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Sánchez LF, Villacura L, Catalán F, Araya RT, Guzman MAL. The Oxidative Potential of Airborne Particulate Matter Research Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives-Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 38929079 PMCID: PMC11200927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is a comprehensive analysis of the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) and its environmental and health impacts. The researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis and scoping review, screening 569 articles and selecting 368 for further analysis. The study found that OP is an emerging field of study, with a notable increase in the number of publications in the 2010s compared to the early 2000s. The research is primarily published in eight journals and is concentrated in a few academic and university-based institutions. The study identified key research hotspots for OP-PM, emphasizing the importance of capacity building, interdisciplinary collaboration, understanding emission sources and atmospheric processes, and the impacts of PM and its OP. The study highlighted the need to consider the effects of climate change on OP-PM and the regulatory framework for PM research. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of PM and its consequences, including human exposure and its effects. It will also inform strategies for managing air quality and protecting public health. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the field of OP-PM research and highlights the need for continued research and collaboration to address the environmental and health impacts of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel A. Leiva Guzman
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (L.F.S.); (L.V.); (F.C.); (R.T.A.)
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2
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Shen J, Shen D, Tang Q, Li Z, Jin X, Li C. Mogroside V exerts anti-inflammatory effects on fine particulate matter-induced inflammation in porcine alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Pintha K, Chaiwangyen W, Yodkeeree S, Suttajit M, Tantipaiboonwong P. Suppressive Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Rich Fraction from Perilla on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Metastasis Ability in A549 Cells Exposed to PM via C-Jun, P-65-Nf-Κb and Akt Signaling Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1090. [PMID: 34439757 PMCID: PMC8392772 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter from forest fires (PMFF) is an environmental pollutant causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer cell metastasis due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Perilla seed meal contains high levels of polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid (RA). The aim of this study is to determine the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-metastasis actions of rosmarinic acid rich fraction (RA-RF) from perilla seed meal and its underlying molecular mechanisms in A549 cells exposed to PMFF. PMFF samples were collected via the air sampler at the University of Phayao, Thailand, and their PAH content were analyzed using GC-MS. Fifteen PAH compounds were detected in PMFF. The PMFF significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9 activity, invasion, migration, the overexpression of c-Jun and p-65-NF-κB, and Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, the RA-RF significantly reduced ROS production, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and COX-2. RA-RF could also suppress MMP-9 activity, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation activity of c-Jun, p-65-NF-κB, and Akt. Our findings revealed that RA-RF has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastasis properties via c-Jun, p-65-NF-κB, and Akt signaling pathways. RA-RF may be further developed as an inhalation agent for the prevention of lung inflammation and cancer metastasis induced by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Wittaya Chaiwangyen
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
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Zhao Z, Luo XS, Jing Y, Li H, Pang Y, Wu L, Chen Q, Jin L. In vitro assessments of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PM 2.5 trace metals in respiratory and digestive systems and their oxidative potential. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124638. [PMID: 33308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental issue. As a key aerosol component, PM2.5 associated toxic trace metals pose significant health risks by inhalation and ingestion, but the evidences and mechanisms were insufficient and not well understood just by their total environmental concentrations. To accurately assess the potential risks of airborne metals, a series of in vitro physiologically based tests with synthetic human lung and gastrointestinal fluids were conducted to assess both the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of various PM2.5 bound metals in the respiratory and digestive systems from both urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city. Moreover, the chemical acellular toxicity test [dithiothreitol (DTT) assay] and source analysis were performed. Generally, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of investigated metals were element and body fluid dependent. Source oriented metals in PM2.5 showed diverse bioaccessibility in different human organs. The PM2.5 induced oxidative potential was mainly contributed by the bioaccessible/bioavailable transition metals such as Fe, Ni and Co from metallurgic dust and traffic emission. Future researches on the toxicological mechanisms of airborne metals incorporating the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and toxicity tests are directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yuanshu Jing
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lichun Wu
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qi Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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5
