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Harriage S, Harasheh A, Schultz N, Long B. Bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic flora in an Australian river system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174361. [PMID: 38960202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the environment and are a ubiquitous presence in rivers downstream of wastewater treatment plant outfalls. Questions remain about the persistence of pharmaceuticals in rivers, and the uptake and bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic plants. Our study took place in the Yarrowee/Leigh/Barwon River system in southeastern Australia. We quantified the concentrations of five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, primidone, propranolol, tramadol, and venlafaxine) in surface water at five sites along a 144-km stretch of river, downstream of the presumed primary point source (a wastewater treatment plant outfall). We quantified pharmaceuticals in the leaves of two aquatic plant species (Phragmites australis and Vallisneria australis) sampled at each site, and calculated bioconcentration factors. All five pharmaceuticals were detected in surface waters, and the highest detected concentration exceeded 500 ng.L-1 (tramadol). Four of the pharmaceuticals (all except tramadol) were detected and quantified at all sites, including the furthest site from the outfall (144 km). Carbamazepine showed less attenuation with distance from the outfall than the other pharmaceuticals. Carbamazepine and venlafaxine were quantified in the leaves of both aquatic plant species (range: 10-31 ng.g-1), and there was evidence that bioconcentration factors increased with decreasing surface water concentrations. The study demonstrates the potential long-distance persistence of pharmaceuticals in river systems, and the bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic plants in natural ecosystems. These phenomena deserve greater attention as aquatic plants are a potential point of transfer of pharmaceuticals from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Harriage
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmad Harasheh
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nick Schultz
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Long
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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Robinson RFA, Mills GA, Grabic R, Bořík A, Fones GR. Quantification and risk assessment of polar organic contaminants in two chalk streams in Hampshire, UK using the Chemcatcher passive sampler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173316. [PMID: 38782290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater systems are facing a number of pressures due to the inputs of polar organic contaminants from a range of sources including agriculture, domestic and industry. The River Itchen and River Test are two sensitive chalk streams in Southern England that are experiencing a decline in invertebrate communities. We used Chemcatcher passive samplers to measure time-weighted average concentrations (14 days) of polar pollutants at nine sites on the River Itchen and eight sites on the River Test over a 12-month period. Sampler extracts were analysed using a targeted LC/MS method. In total, 121 plant protection products and pharmaceutical and personal care products were quantified (range of log Kow from - 1.5 to 7). Concentrations (sub ng L-1 to >500 ng L-1) in both rivers showed spatial and temporal variations. A greater number of compounds and higher concentrations were found in the River Test. The chemical profile was dominated by inputs from wastewater treatment plants and legacy plant protection products. On the River Itchen, high concentrations (∼100 ng L-1) of caffeine were observed directly downstream of a fish farm. Using the NORMAN database, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) freshwater values were exceeded by only five contaminants (2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, alprazolam, azithromycin, diclofenac and imidacloprid). In addition, venlafaxine was detected above its EU Watch List concentration. These exceedances were mainly downstream of direct inputs from treatment plants. These compounds are known to have ecotoxicological effects on a range of aquatic biota including macroinvertebrates. Of concern is the ubiquitous presence of the ectoparasiticide imidacloprid, highlighting the need to control its use. The impact of the cocktail of pollutants found in this study on the long-term effects on chalk stream ecosystems remains unknown and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund F A Robinson
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK.
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Linge KL, Gruchlik Y, Busetti F, Ryan U, Joll CA. Use of micropollutant indicator ratios to characterize wastewater treatment plant efficiency and to identify wastewater impact on groundwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120822. [PMID: 38599088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by wastewater has been traditionally assessed by measuring faecal coliforms, such as E. coli and entereococci. However, using micropollutants to track wastewater input is gaining interest. In this study, we identified nine micropollutant indicators that could be used to characterize water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency in pond-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of varying configuration. Of 232 micropollutants tested, nine micropollutants were detected in treated wastewater at concentrations and frequencies suitable to be considered as indicators for treated wastewater. The nine indicators were then classified as stable (carbamazepine, sucralose, benzotriazole, 4+5-methylbenzotriazole), labile (atorvastatin, naproxen, galaxolide) or intermediate/uncertain (gemfibrozil, tris(chloropropyl)phosphate isomers) based on observed removals in the pond-based WWTPs and correlations between micropollutant and dissolved organic carbon removal. The utility of the selected indicators was evaluated by assessing the wastewater quality in different stages of wastewater treatment in three pond-based WWTPs, as well as selected groundwater bores near one WWTP, where treated wastewater was used to irrigate a nearby golf course. Ratios of labile to stable indicators provided insight into the treatment efficiency of different facultative and maturation ponds and highlighted the seasonal variability in treatment efficiency for some pond-based WWTPs. Additionally, indicator ratios of labile to stable indicators identified potential unintended release of untreated wastewater to groundwater, even with the presence of micropollutants in other groundwater bores related to approved reuse of treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Linge
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Perth, Australia.
