) were fertilised and incubated in water containing 0; 1 or 10 μl L-1 of Roundup formulation. During early embryonic development (24 and 48 h post-fertilisation - hpf), Roundup caused a statistically important decrease in the embryonic survival rate of common carp. Moreover, retardation of the hatching rate was observed in the group treated with the higher concentration of Roundup at 81 to 99 hpf. At the end of the experiment (99 hpf), an important increase in number of deformed larvae was observed in both groups treated with Roundup in comparison to the control group (52.06; 16.02 and 5.08%, respectively). Significant differences in transcript of the gene foxr1 were found in Roundup-intoxicated groups in comparison to the controls. In the case of hsp70 transcripts, no important changes in exposed groups were observed. These results showed that even small, environmentally relevant amount of Roundup present in the aquatic environment is able to affect the early life stages of common carp and change the transcripts of foxr1, which may have an adverse effect on the later proper development of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Socha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - J Szczygieł
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zaborze, Kalinowa 2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - E Brzuska
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zaborze, Kalinowa 2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - M Sokołowska-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Stonawski
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zaborze, Kalinowa 2, 43-520, Chybie, Poland
| | - M Grzesiak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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27
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Delhomme O, Rodrigues A, Hernandez A, Chimjarn S, Bertrand C, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Fritsch C, Pelosi C, Nélieu S, Millet M. A method to assess glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in soil and earthworms. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462339. [PMID: 34161838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive and selective analytical methodology to quantify glyphosate (GLY), aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate (GLU) in both soil and earthworms (Allolobophora chlorotica) was developed. The extraction and purification methods were optimized. The samples were extracted with various aqueous solutions (HNO3, H2O, KOH and borate buffer) and derivatized with 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOCCl). To optimize the extraction step, a method to remove the excess FMOCCl was applied based on liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The purification of derivatized extracts was carried out using XLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges before internal standard quantification by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The elution step was optimized to obtain the best recoveries possible, which was with acidic methanol (1% formic acid) (67% for GLY, 70% for GLU and 65% for AMPA). The extraction and purification method followed by analysis of the two herbicides and AMPA in soils using LC/MS/MS determined limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.030 μg g - 1 for GLY, 0.025 μg g - 1 for AMPA and 0.020 µg g - 1 for GLU . For earthworms, LOQ were 0.23 μg g - 1 for GLY, 0.20 μg g - 1 for AMPA and 0.12 μg g - 1 for GLU. . The developed method was applied to determine these compounds in natural soils and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Delhomme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Anaïs Rodrigues
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ana Hernandez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supansa Chimjarn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | | | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAE, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7515, ICPEES, 67087, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Parlapiano I, Biandolino F, Grattagliano A, Ruscito A, Libralato G, Prato E. Effects of commercial formulations of glyphosate on marine crustaceans and implications for risk assessment under temperature changes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112068. [PMID: 33636470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based formulations are the most commonly used herbicides worldwide with the risk of potential contamination of aquatic bodies. The present study assessed the response of four marine crustaceans to three different brands of herbicides Roundup®Platinum, Efesto® and Taifun® MK CL.T, under two selected temperatures of 20 °C and 30 °C. The harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus fulvus, the anostracan Artemia franciscana, the amphipod Corophium insidiosum and the isopod Sphaeroma serratum were chosen as testing organisms. Effects of herbicides and temperatures were assessed by estimating lethal concentrations. The results showed that the high temperature rises the toxicity of glyphosate with an increase of mortality of all the tested species. This is an important aspect for future risk assessments of pesticides under global climate change scenarios. Efesto® resulted the most toxic brand, showing C. insidiosum the most sensitive with 96 h-LC50 values of 3.25 mg/L acid equivalent (a.e.) at 30 °C and 7.94 mg/L a.e. at 20 °C followed by T. fulvus while A. franciscana and S. serratum were the less sensitive. This study provides important information for assessing the toxic effects of three different brands of glyphosate-based herbicides on non-target marine organisms suggesting that they should be carefully managed to minimize any negative impact on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Parlapiano
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesca Biandolino
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
| | - Asia Grattagliano
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruscito
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Prato
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma, 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
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29
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Jho EH, Yun SH, Thapa P, Nam JW. Changes in the aquatic ecotoxicological effects of Triton X-100 after UV photodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11224-11232. [PMID: 33113057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various spray adjuvants including surfactants are widely used in agricultural pesticide formulations, and some of them may remain in soils and waters and impose more adverse effects than active pesticide ingredients on organisms. However, previous studies are more focused on the active pesticide ingredients than the adjuvants. Thus, this study investigates the changes in toxic effects of surfactants during photodegradation, which is one way of naturally degrading contaminants in natural waters. Triton X-100, a water-soluble non-ionic surfactant, was degraded using different types of UV radiation (UVA, UVB, and UVC), and the changes in the toxic effects were determined using bioluminescent bacteria and water flea. The Triton X-100 removals were negligible with UVA within 24 h, while its removal was 81% with UVB and almost complete with UVC. The NMR spectra indicated possible molecule rearrangement after photolysis. On the other hand, the toxic effects based on the mortality of Daphnia magna and the bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri increased (i.e., lower EC50 values) after photodegradation, suggesting the generation of photoproducts that are likely to have higher toxic effects or higher bioavailability. Furthermore, the sensitivities of D. magna and A. fischeri for Triton X-100 and the photodegraded Triton X-100 were different. This study suggests that the changes in the chemical composition of the Triton X-100 containing water with photodegradation can lead to changes in the relative toxic effects on different aquatic organisms. Therefore, not only the management of parent compound (i.e., Triton X-100) but also the photoproducts generated from the parent compound need to be considered when managing water environment subject to photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hea Jho
