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Costa LR, Tovar Salvador MDLL, Pintado-Herrera MG, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Martins CC, Lourenço RA, Combi T. Legacy and novel contaminants in surface sediments of Admiralty Bay, Antarctica Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175551. [PMID: 39151623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most remote areas on the planet, the Antarctic continent is subject to anthropogenic influences. The presence of various groups of contaminants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been documented in the region over the past decades. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the detection of new pollutants, such as emerging contaminants (ECs), in Antarctic coastal environments. This study analyzed the occurrence and levels of selected POPs, PAHs, ECs in surface sediments from Admiralty Bay, Antarctica Peninsula. Non-target screening was employed to identify potential novel contaminants in the region. Samples (n = 17) were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system and instrumental analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC/MS-MS). Regarding regulated contaminants, concentrations of Σ5PCBs ranged from
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia R Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, BA 40170-020, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - María de la Luz Tovar Salvador
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz. Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz. Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, BA 40170-020, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, BA 40170-020, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Bisch VK, Dauner ALL, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, Bícego MC, Montone RC, Martins CC. One century of variations in organic matter inputs in marine Antarctic sediments: Insights from bulk and isotopic data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175029. [PMID: 39117211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The elemental composition and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of sedimentary organic matter (OM) are vital geochemical tools for understanding environments, physical and biogeochemical processes, and even paleoclimatic conditions on Earth. Given that the Antarctic Peninsula region is one of the few areas that remain relatively preserved compared to many other regions on Earth, sensitive to climate change, and yet remains the least explored continent, this study aimed to characterise the elemental (total organic carbon and total nitrogen) and isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) composition of marine sediments from various regions of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. This was done to assess potential sources of OM. The sampling included: (i) 17 surface sediment samples collected across the bay in January 2020; (ii) surface sediment samples collected during the 2009-2019 period at three specific inlets of Admiralty Bay; and (iii) three sediment cores collected from each inlet in 2007-2008. TOC and TN varied from 0.09 to 0.99 % and 0.02 to 0.18 %, respectively. The δ13C values ranged from -25.9 to -18.4 ‰, while the δ15N values varied from -12.4 to 22.7 ‰. The C/N ratio values were from 2.5 to 19.3. OM in sediments from Ezcurra Inlet primarily originates from terrestrial plants prevalent in Antarctica, such as mosses and lichens, alongside aquatic plants like algae and phyto- and zooplankton. Similarly, Mackelar Inlet is characterised by substantial contributions from these abovementioned sources. In contrast, Martel Inlet exhibits diverse sources, predominantly influenced by various marine mammals and seabirds and their excrements, in addition to the signals from mosses and lichens. Recent sediments sampled post-2008 in Martel Inlet show a decreased contribution from animal sources, with mosses and lichens emerging as the predominant contributors, corroborating patterns observed in the other inlets. Our findings suggest that climate change is expanding ice-free areas, promoting the growth of terrestrial vegetation, and altering the composition of sedimentary OM in Admiralty Bay, indicating changes over the studied time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane K Bisch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia L Dauner
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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3
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Miranda CODE, Lima Neto EDE, Schaefer CEGR. Anthropogenic effect on the pedochemical variability of potentially toxic elements at the vicinity of an Antarctic research station. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230724. [PMID: 39194006 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antarctica represents an isolated continent devoted to conservation and scientific research, although it accumulates records of increasing anthropic contamination. The historical continued use of fuel for power generation in Antarctic settlements is a potential source of toxic elements to the soil. We investigate Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn levels in surface soils in the vicinity of the Henryk Arctowski Antarctic Station, aiming to identify anthropic effects on their local pedochemical variability. Pollution indices were used and compared to evaluate possible cumulative anthropic impacts, whereas correlation analyzes were explored to identify potential sources of contamination. High concentrations of Pb and Zn were locally observed near fuel tanks and machinery facilities. Correlation and principal component analysis suggest that old fuel tanks, vehicle traffic and machinery disturbance are key, and contrasting, sources of contamination. Among the eight indices we compared, Enrichment Factor and Modified Degree of Contamination were chosen, showing very high enrichment for Pb and moderate for Zn. All other elements presented minimal or null enrichment. The evidence of potentially toxic elements enrichment on Antarctic soils associated with the long-term occupation of Antarctic research stations highlights the need for further monitoring and mitigation measures, especially in energy-generating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caik O DE Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Edifício Sylvio Starling Brandão, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Elias DE Lima Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ernesto G R Schaefer
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Edifício Sylvio Starling Brandão, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Xia Y, Zhang Y, Ji Q, Cheng X, Wang X, Sabel CE, He H. Sediment core records and impact factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116690. [PMID: 37474088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lake sediment is a natural sink for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH sedimentation characteristics and their impact factors of Chinese lakes have mainly been qualitative assessed. However, quantitative impacts of PAH sedimentation from different factors have not been well analyzed. To fill this gap, we screened PAH sedimentation records from the literature, for 51 lakes in China and other regions of the world, to identify historical concentration variation and the impact factors of PAHs in different regions, in lake sediment. The results show that PAH concentrations in the sediment core in the selected Chinese lakes (478 ± 812 ng/g dry weight (dw)) were significantly lower than those in North America (5518 ± 6572 ng/g dw) and Europe (3817 ± 4033 ng/g dw). From 1900 to 2015, most of the lakes in China showed an increasing trend of PAH sedimentation concentrations, with the lakes in Southeastern China showed a decreasing trend of PAH concentration in the period of 2001-2015, which was later than the peak times shown in Western countries (1941-1970). The 2-3-ring PAHs were the main components in the sediment core of Chinese lakes, but the proportion to the total PAHs decreased from 72% in 1900-1940 to 55% in 2001-2015. Generalized additive modeling (GAM) was adopted to simulate the associations between PAH sedimentation records and the impact factors. There are large regional variations of economic and industrial development in China. The impact factors of PAH accumulation in the lake sediments differ in different regions. However, population and the consumption of coal, pesticides, and fertilizer were identified to be the most important impact factors influencing PAH sedimentation. The Chinese government needs to strengthen control measures on pollutant discharge to reduce the anthropogenic impact of PAH sedimentation in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Xia
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark; BERTHA - Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Qingsong Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Clive E Sabel
- BERTHA - Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, 354300, PR China.
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5
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Thomas ER, Tetzner DR, Roberts SL, Turner SD, Rose NL. First evidence of industrial fly-ash in an Antarctic ice core. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6529. [PMID: 37085561 PMCID: PMC10121663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) are a component of fly-ash, the particulate by-product of industrial high temperature combustion of fuel-oil and coal-series fuels. We provide the first evidence that these indelible markers of industrialisation have been deposited in Antarctic ice, thousands of kilometres from any potential source. The earliest observed particle was deposited in an ice layer from 1936 CE. While depositional fluxes are low, chemical analysis of individual SCPs indicates a coal combustion origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Thomas
- Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - D R Tetzner
- Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - S L Roberts
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S D Turner
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - N L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Jin S, Cao S, Li R, Gao H, Na G. Trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the food web of the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55057-55066. [PMID: 36884168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic ecosystem is characterized by few consumer species and simple trophic levels (TLs), rendering it an ideal setting to investigate the environmental behavior of contaminants. The paper aims to assess the presence, sources and biomagnification behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of the Antarctic food web and is the first study of biomagnifications of PAHs in the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica. Nine representative species from the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were sampled and evaluated for PAH presence. PAH concentrations ranged from 477.41 to 1237.54 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in the sampled Antarctic biota, with low molecular weight PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene) comprising the majority of the PAHs. PAHs concentrations were negatively correlated with TLs. Further, the food web magnification factor (FWMF) of ∑PAHs was 0.63, suggesting biodilution of PAHs along the TLs. Source analyses revealed that the PAHs mainly originated from petroleum contamination and the combustion of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichen Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shengkai Cao
- School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-Environment Process and Carbon, Sink of Hainan Province/Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute/College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, China.
