1
|
Sadiq M, Eqani SAMAS, Podgorski J, Ilyas S, Abbas SS, Shafqat MN, Nawaz I, Berg M. Geochemical insights of arsenic mobilization into the aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173452. [PMID: 38782276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that groundwater arsenic (As) contamination affects million(s) of people throughout the Indus flood plain, Pakistan. In this study, groundwater (n = 96) and drilled borehole samples (n = 87 sediments of 12 boreholes) were collected to investigate geochemical proxy-indicators for As release into groundwater across floodplains of the Indus Basin. The mean dissolved (μg/L) and sedimentary As concentrations (mg/kg) showed significant association in all studied areas viz.; lower reaches of Indus flood plain area (71 and 12.7), upper flood plain areas (33.7 and 7.2), and Thal desert areas (5.3 and 4.7) and are indicative of Basin-scale geogenic As contamination. As contamination in aquifer sediments is dependent on various geochemical factors including particle size (3-4-fold higher As levels in fine clay particles than in fine-coarse sand), sediment types (3-fold higher As in Holocene sediments of floodplain areas vs Pleistocene/Quaternary sediments in the Thal desert) with varying proportion of Al-Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides. The total organic carbon (TOC) of cored aquifer sediments yielded low TOC content (mean = 0.13 %), which indicates that organic carbon is not a major driver (with a few exceptions) of As mobilization in the Indus Basin. Alkaline pH, high dissolved sulfate and other water quality parameters indicate pH-induced As leaching and the dominance of oxidizing conditions in the aquifers of upper flood plain areas of Punjab, Pakistan while at the lower reaches of the Indus flood plain and alluvial pockets along the rivers with elevated flood-driven dissolved organic carbon (exhibiting high dissolved Mn and Fe and a wide range of redox conditions). Furthermore, we also identified that paired dissolved AsMn values (instead of AsFe) may serve as a geochemical marker of a range of redox conditions throughout Indus flood plains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shazia Ilyas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sayyam Abbas
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismat Nawaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu J, Wang P, Li J, Zhang Q, Tian L, Liu T, Ma W, Zheng H. Hazard profiles, distribution trends, and sources tracing of rare earth elements in dust of kindergartens in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124374. [PMID: 38906400 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Children, the most vulnerable group in urban populations, are susceptible to the effects of pollution in urban environments. It is significant to evaluate the influence of rare earth elements (REEs) from kindergartens dust (KD) in Beijing on children's health. This study collected surface dust from 73 kindergartens in 16 districts of the mega-city of Beijing, and the concentrations of 14 REEs in KD, including La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, were detected. The contamination levels, source apportionment, and health exposure risk of REEs were comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that the contamination levels of 14 REEs are within the acceptable range. Nevertheless, Eu, Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Sm show high enrichment due to anthropogenic influence. Besides, KD is rich in light rare earth elements (LREEs) (90.97 mg kg-1) compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) (8.65 mg kg-1). The distribution parameter patterns of REEs suggest that complicated anthropogenic sources influence the enrichment of REEs in KD. The main sources of REEs in KD include natural sources (40.64%), mixed high-tech industries and construction (33.89%), and mixed coal-fired, historical industrial, and transportation sources (26.47%). The primary pathway for daily intake of REEs in children is through ingestion, which presents a low but not negligible health risk. This study provides guidance for the effective risk management of REEs in KD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R. China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Houyi Zheng
- China National Administration of Coal Geology, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eqani SAMAS, Alamdar A, Nawaz I, Shah SSA, Khanam T, Hayder QUA, Sohail M, Katsoyiannis IA, Shen H. Human biomonitoring of trace metals from different altitudinal settings of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25486-25499. [PMID: 38472570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring of toxic trace elements is of critical importance for public health protection. The current study aims to assess the levels of selected trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) into paired human nail and hair samples (n = 180 each) from different altitudinal setting along the Indus River, and which were measured by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The human samples (hair and nail) were collected from four different ecological zones of Pakistan which include frozen mountain zone (FMZ), wet mountain zone (WMZ), riverine delta zone (RDZ), and low-lying southern areas (LLZ). Our results showed the following occurrence trends into studied hair samples: higher values (ppm) of Zn (281), Co (0.136), and Mn (5.65) at FMZ; Cr (1.37), Mn (7.83), and Ni (1.22) at WMZ; Co (0.15), Mn (11.89), and Ni (0.99) at RDZ; and Mn (8.99) and Ni (0.90) at LLZ. While in the case of nails, the levels (ppm) of Mn (9.91) at FMZ and Mn (9.38, 24.1, and 12.5), Cr (1.84, 3.87, and 2.33), and Ni (10.69, 8.89, and 12.6) at WMZ, RDZ and LLZ, respectively, showed higher concentration. In general, among the studied trace elements, Mn and Ni in hair/nail samples were consistently higher and exceeded the WHO threshold/published reference values in most of the studied samples (> 50-60%) throughout the Indus basin. Similarly, hair/nail Pb values were also higher in few cases (2-10%) at all studied zones and exceeded the WHO threshold/published reference values. Our area-wise comparisons of studied metals exhibited altitudinal trends for Cd, Cr, Zn, and Mn (p < 0.05), and surprisingly, the values were increasing from south to north (at higher altitudes) and indicative of geogenic sources of the studied toxic elements, except Mn, which was higher at lower floodplain areas. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values showed that food and drinking water had the highest contribution towards Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni and accumulation at all studied zones. Whereas, dust also acts as the main exposure route for Mn, Co, Cr, and Cd followed by the food, and water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Environment Health Sciences and Managment, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Nawaz
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sayyam Abbas Shah
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tasawar Khanam
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Hayder
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Sargodha Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ioannis A Katsoyiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiwari R, Upadhyay V, Bhat SA, Kumar S. Sewage treatment plant dust: An emerging concern for heavy metals-induced health risks in urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169231. [PMID: 38072263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal-related pollution from dust is a significant source of toxic elements in urban areas. The present study aimed to assess the health risk posed by heavy metals present in dust samples to the people residing near the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Dust samples were collected from an STP with a capacity of 130 mega litres per day (MLD). Data analysis indicated highly contaminated STP dust with Enrichment Factor (EF) suggesting an anthropogenic origin of selected metals (As, Co, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Ni, Mn). The contamination factor values of metals highlighted a greater degree of contamination in the selected area. Notably, a strong correlation (>0.5) was observed between metals. The EF value was found to be >40 indicating high enrichment for all the metals except Fe. In-depth chemical analysis and health risk assessments were conducted, revealing an Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) value of 1 × 10-6 and HQ (Hazard Quotient) value of 1. These values are significantly exceeding the safe limits for both children and adults which could develop cancerous properties in human beings. In an effort to reduce toxicity, dust samples were also subjected to vermicomposting treatment to assess the potential effectiveness of the earthworms. The EF value of vermicomposted dust came out to be lower than the untreated one. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for adults exhibited the following pattern of HQing > HQder > HQinh (indicating that the Hazard Quotient from ingestion is greater than that from dermal contact, which is in turn greater than inhalation). This investigation offers crucial insights into the increased risks of cancerous and non-cancerous ailments for individuals living or working in proximity to STPs. This research also highlights the pressing need to implement effective measures for safeguarding public health and mitigating environmental pollution in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidisha Upadhyay
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nana AS, Falkenberg T, Rechenburg A, Ntajal J, Kamau JW, Ayo A, Borgemeister C. Seasonal variation and risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural lowlands of central Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4007-4023. [PMID: 36631578 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensive urban agriculture is expanding in Cameroon, which increases the risks of environmental pollution, particularly in the lowlands. This study assessed the seasonal characteristics of some potentially toxic elements and their ecological risks during the dry and wet seasons in urban agricultural soils in four lowlands in Yaoundé. The area and seasonal variation of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were evaluated using mixed-effects modeling. The pollution status of these elements in the soil was evaluated and interpreted using parameters such as the single pollution (SPI) and Nemerow composite pollution (NCPI) indices. In addition, the effect of these metals in the environment was assessed using the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The distribution of all the studied elements showed an area effect, while a seasonal effect was only noticeable for Cu. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn was higher than the recommended threshold values in one of the areas sampled, while Cr exceeded these threshold values in all areas during both seasons. Cr exhibited the highest SPI among all studied elements during the dry and wet seasons in all areas. Except for the NCPI in one area, where grade V (strong) soil pollution was recorded during the wet season, the soil from all the study areas exhibited a slight pollution level (grade III) with a mean NCPI between 1 and 2. The PERI value of all areas was below the reference values during both seasons, suggesting an overall low potential contamination risk of the soil biota. The results indicate that preventive action to limit the heavy metal contamination in the lowlands of Yaoundé needs to be taken, for instance, through the promotion of more sustainable use of agrochemicals like pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Stephanie Nana
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Timo Falkenberg
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Rechenburg
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua Ntajal