| | - Yolanta Gruchlik
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
| | - Francesco Busetti
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, PO Box 1250, Perth, Australia
| | - Una Ryan
- Harry Butler Institute, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Joll
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Australia
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Brauge T, Bourdonnais E, Trigueros S, Cresson P, Debuiche S, Granier SA, Midelet G. Antimicrobial resistance and geographical distribution of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and seawater in the English Channel and the North sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123434. [PMID: 38290653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus is a significant food safety hazard. The marine environment serves as a source of food for humans and is subject to various human-induced discharges, which may contain Staphylococcus strains associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and geographical distribution of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in seawater and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) samples collected from the English Channel and the North Sea. We isolated and identified 238 Staphylococcus strains, including 12 coagulase-positive (CoPs) and 226 coagulase-negative (CoNs) strains. All CoPs isolates exhibited resistance to at least one of the 16 antibiotics tested. Among the CoNs strains, 52% demonstrated resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 7 isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In these MDR strains, we identified AMR genes that confirmed the resistance phenotype, as well as other AMR genes, such as quaternary ammonium resistance. One CoNS strain carried 9 AMR genes, including both antibiotic and biocide resistance genes. By mapping the AMR phenotypes, we demonstrated that rivers had a local influence, particularly near the English coast, on the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. The analysis of marine environmental parameters revealed that turbidity and phosphate concentration were implicated in the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. Our findings underscore the crucial role of wild whiting and seawater in the dissemination of AMR Staphylococcus within the marine environment, thereby posing a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Erwan Bourdonnais
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sylvain Trigueros
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, Channel/North Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sabine Debuiche
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Fougères, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Bourdonnais E, Le Bris C, Brauge T, Midelet G. Monitoring indicator genes to assess antimicrobial resistance contamination in phytoplankton and zooplankton communities from the English Channel and the North Sea. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1313056. [PMID: 38389523 PMCID: PMC10882542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1313056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton and zooplankton play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as the basis of the food webs but are also vulnerable to environmental pollutants. Among emerging pollutants, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem encountered in all environmental compartments. However, the role of planktonic communities in its dissemination within the marine environment remains largely unexplored. In this study, we monitored four genes proposed as AMR indicators (tetA, blaTEM, sul1, and intI1) in phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected in the English Channel and the North Sea. The indicator gene abundance was mapped to identify the potential sources of contamination. Correlation was assessed with environmental parameters to explore the potential factors influencing the abundance of AMR in the plankton samples. The prevalence in phytoplankton and zooplankton of sul1 and intI1, the most quantified indicator genes, ranged from 63 to 88%. A higher level of phytoplankton and zooplankton carrying these genes was observed near the French and English coasts in areas subjected to anthropogenic discharges from the lands but also far from the coasts. Correlation analysis demonstrated that water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were correlated to the abundance of indicator genes associated with phytoplankton and zooplankton samples. In conclusion, the sul1 and intI1 genes would be suitable indicators for monitoring AMR contamination of the marine environment, either in phytoplankton and zooplankton communities or in seawater. This study fills a part of the gaps in knowledge about the AMR transport by marine phytoplankton and zooplankton, which may play a role in the transmission of resistance to humans through the marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Bourdonnais
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Univ. du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, Unité sous Contrat ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. de Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cédric Le Bris