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Mazuryk O, Stochel G, Brindell M. Variations in Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Urban Airborne Particulate Matter in Lung Epithelial Cells-Impact of Inorganic Fraction. Front Chem 2021; 8:581752. [PMID: 33392147 PMCID: PMC7773840 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.581752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with numerous negative effects on human health. The toxicity of organic components of air pollution is well-recognized, while the impact of their inorganic counterparts in the overall toxicity is still a matter of various discussions. The influence of airborne particulate matter (PM) and their inorganic components on biological function of human alveolar-like epithelial cells (A549) was investigated in vitro. A novel treatment protocol based on covering culture plates with PM allowed increasing the studied pollutant concentrations and prolonging their incubation time without cell exposure on physical suffocation and mechanical disturbance. PM decreased the viability of A549 cells and disrupted their mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium homeostasis. For the first time, the difference in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) profiles generated by organic and inorganic counterparts of PM was shown. Singlet oxygen generation was observed only after treatment of cells with inorganic fraction of PM, while hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical were induced after exposure of A549 cells to both PM and their inorganic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mazuryk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grazyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Das A, Kumar A, Habib G, Vivekanandan P. Insights on the biological role of ultrafine particles of size PM <0.25: A prospective study from New Delhi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115638. [PMID: 33039676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When the total ambient PM2.5 levels are several-fold higher than the recommended limit, it may be important to study the distributions of different sizes of particulate matter (PM). Here, we assess the distributions of various sizes of total PM2.5 for 12 months (on a monthly basis) in New Delhi, India. Importantly, we found that ultrafine particles (i.e., particles <0.5 μm) contribute significantly to total PM2.5. PM<0.25 were the most cytotoxic particles to human lung epithelial cells in all the 12 months. In addition, PM<0.25 were associated with significantly higher cytotoxicity per unit mass compared to other size fractions constituting PM2.5. For any given size of PM, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated per unit mass is higher for the month of March as compared to that for the rest of the months in the year. The higher ROS generations for all sizes of PM collected in the month of March was not explained by differences in their metal content values. Our data suggests the lack of correlation between total PM2.5 levels and the highly cytotoxic PM<0.25. In summary, this work establishes the need for policy changes to routinely monitor PM<0.25 and the necessity to establish exposure limits for PM<0.25, especially when the total PM2.5 levels are breached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Gazala Habib
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Perumal Vivekanandan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
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Comparative Toxic Effects of Manufactured Nanoparticles and Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010022. [PMID: 33375152 PMCID: PMC7792937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as simplified atmospheric particulate matter (PM) models, little experimental evidence is available to support such simulations. In this study, we comparatively assessed the toxic effects of PM and typical NPs (four carbonaceous NPs with different morphologies, metal NPs of Fe, Al, and Ti, as well as SiO2 NPs) on human lung epithelial A549 cells. The EC50 value of PM evaluated by cell viability assay was 148.7 μg/mL, closest to that of SiO2 NPs, between the values of carbonaceous NPs and metal NPs. All particles caused varying degrees of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) suppression. TiO2 NPs showed similar performance with PM in inducing ROS production (p < 0.05). Small variations between two carbonaceous NPs (graphene oxides and graphenes) and PM were also observed at 50 μg/mL. Similarly, there was no significant difference in ATP inhibition between carbonaceous NPs and PM, while markedly different effects were caused by SiO2 NP and TiO2 NP exposure. Our results indicated that carbonaceous NPs could be served as potential surrogates for urban PM. The identification of PM model may help us further explore the specific roles and mechanisms of various components in PM.
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8
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Ficociello G, Inverni A, Massimi L, Buccini G, Canepari S, Uccelletti D. Assessment of the effects of atmospheric pollutants using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110209. [PMID: 32937173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is recognized as the world's largest environmental health risk. In this work we evaluated in vivo the effects of three relevant components of atmospheric dusts (brake dust, wood pellet ash and Saharan dust) employing the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Main endpoints of C. elegans such as life span, brood size and oxidative stress were addressed by exposing the nematodes to different dust concentrations. Brake dust and pellet ash affected the life span and increased significantly the oxidative stress of exposed nematodes, while Saharan dust showed no effects. Water soluble and insoluble fractions of these dusts were used to investigate the impact of the single fraction on C. elegans. The two fractions of brake dust and pellet ash exerted different effects on C. elegans endpoints in terms of life span and oxidative stress response. These fractions acted in different ways on the worm susceptibility to infection of two human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) affecting the sek-1 gene expression. In conclusion, our study showed that C. elegans is a valuable tool to investigate in vivo possible effects of atmospheric dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Ficociello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Inverni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Buccini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Roy R, Jan R, Joshi U, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Characterization, pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxic profile of bioaerosols from urban and rural residential settings in Pune, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114698. [PMID: 32387676 PMCID: PMC7190302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota associated with airborne particulate matter (PM) is an important indicator of indoor pollution as they can be pathogenic and cause serious health threats to the exposed occupants. Present study aimed to investigate the level of culturable microbes associated with PM and their toxicological characterization in urban and rural houses of Pune city. Highest concentration of bacterial aerosols observed to be associated with PM10 size fraction in urban site (2136 ± 285 CFU/m3) whereas maximum fungal concentration has been measured in rural houses (1521 ± 302 CFU/m3). Predominantly found bacterial species were Bacillus sp., S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species were Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. in both urban and rural residential premises. Concentration of endotoxin measured using the kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay exhibited that the level of endotoxin in both urban and rural sites are associated with household characteristics and the activities performed in indoor as well as outdoor. Cell free DTT assay confirmed the ability of these airborne microbes to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) varying along with the types of microorganisms. On exposure of A549 cells to airborne microbes, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in terms of both necrosis and apoptosis pathway. Elevated production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells and macrophages clearly suggest the inflammatory nature of these airborne microbes. Results derived from the present study demonstrated that the indoor air of urban and rural houses of Pune is contaminated in terms of microbial load. Therefore, attention should be paid to control the factors favoring the microbial growth in order to safeguard the health of exposed inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Uttara Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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10
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Jan R, Roy R, Bhor R, Pai K, Satsangi PG. Toxicological screening of airborne particulate matter in atmosphere of Pune: Reactive oxygen species and cellular toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:113724. [PMID: 32078875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Present study screened the toxicological assessment of airborne particulate matter (PM), mechanistic investigation, relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and its associated toxic response. The average concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In present study, PM bound metals; Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Sr and Co have been taken into account with total metal concentration of 0.83 and 0.44 μg m-3 of PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations, respectively. The contribution of redox active metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn) in PM was more as compared to non-redox metals (Pb, Cd and Co) indicating significant risk to the exposed population as these metals possess the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for various diseases. The cytotoxicity profiles of PM samples determined by MTT assay on two different cell lines (A549 and PBMC) exhibited dose-dependent effects after 24 h exposure, but the consequences differ with respect to particle size and sampling periods. A significant decrease in cell viability with varying PM concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml-1) with respect to control was found in both cell lines. Incubation of RBC suspension with PM samples caused pronounced disruption of RBC and thus exhibited substantial hemolytic behavior. PM samples showed a range of potency to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Almost all PM samples increased the level of pro-inflammatory mediator (Nitric oxide) when compared to corresponding unexposed controls suggesting the important role of reactive nitrogen species in induction of cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Renuka Bhor
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kalpana Pai
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, 411007, India.
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Colaço M, Duarte A, Zuzarte M, Costa BFO, Borges O. Airborne environmental fine particles induce intense inflammatory response regardless of the absence of heavy metal elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110500. [PMID: 32222596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne environmental particles (EP) more commonly referred as particulate matter (PM) are an illustrative marker of air pollution that is associated with adverse effects on human health. Considering, PM is a complex mixture, not only in terms of its chemical composition, but also in the range of particle size, it is difficult to identify which attribute contributes more for the toxicity. Currently, there is no report about the immunotoxicological effects caused by PM with reduced content of heavy metals. This study intends to address this gap and provides a detailed characterization and immunotoxicity evaluation of PM collected in an urban area with heavy traffic congestion. Environmental particles were separated by different sizes though a sucrose gradient. This method allowed to achieve 4 sized fractions: EP f 15 % with a mean diameter of 284 nm ± 1.86 nm, EP f 25 % with a mean diameter of 461 nm ± 1.72 nm, EP f 35 % with a mean diameter of 1845 nm ± 251 nm and EP f 45 % with a mean diameter of 2204 nm ± 310 nm. Only the fractions with the smallest sizes (EP f 15 % and EP f 25 %) were subsequently studied. The chemical composition of both fractions was not substantially different, and the dominant elements were C, O, Ca and K. Only EP f 25 % showed to have a small amount of Fe. Therefore, the heavy metal elements were eliminated through centrifugation. Essentially, we found that the EP f 15 % was more cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 cells than EP f 25 %, which indicates the smaller size as the motive for the higher toxicity. In addition, both fractions of EP presented a good internalization in macrophages after 2 h exposure and induced the production of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP f 15 % and EP f 25 % led to a strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the 3 concentrations tested. The inflammatory response observed was independent of the presence of heavy metals and endotoxins, since these last were suppressed by using polymyxin B sulfate. This report emphasizes the importance of an adequate physicochemical characterization and adequate controls in the experiments to achieve a right interpretation of the biological effects caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Chen W, Chung CKA, Cai Z. The cellular effects of PM 2.5 collected in Chinese Taiyuan and Guangzhou and their associations with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and hydroxy-PAHs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110225. [PMID: 32001423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated adverse effects on human health after exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, it is still not clear how the toxicological effects and the health risks vary among PM samples of different compositions and concentrations. In this study, we examined effects of region- and season-dependent differences of PM2.5 on cytotoxicity, and the contributions of PAHs, nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs) and hydroxy-PAHs (OH-PAHs) to PM2.5 toxicity by determining different toxicological indicators in three lung cell