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ayo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sohail M, Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani SA, Ilyas S, Bokhari H, Ali N, Podgorski JE, Muhammad S, Adelman D, Lohmann R. Gaseous and soil OCPs and PCBs along the Indus River, Pakistan: spatial patterns and air-soil gradients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:531-541. [PMID: 36661269 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presents first-hand information on the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ambient air and surface soil along the Indus flood-plain, Pakistan. The sampling campaign was conducted at 15 site locations during 2014-15, along the Indus River (approximately 1300 km). Composite surface soil samples (N = 15) and passive air samples (N = 15) were collected for the estimation of gaseous POPs as well as air-soil exchange to evaluate the POP emission and distribution or dispersion patterns, source tracking, and contribution of the local and regional sources towards POP accumulation in the Indus River system. Among the studied POPs, levels of DDTs and PCBs were noticeably higher in ambient air (50-560 and 10-1100 pg m-3) and in soil (0.20-350 and 1.40-20 ng g-1), respectively. Regarding the spatial patterns, higher DDT concentrations (ng g-1) were detected in the air and soil samples collected from the wet mountain zone (WMZ) (p < 0.05), followed by the alluvial riverine zone (ARZ), low-lying mountain zone (LLZ), and frozen mountain zone (FMZ). The PCB data did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05) for the air samples, while PCB concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in soil from the LLZ, which may be associated with rapid urbanization and industrial activities in this area. The air-soil exchange of DDTs and PCBs showed net volatilization at most of the studied sites except for a few samples from the FMZ and WMZ. Results of this study about air-soil exchange gradients indicate the long range regional atmospheric transport (LRAT) of POPs to the colder areas (FMZ) of Pakistan, where these act as a secondary source of POPs in these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Sargodha Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Shazia Ilyas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joel E Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Dave Adelman
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan J, E S, Che Z, Cao K. Temporal variation of heavy metals in sewage sludge in typical cities in Gansu Province, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:453. [PMID: 36892665 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the temporal behaviors of heavy metals in sewage sludge in typical cities of industrial, industrial-agricultural, agricultural, or energy focused. Samples were collected every 10 days for a period of 1 year in four types of cities of Lanzhou, Tianshui, Qingyang, and Zhangye. The average annual values for all four cities were Cd (1.59-3.16 mg/kg), Pb (41.9-55.1 mg/kg), Cr (63.8-92.0 mg/kg), Cu (75.7-92.6 mg/kg), Zn (498-612 mg/kg), and Ni (3.66-4.25 mg/kg). The highest values were observed in June for Cd, Cr, and Zn, at Lanzhou and Tianshui. At Qingyang and Zhangye, the Cd, Cr, and Zn contents were stable throughout the year. There was a similar monthly change among the four cities regarding the levels of Ni content, and it was far below the background value. The monthly fluctuations in Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn are mainly due to street dust effect. For cities with a developed industry, the impact of street dust during the first rains of the year on sewage sludge's heavy metal content must be highlighted as being of particular importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yuan
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shengzhe E
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zongxian Che
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Kun Cao
- Qingyang Wozhong Agricultural Technology Corporation Limited, Qingyang, 74500, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Lu X, Fan P, Yu B, Wang L, Lei K, Zuo L. Multi-element features and trace metal sources of road sediment from a mega heavy industrial city in North China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137093. [PMID: 36332740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the primary carrier of harmful elements, road sediment poses severe hazards to human health and ecological environment, especially in megacities. Based on the industrial cities in North China, this research focused on the multi-element features and the pollution levels, sources, and spatial distributions of trace metals in road sediment of Shijiazhuang. The mean levels of P (928.4 mg kg-1), S (1446.2 mg kg-1), Cl (783.9 mg kg-1), Br (5.3 mg kg-1), Na2O (2.0%), CaO (9.9%), Co (36.0 mg kg-1), Pb (38.0 mg kg-1), Cu (34.7 mg g-1), Zn (149.1 mg kg-1), Ba (518.1 mg kg-1), and Sr (224.9 mg kg-1) in road sediment were greater than their soil background values. Trace metals in most samples was moderately (75%) and heavily contaminated (15.6%). The industrial areas, congested roads, and residential areas in the northeast, middle and south of Shijiazhuang are the hotspots of trace metals pollution. A comprehensive analysis of trace metals sources indicated that Ni, V, Ga, Rb, Y, Sc, La, Ce, Zr, and Hf were mainly from natural source, which contributed to 34.2% of the total trace metals concentrations. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ba, Sr, and Mn primarily originated from mixed source, which accounted for 46.5%. Co principally came from building source, which accounted for 19.3%. This study shows that industrial discharges, construction dust and traffic emissions are the primary anthropogenic sources of trace metals in road sediment in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tepe Y, Şimşek A, Ustaoğlu F, Taş B. Spatial-temporal distribution and pollution indices of heavy metals in the Turnasuyu Stream sediment, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:818. [PMID: 36136175 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential contamination levels and human health risk of heavy metals in sediment of the Turnasuyu Stream in Ordu, Turkey, were evaluated comprehensively by taking seasonal samples from three different locations. The order of the mean heavy metals (HMs) concentrations (mg/kg) were as follows: Fe > Al > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Co > Cr > Ni > Cd > As. All HM levels, except Cd and Pb, were in the minimum enrichment range as assessed by the sediment enrichment factor (EF). Similar low contamination levels for all HM, except Pb and Cd, were also observed when the contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were taken into account. The low risk of the study area has also been confirmed by the ecological risk index (Eri) values. The probable human health risk assessment has been performed, and the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) values for adults were found as negligible with values below 10-6. In addition, the hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) results were both higher in children than in adults. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) revealed the highest correlation between Cd and Pb (0.85). When the ecological indexes and statistical results are evaluated together, it is thought that the presence of HMs in the sediment may be due to lithological reasons as well as anthropogenic activities such as quarrying, municipal, agricultural, and domestic discharges in the region. Mitigation measures should be taken in accordance with the standards within the river basin to prevent the potential risks of pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Tepe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Arife Şimşek
- Blacksea Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Ustaoğlu
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Taş
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hydrobiology Section, Ordu University, Cumhuriyet Campus, 52200, Altınordu, Ordu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sohail M, Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani S, Bokhari H, Zaffar Hashmi M, Ali N, Alamdar A, Podgorski JE, Adelman D, Lohmann R. Freely dissolved organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) along the Indus River Pakistan: spatial pattern and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65670-65683. [PMID: 35499728 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freely dissolved OCPs and PCBs were measured by using polyethylene passive samplers at 15 sites during 2014 throughout the stretch of the Indus River to investigate the spatial pattern and risk assess. Levels (pg/L) of dissolved ∑OCPs and ∑PCBs ranged from 34 to 1600 and from 3 to 230. Among the detected OCPs, dissolved DDTs (p,p'-DDE, followed by p,p'-DDT) predominated with levels of 0.48 to 220 pg/L. The order of occurrence for other studied OCPs was as follows: HCB, endosulfans, chlordanes, and HCHs. Spatially, dissolved (pg/L) ∑OCPs varied (p < 0.05) as the following: surface water of the alluvial riverine zone (ARZ) showed the highest levels (114) followed by the frozen mountain zone (FMZ) (52.9), low-lying zone (LLZ) (28.73), and wet mountain zone (WMZ) (14.43), respectively. However, our zone-wise PCB data did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05). Principal component analysis/multilinear regression results showed pesticide usage in the crop/orchard fields and health sector, electric and electronic materials, and widespread industrial activities as the main source of OCPs and PCBs along the Indus River. Our results showed that OCPs and PCBs contaminated water intake, playing an important role towards the considerable cancer/non-cancer risk (HI and CR values) along the Indus River Flood-Plain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Sargodha Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Habib Bokhari
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Ecohealth and Environmental Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joel E Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dave Adelman
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geochemical Analysis of Cretaceous Shales from the Hazara Basin, Pakistan: Provenance Signatures and Paleo-Weathering Conditions. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical investigation of shales from the Early to Middle Cretaceous Chichali Formation in the Hazara Basin was conducted to determine the origin, tectonic setting and evolution, paleo-weathering conditions, and paleo-oceanographic reconstruction. The research included a comprehensive field survey, sample collection, and analysis of a variety of main, trace, and rare-earth elements using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Bivariate plots and ternary diagrams were used to determine the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleo-weathering conditions that existed during the development of the Chichali Formation in the Hazara Basin. The values of Ba/Sc, Ba/Co, Th/Sc, Cr/Th, Cr/Zr, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Sc/Th, bivariate plots of Al2O3 vs. TiO2, TiO2 vs. Zr, TiO2 vs. Ni, Df1–Df2, Zr vs. Nb, and La/Sc vs. Th/Co, and ternary diagram of K2O–Fe2O3–Al2O3 were used to illustrate the passive continental margin setting of Chichali Formation shales. The detailed chemical analysis also provides an understanding of the marine geochemical cycle, which reflects the origin of these sediments. The average K2O/Al2O3 value is less than 0.4, indicating that the shale contains clay minerals. The Chichali Formation’s Chemical Index of Alteration (mean = 71) and Index of Compositional Variation (mean = 1.12) values show a modest degree of chemical weathering in the source locations. From an environmental standpoint, the Chichali Formation is richer in toxic elements such as Ba, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu, which may be damaging to agricultural soils and drinking water when present in excess. These metals are incorporated into the formation during the weathering process.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Du D, Gan Y, Ji S, Wang L, Chang M, Liu J. Foliar dust as a reliable environmental monitor of heavy metal pollution in comparison to plant leaves and soil in urban areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132341. [PMID: 34563786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of atmospheric particulate matter carrying heavy metals has posed a great threat to various ecosystem compartments. Here, a total of 540 samples from four ecosystem compartments (plant leaves, foliar dust, surface soil, and subsoil) were collected in urban soil-plant systems to characterize the heavy metal concentration and composition of foliar dust, to verify the suitability of foliar dust as an environmental monitor, and to explore the importance of foliar dust in shaping the heavy metal composition in plant leaves. We found that the concentrations of all detected elements (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, and manganese) in foliar dust were the highest among the four ecosystem compartments. The mass of element per unit leaf area, considering both the dust retention amount and the heavy metal concentration of foliar dust, had significant positive correlations with the degree of heavy metal pollution in soil. Foliar dust could reflect ambient elemental composition most reliably among the four ecosystem compartments. The above findings show that foliar dust is more suitable for environmental monitoring than soil and plant materials in urban areas. In addition, the elemental composition of plant leaves differed significantly with different soil-plant systems although species identity dominated the leaf elemental composition. The variation partitioning model and the partial correlation analysis confirm that foliar dust plays a more important role in shaping the elemental composition of plant leaves than soil. This study provides a new way for environmental pollution monitoring and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric particulate matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yandong Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Shuping Ji
