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Tran-Lam TT, Pham PT, Bui MQ, Dao YH, Le GT. Organophosphate esters and their metabolites in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) of the Vietnamese coastal areas: Spatial-temporal distribution and exposure risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142724. [PMID: 38950748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
A large number of studies on organophosphate esters (tri-OPEs) in marine organisms have not assessed the simultaneous occurrence of tri-OPEs and their metabolites (di-OPEs) in these species. This research investigated the concentration and geographical distribution of 15 tri-OPEs and 7 di-OPEs in 172 samples of Pampus argenteus that were collected annually from 2021 to 2023 at three distinct locations along the Vietnamese coast. As a result, tri-OPEs and di-OPEs were detected in numerous fish samples, indicating their widespread spatial and temporal occurrence in marine fish and pointing out the importance of monitoring their levels. The tri-OPEs and di-OPEs ranged within 2.1-38.9 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) and 3.2-263.4 ng g-1 dw, respectively. The mean concentrations of tri-OPEs ranged from 0.4 (TIPrP) to 5.4 ng g-1 dw (TBOEP), with TBOEP and TEHP having the highest mean values. In addition, the profiles of tri-OPEs in fish exhibited a descending order: Σalkyl OPEs > ΣCl-alkyl OPEs > Σaryl OPEs. The di-OPEs, namely BEHP and DMP, had the highest mean levels, measuring 33.4 ng g-1 dw and 23.8 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Furthermore, there have been significant findings of strong positive correlations between di-OPEs and tri-OPE pairs (p < 0.05). It is worth noting that there is a noticeable difference in the composition of tri-OPEs between the North and other regions. Despite these findings, the presence of OPE-contaminated fish did not pose any health risks to Vietnam's coastal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thien Tran-Lam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000 Vietnam; Institute of Mechanics and Applied Informatics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 291 Dien Bien Phu, Ward 7, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Thi Pham
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Quang Bui
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000 Viet Nam
| | - Yen Hai Dao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Truong Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
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Li W, Chen J, Bie Q, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang K, Qian S. Exploring organophosphate ester contamination and distribution in food: A meta-analysis. Food Chem 2024; 456:140035. [PMID: 38870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the food safety risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) by analyzing data from 23 studies with 14,915 data points. We found EDP contamination highest in cereals, dairy, and meats, and TEHP most prevalent in vegetables and fruits, with contamination levels reaching 4.54 ng/g and 1.46 ng/g, respectively. Food processing influences OPE contamination through complex and multifaceted, akin to a "double-edged sword.", as meta-analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed. Estimated Dietary Intakes (EDI) identified vegetables and cereals as primary OPE sources, contributing 33.3% and 23.8% of total intake, with EDI values of 44.74 ng/kg bw/day and 32.25 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Current exposure levels are within U.S. EPA safety thresholds (HQ < < 1), but the heightened risk to infants and children necessitates revising safety standards and ongoing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Junlong Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qianqian Bie
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Yukun Huang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shan Qian
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
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3
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Borrull S, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction method for determining high production volume chemicals in fish liver and skin samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141273. [PMID: 38253091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aquatic ecosystem is one of the most delicate environments, housing a diverse range of organisms, including fish, all of which are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants. The accumulation of these harmful substances in fish, which are part of the human diet, presents a significant health risk to humans. In our study, we have optimized an extraction technique to determine the presence of 25 high production volume chemicals in liver and skin samples taken from commonly consumed fish species. We have employed ultrasound-assisted extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to achieve this goal. Apparent recoveries of the method ranged from 50% to 111% for both sample types with some exceptions such as most of the benzosulfonamides and benzothiazole. Additionally, the method's detection and quantification limits varied from 0.1 to 1.7 ng g-1 (dry weight, d.w) and 0.2-4.5 ng g-1 (d.w), respectively. Our investigation focused on three frequently consumed fish species in Tarragona: sea bass, sea bream, and turbot. Almost all of the samples we analysed contained traces of contaminants, with phthalates being the most commonly detected. The highest concentrations were observed for diethyl phthalate, with levels peaking at 8350 ng g-1 (d.w.). Organophosphate esters, such as triethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate, also showed notable presence, with peak concentrations of 93.6 and 34.0 ng g-1 (d.w.), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Deng D, Wang J, Xu S, Sun Y, Shi G, Wang H, Wang X. The physiological effect of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under the presence of copper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27312-7. [PMID: 37147540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and biochemical impacts of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination and growth performance in the presence and absence of copper. The study evaluated seed germination, growth, OPFRs concentrations, chlorophyll fluorescence index (Fv/Fm and Fv/F0), and antioxidant enzyme activity. It also calculated the root accumulation of OPFRs and their root-stem translocation. At the germination stage, at a concentration of 20 μg·L-1 OPFR exposure, wheat germination vigor, root, and shoot lengths were significantly decreased compared to the control. However, the addition of a high concentration of copper (60 mg·L-1) decreased by 80%, 82%, and 87% in the seed germination vitality index and root and shoot elongation, respectively, compared to 20 μg·L-1 of OPFR treatment. At the seedling stage, a concentration of 50 μg·L-1 of OPFRs significantly decreased by 42% and 5.4% in wheat growth weight and the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to the control. However, the addition of a low concentration of copper (15 mg·L-1) slightly enhanced the growth weight compared to the other two co-exposure treatments, but the results were not significant (p > 0.05). After 7 days of exposure, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (indicates lipid peroxidation) content in wheat roots significantly increased compared to the control and was higher than in leaves. MDA contents in wheat roots and shoots were decreased by 18% and 6.5% when OPFRs were combined with low Cu treatment compared with single OPFRs treatment, but SOD activity was slightly improved. These results suggest that the co-exposure of copper and OPFRs enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress tolerance. Seven OPFRs were detected in wheat roots and stems, with root concentration factors (RCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) ranging from 67 to 337 and 0.05 to 0.33, respectively, for the seven OPFRs in a single OPFR treatment. The addition of copper significantly increased OPFR accumulation in the root and aerial parts. In general, the addition of a low concentration of copper promoted wheat seedling elongation and biomass and did not significantly inhibit the germination process. OPFRs could mitigate the toxicity of low-concentration copper on wheat but had a weak detoxification effect on high-concentration copper. These results indicated that the combined toxicity of OPFRs and Cu had antagonistic effects on the early development and growth of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxian Deng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Sijie Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yueying Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
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Aimuzi R, Xie Z, Qu Y, Jiang Y, Luo K. Associations of urinary organophosphate esters metabolites and diet quality with nonalcoholic/metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases in adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114720. [PMID: 36889207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Whether exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. A healthy diet is crucial to metabolic health and dietary intake is also an important route for OPEs exposure. However, the joint associations of OPEs, diet quality, and the effect modification by diet quality remain unknown. This study comprised 2618 adults with complete data on 6 urinary OPEs metabolites, 24 h dietary recalls, and definitions of NAFLD and MAFLD from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. Multivariable binary logistic regression was applied to assess the associations of OPEs metabolites with NAFLD, MAFLD, and components of MAFLD. We also adopted the quantile g-Computation method to examine the associations of OPEs metabolites mixture. Our results revealed that OPEs metabolites mixture and three individual metabolites [i.e., bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and diphenyl phosphate] were significantly and positively associated with NAFLD and MAFLD (P-trend<0.001), with BDCIPP being identified as the dominant metabolite, whereas the 4 diet quality scores were monotonically and inversely associated with both MAFLD and NAFLD (P-trend<0.001). Of note, 4 diet quality scores were by and large negatively associated with BDCIPP, but not with other OPEs metabolites. Joint association analyses revealed that individuals with higher diet quality and lower BDCIPP concentration tend to have lower odds of having MAFLD and NAFLD in comparison with people in the low diet quality and high BDCIPP group, but the associations of BDCIPP were not modified by diet quality. Our findings suggest that certain OPEs metabolites and diet quality exhibited opposing associations with both MAFLD and NAFLD. Individuals adherent to a healthier diet may have a lower level of certain OPEs metabolites, and thus could have lower odds of having NAFLD and MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxianguli Aimuzi
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhilan Xie
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yimin Qu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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6
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Gbadamosi MR, Abdallah MAE, Harrad S. Organophosphate esters in UK diet; exposure and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:158368. [PMID: 36116644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food ingestion has been established as an important human exposure route to many environmental contaminants (brominated flame retardants, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides etc). However, information regarding dietary exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the UK remains limited. This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on OPEs in the UK diet by measuring concentrations of eight OPEs in 393 food samples, divided into 15 food groups, collected from Birmingham, UK. All target OPEs were measured above the limit of quantification in at least one of the food groups analysed. Concentrations were highest (mean ∑8OPEs = 18.4 ng/g wet weight (ww)) in milk and milk products, followed by those in cereal and cereal products (mean ∑8OPEs = 15.9 ng/g ww), with concentrations lowest in chickens' eggs (mean ∑8OPEs = 1.61 ng/g ww). Interestingly, concentrations in animal-derived foods (mean ∑8OPEs = 44.2 ng/g ww) were statistically indistinguishable (p˃0.05) from plant-derived foods (mean ∑8OPEs = 36.8 ng/g ww). Estimated daily dietary intakes (EDIs) of ∑8OPEs under mean and high-end exposure scenarios for the four age groups considered were: toddlers (420 and 1547 ng/kg bw/day) ˃ children (155 and 836) ˃ elderly (74.3 and 377) ˃ adults (62.3 and 278) ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Baby food contributed 39 % of ∑8OPEs exposure for toddlers, with non-alcoholic beverages contributing 27 % of exposure for children, while cereal and cereal products (25 %) and fruits (22 %) were the main contributors for adults and the elderly. The concentrations of OPEs in UK foodstuffs were generally of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other countries and our estimates of dietary exposure were well below the corresponding health-based limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muideen Remilekun Gbadamosi