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Seong Ho Yun
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81 Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-eup, Cheoin-gu, Youngin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17035, South Korea
| | - Punam Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo, 38541, South Korea
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbukdo, 38541, South Korea
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Beecraft L, Rooney R. Bioconcentration of glyphosate in wetland biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143993. [PMID: 33310222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetland biofilms were exposed to the herbicide glyphosate via in situ field exposures and controlled microcosm experiments to measure bioconcentration and metabolism of glyphosate by biofilm organisms. Concentrations of glyphosate in biofilms were two to four orders of magnitude higher than the surrounding water, bioconcentration factors averaged 835 and 199 L·kg-1 in field- and lab-exposed biofilms, respectively. Glyphosate in water where it had been detected in biofilms at field-exposed sites ranged from below detection (<1 μg·L-1) up to 130 μg·L-1. Bioconcentration of glyphosate in biofilms was inversely proportional to concentrations in the surrounding water, and the retention kinetics were similar to both adsorption and enzymatic models. Microorganisms present in both the water and biofilms metabolized glyphosate to its primary breakdown product aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), with increased rates of breakdown in and around the biofilms. Photosynthetic efficiency of the algae within the biofilms was not affected by 24 h controlled glyphosate exposures. Our results demonstrate the role of biofilms in improving wetland water quality by removing contaminants like glyphosate, but also as a potential exposure route to higher trophic levels via consumption. Due to bioconcentration of pesticides, exposure risk to organisms consuming or living in biofilms may be much higher than indicated by concentrations in ambient water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beecraft
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Rooney
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Rainio MJ, Margus A, Virtanen V, Lindström L, Salminen JP, Saikkonen K, Helander M. Glyphosate-based herbicide has soil-mediated effects on potato glycoalkaloids and oxidative status of a potato pest. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127254. [PMID: 32559492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, targeting physiological pathways in plants. Recent studies have shown that glyphosate can also cause toxic effects in animals. We investigated the glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH)-induced changes in potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant chemistry and the effects of a GBH on the survival rate and oxidative status of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). The beetles were reared on potato plants grown in pots containing soil treated with a GBH (Roundup Gold, 450 g/l) or untreated soil (water control). The 2nd instar larvae were introduced to the potato plants and then collected in 2 phases: as 4th instar larvae and as adults. The main glycoalkaloids of the potato plants, α-solanine and α-chaconine, were measured twice during the experiment. The α-solanine was reduced in potato plants grown in GBH-treated soil, which can be detrimental to plant defenses against herbivores. GBH treatment had no effect on the survival rate or body mass of the larvae or the adult beetles. In the larvae, total glutathione (tGSH) concentration and the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase were increased in the GBH treatment group. In the adult beetles, CAT activity and tGSH levels were affected by the interactive effect of GBH treatment and the body mass. To conclude, environmentally relevant concentrations of a GBH can affect the potato plant's glycoalkaloid concentrations, but are not likely to directly affect the survival rate of the Colorado potato beetle, but instead, modify the antioxidant defense of the beetles via diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia J Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Valtteri Virtanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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Almasri H, Tavares DA, Pioz M, Sené D, Tchamitchian S, Cousin M, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111013. [PMID: 32888588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple pesticides originating from plant protection treatments and the treatment of pests infecting honey bees are frequently detected in beehive matrices. Therefore, winter honey bees, which have a long life span, could be exposed to these pesticides for longer periods than summer honey bees. In this study, winter honey bees were exposed through food to the insecticide imidacloprid, the fungicide difenoconazole and the herbicide glyphosate, alone or in binary and ternary mixtures, at environmental concentrations (0 (controls), 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L) for 20 days. The survival of the honey bees was significantly reduced after exposure to these 3 pesticides individually and in combination. Overall, the combinations had a higher impact than the pesticides alone with a maximum mortality of 52.9% after 20 days of exposure to the insecticide-fungicide binary mixture at 1 μg/L. The analyses of the surviving bees showed that these different pesticide combinations had a systemic global impact on the physiological state of the honey bees, as revealed by the modulation of head, midgut and abdomen glutathione-S-transferase, head acetylcholinesterase, abdomen glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and midgut alkaline phosphatase, which are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, the nervous system, defenses against oxidative stress, metabolism and immunity, respectively. These results demonstrate the importance of studying the effects of chemical cocktails based on low realistic exposure levels and developing long-term tests to reveal possible lethal and adverse sublethal interactions in honey bees and other insect pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Almasri
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | | | - Maryline Pioz
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Déborah Sené
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, 84914, Avignon, France.