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mengjie Chang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang HZ, Cai LM, Wang S, Hu GC, Chen LG. A comprehensive exploration on pollution characteristics and health risks of potentially toxic elements in indoor dust from a large Cu smelting area, Central China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57569-57581. [PMID: 34091847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale smelting activities release large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fine particles. These particles floating in the air eventually settle on leaves, roads, and even indoors. In smelting areas, indoor environments are generally considered relatively safe. However, these areas are not taken seriously and need to be assessed. This paper systematically studied pollution characteristics, main sources and health risks of ten potentially toxic elements, PTEs (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, and Tl), of dust samples from different indoor environments in smelting areas using various methods. Therefore, this study analyzed dust samples from 35 indoor environments. The enrichment factors showed that the indoor dust samples were extremely enriched by Cd and Cu and significantly enriched by Hg, Pb, As, and Zn. The result of the spatial distribution showed that the high-value PTEs were mainly distributed near the Cu smeltery. Three sources were quantitatively assigned for these PTEs, and they were industrial smelting and traffic activities (44.40%), coal-fired activities (18.11%), and natural existence (37.49%). Based on the calculation of health risk, the value of THI for children was 7.57, indicating a significant non-carcinogenic risk. For carcinogenic risk, the values of TCR for children and adults were 2.91×10-2 and 2.97×10-3, respectively, which were much higher than the acceptable risk value 1×10-4. Combining health risk assessment with source discrimination, we found that the industrial discharges and traffic activities were the most main source of non-cancer and cancer risks. Therefore, smelting activities should be more strictly monitored, and traffic emission management should be strengthened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Hu
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Lai-Guo Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Natural Processes and Anthropogenic Activity in the Indus River Sedimentary Environment in Pakistan: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Indus River is Asia’s longest river, having its origin in the Tibet Mountain northwest of Pakistan. Routed from northern Gilgit and flowing to the plains, the river passes through several provinces and is connected by numerous small and large tributaries. The river was formed tectonically due to the collusion of the Indian and Eurasian plates, which is referred to as the Indus suture Plains zone (ISPZ). The geological setting of the study area is mainly composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The river passed through a variety of climatic zones and areas, although the predominant climate is subtropic arid and sub arid to subequatorial. Locally and globally, anthropogenic activities such as building, dams, and water canals for irrigation purposes, mining exploration, and industries and factories all affected the physical and chemical behaviors of the sediments in various rivers. The main effect of human activities is the reworking of weathered soil smectite, a chemical weathering indicator that rises in the offshore record about 5000 years ago. This material indicates increased transport of stronger chemically weathered material, which may result from agriculture-induced erosion of older soil. However, we also see evidence for the incision of large rivers into the floodplain, which is also driving the reworking of this type of material, so the signal may be a combination of the two. Sediments undergo significant changes in form and size due to clashing with one another in the high-charge river.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bashir I, War AF, Rafiq I, Reshi ZA, Rashid I, Shouche YS. Phyllosphere microbiome: Diversity and functions. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126888. [PMID: 34700185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phyllosphere or aerial surface of plants represents the globally largest and peculiar microbial habitat that inhabits diverse and rich communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, nematodes, and protozoans. These hyperdiverse microbial communities are related to the host's specific functional traits and influence the host's physiology and the ecosystem's functioning. In the last few years, significant advances have been made in unravelling several aspects of phyllosphere microbiology, including diversity and microbial community composition, dynamics, and functional interactions. This review highlights the current knowledge about the assembly, structure, and composition of phyllosphere microbial communities across spatio-temporal scales, besides functional significance of different microbial communities to the plant host and the surrounding environment. The knowledge will help develop strategies for modelling and manipulating these highly beneficial microbial consortia for furthering scientific inquiry into their interactions with the host plants and also for their useful and economic utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bashir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Aadil Farooq War
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iflah Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Men C, Wang Y, Liu R, Wang Q, Miao Y, Jiao L, Shoaib M, Shen Z. Temporal variations of levels and sources of health risk associated with heavy metals in road dust in Beijing from May 2016 to April 2018. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129434. [PMID: 33388498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the temporal variations of heavy metals, health risk, and source-specific health risk, 24 road dust samples were collected from Beijing in each month in two years. The temporal variations of Hg, Pb, and Ni were higher than other heavy metals. Most heavy metals reached their highest concentrations either in winter or in spring, then the concentrations decreased and reached the lowest values in autumn. Human health risk assessment (HHRA) model showed that As, Cr, and Ni might pose cautionary carcinogenic risk (CR) to children (CR > 10-6). CR for adults were only 0.15 to 0.19 times of that for children. Four sources were identified based on positive matrix factorization model and HHRA model, they were traffic exhaust, fuel combustion, construction, and use of pesticides and fertilizers. Influenced by the difference of carcinogenicity of heavy metals, traffic exhaust contributed the largest to heavy metals (36.02%, over 42.24% higher than other sources), while contributions of fuel combustion to CR (36.95%) was similar to traffic exhaust (37.17%). Monte-Carlo simulation showed that the 95th percentile of probability density functions of CR posed by Cr and Ni from each source were 9.90 × 10-5 to 2.64 × 10-4, posing cautionary carcinogenic risk to children. The seasonal change of CR varied among different sources. CR from use of pesticides and fertilizers in spring was 35.06 times of that in winter, and that from fuel combustion in winter was 1.15-2.40 times of that in other seasons. CR from each source was sensitive to ingestion rate and skin adherence factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mondal S, Singh G. Pollution evaluation, human health effect and tracing source of trace elements on road dust of Dhanbad, a highly polluted industrial coal belt of India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2081-2103. [PMID: 33389370 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dust samples were collected from roads of five distinct types of land use zones (National Highway, residential areas, sensitive areas, mining areas, and busy traffic areas) of Dhanbad to determine the pollution characteristics, health risk, and identifying the source of trace elements. The dust samples were segregated into ≤ 60 µm and trace elements like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analysed. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Mn were observed highest in the mining areas, whereas Ni, Pb, and Zn presented higher concentration values at National Highway and busy traffic zones. Cd showed highest geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and ecological risk (ER) among all the trace elements. The health risk assessment model was performed to assess the health effects of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants caused due to multi-elemental exposure on adults and children. The significantly higher HQ (Hazard Quotient) and HI (Hazard Index) values posed by Cr, Fe, and Mn indicated potential non-carcinogenic risks to the people of Dhanbad. Similarly, values of CR (Cancer Risk) for Cd, Cr and Ni were within the range of 10-6-10-4, which indicated to cause carcinogenic risk to the population by the exposure of road dust. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation showed that coal mining activities in Jharia coalfield, coal-based industries like coke-oven plants, coal washeries and heavy vehicular load in the roads of Dhanbad were the major causes of emission of these trace elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rehman A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ahmed R, Rashid MS, Irshad S, Shakoor A, Farooq MR. Morpho-chemical characterization and source apportionment of potentially toxic metal(oid)s from school dust of second largest populous city of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110427. [PMID: 33221307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interior settled dust is one of the greatest threats of potentially toxic metal(oid)s (PTMs) exposure to the children, especially in the school environment. Therefore, it is more worthy of having in-depth knowledge of compositional characteristics of school dust. Forty schools were selected of Lahore city for dust sampling. The school dust was analyzed to determine the PTMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn) concentrations using ICP-MS. The morphological characteristics, PTMs speciation, and mineralogy of school dust were examined using SEM with EDS, XPS, and XRD, respectively. Moreover, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and multivariate statistical analysis were employed to assess the pollution levels, ecological risk, and source identification of PTMs, respectively. The Igeo indicated a heavily-extreme pollution level of Cd (Igeo = 4.92), moderate-heavy pollution of Zn (Igeo = 3.22), and Pb (Igeo = 2.78), and slight-moderate pollution of Cr (Igeo = 1.62), and Cu (Igeo = 1.53). The ecological risk has been found extremely high for Cd and moderately high for Pb and As, while potential ecological risk found extremely high posed by cumulatively all selected PTMs. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that sources of PTMs comprise of natural processes as well as several anthropogenic processes like vehicular emissions, agricultural and industrial activities. The SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses demonstrated the presence of airborne particles and PTMs containing minerals with several toxic chemical species in school dust. This study can help to develop strategies to reduce school indoor pollution and hence to establish an eco-friendly learning environment for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Raza Farooq
