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Abu Ahmad W, Nirel R, Barges S, Jolles M, Levine H. Meta-analysis of fine particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth weight: Exploring sources of heterogeneity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173205. [PMID: 38754513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several meta-analyses assessed the relationship between exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth weight (BW), but results were inconsistent and substantial unexplained heterogeneity was reported. We aimed to investigate the above association and to explore sources of heterogeneity across studies. METHODS We systematically reviewed the current worldwide evidence examining the association between PM2.5 and BW. The review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (CRD42020188996) and followed PRISMA guidelines. We extracted association measures for BW and low birth weight (LBW, BW < 2500 g) from each study to evaluate pooled summary measures and to explore sources of between-study heterogeneity. FINDINGS Of the 2677 articles identified, 84 met the inclusion criteria (~42 M births). Our random effects meta-analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity among included studies (I2 = 98.4 % and I2 = 77.7 %, for BW and LBW respectively). For LBW, the heterogeneity decreased (I2 = 59.7 %) after excluding four outlying studies, with a pooled odds ratio 1.07 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.05, 1.09) per a 10-μg/m3 increase in mean PM2.5 exposure over the entire pregnancy. Further subgroup analysis revealed geographic heterogeneity with higher association in Europe (1.34, (1.16, 1.55)) compared to Asia (1.06, (1.03, 1.10)) and US (1.07, (1.04, 1.10)). CONCLUSION The association between PM2.5 and birth weight varied depending on several factors. The sources of heterogeneity between studies included modifiers such as study region and period. Hence, it is advisable not to pool summary measures of PM2.5-BW associations and that policy would be informed by local evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ronit Nirel
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saleh Barges
- Community Medical Services Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Jolles
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Rahnemaei FA, Aghapour E, Asgharpoor H, Ardabili NS, Kashani ZA, Abdi F. Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of fetal overgrowth: Systematic review of cohort studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116526. [PMID: 38823346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal overgrowth has detrimental effects on both the mother and the fetus. The global issue of ambient air pollution has been found to contribute to fetal overgrowth through various pathways. This study aimed to identify the association between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of fetal overgrowth. METHODS We identified articles between January 2013 and February 2024 by searching the Web of Sciences(WoS), PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. This review was provided based on the PRISMA guideline and registered with PROSPERO, "CRD42023488936". RESULTS The search generated 1719 studies, of which 22 cohort studies were included involving 3,480,041 participants. Results on the effects of air pollutants on fetal overgrowth are inconsistent because they vary in population and geographic region. But in general, the results indicate that prenatal exposure to air pollutants, specifically PM2.5, NO2, and SO2, is linked to a higher likelihood of fetal overgrowth(macrosomia and large for gestational age). Nevertheless, the relationship between CO and O3 pollution and fetal overgrowth remains uncertain. Furthermore, PM10 has a limited effect on fetal overgrowth. It is essential to consider the time that reproductive-age women are exposed to air pollution. Exposure to air pollutants before conception and throughout pregnancy has a substantial impact on the fetus's vulnerability to overgrowth. CONCLUSIONS Fetal overgrowth has implications for the health of both mother and fetus. fetal overgrowth can cause cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases in adulthood, so it is considered an important issue for the health of the future generation. Contrary to popular belief that air pollution leads to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight, this study highlights that one of the adverse consequences of air pollution is macrosomia or LGA during pregnancy. Therefore governments must focus on implementing initiatives that aim to reduce pregnant women's exposure to ambient air pollution to ensure the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alsadat Rahnemaei
- Mother and Child Welfare Research Center,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Aghapour
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homeira Asgharpoor
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Enyew HD, Hailu AB, Mereta ST. Effect of a chimney-fitted improved stove on pregnancy outcomes in Northwest Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:192. [PMID: 38475748 PMCID: PMC10936082 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to household air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Improved stove was implemented in Ethiopia to reduce this exposure and related health problems. However, the effects of improved stove interventions on pregnancy outcomes remains uncertain. METHOD Individually randomized stove replacement trial was conducted among 422 households in six low-income rural kebeles of Northwestern Ethiopia. Pregnant women without known health conditions were recruited at ≤ 24 weeks gestation and randomized to an intervention or control group with a 1:1 ratio. A baseline survey was collected and a balance test was done. Two-sided independent samples t-test for continuous outcomes and chi-square for categorical variables were used to compare the effect of the intervention between the groups. Mean differences with 95% CIs were calculated and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT In this study, the mean birth weight was 3065 g (SD = 453) among the intervention group and not statistically different from 2995 g (SD = 541) of control group. After adjusting for covariates, infants born from intervention group weighed 55 g more [95% CI: - 43 to 170) than infants born from the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.274). The respective percentages for low birth weight were 8% and 10.3% for intervention and control groups respectively (P = 0.346). However, the average gestational age at delivery was higher among improved stove users (38 weeks (SD = 8.2) compared to control groups 36.5 weeks (SD = 9.6) with statistically significant difference at 0.91 weeks (95% CI: 0.52 to 1.30 weeks, p < 0.001). The corresponding difference in risk ratio for preterm birth is 0.94 (95% CI:0.92 to 0.97; p < 0.001). The percentages for maternal complications, stillbirth, and miscarriage in the intervention group were not statistically different from the control group. CONCLUSIONS While the increase in average birth weight among babies born to mothers using improved stoves was not statistically significant, babies had a longer gestational age on average, offering valuable health benefits. However, the study didn't find a significant impact on other pregnancy outcomes like stillbirth, miscarriage, or maternal complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry website under the code PACTR202111534227089, ( https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/ (Identifier). The first trial registration date was (11/11/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Demelash Enyew
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebe Beyene Hailu
- Institution of Health, Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Institution of Health, Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Tran H, Polka E, Buonocore JJ, Roy A, Trask B, Hull H, Arunachalam S. Air Quality and Health Impacts of Onshore Oil and Gas Flaring and Venting Activities Estimated Using Refined Satellite-Based Emissions. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000938. [PMID: 38449816 PMCID: PMC10916426 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Emissions from flaring and venting (FV) in oil and gas (O&G) production are difficult to quantify due to their intermittent activities and lack of adequate monitoring and reporting. Given their potentially significant contribution to total emissions from the O&G sector in the United States, we estimate emissions from FV using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite satellite observations and state/local reported data on flared gas volume. These refined estimates are higher than those reported in the National Emission Inventory: by up to 15 times for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), two times for sulfur dioxides, and 22% higher for nitrogen oxides (NOx). Annual average contributions of FV to ozone (O3), NO2, and PM2.5 in the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) are less than 0.15%, but significant contributions of up to 60% are found in O&G fields with FV. FV contributions are higher in winter than in summer months for O3 and PM2.5; an inverse behavior is found for NO2. Nitrate aerosol contributions to PM2.5 are highest in the Denver basin whereas in the Permian and Bakken basins, sulfate and elemental carbon aerosols are the major contributors. Over four simulated months in 2016 for the entire CONUS, FV contributes 210 additional instances of exceedances to the daily maximum 8-hr average O3 and has negligible contributions to exceedance of NO2 and PM2.5, given the current form of the national ambient air quality standards. FV emissions are found to cause over $7.4 billion in health damages, 710 premature deaths, and 73,000 asthma exacerbations among children annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Tran
- Institute for the EnvironmentThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Erin Polka
- Department of Environmental HealthBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Jonathan J. Buonocore
- Department of Environmental HealthBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Ananya Roy
- Environmental Defense FundWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Beth Trask
- Environmental Defense FundWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Saravanan Arunachalam
- Institute for the EnvironmentThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Xu Y, O'Sharkey K, Cabison J, Rosales M, Chavez T, Johnson M, Yang T, Cho SH, Chartier R, Grubbs B, Lurvey N, Lerner D, Lurmann F, Farzan S, Bastain TM, Breton C, Wilson JP, Habre R. Sources of personal PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy in the MADRES cohort. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00648-z. [PMID: 38326532 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is impacted by different sources each with different chemical composition. Determining these sources is important for reducing personal exposure and its health risks especially during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE Identify main sources and their contributions to the personal PM2.5 exposure in 213 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy in Los Angeles, CA. METHODS We measured 48-hr integrated personal PM2.5 exposure and analyzed filters for PM2.5 mass, elemental composition, and optical carbon fractions. We used the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model to resolve and quantify the major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure. We then investigated bivariate relationships between sources, time-activity patterns, and environmental exposures in activity spaces and residential neighborhoods to further understand sources. RESULTS Mean personal PM2.5 mass concentration was 22.3 (SD = 16.6) μg/m3. Twenty-five species and PM2.5 mass were used in PMF with a final R2 of 0.48. We identified six sources (with major species in profiles and % contribution to PM2.5 mass) as follows: secondhand smoking (SHS) (brown carbon, environmental tobacco smoke; 65.3%), fuel oil (nickel, vanadium; 11.7%), crustal (aluminum, calcium, silicon; 11.5%), fresh sea salt (sodium, chlorine; 4.7%), aged sea salt (sodium, magnesium, sulfur; 4.3%), and traffic (black carbon, zinc; 2.6%). SHS was significantly greater in apartments compared to houses. Crustal source was correlated with more occupants in the household. Aged sea salt increased with temperature and outdoor ozone, while fresh sea salt was highest on days with westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean. Traffic was positively correlated with ambient NO2 and traffic-related NOx at residence. Overall, 76.8% of personal PM2.5 mass came from indoor or personal compared to outdoor sources. IMPACT We conducted source apportionment of personal PM2.5 samples in pregnancy in Los Angeles, CA. Among identified sources, secondhand smoking contributed the most to the personal exposure. In addition, traffic, crustal, fuel oil, fresh and aged sea salt sources were also identified as main sources. Traffic sources contained markers of combustion and non-exhaust wear emissions. Crustal source was correlated with more occupants in the household. Aged sea salt source increased with temperature and outdoor ozone and fresh sea salt source was highest on days with westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Karl O'Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shohreh Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, and Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shi TS, Ma HP, Li DH, Pan L, Wang TR, Li R, Ren XW. Prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 components and the risk of different types of preterm birth and the mediating effect of pregnancy complications: a cohort study. Public Health 2024; 227:202-209. [PMID: 38241901 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal the single and mixed associations of PM2.5 and its components with very, moderately, and late preterm births and to explore the potential mediating role of pregnancy complications in PM2.5-induced preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. METHODS We enrolled 168,852 mothers and matched the concentrations of PM2.5 and its five components (OM, SO42-, BC, NO3-, and NH4+) based on their geographical location. Next, we used generalized linear models, quantile g-computation, and mediation analysis to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 and its components with very, moderately, and late preterm births and the mediating role of pregnancy complications. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its components was associated with preterm birth, and the association was strongest in the third trimester. Preterm birth was associated with co-exposure to a mixture of PM2.5 components in the third trimester, and the contributions of NO3-, NH4+, and BC to the risk of preterm birth were positive. Meanwhile, pregnancy complications mediated PM2.5-induced preterm birth. Moreover, very and moderately preterm births were associated with PM2.5 and its components in the second and third trimesters, and very and late preterm births were associated with co-exposure to a mixture of PM2.5 components in the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS Later exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy will cause earlier preterm birth. Targeted and positive interventions for anthropogenic sources of specific PM2.5 components and pregnancy complications are helpful for preterm birth prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Shi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - H P Ma
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - D H Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Pan
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - T R Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - R Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X W Ren