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Gattás F, Espinosa M, Babay P, Pizarro H, Cataldo D. Invasive species versus pollutants: Potential of Limnoperna fortunei to degrade glyphosate-based commercial formulations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110794. [PMID: 32526590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of glyphosate in industrial agriculture may lead to freshwater contamination, encouraging studies of its toxic effect on non-target aquatic organisms. Glyphosate-based commercial formulations contain adjuvants, making them even more toxic than the active ingredient (a.i.) itself. The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei is a freshwater invasive species which has been found to increase glyphosate dissipation in water and to accelerate eutrophication. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of L. fortunei to reduce the concentration of glyphosate in two commercial formulations, Roundup Max® and Glifosato Atanor®. Results were compared with the decay of the a.i. alone and in presence of mussels. Evasive response and toxicity tests were performed in a first set of trials to analyze the response of L. fortunei exposed to Roundup Max® and Glifosato Atanor®. Subsequently, we conducted a 21-day degradation experiment in 2.6-L microcosms applying the following treatments: 6 mg L-1 of technical-grade glyphosate (G), Glifosato Atanor® (A), Roundup Max® (R), 20 mussels in dechlorinated tap water (M), and the combination of mussels and herbicide either in the technical-grade (MG) or formulated form (MA and MR) (all by triplicate). Samples were collected at days 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21. No significant differences in glyphosate decay were found between treatments with mussels (MG: 2.03 ± 0.40 mg L-1; MA: 1.60 ± 0.32 mg L-1; MR: 1.81 ± 0.21 mg L-1), between glyphosate as a.i. and the commercial formulations, and between the commercial formulations, suggesting that the adjuvants did not affect the degrading potential of L. fortunei. In addition to the acceleration of glyphosate dissipation in water, there was an increase in the concentration of dissolved nutrients in water (N-NH4+ and P-PO43-) even higher than that caused by the filtering activity of the mussels, probably resulting from stress or from the degradation of glyphosate and adjuvants. We believe that a larger bioavailability of these nutrients due to glyphosate metabolization mediated by mussels would accelerate eutrophication processes in natural water bodies. The approach used here, where L. fortunei was exposed to two commercial formulations actually used in agricultural practices, sheds light on the potential impact of glyphosate decay on water bodies invaded by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Gattás
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Babay
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Pizarro
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cataldo
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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35
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Lanzarin GAB, Venâncio CAS, Monteiro SM, Félix LM. Behavioural toxicity of environmental relevant concentrations of a glyphosate commercial formulation - RoundUp® UltraMax - During zebrafish embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126636. [PMID: 32276117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides with glyphosate as an active ingredient (a.i.) has increased dramatically in recent years, with its residues often being found in either soil or water. Nevertheless, concerns have arisen about its harmful side effects for both ecosystems and wildlife health. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of a commercial formulation of glyphosate (RoundUp® UltraMax), at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish embryos through a set of behavioural patterns. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 μg a.i. mL-1 concentrations of the glyphosate formulation for 72 h (from 2.5 to 75 h post-fertilization (hpf)). After exposure, larvae were washed and allowed to develop until 144 hpf. At this point, the larvae behaviour was evaluated using a battery of tests to assess the general exploratory motility, escape-like responses, anxiety-related behaviours and social interactions. In addition, cortisol levels were assessed. No significant changes were observed relative to the exploratory behaviour in the standard open field. The anxiety-related behaviours were similar among groups, and no social interference was observed following exposure to these glyphosate concentrations. Likewise, cortisol levels remained similar among treatments. Still, the larvae exposed to 5 μg a.i. mL-1 did not react to the presence of an aversive stimulus, supporting glyphosate-induced changes in the sensory-motor coordination during development. In general, these results indicate a possible neurotoxic effect of this glyphosate-based formulation that should be further evaluated. In addition, the results obtained could impose a risk for wildlife sensitive species that should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
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36