- Advanced Laboratory for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ren Y, Lin M, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Fei X, Xiao R, Lv X. Contamination assessment, health risk evaluation, and source identification of heavy metals in the soil-rice system of typical agricultural regions on the southeast coast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12870-12880. [PMID: 33095894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To quantitatively assess heavy metal accumulation and potential ecological and human health risks as well as analyze the sources of metals in a typical soil-rice system located on the southeast coast of China, 120 topsoil samples and corresponding rice grain samples were collected across the study area. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Ni were analyzed. The results revealed that Hg, Cd, and Cu were the main pollutants in soils. Besides, according to geo-accumulation value of Hg, 18.3% of samples were at or above moderate contamination levels. Additionally, the soil was in moderate ecological risk from combined heavy metal pollution, and 49.7% and 27.0% of this risk could be attributed to Hg and Cd pollution, respectively, due to their high toxic-response factors. For the rice samples, Cd content showed the highest biological accumulation coefficient value (40.8%) in rice grains and was slightly greater than its maximum allowable value (MAV) (0.2 mg/kg) in 7.5% of samples, whereas the other metals were all lower than their corresponding MAVs. Heavy metal exposure (especially As exposure) via rice consumption causes significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to adults, and non-carcinogenic risk to children, while the carcinogenic risk to children was at tolerable level. Greater rice consumption might be responsible for the greater health risk to adults than children. Natural sources (loaded heavily with Cr and Ni) such as lithogenic components and soil parent materials, agricultural activities (loaded heavily with Cd, Cu, and Zn), especially excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and industrial activities (loaded heavily with Hg, Pb, and As) including vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and those of the textile and chemical industries were identified as the main sources. Effective regulations should be enforced to guarantee the safety of farm produce and protect ecological and human health in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ren
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Qingdao Urban Planning and Design Research Institute, Qiangdao, China
| | - Qingming Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Fei
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.198 Shiqiao Road, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Xiao
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Lv
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.198 Shiqiao Road, Zhejiang, 310021, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability of Agriculture Products, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi T, Wang Y. Heavy metals in indoor dust: Spatial distribution, influencing factors, and potential health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142367. [PMID: 33032138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the large proportion of time that people spend indoors, the potential health risks posed by heavy metals in the indoor environment deserve greater attention. A global-scale assessment of heavy metal contamination in indoor dust was conducted in this study based on >127 articles published between 1985 and 2019. The pollution levels, spatio-temporal variations, sources, bioaccessibilities, influencing factors, and health risks of heavy metals associated with indoor dust were analyzed. Children's blood lead levels (BLLs) were also estimated using the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model. The results indicated that the median concentrations of Cu and Zn in 71.9% and 71.0% of the study sites surpassed the corresponding permissible limits, 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively; thus, their control should be given priority. Heavy metal concentrations in indoor dust from different areas of the world varied greatly, which was closely associated with the type of local human activities, such as mining, melting, e-waste recycling and Pb-related industries. The bioaccessibilities of some key elements, e.g., Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn, in household dust were high. The levels of heavy metals in indoor dust were mainly affected by a combination of outdoor and indoor sources and related critical factors, and future studies should focus on quantifying the contributions of different sources. Based on the health risk assessment, dust Pb exposure is a major health concern in e-waste recycling areas, which warrants greater attention. 49.8%, 36.8% and 14.4% of study sites showed BLLs exceeding 35 μg/L (threshold limit in Germany), 50 μg/L (threshold limit in the USA), or 100 μg/L (threshold limit in China), respectively. Finally, Pb exposure from indoor dust represents a major contributor to children's blood Pb poisoning in many developing countries. This study details the overall heavy metal contamination status of indoor dust and provides insights for policymakers with respect to pollution prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Shi
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Ecology and Environment, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Ecology and Environment, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jadoon WA, Abdel-Dayem SMMA, Saqib Z, Takeda K, Sakugawa H, Hussain M, Shah GM, Rehman W, Syed JH. Heavy metals in urban dusts from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt: implications for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2007-2018. [PMID: 32862349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A total of 23 road-dust and 9 house-dust samples were collected from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh cities, Egypt in 2016 to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination, spatial distribution, sources, and health risks. The mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of Cd (road-dust (RD) = 0.33, house-dust (HD) = 0.77), Cu (RD = 80, HD = 141), Pb (RD = 70, HD = 260), and Zn (RD = 169, HD = 771) in Alexandria and Zn (RD = 192, HD = 257) in Kafr El-Sheikh were higher than corresponding background (background refers to generic earth crust shale values given in the literature) levels. Whereas average concentrations (mg kg-1) of Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni (Alexandria: RD = 2.7, 24.3, 251, 14.4; HD = 3.2, 29.2, 237, 25.1 and Kafr El-Sheikh: RD = 6.6, 31.9, 343, 20.2; HD = 8.6, 33.4, 438, 23.2) in both cities were much lower than their background values. Spatially, for most heavy metals, the high concentrations were observed in areas characterized with increased anthropogenic activities, heavy traffic, and high population density. Contamination indices revealed moderate contamination (Cd and Cu) to high contamination (Pb: only house-dust from Alexandria), which posed low (most metals) to moderate ecological risk (Cd and Pb). Correlation analysis and factor analysis classified the studied metals in two groups as: natural input (Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe) and anthropogenic sources (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The noncancerous risks posed by studied metals ranged from 0.0001 (Cd) to 0.15 (Pb) and were insignificant. The cancerous risk of Pb (1.4 × 10-4) for children on exposure to house-dust form Alexandria exceeded the guideline values and was considered unacceptable, whereas the cancerous risks of other studied metals were acceptable for both subpopulations. The results of health risk revealed that children are facing higher risk than adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Azeem Jadoon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Sherif Mohamed Mohamed Ali Abdel-Dayem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
- Department of Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakugawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21130, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Tarlai Kalan Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sihlahla M, Mouri H, Nomngongo PN. Assessment of bioavailability and mobility of major and trace elements in agricultural soils collected in Port St Johns, Eastern Cape, South Africa using single extraction procedures and pseudo-total digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1615-1628. [PMID: 33312666 PMCID: PMC7721779 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ultrasound assisted single extraction and pseudo-total digestion procedures to investigate the bioavailability and mobility of major and trace elements collected from agricultural soil collected in Mzimvubu farmstead area located in Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province (South Africa). MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential metal availability was assessed using complexing agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), mild (cacium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)), deionized water and acidic (CH3COOH) extractants with the assistance of ultrasound to evaluate mobility and bioavailability of metals. The ultrasound radiation was used to assist the single extraction of major and trace metals from agricultural soils as well shortening the extraction time. The pseudo-total metal content in agricultural soils was obtained using pseudo-total digestion employing aqua-regia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained using different solvents for single extraction procedures, revealed that higher extraction of Al (256-681 mg kg-1), Fe (172-430 mg kg-1) and Mn (35-136 mg kg-1), was observed compared to other metals. Among the investigated solvents, deionized water, acetic acid and EDTA proved to be the most aggressive extractants. The geo-accumulation index (2-6) and contamination factor (3-6) demonstrated that Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn could pose significant environmental contamination risk. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the high levels of some studied metals was due to anthropogenic activities. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00581-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masixole Sihlahla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, APK- Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N. Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- DSI/NRF SARChI Chair: Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shahab A, Zhang H, Ullah H, Rashid A, Rad S, Li J, Xiao H. Pollution characteristics and toxicity of potentially toxic elements in road dust of a tourist city, Guilin, China: Ecological and health risk assessment ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115419. [PMID: 32829033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Road dust samples from industrial, urban, and tourist areas of the international tourist city of Guilin, China, were collected to study the concentration, spatial distribution, pollution level, and health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) using an array-based risk assessment model from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk index, and spatial interpolation were used to investigate the road dust pollution level. The results indicated that apart from Ni and Al, the concentration of all the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and As) were markedly higher than the corresponding background values in the three functional areas. Based on the Igeo, the study area had an uncontaminated to moderate pollution level, and the industrial area was slightly more polluted and posed a greater ecological risk than the urban and tourist areas. Comparatively, Pb, Zn, and Cu exhibited higher pollution levels in the three functional sites. Hotspots of PTEs were more concentrated in urban and industrial areas than in tourist areas. Furthermore, the health risk model revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks to children from As in urban, industrial, and tourist areas as the hazard quotients (1.64, 2.04, and 1.42, respectively) exceeded the threshold standard of 1.00. The carcinogenic risk via ingestion (RIing) illustrated significant risks to children from Cr, As, and Ni because the RIing values were considerably higher than the threshold standard (1.00E-6 to 1.00E-4) in the three functional areas. However, no cancer risk was observed from the dermal and inhalation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollutant Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Rad
