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Xu C, Yin P, Jiang Y, Lin X, Shi S, Li X, Chen J, Jiang Y, Meng X, Zhou M. Joint Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone on Mortality: A Time Series Study in 272 Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12865-12874. [PMID: 38995089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to PM2.5 or O3 can increase mortality risk; however, limited studies have evaluated their interaction. A multicity time series study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and O3 on mortality in China, using mortality data and high-resolution pollutant predictions from 272 cities in 2013-2015. Generalized additive models were applied to estimate associations of PM2.5 and O3 with mortality. Modification and interaction effects were explored by stratified analyses and synergistic indexes. Deaths attributable to PM2.5 and O3 were evaluated with or without modification of the other pollutant. The risk of total nonaccidental mortality increased by 0.70% for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 when O3 levels were high, compared to 0.12% at low O3 levels. The effect of O3 on total nonaccidental mortality at high PM2.5 levels (1.26%) was also significantly higher than that at low PM2.5 levels (0.59%). Similar patterns were observed for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. The relative excess risk of interaction and synergy index of PM2.5 and O3 on nonaccidental mortality were 0.69% and 1.31 with statistical significance, respectively. Nonaccidental deaths attributable to short-term exposure of PM2.5 or O3 when considering modification of the other pollutant were 28% and 31% higher than those without considering modification, respectively. Our results found synergistic effects of short-term coexposure to PM2.5 and O3 on mortality and suggested underestimations of attributable risks without considering their synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yichen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Kahe D, Sabeti Z, Sarbakhsh P, Shakerkhatibi M, Gholampour A, Goudarzi G, Sharbafi J, Dastgiri S, Separham A, Seyedrezazadeh E. Effect of PM 2.5 exposure on adhesion molecules and systemic nitric oxide in healthy adults: The role of metals, PAHs, and oxidative potential. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141631. [PMID: 38462178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Since there is limited evidence on the impact of PM2.5 content on cardiovascular biomarkers, we conducted a cross-sectional study on 89 healthy adults from October 12 to November 21, 2021. We measured daily PM2.5 in two distinct regions during different time windows: a high-traffic urban area and an industrial suburb. The concentrations of metals, PAHs, and oxidative potential (OP) were determined using ICP-MS, GC-MS, and dithiothreitol (DTT), respectively. Systemic biomarkers, including NO, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, MDA, and CRP, were quantified in each subject simultaneously. A generalized linear model was used to examine the association between PM2.5 toxicity and each health endpoint. Our findings indicated that daily PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the WHO-recommended level by approximately sevenfold. We found that PM2.5 exposure was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, exposure to PM2.5 mass, total PAHs, and certain trace metals (Ni, Fe, V, As, and Pb) resulted in a decline in serum NO levels. At lag 3, exposure to PM2.5 mass resulted in a significant decrease in NO levels [1.32% (95% CI: -2.27, -0.12)] and total PAHs [2.05% (95% CI: -3.93, -0.12)]. In contrast, OP exhibited a mild correlation with NO level increases. Positive associations were observed between PM2.5 and its chemical constituents (PAHs, As, Cu, OP) and adhesion molecules at different lag times. An increase of 0.16 ppb in PAH concentrations at an interquartile range was associated with a 4.74% decline (95% CI, -7.80, -0.55) in the sVCAM-1 level. However, our study did not reveal any significant trend between pollutants and other biomarkers (sICAM-1, MDA, and CRP). Consequently, our findings suggest that different PM2.5 chemical compositions exhibit diverse behavior in biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danian Kahe
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sabeti
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Akbar Gholampour
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jabraeil Sharbafi
- East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Separham
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Madani Heart Center, Cardiology Department, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu S, Zhao J, Ye X, Fu M, Zhang K, Wang H, Zou Y, Yu K. Fine particulate matter and its constituent on ovarian reserve: Identifying susceptible windows of exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166744. [PMID: 37659528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the associations of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with ovarian reserve, and the potential susceptible window of exposure remains unclear. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 5189 women who attended a fertility center in Hubei, China, during 2019-2022, and estimated concentrations of PM2.5 and its major constituents during the development of follicles (4th-6th month [W1], 0-4th month [W2], 0-6th month [W3]) and 1-year before measurement (W4) based on Tracking Air Pollution in China database. We used multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models to examine the associations of PM2.5 and its constituent exposures with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), the preferred indicator of ovarian reserve. RESULTS We observed significantly decreased AMH levels associated with increasing PM2.5 concentrations, with the percent changes (95 % confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.99 % (0.24 %-3.71 %) during W1 and 3.99 % (0.74 %-7.15 %) during W4 for per 10 μg/m3 increases in PM2.5.When PM2.5 exposure levels were equal to 50th percentile (32.6-42.3 μg/m3) or more, monotonically decreased AMH levels and increased risks of low AMH were seen with increasing PM2.5 concentrations during W1 and W4 (P < 0.05). Black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and organic matter (OM) during W1, and NH4+, NO3-, as well as sulfate (SO42-) during W4 were significantly associated with decreased AMH. Moreover, PM2.5 and SO42- exposures during W4 were positively associated with low AMH. Additionally, the associations were stronger among women aged <35 years, lived in urban regions, or measured AMH in cold-season (P for interaction <0.05). CONCLUSION PM2.5 and specific chemical components (particularly NH4+, NO3-, and SO42-) exposure during the secondary to antral follicle stage and 1-year before measurement were associated with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), indicating the adverse impact of PM2.5 and its constituent exposures on female reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingjian Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yujie Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Lin X, Cai M, Tan K, Liu E, Wang X, Song C, Wei J, Lin H, Pan J. Ambient particulate matter and in-hospital case fatality of acute myocardial infarction: A multi-province cross-sectional study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115731. [PMID: 38007949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) outcomes have been extensively linked with ambient particulate matter (PM). However, whether a smaller particle has greater impact and the consequent attributable burden associated with PM of different sizes remain unclear. We conducted a multi-province cross-sectional study among AMI patients using the inpatient discharge datasets from four Chinese provinces (Shanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) from 2014 to 2019. Ambient PM exposure for each patient was assessed using the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset. We employed the mixed-effects logistic regression models to evaluate the association of PM of different sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) on in-hospital case fatality. The potential reducible fractions in in-hospital case fatality were estimated through counterfactual analyses. Of 177,749 participants, 125,501 (70.6 %) were male and the in-hospital case fatality rate was 4.9%. For short-term (7-day average) exposure, the odds ratios (ORs) for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 (per 10 µg/m3) were 1.052 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.032-1.071), 1.026 (95 % CI, 1.014-1.037), and 1.016 (95% CI, 1.008-1.024), respectively. The estimated ORs for long-term exposure (annual average) were 1.303 (95 % CI, 1.252-1.356) for PM1, 1.209 (95 % CI, 1.178-1.241) for PM2.5, 1.157 (95 % CI, 1.134-1.181) for PM10. Short-term exposure to PM1 showed the highest potential reducible fraction (8.5 %, 95 % CI, 5.0-11.7 %), followed by PM2.5 and PM10, while the greatest potential reducible fraction of long-term exposure was observed in PM10 (30.9 %, 95 % CI, 27.2-34.4%), followed by PM2.5 and PM1. In summary, PM with smaller size had a more pronounced impact on in-hospital AMI case fatality, with PM1 exhibiting greater effects than PM2.5 and PM10. Substantial health benefits for AMI patients could be achieved by mitigating ambient PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lin
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, No. 39, Wangjiaguai Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chao Song
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; China Center for South Asian Studies, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section I, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Diao Q, Qin X, Hu N, Ling Y, Hua Q, Li M, Li X, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zeng H, Liang J, Wu Y, Jiang Y. Long non-coding RNAs mediate the association between short-term PM 2.5 exposure and circulating biomarkers of systemic inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122299. [PMID: 37541382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Although short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with systemic inflammation, the effect of lncRNA on these association remains unknown. This study aims to investigate whether the plasma lncRNA mediate the effect of short-term PM2.5 exposure on systemic inflammation. In this cross-sectional study, plasma Clara cell protein 16 (CC16), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lncRNA expression levels were measured in 161 adults between March and April in 2018 in Shijiazhuang, China. PM2.5 concentrations were estimated 0-3 days prior to the examination date and the moving averages were calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations between PM2.5, the four biomarkers and lncRNA expression levels. Mediation analyses were performed to explore the potential roles of lncRNA expression in these associations. The median concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 39.65 to 60.91 mg/m3 across different lag days. The most significant effects on IL-6 and TNF-α per interquartile range increase in PM2.5 were observed at lag 0-3 days, with increases of 0.70 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.33, 1.07) and 0.21 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.06, 0.36), respectively. While the associations between PM2.5 and IL-8 (0.68 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.02) and CC16 (3.86 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.60, 6.13) were stronger at lag 0 day. Interestingly, a negative association between PM2.5 and the expression of four novel lncRNAs (lnc-ACAD11-1:1, lnc-PRICKLE1-4:1, lnc-GPR39-7:2, and lnc-MTRNR2L12-3:6) were observed at each lag days. Furthermore, these lncRNAs mediated the effects of PM2.5 on the four biomarkers, with proportions of mediation ranged from 2.27% (95% CI: 1.19%, 9.82%) for CC16 to 35.60% (95% CI: 17.16%, 175.45%) for IL-6. Our findings suggested that plasma lncRNA expression mediat the acute effects of PM2.5 exposure on systematic inflammation. These highlight a need to consider circulating lncRNA expression as biomarkers to reduce health risks associated with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Diao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaodi Qin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ningdong Hu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yihui Ling
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiuhan Hua
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xun Li
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hanyu Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huixian Zeng
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jihuan Liang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yongxian Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Xing Y, Gao X, Li Q, Li X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang S, Lau PWC, Zeng Q, Wang H. Associations between exposure to ambient particulate matter and advanced liver fibrosis in Chinese MAFLD patients. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132501. [PMID: 37690203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is an important feature in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to explore the association between long-term ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and advanced liver fibrosis (ALF) in MAFLD participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 23170 adults recruited from 33 provinces of China from 2010 to 2020. ALF was detected using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS). The annual average levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 1 µm (PM1), ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 µm (PM10) were calculated using validated spatiotemporal models. Generalized additive models were applied to analyze the association between PM and ALF in patients with MAFLD. RESULTS One-year exposure to higher levels of all PM was found to increase the risk of ALF, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.06-1.14), 1.05 (1.03-1.07), and 1.03(1.02-1.04) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. With the dissection of the impact of PM1 in PM2.5, PM2.5 in PM10 and PM1 in PM10, we found that PM2.5 had a stronger impact on ALF (both Pinteraction<0.05) in comparison with PM1 and PM10. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM is associated with ALF in patients with MAFLD, with PM2.5 playing a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR China; Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Rojas GA, Saavedra N, Morales C, Saavedra K, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Modulation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Physical Exercise as a Protective Strategy. TOXICS 2023; 11:844. [PMID: 37888695 PMCID: PMC10610936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in air pollution increases cardiovascular risk. On the contrary, physical exercise is a widely used therapeutic approach to mitigate cardiovascular risk, but its efficacy in an environment of air pollution, particularly with PAHs, remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of exercise on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance due to PAH exposure using a mouse model. Twenty male BALB/c mice were subjected to a mixture of PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene) in conjunction with aerobic exercise. The investigation evaluated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, gene expression linked to inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance in aortic tissues. Furthermore, the study evaluated the expression of the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins. Exercise led to notable changes in serum inflammatory cytokines, as well as the modulation of genes associated with endothelial dysfunction and REDOX imbalance in aortic tissue. In turn, exercise produced a modulation in the protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The findings implicate the potential of exercise to counter PAH-induced damage, as demonstrated by changes in markers. In conclusion, exercise could mitigate the adverse effects related to exposure to PAHs present in air pollution, as evidenced by changes in inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, and REDOX imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Rojas
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Escuela Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Cristian Morales
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
- PhD Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile or (G.A.R.); (N.S.); (C.M.); (K.S.)