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Ostera JM, Malanga G, Puntarulo S. Assessment of oxidative balance in hydrophilic cellular environment in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125955. [PMID: 32028155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The studied hypothesis is that glyphosate (GLY) can affect the oxidative balance in the hydrophilic intracellular medium in non-target Chlorella vulgaris cells. Analytical GLY (5 μM) and a commercial product (RUP) (5 μM) supplementation, did not affect the growth profile. Neither in latent (Lag) nor in exponential (Exp) phase of development, there were significant differences in the cellular abundance, evaluated as cell number, after the supplementation with GLY or RUP. The ascorbyl (A•) content was significantly increased in the presence of GLY or RUP, in Lag and Exp phase of growth. No changes were observed in stationary (St) phase after supplementation with either GLY or RUP. Ascorbate (AH-) content was decreased by 30% in Exp phase of development the presence of RUP. In St phase of the development both, the administration of either GLY or RUP decreased the antioxidant content by 34 and 37%, respectively. The supplementation with GLY and RUP lead to a significant 5- and 10-fold increase in Exp phase, respectively in the A•/AH-content ratio, assessed as a damage/protection ratio in the hydrophilic fraction of the cells, as compared to controls. Neither GLY nor RUP affected the ratio in cells in St phase of development. The data presented here showed experimental evidence that suggested that oxidative balance in the hydrophilic environment is affected by GLY, even at the low to medium concentrations currently used. The effect seems as reversible either because of the magnitude of the herbicide-dependent damage or the antioxidant activity activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ostera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Puntarulo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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37
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Hamdaoui L, Oudadesse H, Lefeuvre B, Mahmoud A, Naifer M, Badraoui R, Ayadi F, Rebai T. Sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL, Glyphosate-based Herbicide, induced bone rarefaction in female Wistar rats. Toxicology 2020; 436:152412. [PMID: 32145347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Kalach 360 SL (KL), Glyphosate (G)-based herbicide, on bone tissue in different groups of female Wistar rats. Group 1 (n = 6) received a standard diet and served as a control, groups 2 and 3 (n = 6 each) received 0.07 ml (D1: 126 mg/Kg) and 0.175 ml (D2: 315 mg/Kg) of KL dissolved in the water for 60 days. The plasma was used to examine the metabolic balance markers (calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase alkaline (PAL), and vitamin D (vit D) and hormonal status (oestrogen and thyroid hormones). As a result, sub-chronic exposure to KL induced a perturbation of bone metabolism (calcium and phosphorus) and hormonal status disturbance. The histological and immunohistochemical study of the thyroid gland revealed a disturbance in morphological structure and thyroid cells function. Moreover, the KL disrupting eff ;ect on thyroid function was investigated by measuring changes in plasma levels of thyroid hormones. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4) were decreased in female rats breast-fed from rats treated with D and D2 of KL. This eff ;ect was associated with an increase in the plasma level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thus, that KL leads to hypothyroidism. Decrease in levels of oestrogen and thyroid dysfunction led to a disruption in the skeletal bone. The histological study and SEM in bone results allowed us to observe, in rats exposed to KL, the thinning and discontinuity of bone trabecular with a significant decrease in the number of nodes (intertrabecular links).In conclusion, KL sub-chronic exposure caused an aspect of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hassane Oudadesse
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Lefeuvre
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Asma Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O.Box "1177", Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifer
- Biochemical Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Biology, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, KSA; Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine College of Sfax, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Histology - Cytology, Medicine College of Tunis, Tunis El-Manar University, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Biochemical Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
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38
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Zhang HC, Yang YJ, Ma KX, Shi CY, Chen GW, Liu DZ. A novel sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica: cloning, characterization and protective effects in herbicide glyphosate stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:295-304. [PMID: 32088881 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the top-selling herbicide in the world, glyphosate distributes widely in natural environment and its influence on the ecological security and human health has attracted more and more concern. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a well-characterized superfamily of isoenzymes for cellular defense against exogenous toxic substances and therefore protect organisms from injury. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of GST gene (named as Dja-GST) in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was firstly cloned by means of RACE method. The full-length Dja-GST comprises of 706 nucleotides which encodes a polypeptide of 200 amino acids. Dja-GST has two representative GST domains at the N- and C-termini. The conservative GST-N domain includes G-site Y8, F9, R14, W39, K43, P52 and S64, while the variable GST-C domain contains H-site K104, V156, D159 and L161. Sequence analysis, phylogenetic tree reconstruction and multiple alignment collectively indicate that Dja-GST belongs to the Sigma class of GST superfamily. Also, GST gene expression profile, GST enzymatic activity and MDA content in response to glyphosate exposure were systematically investigated and the correlations among them were analyzed. The results suggest that glyphosate exposure modified the mRNA transcription and enzymatic activity of GST, as well as the MDA content in planarians, indicating that Dja-GST might play an important part in organisms defending against oxidative stress induced by glyphosate. This work lays a molecular foundation for further exploring the exact functions of Dja-GST and gives an important implication for evaluating the ecological environment effects of herbicide glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ke-Xue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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39
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Da Cuña RH, Lo Nostro FL, Shimabukuro V, Ondarza PM, Miglioranza KSB. Bioaccumulation and Distribution Behavior of Endosulfan on a Cichlid Fish: Differences Between Exposure to the Active Ingredient and a Commercial Formulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:604-611. [PMID: 31775175 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants reach aquatic ecosystems during application and can bioconcentrate/biomagnify because of their lipophilic nature. Toxicological studies focus almost exclusively on the active ingredients of pesticides, instead of commercial formulations, whose toxicity can differ as a result of nonspecified ingredients. The intensive use of endosulfan as a wide-ranging insecticide over the last few decades makes it one of the most frequently detected contaminants in the aquatic environment, even after it has been restricted worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and organ distribution of waterborne endosulfan in the freshwater fish Cichlasoma dimerus, comparing the active ingredient and a commercial formulation. Males were exposed to 0.7 μg/L endosulfan for 2 wk, which was quantified (gas chromatography with an electron capture detector) in the liver, testes, gills, brain, and muscle. The results suggest rapid metabolism of α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan isomers to endosulfan sulfate (endosulfan-S) in tissues. Isomer levels were highest in gills, indicative of recent uptake. Levels of endosulfan-S were highest in liver and testes for the active ingredient and testes and brain for the commercial formulation. For the active ingredient, endosulfan-S levels showed a positive correlation with organ-lipid percentage. No correlation was evident for the commercial formulation, indicating that the presence of adjuvants alters endosulfan distribution because gills and liver showed a higher uptake and mobilization of β-endosulfan. These differences in organ distribution may alter tissue-specific toxicity; therefore, additives cannot be considered inactive even if nontoxic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:604-611. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hérnan Da Cuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Shimabukuro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariana Ondarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Silvia Beatriz Miglioranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pochron S, Simon L, Mirza A, Littleton A, Sahebzada F, Yudell M. Glyphosate but not Roundup® harms earthworms (Eisenia fetida). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125017. [PMID: 31605995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup® formulations. While multiple studies have documented the toxicity, environmental persistence, and tendency to spread for glyphosate and Roundup®, few studies have compared the toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations to the toxicity of pure glyphosate for soil invertebrates, which contact both the herbicide and the formulations. Hundreds of formulations exist; their inert ingredients are confidential; and glyphosate persists in our food, water, and soil. In this experiment, we held glyphosate type and concentration constant, varying only formulation. Using Roundup Ready-to-Use III®, Roundup Super Concentrate®, and pure glyphosate, we delivered 26.3 mg glyphosate in the form of isopropylamine salt per kg of soil to compost worms (Eisenia fetida). We found that worms living in soil spiked with pure glyphosate lost 14.8-25.9% of their biomass and survived a stress test for 22.2-33.3% less time than worms living in uncontaminated soil. Worms living in soil spiked with Roundup Ready-to-Use III® and Roundup Super Concentrate® did not lose body mass and survived the stress test as well as worms living in uncontaminated soil. No contaminant affected soil microbial or fungal biomass over the 40-day period of this experiment. We suggest that the nitrates and phosphates in the formulations offset the toxic effects of glyphosate by spurring microbial growth and speeding glyphosate degradation. We also found a 26.5-41.3% reduction in fungal biomass across all treatments over the course of this experiment, suggesting that the worms consumed fungi and spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States.
