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Luo Y, Liu G. Chemical mechanisms of hexachlorobutadiene reactions in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124893. [PMID: 39241950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) has received increasing attention because of its adverse effects on human health. Although HCBD is regulated under the Stockholm Convention, it is still widely detected in the environment. However, detailed reports on the chemical mechanisms of HCBD reactions in the environment are lacking. This review comprehensively summarizes HCBD's unintentional industrial sources and formation mechanisms, and chemical reactions and transformations in different media (gas, water, and biological phases). Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere can degrade and transform HCBD and potentially form other toxic compounds, such as phosgene. Aerobic pyrolysis of HCBD can generate complex byproducts. Further research is essential to fully understand the environmental behavior of HCBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Wang C, Wang W, Liu X, Tang Y, Wang F, Li H, Wen M, Li G, An T. Aqueous VOCs in complex water environment of oil exploitation sites: Spatial distribution, migration flux, and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135121. [PMID: 38981233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pollution of the aqueous environment by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has caused increasing concerns. However, the occurrence and risks of aqueous VOCs in oil exploitation areas remain unclear. Herein, spatial distribution, migration flux, and environmental risks of VOCs in complex surface waters (including River, Estuary, Offshore and Aquaculture areas) were investigated at a typical coastal oil exploitation site. Among these surface waters, River was the most polluted area, and 1,2-Dichloropropane-which emerges from oil extraction activities-was the most prevalent VOC. Positive matrix factorization showed that VOCs pollution sources changed from oil exploitation to offshore disinfection activities along River, Estuary, Offshore and Aquaculture areas. Annual volatilization of VOCs to the atmosphere was predicted to be ∼34.42 tons, and rivers discharge ∼23.70 tons VOCs into the Bohai Sea annually. Ecological risk assessment indicated that Ethylbenzene and Bromochloromethane posed potential ecological risks to the aquatic environment, while olfactory assessment indicated that VOCs in surface waters did not pose an odor exposure risk. This study provides the first assessment of the pollution characteristics of aqueous VOCs in complex aqueous environments of oil exploitation sites, highlighting that oil exploitation activities can have nonnegligible impacts on VOCs pollution profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meicheng Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Li Z, Cao G, Qiu L, Chen X, Zhong L, Wang X, Xu H, Wang C, Fan L, Meng S, Chen J, Song C. Aquaculture activities influencing the generation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol: a case study in the aquaculture regions of Hongze Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4196-4208. [PMID: 38100023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by odor substances such as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) was examined in the cultured water from aquaculture farming in the region of the Hongze Lake in 2022, and some factors influencing residual levels of them in the water were analyzed. Geographically, high concentrations of GSM were located mainly in the north and northeast culture areas of the lake, while those of 2-MIB were found in the northeast and southwest. Analysis of the water in the enclosure culture revealed significant differences in the concentrations of GSM and 2-MIB among the cultured species. The mean concentrations of GSM in culture water were ranked in the order: crab > the four major Chinese carps > silver and bighead carp, and silver and bighead carp > crab > the four major Chinese carps for 2-MIB. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher at 38.99 ± 18.93 ng/L in crab culture water compared to other fish culture water. Significant differences were observed in GSM concentrations between crab enclosure culture and pond culture, while 2-MIB levels were comparable. These findings suggest that cultural management practices significantly affect the generation of odor substances. The taste and odor (T&O) assessment revealed that the residual levels of GSM and 2-MIB in most samples were below the odor threshold concentrations (OTCs), although high levels of GSM and 2-MIB in all water bodies were at 30.9% and 27.5%, respectively. Compared with the corresponding data from other places and the regulation guidelines of Japan, USA, and China, the region in the Hongze Lake is generally classified as a slightly T&O area, capable of supporting the aquaculture production scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Zhong
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 210017, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchi Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbo Wang
- Kunshan Fisheries Technology Extension Center, 215300, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Watson SB, Jüttner F. Isopropylthiol emission by bloom-forming Microcystis: Biochemistry, ecophysiology and semiochemistry of a volatile organosulfur compound. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 130:102527. [PMID: 38061818 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis species not only produce toxic cyanobacterial blooms, but can be a significant source of taste and odour. Previous studies have associated foul-smelling volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) with Microcystis blooms, but have largely attributed these compounds to bacterial bloom decomposition. However, earlier reports of the production of isopropylthio compounds by several Microcystis strains suggests that these cyanobacteria may themselves be a source of these VOSCs. Sulphur compounds have been shown to play important semiochemical roles in algal cell protection and grazer interactions in marine systems, but little is known about the production and chemical ecology of freshwater cyanobacterial VOSCs. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook the first detailed investigation of the biochemistry, ecophysiology and semiochemistry of these compounds and their production by Microcystis, and tested the hypothesis that they act as multifunctional semiochemicals in processes related to cell protection and grazer defence. Using short-term incubations and an adapted headspace-GC-MS technique, we investigated VOSC production by axenic and non-axenic strains, and verified that isopropylthio compounds are in fact produced by these cyanobacteria, identifying 5 isopropyl moiety-containing VOSCs (isopropylthiol (ISH), isopropylmethyl sulfide, isopropyl methyl disulfide, diisopropyl disulfide (ISSI) and diisopropyl trisulfide) as well as methanethiol in three strains. Further studies with the axenic strain Microcystis PCC 7806 using different light regimes, metabolic inhibitors (sodium azide, DCMU), the antioxidant enzyme catalase and stable labelled precursors (hydrogencarbonate, acetates and sulfate) demonstrated that ISH is a true exo-metabolite, synthesized via the acetate pathway. It is actively produced and continuously excreted by the cyanobacteria during growth, with minimal internal storage or post-lysis catalytic generation. The molar ratios of the redox pair ISH/ISSI are not directly involved in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains, but dependant on the redox state of the cell - likely mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by a marked effect of catalase. These results, along with toxicological and behavioural assays using the two aquatic invertebrates Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna indicate that ISH plays multiple important physiological and ecological roles. It acts as an effective antioxidant against high ROS levels, as often experienced in surface blooms, it elicits avoidance-related behavioural responses in grazer communities and at high levels, it can be toxic to some invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Watson
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Friedrich Jüttner
- Limnological Station, University of Zürich, Seestrasse 187, CH-8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
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5