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8
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Guo SE, Ratner PA, Tseng SC, Lin CM, Chi MC, Lee CW, Yu YC. Exposure to incense burning, biomarkers, and the physical health of temple workers in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101804-101816. [PMID: 37659022 PMCID: PMC10542283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Incense burning releases heavy particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), known to have adverse effects on human health. Long-term exposure to PM and NO2 increases inflammatory cytokine levels and can induce respiratory diseases. This study examined the association between incense burning exposure and the health status, especially inflammatory biomarkers, of temple workers and volunteers in Taiwan. The longitudinal observational study compared adult temple workers and volunteers, with long-term incense burning exposure, to residents from outpatient clinics in the Chiayi area. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokines were assessed. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare cytokine levels of the exposure and control groups during the cold and hot weather seasons. FEV1 was significantly more diminished in the exposed group than in the control group during the cold season. Exposure status was associated with greater hot-cold seasonal differences in serum interleukins (IL)-1β (regression coefficient (B) = 6.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.0 to 8.3, p < .001), IL17-A (B = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.3 to 4.5, p = .03), and plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1 (B = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 9.3, p = .009). After adjusting for confounders, the groups' serum levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, and PAI-1 significantly differed. EBC cytokines did not show significant differences. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL17-A, and PAI-1 have been associated with various autoinflammatory syndromes and diseases. Given the cultural significance of incense burning, culturally sensitive interventions, including education, policy development, and program implementation, are crucial to protect individuals' health, especially temple workers, from the adverse effects of exposure, addressing the manufacture, importation, and sale of incense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Er Guo
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Pamela A Ratner
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Sung-Chih Tseng
- Family Medicine Department, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University (CGU), Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CGMH Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, CGU, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST), Chiayi County, 613016, Taiwan
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9
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Li W, Sun B, Li H, An Z, Li J, Jiang J, Song J, Wu W. Association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and nasal microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation and oxidative stress: A panel study of healthy young adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115156. [PMID: 37343487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the primary environmental stressor and a significant threat to public health. However, the effect of PM2.5 exposure on human nasal microbiota and its pathophysiological implication remain less understood. This study aimed to explore the associations of PM2.5 exposure with indices of nasal microbiota and biomarkers of nasal inflammation and oxidative stress. We conducted a panel study with 75 students in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China, from September to December 2017. Biomarkers of nasal inflammation and oxidative stress including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2α) and indices of nasal microbiota diversity and phenotypes were measured. Linear mixed-effect models and bioinformatic analyses were performed to assess the association of PM2.5 concentrations with the abovementioned biomarkers and indices. It was found that per 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with increments of 13.15% (95 % CI: 5.53-20.76 %) and 78.98 % (95 % CI: 21.61-136.36 %) in TNF-α on lag2 and lag02. Indices of microbial diversity and phenotypes including equitability, Shannon index, biofilm forming, and oxidative stress tolerant decreased to different extent with the increment in PM2.5. Notably, thirteen differential microbes in Clostridia, Bacilli, and Gammaproteobacteria classes were recognized as keystone taxa and eight of them were associated with TNF-α, IL-6, or 8-epi-PGF2α. Moreover, environmental adaptation was the most critical functional pathway of nasal microbiota associated with PM2.5 exposure. In summary, short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with nasal inflammation, microbiota diversity reduction, and the microbiota phenotype alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China; Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China.
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10
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Huang JB, Huang KC, Hsieh TM, Tsai CM, Hsiao HY, Cheng CY, Cheng FJ. Association between Air Pollution and Short-Term Outcome of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Tropical City, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. TOXICS 2023; 11:541. [PMID: 37368641 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), one of the primary factors leading to global mortality, has been shown through epidemiological studies to have a relationship with short-term exposure to air pollutants; however, the association between air pollutants and the outcome of STEMI has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of air pollutants on the outcomes of STEMI. Data on particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at each of the 11 air monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City were collected between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2017. Medical records of non-trauma patients aged > 20 years who had presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a principal diagnosis of STEMI were extracted. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. After adjusting for potential confounders and meteorological variables, we found that an increase in the interquartile range (IQR) in NO2 was associated with an elevated risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI. Moreover, there was an observed higher risk of in-hospital mortality associated with an increase in the IQR of NO2 during the warm season, specifically in lag 3 (3 days prior to the onset, OR = 3.266; 95%CI: 1.203-8.864, p = 0.02). Conversely, an IQR increase in PM10 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI in lag 3 (OR = 2.792; 95%CI: 1.115-6.993, p = 0.028) during the cold season. Our study suggests that exposure to NO2 (during the warm season) and PM10 (during the cold season) may contribute to a higher risk of poor prognosis in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Bin Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital-Under The Management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Fengshan District, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Min Hsieh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yi Hsiao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Cheng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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11
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Jin JQ, Lin GZ, Wu SY, Zheng MR, Liu H, Liu XY, Yan MQ, Chen ZY, Ou CQ. Short-term effects of individual exposure to PM 2.5 on hospital admissions for myocardial infarction and stroke: a population-based case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28058-y. [PMID: 37273056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have investigated the effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular diseases based on the population-average exposure data from several monitoring stations. No one has explored the short-term effect of PM2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalizations using individual-level exposure data. We assessed the short-term effects of individual exposure to PM2.5 on hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in Guangzhou, China, during 2014-2019. The population-based data on cardio-cerebrovascular events were provided by Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were used to describe trends in the hospitalization rates of MI and stroke. The conditional logistic regression model with a time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to estimate the effects of satellite-retrieved PM2.5 with 1-km resolution as individual-level exposure. Furthermore, we performed stratified analyses by demographic characteristics and season. There were 28,346 cases of MI, 188,611, and 36,850 cases of ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS), respectively, with an annual average hospitalization rate of 37.2, 247, and 48.4 per 100,000 people. Over the six-year study period, significant increasing trends in the hospitalization rates were observed with AAPCs of 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.24%, 17.6%), 13.1% (95% CI: 9.54%, 16.7%), and 9.57% (95% CI: 6.27%, 13.0%) for MI, IS, and HS, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.15% (95% CI: 0.308%, 1.99%) in MI hospitalization and 1.29% (95% CI: 0.882%, 1.70%) in IS hospitalization. A PM2.5-associated reduction of 1.17% (95% CI: 0.298%, 2.03%) was found for HS hospitalization. The impact of PM2.5 was greater in males than in females for MI hospitalization, and greater effects were observed in the elderly (≥ 65 years) and in cold seasons for IS hospitalization. Our study added important evidence on the adverse effect of PM2.5 based on satellite-retrieved individual-level exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qi Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Lin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mu-Rui Zheng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Min-Qian Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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12
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Sabeti Z, Ansarin A, Ansarin K, Zafari V, Seyedrezazadeh E, Shakerkhatibi M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Dastgiri S, Zoroufchi Benis K, Sepehri M, Khamnian Z. Sex-specific association of exposure to air pollutants and Nrf2 gene expression and inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath of healthy adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121463. [PMID: 36958658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression levels in the respiratory system of healthy subjects are scarce. Moreover, separate studies on the health-related outcomes of air pollution for each sex are limited. The current panel study investigated sex-specific Nrf2 expression levels and related oxidative stress and inflammatory responses among healthy adolescents exposed to PM2.5, PM10, O3, and PM2.5-bounded metals in a high traffic region. Forty-nine healthy nonsmoking subjects participated in the study for five consecutive months (Nov. 2019 to Feb. 2020). Each subject was asked to provide 1 mL of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. The results showed that PM10, PM2.5, O3, and PM2.5-bounded metals were negatively linked to Nrf2 expression level in EBC of females with -58.3% (95% CI: 79.5, -15.4), -32.1% (95% CI: -50.3, -7.1), -76.2% (95% CI: -92.6, -23.9), and -1.9 (95% CI: -3.4, -0.4), respectively. While our results presented no significant association between the studied pollutants and Nrf2 gene expression in males, significant associations were observed between the pollutants and total nitric oxide (NOx), interleukins 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the EBC of females. In the case of males, only EBC cytokines showed a significant association with air pollutants. Overall, this study suggests that exposure to ambient air pollutants may affect the respiratory system with biologically different mechanisms in males and females. PM2.5 concentration had a positive correlation with exhaled TNF-α and IL6 values in females while positive correlation with TNF-α and negative correlation with IL6 values in males. O3 had a negative correlation with TNF-α in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabeti
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Maryam Sepehri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Vaičiulis V, Venclovienė J, Miškinytė A, Ustinavičienė R, Dėdelė A, Kalinienė G, Lukšienė D, Tamošiūnas A, Seiduanova L, Radišauskas R. Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Fatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania between 2006 and 2015: A Time Series Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4549. [PMID: 36901560 PMCID: PMC10002310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has a significant effect on human health and there is a broad body of evidence showing that exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects. The main objective of this study was to assess the association of traffic-related air pollutants with fatal AMI during the ten-year period. METHODS The study was conducted in Kaunas city, where the WHO MONICA register included a total of 2273 adult cases of fatal AMI cases during the 10-year study period. We focused on the period between 2006 and 2015. The associations between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of fatal AMI were evaluated by using a multivariate Poisson regression model, RR presented per an increase in IQR. RESULTS It was found that the risk of fatal AMI was significantly higher in all subjects (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.12) and women (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.22) when the concentration of PM10 in the ambient air was increased 5-11 days before the onset of AMI, adjusting for NO2 concentration. The effect was stronger during spring in all subjects (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22), in men (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.26), in younger-aged (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.03-1.28), and in winter in women (RR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03-1.50). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that ambient air pollution increases the risk of fatal AMI, and this pertains to PM10 specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidmantas Vaičiulis
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jonė Venclovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Miškinytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Ustinavičienė
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Dėdelė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio St. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Kalinienė
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Lukšienė
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamošiūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Seiduanova
- Department of Health Politics and Management, School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ričardas Radišauskas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes St. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 15, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Jin S, Yoon SJ, Jung NY, Lee WS, Jeong J, Park YJ, Kim W, Oh DB, Seo J. Antioxidants prevent particulate matter-induced senescence of lung fibroblasts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14179. [PMID: 36915477 PMCID: PMC10006845 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) contributes to human diseases, particularly lung disease; however, the molecular mechanism of its action is yet to be determined. Herein, we found that prolonged PM exposure induced the cellular senescence of normal lung fibroblasts via a DNA damage-mediated response. This PM-induced senescence (PM-IS) was only observed in lung fibroblasts but not in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the DNA damage response signaling axis, increasing p53 phosphorylation, ultimately leading to cellular senescence via an increase in p21 expression without affecting the p16-pRB pathway. A549 cells, instead, were resistant to PM-IS due to the PM-induced ROS production suppression. Water-soluble antioxidants, such as vitamin C and N-Acetyl Cysteine, were found to alleviate PM-IS by suppressing ROS production, implying that antioxidants are a promising therapeutic intervention for PM-mediated lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Jin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Environmental Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, UST, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Jinho Seo
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
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15
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Arregocés HA, Rojano R, Restrepo G. Health risk assessment for particulate matter: application of AirQ+ model in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:897-912. [PMID: 36819789 PMCID: PMC9930048 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is considered the world's most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matter was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged > 18 years old attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke; and all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality. The proportions of the prevalence of bronchitis in children and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults attributable to PM exposure were also estimated for the population at risk. Weather Research and Forecasting-California PUFF (WRF-CALPUFF) modeling systems were used to estimate the spatiotemporal trends and calculate mortality relative risk due to prolonged PM2.5 exposure. Proportions of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 were estimated to be around 11.6% of ALRI deaths in children ≤ 4 years of age, 16.1% for COPD, and 26.6% for IHD in adults. For LC and stroke, annual proportions attributable to PM exposure were estimated to be 9.1% and 18.9%, respectively. An estimated 738 deaths per year are directly attributed to particulate matter pollution. The highest number of deaths per year is recorded in the adult population over 18 years old with a mean of 401 events. The mean risk in terms of the prevalence of bronchitis attributable to air pollution in children was determined to be 109 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The maximum RR values for mortality (up 1.95%) from long-term PM2.5 exposure were predicted to correspond to regions downwind to the industrial zone. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-023-01304-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli A. Arregocés
- Grupo de Investigación GISA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
- Grupo Procesos Fisicoquímicos Aplicados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia SIU/UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Roberto Rojano
- Grupo de Investigación GISA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
| | - Gloria Restrepo
- Grupo Procesos Fisicoquímicos Aplicados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia SIU/UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
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16
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Yang C, Liang J. Associations between neonicotinoids metabolites and hematologic parameters among US adults in NHANES 2015-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26327-26337. [PMID: 36367654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic parameters are important indicators for monitoring the physiological changes and human health. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) exhibit toxic effects and can affect hematologic parameters. However, the effects of exposure to NEOs metabolites on hematologic parameters in the general population remain unknown. We examined the relationship between NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters using a cross-sectional study design in 1397 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The levels of NEOs metabolites in urine and hematologic makers were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship between exposure to NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters. Detectable urine levels of clothianidin (CLO) was inversely associated with hematocrit (β = - 0.689; 95% CI: - 1.335, - 0.042). Detectability of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (HIMI) was inversely correlated with basophil percentage (β = - 0.093; 95% CI: - 0.180, - 0.007). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDE) was related to reduced white blood cells (WBC) (β = - 0.419; 95% CI: - 0.764, - 0.074) and neutrophil counts (β = - 0.349; 95% CI: - 0.623, - 0.074). Imidacloprid-equivalent total neonicotinoids (IMIeq) was negatively related to red blood cells (RBC) (β = - 0.058; 95% CI: - 0.097, - 0.020), hemoglobin (β = - 0.149; 95% CI: - 0.282, - 0.015), and hematocrit (β = - 0.484; 95% CI: - 0.855, - 0.113). We also observed that exposure to NEOs metabolites was sex specifically related to hematologic alterations. For example, IMIeq was associated with reduced basophil counts (β = - 0.016; 95% CI: - 0.028, - 0.003), basophil percentage (β = - 0.092; 95% CI: - 0.169, - 0.016), RBC (β = - 0.097; 95% CI: - 0.156, - 0.038), hemoglobin (β = - 0.200; 95% CI: - 0.355, - 0.045), and hematocrit (β = - 0.605; 95% CI: - 1.111, - 0.098) only in males. These results provide the first evidence that exposure to NEOs metabolites can disturb hematologic homeostasis in the general population, and the effects may be sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yang
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
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Lyu Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Pang X, Qin K, Wang B, Ding S, Chen D, Chen J. Tracking long-term population exposure risks to PM 2.5 and ozone in urban agglomerations of China 2015-2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158599. [PMID: 36089013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced severe air pollution in the past decade, especially PM2.5 and emerging ozone pollution recently. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed long-term population exposure risks to PM2.5 and ozone in urban agglomerations of China during 2015-2021 regarding two-stage clean-air actions based on the Ministry of Ecology and the Environment (MEE) air monitoring network. Overall, the ratio of the population living in the regions exceeding the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 μg/m3) decreases by 29.9 % for PM2.5 from 2015 to 2021, driven by high proportions in the Middle Plain (MP, 42.3 %) and Lan-Xi (35.0 %) regions. However, this ratio almost remains unchanged for ozone and even increases by 1.5 % in the MP region. As expected, the improved air quality leads to 234.7 × 103 avoided premature mortality (ΔMort), mainly ascribed to the reduction in PM2.5 concentration. COVID-19 pandemic may influence the annual variation of PM2.5-related ΔMort as it affects the shape of the population exposure curve to become much steeper. Although all eleven urban agglomerations share stroke (43.6 %) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 30.1 %) as the two largest contributors to total ΔMort, cause-specific ΔMort is highly regional heterogeneous, in which ozone-related ΔMort is significantly higher (21 %) in the Tibet region than other urban agglomeration. Despite ozone-related ΔMort being one order of magnitude lower than PM2.5-related ΔMort from 2015 to 2021, ozone-related ΔMort is predicted to increase in major urban agglomerations initially along with a continuous decline for PM2.5-related ΔMort from 2020 to 2060, highlighting the importance of ozone control. Coordinated controls of PM2.5 and O3 are warranted for reducing health burdens in China during achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312077, China.