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Fuentes-Quiroz A, Herrera H, Alvarado R, Rabert C, Arriagada C, Valadares RBDS. Functional differences of cultivable leaf-associated microorganisms in the native Andean tree Gevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) exposed to atmospheric contamination. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae041. [PMID: 38364303 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate and describe the functional differences of cultivable bacteria and fungi inhabiting the leaves of Gevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) in an urban area with high levels of air pollution and in a native forest in the southern Andes. METHODS AND RESULTS Phyllosphere microorganisms were isolated from the leaves of G. avellana, their plant growth-promoting capabilities were estimated along with their biocontrol potential and tolerance to metal(loid)s. Notably, plants from the urban area showed contrasting culturable leaf-associated microorganisms compared to those from the native area. The tolerance to metal(loid)s in bacteria range from 15 to 450 mg l-1 of metal(loid)s, while fungal strains showed tolerance from 15 to 625 mg l-1, being especially higher in the isolates from the urban area. Notably, the bacterial strain Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and the fungal strain Cladosporium sp. exhibited several plant-growth-promoting properties along with the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides evidence that culturable taxa in G. avellana leaves is directly influenced by the sampling area. This change is likely due to the presence of atmospheric pollutants and diverse microbial symbionts that can be horizontally acquired from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fuentes-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Roxana Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudia Rabert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 01090, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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O'Sharkey K, Xu Y, Cabison J, Rosales M, Yang T, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Corral CMT, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Habre R. Effects of in-utero personal exposure to PM 2.5 sources and components on birthweight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21987. [PMID: 38081912 PMCID: PMC10713978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-h personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions evaluated the association between personal PM2.5 sources/components and birthweight, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, race, infant sex, parity, diabetes status, temperature, maternal education, and smoking history. Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3295.8 g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) µg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI - 197.7, - 0.6), and aged sea salt was associated with a 70.1 g decrease in birthweight (95% CI - 141.7, 1.4). Magnesium, sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O'Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | | | | | - Claudia M Toledo Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mork D, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf M, Coull BA, Wilson A. Heterogeneous Distributed Lag Models to Estimate Personalized Effects of Maternal Exposures to Air Pollution. J Am Stat Assoc 2023; 119:14-26. [PMID: 38835505 PMCID: PMC11147136 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2023.2258595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Children's health studies support an association between maternal environmental exposures and children's birth outcomes. A common goal is to identify critical windows of susceptibility-periods during gestation with increased association between maternal exposures and a future outcome. The timing of the critical windows and magnitude of the associations are likely heterogeneous across different levels of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Using an administrative Colorado birth cohort we estimate the individualized relationship between weekly exposures to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) during gestation and birth weight. To achieve this goal, we propose a statistical learning method combining distributed lag models and Bayesian additive regression trees to estimate critical windows at the individual level and identify characteristics that induce heterogeneity from a high-dimensional set of potential modifying factors. We find evidence of heterogeneity in the PM 2.5 -birth weight relationship, with some mother-child dyads showing a 3 times larger decrease in birth weight for an IQR increase in exposure (5.9 to 8.5 PM 2.5 μg/m3) compared to the population average. Specifically, we find increased vulnerabilitity for non-Hispanic mothers who are either younger, have higher body mass index or lower educational attainment. Our case study is the first precision health study of critical windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mork
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - Marc Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University
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Chaudhary E, George F, Saji A, Dey S, Ghosh S, Thomas T, Kurpad AV, Sharma S, Singh N, Agarwal S, Mehta U. Cumulative effect of PM 2.5 components is larger than the effect of PM 2.5 mass on child health in India. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6955. [PMID: 37907499 PMCID: PMC10618175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While studies on ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure effect on child health are available, the differential effects, if any, of exposure to PM2.5 species are unexplored in lower and middle-income countries. Using multiple logistic regression, we showed that for every 10 μg m-3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, anaemia, acute respiratory infection, and low birth weight prevalence increase by 10% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 9-11), 11% (8-13), and 5% (4-6), respectively, among children in India. NO3-, elemental carbon, and NH4+ were more associated with the three health outcomes than other PM2.5 species. We found that the total PM2.5 mass as a surrogate marker for air pollution exposure could substantially underestimate the true composite impact of different components of PM2.5. Our findings provide key indigenous evidence to prioritize control strategies for reducing exposure to more toxic species for greater child health benefits in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Chaudhary
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Franciosalgeo George
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Population Health, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Aswathi Saji
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Population Health, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
- Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India.
- School of Public Policy, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Nimish Singh
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- TERI, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- TERI, New Delhi, India
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Unnati Mehta
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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11
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Song S, Gao Z, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chang H, Zhang J, Yu Z, Huang C, Zhang H. Ambient fine particulate matter and pregnancy outcomes: An umbrella review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116652. [PMID: 37451569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The available evidence on the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pregnancy outcomes (birth outcomes and pregnancy complications) has increased substantially. The purpose of this umbrella review is to refine the evidence of the association between birth outcome (birth defects) and PM2.5; and summarize the credibility of existing research on the association between pregnancy complications and PM2.5. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses up to March 16, 2022 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Two independent investigators conducted data extraction. AMSTAR 2 and GRADE assessment criteria were used to evaluate the methodological and evidence quality. We performed subgroup analyses by trimesters of pregnancy. The review protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022325550). This umbrella review identified a total of 41 systematic reviews, including 28 articles evaluating the influence of PM2.5 on birth outcomes and 13 on pregnancy complications. Positive associations between perinatal PM2.5 exposure and adverse birth outcomes were found, including low birth weight, preterm birth, stillbirth, small for gestational age, and birth defects. Pregnant women exposed to PM2.5 had a significantly higher risk of developing hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. The findings of subgroup analysis demonstrated that the effects of ambient PM2.5 exposure on pregnancy outcomes varied by trimesters. The findings of this extensive umbrella review provide convincing proof that exposure to ambient PM2.5 raises the risks of unfavorable birth outcomes and pregnancy complications. Some associations show considerable disparity between trimesters. These findings have implications for strengthen perinatal health care on air pollution and improving intergenerational equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaixing Song
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
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12
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Wang W, Mu S, Yan W, Ke N, Cheng H, Ding R. Prenatal PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: evidence from meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106145-106197. [PMID: 37723397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are a significant cause of fetal death. A wide range of maternal psychological, social, and environmental factors may contribute to these outcomes. Mounting epidemiological studies have indicated that PM2.5 may result in these unfavorable consequences. Previously published meta-analyses have been updated and extended. Cohort studies were searched from three databases (up to July 24, 2023), and their quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Publication bias was examined by Egger's test and funnel plot. Despite a large number of studies showing similar results, the inconsistencies between these findings require careful generalization before concluding. This meta-analysis included 67 cohort studies from 20 countries, and the findings revealed that maternal PM2.5 exposure and five APOs were correlated significantly throughout pregnancy: preterm birth (PTB) (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.07); low birth weight (LBW) (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); small for gestational age (SGA) (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04); stillbirth (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.45); and change in birthweight (weight change = -6.82 g; 95% CI: -11.39, -2.25). A positive association was found between APOs and PM2.5 exposure in this meta-analysis, and the degree of increased risk of APOs varied due to different gestation periods. Therefore, it is necessary to protect pregnant women at specific times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Mu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhen Yan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Naiyu Ke
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han Cheng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Ghassabian A, Gu B, Afanasyeva Y, Li Y, Trasande L, Liu M. Semiparametric distributed lag quantile regression for modeling time-dependent exposure mixtures. Biometrics 2023; 79:2619-2632. [PMID: 35612351 PMCID: PMC10718172 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying time-dependent exposure mixtures has gained increasing attentions in environmental health research. When a scalar outcome is of interest, distributed lag (DL) models have been employed to characterize the exposures effects distributed over time on the mean of final outcome. However, there is a methodological gap on investigating time-dependent exposure mixtures with different quantiles of outcome. In this paper, we introduce semiparametric partial-linear single-index (PLSI) DL quantile regression, which can describe the DL effects of time-dependent exposure mixtures on different quantiles of outcome and identify susceptible periods of exposures. We consider two time-dependent exposure settings: discrete and functional, when exposures are measured in a small number of time points and at dense time grids, respectively. Spline techniques are used to approximate the nonparametric DL function and single-index link function, and a profile estimation algorithm is proposed. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the performance and value of our proposed models and inference procedures. We further apply the proposed methods to study the effects of maternal exposures to ambient air pollutants of fine particulate and nitrogen dioxide on birth weight in New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA
- NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Huang Y, Gong X, Liu L, Luo L, Leng S, Lin Y. Maternal exposure to metal components of PM 2.5 and low birth weight in New Mexico, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98526-98535. [PMID: 37608181 PMCID: PMC10829739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Infants with low birth weight (LBW) are more likely to have health problems than normal weight infants. In studies examining the associations between particulate matter (PM) exposures and LBW, there is a tendency to focus on PM2.5 as a whole. However, insufficient information is available regarding the effects of different components of PM2.5 on birth weight. This study identified the associations between maternal exposure to 10 metal components of PM2.5 and LBW in offspring based on small area (divided by population size) level data in New Mexico, USA, from 2012 to 2016. This study used a pruned feed-forward neural network (pruned-FNN) approach to estimate the annual average exposure index to each metal component in each small area. The linear regression model was employed to examine the association between maternal PM2.5 metal exposures and LBW rate in small areas, adjusting for the female percentage and race/ethnicity compositions, marriage status, and educational level in the population. An interquartile range increase in maternal exposure to mercury and chromium of PM2.5 increased LBW rate by 0.43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.68%) and 0.63% (95% CI: 0.15-1.12%), respectively. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to metal components of air pollutants may increase the risk of LBW in offspring. With no similar studies in New Mexico, this study also posed great importance because of a higher LBW rate in New Mexico than the national average. These findings provide critical information to inform further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Huang
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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15
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Tan Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Peng C, Zhang Y, He M, Peng A. Prenatal ambient air pollutants exposure and the risk of stillbirth in Wuhan, central of China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115841. [PMID: 37028538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing studies on the relationships of prenatal ambient air pollutants exposure with stillbirth in the Chinese population are very limited and the results are inconsistent, and the susceptible windows and potential modifiers for air pollutants exposure on stillbirth remain unanswered. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the relationships between exposure to ambient air pollutants and stillbirth, and explored the susceptible windows and potential modifiers for air pollutants exposure on stillbirth. METHODS A population-based cohort was established through the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System involving 509,057 mother-infant pairs in Wuhan from January 1, 2011 through September 30, 2017. Personal exposure concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), inhalable particles (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) for mothers were estimated based on their residential address during pregnancy using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. We used the logistic regression models to determine the associations at different stages of pregnancy with adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS There were 3218 stillbirths and 505,839 live births among the participants. For each 100 μg/m3 of CO and 10 μg/m3 of O3 increase in the first trimester (conception to 13+6 weeks), the risk of stillbirth increased by 1.0% (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.03) and 7.0% (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.05-1.09). In the second trimester (14 weeks-27+6 weeks), PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O3 exposure were closely related to the risk of stillbirth (P<0.05). In the third trimester (28 weeks to delivery), for each 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure concentrations of PM2.5, SO2, and O3, the risk of stillbirth increased by 3.4%, 5.9%, and 4.0%, respectively. O3 exposure was positively relevant to the risk of stillbirth (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.08-1.14) in the whole pregnancy. Exposure to NO2 was not significantly associated with the risk of stillbirth. Stratified analyses also presented a stronger association among mothers with boy infant, living in rural areas, delivering between 2011 and 2013, and those without gestational hypertension and history of stillbirth. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and O3 were related to the increased risk of stillbirth. Both the second and third trimesters might be vital susceptible windows for stillbirth. Our findings expand the evidence base for the important impacts of air pollution on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Tan
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Anna Peng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, China.