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Neves PA, Costa PG, Portz LC, Garcia MR, Fillmann G. Levels and sources of hydrocarbons in the Patos Lagoon estuary and Cassino Beach mud bank (South Atlantic, Brazil): evidence of transference between environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:484. [PMID: 36932277 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in superficial sediments collected along the Patos Lagoon estuary and in sediment cores obtained from the Cassino Beach mud bank. Levels and distribution of n-alkanes indicate terrestrial sources, overlapping with a low amount of petrogenic hydrocarbons (heavy oils). Unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was observed in all samples. On the other hand, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed a predominance of pyrolytic over petrogenic sources. In general, hydrocarbons (HCs) contamination in the Patos Lagoon estuary and its adjacent coastal area can be considered low, except for sites near urban or industrial effluents, where moderate to high levels of contamination were found. Concentrations of hydrocarbons were homogeneous throughout the sediment cores, suggesting that mixing processes may have occurred along the layers or that HCs inputs to the mud banks were uniform during the studied deposition period. In addition, the levels and profile of HCs in the coastal sediments were similar to those observed in the estuary. Moreover, the frequent remobilization of sediments from the mud bank towards Cassino beach does not seem to pose any threats to the local biota or beach users since the levels of contamination were relatively low and below the threshold limits of sediment quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Andrade Neves
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Costa
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Luana C Portz
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina R Garcia
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, PR, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil.
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Han B, Wang G, Liu A, Zheng Y, Zheng L, Ding R. Characteristics and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in organisms and manure near Ardley Island, Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114577. [PMID: 36689872 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the migration and accumulation behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biological chains in the cold environment around the Ardley Island, a variety of biological and penguin manure samples during China's 36th Antarctic Scientific expedition have been collected and studied. A certain difference in PAHs concentration was observed in the environmental samples, and the order of size was as follows: fish > limpets > krill > manure > brown alga > mosses. The percentage of PAHs with different ring numbers in brown alga, moss, and krill was in the following order: three rings > two rings > four rings > five rings > six rings. The proportion of HMW-PAHs in limpets and fish samples was higher than that in brown alga, moss, manure, and krill samples. The main source of PAHs in environmental samples near Ardley Island is oil, which may be due to the development of tourism in Antarctica, the number of ships and human activities around the region. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the protection of the ecological environment in the area around Ardley Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Gui Wang
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, China
| | - Ang Liu
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunchao Zheng
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Marine Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Runtian Ding
- Qingdao Hailukong Environmental Automatic-control Engineering Co., Ltd, China
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Guo F, Gao M, Dong J, Sun J, Hou G, Liu S, Du X, Yang S, Liu J, Huang Y. The first high resolution PAH record of industrialization over the past 200 years in Liaodong Bay, northeastern China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119103. [PMID: 36116194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent tracers for fossil fuel combustion, natural fires and petroleum contamination, and have been widely used for reconstructing past wildfires and industrial activities at a variety of time scales. Here, for the first time, we obtain a high resolution (annual to decadal scale) record of PAHs from two parallel marine sediment cores from the Liaodong Bay, Northeastern China to reconstruct the industrial activities, spanning the past ∼ 200 years from 1815 to 2014. Our data indicate that PAH variations can be divided into four episodes: I) low (probably near background) PAHs from natural fires and domestic wood combustion during the pre-industrial period from 1815 to 1890; II) slightly increased (but with large fluctuations) PAH concentrations derived from intermittent warfare during the World War (1891-1945) and increased industrial activities after 1946 (1946-1965); III) a period of stagnation and, in some cases, reduction in PAHs during the "Cultural Revolution" (1966 to 1979); and IV) a rapid and persistent rise in PAHs post 1979 linked to fast economic development, with PAH concentrations doubled from 1979 to 2014. Changes in PAH distributions demonstrate major shifts in the dominant types of fuels over time from vegetation/wood, to coal and wood, followed by coal and petroleum (including vehicle emissions) over the past 200 years. We find that PAH records also show similar trend to domestic economy and the estimated regional Anthropocene CO2 emissions from industrial activities, suggesting sedimentary PAH fluxes could be used as an indirect and qualitative proxy to track the trend for regional anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710061, China.
| | - Maosheng Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junfu Dong
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States
| | - Shu Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States.
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10
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Ercan MSF, Ayyıldız MF, Yazıcı E, Metin B, Chormey DS, Koçoğlu ES, Bakırdere S. Development and validation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 200 Antarctica samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:328. [PMID: 35384516 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica has seen an increase in scientific research and tourism, and anthropogenic activities such as incineration of waste products and fuel combustion for energy and transportation are potential contamination sources to the ecosystem. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common products of incomplete combustion of organic compounds and could be among accumulating contaminants in Antarctica. Thus, this study sought to develop a sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Parameters that were relevant to the extraction method were carefully optimized and validated using aqueous standard solutions. The optimum method recorded detection limits in the range of 0.20-6.1 µg/L for the analytes. Spike recovery experiments were carried out on artificial seawater, rock-soil, and moss samples, using matrix matching calibration to mitigate effects of the sample matrices. The samples analyzed included seawater, lake, rock-soil, moss, seaweed, and feces samples all collected from the Horseshoe and Faure Islands in Antarctica. The percent recovery results obtained for the samples spiked at different concentrations ranged between 86 and 115%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elif Yazıcı
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfin Metin
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
- Innova Gold Group, Merkez Mah. Ladin Sok. No:4/B001 Yenibosna, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Seda Koçoğlu
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, 06670, Ankara, Turkey.