| | - Zhentao Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Kai Qin
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Green intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Shimin Ding
- Green intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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Yuan CS, Lai CS, Chang-Chien GP, Tseng YL, Cheng FJ. Kidney damage induced by repeated fine particulate matter exposure: Effects of different components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157528. [PMID: 35882344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with adverse health effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of the constituents of PM2.5 on mouse kidneys. METHODS We collected PM2.5 near an industrial complex located in southern Kaohsiung, Taiwan, that was divided into water extract and insoluble particles. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control, low- and high-dose insoluble particle exposure, and low- and high-dose water extract exposure. Biochemical analysis, Western blot analysis, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the impact of PM2.5 constituents on mice kidneys. RESULTS PM2.5 was collected from January 1, 2021, to February 8, 2021, from an industrial complex in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Metallic element analysis showed that Pb, Ni, V, and Ti were non-essential metals with enrichment factors >10. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and nitrate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analyses revealed that the toxic equivalents are, in the order, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), which are potential carcinogens. Both water extract and insoluble particle exposure induced inflammatory cytokine upregulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, antioxidant activity downregulation, and elevation of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) level in mouse kidneys. A dose-dependent effect of PM2.5 water extract and insoluble particle exposure on angiotensin converter enzyme 2 downregulation in mouse kidneys was observed. CONCLUSION We found that water-soluble extract and insoluble particles of PM2.5 could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, influence the regulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and lead to kidney injury marker level elevation in mouse kidneys. The lowest-observed-adverse-effect level for renal toxicity in mice was 40 μg water-soluble extract/insoluble particle inhalation per week, which was approximately equal to the ambient PM2.5 concentration of 44 μg/m3 for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840 Chengcing Rd., Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, No. 840 Chengcing Rd., Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259, Wenhua 1(st) Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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Orysiak J, Młynarczyk M, Piec R, Jakubiak A. Lifestyle and environmental factors may induce airway and systemic inflammation in firefighters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73741-73768. [PMID: 36094704 PMCID: PMC9465149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health status depends on multiple genetic and non-genetic factors. Nonheritable factors (such as lifestyle and environmental factors) have stronger impact on immune responses than genetic factors. Firefighters work is associated with exposure to air pollution and heat stress, as well as: extreme physical effort, mental stress, or a changed circadian rhythm, among others. All these factors can contribute to both, short-term and long-term impairment of the physical and mental health of firefighters. Increased levels of some inflammatory markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed in firefighters, which can lead to local, acute inflammation that promotes a systemic inflammatory response. It is worth emphasizing that inflammation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer and also plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This article presents possible causes of the development of an inflammatory reaction in firefighters, with particular emphasis on airway inflammation caused by smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Orysiak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Młynarczyk
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Piec
- Institute of Internal Security, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego St. 52/54, 01-629, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury St. 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Xu R, Li Z, Zhu X, Guo C, Su Q, Peng J, Wang Z, Qian Y, Li X, Xu Q, Wei Y. Acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter and ozone on lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114013. [PMID: 36037633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may have adverse effects on human health. However, previous studies on the effects of air pollutants mainly have focused on susceptible population, and evidence on healthy young adults is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of the two main air pollutants (PM2.5 and O3) with lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy young adults. We recruited 30 healthy young adults for a longitudinal panel study in Beijing and implemented health examination seven times, including lung function (FEV1 and PEF) and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress (i.e. C-reactive protein, CRP; interleukin-6, IL-6; malondialdehyde, MDA) from December 2019 to May 2021. Hourly ambient air pollutants data were obtained from the closest air quality monitoring station. Linear mixed-effect model was applied to explore the associations between air pollutants and lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress. We observed higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with decrement in lung function and increment in CRP and MDA. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (lag 2 day) is associated with a 17.06 ml (95% CI: -31.53, -2.58) decrease in FEV1, 46.34 ml/s (95% CI: -76.41, -16.27) decrease in PEF and increments of 2.86% (95% CI: 1.47%, 4.27%) in CRP, 1.63% (95% CI: 0.14%, 3.14%) in MDA respectively. However, there is no significant association between ozone exposure and health indicators. The study suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 may decrease lung function and induce inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults, but there is no association between O3 and each outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Chen Q, Chen Q, Wang Q, Xu R, Liu T, Liu Y, Ding Z, Sun H. Particulate matter and ozone might trigger deaths from chronic ischemic heart disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113931. [PMID: 35914398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and mortality of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (CIHD). METHODS Using a case-crossover design, we investigated 148,443 CIHD deaths from 2015 to 2020 in Jiangsu Province, China. Exposure to six ambient pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, was assessed by extracting daily concentrations from validated 10 km × 10 km pollutant grids at each subject's residential address. A conditional logistic regression approach was used to explore the exposure-response relationship with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity. We calculated the Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) and the attributable deaths number of CIHD. RESULTS An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 and PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 1.16% (95% CI: 0.85-1.48%) and 1.80% (1.36-2.24%) increase in CIHD mortality, respectively. A threshold value of 123 µg/m3 was identified for the association between O3 exposure and CIHD mortality. Controlling for PM2.5, each increase of 10 µg/m3 in O3 (>threshold) was statistically significantly associated with a 0.94% (0.19-1.71%) increase in CIHD mortality, however there was no association between NO2, SO2, CO exposure and CIHD mortality. Reducing PM2.5, PM10 and O3 to the WHO air quality guidelines would prevent 6.16% (95% CI: 4.70-7.58%), 4.30% (3.18-5.43%) and 1.29% (0.48-4.20%) of CIHD deaths, respectively. During the warm season, mortality and PAFs of CIHD associated with PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, PM10, and O3 might trigger deaths from CIHD. These findings indicate that the premature deaths of CIHD patients can be alleviated by reducing exposure to polluted air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Planning and Finance, First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City 6, Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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22
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Ambient Air Pollution and Risk for Stroke Hospitalization: Impact on Susceptible Groups. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070350. [PMID: 35878255 PMCID: PMC9324267 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death, and air pollution is associated with stroke hospitalization. However, the susceptibility factors are unclear. Retrospective studies from 2014 to 2018 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, were analyzed. Adult patients (>17 years) admitted to a medical center with stroke diagnosis were enrolled and patient characteristics and comorbidities were recorded. Air pollutant measurements, including those of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), were collected from air quality monitoring stations. During the study period, interquartile range (IQR) increments in PM2.5 on lag3 and lag4 were 12.3% (95% CI, 1.1−24.7%) and 11.5% (95% CI, 0.3−23.9%) concerning the risk of stroke hospitalization, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of stroke hospitalization after exposure to PM2.5 was greater for those with advanced age (≥80 years, interaction p = 0.045) and hypertension (interaction p = 0.034), after adjusting for temperature and humidity. A dose-dependent effect of PM2.5 on stroke hospitalization was evident. This is one of few studies focusing on the health effects of PM2.5 for patients with risk factors of stroke. We found that patients with risk factors, such as advanced age and hypertension, are more susceptible to PM2.5 impacts on stroke hospitalization.
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Wen F, Huang J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Li B, Wu S, Zhang L. Sensitive inflammatory biomarkers of acute fine particulate matter exposure among healthy young adults: Findings from a randomized, double-blind crossover trial on air filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119026. [PMID: 35183671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The short-term alteration of peripheral cytokines may be an early adverse health effect of PM2.5 exposure and may be further associated with cardiovascular disease. We conducted a randomized, double-blind crossover trial using true or sham air filtration among 54 healthy college students in Beijing to investigate the potential benefits of short-term indoor air filtration and the adverse health effects of time-weighted personal PM2.5 exposure through inflammatory cytokines. The participants randomly received true or sham air filtration intervention for a week, and the treatment was changed after a two-week washout period. Peripheral blood samples were collected after each intervention period to measure 38 inflammatory cytokines. A linear mixed-effects model was applied to estimate the impacts of air purification or a 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 exposure increase on cytokines. Lag effects of PM2.5 exposure were analyzed using single-day and moving average lag models. Air filtration reduced indoor and time-weighted average personal PM2.5 concentrations by 69.0% (from 33.6 to 10.4 μg/m3) and 40.3% (from 40.6 to 24.3 μg/m3), respectively. We observed a significant association of PM2.5 exposure with growth-regulated alpha protein (GRO-α) of -11.3% (95%CI: 17.0%, -5.4%). In the lag models, significant associations between personal PM2.5 exposure and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), and eotaxin were obtained at lag0, while associations with cytokines including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were noted at relatively long lagged exposure windows (lag5-lag6). No significant alteration in cytokines was observed under true air filtration intervention. Our study indicates the effectiveness of air filtration on indoor PM2.5 reduction. PM2.5 exposure may decrease GRO-α levels and change different cytokine levels time-varyingly. Further study is still needed to explore the mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Fatima S, Ahlawat A, Mishra SK, Soni VK, Guleria R. Respiratory Deposition Dose of PM2.5 and PM10 Before, During and After COVID-19 Lockdown Phases in Megacity-Delhi, India. MAPAN 2022. [PMCID: PMC9081966 DOI: 10.1007/s12647-022-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable changes in particulate matter (PM) during COVID-19 lockdown in major cities around the World demand changes in exposure assessment studies of PM. The present study shows variations in respiratory deposition dose (RDD) of both fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particles before, during and after Covid-19 lockdown phases at three sites (with different pollution signatures) in Delhi—Alipur, Okhla and Pusa Road. Exposure assessment study showed mean PM2.5 RDD (± S.D.) (µg/min) for walk and sit mode during before lockdown (BL) as 2.41(± 1.20) and 0.84(± 0.42) for Alipur, 2.71(± 1.60) and 0.94(± 0.56) for Okhla, and 2.54(± 1.28) and 0.88(± 0.44) for Pusa road, which decreased drastically during Lockdown 1(L1) as 0.85(± 0.35) and 0.30(± 0.12) for Alipur, 0.83(± 0.33) and 0.29(± 0.11) for Okhla, and 0.68(± 0.28) and 0.23(± 0.10) for Pusa road, respectively. Mean PM10 RDD (± S.D.) (µg/min) for walk and sit mode during before lockdown (BL) as 3.90 (± 1.73) and 1.36 (± 0.60) for Alipur, 4.74 (± 2.04) and 1.65 (± 0.71) for Okhla, and 4.25 (± 1.69) and 1.48 (± 0.59) for Pusa Road, respectively which decreased drastically during Lockdown 1(L1) as 2.19 (± 0.95) and 0.76 (± 0.33) for Alipur, 1.73 (± 0.67) and 0.60 (± 0.23) for Okhla and, 1.45 (± 0.50) and 0.50 (± 0.17) for Pusa Road, respectively. Significant decrease in RDD concentrations (Both PM2.5 and PM10) than that of BL phase have been found during Lockdown 1(L1) phase and other successive lockdown and unlock phases—Lockdown 2(L2), Lockdown 3(L3), Lockdown 4(L4) and Unlock1 (UL1) phases. Changes in RDD values during lockdown phases were affected by lesser traffic emission, minimized industrial activities, biomass burning activities, precipitation activities, etc. Seasonal variations of RDD showed Delhites are found exposed to more fine and coarse particles’ RDD (walk and sit modes) before and after lockdown, i.e. during normal days than during lockdown phases showing potential health effects. People in sit condition found less exposed to fine and coarse RDD comparison to those in walk condition both during normal and lockdown days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Fatima
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Ajit Ahlawat
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Permoserstraße, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumit Kumar Mishra
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vijay Kumar Soni
- India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, 110003 India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Analysis of PM2.5 and Meteorological Variables Using Enhanced Geospatial Techniques in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Cartagena de Indias City (Colombia). ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of air pollutants and the spatial representation of meteorological variables are subject to complex atmospheric local parameters. To reduce the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on human health, it is of great significance to know its concentration at high spatial resolution. In order to monitor its effects on an exposed population, geostatistical analysis offers great potential to obtain high-quality spatial representation mapping of PM2.5 and meteorological variables. The purpose of this study was to define the optimal spatial representation of PM2.5, relative humidity, temperature and wind speed in the urban district in Cartagena, Colombia. The lack of data due to the scarcity of stations called for an ad hoc methodology, which included the interpolation implementing an ordinary kriging (OK) model, which was fed by data obtained through the inverse distance weighting (IDW) model. To consider wind effects, empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction (EBK) was implemented. The application of these interpolation methods clarified the areas across the city that exceed the recommended limits of PM2.5 concentrations (Zona Franca, Base Naval and Centro district), and described in a continuous way, on the surface, three main weather variables. Positive correlations were obtained for relative humidity (R2 of 0.47), wind speed (R2 of 0.59) and temperature (R2 of 0.64).