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Keilen EK, Borgå K, Thorstensen HS, Hylland K, Helberg M, Warner N, Bæk K, Reiertsen TK, Ruus A. Differences in Trophic Level, Contaminant Load, and DNA Damage in an Urban and a Remote Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Breeding Colony in Coastal Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2466-2478. [PMID: 35860956 PMCID: PMC9826413 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are opportunistic feeders, resulting in contaminant exposure depending on area and habitat. We compared contaminant concentrations and dietary markers between two herring gull breeding colonies with different distances to extensive human activity and presumed contaminant exposure from the local marine diet. Furthermore, we investigated the integrity of DNA in white blood cells and sensitivity to oxidative stress. We analyzed blood from 15 herring gulls from each colony-the urban Oslofjord near the Norwegian capital Oslo in the temperate region and the remote Hornøya island in northern Norway, on the Barents Sea coast. Based on d13 C and d34 S, the dietary sources of urban gulls differed, with some individuals having a marine and others a more terrestrial dietary signal. All remote gulls had a marine dietary signal and higher relative trophic level than the urban marine feeding gulls. Concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of most persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyl ethers (PCBs) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were higher in urban marine (PCB153 17 ± 17 ng/g wet weight, PFOS 25 ± 21 ng/g wet wt) than urban terrestrial feeders (PCB153 3.7 ± 2.4 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 6.7 ± 10 ng/g wet wt). Despite feeding at a higher trophic level (d15 N), the remote gulls (PCB153 17 ± 1221 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 19 ± 1421 ng/g wet wt) were similar to the urban marine feeders. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes were detected in only a few gulls, except for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in the urban colony, which was found in 12 of 13 gulls. Only hexachlorobenzene was present in higher concentrations in the remote (2.6 ± 0.42 ng/g wet wt) compared with the urban colony (0.34 ± 0.33 ng/g wet wt). Baseline and induced DNA damage (doublestreak breaks) was higher in urban than in remote gulls for both terrestrial and marine feeders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2466-2478. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Kine Bæk
- The Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
| | | | - Anders Ruus
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- The Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
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8
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Jessup WH, Wiegand J, Delbridge-Perry M, MacAvoy SE, Connaughton VP. Developmental effects of siloxane exposure in zebrafish: a comparison study using laboratory-mixed and environmental water samples. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1986-2004. [PMID: 35863877 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Siloxanes are used in personal care, biomedical, and industrial products. Their worldwide use and persistence in the environment cause consistent exposure for both humans and aquatic animals. Two siloxane congeners, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS 541-02-6) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4; CAS 556-67-2), are among the most prevalent, with measurable levels in air, sediment, water, and biological samples. However, few studies have examined the impact of developmental (embryo/larva) exposure. To address this gap, we performed parallel experiments using wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio). One set of experiments used laboratory-mixed individual solutions containing either D4, D5, or 2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4 H ; CAS 2370-88-9); the other used environmental water samples containing a mixture of siloxanes, including D4 and D5. These samples were collected from Bladensburg Waterfront Park (BWP) a site along the Anacostia River, Washington, DC. In both experiments, zebrafish (24-48 hours postfertilization, hpf) were exposed until 7 or 14 days (d)pf. Chronic exposure to D4, D5, or BWP water until 7 dpf caused stress-like behaviors and reduced swim velocities; anatomical differences were noted only in BWP-exposed larvae. At 14 dpf, BWP-treated larvae still showed slower swimming velocities and increased immobility; anatomical differences were no longer evident and thigmotactic behavior was reduced. D4 and D5-exposed larvae did not survive after 10 dpf. Larvae exposed to D4 H showed no decreases in behavior or growth at either age. These results suggest early developmental sensitivity to siloxane exposure and point to the need to consider embryonic/larval endpoints when assessing aquatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna Wiegand
- Departments of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Stephen E MacAvoy
- Departments of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Departments of Biology, American University, Washington, DC.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC
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9
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High production volume chemicals in seafood: A review of analytical methods, occurrence and population risk. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Zhang W, Giesy JP, Wang P. Organophosphate esters in agro-foods: Occurrence, sources and emerging challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154271. [PMID: 35245542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safety and sustainable agro-food production is important for food and nutrition security. Agro-foods safety is challenged by various emerging environmental contaminants. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to occur in various agro-food items worldwide, which has resulted in increasing concerns for effects on health of humans and wildlife, including through agriculture. However, information on presence, sources and transfer routes of OPEs in agro-foods, and consequent health risks remains scant. This review critically evaluates available information on concentrations of OPEs in various agro-foods, and discusses potential sources of OPEs in agro-foods, which are closely related to the ambient agri-environment, agricultural inputs, and agro-foods processing. Some directions for future research are suggested. First, since food is an important exposure pathway to OPEs, systematic monitoring of concentrations of OPEs in various categories of agro-foods is recommended. Second, surveillance of concentrations and characteristics of OPEs in agro-foods and ambient agri-environments, agricultural inputs or processing in the agro-food chain is needed to obtain a more complete description of exposure and transmission behavior of OPEs in agro-foods. Third, future comprehensive studies of transmission, metabolism and accumulation of OPEs in animals or plants, are required. Finally, measures to control emissions of OPEs as sources to agriculture should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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11
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Lee JS, Kawai YK, Morita Y, Covaci A, Kubota A. Estrogenic and growth inhibitory responses to organophosphorus flame retardant metabolites in zebrafish embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 256:109321. [PMID: 35227875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) elicit a variety of toxic effects, including endocrine disruption. The present study examined estrogenic and growth inhibitory responses to OPFR metabolites in comparison to their parent compounds using zebrafish eleutheroembryos.1 Exposure to 4-hydroxylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (HO-p-TPHP) but not its parent compound triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) elicited upregulation of a marker gene of estrogenic responses, cytochrome P450 19A1b (CYP19A1b), and this upregulation was reversed by co-exposure to an estrogen receptor antagonist. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), as well as 3-hydroxylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (HO-m-TPHP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), did not elicit significant changes in the CYP19A1b expression. Reduction in body length was induced by TPHP and to a lesser extent by its hydroxylated metabolites. Altered expression of genes involved in the synthesis and action of thyroid hormones, including iodothyronine deiodinases 1 and 2, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, and transthyretin, were commonly observed for TPHP and its hydroxylated metabolites. Reduction in the body length was also seen in embryos exposed to TDCIPP but not BDCIPP. The transcriptional effect of TDCIPP was largely different from that of TPHP, with decreased expression of growth hormone and prolactin observed only in TDCIPP-exposed embryos. Considering the concentration-response relationships for the growth retardation and gene expression changes, together with existing evidence from other researchers, it is likely that prolactin is in part involved in the growth inhibition caused by TDCIPP. The present study showed similarities and differences in the endocrine disruptive effects of OPFRs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Morita
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Akira Kubota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan.
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12
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Zhang YT, Chen R, Wang F, Huang Z, He S, Chen J, Mu J. Potential involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152945. [PMID: 35007605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), a prevalent pollutant in the aquatic environment, has been reported to induce neurotoxicity (e.g., a suppression in locomotor activity) in fish larvae, posing a great threat to fish populations. However, the underlying mechanism was not fully revealed. In this study, the Oryzias melastigma larvae (21 dph) were exposed to waterborne TPhP (20 and 100 μg/L) for 7 days and a decreased locomotor activity was found. After exposure, the brain transcriptome and communities of gut microbiota were investigated to explore the potential mechanism underlying the suppressed locomotor activity by TPhP. The results showed that 1160 genes in the brain were dysregulated by TPhP, of which 24 genes were identified as being highly associated with the neural function and development (including nerve regeneration, neuronal growth and differentiation, brain ion homeostasis, production of neurotransmitters and etc), suggesting a general impairment in the central nervous system. Meanwhile, TPhP caused disorders in the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which can influence the brain functions of host via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, were significantly altered by TPhP. Furthermore, the Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed positive correlations between the intestinal genera Ruegeria, Roseivivax and Nautella and the dysregulated brain genes by TPhP. These results suggest that TPhP might impair the central nervous system of the O. melastigma larvae not only directly but also through the microbiota-gut-axis (indirectly), contributing to the suppressed locomotor activity. These findings enrich our mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of TPhP in fish larvae and shed preliminary light on the involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Zhang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruanni Chen
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Feipeng Wang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zekun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuiqing He
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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13
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Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Sediments from Jiulong River Estuary and Adjacent Western Taiwan Strait, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042449. [PMID: 35206636 PMCID: PMC8872513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely prevalent in the environment and are of significant concern because of their potential toxicity to human health and wildlife. In this study, the concentration, frequency, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risks of OPFRs in sediments from the Jiulong River estuary and the adjacent western Taiwan Strait were investigated. Concentrations of four of the five studied OPFRs were between <LOD and 36.6 ng/g. The distribution of all OPFRs, except 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), remained highly consistent with hydrological (salinity) trends. Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation between EHDPP and total concentrations suggested that it may be the dominant contaminant at both sites. Principal element analysis indicated multiple sources of OPFRs, which were categorized as emissions from road runoff and surface traffic, effects of atmospheric deposition and hydrologic conditions, and a combination of industrial and population effects. Ecological risk indicates that tris (chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphosphate ester (2,3-dibromopropyl) (TDBPP) have almost no risk, tris (clorisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) generally has low risk, while EHDPP has moderate risk with the highest value of 0.487 in the sediments from both sites. Meanwhile, TCPP and TCEP exhibit lower theoretical health risks but are still not negligible. Overall, this work provides data to support global pollutant studies and facilitate the implementation of pollutant control strategies.