lines. The results illustrated significant differences in components concentrations and biological responses elicited by PM2.5 collected in different cities and seasons. The concentrations of most PAHs, N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were much higher in Taiyuan than in Guangzhou. PM2.5 from Taiyuan exhibited lower cell viability and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release on lung cells than those from Guangzhou. Specifically, PM2.5 collected in summer from Taiyuan caused higher levels of pro-inflammatory responses and oxidative potential than those collected in winter. The correlation analysis between 19 PAHs, 17 N-PAHs and 12 OH-PAHs and the measured indicators demonstrated that PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and IL-6 release in Taiyuan while N-PAHs and OH-PAHs were more related to PM2.5-induced CCK-8 cytotoxicity and dithiothreitol (DTT)-based redox activity in Guangzhou, suggesting that the toxicity of PM2.5 from Taiyuan was mostly correlated with PAHs while the toxicity of PM2.5 from Guangzhou was closely associated with N-PAHs and OH-PAHs. These results revealed that composition differences in PM2.5 from different regions and seasons significantly accounted for the differences of their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kong Arthur Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Jovanovic MV, Savic JZ, Salimi F, Stevanovic S, Brown RA, Jovasevic-Stojanovic M, Manojlovic D, Bartonova A, Bottle S, Ristovski ZD. Measurements of Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter at Belgrade Tunnel; Comparison of BPEAnit, DTT and DCFH Assays. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4906. [PMID: 31817307 PMCID: PMC6950172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM), two commonly used cell-free, molecular probes were applied: dithiothreitol (DTT) and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and their performance was compared with 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene-nitroxide (BPEAnit). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the performance of the DTT and DCFH has been compared with the BPEAnit probe. The average concentrations of PM, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) for fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particles were determined. The results were 44.8 ± 13.7, 9.8 ± 5.1 and 9.3 ± 4.8 µg·m-3 for PM2.5 and 75.5 ± 25.1, 16.3 ± 8.7 and 11.8 ± 5.3 µg·m-3 for PM10, respectively, for PM, OC and EC. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction accounted for 42 ± 14% and 28 ± 9% of organic carbon in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The average volume normalized OP values for the three assays depended on both the sampling periods and the PM fractions. The OPBPEAnit had its peak at 2 p.m.; in the afternoon, it was three times higher compared to the morning and late afternoon values. The DCFH and BPEAnit results were correlated (r = 0.64), while there was no good agreement between the BPEAnit and the DTT (r = 0.14). The total organic content of PM does not necessarily represent oxidative capacity and it shows varying correlation with the OP. With respect to the two PM fractions studied, the OP was mostly associated with smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja V. Jovanovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.J.); (J.Z.S.); (M.J.-S.)
| | - Jasmina Z. Savic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.J.); (J.Z.S.); (M.J.-S.)
| | - Farhad Salimi
- University Centre for Rural Health–North Coast, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Centre for Air Quality & Health Research and Evaluation (CAR), An NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | - Reece A. Brown
- ILAQH (International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.A.B.); (Z.D.R.)
| | - Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.J.); (J.Z.S.); (M.J.-S.)
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- South Ural State University, Lenin prospect 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Alena Bartonova
- NILU–Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Steven Bottle
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Zoran D. Ristovski
- ILAQH (International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (R.A.B.); (Z.D.R.)
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
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Oxidative Potential Versus Biological Effects: A Review on the Relevance of Cell-Free/Abiotic Assays as Predictors of Toxicity from Airborne Particulate Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194772. [PMID: 31561428 PMCID: PMC6801578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) in cell-free/abiotic systems have been suggested as a possible measure of their biological reactivity and a relevant exposure metric for ambient air PM in epidemiological studies. The present review examined whether the OP of particles correlate with their biological effects, to determine the relevance of these cell-free assays as predictors of particle toxicity. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to May 2019. The main inclusion criteria used for the selection of studies were that they should contain (1) multiple PM types or samples, (2) assessment of oxidative potential in cell-free systems and (3) assessment of biological effects in cells, animals or humans. Results: In total, 50 independent studies were identified assessing both OP and biological effects of ambient air PM or combustion particles such as diesel exhaust and wood smoke particles: 32 in vitro or in vivo studies exploring effects in cells or animals, and 18 clinical or epidemiological studies exploring effects in humans. Of these, 29 studies assessed the association between OP and biological effects by statistical analysis: 10 studies reported that at least one OP measure was statistically significantly associated with all endpoints examined, 12 studies reported that at least one OP measure was significantly associated with at least one effect outcome, while seven studies reported no significant correlation/association between any OP measures and any biological effects. The overall assessment revealed considerable variability in reported association between individual OP assays and specific outcomes, but evidence of positive association between intracellular ROS, oxidative damage and antioxidant response in vitro, and between OP assessed by the dithiothreitol (DDT) assay and asthma/wheeze in humans. There was little support for consistent association between OP and any other outcome assessed, either due to repeated lack of statistical association, variability in reported findings or limited numbers of available studies. Conclusions: Current assays for OP in cell-free/abiotic systems appear to have limited value in predicting PM toxicity. Clarifying the underlying causes may be important for further advancement in the field.