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jieyue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - He Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khanam T, Eqani SAMAS, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Sadiq M, Rasheed H, Shen H. Urinary profiles of selected metals and arsenic and their exposure pathway analysis in four large floodplains of Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139586. [PMID: 32526565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In context of fragile geological conditions and rapid urbanization, element exposure via dietary (food, water) and non-dietary (dust, soil) routes into human population at different land use settings is a major concern in the Indus floodplains (FPs) of Pakistan. In current study, several important trace elements including arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed in the paired human urine, food, water and dust samples collected from main FPs of Pakistan. Daily intake estimation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between internal exposure, exposure routes of studied trace elements and different land use settings. High concentrations of urinary As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd were detected in the general male population of the studied floodplains (FPs). Moreover, the levels (μg/L) of urinary As increased gradually from FP1 (12.8), FP2 (18), FP3 (61) to FP4 (71). Regression analysis showed that As contaminated water was correlated with elevated urinary As concentrations in FP3 and FP4, and water Cr and Mn was significantly associated with urinary Cr and Mn concentrations in FP2. Moreover, the associations of food Mn and urinary Mn were found in FP1. Over all, cumulative estimated daily intake (EDI) values from water, dust and food from all the flood plains showed that Mn had the highest values (6.6, 9.2, 14.4 μg/kg/day) followed by water As (1.98 μg/kg/day), dust Cu (1.5 μg/kg/day) and Pb (1.7 μg/kg/day). Studied floodplains were moderately to highly polluted in terms of studied trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd) contamination especially in FP3 and FP4. The results will contribute to improve the knowledge and information on current exposure of Pakistani male adults to the different contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasawar Khanam
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ikegami A, Ohtsu M, Sahito A, Khan AA, Fatmi Z, Nakagi Y, Yoshida T, Kayama F. Contribution of house dust contamination towards lead exposure among children in Karachi, Pakistan. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:271-275. [PMID: 32651990 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure is associated with impaired neurodevelopment among children. House dust is recognized as one of the important secondary sources of lead exposure in children. We assessed the relationship between lead contamination in house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. We investigated lead contamination in house dust samples collected from 59 houses in Karachi, Pakistan. The lead content of house dust in Pakistan was relatively higher than that reported in previous studies. Weekly lead intakes from house dust were considerably higher among Pakistani children. In Pakistani children, 12% (7 of 58) showed lead intake values greater than the previous Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of lead. A correlation (Pearson's correlation = 0.37) was found between weekly lead intake from house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. In addition, blood lead levels were significantly higher in children with high lead intakes than in children with low and medium lead intakes. Thus, house dust is an important source of lead exposure in Pakistani children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Ikegami
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohtsu
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ambreen Sahito
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Community Medicine, Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ahmed Khan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakagi
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yoshida
- Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fujio Kayama
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alsohaimi IH, El-Hashemy MA, Al-Ruwaili AG, Seaf El-Nasr TA, Almuaikel NS. Assessment of Trace Elements in Urban Road Dust of a City in a Border Province Concerning Their Levels, Sources, and Related Health Risks. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:23-38. [PMID: 32342127 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most research studies regarding the contamination of urban road dust (RD) focused on mega cities, but little consideration is given for small cities in border areas. The present work investigated the trace elements content in 16 RD samples of particle size < 63 μm at six areas with different anthropogenic activities in Sakaka city, KSA. The trace elements were analyzed using XRF and ICP-MS. Significantly high trace elements concentrations were recorded at small-scale industrial area. Concentrations of trace elements are ranked as Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > As > Se. The contamination evaluation through enrichment factor calculation refers to the existence of an anthropogenic source for certain trace elements, such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Pb. The values of contamination factor indicate the contamination of RD samples collected from small-scale industrial area with these trace elements. The highest pollution load index value recorded at this industrial area suggests that it is a highly polluted area. This was confirmed by applying the one-way ANOVA test for the difference analysis between the investigated areas. The correlation between most of the detected trace elements at the small scale-industrial area was lost due to the variation in their industrial sources. The health risk of some detected trace elements was estimated for two groups of populations, namely workers at the small scale-industrial area and residents (adults and children) at residential areas at this city under study. Workers and resident children were more likely affected by arsenic through the ingestion pathway to cancer because of its higher cancer risk values that were more than the acceptable value 1 × 10-6. Workers and residents (adults and children) are susceptible to noncarcinogenic risks through the ingestion pathway of Fe because of its higher hazard quotient values that are more than one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Alsohaimi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A El-Hashemy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Ruwaili
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A Seaf El-Nasr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit, 75124, Egypt
| | - Nayef S Almuaikel
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zeng Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Zou J, Wang Q, Jin Z, Zeng J, Hou S. Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment for Heavy Metals in a Southern Chinese Reservoir Impacted by Stone Mining Activities. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:342-352. [PMID: 31746539 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants in drinking water pose a potential threat to human health. Metal elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, As, and Pb) in Shanzi Reservoir, China, a drinking water source for nearby cities, were measured in 2013 and 2014. The distribution characteristics of metal elements in water were identified and a health risk assessment model was used to evaluate potential harm. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to determine the main sources of metal pollutants. The results showed that Pb and As exceeded the standard at some sampling sites, whereas other metal elements met the drinking water standards. The spatial distribution of metal elements was extremely uneven and might be affected by either the geochemical environment or human activities in the study region. The total risk value of metals (5 × 10-5 a-1 ) was below the recommended value of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the total cancer risk was higher than the total noncancer risk, and both risks were higher for children than for adults. Arsenic was the priority control pollutant, and the priority control site was located upstream of the reservoir. Source analysis showed that Fe, Mn, and Cu were mainly from soil formation and stone mining and processing industries; Pb and As were mainly from agricultural activities, free dumping and burning of domestic garbage, and atmospheric deposition from transportation emissions; Cd was mainly from agricultural application of fertilizers and pesticides; and Cr was from the stone mining and processing industry and from the electroplating and metal manufacturing industries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:342-352. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing, Ministry of Education of China, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunqin Li
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing, Ministry of Education of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing, Ministry of Education of China, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Soil Erosion, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhifan Jin
- Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Station, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Song Hou
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu H, Yang F, Li H, Li Q, Zhang F, Ba Y, Cui L, Sun L, Lv T, Wang N, Zhu J. Heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment of agricultural soil near a smelter in an industrial city in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:174-186. [PMID: 30810352 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1584666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess heavy metal pollution and human health risk, a total of 28 topsoil samples were collected during four seasons from seven agricultural soil sites near a famous smelter in Jiyuan, China. The maximum concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr were 26.00, 2601.00, 3.29, 65.00, 410.00, 156.30, 54.80, and 73.60 mg kg-1, respectively. Compared with the sampling site nearest to the smelter, the concentrations of six metals at the farthest site were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). All sites were heavily contaminated, with Nemerow index (P) >3.0, and all sites had very high ecological risks related to Cd and Hg. The non-carcinogenic risk for children (based on combined exposure to the eight metals) was above the safety level. The carcinogenic risk of As for adults (8.98 × 10-6) and children (1.49 × 10-5) exceeded the acceptable level (1 × 10-6). Results suggest a serious health risk in the polluted areas, particularly for children.Abbreviation Cd: Cadmium; Pb: Lead; Hg: Mercury; As: Arsenic; Zn: Zinc; Cu: Copper; Ni: Nickel; Cr: Chromium; P: Nemerow index; RI: Potential ecological risk index; Ei: Monomial potential ecological risk of a specific heavy metal; HI: non-carcinogenic hazard index; CR: Carcinogenic risk; TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; OM: Organic matter; MC: Moisture content; ADD: Average daily dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lianglong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianchen Lv
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han Q, Wang M, Cao J, Gui C, Liu Y, He X, He Y, Liu Y. Health risk assessment and bioaccessibilities of heavy metals for children in soil and dust from urban parks and schools of Jiaozuo, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110157. [PMID: 31954218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Urban parks and schools sever as the mainly activity areas for children, but risk assessment posed by heavy metals (HMs) from soil and dust in these area has rarely been investigated. In this study, six urban parks and seven schools in Jiaozuo, China, were taken as research objects to understand the contamination level and bioaccessibility of HMs from soil and dust in urban parks and schools. The results indicated that Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Ni and Co from soil and dust were above the background values, especially Zn and Cd in dust, and As and Cd in soil. Serious Cd pollution was discovered, and respective Cd concentrations in soil and dust were 17.83 and 7.52 times the background value. Additionally, the average concentration and bioaccessibility of Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co in dust were both higher than in soil. High concentration and high bioaccessibility of HMs in dust suggested that HMs contamination were serious and universal in Jiaozuo. The concentrations of most HMs were higher in the gastric phase, except for Cu and Cd which remained higher in the intestinal phase. Both in the gastric phase and intestinal phase, Mn, As and Cd in soil and dust both have high bioaccessibility which all exceed 10%. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks base on the total HMs for children (soil: 7.93, 1.96E-05; dust: 6.44, 3.58E-05) were greater than those for adults (soil: 6.35E-01, 1.32E-05; dust: 5.06E-01, 2.42E-05), and urban parks and schools posed high potential risk for children. Therefore, assessment the risk posed by HMs contamination of soil and dust in urban parks and schools is vital and urgent for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Han
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China.