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Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 1: Sediment and water analysis for PAH sources evaluation in the vicinity of Arctowski station. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132637. [PMID: 34715110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a study regarding the identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh waters and surface sediments on the western shore of Admiralty Bay over four sampling seasons from 2017 to 2018. The results were compared to literature data from 2016 to provide a more comprehensive image of the environmental fate of PAHs over the years. The highest value of Σ PAHs was 82.9 ng/L and 445 ng/g dw in water and sediment samples, respectively. The analysis of PAH indicator ratio values showed that pyrogenic or mixed sources contribute to the PAH pollution in Antarctic sediments and water more than does petroleum. The main source is the combustion of biomass (e.g. as a result of fires) and coal, and PAHs are mostly associated with the activity of stations or are transported to a lesser extent by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from South America. The values of the ΣLMW/ΣHMW ratio in sediments indicate that petrogenic sources contribute to PAH contamination, but among the six PAH ratios tested, petrogenic sources were identified as dominant in approximately 17-19% of cases. Lack of coherence in the obtained results confirms the mixed origin of PAHs in the studied samples. Although the differentiation of PAHs sources is still ambiguous, caution is recommended in light of the Antarctic system's evident and rapid response to global and local PAH emissions, and the dependency of accumulation and release cycle processes on weather conditions. A reduction in petrol usage in favour of renewable energy sources, and restriction of tourism are strongly recommended for better preservation of the pristine Antarctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
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12
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GHELLER PAULAF, CORBISIER THAISN. Monitoring the anthropogenic impacts in Admiralty Bay using meiofauna community as indicators (King George Island, Antarctica). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210616. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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CERÓN-NECULPAN MASIEL, SIMÕES JEFFERSONC, SCHWANCK FRANCIELE, LASCANI JORGE. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Antarctic Ice Core: Prior Study by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction and High–Performance Liquid Chromatography. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210628. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - JEFFERSON C. SIMÕES
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Brazil; University of Maine, USA
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Szumińska D, Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Czapiewski S, Falk U, Frankowski M, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 2: Organic and inorganic chemicals in snow cover at the Warszawa Icefield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149054. [PMID: 34328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study area is located on King George Island, where 90% of the area is permanently glaciated. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the inorganic and organic chemistry of snow cover in the icefield and a comparison against previous results obtained in fresh water. Snow samples were collected in the summer of 2017 in the Warszawa Icefield area. Sampling points are located along two transects: between the Arctowski Polish Polar Station and the Carlini Base (N = 4), and from the forefield to the upper part of Ecology Glacier (N = 5). In the snow samples, (1) basic ions, (2) major trace metals and metalloids (and B), and (3) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected and quantified. Additionally, the parameters of pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC25) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The results show a low concentration of inorganic elements (<30 mg/L), TOC (<1 mg/L) and PAHs (0.11-1.4 ng/L) in collected snow samples. A slight increase in PAHs and heavy-metals concentration has been observed at the marginal parts of the icefield, which suggests the impact of scientific stations. Based on this result there is a need to conduct research on pollutant levels in ice cores on King George Island to assess the risk associated with rapid glacier thawing and pollution remobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sebastian Czapiewski
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ulrike Falk
- Bremen University, Institute for Geography, Climate Lab, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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15
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Vodopivez C, Curtosi A, Pelletier E, Saint-Louis R, Spairani LU, Hernández EA, Zakrajsek A, Genez A, Mac Cormack WP. Low levels of PAHs and organotin compounds in surface sediment samples from a broad marine area of 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, South Shetland Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147206. [PMID: 33957587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula constitutes the area with the highest human presence in West Antarctica. The human presence, with all the activities associated such as logistic, scientific and tourism operations, represents a potential risk of chemical pollution with both, organic and inorganic contaminants. Under these conditions knowledge about the presence and levels of the main persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is essential to evaluate the environmental status of this ecologically relevant and sensitive area. In this work, which complements our previous study regarding trace elements, we performed the first regional-scale monitoring of 24 PAHs (16 of them included in EPA list of primary pollutant), and organotin compounds (OTCs:TBT, DBT and MBT) in surface sediment from 68 sites comprising six different areas in Maxwell Bay, southeast coast of 25 de Mayo (King George) Island. POPs were quantified in surface sediment samples (20-30 m depth) obtained during two summer Antarctic expeditions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two most anthropized areas (South Fildes and Potter Cove) showed moderated evidence of pollution for PAHs and OTC. In some sampling sites the concentration of total PAHs was higher than 100 ng/g dw, while TBT was detected in only five samples, two of them located in Potter Cove (ranged between 14 and 18 ng/g dw), and three, located in South Fildes area (ranged between 118 and 416 ng/g dw). Although POPs contamination was evidenced in some samples close to scientific stations, a pollution pattern was not clearly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vodopivez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Curtosi
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Pelletier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - R Saint-Louis
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - L U Spairani
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E A Hernández
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto NANOBIOTEC UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 6to piso, CABA, Argentina
| | - A Zakrajsek
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Genez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W P Mac Cormack
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto NANOBIOTEC UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 6to piso, CABA, Argentina..
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16
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Boitsov S, Klungsøyr J, Jensen HKB. Background concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in deep core sediments from the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea: A proposed update of the OSPAR Commission background values for these sea areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126344. [PMID: 32443255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical studies of 174 sediment cores collected by the MAREANO mapping program in Norwegian waters of the North Atlantic Ocean give new sets of values of background concentrations (BCs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the studied regions. The study is based on deep core sediment samples representing background levels of PAHs. The samples selected were only from the deeper parts of undisturbed sediment cores with low, stable concentrations of petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs, with low variation for individual PAH compounds between the samples within the same core, and from below the parts of the cores dated with 210Pb to approximately the last 100-150 years. The results show that the main part of the studied area has BCs different from those previously established by OSPAR Commission (OSPAR) for the North-East Atlantic. Another area in central Barents Sea has a separate set of BCs of pyrogenic PAHs, apparently due to the influence from marginal ice zone mechanisms. A third area with its own set of BCs has been established for north-western Barents Sea off the coast of Svalbard, due to high natural contents of PAHs in this area. BCs for several PAHs not included in the present OSPAR list are also provided.
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17
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Guimarães LM, De França EJ, de Arruda GN, Albergaria-Barbosa ACRD. Historical inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the preserved tropical estuary of the Itapicuru River, Bahia, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111218. [PMID: 32510369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate temporal changes in the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the estuary of the Itapicuru (Brazil). A sediment core was sampled in the study area. Concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry. A gas flow proportional counter was used to estimate the sedimentation rate through the determination of 210Pb. Granulometric fractions and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were also evaluated. Concentrations of TOC and PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 2.51% and 1.98 to 43.1 ng g-1 (dry weight), respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between the mud content in the sediment core samples and concentrations of both TOC and PAHs. Higher PAH concentrations occurred after the 1950s. The main sources of PAHs over time were local human activities on the northern coast of the state of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Medeiros Guimarães
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir De França
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Av. Professor Luís Freire, 200, Recife, PE 50740-545, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Rizzatti de Albergaria-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos do Petróleo, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil.
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18