- Univ. du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, Unité sous Contrat ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. de Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Wilschnack M, Homer B, Cartmell E, Yates K, Petrie B. Targeted multi-analyte UHPLC-MS/MS methodology for emerging contaminants in septic tank wastewater, sludge and receiving surface water. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:709-720. [PMID: 38214144 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Septic tanks treat wastewater of individual houses and small communities (up to 2000 people in Scotland) in rural and semi-urban areas and are understudied sources of surface water contamination. A multi-analyte methodology with solid phase extraction (SPE), ultra-sonic extraction, and direct injection sample preparation methods was developed to analyse a comprehensive range of emerging contaminants (ECs) including prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and related metabolites, natural and synthetic hormones, and other human wastewater marker compounds in septic tank influent and effluent, river water, suspended solids, and septic tank sludge by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The number of quantifiable compounds in each matrix varied from 68 in septic tank wastewater to 59 in sludge illustrating its applicability across a range of matrices. Method quantification limits were 2.9 × 10-5-1.2 μg L-1 in septic tank influent, effluent and river water, with ≤0.01 μg L-1 achieved for 60% of ECs in all three water matrices, and 0.080-49 μg kg-1 in sludge. The developed method was applied to a septic tank (292 population equivalents) and the receiving river in the North-East of Scotland. Across all samples analysed, 43 of 68 ECs were detected in at least one matrix, demonstrating the method's sensitivity. The effluent concentrations suggest limited removal of ECs in septic tanks and a potential impact to river water quality for some ECs. However, further monitoring is required to better appreciate this. The developed methodology for a wide variety of ECs in a range of liquid and solid phases will allow, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of ECs fate and removal in septic tanks, and their impact to surface water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Wilschnack
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Bess Homer
- Scottish Water, 55 Buckstone Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 6XH, UK
| | - Elise Cartmell
- Scottish Water, 55 Buckstone Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 6XH, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Bruce Petrie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
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Lee S, Choi Y, Kang D, Jeon J. Proposal for priority emerging pollutants in the Nakdong river, Korea: Application of EU watch list mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122838. [PMID: 37918771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The Nakdong River, the longest in Korea, has received numerous pollutants from heavily industrialized and densely populated areas while being used as a drinking water source. A number of research have reported occurrences of emerging pollutants (EPs) in the river. The results requested efficient monitoring and systematic management strategies such as EU watch list under Water Framework Directive. The aim of this study is to propose a watch list through preliminary monitoring of the river and risk-based prioritization approach. As candidates for monitoring target, 632 substances were selected based on literature and database searches. Among them, 175 substances were subjected to target screening method whereas 457 were evaluated via suspect screening. A risk-based prioritization was applied to substances quantified through target screening based on concentrations, and a scoring-based prioritization was applied to substances tentatively identified through suspect screening. Sampling campaigns (n = 12) were conducted from October 2020 to September 2021, at 8 sampling sites along the river. As a result, 130 target substances were quantified above the LOQ. Among the 21 substances whose priority score was assigned through risk-based prioritization, telmisartan and iprobenfos were identified with very high environmental risk while candesartan, TBEP, imidacloprid, azithromycin and clotrimazole were classified with high or intermediate risk. As result of the scoring system for 39 tentatively identified substances, 6 substances (benzophenone, caprolactam, metolachlor oxanilic acid, heptaethylene glycol, octaethylene glycol and pentaethylene glycol), which were then confirmed with reference standards, showed a potential environmental risk. Those substances prioritized through target and suspect screening followed by scoring systems can be a subset for the watch list and potential targets for nationwide water quality monitoring program in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; Water Environmental Safety Management Dept., Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water), 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea.
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Huynh NC, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Occurrence, toxicity, impact and removal of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165317. [PMID: 37419350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently used pharmaceuticals for human therapy, pet therapeutics, and veterinary feeds, enabling them to enter into water sources such as wastewater, soil and sediment, and seawater. The control of NSAIDs has led to the advent of the novel materials for treatment techniques. Herein, we review the occurrence, impact and toxicity of NSAIDs against aquatic microorganisms, plants and humans. Typical NSAIDs, e.g., ibuprofen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and aspirin were detected at high concentrations in wastewater up to 2,747,000 ng L-1. NSAIDs in water could cause genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, locomotive disorders, body deformations, organs damage, and photosynthetic corruption. Considering treatment methods, among adsorbents for removal of NSAIDs from water, metal-organic frameworks (10.7-638 mg g-1) and advanced porous carbons (7.4-400 mg g-1) were the most robust. Therefore, these carbon-based adsorbents showed promise in efficiency for the treatment of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Chi Huynh
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam; Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam.