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Development of interval transient pollution distribution model and its application in the Fenghuangshan drinking water source. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Exploration of Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Assessment of Organic Pollution Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater near a Chemical Plant That Discharged Sewage Illegally. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater plays a significant role in domestic use and agricultural irrigation in rural areas of northern China. The untreated wastewater from the chemical plant was directly discharged into a seepage well, resulting in the pollution of groundwater. Assessing characteristics of groundwater organic pollution and identifying evolutionary mechanisms of hydrogeochemistry are beneficial for groundwater protection and sustainable management. Statistical methods (correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA)) combined with hydrogeochemical methods including Piper, Gibbs, Gaillardet, and ions binary diagrams and the chloride alkalinity index were employed to explore hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolutionary mechanisms. The results showed that cations were predominantly located at the Ca2+ end and anions were mostly close to the SO42− and Cl− end. The ion concentrations of groundwater were mainly affected by water–rock interactions. The weathering or dissolution of silicate (i.e., aluminosilicate minerals), evaporite (i.e., halite and gypsum), carbonate minerals (i.e., calcite and dolomite), cation exchange, and anthropogenic activities contribute to the chemical compositions of groundwater. Based on CA and PCA, the dissolution of halide minerals and the use of pesticides and fertilizers were the main factors controlling water chemistry. Additionally, the dissolution of sulfur-bearing minerals and gypsum was the key factor controlling the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Application of mathematical statistical methods characterized that the exceedance rate of seven organic compounds with high detection rates were as follows: carbon tetrachloride (39.83%) > 1,1,2-trichloroethane (28.81%) > chloroform (10.17%) > trichloroethene (6.78%) > 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (5.93%) > perchloroethylene (5.08%) > trichlorofluoromethane (0.85%). Simultaneously, pollution under the influence of volatilization and diffusion was significantly less than that in the direction of groundwater runoff.
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Zhang K, Chang S, Fu Q, Sun X, Fan Y, Zhang M, Tu X, Qadeer A. Occurrence and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in multiple drinking water sources in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112741. [PMID: 34481355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely present in water environment, which can threaten ecological sustainability and human health. The concentrations of VOCs and their ecological risks in drinking water are of great concern to human beings. Therefore, 54 kinds of VOCs were investigated from 58 locations of the Yangtze River Delta Region (Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Huangpu River, Taihu Lake and Jiaxing Urban River). Out of 54 target compounds, only 31 VOCs were detected, with total concentrations ranging from 0.570 to 46.820 μg/L from 58 locations of all drinking water sources. Among all detected VOCs compounds, only toluene and styrene can cause high-level ecological risk at location TH-2 of Taihu Lake. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk index, compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane, bromodichloromethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane posed a higher carcinogenic risk, and 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene and toluene posed a higher non-carcinogenic risk. Olfactory risks of water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta region are negligible. Although the concentrations of VOCs in the Yangtze River Delta region did not exceed national standards in China and guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water, the presence of some ecological and health risks indicated that future monitoring studies and control practices are important to ensure ecological safety of drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Sheng Chang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Qing Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xingbin Sun
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yueting Fan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Moli Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xiang Tu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Lei R, Sun Y, Zhu S, Jia T, He Y, Deng J, Liu W. Investigation on Distribution and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Surface Water, Sediment, and Soil in a Chemical Industrial Park and Adjacent Area. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195988. [PMID: 34641531 PMCID: PMC8512396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrences, distributions, and risks of 55 target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water, sediment, sludge, and soil samples taken from a chemical industrial park and the adjacent area were investigated in this study. The Σ55-VOCs concentrations in the water, sediment, sludge, and soil samples were 1.22–5449.21 μg L−1, ND–52.20 ng g−1, 21.53 ng g−1, and ND–11.58 ng g−1, respectively. The main products in this park are medicines, pesticides, and novel materials. As for the species of VOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons were the dominant VOCs in the soil samples, whereas halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons were the dominant VOCs in the water samples. The VOCs concentrations in water samples collected at different locations varied by 1–3 orders of magnitude, and the average concentration in river water inside the park was obviously higher than that in river water outside the park. However, the risk quotients for most of the VOCs indicated a low risk to the relevant, sensitive aquatic organisms in the river water. The average VOCs concentration in soil from the park was slightly higher than that from the adjacent area. This result showed that the chemical industrial park had a limited impact on the surrounding soil, while the use of pesticides, incomplete combustion of coal and biomass, and automobile exhaust emissions are all potential sources of the VOCs in the environmental soil. The results of this study could be used to evaluate the effects of VOCs emitted from chemical production and transportation in the park on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (T.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62849356 (W.L.); Fax: +86-10-62923563 (Y.S.)
| | - Shuai Zhu
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China;
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (T.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchen He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (T.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinglin Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (T.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (R.L.); (T.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62849356 (W.L.); Fax: +86-10-62923563 (Y.S.)
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Zhou W, Li X, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Wei H, Peng C, Wang Z, Li G, Li D. Physiological and transcriptomic changes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos-larvae in response to 2-MIB exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126142. [PMID: 34492931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB), a natural odorous substance, is widely distributed in water environment, but there is a paucity of information concerning its systemic toxicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of 2-MIB exposure on developmental parameters, locomotive behavior, oxidative stress, apoptosis and transcriptome of zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 5 and 42.8 μg/L) of 2-MIB showed no changes in mortality, hatchability, and malformation rate, but the body length of zebrafish larvae was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, and accompanied by the changes of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis genes. Moreover, the swimming activity of zebrafish larvae increased, which may be due to the increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Meanwhile, 2-MIB caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae by altering the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial signaling pathways, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing assay showed that the phototransduction signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and most of the genes in this pathway exhibited enhanced expression after exposure to 2-MIB. These findings provide an important reference for risk assessment and early warning to 2-MIB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; College of Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chengrong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Genbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Occurrence, Potential Sources, and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Han River Basin, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073727. [PMID: 33918372 PMCID: PMC8038302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Increasing public awareness about the aesthetics and safety of water sources has shifted researchers’ attention to the adverse effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on humans and aquatic organisms. A total of 17 VOCs, including 10 volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and seven volatile non-halogenated hydrocarbons, were investigated at 36 sites of the Han River Basin, which is the largest and most important drinking water source for residents of the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi province in South Korea. The VOC concentrations ranged from below detection limits to 1.813 µg L−1. The most frequently detected VOC was 1,2-dichloropropane, with a detection frequency of 80.56%, as it is used as a soil fumigant, chemical intermediate, and industrial solvent. In terms of geographical trends, the sampling sites that were under the influence of sewage and industrial wastewater treatment plants were more polluted with VOCs than other areas. This observation was also supported by the results of the principal component analysis. In the present study, the detected concentrations of VOCs were much lower than that of the predicted no-effect concentrations, suggesting low ecological risk in the Han River. However, a lack of available ecotoxicity data and limited comparable studies warrants further studies on these compounds.