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Niu L, Yang Q, van Gelder P, Zeng D, Cai H, Liu F, Luo X. Field analysis of PAHs in surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and their environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10925-10938. [PMID: 31953768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on a monthly field survey in 2011 of the Pearl River Estuary, the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments (depth < 5 cm) were explored. The seasonal variations in PAH level and composition were investigated in this study, as well as their environmental behaviors, the role of particles, and source apportionment. The concentration of the sum of 16 priority PAHs (defined as ∑16PAHs) ranged from 0.32 to 1.10 μg/g, while that of the sum of 62 PAHs (defined as ∑tPAHs) varied from 0.83 to 2.75 μg/g. The levels of both the ∑16PAHs and ∑tPAHs peaked in February, although the minimum levels appeared in different months-December and August, respectively. The seasonal difference in the ∑tPAHs was significant (flood season, 7.69 μg/g; dry season, 10.51 μg/g). The 5-ring PAH compound (e.g., perylene) was the most abundant and was responsible for 35% of the total, which implied a terrestrial input source via the Pearl River. Sediment particles were predominantly composed of clayed sand, and sediment PAHs showed a greater tendency to be adsorbed onto the large-sized particles rather than the fine fractions. Total organic carbon (TOC) could considerably facilitate the sediment PAHs. Principal component analysis revealed that vehicle emission sources, petroleum sources, and combustion sources were the major anthropogenic contamination sources. The diagnostic ratios of various individual PAHs were also explored. These findings are particularly useful for understanding the geochemistry of organic pollutants in the complex estuarine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Niu
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingshu Yang
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pieter van Gelder
- Section of Safety and Security Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628, BX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Danna Zeng
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Cai
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxin Luo
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
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Sutilli M, Combi T, Garcia MRD, Martins CC. One century of historical deposition and flux of hydrocarbons in a sediment core from a South Atlantic RAMSAR subtropical estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136017. [PMID: 31855633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Levels and fluxes of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), including n-alkanes and petroleum biomarkers (PBMs), were measured in a sedimentary core from a nominated RAMSAR (Guaratuba Bay, Brazil) subtropical estuary experiencing relatively low human impacts, to describe the evolution of anthropogenic activities over the last century. TOC contents varied from 0.80 to 1.25%. No significant correlation between hydrocarbons and TOC with grain size (predominantly sand) was observed. Concentration and flux of total AHs ranged from 65.5 to 195 μg g-1 and 27.6 to 82.0 μg cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in 1960-1966, when access routes to Guaratuba city were improved. Diagnostic ratios based on AH components showed an apparent change in the sources over time, with biogenic origins prevailing until 1966-1971, followed by subsequent increases in petroleum sources. Petroleum tricyclic terpanes were detected in the core (0.40 to 3.0 μg g-1), suggesting the use of lubricating oil in the bay area. Hopanes were mainly attributed to biological sources. Concentration and flux of total PAHs ranged from 8.65 to 35.9 ng g-1 and 3.64 to 15.1 ng cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in the top core section, reflecting recently increased human activity, while a peak PAH concentration at approximately 1977-1983 can be assumed to be a delayed signal of increased human occupation as a consequence of the improvement of access roads to the area, which started in the 1960s. Alkylated were the most abundant group of PAHs throughout the core. Despite relatively low concentrations of hydrocarbon deposition over approximately 90 years, this study highlights the influence of human occupation and slight petroleum contamination in this preserved area, mainly in recent core sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sutilli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.; Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marina Reback Domingues Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
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Combi T, Pintado-Herrera MG, Lara-Martín PA, Lopes-Rocha M, Miserocchi S, Langone L, Guerra R. Historical sedimentary deposition and flux of PAHs, PCBs and DDTs in sediment cores from the western Adriatic Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125029. [PMID: 31604196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sources and depositional history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) over the last century were investigated in sediment cores from the North Adriatic Sea (Po River prodelta) and the South-Western Adriatic Margin (SWAM). Contaminant concentrations were higher in the Po River prodelta. ∑16PAHs ranged from 193 to 533 ng g-1, ∑5PCBs ranged from 0.9 to 5.2 ng g-1 and ∑DDTs (p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDE) ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 ng g-1. In the SWAM, ∑PAHs ranged from 11 to 74 ng g-1 while ∑PCB and ∑DDT concentrations were close to the MQL. Accordingly, contaminant fluxes were much higher in the northern (mean values of 152 ± 31 ng cm2 y-1 and 0.70 ± 0.35 ng cm2 y-1 for PAHs and OCs, respectively) than in the southern Adriatic (2.62 ± 0.9 ng cm2 y-1 and 0.03 ± 0.02 ng cm2 y-1 for PAHs and OCs, respectively). The historical deposition of PAHs seemed to be influenced by the historical socioeconomic development and by changes in the composition of fossil fuel consumption (from petroleum derivatives to natural gas) in Italy from the end of the 19th century to the present. Similarly, vertical variations in DDT concentrations matched its historical use and consumption in Italy, which started around in the mid-late 1940s to fight typhus during the II World War. Contaminant concentrations detected in sediments does not seem to pose ecotoxicological risk for marine organisms in the Adriatic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Combi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia. Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 40170-020, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 123, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marília Lopes-Rocha
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 123, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Miserocchi
- Istituto Scienze Polari (ISP), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Langone
- Istituto Scienze Polari (ISP), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Guerra
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 123, 48123, Ravenna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Araujo FM, Azevedo GC, Nogueira FDS, Matos RC, Matos MAC. Eco-friendly Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sutilli M, Ferreira PAL, Figueira RCL, Martins CC. Depositional input of hydrocarbons recorded in sedimentary cores from Deception and Penguin Islands (South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:981-991. [PMID: 31352190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), including petroleum biomarkers, were studied in four sediment cores collected around Deception and Penguin Islands, Antarctica. Total PAHs in Deception Island (DCP) samples ranged from 2.0 to 26.8 ng g-1, and in Penguin Island (PGI) varied between 13.2 and 60.3 ng g-1. Multiple sources of PAHs were verified in DCP, with petrogenic-derived compounds being predominant over the last 10 years. In PGI, PAHs related to natural contributions from the erosion of coal deposits were reported. Total AHs in DCP ranged from 4.5 to 19 μg g-1 and in PGI varied between 5.3 and 21.9 μg g-1. In DCP, the n-alkanes distribution pattern showed the presence of petroleum residues in the top sections and both terpanes and hopanes were detected, related to the use of fossil fuels for power generation and in different types of vessels. In PGI, the main source of n-alkanes was marine inputs and only terpanes were detected. The slight increase in hydrocarbon levels observed from 1980 onward in DCP was assumed to be due to the development of tourism in the region and to the scientific station activities. In PGI, anthropogenic-related hydrocarbons were detected in the recent sections and were linked to the development of tourism near the island, scientific activities and the increase in vessel traffic. In general, the concentrations of hydrocarbons found around both islands were comparable to those found in uncontaminated Antarctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sutilli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo A L Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508- 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens C L Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508- 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Dymerski T, Rosenberg E, Polkowska Ż. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic pollutants in freshwaters on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18143-18161. [PMID: 31037533 PMCID: PMC6570687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic contamination in freshwater samples has never been investigated at the western shore of Admiralty Bay. Therefore, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five different sites distributed along a shore running from the Arctowski Station to the Baranowski Glacier was studied. Moreover, organic compounds such as n-alkanes, toluene and ethylbenzene were also noted. Increased ΣPAHs in late Austral summer 2016 are the result of long-range atmospheric transport of air masses from South America, confirmed by 10-day backward air mass trajectories analysis. The presence of n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons, as well as the evaluation of PAH indices (e.g. ΣLMW/ΣHMW* > 1), shows the use of fuel and indicate local human activity. As a final conclusion, our analysis indicates a mixed origin of PAHs (global and local). The presence of PAHs and other hydrocarbons in the water environment may constitute a potentially negative effect on the Antarctic ecosystem and it should be investigated in detail during further research (//*ΣLMW-sum of low molecular weight PAHs (two- and three-ring PAHs); ΣHMW-sum of high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring PAHs)//). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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24
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Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Ahmed MK, Islam MS, Tokumura M, Masunaga S. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commonly consumed seafood from coastal areas of Bangladesh and associated human health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1105-1121. [PMID: 30288647 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Levels, distribution, possible sources and potential risks of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated comprehensively in frequently consumed seafood species collected from the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Samples were collected in winter and summer, 2015. The total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) in the examined seafood was 184.5-2806.6 ng/g wet weight (ww) in winter and 117.9-4216.8 ng/g ww in summer, respectively. The levels of ∑PAHs were comparable to or higher than those reported from other coastal areas. Seasonal variation was not significant for the majority of the monitored PAHs. Spatial distribution revealed that the seafood collected from areas with recent urbanization and industrialization (Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Sundarbans) was more contaminated with PAHs than those from the unindustrialized area (Meghna Estuary). Low-molecular-weight isomers dominated the PAH composition. Molecular ratios suggested the abundance of mixed sources of PAHs in the Bangladeshi coastal areas with a slight imposition toward the petrogenic origin. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk indicated that the dietary PAH exposure from consumption of Bangladeshi seafood would certainly induce adverse health effects. This finding suggests the need to enhance risk management regarding seafood consumption through public advisory in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Earth and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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25