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Choi Y, Hao C, Helm PA, Bhavsar SP, Kim SD. Organophosphate esters in Great Lakes fish: An improved analysis to assess concentrations and human exposure via consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150981. [PMID: 34666087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are flame retardant and plasticizer chemicals added to electronics, furniture, textiles, and other building materials and consumer products. In this study, fillets of fish often caught by anglers in the North American Great Lakes, Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) across four Great Lakes and nearshore fish species near the large urban and industrial centers of Toronto and Hamilton, Canada, were analyzed for 22 OPEs. A rapid microextraction of homogenized tissues with methanol dramatically reduced preparation and sample handling time while achieving recoveries of 69-141%, and the optimized liquid chromatographic separation improved isomeric separations, including aryl-OPEs. Twelve of the 22 OPEs were detected, with frequencies of detection ranging from 8.3% to 98%, and five compounds were detected in >50% of the fish. The average ± standard deviation for the sum of 12 OPEs (ΣOPE12) ranged from 9.6 ± 0.9 (L. Erie 2017) to 74 ± 44 (L. Superior 2001) ng/g wet weight in Lake Trout, and 12 ± 2.7 to 35 ± 30 ng/g wet weight in nearshore fish species from the Toronto and Hamilton areas. The aryl-OPEs were dominant in Lake Trout, comprising 32-77% of total ΣOPE12 concentrations. In nearshore fish, the OPE patterns reflected the relative degree of exposure to run-off and wastewater inputs in the sampled receiving environments. The intake of OPEs via human consumption of Great Lakes Lake Trout and nearshore fish was estimated to range 6.5-31 ng/kg body weight/day, which is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than exposures via indoor air and ingestion/inhalation of dusts, and 3 orders of magnitude lower than estimated reference doses. The inclusion of additional OPE analytes enabled patterns of exposure and accumulation to be distinguished in fish of different species and location, and were related to source and food web influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada.
| | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada; School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Suite 1016V, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Satyendra P Bhavsar
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada; School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Suite 1016V, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Matthews JC. A mechanistic evaluation of the potential for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to produce effects via endocrine modes of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:571-590. [PMID: 34877914 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1994525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is a hypothesis driven, mechanistic evaluation of the potential for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) to produce any effects via endocrine modes of action. D4 is a volatile, lipophilic liquid used in the production of high molecular weight dimethylsiloxane polymers. These are used in a variety of industrial, medical, cleaning, and personal care products, and they may contain low levels of residual D4. Low concentrations of D4 are found in the environment and there is potential for low level human exposure. All of the measured environmental and workplace levels of D4 fall below no observed effect levels (NOEL). Most of the effects of high dose D4 involve the female reproductive system. In the mature intact female rat following chronic high dose exposure, D4 may cause inhibition of mating and ovulation, decreased live litter sizes, small increases in the estrogen to progesterone ratio primarily through decreases in progesterone, and increases in uterine hyperplasia. When endogenous estrogens are very low, high dose D4 causes increases in some uterine parameters. To assess whether these high dose effects can be attributed to an endocrine mode of action, endpoints are ranked for relevance and strength, consistent with published concepts. When sufficient information is available the level of activity of D4 for producing the observed effect is compared with that of potent endocrines. The conclusions reached are that all of the effects of D4 fall well short of any established criteria for D4 to be capable of producing any adverse effect via an endocrine mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Matthews
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, MS, USA
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16
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Wang W, Cho HS, Kim K, Park K, Oh JE. Tissue-specific distribution and bioaccumulation of cyclic and linear siloxanes in South Korean crucian carp (carassius carassius). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117789. [PMID: 34274646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of cyclic and linear siloxanes were investigated in South Korean river water and sediment, with a special focus on crucian carp tissues, to evaluate the residual status and potential bioaccumulation of siloxanes. The total siloxanes median concentrations observed in this study were 1495 ng/L in river water, 39.2 ng/g-dry weight [dw] in sediment, and 41.7 ng/g-wet weight [ww] in crucian carp muscle. Cyclic siloxanes (D3-D6) were predominant in all matrices, and D5 (mean: > 81%) was more abundant in biota tissues than in river water (30%) and sediment (26%) samples. Specifically, positive correlations between D5 concentrations and crucian carp sizes (p < 0.01, Spearman) as well as the relatively high estimated biota-sediment accumulation factor value of D5 (D5: 2.31), suggest the high bioaccumulative property of D5 in biota. However, no bioaccumulation potentials were observed for D3, D4, D6, and L3-L17 in this field-scale study. The distributions of major linear siloxanes (L7-L14) in crucian carp gills (17%) and gonads (21%) were higher than in other tissues (brain, 9.6%; liver, 2.6%; muscle, 1.5%). Moreover, relatively high tissue/plasma ratios were observed for linear siloxanes (L7-L10: 1.79-2.12) compared to cyclic siloxanes (D4-D6: 0.829-1.18) (p < 0.01, Mann Whitney U test), which indicated the higher transportability of linear siloxanes to fish tissues than cyclic siloxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seo Cho
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Bekele TG, Zhao H, Yang J, Chegen RG, Chen J, Mekonen S, Qadeer A. A review of environmental occurrence, analysis, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of organophosphate esters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49507-49528. [PMID: 34378126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ban and restriction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and major brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), due to their confirmed detrimental effects on wildlife and humans have paved the way for the wide application of organophosphate esters (OPEs). OPEs have been extensively used as alternative flame retardants, plasticizer, and antifoaming agents in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to an increase in production, usage, and discharge in the environment. We compile recent information on the production/usage and physicochemical properties of OPEs and discussed and compared the available sample treatment and analysis techniques of OPEs, including extraction, clean-up, and instrumental analysis. The occurrence of OPEs in sediment, aquatic biota, surface, and drinking water is documented. Toxicity, human exposure, and ecological risks of OPEs were summarized; toxicological data of several OPEs shows different adverse health effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Much attention was given to document evidence regarding the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPEs in aquatic organisms. Finally, identified research gaps and avenues for future studies are forwarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Arba Minch University, 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Ruth Gebretsadik Chegen
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, High-tech Zone District, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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18
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He Y, Su S, Cheng J, Tang Z, Ren S, Lyu Y. Bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of cyclic methylsiloxanes in the food web of a large subtropical lake in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125354. [PMID: 33609872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Available information on the bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of cyclic methylsiloxanes in aquatic food webs is insufficient for a reliable understanding of their toxicity and potential ecological harm. The concentrations of four cyclic methylsiloxanes in aquatic species collected from Lake Chaohu (China) were measured and the total concentration was in range of 2.01-36.1 ng/g dry weight. Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) represented 57.7% of the total measured methylsiloxane concentration. The distribution of these methylsiloxanes constitute the first tissue-specific record. The hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) tended to accumulate preferentially in fish muscles, while D6 was preferentially accumulated in fish liver and gills. In Lake Chaohu, significant trophic magnification of D3 (p < 0.01) and dilution of D6 (p < 0.05) were observed, and the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were estimated at 4.94 and 0.68, respectively. No significant trends in D4 and D5 (p > 0.05) were observed within the food web. This study further confirmed the complexity of trophic transfer of the methylsiloxanes in the aquatic food web. The findings suggest that tissue-specific methylsiloxane distribution in aquatic species might also affect the observed TMFs. More research is required to investigate methylsiloxanes in additional species and their trophodynamics in different food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yang Lyu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Peng X, Chen G, Fan Y, Zhu Z, Guo S, Zhou J, Tan J. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer of organophosphorus plastic additives in freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116948. [PMID: 33773303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been a growing global issue. Various plastic additives may enter the environment with plastic debris, which could also become contaminants. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer potential of commonly applied organophosphorus plastic additives (OPPAs) were investigated in wildlife fish of the Pearl River system, China. The OPPAs were widely detected in 7 consumable fish species. Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate was the predominant compound, with a median concentration of 18.8 ng/g lipid weight. The total OPPA concentrations (ΣOPPAs) were higher in the livers and swimming bladders, suggesting important roles of lipophilicity on the OPPAs accumulation in the fish. Besides, the livers were more abundant in the non-chlorinated OPPAs relative to the other tissues, indicating potentially stronger metabolism of the chlorinated OPPAs in the livers. Redbelly tilapia contained obviously lower ΣOPPAs than the other species. On the other hand, proportions of the chlorinated OPPAs were obviously lower in barbel chub and Guangdong black bream. For an individual species, higher ΣOPPAs were usually detected in the female than in the male fish. Furthermore, the females contained higher proportions of the non-chlorinated OPPAs. These results suggested potentially more accumulation of the OPPAs, particularly the non-chlorinated OPPAs in the female than in the male fish. Body weight dependence of the OPPAs accumulation showed varied patterns depending on species, tissue, and compound. Species-specific characteristics affected by both ecology and organisms' physiology should be considered in combination in assessing bioaccumulation of the OPPAs. The OPPAs were slightly bioaccumulative with LogBAFs of 1.2-3.3. The OPPAs did not show obvious inclination to be partitioned to biota from sediment. Omnipresence of the OPPAs in both egg/ovary and testis of the fish suggested potential transgenerational transfer of these chemicals, which can be a serious ecological issue and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zewen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Monitoring and Testing, Guangzhou, 510050, China
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20