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WANG Y, ZHANG H, SHI J, JIANG G. [Research progress on analytical methods for the determination of hexachlorobutadiene]. Se Pu 2021; 39:46-56. [PMID: 34227358 PMCID: PMC9274838 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is one of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) listed in Annex A and Annex C of the Stockholm Convention in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Research on the sources, environmental occurrences, and biological effects of HCBD has a great significance in controlling this newly added POPs. Sensitive and credible methods for the determination of HCBD are preconditions and form the basis for related research work. In recent years, many researchers have included HCBD as one of the analytes in monitoring or methodological studies. Based on the results of these studies, this paper reviews the research progress on analytical methods for the determination of HCBD and focuses on sample pretreatment methods for the analysis of HCBD in various matrices such as air, water, soil, sewage sludge, and biological tissues. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are also compared to provide reference for further research in this field.For air samples, HCBD was usually collected by passing air through sorbent cartridges. Materials such as Tenax-TA, Carbosieve, Carbopack, Carboxen 1000, or their mixtures were used as the sorbent. HCBD was thermally desorbed and re-concentrated in a trap and finally transferred for instrumental analysis. Limits of detection (LODs) for HCBD in these methods were at the ng/m3 scale. Compared to sampling using pumps, passive air samplers (PAS) such as polyurethane foam PAS (PUF-PAS) do not require external power supply and are more convenient for sampling POPs in air at a large scale. The LOD of the sorbent-impregnated PUF PAS (SIP-PAS) method was much lower (0.03 pg/m3) than that of the PUF-PAS method (20 pg/m3). However, the sampling volumes in the SIP-PAS and PUF-PAS methods (-6 m3) calculated from the log KOA value of HCBD have significant uncertainty, and this must be confirmed in the future.For water samples, HCl or copper sulfate was added to the sample immediately after sampling to prevent any biological activities. HCBD can be extracted from water using methods such as the purge and trap method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, and solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Among these methods, SPE enabled the simultaneous extraction, purification, and concentration of trace HCBD in a single step. Recoveries of HCBD on Strata-X and Envi-Carb SPE cartridges (63%-64%) were higher than those on Envi-disk, Oasis HLB, and Strata-C18 cartridges (31%-46%). Drying is another key step for obtaining high recoveries of HCBD. Disk SPE involving the combination of a high-vacuum pump and a low-humidity atmosphere is an effective way to eliminate the residual water. In addition, a micro SPE method using functionalized polysulfone membranes as sorbents and employing ultrasonic desorption was developed for extracting HCBD from drinking water. The recovery of HCBD reached 102%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.5%.For solid samples such as dust, soil, sediment, sewage sludge, fly ash, and biota tissue, multiple pretreatment methods were used in combination, owing to the more complex matrix. Freeze or air drying, grinding, and sieving of samples were commonly carried out before the extraction. Soxhlet extraction is a typical extraction method for HCBD; however, it requires many organic reagents and is time consuming. The accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method requires a small amount of organic reagent, and the extraction can be performed rapidly. It was recently applied for the extraction of HCBD from solid samples under 10.34 MPa and at 100 ℃. Purification could be achieved simultaneously by mixing florisil materials with samples in the ASE pool. Nevertheless, employing the ASE methods widely is difficult because of their high costs. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) has the same extraction efficiency for HCBD, with much lower costs compared to ASE, and is therefore adopted by most researchers. The type of extraction solvent, solid-to-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, and power affect the extraction efficiency. Ultrasonic extraction at 30 ℃ and 200 W using 30 mL dichloromethane as the extraction solvent resulted in acceptable recoveries (64.0%-69.4%) of HCBD in 2 g fly ash. After extraction, a clean-up step is necessary for the extracts of solid samples. Column chromatography is frequently used for purification. The combined use of several columns or a multilayer column filled with florisil, silica gel, acid silica gel, or alumina can improve the elimination efficiency of interfering substances.Instrumental analysis for HCBD is mainly performed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer operating in selected ion monitoring mode. DB-5MS, HP-5MS, HP-1, ZB-5MS, and BP-5 can be used as the chromatographic columns. Qualification ions and quantification ions include m/z 225, 223, 260, 227, 190, and 188. GC-MS using an electron ionization (EI) source was more sensitive to HCBD than GC-MS using a positive chemical ionization source (PCI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (APCI). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), and high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) have recently been used for the separation and determination of HCBD and various other organic pollutants. Instrumental detection limits for HCBD in GC-MS/MS, GC-HRMS, and HRGC-HRMS were more than ten times lower than that in GC-MS, indicating the remarkable application potential of these high-performance instruments in HCBD analysis.