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Wang X, Wang C, Zhu T, Gong P, Fu J, Cong Z. Persistent organic pollutants in the polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of current knowledge and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:191-208. [PMID: 30784838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low temperatures, the Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau are known as the three polar regions of the Earth. As the most remote regions of the globe, the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in these polar regions arouses global concern. In this paper, we review the literatures on POPs involving these three polar regions. Overall, concentrations of POPs in the environment (air, water, soil and biota) have been extensively reported, with higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) detected on the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of POPs in air, water and soil in the three polar regions broadly reflects their distances away from source regions. Based on long-term data, decreasing trends have been observed for most "legacy POPs". Observations of transport processes of POPs among multiple media have also been carried out, including air-water gas exchange, air-soil gas exchange, emissions from melting glaciers, bioaccumulations along food chains, and exposure risks. The impact of climate change on these processes possibly enhances the re-emission processes of POPs out of water, soil and glaciers, and reduces the bioaccumulation of POPs in food chains. Global POPs transport model have shown the Arctic receives a relatively small fraction of POPs, but that climate change will likely increase the total mass of all compounds in this polar region. Considering the impact of climate change on POPs is still unclear, long-term monitoring data and global/regional models are required, especially in the Antarctic and on the Tibetan Plateau, and the fate of POPs in all three polar regions needs to be comprehensively studied and compared to yield a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the global cycling of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Gorman D, Moreira FT, Turra A, Fontenelle FR, Combi T, Bícego MC, de Castro Martins C. Organic contamination of beached plastic pellets in the South Atlantic: Risk assessments can benefit by considering spatial gradients. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:608-615. [PMID: 30798056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are important vectors for the transport and accumulation of persistent organic contaminants in coastal and marine environments. We determined the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) associated with microplastic pellets collected along a 39-km stretch of Brazil's South Atlantic coastline to understand the spatial dynamics and potential risk posed by these contaminants. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1,454 to 6,002 ng g-1 and regularly exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL) for sediments defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sampling stations, spaced evenly along the coastline (i.e., 3-km intervals) exhibited a general north-to-south decline in the concentrations of some PAHs, but this spatial gradient was complicated by small-scale differences in the concentrations and composition of associated contaminants. Similarly, analysis of individual isomer ratios revealed further complexity driven by differences in the contribution of petrogenic versus pyrolytic inputs which pose different levels of risk to marine organisms. PCB concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 104.6 ng g-1 and were dominated by low chlorinated congeners likely to have originated from major industrial areas to the north. Overall, this study highlights the challenge of directly linking microplastic pollution with the potential toxicological effects of organic contaminants in coastal waters. We recommend that monitoring programs should explicitly consider both the origin (i.e., pellet sources and dispersal pathways) and nature of organic contamination (i.e., concentration and composition) when assessing the risks for biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gorman
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hypólito do Rego, Praia do Cabelo Gordo, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro Fontenelle
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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27
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Al-Mur BA. Assessing the ecological risks from hydrocarbons in the marine coastal sediments of Jeddah, Red Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:180. [PMID: 30796595 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Red Sea is a unique aquatic environment, and it is host to highly biodiverse marine organisms. This body of water occurs along the western side of Saudi Arabia, which is one of the largest producers of crude oil in the world. Thus, the sea's contamination by oil pollutants could pose a large problem and is a major concern in the region. The samples were analyzed to determine their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) speciation and assess the associated ecological risk to the coastal environment of the Red Sea. The geographical distribution of the 16 total PAHs by concentration (range and average values in ng g-1 dry wt.) occurred in the following order: the northern region (1169.8 to 2742.0; 2083) < the southern region (1971.4 to 3003.4; 2493) < the middle region (2222.0 to 2930.6; 2599). The PAHs with two, three, four, five, and six rings make up 7.0%, 13.0%, 70.0%, and 10.0% of the total PAHs, respectively. The diagnostic ratio results showed that the PAHs may be attributed to petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The PAH concentrations were considered toxic when their levels ranged from 119 to 491 ng toxic equivalent g-1 dry wt. According to the mean range of PAH effects (the mean effect range median quotient values), the ecological risk posted by the investigated sediments was lower than 0.1, denoting a toxicity effect with a probability of 11%. The analysis of PAHs highlighted that the sampling sites were low priority sites, and their PAHs may not cause acute biological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar A Al-Mur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Potapowicz J, Szumińska D, Szopińska M, Polkowska Ż. The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of anthropogenic pollution released from the permafrost: Part I. Case study of Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1534-1548. [PMID: 30360282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of information related to the influence of potential permafrost degradation on the environmental fate of chemical species which are released and stored, classified as potential influence in future Antarctic environment. Considering all data regarding climate change prediction, this topic may prove important issue for the future state of the Antarctic environment. A detailed survey on soil and permafrost data permitted the assumption that this medium may constitute a sink for organic and inorganic pollution (especially for persistent organic pollution, POPs, and heavy metals). The analysis of the environmental fate and potential consequences of the presence of pollutants for the existence of the Antarctic fauna leads to a conclusion that they may cause numerous negative effects (e.g. Endocrine disruptions, DNA damage, cancerogenicity). In the case of temperature increase and enhanced remobilisation processes, this effect may be even stronger, and may disturb natural balance in the environment. Therefore, regular research on the environmental fate of pollution is required, especially in terms of processes of remobilisation from the permafrost reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
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29
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Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Kawser Ahmed M, Hossain A, Masunaga S. Distribution, Source Apportionment, and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Surficial Sediments from the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:178-190. [PMID: 30259080 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The surficial sediments were collected in winter and summer (2015) from the coastal areas of Bangladesh and analyzed for 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) were 349.8-11,058.8 and 199.9-17,089.1 ng/g dry weight (dw) in winter and summer, respectively. Sediements from the areas with recent urbanization and industrialization (Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, and Sundarbans) were more contaminated with PAHs than the unindustrialized area (Meghna Estuary). The concentrations of ∑PAHs were slightly higher in summer than those in winter, but the seasonal variations were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Molecular ratios suggested mixed sources of PAHs in the Bangladeshi coastal areas with a slight imposition of pyrolytic inputs closely related to shipping and fishing activities as well as industrial and municipal sewage discharge. According to ecological risk assessment, the measured levels of sedimentary PAHs exceeded some of the existing national and international environmental quality guidelines/standards, and thus might cause acute biological damage in the studied areas of the Bay of Bengal coast of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Earth and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Hossain
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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30
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Yuan D, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu J. Characteristic contaminants in snowpack and snowmelt surface runoff from different functional areas in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36256-36266. [PMID: 30367426 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics of physicochemical parameters, dissolved-phase heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated for 68 urban snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack samples collected from five different functional areas in Beijing, including a business area (BA), a cultural and educational area (CEA), a garden area (GA), a residential area (RA), and a roadside area (RSA). Both snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack were significantly polluted by organic matter, as indicated by their high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Among the 11 heavy metals analyzed, Zn was the most enriched in all samples, followed by Mn, Fe, and Cu, whereas the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ni, Sb, and Co were comparatively low. The results suggested that typical traffic emissions, natural events, industrial practices, and human activities were mainly sources of heavy metals. Low molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs were the dominant sources in snowmelt and snowpack. Anthracene (Ant) and fluorene (Flo) were the most enriched PAHs in both snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack. Coal burning for heating and traffic activities were the most important contributors of PAH pollutants in snowmelt surface runoff and snowpack in Beijing in the winter. Ecological risk assessment demonstrated, however, that heavy metals in snowmelt surface runoff pose little risk to downstream aquatic environments. A middle potential ecological risk could be caused by Ant, Flo, benzo[g, h, i]perylene (BghiP), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xujing Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.