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16
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O'Sharkey K, Xu Y, Cabison J, Rosales M, Yang T, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Toledo Corral CM, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Habre R. Effects of In-Utero Personal Exposure to PM2.5 Sources and Components on Birthweight. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3026552. [PMID: 37333108 PMCID: PMC10274950 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3026552/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Background In-utero exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and specific sources and components of PM2.5 have been linked with lower birthweight. However, previous results have been mixed, likely due to heterogeneity in sources impacting PM2.5 and due to measurement error from using ambient data. Therefore, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 sources and their high-loading components on birthweight using data from 198 women in the 3rd trimester from the MADRES cohort 48-hour personal PM2.5 exposure monitoring sub-study. Methods The mass contributions of six major sources of personal PM2.5 exposure were estimated for 198 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization v5.0 model, along with their 17 high-loading chemical components using optical carbon and X-ray fluorescence approaches. Single- and multi-pollutant linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between personal PM2.5 sources and birthweight. Additionally, high-loading components were evaluated with birthweight individually and in models further adjusted for PM2.5 mass. Results Participants were predominately Hispanic (81%), with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39.1 (1.5) weeks and age of 28.2 (6.0) years. Mean birthweight was 3,295.8g (484.1) and mean PM2.5 exposure was 21.3 (14.4) μg/m3. A 1 SD increase in the mass contribution of the fresh sea salt source was associated with a 99.2g decrease in birthweight (95% CI: -197.7, -0.6), while aged sea salt was associated with lower birthweight (β =-70.1; 95% CI: -141.7, 1.4). Magnesium sodium, and chlorine were associated with lower birthweight, which remained after adjusting for PM2.5 mass. Conclusions This study found evidence that major sources of personal PM2.5 including fresh and aged sea salt were negatively associated with birthweight, with the strongest effect on birthweight from Na and Mg. The effect of crustal and fuel oil sources differed by infant sex with negative associations seen in boys compared to positive associations in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xu
- University of Southern California
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17
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Borlaza LJS, Uzu G, Ouidir M, Lyon-Caen S, Marsal A, Weber S, Siroux V, Lepeule J, Boudier A, Jaffrezo JL, Slama R. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 oxidative potential and its association to birth outcomes. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:416-426. [PMID: 36369373 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) assessed through its mass concentration has been associated with foetal growth restriction in studies based on outdoor levels. Oxidative potential of PM2.5 (OP) is an emerging metric a priori relevant to mechanisms of action of PM on health, with very limited evidence to indicate its role on birth outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of OP with birth outcomes and compared it with that of PM2.5 mass concentration. METHODS 405 pregnant women from SEPAGES cohort (Grenoble area) carried PM2.5 personal dosimeters for one or two one-week periods. OP was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays from the collected filters. Associations of each exposure metric with offspring weight, height, and head circumference at birth were estimated adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The correlation between PM2.5 mass concentration and [Formula: see text] was 0.7. An interquartile range increase in .. was associated with reduced weight (adjusted change, -64 g, -166 to -11, p = 0.02) and height (-4 mm, -6 to -1, p = 0.01) at birth. PM2.5 mass concentration showed similar associations with weight (-53 g, -99 to -8, p = 0.02) and height (-2 mm, -5 to 0, p = 0.05). In birth height models mutually adjusted for the two exposure metrics, the association with [Formula: see text] was less attenuated than that with mass concentration, while for weight both effect sizes attenuated similarly. There was no clear evidence of associations with head circumference for any metric, nor for [Formula: see text] with any growth parameter. IMPACT PM2.5 pregnancy exposure assessed from personal dosimeters was associated with altered foetal growth. Personal OP exposure was associated with foetal growth restrictions, specifically decreased weight and height at birth, possibly to a larger extent than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. These results support OP assessed from DTT as being a health-relevant metric. Larger scale cohort studies are recommended to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Uzu
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marion Ouidir
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anouk Marsal
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuël Weber
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Boudier
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
- Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.
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18
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Huang Y, Gong X, Liu L, Luo L, Leng S, Lin Y. Maternal exposure to metal components of PM2.5 and low birth weight in New Mexico, USA. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2666605. [PMID: 37034648 PMCID: PMC10081375 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2666605/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Infants with low birth weight (LBW) are more likely to have health problems than normal weight infants. In studies examining the associations between particulate matter (PM) exposures and LBW, there is a tendency to focus on PM 2.5 as a whole. However, insufficient information is available regarding the effects of different components of PM 2.5 on birth weight. This study identified the associations between maternal exposure to 10 metal components of PM 2.5 and LBW in offspring based on small area (divided by population size) level data in New Mexico, USA, from 2012 to 2016. This study used a pruned feed-forward neural network (pruned-FNN) approach to estimate the annual average exposure index to each metal component in each small area. The linear regression model was employed to examine the association between maternal PM 2.5 metal exposures and LBW rate in small areas, adjusting for the female percentage and race/ethnicity compositions, marriage status and educational level in the population. An interquartile range increase in maternal exposure to mercury and chromium of PM 2.5 increased LBW rate by 0.43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18%-0.68%) and 0.63% (95% CI: 0.15%-1.12%), respectively. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to metal components of air pollutants may increase the risk of LBW in offspring. With no similar studies in New Mexico, this study also posed great importance because of a higher LBW rate in New Mexico than the national average. These findings provide critical information to inform further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Huang
- The University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | | | - Lin Liu
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Li Luo
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Shuguang Leng
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Yan Lin
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
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Li P, Wu J, Tong M, Li J, Wang R, Ni X, Lu H, Deng J, Ai S, Xue T, Zhu T. The association of birthweight with fine particle exposure is modifiable by source sector: Findings from a cross-sectional study of 17 low- and middle-income countries. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114696. [PMID: 36857918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birthweight attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a global issue affecting infant health, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, large-population studies of multiple LMICs are lacking, and little is known about whether the source of PM2.5 is a determinant of the toxic effect on birthweight. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect on birthweight of long-term exposure to PM2.5 from different sources in LMICs. METHODS The birthweights of 53,449 infants born between September 16, 2017 and September 15, 2018 in 17 LMICs were collected from demographic and health surveys. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 in 2017 produced by 20 different sources was estimated by combining chemical transport model simulations with satellite-based concentrations of total mass. Generalized linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between birthweight and each source-specific PM2.5 exposure. A multiple-pollutant model with a ridge penalty on the coefficients of all 20-source-specific components was employed to develop a joint exposure-response function (JERF) of the PM2.5 mixtures. The estimated JERF was then used to quantify the global burden of birthweight reduction attributable to PM2.5 mixtures and to PM2.5 from specific sources. RESULTS The fully adjusted single-pollutant model indicated that exposure to a 10 μg/m3 increase in total PM2.5 was significantly associated with a -6.6 g (95% CI -11.0 to -2.3) reduction in birthweight. In single- and multiple-pollutant models, significant birthweight changes were associated with exposure to PM2.5 produced by international shipping (SHP), solvents (SLV), agricultural waste burning (GFEDagburn), road transportation (ROAD), waste handling and disposal (WST), and windblown dust (WDUST). Based on the global average exposure to PM2.5 mixtures, the JERF showed that the overall change in birthweight could mostly be attributed to PM2.5 produced by ROAD (-37.7 g [95% CI -49.2 to -24.4] for a global average exposure of 2.2 μg/m3), followed by WST (-27.5 g [95% CI -42.6 to -10.7] for a 1.6-μg/m3 exposure), WDUST (-19.5 g [95% CI -26.7 to -12.6] for a 8.6-μg/m3 exposure), and SHP (-19.0 g [95% CI -32.3 to -5.7] for a 0.2-μg/m3 exposure), which, with the exception of WDUST, are anthropogenic sources. The changes in birthweight varied geographically and were co-determined by the concentration as well as the source profile of the PM2.5 mixture. CONCLUSION PM2.5 exposure is associated with a reduction in birthweight, but our study shows that the magnitude of the association differs depending on the PM2.5 source. A source-targeted emission-control strategy that considers local features is therefore critical to maximize the health benefits of air quality improvement, especially with respect to promoting maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, China; National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, China.