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Li R, Han Y, Wang L, Shang Y, Chen Y. Differences in oxidative potential of black carbon from three combustion emission sources in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:57-65. [PMID: 30928795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and poses a serious threat to human health. Actual BC from extensive emission sources presents a variety of characteristics that are likely associated with different oxidative potentials (OP) and health endpoints. In the present study, BC derived from three main emission sources (residential coal combustion, biomass burning, and diesel engine exhaust) in China was subjected to physiochemical characterization and its OP was tested using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. In order to obtain actual BC, the water-soluble part (WS) and organic extract (OE) were eluted successively from PM and the residue particle (RP) were reserved. PM from diesel vehicles had the most effective DTT consumption capacity, followed by PM from biomass and coal burning. And the OP of PM was mostly attributed to its RP part which mainly consisted of metals and BC. SEM/TEM, OC/EC, IC, and ICP-MS measurements confirmed that soluble ions and organic compounds were washed off effectively, while some metals were still retained in the RP part. Thus, the OP of BC was evaluated after adding DTPA to inhibit DTT activity caused by metals in the RP. Significant differences in OP and physiochemical characteristics of BC from the three emission sources were observed. BC from diesel exhaust exhibited the highest DTT activity (15.5 ± 12.6 pmol min-1 μg-1) compared to that of BC from biomass (2.5 ± 1.0 pmol min-1 μg-1) and coal (1.3 ± 0.5 pmol min-1 μg-1) burning. Diesel exhaust BC, which was emitted under the highest combustion temperature, had the smallest size. Coal consumption in China contributes to the highest amount of BC mass emission, but our result indicates that diesel exhaust BC has the greatest OP. An emission inventory based on health impacts is urgently needed to control air pollution sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yong Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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16
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Lyu Y, Su S, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang X, Zeng EY, Xing B, Tao S. Seasonal and spatial variations in the chemical components and the cellular effects of particulate matter collected in Northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1627-1637. [PMID: 30857121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) are likely to be strongly influenced by its components. The relationship between the composition of PM and its biological effects has been investigated in vitro/vivo, but more studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationship. Such studies are limited in Northern China, where severe air pollution causes significant health impacts. In this study, we analyzed seasonal PM10 (PM, aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm) samples from five typical cities in Northern China for their physicochemical properties and their in vitro effects on A549 (human lung epithelial cell line) and RAW264.7 (murine monocyte macrophage) cells, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory effects. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the relationship between the PM components and the cellular responses. The cellular responses of A549 cells were more closely related to the endotoxin content and the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, while the cellular responses of RAW264.7 cells were largely related to PM10-bound metals, and the chalcophile elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) were more related to the PM-induced oxidative stress, whereas the lithophile and siderophile elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Co, V, Mn, Ca) were more related to PM-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. As PM compositions changed seasonally, more intense cellular responses were seen when A549 cells were exposed to winter samples that contained higher levels of those components. The autumn and winter samples induced higher levels of oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, possibly due to higher contents of chalcophile elements, whereas the spring and/or summer samples were more cytotoxic and proinflammatory, possibly due to higher contents of lithophile and siderophile elements. The study suggests that the evaluation of health impacts induced by air pollution should take into account different physiochemical properties other than the mass concentration, and that public health would benefit greatly from effective, prioritized control of the sources that are the major producers of the central species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Geographic and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Liu W, Xu Y, Liu W, Liu Q, Yu S, Liu Y, Wang X, Tao S. Oxidative potential of ambient PM 2.5 in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea, northern China: Seasonal variation and source apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:514-528. [PMID: 29428706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of air pollutants from primary and secondary sources in China are considerably higher than those in developed countries, and exposure to air pollution is main risk of public health. Identifying specific particulate matter (PM) compositions and sources are essential for policy makers to propose effective control measures for pollutant emissions. Ambient PM2.5 samples covered a whole year were collected from three coastal cities of the Bohai Sea. Oxidative potential (OP) was selected as the indicator to characterize associated PM compositions and sources most responsible for adverse impacts on human health. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were employed to estimate correlations of PM2.5 sources with OP. The volume- and mass-based dithiothreitol (DTTv and DTTm) activities of PM2.5 were significantly higher in local winter or autumn (p < 0.01). Spatial and seasonal variations in DTTv and DTTm were much larger than mass concentrations of PM2.5, indicated specific chemical components are responsible for PM2.5 derived OP. Strong correlations (r > 0.700, p < 0.01) were found between DTT activity and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and some transition metals. Using PMF, source fractions of PM2.5 were resolved as secondary source, traffic source, biomass burning, sea spray and urban dust, industry, coal combustion, and mineral dust. Further quantified by MLR, coal combustion, biomass burning, secondary sources, industry, and traffic source were dominant contributors to the water-soluble DTTv activity. Our results also suggested large differences in seasonal contributions of different sources to DTTv variability. A higher contribution of DTTv was derived from coal combustion during the local heating period. Secondary sources exhibited a greater fraction of DTTv in summer, when there was stronger solar radiation. Traffic sources exhibited a prevailing contribution in summer, and industry contributed larger proportions in spring and winter. Future abatement priority of air pollution should reduce the sources contributing to OP of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiJian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - YunSong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - QingYang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - ShuangYu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface and Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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18
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Besis A, Tsolakidou A, Balla D, Samara C, Voutsa D, Pantazaki A, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Lialiaris TS. Toxic organic substances and marker compounds in size-segregated urban particulate matter - Implications for involvement in the in vitro bioactivity of the extractable organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:758-774. [PMID: 28732338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxic organic substances and polar organic marker compounds, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitro-derivatives (N-PAHs), as well as dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and sugars/sugar anhydrites (S/SAs) were analyzed in size-segregated PM samples (<0.49, 0.49-0.97, 0.97-3 and >3 μm) collected at two urban sites (urban traffic and urban background) during the cold and the warm season. The potential associations between the organic PM determinants and the adverse cellular effects (i.e. cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, DNA damage, oxidative DNA adduct formation, and inflammatory response) induced by the extractable organic matter (EOM) of PM, previously measured in Velali et al. (2016b), were investigated by bivariate correlations and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Partial Least Square regression analysis (PLS) was also employed in order to identify the chemical classes mainly involved in the EOM-induced toxicological endpoints in the various particle size fractions. Results indicated that particle size range <0.49 μm was the major carrier of PM mass and organic compounds at both sites. All toxic organic compounds exhibited higher concentrations at the urban traffic site, except PCBs and OCPs that did not exhibit intra-urban variations. Conversely, wintertime levels of levoglucosan were significantly higher at the urban background site as a result of residential biomass burning. The PLS regression analysis allowed quite good prediction of the EOM-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity based on the determined organic chemical classes, particularly for the finest size fraction of PM. Nevertheless, it is expected that other chemical constituents, not determined here, also contribute to the measured toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsolakidou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Balla
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore S Lialiaris
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
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19
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Yang TT, Ho SC, Chuang LT, Chuang HC, Li YT, Wu JJ. Characterization of particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from incense burning and their bioreactivity in RAW264.7 macrophage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1190-1198. [PMID: 27865658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced from burning three incense types on and their bioreactivity in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to determine the levels of 16 identified PAHs. Macrophages were exposed to incense particle extracts at concentrations of 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory mediator [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] production of the cells were examined. The mean atomic hydrogen (H) to carbon (C) ratios in the environmentally friendly, binchotan charcoal, and lao shan incenses were 0.69, 1.13, and 1.71, respectively. PAH and total toxic equivalent (TEQ) mass fraction in the incenses ranged from 137.84 to 231.00 and 6.73-26.30 pg/μg, respectively. The exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to incense particles significantly increased TNF-α and NO production and reduced cell viability. The cells treated with particles collected from smoldering the environmentally friendly incense produced more NO and TNF-α compared to other incenses. Additionally, the TEQ of fluoranthene (FL), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (INP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene [B(ghi)P] had a significant correlation (R2 = 0.64-0.98, P < 0.05) with NO and TNF-α production. The current findings indicate that incense particle-bound PAHs are biologically active and that burning an incense with a lower H/C ratio caused higher bioreactivity. The stimulatory effect of PAH-containing particles on molecular mechanisms of inflammation are critical for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei St., Hsin Chu, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Chen Ho
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei St., Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Te Chuang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei St., Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei St., Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Jie Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei St., Hsin Chu, Taiwan
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20