| | - Jianying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
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31
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Kirtsideli IY, Vlasov DY, Novozhilov YK, Abakumov EV, Barantsevich EP. Assessment of Anthropogenic Influence on Antarctic Mycobiota in Areas of Russian Polar Stations. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425518050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Ma X, Han X, Jiang Q, Huang C, Huang T, Yang H, Yao L. Historical Records and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Over the Past 100 Years in Dianchi Lake, a Plateau Lake in Southwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:187-198. [PMID: 29651502 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two sediment cores were collected from Dianchi Lake, a plateau lake in Southwest China, to study the temporal trends and to investigate the sources of sedimentary deposited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The ΣPAH16 concentration in the two sediment cores ranged from 172.5 to 2244.8 ng/g and from 211.4 to 1777.8 ng/g, with mean values of 1106.2 and 865.1 ng/g, respectively. Three temporal trends for the ΣPAH16 concentration and the composition of PAHs in Dianchi Lake all showed three typical changing stages: (1) slight changes in deeper segments before the 1950s; (2) a rapid increase in PAH concentrations between the 1960s and 1990s; and (3) a slight reduction from the 1990s onward. These trends differ from those observed in developed countries due to differences in the timing of industrialization and urbanization processes. According to the results of the molecular ratios and principal component analysis, the PAH deposition was dominated by coal combustion, wood combustion, and vehicle emissions before and after the 1960s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Han
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanliang Jiang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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33
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Cai M, Lin Y, Chen M, Yang W, Du H, Xu Y, Cheng S, Xu F, Hong J, Chen M, Ke H. Improved source apportionment of PAHs and Pb by integrating Pb stable isotopes and positive matrix factorization application (PAHs): A historical record case study from the northern South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:577-586. [PMID: 28763655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To obtain the historical changes of pyrogenic sources, integrated source apportionment methods, which include PAH compositions, diagnostic ratios (DRs), Pb isotopic ratios, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were developed and applied in sediments of the northern South China Sea. These methods provided a gradually clear picture of energy structural change. Spatially, Σ15PAH (11.3 to 95.5ng/g) and Pb (10.2 to 74.6μg/g) generally exhibited decreasing concentration gradient offshore; while the highest levels of PAHs and Pb were observed near the southern Taiwan Strait, which may be induced by accumulation of different fluvial input. Historical records of pollutants followed closely with the economic development of China, with fast growth of Σ15PAH and Pb occurring since the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The phasing-out of leaded gasoline in China was captured with a sharp decrease of Pb after the mid-1990s. PAHs and Pb correlated well with TOC and clay content for core sediments, which was not observed for surface sediments. There was an up-core increase of high molecular PAH proportions. Coal and biomass burning were then qualitatively identified as the major sources of PAHs with DRs. Furthermore, shift toward less radiogenic signatures of Pb isotopic ratios after 1900 revealed the start and growing importance of industrial sources. Finally, a greater separation and quantification of various input was achieved by a three-factor PMF model, which made it clear that biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions accounted for 40±20%, 41±13%, and 19±12% of PAHs through the core. Biomass and coal combustion acted as major sources before 2000, while contributions from vehicle emission soared thereafter. The integrated multi-methodologies here improved the source apportionment by reducing biases with a step-down and cross-validation perspective, which could be similarly applied to other aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huihong Du
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ye Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shayen Cheng
- College of Ocean Science and Resource, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Fangjian Xu
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jiajun Hong
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mian Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Barst BD, Ahad JME, Rose NL, Jautzy JJ, Drevnick PE, Gammon PR, Sanei H, Savard MM. Lake-sediment record of PAH, mercury, and fly-ash particle deposition near coal-fired power plants in Central Alberta, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:644-653. [PMID: 28846985 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a historical record of atmospheric deposition in dated sediment cores from Hasse Lake, ideally located near both currently and previously operational coal-fired power plants in Central Alberta, Canada. Accumulation rates of spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), an unambiguous marker of high-temperature fossil-fuel combustion, in the early part of the sediment record (pre-1955) compared well with historical emissions from one of North America's earliest coal-fired power plants (Rossdale) located ∼43 km to the east in the city of Edmonton. Accumulation rates in the latter part of the record (post-1955) suggested inputs from the Wabamun region's plants situated ∼17-25 km to the west. Increasing accumulation rates of SCPs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Hg coincided with the previously documented period of peak pollution in the Wabamun region during the late 1960s to early 1970s, although Hg deposition trends were also similar to those found in western North American lakes not directly affected by point sources. A noticeable reduction in contaminant inputs during the 1970s is attributed in part to technological improvements and stricter emission controls. The over one hundred-year historical record of coal-fired power plant emissions documented in Hasse Lake sediments has provided insight into the impact that both environmental regulations and changes in electricity output have had over time. This information is crucial to assessing the current and future role of coal in the world's energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Barst
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jason M E Ahad
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Josué J Jautzy
- University of Ottawa, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul E Drevnick
- Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Calgary AB T2E 7L7, Canada
| | - Paul R Gammon
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - Hamed Sanei
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 3303-33rd Street N.W., Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada
| | - Martine M Savard
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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Combi T, Martins CC, Taniguchi S, Leonel J, Lourenço RA, Montone RC. Depositional history and inventories of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment cores from an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (Admiralty Bay, King George Island). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:447-451. [PMID: 28325610 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal patterns, fluxes and inventories of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in nine sediment cores collected from selected areas of Admiralty Bay off the Antarctic Peninsula. Concentrations of total PCBs were low, but slightly higher in comparison to low-impacted, remote environments in the world, ranging from below the detection limit to 11.9ngg-1 in dry weight. PCB concentrations and inventories suggest a possible minor influence related to the nearby logistic activities, especially in the sediment core collected close to the Ferraz Station. Despite being the most remote and protected area on the planet, the Antarctic continent is no longer a pristine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Combi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 123, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Leonel
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Geociếncias, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Na G, Yao Y, Gao H, Li R, Ge L, Titaley IA, Santiago-Delgado L, Massey Simonich SL. Trophic magnification of Dechlorane Plus in the marine food webs of Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:456-461. [PMID: 28214009 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The food web composition, assimilation efficiency of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in food web components, and even extrinsic conditions can affect the trophic biomagnification potentials of DP isomers in food webs. Antarctica ecological system is characterized by the presence of few consumers and simple trophic levels (TLs), which are crucial in discussing the behavior of contaminants. To assess the biomagnification potential of DP in the Antarctic food web, nine representative species were sampled and analyzed from the Fildes Peninsula. Results showed the DP concentrations ranged from 0.25ngg-1 to 6.81ngg-1 lipid weight in Antarctic biota and the concentrations of anti-DP and syn-DP showed significantly positive correlations with TLs (p<0.05, ra=0.85; rs=0.81, respectively), suggesting that syn-DP and anti-DP underwent biomagnification and the biomagnification ability of anti-DP was higher than that of syn-DP. The anti-DP fraction (anti-DP/∑DP) (ƒanti=0.23-0.53) of the organisms was lower than that of commercial products (ƒanti=0.68), demonstrating ƒanti was changed during long-range atmospheric transport or stereoselection enrichment through the food web. Furthermore, based on food web magnification factors (FWMF) comparison between DP and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the biomagnification potential of DP was found to be similar to that of highly chlorinated PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshui Na
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Linke Ge
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Ivan A Titaley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | | | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Ke CL, Gu YG, Liu Q, Li LD, Huang HH, Cai N, Sun ZW. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wild marine organisms from South China Sea: Occurrence, sources, and human health implications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:507-511. [PMID: 28187971 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 15 marine wild organism species from South China Sea. The concentration (dry weight) of 16 PAHs ranged from 94.88 to 557.87ng/g, with a mean of 289.86ng/g. The concentrations of BaP in marine species were no detectable. The composition of PAHs was characterized by the 2- and 3-ring PAHs in marine species, and NA, PHE and FA were the dominant constituents. PAHs isomeric ratios indicated PAHs mainly originated from grass, wood and coal combustion, and petroleum. The human health risk assessment based on the excess cancer risk (ECR) suggested the probability of PAHs posing carcinogenic risk to human beings with consumption of marine organisms were negligible (probability<1×10-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang Ke