| | - Jingli Cao
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Chenlu Gui
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Xiangdong He
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Yuchuan He
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454003, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rehman A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Ali MU, Rashid MS, Farooq MR, Javed Z. Characterizing pollution indices and children health risk assessment of potentially toxic metal(oid)s in school dust of Lahore, Pakistan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110059. [PMID: 31837569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal pollution is a renowned environmental concern, especially to sensitive environments like school classrooms and their association with children's health. The study was planned to determine the pollution characteristics of 13 potentially toxic metal (oid)s (PTMs) and their associated children's health risk assessment from school dust samples of considerably three land-use types (residential, roadside, and industrial areas) of Lahore, Pakistan. Geo-accumulation (Igeo), pollution (PI), integrated pollution (IPI) and pollution load (PLI) indexes were used to determine the PTMs contamination and USEPA health risk assessment models were employed to assess the health risks in children. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn for three land-use types were found much higher than the permissible limits. Results of pollution indices revealed that school dust was strongly contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn whilst moderately contaminated with Cr and Cu. Moreover, the health risk assessment models revealed no significant non-cancerous risks in children with predominantly highest hazardous index (HI) of Cr in industrial (4.61E-01) and Pb in both roadside (4.30E-01) and residential (2.26E-01) area schools. According to cumulative HI of all PTMs and exposure routes, the land-use areas were in descending order as industrial > roadside > residential. The calculations of hazardous quotient (HQ) showed ingestion was the leading pathway of PTMs exposure through school dust. For carcinogenic health risk (CR), the most prominent PTM was Cr with values of 1.53E-06 in industrial area schools, found close to the tolerable range (1.0E-06). Hence, school dust of Lahore prominently contaminated with eminent PTMs triggering slight health risks predominantly by ingestion exposure to children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, PR China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Raza Farooq
- Advanced Laboratory for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salem Ali Albar HM, Ali N, Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani SA, Alhakamy NA, Nazar E, Rashid MI, Shahzad K, Ibrahim Ismail IM. Trace metals in different socioeconomic indoor residential settings, implications for human health via dust exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109927. [PMID: 31727497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study a number of heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se) are studied in the floor and air condition (AC) filter dust collected from urban and rural households of Saudi Arabia. To the best of our knowledge, many of these heavy metals are reported for the very first time in the indoor dust of Saudi Arabia. Studied metals were higher in urban dust than rural except Mn and Rb which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in rural dust. All metals, except Cd, Zn, and Ba in urban settings, were detected at higher (P < 0.05) levels in AC filter dust than household floor dust from both rural and urban residential settings. Levels of the two dominant metals i.e., Zn and Mn were up to 1600 and 700 μg/g, respectively in studied dust samples. Also associations between heavy metals and a number of different socio-economic parameters were studied which was significant for some trace metals. In literature exposure to many of trace metals are associated with various health problems, therefore health risk assessment for the Saudi population was calculated by incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazardous index (HI) via dust ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The ILCR for all metals was within the tolerable range of reference values of USEPA (1 × 10- 11 to 1 × 10- 4). However, calculated HI for Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn was more than 1 via dust exposure, which signifies the non-carcinogenic risk. The study highlights the occurrence of toxic metals in the indoor environments of Saudi Arabia and provides baseline data for future studies on these toxic metals in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehtisham Nazar
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Natasha, Dumat C, Shahid M, Khalid S, Murtaza B. Lead Pollution and Human Exposure: Forewarned is Forearmed, and the Question Now Becomes How to Respond to the Threat! RADIONUCLIDES AND HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21638-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Shabanda IS, Koki IB, Low KH, Zain SM, Khor SM, Abu Bakar NK. Daily exposure to toxic metals through urban road dust from industrial, commercial, heavy traffic, and residential areas in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: a health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37193-37211. [PMID: 31745807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human health is threatened by significant emissions of heavy metals into the urban environment due to various activities. Various studies describing health risk analyses on soil and dust have been conducted previously. However, there are limited studies that have been carried out regarding the potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of < 63-μm diameter, via incidental ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation exposure routes by children and adults in developing countries. Therefore, this study evaluated the health risks of heavy metal exposure via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of urban dust particles in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were measured using dust samples obtained from industrial, high-traffic, commercial, and residential areas by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis showed the dominance of these metal concentrations at sites associated with anthropogenic activities. This was suggestive of industrial, traffic emissions, atmospheric depositions, and wind as the significant contributors towards urban dust contamination in the study sites. Further exploratory analysis underlined Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn as the most representative metals in the dust samples. In accommodating the uncertainties associated with health risk calculations and simulating the reasonable maximum exposure of these metals, the related health risks were estimated at the 75th and 95th percentiles. Furthermore, assessing the exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in the dust revealed that ingestion was the primary route of consumption. Children who ingested dust particles in Petaling Jaya could be more vulnerable to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, but the exposure for both children and adults showed no potential health effects. Therefore, this study serves as an important premise for a review and reformation of the existing environmental quality standards for human health safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sani Shabanda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, PMB 1144, Aliero, Nigeria
| | - Isa Baba Koki
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, PMB, Kano, 3220, Nigeria
| | - Kah Hin Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifuddin Md Zain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Mei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dual Role of Metallic Trace Elements in Stress Biology-From Negative to Beneficial Impact on Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133117. [PMID: 31247908 PMCID: PMC6651804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are an interesting group of trace elements (TEs). Some of them are minutely required for normal plant growth and development, while others have unknown biological actions. They may cause injury when they are applied in an elevated concentration, regardless of the importance for the plant functioning. On the other hand, their application may help to alleviate various abiotic stresses. In this review, both the deleterious and beneficial effects of metallic trace elements from their uptake by roots and leaves, through toxicity, up to the regulation of physiological and molecular mechanisms that are associated with plant protection against stress conditions have been briefly discussed. We have highlighted the involvement of metallic ions in mitigating oxidative stress by the activation of various antioxidant enzymes and emphasized the phenomenon of low-dose stimulation that is caused by non-essential, potentially poisonous elements called hormesis, which is recently one of the most studied issues. Finally, we have described the evolutionary consequences of long-term exposure to metallic elements, resulting in the development of unique assemblages of vegetation, classified as metallophytes, which constitute excellent model systems for research on metal accumulation and tolerance. Taken together, the paper can provide a novel insight into the toxicity concept, since both dose- and genotype-dependent response to the presence of metallic trace elements has been comprehensively explained.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ali MU, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Abbas Q, Munir MAM. A systematic review on global pollution status of particulate matter-associated potential toxic elements and health perspectives in urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1131-1162. [PMID: 30298288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) that is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with a variety of chemical components and physical features acts as a potential risk to human health. The ability to pose health risk depends upon the size, concentration and chemical composition of the suspended particles. Potential toxic elements (PTEs) associated with PM have multiple sources of origin, and each source has the ability to generate multiple particulate PTEs. In urban areas, automobile, industrial emissions, construction and demolition activities are the major anthropogenic sources of pollution. Fine particles associated with PTEs have the ability to penetrate deep into respiratory system resulting in an increasing range of adverse health effects, at ever-lower concentrations. In-depth investigation of PTEs content and mode of occurrence in PM is important from both environmental and pathological point of view. Considering this air pollution risk, several studies had addressed the issues related to these pollutants in road and street dust, indicating high pollution level than the air quality guidelines. Observed from the literature, particulate PTEs pollution can lead to respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular problems, lungs cancer, reduced lungs function, asthma and severe case mortality. Due to the important role of PM and associated PTEs, detailed knowledge of their impacts on human health is of key importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehr Ahmad Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ali W, Junaid M, Aslam MW, Ali K, Rasool A, Zhang H. A Review on the Status of Mercury Pollution in Pakistan: Sources and Impacts. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:519-527. [PMID: 30915486 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination in environmental matrices and associated human exposure has been recognized as a critical long-lasting issue worldwide. However, studies are still elusive that summarized the overall status of Hg pollution and its impacts on public health in Pakistan. Hence, this review encompasses the environmental prevalence, potential sources, and human exposure tendencies to Hg contamination in Pakistan. Reviewed literature revealed jolting levels of Hg in various environmental samples, such as dust, soil, water, and air collected from the residential and industrial areas. Inhalation of Hg via dust particle was identified as the primary pathway for human exposure, while atmospheric deposition and gold mining are identified as the two primary sources of Hg contamination in the environment. Considering human exposure, the highest bioaccumulation of Hg was ranged from 5885 to 8698 µg/kg in hair samples collected from the residents of the Kashmir Valley, Pakistan. However, in the lower Himalayan regions, including Islamabad and Swabi, the concentration of Hg in hair samples was reported at 1085 µg/kg, slightly beyond WHO devised reference dose (RfD) of Hg (1000 µg/kg). This review revealed the worst scenario of Hg contamination in human biomatrices and environmental compartments in Pakistan, which needed immediate rehabilitation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Wajahat Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta Rasool