| | - Leora Simon
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Anne Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Feisal Sahebzada
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
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Bednářová A, Kropf M, Krishnan N. The surfactant polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) reduces lifespan and inhibits fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster- In vivo and in vitro study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109883. [PMID: 31704328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an understanding of the role of adjuvants in a popular glyphosate-based herbicide - Roundup® Concentrate Plus (RCP), on non-target organisms, the effects of pure glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], RCP and a non-ionic surfactant - polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) were studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP (15 μg/mL) and POEA (45 μg/mL) reduced (p < 0.001) lifespan of female flies compared to untreated controls or glyphosate (100 μg/mL). Negative geotaxis responses in female flies were reduced (p < 0.05) following acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not significantly affect this response compared to untreated flies. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA elevated (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl levels while markedly (p < 0.01) inhibiting carbonyl reductase activity whereas glyphosate treatment did not significantly affect protein carbonyl levels or carbonyl reductase activity. Fecundity was reduced (p < 0.05) following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not affect fecundity. In vitro treatment of ovarian stem sheath (OSS) cells with sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA revealed decreased cell viability and enhanced caspase activity indicative of pro-apoptotic processes after 48 h compared to untreated controls. Glyphosate however was non-toxic at the concentration used. The results suggest that RCP and the surfactant POEA are more toxic than pure glyphosate and inhibit fecundity in Drosophila by impairing cell viability through enhanced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bednářová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maximillian Kropf
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Hamdaoui L, Naifar M, Rahmouni F, Ayadi F, Rebai T. Sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL-induced damage in rats' liver and hematological system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36634-36646. [PMID: 31732955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to Kalach 360 SL (KL), glyphosate-based herbicide used in Tunisia, on liver and hematological system in different groups of female rats. Group 1 was used as a control, while animals of groups 2 and 3 received orally 0.07 mL and 0.175 mL of KL, respectively (126 and 315 mg of glyphosate/kg), for 60 days. As a result, the KL-exposed groups exhibited hypochromic microcytic anemia, systemic inflammation, cytolysis, decrease in hepatic enzyme activity, and cholestasis. Exposure to different doses of KL could induce erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) in hematopoietic organs (bones). Moreover, lipid peroxidation contents and protein oxidation markers significantly increased in exposed groups, while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities decreased considerably, in both erythrocytes and liver tissues, compared with those in controls. Liver histological studies confirmed the presence of inflammatory reaction with pathology involving the damage or necrosis of hepatocytes, however, without fibrosis remodulation. Thus, KL sub-chronic exposure caused hepatonecrosis, systemic inflammation, and hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Hamdaoui
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Manel Naifar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, UR 12ES17 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, UR 12ES17 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology-Embryology Laboratory, UR 12ES15 Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Street Majida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
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Talyn B, Lemon R, Badoella M, Melchiorre D, Villalobos M, Elias R, Muller K, Santos M, Melchiorre E. Roundup ®, but Not Roundup-Ready ® Corn, Increases Mortality of Drosophila melanogaster. TOXICS 2019; 7:E38. [PMID: 31370250 PMCID: PMC6789507 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified foods have become pervasive in diets of people living in the US. By far the most common genetically modified foods either tolerate herbicide application (HT) or produce endogenous insecticide (Bt). To determine whether these toxicological effects result from genetic modification per se, or from the increase in herbicide or insecticide residues present on the food, we exposed fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to food containing HT corn that had been sprayed with the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup®, HT corn that had not been sprayed with Roundup®, or Roundup® in a variety of known glyphosate concentrations and formulations. While neither lifespan nor reproductive behaviors were affected by HT corn, addition of Roundup® increased mortality with an LC50 of 7.1 g/L for males and 11.4 g/L for females after 2 days of exposure. Given the many genetic tools available, Drosophila are an excellent model system for future studies about genetic and biochemical mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Talyn
- College of Natural Science, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
| | - Rachael Lemon
- Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Maryam Badoella
- Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | | | - Maryori Villalobos
- Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Raquel Elias
- Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Kelly Muller
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Maggie Santos
- Biology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Erik Melchiorre
- Geology Department, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