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Liu-Dong Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Hong-Hui Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Nan Cai
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Yuan H, Liu E, Zhang E, Luo W, Chen L, Wang C, Lin Q. Historical records and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment from a representative plateau lake, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:78-88. [PMID: 28110018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The PAH and OCP concentrations in sediment cores collected from a deep lake were measured and evaluated chronologically. The results indicated that the PAH and OCP concentrations significantly increased from the 1950s to the 1990s and subsequently decreased to recent years. Integrated molecular diagnostic ratios indicated that the predominant petrogenic sources occurred from the 1950s-1980s. Petroleum and fuel combustion dominated the source of contamination more recently as a result of energy structure changes in this region. Additionally, HCHs and DDTs were the dominant OCP compounds, making up a majority of the total OCPs present (>85%). HCHs accounted for a larger ratio of the OCPs between the 1950s and 1980s, suggesting that HCHs were the dominant POPs in this period. DDTs then became dominant in the 1980s and later. High α/γ-HCH ratios suggested that the emission and conversion of local technical HCHs were the predominant HCHs source. The ratios of (DDE + p,p'-DDD)/DDTs and p,p'-DDT/DDTs indicated that the DDTs mainly originated from historical input. In addition, the dramatic decrease since the 1980s may be the result of China's banning of DDTs. However, DDTs were still present in the 1990s, suggesting DDTs were still used in this region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Wenlei Luo
- College of Geographical Surveying and Rural-Urban Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, PR China
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Szopińska M, Namieśnik J, Polkowska Ż. How Important Is Research on Pollution Levels in Antarctica? Historical Approach, Difficulties and Current Trends. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 239:79-156. [PMID: 26857123 DOI: 10.1007/398_2015_5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that Antarctica is a continent notably free from large negative impact of human activities, literature data can be the basis for concluding that this is not an area free from anthropogenic pollutants. Pollutants, which are identified in various elements of the environment of Antarctica, are mostly connected with long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) and deposition in this area. The study presents: a historical overview of research pertaining to the presence of pollutants in entire Antarctica; a description of the development of research on pollutants in various environmental samples conducted in this area since 1960; a detailed description of contemporary analytical research (2000-2014); information on concentration levels of a broad range of pollutants present in various elements of the environment. The data collected can provide grounds for concluding that pollutants present in this area can contribute to gradual degradation of Antarctic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
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Xue R, Chen L, Lu Z, Wang J, Yang H, Zhang J, Cai M. Spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in marine surface sediments of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:528-536. [PMID: 27318541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments sampled from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 12.95 to 30.93 ng/g, with a mean of 17.99 ± 5.57 ng/g. Two- and three-ring PAHs were the most abundant compounds found at the majority of the sampling stations of Prydz Bay. Long-range atmospheric transportation was found to play an important role in determining the spatial distribution of PAHs in the sediments sampled here. However, transport by ocean currents and release from melting glaciers were also found to influence PAH distributions in the sediments of East Antarctica. The vertical migration of PAHs in sediments showed a decreasing trend with depth, with higher concentrations in the relatively shallow-water regions (<500 m) found on the Fram and Four Ladies banks compared with those of the intermediate-depth (500-1000 m) and deep-water regions (>1000 m) of the Amery Basin and associated Canyons, respectively. A Pearson correlation analysis between PAH concentrations and sediment parameters demonstrated that PAHs has poor correlations with grain size, but has positive correlation with total organic carbon, indicated complex processing during transfer to remote environments. The results of qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the PAHs sampled here were derived mainly from a mixture of biomass combustion, traffic emissions, and petrogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory on Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory on Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory on Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory on Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haizhen Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory on Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China.
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Gu YG, Ke CL, Liu Q, Lin Q. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Zhelin Bay, the largest mariculture base on the eastern Guangdong coast, South China: Characterization and risk implications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:603-608. [PMID: 27287864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated distribution, sources, and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments from the largest mariculture base in the eastern part of the province of Guangdong in southern China. Total concentrations of ∑PAHs were 29.38-815.46ng/g (dry weight), with a mean of 421.48ng/g. The composition of PAHs was characterized by an abundance of low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 benzenoid ring), and Phenanthrene (PHE), Anthracene (AN) and Fluoranthene (FA) were the predominant constituents. PAHs in this area appear to have mainly originated from petroleum sources and the combustion of grass, wood, and coal. PAHs in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay had a 9% incidence of causing adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms, according to the mean effects range-median quotient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Chang-Liang Ke
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Qi Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Qin Lin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Ge L, Li J, Na G, Chen CE, Huo C, Zhang P, Yao Z. Photochemical degradation of hydroxy PAHs in ice: Implications for the polar areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:375-379. [PMID: 27135699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are derived from hydroxylated PAHs as contaminants of emerging concern. They are ubiquitous in the aqueous and atmospheric environments and may exist in the polar snow and ice, which urges new insights into their environmental transformation, especially in ice. In present study the simulated-solar (λ > 290 nm) photodegradation kinetics, products and pathways of four OH-PAHs (9-Hydroxyfluorene, 2-Hydroxyfluorene, 1-Hydroxypyrene and 9-Hydroxyphenanthrene) in ice were investigated, and the corresponding implications for the polar areas were explored. It was found that the kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with the photolysis quantum yields (Φs) ranging from 7.48 × 10(-3) (1-Hydroxypyrene) to 4.16 × 10(-2) (2-Hydroxyfluorene). These 4 OH-PAHs were proposed to undergo photoinduced hydroxylation, resulting in multiple hydroxylated intermediates, particularly for 9-Hydroxyfluorene. Extrapolation of the lab data to the real environment is expected to provide a reasonable estimate of OH-PAH photolytic half-lives (t1/2,E) in mid-summer of the polar areas. The estimated t1/2,E values ranged from 0.08 h for 1-OHPyr in the Arctic to 54.27 h for 9-OHFl in the Antarctic. In consideration of the lower temperature and less microorganisms in polar areas, the photodegradation can be a key factor in determining the fate of OH-PAHs in sunlit surface snow/ice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the photodegradation of OH-PAHs in polar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Ge
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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Yao Y, Meng XZ, Wu CC, Bao LJ, Wang F, Wu FC, Zeng EY. Tracking human footprints in Antarctica through passive sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in inland lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:412-419. [PMID: 26946176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored in seven inland lakes of Antarctica by a polyethylene (PE)-based passive sampling technique, with the objective of tracking human footprints. The measured concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 14-360 ng L(-1) with the highest values concentrated around the Russian Progress II Station, indicating the significance of human activities to the loading of PAHs in Antarctica. The concentrations of PAHs in the inland lakes were in the upper part of the PAHs levels in aquatic environments from remote and background regions across the globe. The composition profiles of PAHs indicated that PAHs in the inland lakes were derived mainly from local oil spills, which was corroborated by a large number of fuel spillage reports from ship and plane crash incidents in Antarctica during recent years. Clearly, local human activities, rather than long-range transport, are the dominant sources of PAH contamination to the inland lakes. Finally, the present study demonstrates the efficacy of PE-based passive samplers for investigating PAHs in the aquatic environment of Antarctica under complex field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Hezhong Y, Enlou Z, Qi L, Rong W, Enfeng L. Sources appointment and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Erhai Lake, a low-latitude and high-altitude lake in southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4430-4441. [PMID: 26507728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed from the surficial sediments in Erhai Lake, a plateau lake in China. The results showed that except for acenaphthylene (Ace) Ace and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DBA), the central region contained individual PAHs at concentrations lower than