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Velali E, Papachristou E, Pantazaki A, Choli-Papadopoulou T, Argyrou N, Tsourouktsoglou T, Lialiaris S, Constantinidis A, Lykidis D, Lialiaris TS, Besis A, Voutsa D, Samara C. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in vitro by solvent-extractable organic matter of size-segregated urban particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1350-1362. [PMID: 27613321 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three organic fractions of different polarity, including a non polar organic fraction (NPOF), a moderately polar organic fraction (MPOF), and a polar organic fraction (POF) were obtained from size-segregated (<0.49, 0.49-0.97, 0.97-3 and >3 μm) urban particulate matter (PM) samples, and tested for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity induced by the organic PM fractions was measured by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MTT) cell viability assay applied on MRC-5 human lung epithelial cells. DNA damages were evaluated through the comet assay, determination of the poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, and the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, while pro-inflammatory effects were assessed by determination of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mediator release. In addition, the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) inducibility of the solvent-extractable organic matter was measured on human peripheral lymphocyte. Variations of responses were assessed in relation to the polarity (hence the expected composition) of the organic PM fractions, particle size, locality, and season. Organic PM fractions were found to induce rather comparable Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM appeared to be rather independent from the polarity of the extractable organic PM matter (EOM) with POF often being relatively more toxic than NPOF or MPOF. All assays indicated stronger mass-normalized bioactivity for fine than coarse particles peaking in the 0.97-3 and/or the 0.49-0.97 μm size ranges. Nevertheless, the air volume-normalized bioactivity in all assays was highest for the <0.49 μm size range highlighting the important human health risk posed by the inhalation of these quasi-ultrafine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Velali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papachristou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Argyrou
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsourouktsoglou
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Stergios Lialiaris
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Alexandros Constantinidis
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Lykidis
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Thedore S Lialiaris
- Demokrition University of Thrace, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Jin W, Su S, Wang B, Zhu X, Chen Y, Shen G, Liu J, Cheng H, Wang X, Wu S, Zeng E, Xing B, Tao S. Properties and cellular effects of particulate matter from direct emissions and ambient sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:1075-1083. [PMID: 27409416 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1198632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of particulate matter (PM) is of great concern in China and many other developing countries. It is generally recognized that the toxicity of PM is source and property dependent. However, the relationship between PM properties and toxicity is still not well understood. In this study, PM samples from direct emissions of wood, straw, coal, diesel combustion, cigarette smoking and ambient air were collected and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Their expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and levels of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) was measured using a RAW264.7 cell model. Our results demonstrated that the properties of the samples from different origins exhibited remarkable differences. Significant increases in ROS were observed when the cells were exposed to PMs from biomass origins, including wood, straw and cigarettes, while increases in TNF-α were found for all the samples, particularly those from ambient air. The most important factor associated with ROS generation was the presence of water-soluble organic carbon, which was extremely abundant in the samples that directly resulted from biomass combustion. Metals, endotoxins and PM size were the most important properties associated with increases in TNF-α expression levels. The association of the origins of PM particles and physicochemical properties with cytotoxic properties is illustrated using a cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Jin
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Shu Su
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Bin Wang
- b Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xi Zhu
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yilin Chen
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xilong Wang
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuiping Wu
- c College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University , Fujian , China
| | - Eddy Zeng
- d School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- e Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Shu Tao
- a Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China
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22
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Zou Y, Jin C, Su Y, Li J, Zhu B. Water soluble and insoluble components of urban PM2.5 and their cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells (A549) in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:627-635. [PMID: 27039898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
When PM2.5 enters human bodies, the water soluble (WS-PM2.5) and insoluble components (WIS-PM2.5) of PM2.5 would interact with cells and cause adverse effects. However, the knowledge about the individual toxicity contribution of these two components is limited. In this study, the physiochemical properties of PM2.5 were well characterized. The toxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which include the cell viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and morphological changes, were examined with human lung epithelial A549 cells in vitro. The results indicated that WS-PM2.5 could induce the early response of ROS generation, multiplied mitochondria and multi-lamellar bodies in A549 cells, which might cause cell damage through oxidative stress. Meanwhile, WIS-PM2.5 was predominantly associated with the cell membrane disruption, which might lead to the cell damage through cell-particle interactions. Moreover, the synergistic cytotoxic effects of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5 were observed at longer exposure time. These findings demonstrate the different cytotoxicity mechanisms of WS-PM2.5 and WIS-PM2.5, which suggest that not only the size and dosage of PM2.5 but also the solubility of PM2.5 should be taken into consideration when evaluating the toxicity of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zou
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bangshang Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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23