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Liu Y, Hao S, Zhao X, Li X, Qiao X, Dionysiou DD, Zheng B. Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the groundwater of Lanzhou City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3609-3622. [PMID: 32415402 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) typically exist in the aqueous environment due to global anthropogenic activities. The distribution and contaminated profile (or characteristics) of VOCs in the groundwater of Lanzhou, China, were investigated in this study. Groundwater samples were collected from 30 sampling points in December 2015, and a total of 17 VOCs were analyzed by purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thirteen types of VOCs were detected at 29 sampling points in the study area. Of these, dichloromethane and toluene, which were found at 22 sampling points, had the highest detection frequency (73.3%), followed by benzene (66.7%), 1,2-dichloroethane (50%), and xylenes (50%). The highest average concentration among the detected VOCs was found for chloroform (5151.5 μg/L). The spatial distribution of VOC contamination in four major urban areas of Lanzhou and the variation in VOC concentration caused by land use transitions were also analyzed. The results showed that Xigu district was the most polluted area in Lanzhou, mainly due to land use for industrial proposes. On the contrary, the samples for Anning district showed lower VOC concentrations because of better groundwater quality, which is associated with the absence of manufacturing industries in this region. The health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was employed in this study to evaluate safety for drinking water use. This study found that despite considering the volatilization of VOCs from water due to heating, six sampling points (G05 in Qilihe district; G07 and G09 in Xigu district; G16, G17, and G15 in Chengguan district) showed non-carcinogenic risks, ranging from 1.63 to 14.2, while three points (G16 in Chengguan district, and G10 and G07 in Xigu district) exhibited high carcinogenic risks for human health, ranging from 2.94 × 10-4 to 6.85 × 10-4. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethylene were identified as the dominant VOCs, presenting high non-carcinogenic risk. 1,2-dichloroethane and vinyl chloride were the primary factors for high carcinogenic risk. The high-risk areas were concentrated in Xigu and Chengguan districts, suggesting the need to alert the relevant local government departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuran Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaocui Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DChEE), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Binghui Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 10012, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Kong Q, Lei X, Zhang X, Cheng S, Xu C, Yang B, Yang X. The role of chlorine oxide radical (ClO •) in the degradation of polychoro-1,3-butadienes in UV/chlorine treatment: kinetics and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116056. [PMID: 32736270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychoro-1,3-butadienes (CBDs) were widely found in aqueous environment and resistant to conventional water treatment. In this study, the abatement of CBDs during UV/chlorine treatment was investigated. In comparison to UV irradiation alone, free chlorine addition brought benefits for the reduction of tetra-CBDs (TCBDs), but to lesser extent for penta-CBDs (PCBDs), and virtually no benefit for hexa-CBD (HCBD). At a UV dose of 128 mJ cm-2 and a chlorine dose of 10 mg L-1, about 71.7-97.8% CBDs were degraded by UV/chlorine treatment within 10 min. UV irradiation contributed 32.8%-97.6%, HO• contributed 2.6%-14.4%, and reactive chlorine species (RCS) contributed less than 0.5%-42.3% to CBDs degradation. The percentages of RCS contribution generally followed the order of TCBDs (except (Z,Z)-1,2,3,4-TCBD) > PCBDs > HCBD. The chlorine oxide radical (ClO•) was the dominant RCS contributing to the degradation of CBDs. The second-order reaction rate constants of ClO• with CBDs ( [Formula: see text] ) were at ∼ 107 M-1s-1 except (Z,Z)-1,2,3,4-TCBD and HCBD (<106 M-1s-1). [Formula: see text] generally decreased with increasing numbers of chlorine atoms and was also affected by the positions of chlorine atoms in CBDs. A distinct reaction pathway of ClO•, with (Z)-1,1,2,3,4-PCBD as a representative CBD, was proposed. Photoisomers of CBDs from Z or E configuration were observed at lower concentrations in UV/chlorine treatment than under UV irradiation alone due to the radical-involved oxidation, but more organic acids including oxalic acid were observed. In a natural water sample, UV/chlorine treatment also exhibited a good performance in abatement of TCBDs and PCBDs, but not in abatement of HCBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Zhao B, Huang F, Zhang C, Huang G, Xue Q, Liu F. Pollution characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in the groundwater of China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 233:103676. [PMID: 32599464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much of the world's groundwater supply has been contaminated by aromatic hydrocarbons originating from anthropogenic sources. To study the occurrence and distribution characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater, 24 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were selected: Five BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene), 10 alkyl-substituted benzene, and 9 halogenated aromatics. These aromatic hydrocarbons were then analyzed from 355 samples collected from across China. Results indicated that aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in 59 out of 355 samples. Of the selected aromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX compounds were detected with high frequency and at low concentrations; comparatively, halogenated aromatics were detected with low frequency and at high concentrations. The aromatic hydrocarbon characteristics found in both karst and pore groundwater samples were then determined using their respective hydrogeological conditions and corresponding human activities. In karst groundwater, BTEX compounds were the most frequently detected aromatic hydrocarbon. The high detection frequencies of aromatic hydrocarbons were caused by their rapid migration, owing to the developed conduit system in the sampled karst area. The low concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in karst groundwater samples were caused by low-intensity human activity along with special hydrogeological conditions with higher redox potential and the unique compositions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Alkyl-substituted aromatics and halogenated aromatics were detected at higher concentrations in pore groundwater, owing to high-intensity human activity. Aromatic hydrocarbon pollution was gradually decreased along piedmont-alluvial plain-coast line, owing to a decrease in aquifer vulnerability. These were positively correlated with the size of the aquifer's particles. Samples with a high accumulative concentration of these aromatic hydrocarbons tended to occur in pore groundwater with a high concentration of either SO42- or Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Guoxin Huang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
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15
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Chen J, Yi J, Ji Y, Zhao B, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Enhanced H-abstraction contribution for oxidation of xylenes via mineral particles: Implications for particulate matter formation and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109568. [PMID: 32344213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylenes are important aromatic hydrocarbons having broad industrial emissions and profound implication to air quality and human health. Generally, homogeneous atmospheric oxidation of xylenes is initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH) resulting in minor H-abstraction and major OH-addition pathways. However, the effect of mineral particles on the homogeneous atmospheric oxidation mechanism of xylenes is still not well understood. In the present study, the heterogeneous atmospheric oxidation of xylenes on mineral particles (TiO2) is examined in detail. Both the experimental data and theoretical calculations are combined to achieve the feast. The experimental results detected a major H-abstraction (≥87.18%) and minor OH-addition (≤12.82%) pathways for the OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of three xylenes on TiO2 under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Theoretical calculations demonstrated favorable H-abstraction on methyl group of xylenes by surface OH with large exothermic energies, because of the reason that their methyl group rather than the phenyl ring is more occupied by TiO2 via hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the particle monitor and acute risk assessment results indicated that the H-abstraction products significantly enhance the formation of particulate matter and health risk to human beings. Taken together, these results indicate that the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of xylenes is altered in the presence of mineral particles, highlighting the necessity to re-evaluate its implication in the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiajing Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baocong Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongpeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kong Q, Wang Y, Yang X. A Review on Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD): Sources, Occurrence, Toxicity and Transformation. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:1-7. [PMID: 31745598 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) is a persistent organic pollutant listed in Annex A and C of the Stockholm Convention. This review summarized the sources, occurrence, toxicity, and transformation of HCBD in the environment. HCBD had no natural sources, and anthropogenic sources made it frequently detected in environmental medium, generally at µg L- 1 and µg kg- 1 in water and soil (or organism) samples, respectively. HCBD posed reproductive, genetic, and potentially carcinogenic toxicity to organisms, threatening human health and the ecosystem. Upon biodegradation, photodegradation and physicochemical degradation processes, HCBD can be degraded to a different extent. Nevertheless, further studies should be focused on the potential emission sources and the impact of HCBD on human health and the environment. Additionally, exploring removal technologies based on advanced oxidation and reduction are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Zhang R, Qi F, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Kumirska J, Sun D. Cyanobacteria derived taste and odor characteristics in various lakes in China: Songhua Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:499-507. [PMID: 31229840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing eutrophication in large freshwater lakes, which are an important drinking water source for cities in China, have been resulted in substantial cyanobacteria blooms that could cause serious taste and odor (T&O) problems. In this investigation, three typical lakes (Songhua Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake) as drinking water sources located in different geographical areas in China, were selected to study the problems of cyanobacteria-derived T&O (i.e., 2-methylisobornoel, geosmin, β-ionone, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, and 2-methylbenzofuran). The occurrence of T&O in target lakes was compared across various nutrition states and geographic locations, to get more information for early warning for algal bloom and T&O occurrence, being useful lake water management and purification. Results show that the occurrence of T&O in Songhua Lake was the poorest for the lowest nutrient state, as a first report in T&O research field in China. This is a lake located in Northeast China at high latitude, with lower water temperatures. The occurrence of T&O in Chaohu Lake was ranked in the middle. That in Taihu Lake was the most intensive. Finally, the relationship between water quality, T&O and its origin was analyzed by multivariate statistical methods (correlation analysis, principal component, and cluster analyses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Qi
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zilong Song
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Poland
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Zhang H, Shen Y, Liu W, He Z, Fu J, Cai Z, Jiang G. A review of sources, environmental occurrences and human exposure risks of hexachlorobutadiene and its association with some other chlorinated organics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:831-840. [PMID: 31344544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) has increased since its listing in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2011. However, thorough reports on recent data regarding this topic are lacking. Moreover, potential associations between HCBD and some chlorinated organics have usually been ignored in previous research. In this review, possible formation pathways and sources, current environmental occurrences and human exposure risks of HCBD are discussed, as well as the association with several organochlorine compounds. The results reveal that unintentional production and emission from industrial activities and waste treatments are the main sources of HCBD. Similar precursors are found for HCBD and chlorobenzenes, indicating the presence of common sources. Although recent data indicates that levels of HCBD in the environment are generally low, risks from human exposure to HCBD, together with other pollutants, may be high. More attention in the future needs to be paid to the mixed contamination of HCBD and other pollutants from common sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiqiao He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Song M, Yu L, Song B, Meng F, Tang X. Alkali promoted the adsorption of toluene by adjusting the surface properties of lignin-derived carbon fibers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22284-22294. [PMID: 31152422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lignin-based carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning followed by stabilization, carbonization, and activation (i.e., steam activation, one-step KOH activation, and metal activation). The effect of carbonization temperature on prepared carbon fibers (CFs) was investigated. As a result, 800 °C is the most suitable carbonization temperature because the prepared carbon fibers possess greater specific surface area and pore volume. With the help of various characterization methods, the structural characteristics of the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) prepared by the three activation methods and the adsorption performance of toluene were compared. It was observed that the activated carbon fibers prepared by KOH one-step activation method (ACFK) exhibited higher specific surface area (1147.16 m2/g) and greater toluene adsorption (463 mg/g). Particularly, abundant microporous structures and surface functional groups play a vital role in the adsorption process. Further, the adsorption performance of toluene onto ACFK was further investigated in a gas-phase dynamic adsorption system and the results showed that ACFK has great potential application in adsorption of volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Bing Song
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xinhong Tang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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20
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Gao B, Gao L, Gao J, Xu D, Wang Q, Sun K. Simultaneous evaluations of occurrence and probabilistic human health risk associated with trace elements in typical drinking water sources from major river basins in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:139-146. [PMID: 30798224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is among the most important environmental issues related to sustainable development in China, especially to ensure national drinking water safety. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 19 trace elements in major drinking water sources from five major river basins in China: Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Huai River Basin, Hai River Basin, and Liao River Basin. Water quality, human health risk, and probabilistic health risk were evaluated using statistical analysis, as well as the water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient, hazard index (HI), carcinogenic risk (CR), and Monte-Carlo simulation. The distributions of the trace element concentrations differed somewhat among the five river basins. Regardless, the concentrations of all trace metals were within the permissible drinking water quality limits set by China, WHO, and US EPA and Chinese surface water standards (Grade I). Based on the low WQI values, all five river basins were categorized as having "excellent" water quality. In the non-carcinogenic risk assessment, the HI values for both adults and children were within the safe limit (<1.0), indicating no adverse health effects on the human body via daily oral intake and dermal absorption. By contrast, the CR values for As exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 × 10-6, with a higher risk for adults, via ingestion as the main exposure pathway. Sensitivity analysis identified exposure duration and ingestion rate as the most sensitive variables affecting the probabilistic risk for adults, while As concentration and exposure duration were the most sensitive variables for children. Overall, the findings indicate that As in drinking water may pose a detrimental health risk to the exposed population; therefore, regulation and management should focus on As monitoring and evaluation in the major river basins of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jijun Gao