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Guo B, Guo Y, Nima Q, Feng Y, Wang Z, Lu R, Baimayangji, Ma Y, Zhou J, Xu H, Chen L, Chen G, Li S, Tong H, Ding X, Zhao X. Exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2022; 76:518-525. [PMID: 34883157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating animal studies have demonstrated the harmful contribution of ambient air pollution (AP) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), but corresponding epidemiological evidence is limited. We examined the associations between long-term AP exposure and MAFLD prevalence in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 90,086 participants recruited in China from 2018 to 2019. MAFLD was assessed based on radiologically diagnosed hepatic steatosis and the presence of overweight/obese status, diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Residence-specific levels of air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were estimated by validated spatiotemporal models. We used logistic regression models to examine the AP-MAFLD associations and further evaluated potential effect modifications by demographics, lifestyle, central obesity, and diabetes status. RESULTS Increased exposure levels to all 4 air pollutants were significantly associated with increased odds of MAFLD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.17), 1.29 (1.25-1.34), 1.11 (1.09-1.14), and 1.15 (1.12-1.17) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively. Further stratified analyses revealed that individuals who are male, alcohol drinkers, and current and previous smokers, those who consume a high-fat diet, and those with central obesity experience more significant adverse effects from AP exposure than other individuals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that long-term exposure to ambient PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 may increase the odds of MAFLD in the real world. These effects may be exacerbated by unhealthy lifestyle habits and central obesity. LAY SUMMARY We conducted an epidemiological study on the potential effect of ambient air pollution on the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in approximately 90 thousand adults in China. We found that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution may increase the odds of MAFLD, especially in individuals who are male, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, those who consume a high-fat diet, and those with central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology; Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xianbin Ding
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Sabeti Z, Ansarin K, Seyedrezazadeh E, Jafarabadi MA, Zafari V, Dastgiri S, Shakerkhatibi M, Gholampour A, Khamnian Z, Sepehri M, Dahim M, Sharbafi J, Hakimi D. Acute responses of airway oxidative stress, inflammation, and hemodynamic markers to ambient PM 2.5 and their trace metal contents among healthy adolescences: A panel study in highly polluted versus low polluted regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117797. [PMID: 34329054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollutants are known contributors to global cardiorespiratory mortality through several pathways. We examined the effects of varied exposure to PM2.5 and trace metals on biological markers of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic function of young individuals living in two different exposure settings. We enrolled and followed a panel of 97 healthy nonsmoking participants aged 15-18 years living in a highly polluted metropolitan city of Tabriz (TBZ) and a much less polluted semi-urban town of Hadishahr (HDS). For five consecutive months, the subjects were examined by a physician, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) were measured. Samples of exhaled breath condensation (EBC) were obtained for measuring interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and total nitric oxide (NOx). We measured daily outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration in a fixed station in each location for all this period. The PM-metal content was analyzed by ICP-MS. The linear mixed-effects regression models were applied for data analysis. The averages of PM2.5 mass and total metals in TBZ were nearly two and four times higher than in HDS, respectively. In TBZ, an increased IQR of PM2.5 mass during 0-5 days was -correlated with a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, TNF-α, FENO, and NOx and reduction of IL-6. Moreover, exposure to low PM2.5 concentration is significantly -correlated with an elevation in diastolic blood pressure in HDS. We also observed that exposure to metal constituents in the highly polluted region is correlated with increased TNF-α and IL-6 with 131.80% (95% CI: 56.01, 244.39) and 47.51% (95% CI: 33.01, 62.05) per IQR of Hg, respectively. This study suggests that exposure to ambient PM2.5 and their metal contents in highly polluted areas may incite significant changes in airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemodynamic parameters in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabeti
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Akbar Gholampour
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sepehri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dahim
- East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jabraeil Sharbafi
- East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Hakimi
- Health Office, Education Department of East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
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Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Its Components on Emergency Room Visits for Pediatric Pneumonia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010599. [PMID: 34682345 PMCID: PMC8535937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia, one of the important causes of death in children, may be induced or aggravated by particulate matter (PM). Limited research has examined the association between PM and its constituents and pediatric pneumonia-related emergency department (ED) visits. Measurements of PM2.5, PM10, and four PM2.5 constituents, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate, and sulfate, were extracted from 2007 to 2010 from one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Furthermore, the medical records of patients under 17 years old who had visited the ED in a medical center and had a diagnosis of pneumonia were collected. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover study design to estimate the effect of PM. The single-pollutant model demonstrated interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, OC, and EC on lag 3, which increased the risk of pediatric pneumonia by 18.2% (95% confidence interval (Cl), 8.8-28.4%), 13.1% (95% CI, 5.1-21.7%), 29.7% (95% CI, 16.4-44.5%), 16.8% (95% CI, 4.6-30.4%), and 14.4% (95% Cl, 6.5-22.9%), respectively. After PM2.5, PM10, and OC were adjusted for, nitrate and EC remained significant in two-pollutant models. Subgroup analyses revealed that nitrate had a greater effect on children during the warm season (April to September, interaction p = 0.035). In conclusion, pediatric pneumonia ED visit was related to PM2.5 and its constituents. Moreover, PM2.5 constituents, nitrate and EC, were more closely associated with ED visits for pediatric pneumonia, and children seemed to be more susceptible to nitrate during the warm season.
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29
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Wang YY, Li Q, Guo Y, Zhou H, Wang QM, Shen HP, Zhang YP, Yan DH, Li S, Chen G, Lin LZ, He Y, Yang Y, Peng ZQ, Wang HJ, Ma X. Association between air particulate matter pollution and blood cell counts of women preparing for pregnancy: Baseline analysis of a national birth cohort in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111399. [PMID: 34077756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence is known about whether long-term exposures to air borne particulate matters of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) impact human hematologic index for women preparing for pregnancy. No study assessed the effect of PM1, which is small enough to reach the blood circulation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 is associated with blood cell count of woman preparing for pregnancy. METHOD Based on the baseline data of a national birth cohort in China, we analysed the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and thrombocyte counts of 1,203,565 women who are aged 18-45 years, being Han ethnicity, had no chronic disease and preparing for pregnancy. We matched their home addresses and examination date with daily concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 which were estimated by a machine learning method with remote sensing, meteorological and land use information. Generalized additive mixed model to examine the associations between exposure to one-year average exposure to PMs prior to the health examination and the blood cells counts, after adjustment for potential individual variables. RESULTS A 10 μg/m3 PM1 increment was associated with -1.49% (95%CI: 1.56%, -1.42%) difference in WBC count; with 0.33% (95%CI: 0.30%, 0.36%) difference of RBC count; and with 1.08% (95%CI: 1.01%, 1.15%) difference of thrombocyte count. For PM2.5, the corresponding difference was -0.47% (95%CI: 0.54%, -0.39%) for WBC; was 0.06% (95%CI: 0.03%, 0.09%) for RBC; and was 1.10% (95%CI: 1.02%, 1.18%) for thrombocyte. Women working as workers, being overweight and with tobacco smoking exposure had higher associations between PMs and hematologic index than their counterparts (p < 0.05 for interaction test). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PMs were associated with decrement in WBC, as well as increment in RBC and thrombocytes among Han Chinese women preparing for pregnancy. Measures such as using air purifiers and wearing a mask in polluted areas should be improved to prevent women from the impact of PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ping Shen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Hai Yan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Qi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China; National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
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Bakolis I, Hammoud R, Stewart R, Beevers S, Dajnak D, MacCrimmon S, Broadbent M, Pritchard M, Shiode N, Fecht D, Gulliver J, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, Mudway IS. Mental health consequences of urban air pollution: prospective population-based longitudinal survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1587-1599. [PMID: 33097984 PMCID: PMC7584487 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently ranked air pollution as the major environmental cause of premature death. However, the significant potential health and societal costs of poor mental health in relation to air quality are not represented in the WHO report due to limited evidence. We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with poor mental health. METHODS A prospective longitudinal population-based mental health survey was conducted of 1698 adults living in 1075 households in South East London, from 2008 to 2013. High-resolution quarterly average air pollution concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were linked to the home addresses of the study participants. Associations with mental health were analysed with the use of multilevel generalised linear models, after adjusting for large number of confounders, including the individuals' socioeconomic position and exposure to road-traffic noise. RESULTS We found robust evidence for interquartile range increases in PM2.5, NOx and NO2 to be associated with 18-39% increased odds of common mental disorders, 19-30% increased odds of poor physical symptoms and 33% of psychotic experiences only for PM10. These longitudinal associations were more pronounced in the subset of non-movers for NO2 and NOx. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that traffic-related air pollution is adversely affecting mental health. Whilst causation cannot be proved, this work suggests substantial morbidity from mental disorders could be avoided with improved air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakolis
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Ryan Hammoud
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Sean Beevers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Dajnak
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Megan Pritchard
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Ian S Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit on Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Ho YN, Cheng FJ, Tsai MT, Tsai CM, Chuang PC, Cheng CY. Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1593. [PMID: 34445977 PMCID: PMC8393716 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma are limited. This study aimed to estimate the impact of short-term exposure to PM constituents on ED visits for pediatric asthma. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated non-trauma patients aged younger than 17 years who visited the ED with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Further, measurements of PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM2.5), and four PM2.5 components (i.e., nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were collected between 2007 and 2010 from southern particulate matter supersites. These included one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to analyze the hazard effect of PM. RESULTS Overall, 1597 patients were enrolled in our study. In the single-pollutant model, the estimated risk increase for pediatric asthma incidence on lag 3 were 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2-27.4%], 13.5% (95% CI, 3.3-24.6%), 14.8% (95% CI, 2.5-28.6%), and 19.8% (95% CI, 7.6-33.3%) per interquartile range increments in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, and OC, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, OC remained significant after adjusting for PM2.5, PM10, and nitrate. During subgroup analysis, children were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days (< 26 °C, interaction p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents OC and nitrate are associated with ED visits for pediatric asthma. Among PM2.5 constituents, OC was most closely related to ED visits for pediatric asthma, and children are more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ni Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ta Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Tsai