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Knudtzon NC, Thorstensen H, Ruus A, Helberg M, Bæk K, Enge EK, Borgå K. Maternal transfer and occurrence of siloxanes, chlorinated paraffins, metals, PFAS and legacy POPs in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) of different urban influence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106478. [PMID: 33770583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are exposed to contaminants from aquatic, terrestrial and anthropogenic sources. We aim to assess if differences in urbanisation affect ecological niche and contaminant concentrations in female herring gulls. Furthermore, we investigated maternal transfer from mothers to eggs for all the target compounds, including chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMSs), which to our knowledge have not been assessed in herring gulls previously. We compare concentrations of legacy and emerging contaminants and metals in blood and eggs between two herring gull colonies located 51 km apart, in the urban influenced Norwegian Oslofjord. While both colonies are within an urbanised area, the inner fjord is more so, as it is surrounded by Oslo, the capital and largest city in Norway Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen indicated a more marine ecological niche in the outer than the inner fjord colony, although with overlap. Persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations were similar in the inner and outer fjord colonies, while the short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCP), which are recently added to the Stockholm convention and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) varied, with higher concentrations of SCCP and the cVMS decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in females and eggs of the inner fjord colony. Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) concentrations were higher in the outer fjord colony, likely linked to releases from a point-source (airport and waste management facility with open access to food waste). In blood, chlorinated paraffins contributed most the total lipophilic contaminants (inner: 78%, outer: 56%), while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the most abundant lipophilic contaminants in eggs (inner: 62%, outer: 46%). Dechloranes and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were detected in few samples. Maternal transfer, assessed by egg to blood ratios, of cVMSs were similar to the POPs with mean log ratio 0.39 (D5), while it was lower for SCCPs, with log ratios-0.77. Our results indicate comparable POP exposure of the herring gulls in the inner and outer Oslofjord, likely due to overlap in ecological niches between the colonies and wide distribution of POPs. The differences between the colonies in concentrations of PFAS, cVMS and CPs shows that point source exposures and urban influence may be more important than ecological niche for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Knudtzon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Thorstensen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Helberg
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Østfold University College, B R A Veien 4, 1757 Halden, Norway
| | - Kine Bæk
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen K Enge
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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21
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Ye L, Meng W, Huang J, Li J, Su G. Establishment of a Target, Suspect, and Functional Group-Dependent Screening Strategy for Organophosphate Esters (OPEs): "Into the Unknown" of OPEs in the Sediment of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5836-5847. [PMID: 33891400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental monitoring studies are generally confined to several target organophosphate esters (OPEs), and there is a lack of strategies for comprehensively screening all potential OPEs in environmental samples. Here, an effective and accurate strategy was developed for the target, suspect, and functional group-dependent screening of OPEs by the use of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and this strategy was applied for the analysis of n = 74 sediment samples (including 23 surface sediment samples and 51 sediment core samples) collected from Taihu Lake (eastern China) in 2019. In these analyzed samples, we successfully identified n = 35 OPEs, and 23 of them were reported in this region for the first time. In addition, this strategy also presented other interesting findings, i.e., (1) OPE concentrations decreased with increasing distance from the coast of the lake; (2) the newly identified 3-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (meta-OH-TPHP) was not statistically significantly correlated with triphenyl phosphate (TPHP; r = 0.02494, p = 0.9101) but with resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) (r = 0.9271, p < 0.0001) and three other OPEs; and (3) the summed concentrations of aryl OPEs (∑arylOPEs) in sediment core samples exhibited significantly increasing trends as the depth decreased. Collectively, this study provided an effective strategy that was successfully applied for comprehensive screening of OPEs in the sediments of Taihu Lake, and this strategy could have promising potential to be extended to other environmental matrices or samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langjie Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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22
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Guo W, Dai Y, Chu X, Cui S, Sun Y, Li YF, Jia H. Assessment bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of methyl siloxanes in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) around a siloxane production factory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:111983. [PMID: 33582413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl siloxanes are identified as emerging persistent toxic compounds and the ecological environment risks of these compounds have been caused of great concern worldwide. In this study, the concentrations of methyl siloxanes were reported in dissolved water and crucian carp around a methyl siloxane production factory located in Liaoning Province, Northeast China. D4, D5, D6, D7, L4, L5 and L6 were detectable both in dissolved water and crucian carp. The total concentrations of 7 methyl siloxanes (Σ7MS) were 14 ± 6.3 ng/L in dissolved water and 43 ± 22 ng/g ww in crucian carp, respectively. D5 has the highest concentration both in dissolved water (5.5 ± 3.5 ng/L) and crucian carp (17 ± 11 ng/g ww). Based on the monitoring values, bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of these compounds were calculated. Significant bioaccumulation potential was observed for D4 (BAF = 5900 ± 3500 L/kg) based on the bioaccumulation criteria suggested by USEPA and EU (BAF > 5000 L/kg). To our understanding, this is the first report of BAF values of methyl siloxane in field study, which will provide important support for further assessment of bioaccumulation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Guo
- International Joint Research Centre for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yang Dai
- International Joint Research Centre for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xiaoting Chu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Cui
- IJRC-PTS, School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Centre for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Centre for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
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23
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Zhang YT, Chen M, He S, Fang C, Chen M, Li D, Wu D, Chernick M, Hinton DE, Bo J, Xie L, Mu J. Microplastics decrease the toxicity of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143040. [PMID: 33129518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been recognized as a serious threat to the environment. Besides their own toxicity, microplastics can interact with other environmental pollutants, acting as carriers and potentially modulating their toxicity. In this study, the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) microplastic fragments (plain PS; carboxylated PS, PS-COOH and aminated PS, PS-NH2) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) (an emerging organophosphate flame retardant) at the environmentally relevant concentrations to the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) larvae was investigated. Larvae were exposed to 20 μg/L of microplastic fragments or 20 and 100 μg/L of TPhP or a combination of both for 7 days. The results showed that the three microplastics did not affect the larval locomotor activity. For TPhP, the larval moving duration and distance moved were significantly decreased by the TPhP exposure, with a maximum decrease of 43.5% and 59.4% respectively. Exposure to 100 μg/L TPhP respectively down-regulated the expression levels of sine oculis homeobox homologue 3 (six3) and short wavelength-sensitive type 2 (sws2) by 19.1% and 41.7%, suggesting that TPhP might disturb eye development and photoreception and consequently the low locomotor activity in the larvae. Interestingly, during the binary mixture exposure, the presence of PS, PS-COOH or PS-NH2 reversed the low locomotor activity induced by 100 μg/L TPhP to the normal level. Relative to the larvae from the 100 μg/L TPhP group, the movement duration and distance moved were increased by approximately 60% and 100%, respectively, in the larvae from the TPhP + PS, TPhP + PS-COOH and TPhP + PS-NH2 groups. However, the gene expression profiles were distinct among the fish from the TPhP + PS, TPhP + PS-COOH and TPhP + PS-NH2 groups, implying different mechanisms underlying the reversal of the locomotor activity. The findings in this study challenge the general view that microplastics aggravate the toxicity of the adsorbed pollutants, and help better understand the environmental risk of microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuiqing He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicant and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China
| | - Melissa Chernick
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David E Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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24
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Hou R, Wang Y, Zhou S, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Xu Y. Aerobic degradation of nonhalogenated organophosphate flame esters (OPEs) by enriched cultures from sludge: Kinetics, pathways, bacterial community evolution, and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143385. [PMID: 33243516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation by bacteria has been considered the main process for eliminating nonhalogenated organophosphate esters (OPEs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but limited research has reported the biodegradation processes and clarified the microbial-mediated mechanisms for nonhalogenated OPE degradation in WWTPs. The aim of this study was to monitor the biodegradation of the most common nonhalogenated OPEs, namely, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris (n-butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and trisphenyl phosphate (TPHP), under aerobic conditions by sludge cultures from a conventional sewage plant. The microbial cultures were enriched separately with each OPE from activated sludge cultures, and the presence of glucose significantly enhanced degradation of the OPEs during the enrichment. The removal ratios for the three OPEs reached 29.3-89.9% after 5 cycles (25 days) of cultivation, and the first-order degradation kinetics followed the order of TPHP > TBOEP > TNBP, with their half-lives ranging between 12.8 and 99.0 h. Pathways of hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methoxylation, and substitution were confirmed for the aerobic biodegradation of these nonhalogenated OPEs, but only di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) largely accumulated in culture medium as the most predominant transformation products. Phylotypes in Klebsiella were significantly more abundant during OPE biodegradation than in the initial sludge, which indicated that these microorganisms are associated with the biodegradation of nonhalogenated OPEs in sludge culture. Biodegradation of all investigated nonhalogenated OPEs was associated with a significant reduction in the residual toxicity to Vibrio fischeri, indicating a rather positive ecotoxicological outcome of the aerobic biotransformation processes achieved by the enriched sludge culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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25