| | - Mingkun Tong
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiajianghui Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xueqiu Ni
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hong Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jianyu Deng
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Siqi Ai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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20
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Tao S, Yang M, Pan B, Wang Y, Tian F, Han D, Shao W, Yang W, Xie Y, Fang X, Xia M, Hu J, Kan H, Li W, Xu Y. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 perturbs the metabolic homeostasis of maternal serum and placenta in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114648. [PMID: 36341790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that maternal fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure correlates with various adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW) of offspring. However, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, female C57Bl/6 J mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) during pregestational and gestational periods, and metabolomics was performed to analyze the metabolic features in maternal serum and placenta by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) displayed evident clustering of FA- and CAP-exposed samples for both maternal serum and placenta. In addition, pathway analysis identified that vitamin digestion and absorption was perturbed in maternal serum, while metabolic pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, serotonergic synapse, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism and cAMP signaling pathway were perturbed in placenta. Further analysis indicated that CAP exposure influenced the nutrient transportation capacity of placenta, by not only changing the ratios of some critical metabolites in placenta to maternal serum but also significantly altering the expressions of nutrition transporters in placenta. These findings reaffirm the importance of protecting women from PM2.5 exposure, and also advance our understanding of the toxic actions of ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Tao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Mingjun Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fang Tian
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dongyang Han
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenpu Shao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuanting Xie
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Minjie Xia
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jingying Hu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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21
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Predisposed obesity and long-term metabolic diseases from maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) — A review of its effect and potential mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 310:121054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Fu Z, Liu Q, Liang J, Huang T, Liang G, Zhou Y, Gu A. Association of ambient air pollution exposure with low birth weight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114164. [PMID: 36027958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that exposure to air pollution is linked to adverse birth outcomes, but the results are not consistent. This study was performed on a subset of participants from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. The land use regression (LUR) model was constructed to calculate the concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Binary logistic/multivariate linear regression models were applied to explore the potential linear relationships between air pollution exposure and newborn low birth weight (LBW) or BW. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to explore the possible association between the air pollution level and LBW. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) transformation of exposure variables was applied to visualize the relation of air pollutants to BW. Exposure to air pollutants, especially PM2.5 and PM10, was positively associated with LBW, and the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.25 ([1.03, 1.51], P = 0.025) and 1.12 ([1.02, 1.24], P = 0.021), respectively. A negative correlation was observed between the BW and PM2.5 (-0.05 [-0.08, -0.02], P = 0.001), PM10 (-0.03 [-0.05, -0.02], P < 0.001), PM2.5-10 (-0.04 [-0.07, -0.01], P < 0.001) and NOx (0.00 [0.00, 0.00], P = 0.021). Additionally, the BW changed dramatically up to a specific point (PM2.5 for 10.74 μg/m3, Pnonlinearity = 0.004; PM10 for 16.06 μg/m3, Pnonlinearity = 0.004; NO2 for 25.58 μg/m3, Pnonlinearity <0.001; and NOx for 39.88 μg/m3, Pnonlinearity <0.001), subsequently becoming relatively stable. PM2.5 and PM10 exposure were positively associated with LBW, and a negative correlation was observed between PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10 and NOx and BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Fu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aihua Gu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and the risk of large for gestational age. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1773-1779. [PMID: 35277595 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and large for gestational age (LGA) is unclear, and studies conducted in highly polluted areas are lacking. We aimed to explore the association between PM2.5 and the risk of LGA in China. METHODS Maternal and neonatal characteristics were collected in the National Prepregnancy Examination Project. The definition of LGA was neonates with a weight over the 90th percentile for gestational age. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of LGA. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS There were 196,243 mother-neonate pairs included, among which the percentage of LGA was 15.3%. The average PM2.5 concentration was 75.29 µg/m3. A 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 during the whole pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of LGA (odds ratio (OR) 1.097, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.091-1.103). Pregnant women in the high-exposure group had a higher risk of giving birth to an LGA infant (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33-1.41). There was a nonlinear relationship between PM2.5 concentration and the risk of LGA, and the risk increased more rapidly at higher PM2.5 levels. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 was linked to an increased risk of LGA. IMPACT A nation-wide study in a highly polluted country suggested the association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and LGA. A trimester-specific relationship between PM2.5 exposure and LGA was established. Call for attention on the pregnant women in highly polluted areas who were in high risk of giving birth to LGA.
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Coomes KE, Buonocore JJ, Levy JI, Arter C, Arunachalam S, Buckley L, Berberian A, Gunasti J, Perera F. Assessment of the health benefits to children of a transportation climate policy in New York City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114165. [PMID: 36087775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessments of health and environmental effects of clean air and climate policies have revealed substantial health benefits due to reductions in air pollution, but have included few pediatric outcomes or assessed benefits at the neighborhood level. OBJECTIVES We estimated benefits across a suite of child health outcomes in 42 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods under the proposed regional Transportation and Climate Initiative. We also estimated their distribution across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. METHODS We estimated changes in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations associated with on-road emissions under nine different predefined cap-and-invest scenarios. Health outcomes, including selected adverse birth, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, were estimated using a program similar to the U.S. EPA BenMAP program. We stratified the associated monetized benefits across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. RESULTS The benefits varied widely over the different cap-and-investment scenarios. For a 25% reduction in carbon emissions from 2022 to 2032 and a strategy prioritizing public transit investments, NYC would have an estimated 48 fewer medical visits for childhood asthma, 13,000 avoided asthma exacerbations not requiring medical visits, 640 fewer respiratory illnesses unrelated to asthma, and 9 avoided adverse birth outcomes (infant mortality, preterm birth, and term low birth weight) annually, starting in 2032. The total estimated annual avoided costs are $22 million. City-wide, Black and Hispanic children would experience 1.7 times the health benefits per capita than White and Non-Hispanic White children, respectively. Under the same scenario, neighborhoods experiencing the highest poverty rates in NYC would experience about 2.5 times the health benefits per capita than the lowest poverty neighborhoods. CONCLUSION A cap-and-invest strategy to reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector could provide substantial health and monetized benefits to children in NYC through reductions in criteria pollutant concentrations, with greater benefits among Black and Hispanic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Coomes
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Calvin Arter
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura Buckley
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alique Berberian
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Gunasti
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory Univerity, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
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25
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Sun S, Wang J, Cao W, Wu L, Tian Y, Sun F, Zhang Z, Ge Y, Du J, Li X, Chen R. A nationwide study of maternal exposure to ambient ozone and term birth weight in the United States. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107554. [PMID: 36202016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to ozone (O3) may cause systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and contribute to fetal growth restriction. We sought to estimate the association between maternal exposure to O3 and term birth weight and term small for gestational age (SGA) in the United States (US). METHODS We conducted a nationwide study including 2,179,040 live term singleton births that occurred across 453 populous counties in the contiguous US in 2002. Daily county-level concentrations of O3 data were estimated using a Bayesian fusion model. We used linear regression to estimate the association between O3 exposure and term birth weight and logistic regression to estimate the association between O3 exposure and term SGA during each trimester of the pregnancy and the entire pregnancy after adjusting for maternal characteristics, infant sex, season of conception, ambient temperature, county poverty rate, and census region. We additionally used distributed lag models to identify the critical exposure windows by estimating the monthly and weekly associations. RESULTS A 10 parts per billion (ppb) increase in O3 over the entire pregnancy was associated with a lower term birth weight (-7.6 g; 95 % CI: -8.8 g, -6.4 g) and increased risk of SGA (odds ratio = 1.030; 95 % CI: 1.020, 1.040). The identified critical exposure windows were the 13th- 25th and 32nd -37th gestational weeks for term birth weight and 13th- 25th for term SGA. We found the association was more pronounced among mothers who were non-Hispanic Black, unmarried, or had lower education level. CONCLUSIONS Among US singleton term births, maternal exposure to O3 was associated with lower rates of fetal growth, and the 13th- 25th gestational weeks were the identified critical exposure windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg 39406, MS, USA
| | - Jianqiang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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26
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Martenies SE, Hoskovec L, Wilson A, Moore BF, Starling AP, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Dabelea D, Magzamen S. Using non-parametric Bayes shrinkage to assess relationships between multiple environmental and social stressors and neonatal size and body composition in the Healthy Start cohort. Environ Health 2022; 21:111. [PMID: 36401268 PMCID: PMC9675112 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both environmental and social factors have been linked to birth weight and adiposity at birth, but few studies consider the effects of exposure mixtures. Our objective was to identify which components of a mixture of neighborhood-level environmental and social exposures were driving associations with birth weight and adiposity at birth in the Healthy Start cohort. METHODS Exposures were assessed at the census tract level and included air pollution, built environment characteristics, and socioeconomic status. Prenatal exposures were assigned based on address at enrollment. Birth weight was measured at delivery and adiposity was measured using air displacement plethysmography within three days. We used non-parametric Bayes shrinkage (NPB) to identify exposures that were associated with our outcomes of interest. NPB models were compared to single-predictor linear regression. We also included generalized additive models (GAM) to assess nonlinear relationships. All regression models were adjusted for individual-level covariates, including maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and smoking. RESULTS Results from NPB models showed most exposures were negatively associated with birth weight, though credible intervals were wide and generally contained zero. However, the NPB model identified an interaction between ozone and temperature on birth weight, and the GAM suggested potential non-linear relationships. For associations between ozone or temperature with birth weight, we observed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity, where effects were stronger for mothers who identified as a race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White. No associations with adiposity at birth were observed. CONCLUSIONS NPB identified prenatal exposures to ozone and temperature as predictors of birth weight, and mothers who identify as a race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White might be disproportionately impacted. However, NPB models may have limited applicability when non-linear effects are present. Future work should consider a two-stage approach where NPB is used to reduce dimensionality and alternative approaches examine non-linear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S Goodwin Ave, M/C 052, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Lauren Hoskovec
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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27