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Egli M, Rapp-Wright H, Oloyede O, Francis W, Preston-Allen R, Friedman S, Woodward G, Piel FB, Barron LP. A One-Health environmental risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in London's waterways throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108210. [PMID: 37778289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had huge impacts on global urban populations, activity and health, yet little is known about attendant consequences for urban river ecosystems. We detected significant changes in occurrence and risks from contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in waterways across Greater London (UK) during the pandemic. We were able to rapidly identify and monitor large numbers of CECs in n = 390 samples across 2019-2021 using novel direct-injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for scalable targeted analysis, suspect screening and prioritisation of CEC risks. A total of 10,029 measured environmental concentrations (MECs) were obtained for 66 unique CECs. Pharmaceutical MECs decreased during lockdown in 2020 in the R. Thames (p ≤ 0.001), but then increased significantly in 2021 (p ≤ 0.01). For the tributary rivers, the R. Lee, Beverley Brook, R. Wandle and R. Hogsmill were the most impacted, primarily via wastewater treatment plant effluent and combined sewer overflows. In the R. Hogsmill in particular, pharmaceutical MEC trends were generally correlated with NHS prescription statistics, likely reflecting limited wastewater dilution. Suspect screening of ∼ 1,200 compounds tentatively identified 25 additional CECs at the five most impacted sites, including metabolites such as O-desmethylvenlafaxine, an EU Watch List compound. Lastly, risk quotients (RQs) ≥ 0.1 were calculated for 21 compounds across the whole Greater London freshwater catchment, of which seven were of medium risk (RQ ≥ 1.0) and three were in the high-risk category (RQ ≥ 10), including imidacloprid (RQ = 19.6), azithromycin (15.7) and diclofenac (10.5). This is the largest spatiotemporal dataset of its kind for any major capital city globally and the first for Greater London, representing ∼ 16 % of the population of England, and delivering a foundational One-Health case study in the third largest city in Europe across a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Egli
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Rapp-Wright
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olukemi Oloyede
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Francis
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rhys Preston-Allen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Dept. Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Brackhurst Road SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Stav Friedman
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Dept. Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Brackhurst Road SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit (SAHSU), Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; Dept. Analytical & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Besley CH, Batley GE, Cassidy M. Tracking contaminants of concern in wet-weather sanitary sewer overflows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96763-96781. [PMID: 37581734 PMCID: PMC10495504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Four representative sites in the greater city of Sydney, Australia, were selected for a study of the wet-weather overflow of sanitary (separate to stormwater) sewerage systems. Water samples were collected by autosamplers from up to eight wet weather overflow events over 16 months and from companion receiving water sites. The objective was to identify the risks posed by sewage contaminants to aquatic biota in the receiving waters, to aid in prioritising management actions. Twelve organic contaminants were identified in influents across the four sites under rainfall ingress diluted conditions, with measurements showing that the highest concentrations were restricted to the anti-inflammatory acetaminophen and the diabetes medication metformin. Lesser contaminants included theobromine, ibuprofen, sucralose, and three benzotriazoles (mainly 1-H benzotriazole). An assessment of the toxicity of the identified organic chemicals indicated that none appeared to pose concerns for ecosystem health before wet-weather ingress dilution, and this was even less likely after dilution in the receiving waters. Metal concentrations were low; however, ammonia concentrations in the influent did pose a risk to ecosystem health, although receiving water dilution diminished this risk at four of the five receiving water locations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Besley
- Laboratory Services, Sydney Water, 51 Hermitage Road, West Ryde, NSW, 2114, Australia.
| | - Graeme E Batley
- CSIRO Environment, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Michele Cassidy
- Wastewater Product, Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia
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11
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Yang S, Liao M, Su S, Ding S, Li Y, Gan Z. Occurrence, distribution and environmental risk of 19 anthelmintic drugs in river water and sediment from the Jinjiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1407-1417. [PMID: 37545439 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the occurrence and distribution of 19 anthelmintic drugs (ADs) including the benzimidazole group, salicylanilide group, imidazothiazole group, tetrahydropyrimidine group, diphenylsulfide group, macrocyclic lactone group and hexahydropyrazine group in river water and sediment of the Jinjiang River in Sichuan, China, during summer and winter seasons. All targets were detected in river water (up to 74.64 ng L-1) and sediment (up to 1701 ng g-1) samples. The predominant ADs were benzimidazoles regardless of seasons and matrices, accounting for 43-82% of the total anthelmintic abundance. Obvious seasonal variation of AD concentrations in the two matrices was observed, which could be attributed to the seasonality of human and veterinary uses of ADs. Evident spatial variation (urban and rural areas) of ADs in winter was indicative of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the environmental concentration of ADs. Though benzimidazoles accumulated in the water and sediment with the highest concentration among all the ADs, macrocyclic lactones were of the highest risk to non-target organisms through ecological risk assessment, with an RQEcotox value up to 2713. This work contributes to comprehensively assessing the contamination level, ecological level and transmission characteristics of ADs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Mengxi Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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12