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Safiur Rahman M, Khan MDH, Jolly YN, Kabir J, Akter S, Salam A. Assessing risk to human health for heavy metal contamination through street dust in the Southeast Asian Megacity: Dhaka, Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1610-1622. [PMID: 30743952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants in road dusts can directly pose significant human health risks through oral ingestion, particle inhalation, and dermal contact. Therefore, this study has been designed to analyze heavy metal contaminations in 88 street dusts collected from the 22 high traffic sites and industrial areas of the Southeast Asian Megacity: Dhaka (capital of Bangladesh) using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy. This study revealed that the maximum Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, Mn and Cu contents in the street dust samples were 18.9, 11.6, 239.2, 144.3, 37.1, 8.1, 261.5 and 49.6 mg/ kg respectively in which Ni and Pb concentration were 2 times, and Cd concentration was 200 times higher than the background level in soil; and As concentration was slightly higher than soil background level. The spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in street dust samples in Dhaka City was revealed that the hot spot areas of Pb, Ni, Cd and As were mainly associated with heavy traffic and industrial activities. The risk assessment strategies were used for this study for identifying the routes of exposure through oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact by the fine particles (~75 μm) of street dust, especially for children based on the US EPA health risk models. Both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of heavy metals were characterized in street dust samples. Results based on the hazard index (HI), in the case of non-cancer effect, the ingestion of dust particles of children and adults in Dhaka City appeared to be the route of exposure to street dust that results in a higher risk for heavy metals, followed by dermal contact. This study revealed that the inhalation of re-suspended particles through mouth and nose were almost negligible. It was also noticed that children were experiencing the potential health risk due to HI for Cr (1.04), which was slightly higher than the safe level 1, and Cd (0.69) was close to the safe level 1. Reversely, cancer risk for Cr (i.e. 4.27 × 10-6) was fallen within the range of threshold values (10-4 to 10-6) and As (i.e. 9.59 × 10-7) was close to the upper limit of threshold values (10-4 to 10-6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - M D H Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Y N Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - J Kabir
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - S Akter
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, P.O. Box 164, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A Salam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Przybysz A, Nersisyan G, Gawroński SW. Removal of particulate matter and trace elements from ambient air by urban greenery in the winter season. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:473-482. [PMID: 30406588 PMCID: PMC6318236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful inhaled pollutants. When PM is emitted into the atmosphere, the only possible method for cleaning ambient air is through vegetation acting as biological filters for pollutants. However, in winter periods when the concentration of PM is usually the highest, the efficiency of plants is very low. The aim of this work was therefore to examine the accumulation of PM and selected trace elements (TE) by three species, evergreen coniferous Taxus baccata L. and Pinus nigra Arn., and deciduous Carpinus betulus L. during the winter season. The highest amounts of PM accumulated on the foliage of P. nigra, while TE on the leaves of C. betulus. Most of the PM accumulated on plant foliage belonged to the large fraction size (10-100 μm) and was deposited on the surface of foliage (SPM). The concentration of four TE (Ni, Pb, Cd, and Sb) was higher in PM accumulated on foliage, while in the case of three other TE (Zn, Cr and Mg), their concentration was higher in plant tissue. The TE were recorded in all PM size fractions and were rather equally distributed between surface PM (SPM) and in-wax PM (WPM). These findings have implications for urban plantings in countries with short vegetative season, where tolerant conifer species and deciduous species which keep foliage through winter should be included in urban forest plantings due to their efficiency in the removal of pollutants from the air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gayane Nersisyan
- Biochemistry Department of the Center for Ecological-Nooshere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, RA, Yerevan,0025, Abovyan 68 str, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Stanisław Waldemar Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li X, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yan X, Wang S, Yang R, Liu B, Yu H. Urban street dust bound 24 potentially toxic metal/metalloids (PTMs) from Xining valley-city, NW China: Spatial occurrences, sources and health risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:474-487. [PMID: 30015194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Street dusts (SDs) were a significant tracer to understand the pollution status of potentially toxic metal/metalloids (PTMs) in local environment. In this study, a total of 157 SDs were collected in the valley-city of Xining, NW China, with the objective to systematically investigate the spatial occurrences, sources and health risk status of 24 PTMs bound in SDs. The basic datasets of pH and size-fractions showed that the SDs with PTMs were more alkaline and dominated with the coarse particle sizes between PM10-50, respectively. Results of concentration levels and spatial status of 24 PTMs processed with multi-statistical tools well established the sources identification in monitored local areas. It was suggested that the principal elements, Al, Fe, Si, K, Ca, Na, Mg, coupled with the trace elements Bi, Ga, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Th, U, Y, Zr, As, Mn, Ti, V, Ce and La would be possiblely predominated by geogenic source or nature material, whereas contamination of Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn was clearly related to traffic-related sources. Peculiar associations among Cr and Co were possiblely enriched in SDs very close to the alloy industries. However, Sb and Sn differed from other observed PTMs, which appeared to derive predominantly from the coal combustion other than sources of electronic and mechanical industries. Compared to the integrated potential ecological risk index (PERI) of all PTMs with considerable contamination level and ecological risk, the single PTM of Sb posed very high risk. Calculated Hazard Index (HI) suggested ingestion as the most important exposure pathway for the majority of PTMs in children and adults, and no significant health risks of non-carcinogenic to children and adults were found except Cr (2.78) exposured to children. However, the evaluated cancerous risk was in the acceptable range both to children and adults except for the case of Cr exposure to adults (1.55E-06) compared to other PTMs. Although the carcinogenic risk was found no significant level, the maps of spatial carcinogenic risks above the threshold for children and adults were observed in some local monitoring areas, which should be attention and not to be always ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Yan
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Đuričić-Milanković J, Anđelković I, Pantelić A, Petrović S, Gambaro A, Đorđević D. Size-segregated trace elements in continental suburban aerosols: seasonal variation and estimation of local, regional, and remote emission sources. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:615. [PMID: 30267235 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have measured trace element contents in suburban aerosols from six size fractions in the range of PM0.27-16 from a background station in Belgrade (Serbia). The distribution and concentration of elements were determined within each of the investigated Dp fractions with emphasis on the fine and coarse modes. Fine/coarse mode ratios of element can provide information regarding their anthropogenic or natural origin. Analysis of seasonal variations of element contents in fine and coarse mode show that Cd, Co, K, and V have higher concentrations in the fine mode during heating season, while Fe contents are lower. In the coarse mode, Cu and V have higher concentrations during the heating season, while Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sb contents are lower. We also apply a distribution probability model (normal, log-normal, and three-parameter Weibull) as new approach to estimate the distances of emission sources that can contribute to pollutant contents in particulate matter of the investigated location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Đuričić-Milanković
- Higher Medical and Business-Technological School of Apllied Studies, Hajduk Veljkova 10, Šabac, 15000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Anđelković
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantelić
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering-ICTM, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Petrović
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering-ICTM, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-National Research Council (CNR-IDPA), Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy
| | - Dragana Đorđević
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering-ICTM, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 14-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rehman IU, Ishaq M, Ali L, Khan S, Ahmad I, Din IU, Ullah H. Enrichment, spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines, district Chitral, Northern Pakistan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:127-136. [PMID: 29459162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on enrichment, spatial distribution, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and human health risk of various toxic metals taken via soil and surface water in the vicinity of Sewakht mines, Pakistan. The samples of soils (n = 54) of different fields and surface water (n = 38) were analyzed for toxic metals including cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Soil pollution level was evaluated using pollution indices including geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (CD), enrichment factor (EF) and PERI. CF showed moderate contamination of soil with Cd, Co, Fe and Mo, while Igeo values indicated moderate accumulation of Cu. For Cd, EF> 1.5 was found in agricultural soils of the study area. PERI findings presented a very high ecological risk (PERI > 380) at two sites (4%), considerable ecological risk at four sites (7.4%). Non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to Fe in soil was higher than limit (HI > 1) for both children and adults. Moreover, carcinogenic risk postured by soil contaminants i.e. Cd, Cr, Co and Ni in children was higher than their limits (except Pb), while in adults only Co posed higher risk of cancer than the limit (10-4) through soil exposure. Non-carcinogenic risks in children due to Cd, Co, Mo via surface water intake were higher than their safe limits (HQ > 1), while in adults the risk order was Cr > Cd > Cu > Pb > Co > Mo. Moreover, carcinogenic risk exposure due to Co > Cd > Cr > Ni from surface water (except Pb) was higher than the tolerable limit (1 × 10-4) both for children and adults. However, Pb concentrations in both soil and surface water exposure were not likely to cause cancer risk in the local population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ud Din
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hameed Ullah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gope M, Masto RE, George J, Balachandran S. Tracing source, distribution and health risk of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in street dust of Durgapur, India. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:280-293. [PMID: 29477918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Street dust samples from Durgapur, the steel city of eastern India, were collected from five different land use patterns, i.e., national highways, urban residential area, sensitive area, industrial area and busy traffic zone during summer, monsoon, and winter to analyze the pollution characteristics, chemical fractionation, source apportionment and health risk of heavy metals (HMs). The samples were fractionated into ≤ 53 µm and analyzed for potentially harmful elements (PHEs) viz. Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Summer season indicated higher concentrations of PHEs when compared to the other two seasons. Mean enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and contamination factor (CF) were high for Cd followed by Pb during all the three season in Durgapur. Chemical fractionation was executed in order to obtain distribution patterns of PHEs and to evaluate their bioavailable fractions in street dust samples. Mn was found to be highly bioavailable and bioavailability of the PHEs were in the order of Mn > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu > Fe > Cr. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, correlation analysis indicated the main sources of PHEs could be industrial, especially coal powered thermal plant, iron and steel industries and cement industries and vehicular. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that sites, seasons and their interaction were significantly affected by different PHEs as a whole. The health risk was calculated with total metal as well as mobile fraction of PHEs, which indicated that the actual non-carcinogenic risk due to bioavailable PHEs was less (HI < 1) when compared to total concentrations of PHEs. Carcinogenic risk was observed for total Cr in street dust (Child: 4.6E-06; Adult: 3.6E-06).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash Gope
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (NIT Durgapur), Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha-Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Reginald Ebhin Masto
- Environmental Management Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus), CFRI, Dhanbad 828108, Jharkhand, India
| | - Joshy George
- Environmental Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Srinivasan Balachandran