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Guo Q, Zhao Y, Xue T, Zhang J, Duan X. Association of PM 2.5 and Its Chemical Compositions with Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationwide Study in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192214671. [PMID: 36429390 PMCID: PMC9690751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the association of PM2.5 and its compositions with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were limited, and it was unclear which was the most hazardous composition. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 and its compositions with MetS and identified the most hazardous composition. In this study, we included 13,418 adults over 45 years across 446 communities from 150 counties of 28 provinces in nationwide China in 2015. MetS was defined based on the five indicators of the Joint Interim Societies, including: blood pressure (SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure)); fasting blood glucose (FBG); fasting triglyceride (FTG); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); and waist circumference (WC). We used chemical transport models to estimate the concentration of PM2.5 and its compositions, including black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, and sulfate. We used a generalized linear regression model to examine the association of PM2.5 and its compositions with MetS. In this study, we observed that the average age was 61.40 (standard deviation (SD): 9.59). Each IQR (29.76 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.27 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.37) increase in the odds for MetS. We indicated that black carbon showed stronger associations than other compositions. The higher associations were observed among women, participants aged less than 60 years, who lived in urban areas and in the Northeast, smokers, drinkers, and the obese populations. In conclusion, our findings identified the most harmful composition and sensitive populations and regions that required attention, which would be helpful for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhou S, Li T, Han N, Zhang Y, Chen G, Ji Y, Li Q, Liu J, Wang H, Hu J, Liu T, Guo Y, Wang HJ. The associations of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth: A prospective birth cohort in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114196. [PMID: 36029842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies investigated the association of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and fetal growth measured by ultrasound with inconsistent results. No study evaluated the effect of PM2.5 constituents on fetal growth in utero. We aimed to investigated whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was associated with fetal growth measured by ultrasound. METHODS A total of 4319 eligible pregnant women in Peking University Birth Cohort in Tongzhou (PKUBC-T) were included in the study. Based on mothers' residential addresses, we estimated prenatal PM2.5 concentrations with a satellite-based spatiotemporal model and PM2.5 constituents concentrations with a modified Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Fetal growth parameters of abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL) were measured by ultrasound and then estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. We calculated sex and gestational age-specific fetal growth Z-score and then defined the corresponding fetal undergrowth. Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with fetal growth Z-score and fetal undergrowth. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was consistently associated with decreased Z-scores of fetal growth parameters (AC, HC, FL, EFW). One IQR increase of PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was associated with -0.183 [95% confident interval (CI): -0.225, -0.141], -0.144 (95%CI: -0.181, -0.107), -0.123 (95%CI: -0.160, -0.085), -0.035 (95%CI: -0.055, -0.015), -0.095 (95%CI: -0.126, -0.064), and -0.124 (95%CI: -0.159, -0.088) decrease in EFW Z-score, respectively. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, OC, EC, SO42-, NH4+, or NO3- was also associated with higher risk of fetal AC, HC, FL or EFW undergrowth. CONCLUSION The study identified that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 or its constituents was associated with impaired fetal growth. The findings provided evidence that control measures for PM2.5 constituents should be implemented for further promoting fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Na Han
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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Niu Z, Habre R, Chavez TA, Yang T, Grubbs BH, Eckel SP, Berhane K, Toledo-Corral CM, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Lerner D, Al-Marayati L, Lurmann F, Pavlovic N, Farzan SF, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Birth Weight by Maternal Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Stressors. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2238174. [PMID: 36282504 PMCID: PMC9597392 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fetal growth is precisely programmed and could be interrupted by environmental exposures during specific times during pregnancy. Insights on potential sensitive windows of air pollution exposure in association with birth weight are needed. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of sensitive windows of ambient air pollution exposure with birth weight and heterogeneity by individual- and neighborhood-level stressors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data on a cohort of low-income Hispanic women with singleton term pregnancy were collected from 2015 to 2021 in the ongoing Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors cohort in Los Angeles, California. EXPOSURES Daily ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-hour maximum ozone were assigned to residential locations. Weekly averages from 12 weeks before conception to 36 gestational weeks were calculated. Individual-level psychological stressor was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. Neighborhood-level stressor was measured by the CalEnviroScreen 4.0. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sex-specific birth weight for gestational age z score (BWZ). The associations between air pollutant and BWZ were estimated using distributed lag models to identify sensitive windows of exposure, adjusting for maternal and meteorologic factors. We stratified the analyses by Perceived Stress Scale and CalEnviroScreen 4.0. We converted the effect size estimation in BWZ to grams to facilitate interpretation. RESULTS The study included 628 pregnant women (mean [SD] age, 22.18 [5.92] years) and their newborns (mean [SD] BWZ, -0.08 [1.03]). On average, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure during 4 to 22 gestational weeks was associated with a -9.5 g (95% CI, -10.4 to -8.6 g) change in birth weight. In stratified models, PM2.5 from 4 to 24 gestational weeks was associated with a -34.0 g (95% CI, -35.7 to -32.4 g) change in birth weight and PM10 from 9 to 14 gestational weeks was associated with a -39.4 g (95% CI, -45.4 to -33.4) change in birth weight in the subgroup with high Perceived Stress Scale and high CalEnviroScreen 4.0 scores. In this same group, NO2 from 9 to 14 gestational weeks was associated with a -40.4 g (95% CI, -47.4 to -33.3 g) change in birth weight and, from 33 to 36 gestational weeks, a -117.6 g (95% CI, -125.3 to -83.7 g) change in birth weight. Generally, there were no significant preconception windows for any air pollutants or ozone exposure with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, early pregnancy to midpregnancy exposures to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with lower birth weight, particularly for mothers experiencing higher perceived stress and living in a neighborhood with a high level of stressors from environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thomas A. Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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O’Sharkey K, Xu Y, Chavez T, Johnson M, Cabison J, Rosales M, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Bastain T, Breton CV, Habre R. In-utero personal exposure to PM 2.5 impacted by indoor and outdoor sources and birthweight in the MADRES cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2022; 9:100257. [PMID: 36778968 PMCID: PMC9912940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-utero exposure to outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is linked with low birthweight. However, previous results are mixed, likely due to measurement error introduced by estimating personal exposure from ambient data. This study investigated the effect of total personal PM2.5 exposure on birthweight and whether it differed when it was more heavily impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin in the MADRES cohort study. METHODS Personal PM2.5 exposure was measured in 205 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using 48 h integrated, filter-based sampling. Linear regression was used to test the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight, adjusting for key covariates. Interactions of PM2.5 with variables representing indoor sources of PM2.5, home ventilation, or time spent indoors tested whether the effect of total PM2.5 on birthweight varied when it was more impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin. RESULTS In a sample of largely Hispanic (81%) pregnant women, total personal PM2.5 was not significantly associated with birthweight (β = 38.6 per 1SD increase in PM2.5; 95% CI:-21.1, 98.2). This association however, differed by home type (single family home: 156.9 (26.9, 287.0), 2-4 attached units:-16.6 (-111.9, 78.7), 5+ units:-62.6 (-184.9, 59.6), missing: 145.4 (-4.1, 294.9), interaction p = 0.028) and by household air conditioner use (none of the time: -27.6 (-101.5, 46.3) vs. some of the time: 139.9 (42.9, 237.0), interaction p = 0.008) Additionally, the effect of personal PM2.5 on birthweight varied by time spent indoors (none or little of the time: - 45.1 (-208.3, 118.1) vs. most or all of the time: 57.1 (-7.3, 121.6), interaction p = 0.255). CONCLUSIONS While no significant association between total personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight was found, there was evidence that multi-unit housing (vs. single-family homes), candle and/or incense smoke, and greater outdoor source contributions to personal PM2.5 were more strongly associated with lower birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O’Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Enkhbat U, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Boldbaatar B, Enkhtuya E, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Allen RW. Portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy and children's autistic behaviors at four years of age: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107432. [PMID: 36007302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may increase children's risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. We quantified the impact of reducing PM exposure during pregnancy on the development of autistic traits in children. We also assessed associations between indoor fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations during pregnancy and autistic traits. METHODS In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we randomized 540 non-smoking pregnant women to receive HEPA filter air cleaners or to a control group, which did not receive air cleaners. We administered the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) to caregivers when children were a median of 48 months (range: 48 to 51 months). Our primary outcome was the SRS-2 total T-score. We imputed missing data using multiple imputation with chained equations and our primary analysis was by intention to treat. In secondary analyses, we estimated associations between full pregnancy and trimester-specific indoor PM2.5 concentrations and T-scores. RESULTS We enrolled participants at a median of 11 weeks' gestation. Our analysis included 478 children (233 control, 245 intervention). The intervention reduced average indoor PM2.5 concentrations by 29 % (95 % CI: 21, 37 %). The mean SRS-2 total T-score was 0.5 units lower (95 % CI: -2.5, 1.5) among intervention participants, with evidence of larger benefits for children at the high end of the T-score distribution. An interquartile range (9.6 µg/m3) increase in indoor PM2.5 during pregnancy was associated with 1.8-unit (95 % CI: 0.3, 3.2) increase in mean SRS-2 total T-score. Effect estimates for PM2.5 concentrations by trimester were smaller and confidence intervals spanned no effect. CONCLUSION Reducing indoor PM during pregnancy had little impact on mean autism-related behavior scores in children. However, indoor PM2.5 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher scores. Exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy may influence the development of autistic traits in childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01741051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undarmaa Enkhbat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Chimeglkham Banzrai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Sarangerel Batsukh
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Enkhtuul Enkhtuya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David C Bellinger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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Estimating the burden of disease attributable to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:718-728. [DOI: 10.7196/samj.2022.v112i8b.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two decades, many people still use solid fuels for cooking owing to energy poverty.Objectives. To estimate the disease burden attributable to HAP for cooking in SA over three time points: 2000, 2006 and 2012. Methods. Comparative risk assessment methodology was used. The proportion of South Africans exposed to HAP was assessed and assigned the estimated concentration of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3(PM2.5) associated with HAP exposure. Health outcomes and relative risks associated with HAP exposure were identified. Population-attributable fractions and the attributable burden of disease due to HAP exposure (deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) for SA were calculated. Attributable burden was estimated for 2000, 2006 and 2012. For the year 2012, we estimated the attributable burden at provincial level.Results. An estimated 17.6% of the SA population was exposed to HAP in 2012. In 2012, HAP exposure was estimated to have caused 8 862 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8 413 - 9 251) and 1.7% (95% UI 1.6% - 1.8%) of all deaths in SA, respectively. Loss of healthy life years comprised 208 816 DALYs (95% UI 195 648 - 221 007) and 1.0% of all DALYs (95% UI 0.95% - 1.0%) in 2012, respectively. Lower respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease contributed to the largest proportion of deaths and DALYs. HAP exposure due to cooking varied across provinces, and was highest in Limpopo (50.0%), Mpumalanga (27.4%) and KwaZulu-Natal (26.4%) provinces in 2012. Age standardised burden measures showed that these three provinces had the highest rates of death and DALY burden attributable to HAP.Conclusion. The burden of disease from HAP due to cooking in SA is of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy, together with awareness campaigns, are needed to ensure access to clean household fuels and improved cook stoves. Continued and enhanced efforts in this regard are required to ensure the burden of disease from HAP is curbed in SA.