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Xiong H, Huang Y, Mao Y, Liu C, Wang J. Inhibition in growth and cardiotoxicity of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate through down-regulating Wnt signaling pathway in early developmental stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111431. [PMID: 33069947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a common organophosphorus flame retardant, tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is detected in water environment and aquatic animals extensively. Despite previous researches have reported the developmental toxicity of TBOEP in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae, few research focused on its underlying mechanisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 20, 200, 1000 and 2000 µg/L TBOEP from 2 until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf) to determine potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity of this compound. Early developmental stage parameters such as body length, survival rate, hatching rate and heart rate were decreased, while malformation rate was ascended. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was carried out at 12, 24, 72 and 120 hpf to demonstrate alterations in expression of genes of Wnt signaling pathway. The results indicated that axin1 was significantly up-regulated, while β-catenin, pkc and wnt11 were down-regulated. Correlation analysis indicated that expression of these genes was significantly correlated with body length. Furthermore, apoptosis was detected in heart region by acridine orange (AO) staining and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, at 120 hpf, occurrence of oxidative stress was observed in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), an activator of Wnt pathway, was found to alleviate the inhibiting effects of TBOEP on zebrafish growth. The overall outcomes offered novel viewpoints in toxic effects of TBOEP, and down-regulating Wnt signaling pathway were able to reveal some potential mechanisms of developmental toxicity of TBOEP in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchao Mao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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26
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Zhang X, Chen H, Wang H, Wang Q. Time-course effects of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Growth inhibition and adaptability mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123784. [PMID: 33254794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), a widely used chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant, is an increasingly widespread contaminant of aquatic environment. In this study, time-dependent effect of TDCPP on the freshwater green-algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated and its underlying mechanisms were explored. We show that TDCPP lower than 10 ppm caused a reversible inhibition of algal growth, with complete inhibition occurring at 15 ppm. This inhibition was not caused by damage from reactive oxygen species, but rather resulted from the impairment of photosynthetic function, with PSII reaction center as the primary target, as indicated by Chl a fluorescence induction, QA- reoxidation, S-state distribution and immunoblot analysis. The reversal of damage caused by TDCPP concentrations under 10 ppm might be attributable to the repair of photosynthetic function by de novo protein biosynthesis in the chloroplast, with the most likely explanation being the replacement of the damaged PSII D1 protein. The results provide novel insights into mechanisms of TDCPP toxicity toward freshwater microalgae and better understanding of ecological consequences of TDCPP in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, China.
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27
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Robinson SA, Young SD, Brinovcar C, McFee A, De Silva AO. Ecotoxicity assessment and bioconcentration of a highly brominated organophosphate ester flame retardant in two amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127631. [PMID: 32688321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Restrictions on the production and use of some highly toxic and persistent flame retardants has resulted in the increased use of alternative phosphate flame retardants that are less-well characterized. The brominated organophosphate ester flame retardant, tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate (CAS 19186-97-1, molecular formula C15H24Br9O4P, molecular weight 1018.47 g/mol, acronym TTBrNP) is a compound with potential to bioaccumulate and disrupt endocrine functions. To determine the toxicity of TTBrNP, two Canadian native amphibian species, Lithobates sylvaticus and L. pipiens, were acutely (embryos and Gosner stage 25 (GS25) tadpoles) or sub-chronically (GS25-41 tadpoles) exposed to the following nominal concentrations of TTBrNP: 0 (water and solvent controls), 30.6, 61.3, 122.5 and 245.0 μg/L. Note, measured concentrations declined with time (i.e., 118%-30% of nominal). There was high survival for both species after acute and sub-chronic exposures, where 75%-100% survived the exposures, respectively. There were no differences in the occurrence of abnormalities or hatchling size between controls and TTBrNP treatments for either species exposed acutely as embryos or tadpoles. Furthermore, after 30 d of sub-chronic exposure of L. pipiens tadpoles to TTBrNP there were no effects on size, developmental stage, liver somatic index or sex ratio. Bioconcentration factors were low at 26 ± 3.1 L/kg ww in tadpoles from all treatments, suggesting biotransformation or limited bioavailability via aquatic exposures. Thus, using two species of anurans at different early larval stages, we found TTBrNP up to 245 μg/L to have no overt detrimental effects on survival or morphological responses that would suggest fitness-relevant consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah D Young
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Cassandra Brinovcar
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Ashley McFee
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
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28
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Wei B, O'Connor R, Goniewicz M, Hyland A. Association between Urinary Metabolite Levels of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Serum Sex Hormone Levels Measured in a Reference Sample of the US General Population. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2020; 12:905-916. [PMID: 33817408 PMCID: PMC8011613 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Use of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in consumer materials have led to widespread human exposure.Research is needed to examine the health effects attributable to the general population's exposure to OPFRs. Using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (2013-2014), multiple regression analyses were performed to compare the adjusted geometric means (aGMs) of serum sex hormone by quartiles of urinary metabolites of OPFRs, including diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and dibutyl phosphate(DBuP), in children (6 - 9 years old), adolescents (10 - 19 years old) and adults(≥ 20 years old), while accounting for potential confounding factors. The aGMs of sex hormone-binding globulin increased by 36% (95% CI: 6.1 - 56.7%) in female children (p = 0.03), 44% (95%CI: 16 - 63%) in female adolescents (p = 0.010), and 22% (95%CI: 3.51 - 37%) in female adults (p = 0.025), from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the levels of DPhP, BDCPP, DBUP, respectively. The aGMs of estradiol (EST) decreased by 64% and 77% from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the DBUP levels in female children (p = 0.015) and female adolescent (p = 0.020), respectively. The aGMs of EST increased by 31% (95%CI: 3.8 - 51%) from the 1st to 4th quartiles of the DBUP levels in female adults (p = 0.031). These findings suggest that exposure to certain OPFRs is associated with the altered sex hormone levels in this sample of US population. More studies are needed to examine the mechanisms responsible for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnian Wei
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Richard O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Maciej Goniewicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
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29
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Occurrence, analysis and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in biota: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111547. [PMID: 32829085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants. In this review article, the occurrence and analytical techniques of OPEs in the biotic environment have been compiled and reviewed. Data from studies published the last decade all over the world covering a variety of species in trophic chain have been synthesized and evaluated. OPEs are among the most frequent detected flame retardants and high concentrations are detected in biota to date. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed emphasizing on further monitoring, advanced analytical methodologies, and risk assessment studies to completely understand the science of OPEs in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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30
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Li X, Zhao N, Fu J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Dong S, Wang P, Su X, Fu J. Organophosphate Diesters (Di-OPEs) Play a Critical Role in Understanding Global Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in Fishmeal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12130-12141. [PMID: 32936633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) have recently been widely identified in aquatic ecosystems, but information on their organophosphate diester (di-OPE) metabolites is sparsely available. Herein, uniform fishmeal products were collected across the globe (the U.S., China, Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia). Sixteen representative tri-OPEs and eight di-OPEs were investigated to reveal whether industrial production, metabolism, environmental persistence, or physicochemical properties are the key factors influencing their environmental burden and distribution. Tri-OPEs and di-OPEs were 100% detected in fishmeal, with bis(2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) at discernible levels in marine fauna for the first time. Average concentration of di-OPEs (49.6 ± 27.5 ng/g dw) was of the same order of magnitude as that of tri-OPEs (59.3 ± 92.2 ng/g dw). Geographical-specific distributions of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean concentration ratios ranged from 0.087 for the BCEP-TCEP pair to 507 for the dimethyl phosphate (DMP)-trimethyl phosphate (TMP) pair. Only the TPhP-diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) pair presented a strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.731; p < 0.01), and DPhP was proved a degradation origin. Commercial sources had a significant overall impact on distribution patterns of the DMP-TMP and the dibutyl phosphate (DnBP) - tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) pairs, whereas biotic transformation and abiotic stability profoundly influenced the bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP)-tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), the bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP)-TCIPP, and the BCEP-TCEP pairs. Di-OPEs are critical to understand environmental behavior of tri-OPEs in marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Castro Ó, Pocurull E, Borrull F. Determination of organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticisers in fish samples by QuEChERs followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Exposure and risk assessment through fish consumption. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461356. [PMID: 32797836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in everyday commodities such as furniture, household appliances and baby toys have rendered these contaminants ubiquitous in environmental fates such as air, water, soils and biota. Their presence in food-related species suggests that an additional route of exposure to these esters for the general population is fish intake through diet. Their incipient toxicity and carcinogenetic behaviour make it essential to develop methods for determining OPEs in fish samples. In this paper we have developed a new method for determining 9 OPEs based on the QuEChERS extraction method followed by a simple clean-up using a novel device for selective lipid removal (LipiFiltr) and GC-MS/MS to extract these compounds from fish samples regardless of lipid content. QuEChERS salt packet optimisation and clean-up strategies such as liquid-liquid extraction, dispersive-solid phase extraction and LipiFiltr were tested. Our results showed that EN 15662 method salts and Lipifiltr were the best combination to produce efficient analyte apparent recovery (67-116%) and negligible matrix effects (<10%). Limits of detection ranged from 0.05 ng g-1 (dry weight) for TiBP and TBP to 2.00 ng g-1 (dry weight) for TCEP. Fish samples from four fish species were determined with a median concentration of ΣOPEs 5.31 ng g-1 on a wet weight basis, with TBP, TiBP and TCPP as the main contenders. Estimates of exposure and risk associated with consuming these compounds via dietary intake showed low levels of concern for the population of Tarragona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel•lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel•lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel•lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Hou R, Xu Y, Rao K, Feng C, Wang Z. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation, metabolism and excretion of tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) in rare minnow (Gobiocyprisrarus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114245. [PMID: 32220757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) analogues and is commonly detected in surface water and sediments. Limited information is available about the metabolic pathway or metabolite formation related to TEHP in fish. In this study, rare minnows (Gobiocyprisrarus) were exposed to TEHP in static water for 30 d to investigate the bioaccumulation and metabolite distribution in the fish muscle, liver, kidney, gill, GI-tract, ovary and testis. Based on the estimated kup,parent and kd,parent values, the bioconcentration factors (BCFparent) of TEHP in fish tissues were calculated in the order of kidney > ovary ≈ liver ≈ testis > gill ≈ GI-tract > muscle; this finding was consistent with the results of our previous study on other alkyl-substituted OPFRs. In addition, this study identified the metabolic profiles of TEHP in the liver. TEHP was oxidatively metabolized by the fish to a dealkylated metabolite (di 2-ethylhexyl phosphate; DEHP) and hydroxylated TEHP (OH-TEHP). OH-TEHP further underwent extensive phase II metabolism to yield glucuronic acid conjugates. DEHP was mainly distributed in rare minnow in the following order: liver > GI-tract > kidney ≫ other tissues. However, the metabolite showed lower accumulation potential in fish tissues than TEHP, with metabolite parent concentration factors (MPCFs) for DEHP of less than 0.1 in all the investigated tissues. The BCFparent values of TEHP in various fish tissues were only 9.0 × 10-3-7.2 × 10-4 times its estimated tissue-water partition coefficient (Ktissue-water) values based on tissue lipid, protein and water contents, which indicated the significance of biotransformation in reducing the bioaccumulation potential of TEHP in fish. The toxicokinetic data in the present study help in understanding the tissue-specific bioaccumulation and metabolism pathways of TEHP in fish and highlight the importance of toxicology research on TEHP metabolites in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Wu Y, Venier M, Salamova A. Spatioseasonal Variations and Partitioning Behavior of Organophosphate Esters in the Great Lakes Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5400-5408. [PMID: 32289228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) were measured in atmospheric vapor and particle samples collected at six sites in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin every 12 days from January to December 2017 (inclusive). Median total OPE concentrations (∑OPEs) ranged from 41.2 pg/m3 at Eagle Harbor, Michigan to 1320 pg/m3 at Cleveland, Ohio. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the most abundant OPE measured in these samples and contributed 26% to ∑OPE concentrations. The spatial distribution of OPEs among the sites suggests that OPEs with longer atmospheric half-lives and relatively high octanol-air partitioning coefficients (KOA) are likely to have a greater potential to undergo long-range atmospheric transport. OPE particle-phase partitioning fraction (Φ) significantly and positively correlated with KOA, but declined with increasing relative humidity. Φ values varied seasonally and were lower in the summer for volatile OPEs. In addition, samples collected in the summer had significantly higher levels of ∑OPEs than samples collected in the winter. The estimated dry deposition flow of ∑OPEs to the Great Lakes was 1.22 tons/year, exceeding the corresponding flows reported for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Marta Venier
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amina Salamova
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Lee JS, Morita Y, Kawai YK, Covaci A, Kubota A. Developmental circulatory failure caused by metabolites of organophosphorus flame retardants in zebrafish, Danio rerio. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125738. [PMID: 31918085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters are used worldwide as additives in flame retardants and plasticizer as a replacement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Increasing evidence on human exposure to and environmental contamination with organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) requires an adequate toxicity assessment for this class of chemicals. While developmental toxicity of several OPFRs has been reported, developmental effects of OPFR metabolites have still to be understood. The present study aimed at characterizing developmental effects of OPFR metabolites using zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and two of its metabolites, 3-hydroxylphenyl diphenyl phosphate and 4-hydroxylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, were most potent for inducing pericardial edema and reduction in blood flow in trunk vessels. Other TPHP metabolites, such as diphenyl phosphate and 4-hydroxylphenyl phenyl phosphate, showed no substantial increase in circulatory failure at concentrations up to 30 μM. Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate showed circulatory failure at 30 μM, but its metabolite bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate did not. Neither tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate nor its metabolite bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, induced circulatory failure. The circulatory failure appeared to be enhanced with the increase in the octanol-water partition coefficients of OPFRs and their metabolites, suggesting that developmental circulatory failure posed by these chemicals could be estimated by their bioaccumulative potential. The present study demonstrated developmental circulatory failure of hydroxylated TPHP metabolites, which was almost equipotent to TPHP. Diester OPFR metabolites showed no major developmental toxicity at the concentrations used in this study. The current results establish the foundation for further understanding the similarities and differences in the toxic mechanisms between OPFRs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Morita
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Akira Kubota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro, 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan.
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35
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Zheng G, Miller P, von Hippel FA, Buck CL, Carpenter DO, Salamova A. Legacy and emerging semi-volatile organic compounds in sentinel fish from an arctic formerly used defense site in Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113872. [PMID: 32069693 PMCID: PMC7082201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is subject to long-range atmospheric deposition of globally-distilled semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that bioaccumulate and biomagnify in lipid-rich food webs. In addition, locally contaminated sites may also contribute SVOCs to the arctic environment. Specifically, Alaska has hundreds of formerly used defense (FUD) sites, many of which are co-located with Alaska Native villages in remote parts of the state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of SVOC contamination on Alaska's St. Lawrence Island through the analysis of sentinel fish, the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), collected from Troutman Lake located within the watershed of an FUD site and adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell. We measured the concentrations of legacy and emerging SVOCs in 303 fish samples (81 composites), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their diester metabolites, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PBDEs and PCBs were the most abundant SVOC groups found in stickleback with ΣPBDE and ΣPCB median concentrations of 25.8 and 10.9 ng/g ww, respectively, followed by PFAS (median ΣPFAS 7.22 ng/g ww). ΣOPE and ΣOPE metabolite concentrations were lower with median concentrations of 4.97 and 1.18 ng/g ww, respectively. Chemical patterns and distributions based on correlations and comparison with SVOC concentrations in stickleback from other parts of the island suggest strong local sources of PCBs, PBDEs, and PFAS on St. Lawrence Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, 99518, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Amina Salamova
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Guo M, Gu Y, Fan X. Chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants exert oxidative damage to SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135777. [PMID: 31972937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants are organic pollutants widely distributed in the environment. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the toxicity mechanism of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants at the molecular level. Tris (1, 3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were used as typical representatives of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants to evaluate their cytotoxicity as well as changes in the expression of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), which will be meaningful for an in-depth study of the toxicity mechanism of TDCPP, TCPP and TCEP. The results showed that the three chemicals reduced cell viability over a period of 24 h. The exposure increased extracellular levels of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased intracellular levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of the SOD and CAT genes were down-regulated indicating that the SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells may experience oxidative damage as a result of exposure to the three chemicals. The expression of the Bax apoptosis protein was up-regulated and the Bcl-2 apoptosis protein was down-regulated, suggesting that the three chemicals may cause functional defects, damage the cell structure and promote apoptosis. The results from this study should provide the basis for a detailed investigation of the ecological toxicity of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yi Gu
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- School of Landscape Architecture School of Tourism and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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37
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Zapata Corella P, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Organophosphorus flame retardants in a typical freshwater food web: Bioaccumulation factors, tissue distribution, and trophic transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113286. [PMID: 31563785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water, sediment, and wild aquatic species were collected from an electronic waste (e-waste) polluted pond in South China. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and trophic transfer of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in these aquatic organisms. The concentrations of PFRs detected in the analyzed organisms were between 1.7 and 47 ng/g wet weight (ww). Oriental river prawn and snakehead exhibited the highest and lowest levels, respectively. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were dominant contaminants, accounting for approximately 86% of the total sum. The mean values of bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) and logarithmic biota-sediment accumulation factors (log BSAFs) for individual PFRs varied from 6.6 to 1109 and from -2.0 to 0.41, respectively. Both log BCFs and log BSAFs of PFRs were significantly and positively correlated with their octanol-water partitioning coefficient (log KOW). The concentrations of PFRs in tissues of large mud carp and snakehead were significantly and positively correlated with the lipid content (each p < 0.05) and the liver, kidney, and gill exhibited high PFR levels. When the concentration was expressed on a lipid basis, liver exhibited the lowest level, indicating the probable effects of metabolism. Significantly positive correlation was also found between lipid content and total PFR concentration in muscle of all aquatic organisms, given the strong correlation between lipid content and the concentration of TnBP. Trophic magnification factors (TMF) of TnBP and TPhP were lower than 1 (0.57 and 0.62), indicating that these PFRs undergo trophic dilution in this aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Pablo Zapata Corella
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122874. [PMID: 31212857 PMCID: PMC6627825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. This paper first reviews the evolution of various types of flame retardants (FRs) and the environmental pollution of OPFRs, the different absorption pathways of OPFRs by animals and humans (such as inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption and absorption), and then summarizes the environmental impacts of OPFRs, including their biological toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, migration, endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. Based on limited available data and results, this study also summarizes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPFRs in different types of biological and food nets. In addition, a new governance idea for the replacement of existing OPFRs from the source is proposed, seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to OPFRs in order to provide new ideas and theoretical guidance for the removal of OPFRs.