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Richards LA, Guo S, Lapworth DJ, White D, Civil W, Wilson GJL, Lu C, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Khamis K, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC. Emerging organic contaminants in the River Ganga and key tributaries in the middle Gangetic Plain, India: Characterization, distribution & controls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121626. [PMID: 37054870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in freshwater environments is a key issue in India and globally, particularly due to ecotoxicological and potential antimicrobial resistance concerns. Here we have investigated the composition and spatial distribution of EOCs in surface water along a ∼500 km segment of the iconic River Ganges (Ganga) and key tributaries in the middle Gangetic Plain of Northern India. Using a broad screening approach, in 11 surface water samples, we identified 51 EOCs, comprising of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, lifestyle and industrial chemicals. Whilst the majority of EOCs detected were a mixture of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, lifestyle chemicals (and particularly sucralose) occurred at the highest concentrations. Ten of the EOCs detected are priority compounds (e.g. sulfamethoxazole, diuron, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutane sulfonate, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, clothianidin and diclofenac). In almost 50% of water samples, sulfamethoxazole concentrations exceeded predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for ecological toxicity. A significant downstream reduction in EOCs was observed along the River Ganga between Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and Begusarai (Bihar), likely reflecting dilution effects associated with three major tributaries, all with considerably lower EOC concentrations than the main Ganga channel. Sorption and/or redox controls were observed for some compounds (e.g. clopidol), as well as a relatively high degree of mixing of EOCs within the river. We discuss the environmental relevance of the persistence of several parent compounds (notably atrazine, carbamazepine, metribuzin and fipronil) and associated transformation products. Associations between EOCs and other hydrochemical parameters including excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence indicated positive, significant, and compound-specific correlations between EOCs and tryptophan-, fulvic- and humic-like fluorescence. This study expands the baseline characterization of EOCs in Indian surface water and contributes to an improved understanding of the potential sources and controls on EOC distribution in the River Ganga and other large river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Shuaizhi Guo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Debbie White
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, National Laboratory Service, Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - George J L Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Center, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Kieran Khamis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; LEHNA - Laboratoire D'ecologie des Hydrosystemes Naturels et Anthropises, University of Lyon, Darwin C & Forel, 3-6 Rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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13
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Lukač Reberski J, Selak A, Lapworth DJ, Maurice LD, Terzić J, Civil W, Stroj A. Emerging organic contaminants in springs of the highly karstified Dinaric region. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 2023; 621:129583. [PMID: 37334317 PMCID: PMC10273240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) have become of increasing interest due to concerns about their impact on humans and the wider environment. Karst aquifers are globally widespread, providing critical water supplies and sustaining rivers and ecosystems, and are particularly susceptible to pollution. However, EOC distributions in karst remain quite poorly understood. This study looks at the occurrence of EOCs in the Croatian karst, which is an example of the "classical" karst, a highly developed type of karst that occurs throughout the Dinaric region of Europe. Samples were collected from 17 karst springs and one karst lake used for water supply in Croatia during two sampling campaigns. From a screen of 740 compounds, a total of 65 compounds were detected. EOC compounds from the pharmaceutical (n = 26) and agrochemical groups (n = 26) were the most frequently detected, while industrials and artificial sweeteners had the highest concentrations (range 8-440 ng/L). The number of detected compounds and the frequency of detection demonstrate the vulnerability of karst to EOC pollution. Concentrations of 5 compounds (acesulfame, sucralose, perfluorobutane sulfonate, emamectin B1b, and triphenyl phosphate) exceeded EU standards and occurred at concentrations that are likely to be harmful to ecosystems. Overall, most detections were at low concentrations (50 % <1 ng/L). This may be due to high dilution within the exceptionally large springs of the Classical karst, or due to relatively few pollution sources within the catchments. Nevertheless, EOC fluxes are considerable (10 to 106 ng/s) due to the high discharge of the springs. Temporal differences were observed, but without a clear pattern, reflecting the highly variable nature of karst springs that occurs over both seasonal and short-term timescales. This research is one of a handful of regional EOC investigations in karst groundwater, and the first regional study in the Dinaric karst. It demonstrates the need for more frequent and extensive sampling of EOCs in karst to protect human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Selak
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dan J. Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Louise D. Maurice
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Josip Terzić
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wayne Civil
- NLS Starcross Lab, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Exeter EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Andrej Stroj