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Estimating the burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution (ambient PM2.5 and ambient ozone) in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:705-717. [DOI: 10.7196/samj.2022.v112i8b.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Evans J, Bansal A, Schoenaker DAJM, Cherbuin N, Peek MJ, Davis DL. Birth Outcomes, Health, and Health Care Needs of Childbearing Women following Wildfire Disasters: An Integrative, State-of-the-Science Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:86001. [PMID: 35980335 PMCID: PMC9387511 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as wildfires are expected to increase due to climate change. Childbearing women, that is, women who are pregnant, soon to be pregnant, or have recently given birth, may be particularly vulnerable to the effect of wildfire exposure. OBJECTIVES This review sought to systematically assess what is known about birth outcomes, health, and health care needs of childbearing women during and after exposure to wildfires. METHODS An integrative review methodology was utilized to enable article selection, data extraction, and synthesis across qualitative and quantitative studies. Comprehensive searches of SCOPUS (including MEDLINE and Embase), CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar identified studies for inclusion with no date restriction. Included studies were independently appraised by two reviewers using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. The findings are summarized and illustrated in tables. RESULTS Database searches identified 480 records. Following title, abstract, and full text screening, sixteen studies published between 2012 and 2022 were identified for this review. Eleven studies considered an association between in utero exposure to wildfire and impacts on birth weight and length of gestation. One study reported increased rates of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension following exposure; whereas one study reported differences in the secondary sex ratio. Two studies reported higher incidence of birth defects following in utero exposure to wildfire smoke. Three studies reported increased mental health morbidity, and one study associated a reduction in breastfeeding among women who evacuated from a wildfire disaster. DISCUSSION Evidence indicates that wildfire exposure may be associated with changes to birth outcomes and increased morbidity for childbearing women and their babies. These effects may be profound and have long-term and wide-ranging public health implications. This research can inform the development of effective clinical and public health strategies to address the needs of childbearing women exposed to wildfire disaster. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Evans
- School of Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amita Bansal
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Danielle A J M Schoenaker
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael J Peek
- Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Deborah L Davis
- School of Midwifery, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- ACT Government, Health Directorate, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Liu J, Huang J, Gao L, Sang Y, Li X, Zhou G, Cao L, Lu H, Zhou X, Ren L. Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 disrupting offspring spermatogenesis through induced sertoli cells apoptosis via inhibin B hypermethylation in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113760. [PMID: 35709672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) disrupts endocrine functions and may negatively affect sperm quality and quantity in males; however, the long-term effects and potential mechanisms of this effect are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanism of maternal exposure to PM2.5-induced inhibin B hypermethylation in male offspring. In this experiment design, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were treated with two doses of PM2.5 (4.8 and 43.2 mg/kg bw). The membrane control group was given a sampling membrane and the control group received nothing. Following the formation of the vaginal plug, intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 was administered every three days until delivery of the pups. To assess the effect of PM2.5 in vitro, TM4 cells, a Sertoli-like cell line, was treated with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL) of PM2.5 for 24 h. The results displayed that Sperm motility, as well as the number of adult offspring, was decreased in the PM2.5 exposed group relative to the untreated controls. Increased vacuolization was observed in the Sertoli cells of mice that were exposed to PM2.5 in utero. The levels of inhibin and testosterone were reduced and the levels of LH and FSH increased in the PM2.5 groups relative to the untreated controls. In vitro, PM2.5 resulted in cell cycle inhibition as well as increased apoptosis in TM4 cells. Moreover, PM2.5-induced inhibin B hypermethylation and activation of the p21/Cleaved Caspase-3 pathway resulted in TM4 cell apoptosis that was rescued through the use of a DNA methylation inhibitor. Together, our data suggest that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 results in inhibin B hypermethylation and can activate the p21/Cleaved Caspase-3 pathway, resulting in Sertoli cell apoptosis, aberrant secretion of androgen binding protein, and decreased testosterone, thus resulting in the inhibition of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Leqiang Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yujian Sang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), China
| | - Hong Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lihua Ren
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Nyadanu SD, Dunne J, Tessema GA, Mullins B, Kumi-Boateng B, Lee Bell M, Duko B, Pereira G. Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: An umbrella review of 36 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119465. [PMID: 35569625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses linked prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants to adverse birth outcomes with mixed findings, including results indicating positive, negative, and null associations across the pregnancy periods. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise systematic reviews and meta-analyses on air pollutants and birth outcomes to assess the overall epidemiological evidence. Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses on the association between air pollutants (NO2, CO, O3, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10) and birth outcomes (preterm birth; stillbirth; spontaneous abortion; birth weight; low birth weight, LBW; small-for-gestational-age) up to March 30, 2022 were included. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection, systematic reviews repositories, grey literature databases, internet search engines, and references of included studies. The consistency in the directions of the effect estimates was classified as more consistent positive or negative, less consistent positive or negative, unclear, and consistently null. Next, the confidence in the direction was rated as either convincing, probable, limited-suggestive, or limited non-conclusive evidence. Final synthesis included 36 systematic reviews (21 with and 15 without meta-analyses) that contained 295 distinct primary studies. PM2.5 showed more consistent positive associations than other pollutants. The positive exposure-outcome associations based on the entire pregnancy period were more consistent than trimester-specific exposure averages. For whole pregnancy exposure, a more consistent positive association was found for PM2.5 and birth weight reductions, particulate matter and spontaneous abortion, and SO2 and LBW. Other exposure-outcome associations mostly showed less consistent positive associations and few unclear directions of associations. Almost all associations showed probable evidence. The available evidence indicates plausible causal effects of criteria air pollutants on birth outcomes. To strengthen the evidence, more high-quality studies are required, particularly from understudied settings, such as low-and-middle-income countries. However, the current evidence may warrant the adoption of the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Education, Culture, and Health Opportunities (ECHO) Ghana, ECHO Research Group International, P. O. Box 424, Aflao, Ghana.
| | - Jennifer Dunne
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben Mullins
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Bernard Kumi-Boateng
- Department of Geomatic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, P. O. Box 237, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Michelle Lee Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Landrigan PJ, Fisher S, Kenny ME, Gedeon B, Bryan L, Mu J, Bellinger D. A replicable strategy for mapping air pollution's community-level health impacts and catalyzing prevention. Environ Health 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35843932 PMCID: PMC9288863 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution was responsible for an estimated 6.7 million deaths globally in 2019 and 197,000 deaths in the United States. Fossil fuel combustion is the major source. HYPOTHESIS Mapping air pollution's health impacts at the community level using publicly available data and open-source software will provide a replicable strategy for catalyzing pollution prevention. METHODS Using EPA's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis (BenMAP-CE) software and state data, we quantified the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on disease, death and children's cognitive function (IQ Loss) in each city and town in Massachusetts. To develop a first-order estimate of PM2.5 pollution's impact on child IQ, we derived a concentration-response coefficient through literature review. FINDINGS The annual mean PM2.5 concentration in Massachusetts in 2019 was 6.3 μg/M3, a level below EPA's standard of 12 μg/M3 and above WHO's guideline of 5 μg/M3. In adults, PM2.5 pollution was responsible for an estimated 2780 (Confidence Interval [CI] 2726 - 2853) deaths: 1677 (CI, 1346 - 1926) from cardiovascular disease, 2185 (CI, 941-3409) from lung cancer, 200 (CI, 66-316) from stroke, and 343 (CI, 222-458) from chronic respiratory disease. In children, PM2.5 pollution was responsible for 308 (CI, 105-471) low-weight births, 15,386 (CJ, 5433-23,483) asthma cases, and a provisionally estimated loss of nearly 2 million Performance IQ points; IQ loss impairs children's school performance, reduces graduation rates and decreases lifetime earnings. Air-pollution-related disease, death and IQ loss were most severe in low-income, minority communities, but occurred in every city and town in Massachusetts regardless of location, demographics or median family income. CONCLUSION Disease, death and IQ loss occur at air pollution exposure levels below current EPA standards. Prevention of disease and premature death and preservation of children's cognitive function will require that EPA air quality standards be tightened. Enduring prevention will require government-incentivized transition to renewable energy coupled with phase-outs of subsidies and tax breaks for fossil fuels. Highly localized information on air pollution's impacts on health and on children's cognitive function has potential to catalyze pollution prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, MC, Monaco.