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39
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Hou R, Yuan S, Feng C, Xu Y, Rao K, Wang Z. Toxicokinetic patterns, metabolites formation and distribution in various tissues of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to tri(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:806-814. [PMID: 30870749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkylated organophosphate esters (alkyl-OPEs) are widely used and extensively detected in aquatic organisms. This work investigated the tissue-specific toxicokinetics of two common alkyl-OPEs, tri(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tri‑n‑butyl phosphate (TNBP) in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) through a 50 day uptake and depuration experiment. The tissue-specific bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for the two alkyl-OPEs ranged from 1 to 30 L/kg wet weight (ww), with the kidney and ovary as the tissues with the highest accumulation. The tissue BCFs only exhibited a significant correlation with lipid contents only in storage tissues (i.e., muscle, brain, ovary and testis), indicating that lipids might not be the major contributor to tissue distribution of TBOEP and TNBP. However, the contribution of blood perfusion and active transport to tissue-specific OPE accumulation needs to be further investigated. Lower accumulation of metabolites than parent chemicals was observed, with metabolite parent concentration factors (MPCFs) <1. Di-alkyl phosphate (DAP), bis(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and di(n-butyl) phosphate (DNBP) were the most abundantly formed metabolites of TBOEP and TNBP in various tissues, followed by the monohydroxylated OPEs (OH-OPEs). However, bis(2‑butoxyethyl) hydroxyethyl phosphate (BBOEHEP), was detected at much lower levels in the tissues. All the investigated metabolites showed high production rates (kprod,metabolites) in the fish liver, followed by the GI tract and the kidney, indicating the importance of the hepatobiliary and urinary systems in eliminating the metabolites. Our study suggested that metabolism plays an important role in eliminating these two alkyl-OPEs in rare minnow and results in different tissue distribution mechanisms for metabolites and their compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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40
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Gu J, Su F, Hong P, Zhang Q, Zhao M. 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis of nine organophosphate flame retardants metabolic disturbance in Hep G2 cell line. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:162-170. [PMID: 30772545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are frequently found in the environment and could be adversely affecting organisms. In fact, nine OPFRs have been shown to cause endocrine disruptions, but information on the metabolism-perturbing properties of these OPFRs remains unclear. In this study, the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomic method was applied to evaluate the metabolic disturbances caused by these nine OPFRs. From the analysis of the metabolic phenotypes, we found that TDBPP, TMPP and TPHP could be clustered into one group; TBOEP, TCIPP, TCEP and TEHP could be clustered into another group; and the residual OPFRs could be clustered into another. The classification results agree with the antagonistic activities of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Then, we found that when HepG2 cells were exposed to TMPP, TPHP and TDBPP, the main metabolic sub-network disturbances focused on metabolism linked with oxidative stress, osmotic pressure equilibrium, and glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist activities; this was also true for TNBP and TDCIPP. Meanwhile, the other OPFRs mainly affected oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. With multivariate statistical analysis, we found many differential metabolites in each group. Notably, Trimethylamine‑N‑oxide (TMAO) was the differential metabolite in six of the tested OPFRs, excluding TMPP, TPHP and TDBPP, and was one of the potential cardiovascular biomarkers. The data provided here could be helpful in gaining a more in-depth understanding of the metabolic disturbances of these nine OPFRs and may offer a new perspective for understanding potential pollutants with endocrine-disrupting effects on host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Feng Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - PanPan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China.
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41
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Tang B, Poma G, Bastiaensen M, Yin SS, Luo XJ, Mai BX, Covaci A. Bioconcentration and biotransformation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:512-522. [PMID: 30849579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of xenobiotic compounds is critical for evaluating their fate and potential toxicity in vivo. In the present study, the tissue specific accumulation and depuration of seven organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated after exposing the fish to an environmental relevant level of PFRs. The log Kow of PFRs was significantly negatively correlated to the percentages of individual PFRs to the total PFRs in serum (p < 0.04), whereas significantly positive correlations were observed in all other tissues (p < 0.02). Significant correlations (p < 0.01) between the log Kow of PFRs and their log bioconcentration factor (BCFww) were also found in all investigated tissues except for serum. This suggests that the hydrophobicity of PFRs played a significant role in the distribution and body compartment accumulation of PFRs in common carp. The bioaccumulation potential of PFRs in serum was different from the other tissues, probably due to its specific properties. Dialkyl and/or diaryl phosphate esters (DAP) and hydroxylated PFRs (HO-PFRs) were quantified as the major metabolites. Their levels in liver and intestine were significantly higher than in other tissues. Biotransformation processes also played a crucial role in the accumulation of PFRs in fish. Our results provide critical information for further understanding the bioconcentration, tissue distribution and metabolism of PFRs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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42
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Hong X, Chen R, Yuan L, Zha J. Global microRNA and isomiR expression associated with liver metabolism is induced by organophosphorus flame retardant exposure in male Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:829-838. [PMID: 30176492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the adverse effects of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) on aquatic organisms at the epigenetic level, male Chinese rare minnows were exposed to 0.24 mg/L tris(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), 0.04 mg/L tris(1,3‑dichloro‑2‑propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), or 0.012 mg/L triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) for 14 days. The effects of sub-acute OPFR exposure on liver miRNA and the 3' isomiR expression profiles of Chinese rare minnows were investigated. Through small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 32, 84, and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected for TBOEP, TDCIPP, and TPHP exposure, respectively (p < 0.05). Target prediction of the differentially expressed miRNAs and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that predicted altered mRNAs for all three OPFRs were associated with metabolic pathways, whereas base excision repair was only predicted to be perturbed by the TPHP treatment. In addition, 3' isomiR-Us were unexpectedly abundant in all groups (e.g., miR-143), and TDCIPP strongly increased the ratio of 3' isomiR-U expression. Finally, histological examination and metabolic enzyme activity analyses werein agreement with the predicted metabolic pathways. As such, our study indicates that the investigation of epigenetics changes in miRNA gene transcription is a considerable method for the assessment of aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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He MJ, Lu JF, Wei SQ. Organophosphate esters in biota, water, and air from an agricultural area of Chongqing, western China: Concentrations, composition profiles, partition and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:388-397. [PMID: 30352353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We measured the concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in some biotic samples which can serve as human foodstuffs and ambient environments including air and river water from an agricultural area of Chongqing, western China. Fish samples exhibited highest OPEs levels (960 ng/g lipid weight) among the biota, followed by chicken (676 ng/g lw), cattle (545 ng/g lw) and pigs (535 ng/g lw). Tributyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (2-methylpropyl) (TIBP) and chlorinated OPEs were the major analogs in biotic samples, which appeared similar with the patterns from river water and outdoor air, but apparently different from indoor air. To further investigate the influence of ambient environment on the distribution of OPEs in biota, we analyzed the correlation between OPEs concentrations in ambient environment and biological samples, and the results revealed that most of the samples (except for pig samples) heavily correlated with outdoor air, whereas only fish and cattle samples were strongly correlated with river water. The partitioning behaviors of OPEs among biota, air and river water were also studied through calculating the biota-water accumulation factors (BWAFs), biota-air accumulation factors (BAAFs) and air-water partitioning factor (AWPFs). Significantly linear correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between log (BWAFs) and log (KOW) values, and between log (AWPFs) and log H (Henry's law constants), nevertheless log (BAAFs) was increasing along with the log (KOA) values. The daily intake (DI) values were estimated via foodstuffs ingestion and environmental exposure. The estimated DI values of OPEs from food and ambient environments were 1.78 ng/kg-bw/day, 1.23 ng/kg-bw/day and 1.42 ng/kg-bw/day in toddlers, children and adults, respectively, which lay at the low end of the reported data and well below the reference dose (RfD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jing He
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jun-Feng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, China
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44
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Lorenzo M, Campo J, Morales Suárez-Varela M, Picó Y. Occurrence, distribution and behavior of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a Mediterranean wetland protected area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1009-1020. [PMID: 30235586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) in the different environmental compartments of a characteristic coastal wetland, the Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain), is required for understanding the transport, accumulation and fate of these pollutants in an area under high anthropogenic pressure. Samples included 13 wastewater treatment plant influents, 13 effluents, 12 surface water, 19 sediment samples and 10 fish individuals from the Albufera Natural Park and the surrounding area. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were at the highest concentrations in water, 330.2 ng L-1 and 47.8 ng L-1, respectively. In fish and sediment PFOS was also the most detected while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was in all types of water. Higher levels of target compounds (mainly PFASs) in wastewater effluents compared to influent suggested both, formation from precursors during treatment and poor removal efficiency. Mean levels of PFOS in water and fish were higher than the environmental quality standards (EQS) established by the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU. The influence of the metropolitan area of Valencia and its surrounding industrial belt could explain the significantly higher levels reported in the northern part (influenced by the Turia River).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorenzo