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de Melo MS, Dos Santos TPG, Jaramillo M, Nezzi L, Rauh Muller YM, Nazari EM. Histopathological and ultrastructural indices for the assessment of glyphosate-based herbicide cytotoxicity in decapod crustacean hepatopancreas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:207-214. [PMID: 30870667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), including Roundup, are the most widely used pesticides in the world. Glyphosate residues have been detected in surface and groundwater, in food, and in human blood and urine. The effects of this herbicide on different levels of biological organization are an important concern that needs to be investigated. In general, the toxicity of GBH in invertebrates is poorly understood, and it is the motivation of this study. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cellular responses of the hepatopancreas, an organ involved in the detoxification process in invertebrates, after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of GBH, using prawn Macrobrachium potiuna as a model. Prawns were exposed to three concentrations of GBH (0.0065, 0.065 and 0.28 mg L-1) for 7 or 14 days. Alterations in the morphology of the hepatopancreas and in subcellular components of R cells, which are responsible for the detoxification process, were analyzed, and an index for subcellular alterations was standardized. GBH exposure induced tissue commitments on the hepatopancreas, as well as important impairments of R cells that could compromise the normal functioning of the cells, especially in the detoxification processes. The major cellular impairments were intense vacuolization, dilatation of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, increase of perinuclear space, necrosis, concentric membrane formation and mitochondria crest loss. Our data contribute to the knowledge of the cytotoxic effects of low GBH concentrations on aquatic invertebrates, specifically their effects on the hepatopancreas, an important organ for the metabolism of crustaceans. These results also indicate that concentrations considered safe by regulatory agencies should be reviewed to minimize the effects on non-target organisms. This study also contributes to the standardization of an ultrastructure index for the assessment of GBH in palaemonids, which could be used for the assessment of contaminants in crustaceans and other species with hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane Nezzi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Muller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Liu T, Xu S, Lu S, Qin P, Bi B, Ding H, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu X. A review on removal of organophosphorus pesticides in constructed wetland: Performance, mechanism and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2247-2268. [PMID: 30332661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The residues of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) have been widely detected in rivers, the gulf, and even groundwater and drinking water, which may pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Compared to other treatments, constructed wetlands (CWs) have been demonstrated to be a cost-effective alternative risk mitigation strategy for non-point-source pesticide pollution. This review summarizes 32 studies related to the remediation of OPPs in 117 CWs during 2001-2017 worldwide. The performances, mechanisms and influencing factors in the studies are comprehensively and critically reviewed in this paper. Overall, the OPPs were efficiently removed with an efficiency up to 87.22 ± 16.61%. The removal efficiency, differences and related reasons among different types of CWs in developed and developing countries and the different types of OPPs in CWs are well-evaluated in detail. In addition, the main processes for OPPs removal in CWs involve phytoremediation (plant uptake, phytoaccumulation, phytovolatilization and phytodegradation), substrate adsorption or sedimentation, and biodegradation. Based on the quantitative analysis by mass balance, for water-soluble pesticides, the dominant removal process was via microbiological degradation. This result was in contrast to findings obtained with hydrophobic OPPs, for which the dominant processes were biodegradation and sorption by substrate. Therefore, the behavior of microbial transformation prevails. Additionally, the presence of plants can facilitate the elimination of OPPs in CWs, promoting the process by an average percentage of approximately 6.19 ± 9.46%. Statistical analysis shows that loading of inlet OPPs is the largest limiting factor and that the HRT and T are the most significant parameters that influence the efficiency of trapping OPPs in CWs. Simultaneously, we can also obtain suitable parameters for the design and operation of CWs. This review promotes further research on plant-microbe joint combined remediation and examines the different behaviors of water-soluble and hydrophobic OPPs in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pan Qin
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Bi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Ding
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria an Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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Rainio MJ, Margus A, Lehmann P, Helander M, Lindström L. Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and oxidative status of a non-target herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:47-55. [PMID: 30316832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the globally most used herbicide against a wide range of weeds. Glyphosate has been considered safe to animals as it mainly targets physiological pathways in plants. However, recent toxicological studies have revealed that glyphosate can cause various toxic effects also on animals. In this study, we investigated the direct toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, Roundup® Bio) on 1) survival and 2) oxidative status of a non-target herbivore by using Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), originating from Poland and USA, as model species. Larvae were randomly divided into three groups: 1) high concentration (100% Roundup Bio, 360 g/l), 2) low concentration (1.5% Roundup Bio) and 3) control group (water). Larvae were exposed to Roundup for different time periods: 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. Larval survival decreased in the group treated with high concentration of GBH compared to controls, whereas the low concentration group did not differ from the control group. GBH treatment had no association with oxidative status biomarkers (i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione and glutathione related enzymes), but increased lipid hydroperoxide levels after 2 h exposure, suggesting increased oxidative damage soon after the exposure. Larvae of different origin also differed in their oxidative status, indicating population-dependent differences in antioxidant defence system. Environmentally relevant concentrations of GBH are not likely to affect larval survival, but high concentrations can reduce survival and increase oxidative damage of non-target herbivores. Also, populations of different origin and pesticide usage history can differ in their tolerance to GBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia J Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Kronberg MF, Clavijo A, Moya A, Rossen A, Calvo D, Pagano E, Munarriz E. Glyphosate-based herbicides modulate oxidative stress response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 214:1-8. [PMID: 30142450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based formulation is used as non-selective and post-emergent herbicides in urban and rural activities. In view of its recurring applications in agricultural producing countries, the increase of glyphosate concentration in the environment stresses the need to test the adverse effects on non-target organisms and assess the risk of its use. This paper analyzes the toxicological and oxidative stress and modulatory effects of a glyphosate commercial formulation (glyphosate F) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We detected ROS production and enhancement of oxidative stress response in glyphosate F-treated nematodes. Particularly, we found an increased ctl-1 catalase gene expression of a catalase specific activity. In addition, we showed that glyphosate F treatment activated the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16, a critical target of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, which modulates the transcription of a broad range of genes involved in stress resistance, reproductive development, dauer formation, and longevity. In summary, the exposure of glyphosate F induces an oxidative imbalance in C. elegans that leads to the DAF-16 activation and consequently to the expression of genes that boost the antioxidant defense system. In this regard, clt-1 gene and catalase activity proved to be excellent biomarkers to develop more sensitive protocols to assess the environmental risk of glyphosate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Kronberg