| | - Samantha Fisher
- Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
- Environmental; Epidemiology Program, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Maureen E Kenny
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittney Gedeon
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Bryan
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna Mu
- Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Ahmad WA, Nirel R, Golan R, Jolles M, Kloog I, Rotem R, Negev M, Koren G, Levine H. Mother-level random effect in the association between PM 2.5 and fetal growth: A population-based pregnancy cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112974. [PMID: 35192805 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature reports associations between exposure to particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, findings are inconsistent across studies. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between PM2.5 and birth outcomes of fetal growth in a cohort with high prevalence of siblings by multilevel models accounting for geographical- and mother-level correlations. METHODS In Israel, we used Maccabi Healthcare Services data to establish a population-based cohort of 381,265 singleton births reaching 24-42 weeks' gestation and birth weight of 500-5000 g (2004-2015). Daily PM2.5 predictions from a satellite-based spatiotemporal model were linked to the date of birth and maternal residence. We generated mean PM2.5 values for the entire pregnancy and for exposure periods during pregnancy. Associations between exposure and birth outcomes were modeled by using multilevel logistic regression with random effects for maternal locality of residence, administrative census area (ACA) and mother. RESULTS In fully adjusted models with a mother-level random intercept only, a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 over the entire pregnancy was positively associated with term low birth weight (TLBW) (Odds ratio, OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09,1.43) and small for gestational age (SGA) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06,1.26). Locality- and ACA-level effects accounted for <0.4% of the variance while mother-level effects explained ∼50% of the variability. Associations varied by exposure period, infants' sex, birth order, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Consideration of mother-level variability in a region with high fertility rates provides new insights on the strength of associations between PM2.5 and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronit Nirel
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Itai Kloog
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Rotem
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gideon Koren
- Institute of Research and Innovation, Maccabitech, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Shen Y, Wang C, Yu G, Meng X, Wang W, Kan H, Zhang J, Cai J. Associations of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Constituents with Birth Weight for Gestational Age in China: A Nationwide Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8406-8415. [PMID: 35609000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical constituents with risks of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Based on the China Labor and Delivery Survey, we included 70,206 birth records from 24 provinces in China. Concentrations of PM2.5 mass and six main constituents were estimated using satellite-based models. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and time trends. We found that an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with 16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3-30%) and 11% (95% CI: 1-22%) higher risk of SGA and LGA, respectively. Elevated risk of SGA was associated with exposure to black carbon [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00-1.32], ammonium (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25), and sulfate (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21); while increased risk of LGA was associated with exposure to black carbon (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.26), ammonium (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24), sulfate (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), and nitrate (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.27). Our findings provide evidence that PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risks of SGA and LGA, and constituents related to emissions from anthropogenic sources may play important roles in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zeng Z, Xu X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Meng P, Huo X. Maternal exposure to atmospheric PM 2.5 and fetal brain development: Associations with BAI1 methylation and thyroid hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119665. [PMID: 35738517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal development, including abnormal brain development. However, the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors remain uncertain. This study investigated the roles of DNA methylation in genes involving neurodevelopment and thyroid hormones (THs) in fetal brain development after maternal exposure to PM2.5 from e-waste. Among 939 healthy pregnant women recruited from June 2011 to September 2012, 101 e-waste-exposed and 103 reference mother-infant pairs (204 pairs totally) were included. Annual ground-level PM2.5 concentrations over e-waste-exposed area (116.38°E, 23.29°N) and reference area (116.67°E, 23.34°N) in 2011, 2012 were obtained by estimates and maternal exposure was evaluated by calculating individual chronic daily intakes (CDIs) of PM2.5. Methylation and THs including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) level were measured in umbilical cord blood collected shortly after delivery. We found higher ground-level PM2.5 concentrations led to greater individual CDI of PM2.5 in e-waste-exposed pregnant women. After adjustment for gender and birth BMI, significant mediation effects on the adverse associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with birth head circumference were observed for methylations at positions +13 and + 32 (respectively mediated proportion of 9.8% and 5.3%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in the brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) gene, but not for methylations in the catenin cadherin-associated protein, alpha 2 (CTNNA2) gene. BAI1 (position +13) methylation was also significantly correlated with FT3 levels (rs = -0.156, P = 0.032), although maternal CDI of PM2.5 was positively associated with higher odds of abnormal TSH levels (OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 25.20, P = 0.05) rather than FT3 levels. Our findings suggest that methylation (likely linked to THs) in neonates may play mediation roles associated with abnormal brain development risk due to maternal exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 from e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Peipei Meng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Fussell JC, Franklin M, Green DC, Gustafsson M, Harrison RM, Hicks W, Kelly FJ, Kishta F, Miller MR, Mudway IS, Oroumiyeh F, Selley L, Wang M, Zhu Y. A Review of Road Traffic-Derived Non-Exhaust Particles: Emissions, Physicochemical Characteristics, Health Risks, and Mitigation Measures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6813-6835. [PMID: 35612468 PMCID: PMC9178796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of regulatory standards has reduced exhaust emissions of particulate matter from road traffic substantially in the developed world. However, nonexhaust particle emissions arising from the wear of brakes, tires, and the road surface, together with the resuspension of road dust, are unregulated and exceed exhaust emissions in many jurisdictions. While knowledge of the sources of nonexhaust particles is fairly good, source-specific measurements of airborne concentrations are few, and studies of the toxicology and epidemiology do not give a clear picture of the health risk posed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, with a strong focus on health-related research, highlighting areas where further research is an essential prerequisite for developing focused policy responses to nonexhaust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Fussell
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department
of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada
| | - David C. Green
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish
National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Environmental Sciences / Centre of Excellence in Environmental
Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - William Hicks
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Frank J. Kelly
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Miller
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- National
Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental
Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Farzan Oroumiyeh
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School
of Public Health, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liza Selley
- MRC
Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge,CB2 1QR, U.K.
| | - Meng Wang
- University
at Buffalo, School of Public
Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School
of Public Health, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Association of Prematurity and Low Birth Weight with Gestational Exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 Particulate Matter in Chileans Newborns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106133. [PMID: 35627670 PMCID: PMC9142096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth can be affected by gestational exposure to air pollution. The aim of the study was to determine the association between prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) with gestational exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in Chileans newborns. This cross-sectional analytical study included 595,369 newborns. Data were extracted from the live newborn records of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Sex, gestational age, birth weight, and living variables were analyzed. We used the Air Quality Information System of the Chilean Ministry of the Environment to obtain mean PM2.5 and PM10 emissions. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed with STATA 15.0 software at α < 0.05. Prevalence was 7.4% prematurity and 5.5% LBW. Mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were 25.5 µg/m3 and 55.3 µg/m3, respectively. PM2.5 was associated with an increased the risk of LBW (OR: 1.031; 95%CI: 1.004−1.059) when exposure occurred in the second trimester, while PM10 affected the whole pregnancy. In addition, PM10 exposure in any gestational trimester was associated with an increased the risk of prematurity. The PM10 particulate matter was associated with both prematurity and LBW in all of the trimesters of exposure. The PM2.5 particulate matter was only associated with LBW when exposure occurred in the second gestational trimester.
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Payne-Sturges DC, Puett R, Cory-Slechta DA. Both parents matter: a national-scale analysis of parental race/ethnicity, disparities in prenatal PM 2.5 exposures and related impacts on birth outcomes. Environ Health 2022; 21:47. [PMID: 35513869 PMCID: PMC9074320 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most U.S. studies that report racial/ethnic disparities in increased risk of low birth weight associated with air pollution exposures have been conducted in California or northeastern states and/or urban areas, limiting generalizability of study results. Few of these studies have examined maternal racial/ethnic groups other than Non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic, nor have they included paternal race. We aimed to examine the independent effects of PM2.5 on birth weight among a nationally representative sample of U.S. singleton infants and how both maternal and paternal race/ethnicity modify relationships between prenatal PM2.5 exposures and birth outcomes. METHODS We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a longitudinal nationally representative cohort of 10,700 U.S. children born in 2001, which we linked to U.S.EPA's Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ)-derived predicted daily PM2.5 concentrations at the centroid of each Census Bureau Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) for maternal residences. We examined relationships between term birthweight (TBW), term low birthweight rate (TLBW) and gestational PM2.5 pollutant using multivariate regression models. Effect modification of air pollution exposures on birth outcomes by maternal and paternal race was evaluated using stratified models. All analyses were conducted with sample weights to provide national-scale estimates. RESULTS The majority of mothers were White (61%). Fourteen percent of mothers identified as Black, 21% as Hispanic, 3% Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) and 1% American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN). Fathers were also racially/ethnically diverse with 55% identified as White Non-Hispanic, 10% as Black Non-Hispanic, 19% as Hispanic, 3% as AAPI and 1% as AIAN. Results from the chi-square and ANOVA tests of significance for racial/ethnic differences indicate disparities in prenatal exposures and birth outcomes by both maternal and paternal race/ethnicity. Prenatal PM2.5 was associated with reduced birthweights during second and third trimester and over the entire gestational period in adjusted regression models, although results did not reach statistical significance. In models stratified by maternal race and paternal race, one unit increase in PM2.5 was statistically significantly associated with lower birthweights among AAPI mothers, -5.6 g (95% CI:-10.3, -1.0 g) and AAPI fathers, -7.6 g (95% CI: -13.1, -2.1 g) during 3rd trimester and among births where father's race was not reported, -14.2 g (95% CI: -24.0, -4.4 g). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that paternal characteristics should be used, in addition to maternal characteristics, to describe the risks of adverse birth outcomes. Additionally, our study suggests that serious consideration should be given to investigating environmental and social mechanisms, such as air pollution exposures, as potential contributors to disparities in birth outcomes among AAPI populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon C Payne-Sturges
- School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Robin Puett
- School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Palma A, Petrunyk I, Vuri D. Prenatal air pollution exposure and neonatal health. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:729-759. [PMID: 35001469 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to have adverse effects on many health outcomes including respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, and mortality. However, evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure is still limited. We investigate the causal impact of prenatal exposure to air pollution on neonatal health in Italy in the 2000s. We exploit variation in rainfall shocks to instrument for non-random air pollution exposure. Our empirical setting combines detailed information on mother's residential location from birth certificates with PM10 concentrations from air pollution monitors. Ten additional units in the average PM10 level (approximately one standard deviation) would decrease birth weight by about 0.5% and gestational age by 0.16%; it would increase the prevalence of low birth weight by 22% and of preterm birth by 16%. The effects are stronger in magnitude for third trimester exposure and for less educated mothers. These findings suggest that the health impacts of air pollution on newborns are unequally distributed in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palma