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Sandre F, Huynh N, Caupos E, El-Mrabet L, Partibane C, Lachaise I, Pommier C, Rivard M, Morin C, Moilleron R, Le Roux J, Garrigue-Antar L. Occurrence and fate of an emerging drug pollutant and its by-products during conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: Case study of furosemide. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138212. [PMID: 36822517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment systems are not designed to remove pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater. These compounds can be degraded into many other transformation products which are hardly, if at all, studied. In this context, we studied the occurrence and degradation of furosemide, a very frequently detected diuretic, along with its known degradation products in several types of wastewater. Influent and effluent from the Seine-Centre Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (Paris, France) as well as outlet of residential care homes (Dordogne, France) were analyzed by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to quantify furosemide and its known degradation products, saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide. Oxidation experiments (chlorination, ozonation and UV photolysis with hydrogen peroxide) were then performed on furosemide solutions and on water from residential care facilities to study the degradation of furosemide by potential advanced processes, and also to identify unknown oxidation products by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furosemide was well degraded in Seine-Centre WWTP (>75%) but did not increase the concentrations of its main degradation products. Saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide were already present at similar concentrations to furosemide in the raw wastewater (∼2.5-3.5 μg.L-1), and their removal in the WWTPs were very high (>80%). Despite their removal, the three compounds remained present in treated wastewater effluents at concentrations of hundreds of nanograms per liter. Chlorination degraded furosemide without pyridinium production unlike the other two processes. Chlorination and ozonation were also effective for the removal of furosemide and pyridinium in residential care home water, but they resulted in the production of saluamine. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of saluamine and pyridinium of furosemide in real water samples in either the particulate or dissolved phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidji Sandre
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Nina Huynh
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Emilie Caupos
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France; Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, OSU-EFLUVE, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Lamyae El-Mrabet
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | | | - Isabelle Lachaise
- ICMPE - Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR, 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, F-94320, Thiais, France
| | - Christophe Pommier
- LDAR 24 - Laboratoire Départemental D'analyses et de Recherche, Coulounieix Chamiers, France
| | - Michael Rivard
- ICMPE - Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR, 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, F-94320, Thiais, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- IUT - Sénart Fontainebleau, 36 Rue Georges Charpak, 77567, Lieusaint, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Julien Le Roux
- Leesu - Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
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15
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Yu X, Yu F, Li Z, Shi T, Xia Z, Li G. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of artificial sweeteners in surface and ground waters of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section, China). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52609-52623. [PMID: 36840868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of water contaminants, artificial sweeteners (ASs) have attracted much attention due to their environmental persistence and potential adverse effects to human and the environment. This study systematically investigated the occurrence and distribution of four commonly used ASs in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), surface water and groundwater in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section). Sucralose (SUC) was dominant in WWTP effluents and had the highest mass loading. Acesulfame (ACE), cyclamate (CYC), saccharin (SAC), and SUC were consistently detected in surface water at concentrations ranging from 1.364 ng/L (CYC) to 7786 ng/L (ACE). Spatial analysis showed that the pollution level of ASs in the trunk stream was lower than that in most tributaries. The total concentrations of ASs detected in surface water ranged between 308.7 and 10,498 ng/L, while in groundwater, the total concentration of ASs detected was between ND-4863 ng/L. ACE and SUC are the main pollutants in surface water and groundwater within this survey area. The risk assessment showed that the risks of the four target ASs to aquatic organisms were negligible (risk quotient (RQ) values < 0.1), and the maximum risk quotient of the mixtures (MRQ) values of all rivers were all much less than 0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Tongyang Shi
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, China
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16
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Zając-Woźnialis A, Kruszelnicka I, Zembrzuska J, Ginter-Kramarczyk D, Ochowiak M, Krupińska A. Efficiency of Diclofenac Removal Using Activated Sludge in a Dynamic System (SBR Reactor) with Variable Parameters of pH, Concentration, and Sludge Oxygenation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1422. [PMID: 36837051 PMCID: PMC9959338 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, traditional wastewater treatment systems have not been adapted to remove micropollutants, including pharmaceutical substances, which, even at low concentrations, cause adverse changes in aquatic and terrestrial living organisms. The problem of drug residues in the environment has been noticed; however, no universal legal regulations have been established for concentrations of these compounds in treated wastewater. Hence, the aim of the article was to determine the possibility of increasing the efficiency of diclofenac removal from activated sludge using the designed SBR reactor. This study included six cycles, working continuously, where each of them was characterized by changing conditions of pH, oxygenation, and composition of the synthetic medium. In each cycle, three concentrations of diclofenac were analyzed: 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L for the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d and the sludge retention time (SRT) of 12 d. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in the first test cycle for pH of natural sediment at the level of 6.7-7.0 (>97%), and in the third test cycle at pH stabilized at 6.5 (>87%). The reduced content of easily assimilable carbon from synthetic medium indicated a removal of >50%, which suggests that carbon in the structure of diclofenac restrained microorganisms to the rapid assimilation of this element. Under half-aerobic conditions, the drug removal effect for a concentration of 10 mg/L was slightly above 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zając-Woźnialis
- Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Kruszelnicka
- Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk
- Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ochowiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andżelika Krupińska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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17
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Yu X, Yu F, Li Z, Zhan J. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the surface water of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130369. [PMID: 36444065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are commonly seen emerging organic contaminants in aquatic environments. The transects for the occurrence and distribution of 24 PPCPs along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section) were investigated in this study. All 24 targeted compounds were detected in surface water, with concentrations in the range from not detected (ND) to 527.4 ng/L. Among these PPCPs, caffeine is found to have the highest concentration and its detection frequency is 100%. The total PPCP concentration ranged from 136 ng/L to 916 ng/L (median, 319.5 ng/L). Spatial analysis showed that the pollution level of PPCPs in the trunk stream was lower than that in most tributaries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Henan section). The ecotoxicological risk assessment indicated that norfloxacin, azithromycin, estrone, and triclosan posed high risks to aquatic organisms (RQ > 1), roxithromycin and oxytetracycline imposed moderate risks (0.1 ≤ RQ < 1), and the tributary Jindi River had the highest mixed risk (MRQ = 222).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jiang Zhan
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450045, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Water Resources (under construction), Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
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18
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Ojemaye CY, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Green L, Petrik L. The burden of emerging contaminants upon an Atlantic Ocean marine protected reserve adjacent to Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12625. [PMID: 36619409 PMCID: PMC9816787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and levels of fifteen chemicals of emerging concerns, including five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), two industrial chemicals, seven pharmaceuticals and one personal care product, were evaluated in biota, seawater and sediments obtained from near-shore coastal zone in Camps Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. Eight compounds were found in seawater, and between nine to twelve compounds were quantified in marine invertebrates, sediment and seaweed. Diclofenac was the prevalent pharmaceutical with a maximum concentration of 2.86 ng/L in seawater, ≥110.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments and ≥67.47 ng/g dw in marine biotas. Among PFCs, perfluoroheptanoic acid was predominant in seawater (0.21-0.46 ng/L). Accumulation of perfluorodecanoic acid (764 ng/g dw) as well as perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid (504.52 and 597.04 ng/g dw, respectively) was highest in samples of seaweed. The environmental risk assessment carried out in this study showed that although individual pollutants pose a low acute and chronic risk, yet individual compounds each had a high bioaccumulation factor in diverse marine species, and their combination as a complex mixture in marine organisms might have adverse effects upon aquatic organisms. Data revealed that this Atlantic Ocean marine protected environment is affected by the presence of numerous and diverse emerging contaminants that could only have originated from sewage discharges. The complex mixture of persistent chemicals found bioaccumulating in marine organisms could bode ill for the propagation and survival of marine protected species, since many of these compounds are known toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y. Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, N. O. 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lesley Green
- Environmental Humanities South and Department of Anthropology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Maghsodian Z, Sanati AM, Mashifana T, Sillanpää M, Feng S, Nhat T, Ramavandi B. Occurrence and Distribution of Antibiotics in the Water, Sediment, and Biota of Freshwater and Marine Environments: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111461. [PMID: 36358116 PMCID: PMC9686498 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics, as pollutants of emerging concern, can enter marine environments, rivers, and lakes and endanger ecology and human health. The purpose of this study was to review the studies conducted on the presence of antibiotics in water, sediments, and organisms in aquatic environments (i.e., seas, rivers, and lakes). Most of the reviewed studies were conducted in 2018 (15%) and 2014 (11%). Antibiotics were reported in aqueous media at a concentration of <1 ng/L−100 μg/L. The results showed that the highest number of works were conducted in the Asian continent (seas: 74%, rivers: 78%, lakes: 87%, living organisms: 100%). The highest concentration of antibiotics in water and sea sediments, with a frequency of 49%, was related to fluoroquinolones. According to the results, the highest amounts of antibiotics in water and sediment were reported as 460 ng/L and 406 ng/g, respectively. In rivers, sulfonamides had the highest abundance (30%). Fluoroquinolones (with an abundance of 34%) had the highest concentration in lakes. Moreover, the highest concentration of fluoroquinolones in living organisms was reported at 68,000 ng/g, with a frequency of 39%. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones are among the most dangerous antibiotics due to their high concentrations in the environment. This review provides timely information regarding the presence of antibiotics in different aquatic environments, which can be helpful for estimating ecological risks, contamination levels, and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Maghsodian
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sanati
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran
| | - Tebogo Mashifana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co., Ltd., NO. 588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Pinghu 314213, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (B.R.)
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co., Ltd., NO. 588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Pinghu 314213, China
| | - Tan Nhat
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (B.R.)