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV) and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julián Campo
- Environmental Forensic and Landscape Chemistry Research Group, Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada - Náquera km 4.5 (Campus IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Morales Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV) and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Wang Y, Kannan K. Concentrations and Dietary Exposure to Organophosphate Esters in Foodstuffs from Albany, New York, United States. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13525-13532. [PMID: 30525574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, but little is known about their occurrence in foodstuffs, an important source of human exposure. In this study, 15 OPEs were measured in foodstuffs and food-packing materials collected from local markets in Albany, New York, United States, for the first time. Among the foodstuffs analyzed, median concentrations of ∑OPEs (sum of 15 OPEs) in meat (6.76 ng/g wet weight; ww) and fish/seafood (7.11 ng/g ww) were higher than those in other food categories. ∑OPEs were found in food packaging at a median concentration of 132 ng/g. The estimated daily dietary intakes (EDIs) of OPE were of 37.9, 135, 56.6, 32.2, and 25.1 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for infants, toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults, respectively. Meat was a major source (47%) of dietary OPEs exposure in adults, whereas dairy products accounted for 52% of OPE exposures in toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Wadsworth Center , New York State Department of Health , Albany , New York 12201 , United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center , New York State Department of Health , Albany , New York 12201 , United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , State University of New York at Albany , Albany , New York 12201 , United States
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46
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Zeng X, Sun H, Huang Y, Liu J, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate on growth and transcription of genes involved in the GH/IGF and HPT axes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:376-384. [PMID: 30149310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), as one of the most widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), is applied in nearly all manufactured items and materials. It has been reported that TBOEP could cause developmental impairments and disrupt the endocrine regulation of fish growth during acute toxic experiments. However, concentrations to which fish were exposed in these studies were greater than environmentally relevant concentrations ever reported. This study examined effects on growth associated with exposure of zebrafish to 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/L TBOEP during 20-90 days post fertilization (dpf). The changes in growth indicators and bioaccumulation of TBOEP were examined along with the transcription of related genes in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. The average body contents of TBOEP were higher in females than in males in all the exposure groups. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBOEP significantly decreased body length and body mass and down-regulated expression of several genes involved in the GH/IGF and HPT axes. Exposure to TBOEP decreased plasma thyroxine (T4) content accompanied by decreased mRNA level of thyrotropin β-subunit (tshβ) in females at 60 dpf, but no effects were observed at 90 dpf. These results suggested that bioaccumulation of TBOEP and down-regulation of genes involved in the GH/IGF axis might be responsible for the observed growth inhibition in zebrafish exposed to TBOEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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47
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Zhu Y, Lin D, Yang D, Jia Y, Liu C. Environmentally relevant concentrations of the flame retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate change morphology of female zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:358-364. [PMID: 30145427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) was considered as a re-emerging environmental pollutant, and accumulated evidences suggested that it was global distributed in various environmental media. However, effect of TDCIPP on fish morphology remained largely unknown. In this study, one-month old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 0.05, 0.5 or 5 μg/L TDCIPP for 120 days, and effects on fish morphology and expressions of genes included in the development of muscle and bone were examined. Using landmark-based geometric morphometrics, we found that environmentally relevant concentrations of TDCIPP altered morphology of female zebrafish. Furthermore, TDCIPP decreased the ratio of caudal fin area to whole body area and muscle density. These effects were possibly resulted from the alteration in the expression of genes included in the development of muscle (myf5 and myog) and bone (bmp2b and bmp4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandong Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yali Jia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan, Changde, 415000, China.
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48
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Suo L, Huang W, Zhu Q, Ma L, Hu M. Accelerated solvent extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 11 organophosphorus flame retardants in aquatic products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5287-5293. [PMID: 29652444 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction was developed for the extraction and determination of 11 organophosphorus flame retardants by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. RESULTS After optimization of the extraction temperature (80 °C), the extraction solvent (n-hexane), the flush volume (40%) and the static extraction time (4 min), all 11 organophosphorus flame retardants illustrated good linearities (R > 0.999). The limits of detection of the method ranged from 0.016 to 26.58 µg kg-1 in the different matrices. The recoveries were 90.4-111.2% with relative standard deviations 0.21-5.3% for the various aquatic products. CONCLUSION The proposed method was applied successfully to detect 11 organophosphorus flame retardants in aquatic products, including grass carp, ribbon fish, mud fish, common eel, shrimp and frog. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Suo
- Physical and Chemical Department, Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Physical and Chemical Department, Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qunying Zhu
- Physical and Chemical Department, Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Physical and Chemical Department, Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Hu
- Physical and Chemical Department, Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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49
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Li R, Zhang L, Shi Q, Guo Y, Zhang W, Zhou B. A protective role of autophagy in TDCIPP-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:46-54. [PMID: 29605586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), an extensively used organophosphorus flame retardant, is frequently detected in various environmental media and biota, and has been demonstrated as neurotoxic. Autophagy has been proposed as a protective mechanism against toxicant-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of TDCIPP exposure on autophagy, and its role in TDCIPP-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Zebrafish embryos (2-120 h post-fertilization [hpf]) were exposed to TDCIPP (0, 5, 50 and 500 μg/l) and a model neurotoxic chemical, chlorpyrifos (CPF, 100 μg/l). The developmental endpoints, locomotive behavior, cholinesterase activities, gene and protein expression related to neurodevelopment and autophagy were measured in the larvae. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TDCIPP (500 μg/l) and CPF causes developmental toxicity, including reduced hatching and survival rates and increased malformation rate (e.g., spinal curvature), as well as altered locomotor behavior. The expression of selected neurodevelopmental gene and protein markers (e.g., mbp, syn2a, and α1-tubulin) was significantly down-regulated in CPF and TDCIPP exposed zebrafish larvae. Treatment with CPF significantly inhibits AChE and BChE, while TDCIPP (0-500 μg/l) exerts no effects on these enzymes. Furthermore, the conversion of microtubule-associated protein I (LC3 I) to LC3 II was significantly increased in TDCIPP exposed zebrafish larvae. In addition, exposure to TDCIPP also activates transcription of several critical genes in autophagy (e.g. Becn1, atg3, atg5, map1lc3b and sqstm1). To further investigate the role of autophagy in TDCIPP induced developmental neurotoxicity, an autophagy inducer (rapamycin, Rapa, 1 nM) and inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ, 1 μM) were used. The results demonstrate that the hatching rate, survival rate, and the expression of mbp and а1-tubulin proteins were all significantly increased in larvae treated with TDCIPP (500 μg/l) and Rapa compared to TDCIPP alone. In contrast, co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor CQ results in exacerbated neurodevelopmental toxicity. Taken together, our results confirm that exposure to TDCIPP induces autophagy, which plays a protective role in TDCIPP-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Qipeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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50
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Jiang F, Liu J, Zeng X, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate affects motor behavior and axonal growth in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:215-223. [PMID: 29558706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is an environmental contaminant that poses serious risks to aquatic organisms and their associated ecosystem. Recently, the reproductive and developmental toxicology of TBOEP has been reported. However, fewer studies have assessed the neurotoxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. In this study, zebrafish embryos were subjected to waterborne exposure of TBOEP at 0, 50, 500, 1500 and 2500 μg/L from 2 to 144-h post-fertilization (hpf). Behavioral measurements showed that TBOEP exposure reduced embryonic spontaneous movement and decreased swimming speed of larvae in response to dark stimulation. In accordance with these motor effects, TBOEP treatment reduced neuron-specific GFP expression in transgenic Tg (HuC-GFP) zebrafish larvae and inhibited the growth of secondary motoneurons, as well as decreased expression of marker genes related to central nervous system development in TBOEP treated group. Furthermore, increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as reduction of SOD activity were detected in TBOEP exposure group. The present results showed that the alteration in motor neuron and oxidative stress could together lead to the motor behavior alterations induced by TBOEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Xinyue Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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