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Social Sciences Area, L'Aquila, Italy
- The Centre of Economic and International Studies (CEIS), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Vuri
- The Centre of Economic and International Studies (CEIS), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Economics and Finance - DEF, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Tong J, Ren Y, Liu F, Liang F, Tang X, Huang D, An X, Liang X. The Impact of PM2.5 on the Growth Curves of Children's Obesity Indexes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:843622. [PMID: 35392463 PMCID: PMC8980359 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.843622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) on childhood obesity based on a cohort study in Chongqing. Methods A total of 4,284 children aged 6-8 years at baseline were enrolled from the Chongqing Children Health Cohort in 2014-2015 and were followed up in 2019. A stratified cluster sampling was applied to select the participants. A Mixed-effects linear regression model was used to examine the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on the growth curve of obesity indicators [including body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score (BMIz), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)]. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to study the dose relationship between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of obesity indicators. Results A higher level of accumulating exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased childhood obesity index, and the effect was the most significant for WHtR than BMI and BMIz. This effect was more pronounced in boys than in girls except for WHtR, and it was the most significant under the PM2.5 exposure period from pregnancy to 6 years old. Compared the annual average PM2.5 exposure level of <60 μg/m3, the WHtR and BMI were increased by 0.019 [(95% CIs): 0.014, 0.024] and 0.326 [(95% CIs): 0.037, 0.616] Kg/m2 for participants living with the PM2.5 exposure level of 70-75 μg/m3, respectively. For every 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 levels (from pregnancy to 6 years old), the risk of central obesity was increased by 1.26 {odds ratio [OR] (95% CIs): 1.26 (1.16, 1.37), p < 0.001} times. Conclusions This study confirmed a dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and childhood obesity, especially central obesity, suggesting that controlling ambient air pollution can prevent the occurrence of obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zang ST, Wu QJ, Li XY, Gao C, Liu YS, Jiang YT, Zhang JY, Sun H, Chang Q, Zhao YH. Long-term PM 2.5 exposure and various health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152381. [PMID: 34914980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects from exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on health-related outcomes have been found in a range of experimental and epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the significance, validity, and reliability of the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and various health outcomes. The Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, and SinoMed databases and reference lists of the retrieved review articles were searched to obtain meta-analysis and systematic reviews focusing on PM2.5-related outcomes as of August 31, 2021. Random-/fixed-effects models were applied to estimate summary effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of included meta-analyses was evaluated based on the AMSTAR 2 tool. Small-study effect and excess significance bias studies were conducted to further assess the associations. Registered PROSPERO number: CRD42020200606. This included 24 articles involving 71 associations between PM2.5 exposure and the health outcomes. The evidence for the positive association of 10 μg/m3 increments of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and stroke incidence in Europe was convincing (effect size = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10). There was evidence that was highly suggestive of a positive association between 10 μg/m3 increments of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the following health-related outcomes: mortality of lung cancer (effect size = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08-1.13) and Alzheimer's disease (effect size = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.79-8.21). There was highly suggestive evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk is positively associated with higher long-term PM2.5 exposure versus lower long-term PM2.5 exposure (effect size = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.88-2.86). In conclusion, the positive association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and stroke incidence in Europe was convincing. Given the validity of numerous associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and health-related outcomes is subject to biases, more robust evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tian Zang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Liang Z, Zhao L, Qiu J, Zhu X, Jiang M, Liu G, Zhao Q. PM 2.5 exposure increases the risk of preterm birth in pre-pregnancy impaired fasting glucose women: A cohort study in a Southern province of China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112403. [PMID: 34800533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated maternal exposure to particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with preterm birth (PTB). However, no study has investigated this effect in pre-pregnancy impaired fasting glucose (IFG) women. This study aimed to differentiate the effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure on PTB between pre-pregnancy IFG and normoglycemia women, and to further identify the susceptible window. This cohort study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2017 in 21 Chinese cities. All the recruited women received pre-pregnancy fasting serum glucose (FSG) tests and were followed up for their delivery outcomes. The PM2.5 exposures were estimated by the daily air pollution concentrations of the nearby monitors. Women with FSG below 7.0 mmol/L were included in the analysis. We employed the Cox proportional hazards models to examine whether PM2.5 exposure was associated with PTB. 237957 women were included and 7055 (3.0%) of them were pre-pregnancy IFG. During the entire pregnancy, we found 24.1% (HR = 1.241; 95% CI: 1.069, 1.439), 61.8% (HR = 1.618; 95% CI: 1.311, 1.997) and 18.6% (HR = 1.186; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.402) of increases in risk for all PTB, early PTB (20-33 gestational weeks) and late PTB (34-36 gestational weeks) among the pre-pregnancy IFG women, and 15.9% (HR = 1.159; 95% CI: 1.127, 1.192), 33.9% (HR = 1.339; 95% CI: 1.255, 1.430) and 13.2% (HR = 1.132; 95% CI: 1.098, 1.168) of increases in risk for all PTB, early PTB and late PTB among the normoglycemia women, with each 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 exposure, respectively. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure had the strongest effect on all PTB during trimester 1 (0-12 gestational weeks) among the pre-pregnancy IFG women, compared with the less strong effect during trimester 1 among the normoglycemia women. In conclusion, pre-pregnancy IFG increases the risk of PTB attributed to PM2.5, especially during trimester 1. Moreover, the effects of PM2.5 are greater on early PTB than late PTB for both pre-pregnancy IFG and normoglycemia women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Liang
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Jialing Qiu
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Guangdong Institute of Family Planning Science and Technology, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China; Guangdong Province Fertility Hospital, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China; National Health Committee of China (NHCC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521 Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Family Planning Science and Technology, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China; Guangdong Province Fertility Hospital, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China; National Health Committee of China (NHCC) Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, 17th Meidong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510245, China.
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MoghaddamHosseini V, Dowlatabadi A, Najafi ML, Ghalenovi M, Pajohanfar NS, Ghezi S, Mehrabadi S, Estiri EH, Miri M. Association of traffic-related air pollution with Newborn's anthropometric indexes at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112000. [PMID: 34480947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence has associated exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during pregnancy with birth outcomes. However, the evidence on the association of TRAP exposure and neonatal anthropometric measurements (NAPM) in low and middle-income countries is very scarce yet. Therefore, we investigate the association of prenatal exposure to indicators of traffic and ambient particulate matter (PM) with NAPM. This cross-sectional study was based on hospital medical records of 4053 mother-neonate pairs between May 16, 2016, and December 5, 2018. PMs were estimated at residential addresses based on validated spatiotemporal models. Moreover, total street length in 100, 300 and 500m buffers around the home, residential distance to the ring road, major roads, heavy-traffic lights, gas station, motorway junction, bank, square, bus terminal, public parking and industrial land-use were calculated as indicators of traffic. The head circumference (HC), birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL) of neonates were collected as NAPM. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between PMs and indicators of traffic with NAPM, controlled for relevant covariates. The median (IQR) of BW, BL, and HC of newborns were 3250 (592) gr, 51.0 (3.5) cm, 35 (2) cm, respectively. The adjusted models revealed that higher exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly related with lower BW and BL. Similar results were observed for total street length in a 100 m buffer around maternal home with BW and BL. Moreover, higher distance to heavy traffic lights was significantly associated with higher BW and BL. An IQR increase in PM10 was significantly related to lower HC (95% CI: 0.11, -0.01, P-value = 0.03). An increase in distance from residential address to heavy traffic lights, ring roads, bus terminal, and transportation land-use was associated with higher HC. Overall, our findings suggested that higher prenatal exposure to TRAP was related with lower BW, BL and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afshin Dowlatabadi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Ghalenovi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeede Ghezi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saide Mehrabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Behlen JC, Lau CH, Pendleton D, Li Y, Hoffmann AR, Golding MC, Zhang R, Johnson NM. NRF2-Dependent Placental Effects Vary by Sex and Dose following Gestational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:352. [PMID: 35204234 PMCID: PMC8868520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, PM0.1) during pregnancy triggers placental oxidative stress and inflammation, similar to fine PM (PM2.5). The Nrf2 gene encodes a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is a major regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Disruption of NRF2 is known to substantially enhance PM2.5-driven oxidant and inflammatory responses; however, specific responses to UFP exposure, especially during critical windows of susceptibility such as pregnancy, are not fully characterized; To investigate the role of NRF2 in regulating maternal antioxidant defenses and placental responses to UFP exposure, wildtype (WT) and Nrf2-/- pregnant mice were exposed to either low dose (LD, 100 µg/m3) or high dose (HD, 500 µg/m3) UFP mixture or filtered air (FA, control) throughout gestation; Nrf2-/- HD-exposed female offspring exhibited significantly reduced fetal and placental weights. Placental morphology changes appeared most pronounced in Nrf2-/- LD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Glutathione (GSH) redox analysis revealed significant increases in the GSH/GSSG ratio (reduced/oxidized) in WT female placental tissue exposed to HD in comparison with Nrf2-/- HD-exposed mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (Il1β, Tnfα) was significantly increased in Nrf2-/- placentas from male and female offspring across all exposure groups. Genes related to bile acid metabolism and transport were differentially altered in Nrf2-/- mice across sex and exposure groups. Notably, the group with the most marked phenotypic effects (Nrf2-/- HD-exposed females) corresponded to significantly higher placental Apoa1 and Apob expression suggesting a link between placental lipid transport and NRF2 in response to high dose UFP exposure; Disruption of NRF2 exacerbates adverse developmental outcomes in response to high dose UFP exposure in female offspring. Morphological effects in placenta from male and female offspring exposed to low dose UFPs also signify the importance of NRF2 in maternal-fetal response to UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Behlen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Carmen H. Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;
| | - Michael C. Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Natalie M. Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.C.B.); (D.P.)
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Gong C, Wang J, Bai Z, Rich DQ, Zhang Y. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and term birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect estimates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150744. [PMID: 34619220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect estimates of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 on change in grams (β) of birth weight among term births (≥37 weeks of gestation; term birth weight, TBW) vary widely across studies. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence regarding these associations. Sixty-two studies met the eligibility criteria for this review, and 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the quantitative relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to gain insight into heterogeneity derived from exposure assessment methods (grouped by land use regression [LUR]-models, aerosol optical depth [AOD]-based models, interpolation/dispersion/Bayesian models, and data from monitoring stations), study regions, and concentrations of PM2.5 exposure. The overall pooled estimate involving 23,925,941 newborns showed that TBW was negatively associated with PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increment) during the entire pregnancy (β = -16.54 g), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6%). The effect estimate in the LUR-models subgroup (β = -16.77 g) was the closest to the overall estimate and with less heterogeneity (I2 = 18.3%) than in the other subgroups of AOD-based models (β = -41.58 g; I2 = 95.6%), interpolation/dispersion models (β = -10.78 g; I2 = 86.6%), and data from monitoring stations (β = -11.53 g; I2 = 97.3%). Even PM2.5 exposure levels of lower than 10 μg/m3 (the WHO air quality guideline value) had adverse effects on TBW. The LUR-models subgroup was the only subgroup that obtained similar significant of negative associations during the three trimesters as the overall trimester-specific analyses. In conclusion, TBW was negatively associated with maternal PM2.5 exposures during the entire pregnancy and each trimester. More studies based on relatively standardized exposure assessment methods need to be conducted to further understand the precise susceptible exposure time windows and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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