those in other lake regions. Total concentration of the PAHs (ΣPAHs) in the sediments from Erhai Lake ranged from 32.42 to 558.53 mg/kg with a mean value of 256.70 mg/kg. The maximum value of ΣPAHs was observed in the north region of the lake and more than 10-fold higher than the minimum values. Moreover, high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs, especially 5-ring PAHs, accounted for higher ratios up to 76 % relative to other PAHs compound in almost all sampling sites. Molecular diagnostic ratios including anthtacene (Ant)/(Ant + phenanthrene (Phe)), fluoranthene (Flt)/(Flt + pyrene (Pyr)), benz(a)anthracene (BaA)/(BaA + chrysene (Chr)), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY)/(IPY + benz(g,h,i)perylene (BPE)) were recorded at all sampling sites and indicated that the origin of PAHs in Erhai Lake was predominately pyrolytic. Furthermore, principal component analysis with component dominating by HMW PAHs showed that combustion origins were the primary contamination sources of PAHs in the sediments of Erhai Lake. Finally, ecological risk assessment indicated that the sediments from Erhai Lake are exposed to potential low risk for ΣPAHs, and the ecological risk decreases in the order of northern region > southern region > central region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hezhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhang Enlou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wang Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liu Enfeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Cong J, Gao C, Zhang Y, Zhang S, He J, Wang G. Dating the period when intensive anthropogenic activity began to influence the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22153. [PMID: 26907560 PMCID: PMC4764887 DOI: 10.1038/srep22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dating the start of intensive anthropogenic influence on ecosystems is important for identifying the conditions necessary for ecosystem recovery. However, few studies have focused on determining when anthropogenic influences on wetland began through sedimentary archives. To fill this critical gap in our knowledge, combustion sources and emission intensities, reconstructed via black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in two wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China. 14C provided age control for the sedimentary records. By combining previous sedimentary and archaeological studies, we attempt to date the beginning of intensive anthropogenic influences on the Sanjiang Plain. Our results showed that BC deposition fluxes increased from 0.02 to 0.7 g C/m2.yr during the last 10,000 years. An upward trend was apparent during the last 500 years. Before 1200 cal yr BP, human activities were minor, such that the wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain before this period may represent the reference conditions that for the recovery of these wetlands. As the human population increased after 1200 cal yr BP, combustion sources changed and residential areas became a major source of BC and PAHs. In this way, the wetland ecosystem gradually became more heavily influenced by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China.,ILÖK, Hydrology Group, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao He
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
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Bet R, Bícego MC, Martins CC. Sedimentary hydrocarbons and sterols in a South Atlantic estuarine/shallow continental shelf transitional environment under oil terminal and grain port influences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:183-194. [PMID: 25935801 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sterols and hydrocarbons were determined in the surface sediments from the transitional environment between Paranaguá Bay and the shallow continental shelf in the South Atlantic to assess the sources of organic matter (OM) and the contamination status of an area exposed to multiple anthropogenic inputs. Total aliphatic hydrocarbon concentrations were less than 10μgg(-1), which is typical of unpolluted sediments, and related to recent inputs from higher terrestrial plants. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ranged from<DL to 14.41ngg(-1) (dry weight), which was predominantly derived from combustion with non-detectable levels occurring in 65% of the samples. Sterols typically related to marine sources predominated in the analysed sediments. Hence, the study area was protected from human activity. The relative absence of anthropogenic input and OM preservation clearly indicate that the organic markers analysed can be used to investigate the biogenic input of sedimentary OM in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bet
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Liu Z, He L, Lu Y, Su J, Song H, Zeng X, Yu Z. Distribution, source, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Hun River, northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:290. [PMID: 25906922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), were investigated in surface sediment samples from the Hun River, northeast China. The data was then used to assess the potential ecological risk. The results indicated 15 PAHs were detected in these sediments, and the total concentrations of the 15 PAHs (not including naphthalene) ranged from 82.96 to 39,292.95 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw), with an average value of 3705.54 ng g(-1) dw, and 4-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds at most sites. The diagnostic parameters such as anthracene/(anthracene + phenanthrene), fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene) showed that they had been emitted from a number of different sources, especially the pyrolytic emissions. The results of the ecological risk assessment, which compared the PAH concentrations with the effect range low (ERL) and the effect range median (ERM) values, indicated that several individual PAH concentrations at four sites in the downstream section of the Hun River were higher than the ERM, suggesting that there was a potential ecological risk in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Rose NL. Spheroidal carbonaceous fly ash particles provide a globally synchronous stratigraphic marker for the Anthropocene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4155-62. [PMID: 25790111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Human impacts on Earth are now so great that they have led to the concept of a new geological epoch defined by this global human influence: the Anthropocene. While not universally accepted, the term is increasingly popular and widely used. However, even among proponents, there is considerable debate regarding when the epoch may have started, from coeval with the Holocene, through the Industrial Revolution, to the mid-20th century when unprecedented human activities resulted in exponential increases in population, resource consumption, and pollutant emission. Recently, this latter period, known as the Great Acceleration, appears to be becoming the more widely accepted start date. To define any start point, a global stratigraphic marker or Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is typically required. Here, spheroidal carbonaceous fly ash particles (SCPs), byproducts of industrial fossil-fuel combustion, are proposed as a primary marker for a GSSP at the time of the Great Acceleration. Data from over 75 lake sediment records show a global, synchronous, and dramatic increase in particle accumulation starting in c. 1950 driven by the increased demand for electricity and the introduction of fuel-oil combustion, in addition to coal, as a means to produce it. SCPs are morphologically distinct and solely anthropogenic in origin, providing an unambiguous marker. This is a clear signal of great stratigraphic utility representing a primary driving force for global anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Dauner ALL, Hernández EA, MacCormack WP, Martins CC. Molecular characterisation of anthropogenic sources of sedimentary organic matter from Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 502:408-16. [PMID: 25268570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although relatively recent, human activities in Antarctica, such as growing tourism, fishery activities, and scientific operations, have affected some areas of this continent. These activities eventually release pollutants, such as petroleum and its derivatives and sewage, into this environment. Located on King George Island (25 de Mayo Island), Potter Cove (62°14'S, 58°39'W) is home to the Argentine Carlini research station. To evaluate the anthropogenic impacts surrounding Potter Cove, sediment samples were collected and analysed for sewage and fuel introduction via the determination of organic markers. The highest concentrations were found in the central portion of the fjords, where fine sediments are deposited and the accumulation of organic molecules is favoured. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were mainly derived from biogenic sources, evidenced by the predominance of odd short-chain n-alkanes. Anthropogenic impacts were evidenced primarily by the presence of PAHs, which were predominantly related to petrogenic sources, such as vessel and boat traffic. Sewage marker concentrations were much lower than those found in other Antarctic regions. These results indicate that oil hydrocarbons and sewage inputs to Potter Cove may be considered low or only slightly influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia L Dauner
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO) da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Edgardo A Hernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Balcarce 290, C1064AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter P MacCormack
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico, Balcarce 290, C1064AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Yuan Z, Liu G, Wang R, Da C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Old Yellow River Estuary, China: occurrence, sources, characterization and correlation with the relocation history of the Yellow River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 109:169-176. [PMID: 25203973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were determined in surface sediments and one dated sediment core from the abandoned Old Yellow River Estuary, China. Total PAH concentrations in the surface sediments ranged from 100.4 to 197.3 ng g(-1) dry weight and the total toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ(carc)) values of the carcinogenic PAHs were very low. An evaluation of PAH sources based on diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that PAHs in the surface sediments mainly derived from combustion sources. The total PAH concentrations altered significantly with year of deposition and showed quite different patterns of change compared with other studies: it is hypothesized that the principal cause of these changes is the relocation of the course of the Yellow River to the sea in 1976 and 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunnian Da
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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