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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21
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Kim SJ, Kwon HO, Lee MI, Seo Y, Choi SD. Spatial and temporal variations of volatile organic compounds using passive air samplers in the multi-industrial city of Ulsan, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5831-5841. [PMID: 30613884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The source-receptor relationship of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important environmental concern, particularly in large industrial cities; however, only a few studies have identified VOC sources using high spatial resolution data. In this study, 28 VOCs were monitored in Ulsan, the biggest multi-industrial city in Korea. Passive air samplers were seasonally deployed at eight urban and six industrial sites. The target compounds were detected at all sites. No significant seasonal variations of VOCs were observed probably due to the continuous emissions from major industrial facilities. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and styrene accounted for 66-86% of the concentration of Σ28 VOCs. The spatial distribution of the individual VOCs clearly indicated that petrochemical, automobile, non-ferrous, and shipbuilding industries were major VOC sources. Seasonal wind patterns were found to play a role in the spatial distribution of VOCs. Diagnostic ratios also confirmed that the industrial complexes were the dominant VOC sources. The results of principal component analysis and correlation analyses identified the influence of specific compounds from each industrial complex on individual sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the seasonal distribution of VOCs with high spatial resolution in a metropolitan industrial city in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ok Kwon
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-In Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Seo
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Qin P, Cao F, Lu S, Li L, Guo X, Zhao B, Wan Z, Bi B. Occurrence and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the surface water of Poyang Lake in March 2017. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22609-22617. [PMID: 35540627 PMCID: PMC9082334 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation into the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the surface water of Poyang Lake was conducted. The determination of 54 different kinds of VOCs was performed with a purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method at 28 sampling points. Twenty-two types of VOCs were detected; methylene chloride had the highest mean concentration of 708.19 ng L−1, followed by 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroform, with mean concentrations of 376.78 and 187.26 ng L−1, respectively. The distribution of VOCs in the areas of Poyang Lake from low to high was as follows: west and south < east and central; the highest ∑VOC concentration occurred at the sample site of Zhangsihe. The health risks of VOCs in Poyang Lake were also determined by calculating the cancer and non-cancer risk from the two exposure routes of ingestion and dermal adsorption. The results showed that VOCs have no carcinogenicity risk, while only methylene chloride has a certain carcinogenic risk to the human body. An investigation into the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the surface water of Poyang Lake was conducted.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Qin
- College of Water Sciences
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
| | - Fengmei Cao
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Research Centre of Lake Environment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- College of Water Sciences
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Water Sciences
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Research Centre of Lake Environment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
| | | | - Zhengfen Wan
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Research Centre of Lake Environment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
| | - Bin Bi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Research Centre of Lake Environment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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23
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Cao F, Qin P, Lu S, He Q, Wu F, Sun H, Wang L, Li L. Measurement of volatile organic compounds and associated risk assessments through ingestion and dermal routes in Dongjiang Lake, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:645-653. [PMID: 30243211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Dongjiang Lake of China. Twenty two kinds of VOCs were detected, and the major VOCs were alkene compounds. The total concentration of VOCs (∑VOCs) ranged from 2.93 to 4.69 µg/L, and none of the VOCs detected in Dongjiang Lake exceeded the concentration limits set in the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (GB5749-2006) or the National Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) of China. Risk quotients (RQ) model, Multimedia Environment Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS) and value of odor hazard index (OHI) were used to assess the ecological risk, lifetime carcinogenic risk and olfactory risk of VOCs in Dongjiang Lake, respectively. The RQtotal values varied from 3.95 × 10-3 to 0.34 and the RQ values for all the 22 detected VOCs in 12 sample locations of Dongjiang Lake were below 0.01, which means negligible risk to aquatic organisms. The cancerous and non-cancerous risk indices were in the range of 2.31 × 10-9-5.16 × 10-7 and 1.68 × 10-7-1.45 × 10-2, respectively. Bromodichloromethane and 1,1-dichloroethene were associated with the highest and lowest carcinogenic risks in all 12 sample locations. Results also demonstrated that the olfactory risk in Dongjiang Lake is negligible. These data suggest that the VOCs in Dongjiang Lake may not lead great ecological and health risks for organism and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Cao
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Pan Qin
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qi He
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linlin Li
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Research Centre of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100012, China
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24
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Fernandez-Gonzalez N, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA, Amils R, Sanz JL. Adaptation of granular sludge microbial communities to nitrate, sulfide, and/or p-cresol removal. Int Microbiol 2018; 22:305-316. [PMID: 30810994 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-00050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effluents from petroleum refineries contain a toxic mixture of sulfide, nitrogen, and phenolic compounds that require adequate treatment for their removal. Biological denitrification processes are a cost-effective option for the treatment of these effluents, but the knowledge on the microbial interactions in simultaneous sulfide and phenol oxidation in denitrifying reactors is still very limited. In this work, microbial community structure and macrostructure of granular biomass were studied in three denitrifying reactors treating a mixture of inorganic (sulfide) and organic (p-cresol) electron donors for their simultaneous removal. The differences in the available substrates resulted in different community assemblies that supported high removal efficiencies, indicating the community adaptation capacity to the fluctuating compositions of industrial effluents. The three reactors were dominated by nitrate reducing and denitrifying bacteria where Thiobacillus spp. were the prevalent denitrifying organisms. The toxicity and lack of adequate substrates caused the endogenous decay of the biomass, leading to release of organic matter that maintained a diverse although not very abundant group of heterotrophs. The endogenous digestion of the granules caused the degradation of its macrostructure, which should be considered to further develop the denitrification process in sulfur-based granular reactors for treatment of industrial wastewater with toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - James A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Fu L, Lu X, Tan J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Chen J. Bioaccumulation and human health risks of OCPs and PCBs in freshwater products of Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1527-1534. [PMID: 30144726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in freshwater products from Northeast China were investigated by gas chromatography coupled to isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry. All samples were on-spot sampled from main production regions of freshwater products in Northeast China, and these samples were used to systematically assess the potential health risks of OCPs and PCBs associated with consumption of these fishery products. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and PCBs were the major pollutants with 100% detection rates, and their levels ranged from 0.086 to 58, 0.038-3.3, 0.093-4.5 and 0.032-1.4 ng g-1 wet weight, respectively. The estimated dietary intakes of these contaminants were all below their corresponding acceptable daily intakes. Significant regional differences in the levels of OCPs and PCBs (P ≦ 0.001) were found in samples from Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the concentrations of targeted contaminants in aquatic products had species-specific characteristics, and the levels of targeted pollutants in Oncorhynchus mykiss and Eriocheir sienesis were significantly higher than those in other aquatic product species. Advisories on ten species of aquatic products suggested that consumption of Eriocheir sinensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Cyprinus carpio at a rate exceeding 15 meals per month would pose a cancer risk. A health risk assessment indicated that exposure to these pollutants through freshwater products consumption would cause a non-ignorable potential carcinogenic risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbo Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jun Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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26
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Škrbić BD, Kadokami K, Antić I. Survey on the micro-pollutants presence in surface water system of northern Serbia and environmental and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:130-140. [PMID: 29886389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the occurrence of 940 organic micro-pollutants in surface water of four rivers, one irrigation canal system, and two lakes in Vojvodina Province, the northern part of Serbia, summing in total eighteen samples. The number of detected chemicals ranged from 22 to 84, with 127 micro-pollutants detected at least once, representing 13% of the studied substances. The targeted compounds include n-alkanes, sterols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, etc. Among the analysed compounds, sterols were the most dominant with maximum quantified concentrations. The substances which were quantified with frequency over 50% were two PAHs (2-methylnaphthalene, benzo(ghi)perylene), five sterols (cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmasterol, fucosterol, beta-sitosterol), three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (L-menthol, diethyltoluamide, caffeine), and ten household chemicals (4-tert-octylphenol, dimethyl phthalate, methyl palmitate, phenylethyl alcohol, 1-nonanol, alpha-terpineol, 2-phenoxy-ethanol, methyl myristate, acetophenone, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol). The list of priority substances under the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU includes 49 priority substances (PSs) out of which 34 were analysed. Among these, eleven PSs were quantified, and only two compounds (fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene) exceeded EU Environmental Quality Standards targeted values. The obtained results were compared with the previously published data that dealt with the same targeted number of micro-pollutants in sediment samples. This revealed connections between the same sampling locations. Environmental risk assessment showed the existence of potential ecological risk as 72% of the obtained values for the ecological hazard index (HI) at investigated locations were higher that the targeted value (HI > 1). Estimated values for hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for non-carcinogenic risk were lower than the targeted value, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk through dermal contact and non-intentional ingestion of water. Estimated values for cancer risk were all below 1 × 10-6, which is not considered to pose significant human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana D Škrbić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Igor Antić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory for Chemical Contaminants and Sustainable Development, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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27
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Wang L, Bie P, Zhang J. Estimates of unintentional production and emission of hexachlorobutadiene from 1992 to 2016 in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:204-212. [PMID: 29554568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) has been listed as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) under Annexes A and C of the Stockholm Convention, information about its unintentional production and emission is still very limited. We estimated the historical unintentional production and emission of HCBD during 1992-2016 in China based on aggregated activity data and emission functions. The unintentional production of HCBD increased from 60.8 (95% confidence interval, 38.2-88.5) MT/yr to 2871.5 (2234.2-3530.0) MT/yr during 1992-2016, representing an average annual growth rate of 17.4%. The main unintentional source of HCBD changed from carbon tetrachloride to trichloroethylene production during this period. We estimated that China's cumulative emissions of HCBD were 8211.3 (6131.5-10,579.5) MT during the same period. HCBD consumption and the chlorinated hydrocarbon production sector were the major contributors to total HCBD emissions. Owing to the long-range transport capability of HCBD (8784 km), such high emissions in China may cause adverse effects in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pengju Bie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Ma XY, Li Q, Wang XC, Wang Y, Wang D, Ngo HH. Micropollutants removal and health risk reduction in a water reclamation and ecological reuse system. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 138:272-281. [PMID: 29614455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As reclaimed water use is increasing, its safety attracts growing attention, particularly with respect to the health risks associated with the wide range of micropollutants found in the reclaimed water. In this study, sophisticated analysis was conducted for water samples from a water reclamation and ecological reuse system where domestic wastewater was treated using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic unit followed by a membrane bioreactor (A2O-MBR), and the reclaimed water was used for replenishing a landscape lake. A total of 58 organic micropollutants were detected in the system, consisting of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 16 phenols, 3 pesticides, and 26 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). After treatment by the A2O-MBR process, effective removal of pesticides and phenols was achieved, while when the reclaimed water entered the landscape lake, PPCPs were further removed. From the physicochemical properties of micropollutants, it could be inferred that phenols and dichlorphos (the only pesticide with considerable concentration in the influent) would have been mainly removed by biodegradation and/or volatilization in the biological treatment process. Additionally, it is probable that sludge adsorption also contributed to the removal of dichlorphos. For the predominant PPCP removal in the landscape lake, various actions, such as adsorption, biodegradation, photolysis, and ecologically mediated processes (via aquatic plants and animals), would have played significant roles. However, according to their logKoc, logKow and logD (pH = 8) values, it could be concluded that adsorption by suspended solids might be an important action. Although carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with all the detected micropollutants were at negligible levels, the hazard quotients (HQs) of PPCPs accounted for 92.03%-97.23% of the HQTotal. With the significant removal of PPCPs through the ecological processes in the landscape lake, the safety of reclaimed water use could be improved. Therefore, the introduction of ecological unit into the water reclamation and reuse system could be an effective measure for health risk reduction posed by micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Ma
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China.