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Clavijo
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana Moya
- Cátedra de Protección vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariana Rossen
- Laboratorio Experimental de Tecnologías Sustentables, Instituto Nacional del Agua, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Calvo
- Dirección de Servicios Hidrológicos, Instituto Nacional del Agua, Pcia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Pagano
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Munarriz
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Iummato MM, Sabatini SE, Cacciatore LC, Cochón AC, Cataldo D, de Molina MDCR, Juárez ÁB. Biochemical responses of the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei under dietary glyphosate exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:69-75. [PMID: 30041128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the biochemical alterations in the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei under dietary glyphosate exposure. Mussels were fed during 4 weeks with the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus previously exposed to a commercial formulation of glyphosate (6 mg L-1 active principle) with the addition of alkyl aryl polyglycol ether surfactant. After 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of dietary exposure, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterases (CES) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, glutathione (GSH) content and damage to lipids and proteins levels were analyzed. A significant increase (72%) in the GST activity and a significant decrease (26%) in the CES activity in the mussels fed on glyphosate exposed algae for 28 days were observed. The ALP activity was significantly increased at 21 and 28 days of dietary exposure (48% and 72%, respectively). GSH content and CAT, SOD and AchE activities did not show any differences between the exposed and non exposed bivalves. No oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, measured as TBARS and carbonyl content respectively, was observed in response to glyphosate dietary exposure. The decrease in the CES activity and the increases in GST and ALP activities observed in L. fortunei indicate that dietary exposure to glyphosate provokes metabolic alterations, related with detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Iummato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Eduardo Sabatini
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Claudio Cacciatore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Cristina Cochón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cataldo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. CONICET-UBA-Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Ríos de Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Beatriz Juárez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hackenberger DK, Stjepanović N, Lončarić Ž, Hackenberger BK. Acute and subchronic effects of three herbicides on biomarkers and reproduction in earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:722-730. [PMID: 29894974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are exposed to herbicides both through their skin and digestive system. Herbicides can influence earthworms' survival, physiology and reproduction. However, there is a lack of data on herbicide effects on earthworms as they are often regarded as low or non-toxic. The aim of our study was to investigate whether widely used commercial formulations of glyphosate (GLF), tembotrione (TBT) and nicosulfuron (NCS) each applied at three environmentally relevant concentrations have adverse effects on various biomarkers and reproduction in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta. The activities of measured biomarkers varied depending on the herbicide used and the exposure duration and suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of tested herbicides. Namely, GLF caused an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity induction after seven days, and NCS after 28 days, while TBT caused an inhibition up to 47% (6.6 μg kgdw soil-1) after seven days. Only TBT caused a significant change (H2 = 13.96, p = 0.002) to catalase (CAT) after seven days of exposure. Malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) were increased all the time after NCS exposure, but only after seven days in GLF and 28 days in TBT treatments, respectively. The tested herbicides did not have a significant effect on reproduction success, expect of NCS which increased the number of juveniles (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Lončarić
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Branimir K Hackenberger
- J. J. Strossmayer University, Department of Biology, Cara Hadrijana 8A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Avdatek F, Birdane YO, Türkmen R, Demirel HH. Ameliorative effect of resveratrol on testicular oxidative stress, spermatological parameters and DNA damage in glyphosate-based herbicide-exposed rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13036. [PMID: 29761542 DOI: 10.1111/and.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the reproductive impacts of being exposed to glyphosate (GLF) and the protective impacts of resveratrol (RES) were assessed in 28 Wistar male rats, which were equally separated into four groups. Control group were fed normal diet without GLF or RES, group II received normal feed containing 20 mg kg-1 daily-1 RES, group III received normal feed containing 375 mg kg-1 daily-1 GLF, and group IV received normal feed containing 375 mg kg-1 daily-1 GLF+20 mg kg-1 daily-1 RES. GLF administration decreased sperm motility, sperm plasma membrane integrity, glutathione level and superoxide dismutase in the testicular tissue of rats. On the other hand, abnormal sperm rate, malondialdehyde level, and DNA damage were detected to be high in the group treated with GLF. The findings indicate that RES protects spermatological parameters and DNA damage, decreases GLF-induced lipid peroxidation, improves the antioxidant defence mechanism and regenerates tissue damage in the testis of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avdatek
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Y O Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - R Türkmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - H H Demirel
- Department of Laborant and Veterinary Health, Bayat Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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