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
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Yuan CS, Lai CS, Tseng YL, Hsu PC, Lin CM, Cheng FJ. Repeated exposure to fine particulate matter constituents lead to liver inflammation and proliferative response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112636. [PMID: 34392150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≦2.5 µm, PM2.5) exposure cause adverse health effects, including lung inflammation. Through intra-tracheal instillation of PM2.5 components, the study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory and proliferative effects on mice liver. PM2.5 samples were collected near an industrial complex at southern Taiwan. Mice were exposed to water extracts or insoluble particles by intra-tracheal instillation. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control, low dose insoluble particle exposure (LP), high dose insoluble particle exposure (HP), low dose water extract exposure (LW), and high dose water extract exposure (HW). Biochemical analysis, western blotting, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate the results. RESULT Enrichment factor (EF) of metallic elements showed that the EFs of trace elements (Ti, V, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu) in PM2.5 were above 10. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the liver tissue showed inflammatory infiltration in particle exposure group; hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly were seen in the water extract exposure group. Upregulation of inflammatory signaling, p65 and p50, and caspase-3 (an important effector involved in apoptosis) positive hepatocytes was significantly increased in the HP group, followed by an elevation in protein levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153). Increased protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was noted in the LW and HW groups. An increase in phosphorylation of regulators of cell proliferation, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, were detected in the LW and HW groups. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the insoluble particle composition of PM2.5 induced inflammatory signaling and cytokines upregulation in the liver, accompanied with inflammatory cell and macrophage infiltration and an abnormal liver function. Exposure of water extract to PM2.5 induced signals of upregulated cellular proliferation, elevated markers of cell proliferation in liver, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81164, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Departme nt of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Chiayi County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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33
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Liu Y, Pan J, Fan C, Xu R, Wang Y, Xu C, Xie S, Zhang H, Cui X, Peng Z, Shi C, Zhang Y, Sun H, Zhou Y, Zhang L. Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality From Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:271-281. [PMID: 33478650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI); however, only a limited number of studies investigated its association with death from MI, and the results remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the association of short-term exposure to air pollution across a wide range of concentrations with MI mortality. METHODS A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate 151,608 MI death cases in Hubei province (China) from 2013 to 2018. Based on each case's home address, exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide, and ozone on each of the case and control days was assessed as the inverse distance-weighted average concentration at neighboring air quality monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models were implemented to quantify exposure-response associations. RESULTS Exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 (mean exposure on the same day of death and 1 day prior) was significantly associated with increased odds of MI mortality. The odds associated with PM2.5 and PM10 exposures increased steeply before a breakpoint (PM2.5, 33.3 μg/m3; PM10, 57.3 μg/m3) and flattened out at higher exposure levels, while the association for NO2 exposure was almost linear. Each 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5 (<33.3 μg/m3), PM10 (<57.3 μg/m3), and NO2 was significantly associated with a 4.14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25% to 7.12%), 2.67% (95% CI: 0.80% to 4.57%), and 1.46% (95% CI: 0.76% to 2.17%) increase in odds of MI mortality, respectively. The association between NO2 exposure and MI mortality was significantly stronger in older adults. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was associated with increased risk of MI mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingju Pan
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuangang Fan
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuqing Cui
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- Meteorological Data Laboratory, National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
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Seifi M, Rastkari N, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Nazmara S, Kashani H, Zare A, Pourpak Z, Hashemi SY, Yunesian M. Investigating the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate and blood in healthy young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12922. [PMID: 34155256 PMCID: PMC8217428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are measured to estimate the effects of air pollution on humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma and exhaled air in young adults. The obtained results were compared in two periods; i.e., winter and summer. GRIMM Dust Monitors were used to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in indoor and outdoor air. A total of 40 healthy young adults exhaling air condensate were collected. Then, biomarkers of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nitrosothiols (RS-NOs), and Tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNFRII) were measured by 96 wells method ELISA and commercial kits (HS600B R&D Kit and ALX-850–037-KI01) in EBC while interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTNFRII and White Blood Cell (WBC) were measured in blood plasma in two periods of February 2013 (winter) and May 2013 (summer). Significant association was found between particulate matter and the white blood cell count (p < 0.001), as well as plasma sTNFRII levels (p-value = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between particulate matter with RS-NOs (p = 0.128), EBC RSNOs (p-value = 0.128), and plasma IL-6 (p-value = 0.167). In addition, there was no significant relationship between interleukin-6 of exhaled air with interleukin-6 of plasma (p-value < 0.792 in the first period and < 0.890 in the second period). sTNFRII was not detected in EBC. Considering the direct effect between increasing some biomarkers in blood and EBC and particulate matter, it is concluded that air pollution causes this increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Seifi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Zare
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Yaser Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Tian F, Liu X, Chao Q, Qian ZM, Zhang S, Qi L, Niu Y, Arnold LD, Zhang S, Li H, Lin H, Liu Q. Ambient air pollution and low temperature associated with case fatality of COVID-19: A nationwide retrospective cohort study in China. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100139. [PMID: 34189495 PMCID: PMC8226106 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence for the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 case fatality remains controversial, and it is crucial to understand the role of preventable environmental factors in driving COVID-19 fatality. We thus conducted a nationwide cohort study to estimate the effects of environmental factors (temperature, particulate matter [PM2.5, PM10], sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and ozone [O3]) on COVID-19 case fatality. A total of 71,808 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and followed up for their vital status through April 25, 2020. Exposures to ambient air pollution and temperature were estimated by linking the city- and county-level monitoring data to the residential community of each participant. For each participant, two windows were defined: the period from symptom onset to diagnosis (exposure window I) and the period from diagnosis date to date of death/recovery or end of the study period (exposure window II). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between these environmental factors and COVID-19 case fatality. COVID-19 case fatality increased in association with environmental factors for the two exposure windows. For example, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, O3, and NO2 in window I was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 1.09, 1.13), 1.10 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13), 1.09 (95 CI 1.03, 1.14), and 1.27 (95% CI 1.19, 1.35) for COVID-19 fatality, respectively. A significant effect was also observed for low temperature, with a hazard ratio of 1.03 (95% CI 1.01, 1.04) for COVID-19 case fatality per 1°C decrease. Subgroup analysis indicated that these effects were stronger in the elderly, as well as in those with mild symptoms and living in Wuhan or Hubei. Overall, the sensitivity analyses also yielded consistent estimates. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and low temperature during the illness would play a nonnegligible part in causing case fatality due to COVID-19. Reduced exposures to high concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, and NO2 and low temperature would help improve the prognosis and reduce public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingchen Chao
- Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lauren D Arnold
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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36
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Feng D, Cao K, He ZZ, Knibbs LD, Jalaludin B, Leskinen A, Roponen M, Komppula M, Jalava P, Guo PY, Xu SL, Yang BY, Hu L, Zeng XW, Chen G, Yu HY, Lin L, Dong G. Short-Term Effects of Particle Sizes and Constituents on Blood Biomarkers among Healthy Young Adults in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5636-5647. [PMID: 33822602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the effects of various particle sizes and constituents on blood biomarkers is limited. We performed a panel study with five repeated measurements in 88 healthy college students in Guangzhou, China between December 2017 and January 2018. Mass concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM1, and PM0.5 and number concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 200 nm (PN0.2) and PN0.1 were measured. We used linear mixed-effect models to explore the associations of size-fractionated particulate matter and PM2.5 constituents with five blood biomarkers 0-5 days prior to blood collection. We found that an interquartile range (45.9 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with increments of 16.6, 3.4, 12.3, and 8.8% in C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and endothelin-1(ET-1) at a 5-day lag, respectively. Similar estimates were observed for PM1, PM0.5, PN0.2, and PN0.1. For PM2.5 constituents, consistent positive associations were observed between F- and sVCAM-1 and CRP and between NH4+ and MCP-1, and negative associations were found between Na+ and MCP-1 and ET-1, between Cl- and MCP-1, and between Mg2+ and sVCAM-1. Our results suggested that both particle size and constituent exposure are significantly associated with circulating biomarkers among healthy Chinese adults. Particularly, PN0.1 at a 5-day lag and F- and NH4+ are the most associated with these blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Zhou He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Centre for Air Quality and Health Research and Evaluation, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medial Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI 70211, Finland
| | - Peng-Yue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hong-Yao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Han SB, Song SK, Shon ZH, Kang YH, Bang JH, Oh I. Comprehensive study of a long-lasting severe haze in Seoul megacity and its impacts on fine particulate matter and health. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129369. [PMID: 33387943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A long-lasting severe haze event was observed over the Seoul metropolitan region (SMR: Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do), South Korea, in the winter of 2013 (January 12-16). We comprehensively investigated the atmospheric processes affecting particulate matter (PM) distributions during the haze event, as well as its impact on human health in the study area. These analyses were performed based on meteorological and PM observations and numerical modeling, which included the WRF-CMAQ modeling system and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE). High PM10 concentrations during the haze event were mostly observed in the western and southern parts of the SMR. Significant differences (60-70 μg m-3) in the mean PM2.5 concentrations for haze and non-haze days were predicted mainly in the west-northwest areas of SMR. This might be primarily due to the pollutant transport (horizontal and vertical) from large emission sources (e.g., Chinese emissions) and, in part, their local accumulation (by local emissions) under high-pressure conditions and slow-moving air flows (i.e., blocking effect) around SMR. In addition, the enhanced PM2.5 concentrations in the study area during the haze event led to an increase in the number of premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Beom Han
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Keun Song
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zang-Ho Shon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hee Kang