| | - Yongkun Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Golfinopoulos SK, Nikolaou AD, Thomaidis NS, Kotrikla AM, Vagi MC, Petsas AS, Lekkas DF, Lekkas TD. Determination of the priority substances regulated by 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC Directives in the surface waters supplying water treatment plants of Athens, Greece. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:378-384. [PMID: 27973987 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1262600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An investigation into the occurrence of priority substances regulated by 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive and 2008/105/EC Directive was conducted for a period of one year in the surface water sources supplying the water treatment plants (WTPs) of Athens and in the raw water of WTPs. Samples from four reservoirs and four water treatment plants of Athens were taken seasonally. The substances are divided into seven specific groups, including eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs), diethylhexylphthalate, four organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), three organophosphorus/organonitrogen pesticides (OPPs/ONPs), four triazines and phenylurea herbicides, pentachlorophenol, and four metals. The aforementioned substances belong to different chemical categories, and different analytical methods were performed for their determination. The results showed that the surface waters that feed the WTPs of Athens are not burdened with significant levels of toxic substances identified as European Union (EU) priority substances. Atrazine, hexachlorocyclohexane, endosulfan, trifluralin, anthracene and 4-nonylphenol were occasionally observed at very low concentrations. Their presence in a limited number of cases could be attributed to waste disposal, agricultural activities, and to a limited industrial activity in the area nearby the water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros K Golfinopoulos
- a Department of Financial and Management Engineering , University of Aegean , Chios , Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- c Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Anna Maria Kotrikla
- d Department of Shipping Trade and Transport , University of Aegean , Chios , Greece
| | - Maria C Vagi
- b Department of Marine Sciences , University of Aegean , Mytilene , Greece
| | - Andreas S Petsas
- e Department of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Aegean , Lemnos , Greece
| | - Demetris F Lekkas
- f Department of Environment , University of Aegean , Mytilene , Greece
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Singh P, Ojha A, Borthakur A, Singh R, Lahiry D, Tiwary D, Mishra PK. Emerging trends in photodegradation of petrochemical wastes: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22340-22364. [PMID: 27566154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various human activities like mining and extraction of mineral oils have been used for the modernization of society and well-beings. However, the by-products such as petrochemical wastes generated from such industries are carcinogenic and toxic, which had increased environmental pollution and risks to human health several folds. Various methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to degrade these pollutants from wastewater. Advance oxidation processes (AOPs) are evolving techniques for efficient sequestration of chemically stable and less biodegradable organic pollutants. In the present review, photocatalytic degradation of petrochemical wastes containing monoaromatic and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied using various heterogeneous photocatalysts (such as TiO2, ZnO and CdS. The present article seeks to offer a scientific and technical overview of the current trend in the use of the photocatalyst for remediation and degradation of petrochemical waste depending upon the recent advances in photodegradation of petrochemical research using bibliometric analysis. We further outlined the effect of various heterogeneous catalysts and their ecotoxicity, various degradation pathways of petrochemical wastes, the key regulatory parameters and the reactors used. A critical analysis of the available literature revealed that TiO2 is widely reported in the degradation processes along with other semiconductors/nanomaterials in visible and UV light irradiation. Further, various degradation studies have been carried out at laboratory scale in the presence of UV light. However, further elaborative research is needed for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to pilot-scale operation and to develop environmental friendly catalysts which support the sustainable treatment technology with the "zero concept" of industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop more effective methods which consume less energy and are more efficient in pilot scale for the demineralization of pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110068, India.
| | - Ankita Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anwesha Borthakur
- Centre for Studies in Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - D Lahiry
- Rajghat Education Centre, KFI, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dhanesh Tiwary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
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31
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Phetxumphou K, Dietrich AM, Shanaiah N, Smiley E, Gallagher DL. Subtleties of human exposure and response to chemical mixtures from spills. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:618-626. [PMID: 27131822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, chemical spills degrade drinking water quality and threaten human health through ingestion and inhalation. Spills are often mixtures of chemicals; thus, understanding the interaction of chemical and biological properties of the major and minor components is critical to assessing human exposure. The crude (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (MCHM) spill provides an opportunity to assess such subtleties. This research determined the relative amounts, volatilization, and biological odor properties of minor components cis- and trans-methyl-4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate (MMCHC) isomers and major components cis- and trans-4-MCHM, then compared properties and human exposure differences among them. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and chromatography revealed that the minor MMCHC isomers were about 1% of the major MCHM isomers. At typical showering temperature of 40 °C, Henry's law constants were 1.50 × 10(-2) and 2.23 × 10(-2) for cis- and trans-MMCHC, respectively, which is 20-50 fold higher than for 4-MCHM isomers. The odor thresholds were 1.83 and 0.02 ppb-v air for cis- and trans-MMCHC, which were both described as predominantly sweet. These data are compared to the higher 120 ppb-v air and 0.06 ppb-v odor thresholds for cis- and trans-4-MCHM, for which the trans-isomer had a dominant licorice descriptor. Application of a shower model demonstrated that while MMCHC isomers are only about 1% of the MCHM isomers, during showering, the MMCHC isomers are 13.8% by volume (16.3% by mass) because of their higher volatility. Trans-4-MCHM contributed about 82% of the odor because of higher volatility and lower odor threshold, trans-MMCHC, which represents 0.3% of the mass, contributed 18% of the odor. This study, with its unique human sensory component to assess exposure, reaffirmed that hazard assessment must not be based solely on relative concentration, but also consider the chemical fate, transport, and biological properties to determine the actual levels of exposure across different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Phetxumphou
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 413 Durham Hall, MC0246, 1145 Perry Street, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 413 Durham Hall, MC0246, 1145 Perry Street, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth Smiley
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 413 Durham Hall, MC0246, 1145 Perry Street, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, 413 Durham Hall, MC0246, 1145 Perry Street, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Xu B, Kumirska J, Qi F. Occurrence of earthy–musty taste and odors in the Taihu Lake, China: spatial and seasonal patterns. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of earthy–musty T&O in the Taihu Lake evaluated in 2009/2010 and the main contributors are β-ionone, β-cyclocitral, IPMP and IBMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Department of Environmental Analysis
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Fei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
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Xue B, Sun L, Huang Z, Gao W, Fan R, Cheng P, Ding L, Ma L, Zhou Z. A hand-portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Analyst 2016; 141:5535-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hand-portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer (DLIT-MS) has been developed for VOC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Security and Pollution Control
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Security and Pollution Control
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Security and Pollution Control
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Li Ding
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Security and Pollution Control
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment Security and Pollution Control
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Song H, Huang B, Ye BC, Li Y. Nanoporous gold leaf as a signal amplification agent for the detection of VOCs with a quartz crystal microbalance. Analyst 2016; 141:4625-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel sensing framework coupling nanoporous gold leaf (NPGL) and sensitive materials on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was developed for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resoures of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resoures of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Han Song
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resoures of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Bintong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resoures of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832003
- China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resoures of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmacy
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
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