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha-Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eqani SAMAS, Tanveer ZI, Qiaoqiao C, Cincinelli A, Saqib Z, Mulla SI, Ali N, Katsoyiannis IA, Shafqat MN, Shen H. Occurrence of selected elements (Ti, Sr, Ba, V, Ga, Sn, Tl, and Sb) in deposited dust and human hair samples: implications for human health in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12234-12245. [PMID: 29022181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study determined, for the first time, the levels of titanium (Ti), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), and antinomy (Sb), in deposited dust, and human hair collected from general population of different geographical areas of Pakistan. All the samples were prepared by microwave digestion and measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that on deposited dust samples, the detected elements followed the descending trend as: Ti > Sr > Ba > V > Ga > Sn > Tl > Sb similar to the upper continental crust. The deposited dust samples from low elevation areas exhibited highest levels of all studied elements (except antimony which was higher in soil samples from mountainous areas), followed by rive plains, mountainous areas, and highland valleys. In contrast, on human hair samples, the elements followed the descending trend as: Sr > Ba > Ti > Ga > V > Sn > Sb > Tl respectively. Ba, Ga, and V concentrations were higher in soil samples from lower elevation Indus plain, and Sr, Tl, Sb, and Ti were higher in samples from mountainous areas. The bioaccumulation trend of all studied elements was in descending order as follows: Sb, Ga, Sn, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, Tl, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix evidenced both geological influences and anthropogenic activities as potential sources of these studied elements. On the other hand, the risk estimation (HI > 1) concluded that population were at higher health risk (non-carcinogenic) for Ga and Ti. All other studied rare elements were within safe limit for humans from all zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- Public health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Chi Qiaoqiao
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- Department of Environmental sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Public health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis A Katsoyiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Mustafa Nawaz Shafqat
- Public health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSAT Institute of Information & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Occurrences and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Sohail M, Eqani SAMAS, Podgorski J, Bhowmik AK, Mahmood A, Ali N, Sabo-Attwood T, Bokhari H, Shen H. Persistent organic pollutant emission via dust deposition throughout Pakistan: Spatial patterns, regional cycling and their implication for human health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:829-837. [PMID: 29146075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in outdoor dustfall was monitored for the first time along the Indus river system of Pakistan. Among the studied OCPs (ng/g, dry weight), DDTs (0.16-62) were the predominant contaminants identified in deposited dust followed by HCHs (0.1-10.2), HCB (0.09-7.4) and chlordanes (0.1-2.8). The indicative diagnostic ratio for DDTs and HCHs suggested recent emission of DDTs as well as historical emission of both chemicals in regions where they were used for crop protection and malarial control. The levels of ∑31PCBs (ng/g, dry weight) in dust ranged from 0.95-125, and compositional profiles suggested arochlor-1248, -1254 commercial mixtures as source. A few exceptions were samples from urban areas that reflected the use of aroclor-1260, and-1262 and/or unintentional leakage from several industrial processes. The WHO05-TEQ values for dioxin-like PCBs (with major contributions of PCB-126) were found to be 0.07-34.5 (median; 1.87) pg TEQg-1dw for all the studied samples. Correlation analysis identified that DDTs, HCHs, HCB and PCBs were significantly associated (r=90; p<0.01) with dusts collected in proximity to urban centers with widespread anthropogenic activities in these areas. A few cases where high levels of POPs from remote mountain highlands were detected, point to the potential for long range transport of these chemicals. Human risk assessment analysis of contaminated dust showed that DDTs and PCBs are major constituent chemicals of concern with regard to the development of cancer in children, with ingestion being the main route of exposure of dust-borne DDTs (0.12-1.03×10-6) and PCBs (0.86-12.43×10-6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ali
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Public Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jadoon WA, Khpalwak W, Chidya RCG, Abdel-Dayem SMMA, Takeda K, Makhdoom MA, Sakugawa H. Evaluation of Levels, Sources and Health Hazards of Road-Dust Associated Toxic Metals in Jalalabad and Kabul Cities, Afghanistan. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:32-45. [PMID: 29159702 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate selected road-dust associated heavy metals, their relations with natural and anthropogenic sources, and potential human and environmental health risks. For this purpose, 42 and 36 road-dusts samples were collected from Jalalabad and Kabul cities (Afghanistan), respectively. The following elements were found in descending concentrations: Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, and Cd in Jalalabad; and Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, and Cd in Kabul. Except for Ni, all the elemental contents were less than the Canadian permissible limits in residential/parkland soils. Principle Component Analysis and enrichment of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn pointed to anthropogenic sources, whereas Co, Cr, and Mn indicated crustal inputs. Broadly, Cd monomial risk index ([Formula: see text]) was considerable; however, one site each in both cities showed high risk ([Formula: see text] ≥ 350). The potential ecological risk (RI) is mostly low; however, at some sites, the risk was considerable. Ingestion appeared to be the main exposure route (99%) for heavy metals and contributed > 90% to noncancerous (all residents), as well as 92% (children) and 75-89% (adults) cancerous risks. The noncancerous risks of all metals and their integrated risks for all residents were within acceptable levels. Moreover, potential cancer risks in children from Ni and Cr were slightly higher than the US-EPA safe levels but were within acceptable levels for adults. This study found higher risks to children and therefore recommends proper management and ways to control metals pollution load in these areas to decrease human health and RIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Azeem Jadoon
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Wahdatullah Khpalwak
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Russel Chrispine Garven Chidya
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Sherif Mohamed Mohamed Ali Abdel-Dayem
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Pesticides Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Sakugawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu J, Zhou S, Wu P, Qu K. Assessment of the distribution, bioavailability and ecological risks of heavy metals in the lake water and surface sediments of the Caohai plateau wetland, China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189295. [PMID: 29253896 PMCID: PMC5734908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, selected heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) in the lake water and sediments from the Caohai wetland, which is a valuable state reserve for migrant birds in China, were investigated to assess the spatial distribution, sources, bioavailability and ecological risks. The results suggested that most of the higher concentrations were found in the eastern region of the lakeshore. The concentration factor (CF) revealed that Hg, Cd and Zn were present from moderate risk levels to considerable risk levels in this study; thus, based on the high pollution load index (PLI) values, the Caohai wetland can be considered polluted. According to the associated effects-range classification, Cd may present substantial environmental hazards. An investigation of the chemical speciation suggested that Cd and Zn were unstable across most of the sites, which implied a higher risk of quick desorption and release. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the heavy metal contamination originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhoou, PR China
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Kunjie Qu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang G, Zhang S, Xiao L, Zhong Q, Li L, Xu G, Deng O, Pu Y. Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan, China: spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16618-16630. [PMID: 28555398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities could result in increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil and deteriorating in soil environmental quality. Topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Shiting River Valley, Sichuan, Southwest China, were collected and determined for the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg. The mean concentrations of these metals were lower than the national threshold values, but were slightly higher than their corresponding background values, indicating enrichment of these metals in soils in the valley, especially for Cu, Zn, and Hg. The topsoils in this area demonstrated moderate pollution and low potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis coupled with cluster analysis was applied to analyze the data and identified possible sources of these heavy metals; the results showed that soil Cd, Hg, As, Cu, and Zn were predominantly controlled by human activities, whereas Cr was mainly from the parent material. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals varied distinctly and was closely correlated to local anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial land demonstrated relatively higher levels than those of other land use patterns. Soil metal concentrations decreased with the distance increase from the traffic highway (0-1.0 km) and water system (0-2.0 km). Additionally, soil properties, especially pH and soil organic matter, were found to be important factors in the distribution and composition of metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Luoyi Xiao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Qinmei Zhong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Linxian Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guangrong Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gope M, Masto RE, George J, Hoque RR, Balachandran S. Bioavailability and health risk of some potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in street dust of Asansol, India. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:231-241. [PMID: 28068580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Street dust samples were collected from five different types of land use patterns (busy traffic zone, urban residential area, national highways, industrial area and sensitive area) in a medium sized industrial city Asansol, India. The samples were fractionated into ≤53µm and analyzed for potential toxic elements (PTEs) viz. Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu. The mean total concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in the urban street dust samples were 192, 0.75, 110 and 132mgkg-1 respectively. Chemical speciation was performed for PTEs to evaluate the bio-available fractions. Cu was mostly associated with organic matter phase while Zn, Pb and Cd with residual phase. Mean mobility factor (MF) for heavy metals in Asansol was Zn (54.6%)>Pb (49.1%)>Cu (25.3%)>Cd (22.7%). Geo-chemical indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination Factor (CF) were in the order of Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu. Cluster analysis was done to understand the similarities among the sites. The risks of all metals was calculated with mobile fraction, which indicated actual risk due to PTEs was less (HI<1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash Gope
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science(Siksha-Bhavana),Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Reginald Ebhin Masto
- Environmental Management Division, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus), CFRI, Dhanbad 828108, Jharkhand, India
| | - Joshy George
- Environmental Management Division, CSIR- Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Digwadih Campus), CFRI, Dhanbad 828108, Jharkhand, India
| | - Raza Rafiqul Hoque
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Srinivasan Balachandran
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science(Siksha-Bhavana),Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Niazi NK. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:36-58. [PMID: 27915099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropologic activities have transformed global biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals by emitting considerable quantities of these metals into the atmosphere from diverse sources. In spite of substantial and progressive developments in industrial processes and techniques to reduce environmental emissions, atmospheric contamination by toxic heavy metals and associated ecological and health risks are still newsworthy. Atmospheric heavy metals may be absorbed via foliar organs of plants after wet or dry deposition of atmospheric fallouts on plant canopy. Unlike root metal transfer, which has been largely studied, little is known about heavy metal uptake by plant leaves from the atmosphere. To the best of our understanding, significant research gaps exist regarding foliar heavy metal uptake. This is the first review regarding biogeochemical behaviour of heavy metals in atmosphere-plant system. The review summarizes the mechanisms involved in foliar heavy metal uptake, transfer, compartmentation, toxicity and in plant detoxification. We have described the biological and environmental factors that affect foliar uptake of heavy metals and compared the biogeochemical behaviour (uptake, translocation, compartmentation, toxicity and detoxification) of heavy metals for root and foliar uptake. The possible health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metal-laced food are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Eva Schreck
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse CNRS, IRD, 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Tiantian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|