- Environmental Research Institute, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Bang
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inbo Oh
- Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
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Jaafari J, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Hassanvand MS, Shamsipour M, Ghanbari Ghozikali M, Nazmara S, Shamsollahi HR, Yaghmaeian K. Associations between short term exposure to ambient particulate matter from dust storm and anthropogenic sources and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:144503. [PMID: 33352344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between particulate matter from anthropogenic and natural sources and inflammatory biomarkers, including hs-CRP, IL-6, sTNF-RII, and WBCs, in two groups of healthy young subjects. We followed up subjects of two panels (16 to 22 years old), including 22 subjects selected from the urban area (Tehran city) with high-level pollution background and 22 subjects selected from the rural area (Ahmadabad) with low-level pollution background. In each group, we collected 4 times blood samples in various air pollution conditions, In the subjects of the urban group, there was a substantial difference (p < 0.05) between inversion days and cold season control days, and between dust storm days and warm season control days for concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers. In the subjects of the rural group, a significant difference could be detected in the concentration of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers (p < 0.05) between inversion days and cold season control days, and between dust storm and warm control days. We found that the difference in concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-6, and WBCs biomarkers between dust storm days and warm control conditions in the rural group were higher than the difference in inversion and cold control conditions, which can be attributed to low background air pollution in the rural area. In the urban area, the health effect of anthropogenic sources of PM is higher than the dust storm condition, which can be attributed to the stronger effect of anthropogenic pollution effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Jaafari
- Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Shamsollahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Han Y, Chatzidiakou L, Yan L, Chen W, Zhang H, Krause A, Xue T, Chan Q, Liu J, Wu Y, Barratt B, Jones R, Zhu T, Kelly FJ. Difference in ambient-personal exposure to PM 2.5 and its inflammatory effect in local residents in urban and peri-urban Beijing, China: results of the AIRLESS project. Faraday Discuss 2021; 226:569-583. [PMID: 33295898 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is often used as a proxy of personal exposure in epidemiological studies. However, the difference between personal and ambient exposure, and whether it biases the estimates of health effects remain unknown. Based on an epidemiological study (AIRLESS) and simultaneously launched intensive monitoring campaigns (APHH), we quantified and compared the personal and ambient exposure to PM2.5 and the related health impact among residents in Beijing, China. In total, 123 urban and 128 peri-urban non-smoking participants were recruited from two well-established cohorts in Beijing. During winter 2016 and summer 2017, each participant was instructed to carry a validated personal air monitor (PAM) to measure PM2.5 concentration at high spatiotemporal resolution for seven consecutive days in each season. Multiple inflammatory biomarkers were measured, including exhaled NO, blood monocytes counts and C-reactive protein. Linear mixed-effect models were used for the associations between exposure and health outcomes with adjustment for confounders. The average level of daily personal exposure to PM2.5 was consistently lower than using corresponding ambient concentration, and the difference is greater during the winter. The personal to ambient (P/A) ratio of exposure to PM2.5 exhibited an exponentially declining trend, and showed larger variations when ambient PM2.5 levels < 25 μg m-3. Personal exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with the increase in respiratory and systemic inflammatory biomarkers; however, the associations were weaker or became insignificant when ambient concentrations were used. Exposure to ambient PM2.5 might not be a good proxy to estimate the health effect of exposure to personal PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Han
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
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Altuwayjiri A, Taghvaee S, Mousavi A, Sowlat MH, Hassanvand MS, Kashani H, Faridi S, Yunesian M, Naddafi K, Sioutas C. Association of systemic inflammation and coagulation biomarkers with source-specific PM 2.5 mass concentrations among young and elderly subjects in central Tehran. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:191-208. [PMID: 32758070 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1806140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association between short-term exposure to different sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation in two different panels of elderly and healthy young individuals in central Tehran. Five biomarkers, including white blood cells (WBC), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were analyzed in the blood samples drawn every 8 weeks from the subjects between May 2012 and May 2013. The studied populations consisted of 44 elderly individuals at a retirement home as well as 40 young adults residing at a school dormitory. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)-resolved source-specific PM2.5 mass concentrations and biomarker levels were used as the input to the linear mixed-effects regression model to evaluate the impact of exposure to previously identified PM sources at retirement home and school dormitory in two time lag configurations: lag 1-3 (1-3 days before the blood sampling), and lag 4-6 (4-6 days before the blood sampling). Our analysis of the elderly revealed positive associations of all biomarkers (except hsCRP) with particles of secondary origin in both time lags, further corroborating the toxicity of secondary aerosols formed by photochemical processing in central Tehran. Moreover, industrial emissions, and road dust particles were positively associated with WBC, sTNF-RII, and IL-6 among seniors, while vehicular emissions exhibited positive associations with all biomarkers in either first- or second-time lag. In contrast, most of the PM2.5 sources showed insignificant associations with biomarkers of inflammation in the panel of healthy young subjects. Therefore, findings from this study indicated that various PM2.5 sources increase the levels of inflammation and coagulation biomarkers, although the strength and significance of these associations vary depending on the type of PM sources, demographic characteristics, and differ across the different time lags. Implications: Tehran, the capital of Iran with a population of more than 9 million people, has been facing serious air pollution challenges as a result of extensive vehicular, and industrial activities in the previous years. Among various air pollutants in Tehran, fine particulate matters (PM2.5, particles with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 µm) are known as one of the most important critical pollutants, causing several adverse health impacts including lung cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary diseases. Therefore, a number of studies in the area have tried to investigate the adverse health impacts of exposure to PM2.5. However, no studies have ever been conducted in Tehran to examine the association between specific PM2.5 sources and biomarkers of coagulation and systemic inflammation as indicators of cardiovascular disorders. Indeed, this is the first study in the area investigating the association of source-specific PM2.5 with biomarkers of inflammation including white blood cells (WBC), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-soluble receptor-II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Our results have important implications for policy makers in identifying the most toxic sources of PM2.5, and in turn designing schemes for mitigating adverse health impacts of air pollution in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik Altuwayjiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sina Taghvaee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amirhosein Mousavi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad H Sowlat
- Advanced Monitoring Technologies, Science and Technology Advancement Division, South Coast Air Quality Management District , Diamond Bar, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Kashani
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yee J, Cho YA, Yoo HJ, Yun H, Gwak HS. Short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2021; 20:6. [PMID: 33413431 PMCID: PMC7792212 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a major issue that poses a health threat worldwide. Although several studies investigated the adverse effects of air pollution on various diseases, few have directly demonstrated the effects on pneumonia. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the associations between short-term exposure of air pollutants and hospital admission or emergency room (ER) visit for pneumonia. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 10, 2020. Pooled estimates were calculated as % increase with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. A sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method and subgroup analysis by region were performed. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis. Every 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 and PM10 resulted in a 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5-1.5) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2-0.6) increase in hospital admission or ER visit for pneumonia, respectively. Every 1 ppm increase of CO and 10 ppb increase of NO2, SO2, and O3 was associated with 4.2% (95% CI: 0.6-7.9), 3.2% (95% CI: 1.3-5.1), 2.4% (95% CI: - 2.0-7.1), and 0.4% (95% CI: 0-0.8) increase in pneumonia-specific hospital admission or ER visit, respectively. Except for CO, the sensitivity analyses yielded similar results, demonstrating the robustness of the results. In a subgroup analysis by region, PM2.5 increased hospital admission or ER visit for pneumonia in East Asia but not in North America. CONCLUSION By combining the inconsistent findings of several studies, this study revealed the associations between short-term exposure of air pollutants and pneumonia-specific hospital admission or ER visit, especially for PM and NO2. Based on the results, stricter intervention policies regarding air pollution and programs for protecting human respiratory health should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ah Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Mokhwa Convalescent Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseo Yun
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Liu L, Song F, Fang J, Wei J, Ho HC, Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang Z, Hu C, Zhang Y. Intraday effects of ambient PM 1 on emergency department visits in Guangzhou, China: A case-crossover study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142347. [PMID: 33182206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to PM2.5 has been widely associated with human morbidity and mortality. However, most up-to-date research was conducted at a daily timescale, neglecting the intra-day variations in both exposure and outcome. As an important fraction in PM2.5, PM1 has not been investigated about the very acute effects within a few hours. METHODS Hourly data for size-specific PMs (i.e., PM1, PM2.5, and PM10), all-cause emergency department (ED) visits and meteorological factors were collected from Guangzhou, China, 2015-2016. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the hourly association between size-specific PMs and ED visits, adjusting for hourly mean temperature and relative humidity. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex and season were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. RESULTS A total of 292,743 cases of ED visits were included. The effects of size-specific PMs exhibited highly similar lag patterns, wherein estimated odds ratio (OR) experienced a slight rise from lag 0-3 to 4-6 h and subsequently attenuated to null along with the extension of lag periods. In comparison with PM2.5 and PM10, PM1 induced slightly larger effects on ED visits. At lag 0-3 h, for instance, ED visits increased by 1.49% (95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.79%), 1.39% (1.12-1.66%) and 1.18% (0.97-1.40%) associated with a 10-μg/m3 rise, respectively, in PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. We have detected a significant effect modification by season, with larger PM1-associated OR during the cold months (1.017, 1.013 to 1.021) compared with the warm months (1.010, 1.005 to 1.015). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided brand-new evidence regarding the adverse impact of PM1 exposure on human health within several hours. PM-associated effects were significantly more potent during the cold months. These findings may aid health policy-makers in establishing hourly air quality standards and optimizing the allocation of emergency medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Fujian Song
- Public Health and Health Services Research, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich,NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jiaying Fang
- Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengyang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Tang H, Cheng Z, Li N, Mao S, Ma R, He H, Niu Z, Chen X, Xiang H. The short- and long-term associations of particulate matter with inflammation and blood coagulation markers: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115630. [PMID: 33254709 PMCID: PMC7687019 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and the coagulation cascade are considered to be the potential mechanisms of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure-induced adverse cardiovascular events. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and fibrinogen are arguably the four most commonly assayed markers to reflect the relationships of PM with inflammation and blood coagulation. This review summarized and quantitatively analyzed the existing studies reporting short- and long-term associations of PM2.5(PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm)/PM10 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter≤10 μm) with important inflammation and blood coagulation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, fibrinogen). We reviewed relevant studies published up to July 2020, using three English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) and two Chinese databases (Wang-Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The OHAT tool, with some modification, was applied to evaluate risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted with random-effects models for calculating the pooled estimate of markers. To assess the potential effect modifiers and the source of heterogeneity, we conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses where appropriate. The assessment and correction of publication bias were based on Begg's and Egger's test and "trim-and-fill" analysis. We identified 44 eligible studies. For short-term PM exposure, the percent change of a 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 increase on TNF-α and fibrinogen was 3.51% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21%, 5.81%) and 0.54% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21%, 0.86%) respectively. We also found a significant short-term association between PM10 and fibrinogen (percent change = 0.17%, 95% CI: 0.04%, 0.29%). Overall analysis showed that long-term associations of fibrinogen with PM2.5 and PM10 were not significant. Subgroup analysis showed that long-term associations of fibrinogen with PM2.5 and PM10 were significant only found in studies conducted in Asia. Our findings support significant short-term associations of PM with TNF-α and fibrinogen. Future epidemiological studies should address the role long-term PM exposure plays in inflammation and blood coagulation markers level change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122# Luoshi Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyuan Mao
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Runxue Ma
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Haijun He
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Niu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Faridi S, Akbari H, Faridi H, Keshmiri S, Adibzadeh A. Human, Forest and vegetation health metrics of ground-level ozone (SOMO35, AOT40f and AOT40v) in Tehran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1351-1358. [PMID: 33312647 PMCID: PMC7721827 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the spatial O3 indices (SOMO35: annual sum of maximum daily 8-h ozone means over 35 ppb, AOT40: the accumulated exposure over an hourly threshold of 40 ppb during daylight hours between 8:00 and 20:00 in the growing seasons of plants) in Tehran (2019-2020). METHODS The data of ambient O3 concentrations, measured at twenty-three regulatory ambient air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) in Tehran, were obtained. RESULTS The annual mean O3 concentrations were found to be 15.8-25.7 ppb; the highest and lowest annual mean concentration of ambient O3 were observed in Shahrdari 22 and Shahr-e-Rey stations, respectively. Spatial distribution of exposure to O3 across Tehran was in the range of 1.36-1.64; the highest O3 concentrations were observed in the northern, west and south-western parts of Tehran, while the central and south areas of Tehran city experienced low to moderate concentrations. The indices of SOMO35, AOT40f and AOT40v across AQMSs in Tehran was in the range of 1830-6437 ppb. Days, 10,613-39,505 ppb.h and 4979-16,804 ppb.h, respectively. For Tehran city, the indices of SOMO35 and AOT40f were 4138 ppb. days and 27,556 ppb.h respectively. Our results revealed that the value of SOMO35 across AQMSs of Tehran was higher than the recommended target value of 3000 ppb. days. CONCLUSIONS To reduce O3 pollution and its effects on both human and plants health, the governmental organizations should take appropriate sustainable control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Faridi
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Akbari
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Faridi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Saeed Keshmiri
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Amir Adibzadeh
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu M, Guo W, Cai Y, Yang H, Li W, Yang L, Lai X, Fang Q, Ma L, Zhu R, Zhang X. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter and renal function in children: A panel study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115129. [PMID: 32688076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence regarding the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with renal function in children and its underlying mechanism. We included 105 children aged 4-13 years from a panel study conducted in Wuhan, China with up to 3 repeated visits across 3 seasons from October 9, 2017 to June 1, 2018. We measured personal real-time PM2.5 exposure concentration continuously for 72 h preceding each round of health examinations that included serum creatinine and cytokines. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over various lag times, and a mediation analysis was applied for the role of cytokines in association between PM2.5 and eGFR. Results showed that personal exposure to PM2.5 was dose-responsive related to decreased eGFR within lag 2 days. The effect was the strongest at lag 0 day with estimation of -1.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.27%, -1.10%] in eGFR by a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, and reached peak at lag 3 h, then declined over time. Such inverse relationships were more evident among children aged 4-6 years, or boys or those who lived proximity to major roadways <300 m. Notably, eGFR still held on to decrease even when PM2.5 was below Class II Chinese ambient air quality standard at lag 0 day. Moreover, the effect of PM2.5 on eGFR was significantly reduced in children with high and medium levels of serum chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27), but not in those with low CCL27. Furthermore, CCL27 was positively relevant to PM2.5, and mediated proportion of CCL27 ranged from 3.75% to 6.61% in relations between PM2.5 and decreased eGFR over various lag times. In summary, short-term PM2.5 exposure might be dose-responsive associated with reduced eGFR whereby a mechanism partly involving CCL27 among healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huihua Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenze Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangle Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Qiu H, Wang L, Zhou L, Pan J. Coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) and cause-specific hospitalizations in southwestern China: Association, attributable risk and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110004. [PMID: 32745536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of the coarse particle (diameter in 2.5-10 μm, PM2.5-10), as well as the corresponding morbidity burden and economic costs, remain understudied, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations in a multi-city setting in southwestern China and assess the attributable risk and economic costs. City-specific associations were firstly estimated using generalized additive models with quasi-poisson distribution to handle over-dispersion, and then combined to obtain the regional average association. City-specific and pooled concentration-response (C-R) associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations were also modeled. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, season and region. The health and economic burden of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes due to PM2.5-10 were further evaluated. A total of 4,407,601 non-accidental hospitalizations were collected from 678 hospitals. The estimates of percentage change in hospitalizations per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5-10 at lag01 was 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.03%) for non-accidental causes, 0.86% (95% CI: 0.36%-1.37%) for circulatory diseases, 1.52% (95% CI: 1.00%-2.05%) for respiratory diseases, 1.08% (95% CI: 0.47%-1.69%) for endocrine diseases, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.12%-1.21%) for nervous system diseases, and 0.84% (95% CI: 0.42%-1.25%) for genitourinary diseases, respectively. The C-R associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations suggested some evidence of nonlinearity, except for endocrine diseases. Meanwhile, the adverse effects were modified by age and season. Overall, about 0.70% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.06%) of non-accidental hospitalizations and 0.78% (95% CI: 0.38%-1.17%) of total hospitalization expenses could be attributed to PM2.5-10. The largest morbidity burden and economic costs were observed in respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that PM2.5-10 exposure may increase the risk of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes, and account for considerable morbidity and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Hou J, Duan Y, Liu X, Li R, Tu R, Pan M, Dong X, Mao Z, Huo W, Chen G, Guo Y, Li S, Wang C. Associations of long-term exposure to air pollutants, physical activity and platelet traits of cardiovascular risk in a rural Chinese population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140182. [PMID: 32594998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollutants relate to increase risk of cardiovascular diseases that may be partially attributable to platelet dysfunction. Physical activity (PA) may attenuate inflammation to modulate platelet function. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate associations of air pollutants and PA with platelet traits of cardiovascular risk. METHODS A total of 31,282 participants were obtained from the Henan Rural Cohort (n = 39,259). The concentrations of particulate matter (PM) (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1.0 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), or ≤10 μm (PM10)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were evaluated by using a spatiotemporal model incorporated into satellites data. Independent and combined effects of air pollutants and PA on platelet traits were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Positive associations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 with platelet indices (mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), the MPV to platelet counts (PLT) ratio (MPVP)) were observed, whereas negative associations of PM10 and NO2 with PLT or plateletcrit (PCT) were observed; negative interaction effects of PM2.5 PM10 and NO2 and PA on MPV, PDW or P-LCR were found; negative interaction effects of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 and PA on PCT were observed. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to air pollutants were related to increase platelet size and these associations were attenuated by increased PA, implying that PA is a costless and affordable method to decrease adverse effects on platelet traits in relation to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Runqi Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Abstract
Introduction: Air pollution is linked to mortality and morbidity. Since humans spend nearly all their time indoors, improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is a compelling approach to mitigate air pollutant exposure. To assess interventions, relying on clinical outcomes may require prolonged follow-up, which hinders feasibility. Thus, identifying biomarkers that respond to changes in IAQ may be useful to assess the effectiveness of interventions. Methods: We conducted a narrative review by searching several databases to identify studies published over the last decade that measured the response of blood, urine, and/or salivary biomarkers to variations (natural and intervention-induced) of changes in indoor air pollutant exposure. Results: Numerous studies reported on associations between IAQ exposures and biomarkers with heterogeneity across study designs and methods. This review summarizes the responses of 113 biomarkers described in 30 articles. The biomarkers which most frequently responded to variations in indoor air pollutant exposures were high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP). Conclusions: This review will guide the selection of biomarkers for translational studies evaluating the impact of indoor air pollutants on human health.
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Cheng FJ, Wu KH, Hung SC, Lee KH, Lee CW, Liu KY, Hsu PC. Association between ambient air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: are there potentially susceptible groups? JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:641-649. [PMID: 31578416 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and the effects of underlying diseases. Between January 2015 and December 2016, data on particulate matter (PM)2.5 and other air pollutants in Kaohsiung City were collected, and an emergency medical service database was used for information on patients who experienced OHCA. Overall, 3566 patients were analyzed and subgroup analyses by sex, age, and preexisting morbidities were performed. Interquartile increments in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 levels on lag 1 and NO2 level on lag 3 were associated with increments of 10.8%, 11.3%, 6.2%, and 1.7% in OHCA incidence, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with diabetes (1.363; interaction p = 0.009), heart disease (1.612; interaction p = 0.001), and advanced age (≥70 years, 1.297; interaction p = 0.003) were more susceptible to NO2 on lag 3. Moreover, patients were more susceptible to O3 during the cold season (1.194; interaction p = 0.001). We found that PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 may play an important role in OHCA events, and the effects vary by underlying condition, age and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Hung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ying Liu
- Fire Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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