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Wang TW, Vermeulen RCH, Hu W, Liu G, Xiao X, Alekseyev Y, Xu J, Reiss B, Steiling K, Downward GS, Silverman DT, Wei F, Wu G, Li J, Lenburg ME, Rothman N, Spira A, Lan Q. Gene-expression profiling of buccal epithelium among non-smoking women exposed to household air pollution from smoky coal. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1494-501. [PMID: 26468118 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In China's rural counties of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, lung cancer rates are among the highest in the world. While the elevated disease risk in this population has been linked to the usage of smoky (bituminous) coal as compared to smokeless (anthracite) coal, the underlying molecular changes associated with this exposure remains unclear. To understand the physiologic effects of smoky coal exposure, we analyzed the genome-wide gene-expression profiles in buccal epithelial cells collected from healthy, non-smoking female residents of Xuanwei and Fuyuan who burn smoky (n = 26) and smokeless (n = 9) coal. Gene-expression was profiled via microarrays, and changes associated with coal type were correlated to household levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Expression levels of 282 genes were altered with smoky versus smokeless coal exposure (P < 0.005), including the 2-fold increase of proinflammatory IL8 and decrease of proapoptotic CASP3. This signature was more correlated with carcinogenic PAHs (e.g. Benzo[a]pyrene; r = 0.41) than with non-carcinogenic PAHs (e.g. Fluorene; r = 0.08) or PM2.5 (r = 0.05). Genes altered with smoky coal exposure were concordantly enriched with tobacco exposure in previously profiled buccal biopsies of smokers and non-smokers (GSEA, q < 0.05). This is the first study to identify a signature of buccal epithelial gene-expression that is associated with smoky coal exposure, which in part is similar to the molecular response to tobacco smoke, thereby lending biologic plausibility to prior epidemiological studies that have linked this exposure to lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W Wang
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yuriy Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boris Reiss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - George S Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Fusheng Wei
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China and
| | - Guoping Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China and
| | - Jihua Li
- Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Qujing, China
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA,
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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24
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Ma M, Li S, Jin H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chen D, Kuimin C, Yuan Z, Xiao C. Characteristics and oxidative stress on rats and traffic policemen of ambient fine particulate matter from Shenyang. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:110-115. [PMID: 25918898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is becoming serious in China. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PM2.5 on DNA damage in Shenyang city. The concentration and composition of PM2.5 in traffic policemen's working sites including fields and indoor offices were obtained. Blood samples of field and office policemen were collected to detect DNA damage by Comet assay. Rats were used to further analyzing the oxidative DNA damage. The average concentration of PM2.5 in exposed group was significantly higher than that in control group. Composition analysis revealed that toxic heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances were main elements of this PM2.5. DNA damage in field policemen was significantly higher than those in non-field group. Moreover, animal studies confirmed the oxidative DNA damage induced by PM2.5. Taken together, high DNA damages are found in the Shenyang traffic policemen and rats exposed to high level of airborne PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shuyin Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Huanrong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chen Kuimin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, Peoples Republic of China.
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25
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Chuang HC, Ho KF, Cao JJ, Chuang KJ, Ho SSH, Feng PH, Tian L, Lee CH, Han YM, Lee CN, Cheng TJ. Effects of non-protein-type amino acids of fine particulate matter on E-cadherin and inflammatory responses in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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26
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Øvrevik J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Holme JA, Schwarze PE. Activation of Proinflammatory Responses in Cells of the Airway Mucosa by Particulate Matter: Oxidant- and Non-Oxidant-Mediated Triggering Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1399-440. [PMID: 26147224 PMCID: PMC4598757 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to play a central role in a diverse range of disease outcomes associated with exposure to various types of inhalable particulates. The initial mechanisms through which particles trigger cellular responses leading to activation of inflammatory responses are crucial to clarify in order to understand what physico-chemical characteristics govern the inflammogenic activity of particulate matter and why some particles are more harmful than others. Recent research suggests that molecular triggering mechanisms involved in activation of proinflammatory genes and onset of inflammatory reactions by particles or soluble particle components can be categorized into direct formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent oxidative stress, interaction with the lipid layer of cellular membranes, activation of cell surface receptors, and direct interactions with intracellular molecular targets. The present review focuses on the immediate effects and responses in cells exposed to particles and central down-stream signaling mechanisms involved in regulation of proinflammatory genes, with special emphasis on the role of oxidant and non-oxidant triggering mechanisms. Importantly, ROS act as a central second-messenger in a variety of signaling pathways. Even non-oxidant mediated triggering mechanisms are therefore also likely to activate downstream redox-regulated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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