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Spurgeon D, Wilkinson H, Civil W, Hutt L, Armenise E, Kieboom N, Sims K, Besien T. Worst-case ranking of organic chemicals detected in groundwaters and surface waters in England. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155101. [PMID: 35461935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Environment Agency has been using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Accurate-mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF) / Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) target screen analysis to semi-quantitatively measure organic substances in groundwater and surface water since 2009 for GC-MS and 2014 for LC-MS. Here we use this data to generate a worst-case "risk" ranking of the detected substances. Three sets of hazard values relating to effects on aquatic organisms, namely Water Framework Directive EQSs, NORMAN Network PNECs (hereafter NORMAN PNEC) and chronic Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) HC50s from Posthuma et al., (2019) were used for the assessment. These hazard values were compared to the highest measured concentration for each chemical to generate a worst-case hazard quotient (HQ). Calculated HQs for each metric were ranked, averaged and multiplied by rank for detection frequency to generate an overall ordering based on HQ and occurrence. This worst-case approach was then used to generate ranking lists for GC-MS and LC-MS detected substances in groundwater and surface water. Pesticides in the top 30 overall ranked list included more legacy pesticides in groundwater and more current use actives in surface water. Specific uses were linked to some high rankings (e.g. rotenone for invasive species control). A number of industrial and plastics associated chemicals were ranked highly in the groundwater dataset, while more personal care products and pharmaceuticals were highly ranked in surface waters. Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) compounds were commonly highly ranked in both environmental compartments. The approach confirmed high rankings for some substance (e.g. selected pesticides) from previous prioritization exercises, but also identified novel substance for consideration (e.g. some PFAS compounds and pharmaceuticals). Overall our approach provided a simple approach using readily accessible data to identify substances for further and more detailed assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Helen Wilkinson
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, Starcross Laboratory, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Devon EX6 8FD, UK.
| | - Lorraine Hutt
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Elena Armenise
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK; Environment Agency, Starcross Laboratory, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Devon EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Natalie Kieboom
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Kerry Sims
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Tim Besien
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK.
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21
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The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12227. [PMID: 35851096 PMCID: PMC9293921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Particular attention is devoted to pharmaceutical residues in sewage sludge caused by their potential ecotoxicological effects. Diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, β-estradiol, were analysed in four types of fertilizers, based on sewage sludge commercial products, in compliance with Polish requirements. The release of active pharmaceutical compounds from fertilizers to water the phase after 24 h and 27 days was analysed. Solid-water partition coefficients (Kd) and partitioning coefficient values normalized on organic carbon content (log KOC) were evaluated. The environmental risk to terrestrial ecosystems, due to the application of fertilizers onto soils, was estimated. Cumulative mass of pharmaceuticals emitted to water from fertilizers ranged from 0.4 to 30.8 µg/kg after 24 h contact. The greatest amount of the material that was released, over 70%, was observed for carbamazepine. No presence of compounds except ibuprofen was observed after 27 days of testing. The highest environmental risk in fertilizers is due to carbamazepine, risk quotation, RQ = 0.93 and diclofenac RQ = 0.17. The values of risk quotation estimated for soil were below RQ = 0.01. This fact means that no risk to terrestrial ecosystems is expected to occur. The important decrease of the concentrations of active compounds after passing from sewage sludge to fertilizers [and] to fertilized soil could be observed.
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22
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Spurgeon D, Wilkinson H, Civil W, Hutt L, Armenise E, Kieboom N, Sims K, Besien T. Proportional contributions to organic chemical mixture effects in groundwater and surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118641. [PMID: 35635919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semi-quantitative GC-MS and LC-MS measurements of organic chemicals in groundwater and surface waters were used to assess the overall magnitude and contribution of the most important substances to calculated mixture hazard. Here we use GC-MS and LC-MS measurements taken from two separate national monitoring programs for groundwater and surface water in England, in combination with chronic species sensitivity distribution (SSD) HC50 values published by Posthuma et al. (2019, Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 38, 905-917) to calculate individual substance hazard quotients and mixture effects using a concentration addition approach. The mixture analysis indicated that, as anticipated, there was an increased hazard from the presence of a cocktail of substances at sites compared to the hazard for any single chemical. The magnitude of the difference between the hazard attributed to the most important chemical and the overall mixture effect, however, was not large. Thus, the most toxic chemical contributed ≥ 20% of the calculated mixture effect in >99% of all measured groundwater and surface water samples. On the basis of this analysis, a 5 fold assessment factor placed on the risk identified for any single chemical would offer a high degree of in cases where implementation of a full mixture analysis was not possible. This finding is consistent with previous work that has assessed chemical mixture effects within field monitoring programs and as such provides essential underpinning for future policy and management decisions on how to effectively and proportionately manage mixture risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Helen Wilkinson
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, Starcross Laboratory, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Devon EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Lorraine Hutt
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Elena Armenise
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Natalie Kieboom
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Kerry Sims
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Tim Besien
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
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23
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Bourdonnais E, Colcanap D, Le Bris C, Brauge T, Midelet G. Occurrence of Indicator Genes of Antimicrobial Resistance Contamination in the English Channel and North Sea Sectors and Interactions With Environmental Variables. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:883081. [PMID: 35651498 PMCID: PMC9150721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.883081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a potential natural reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), subject to anthropogenic effluents (wastewater, industrial, and domestic), and known as a final receiving system. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance and geographical distribution of the three blaTEM , sul1, and intI1 genes, proposed as indicators of contamination to assess the state of antimicrobial resistance in environmental settings, added to the tetA gene and the microbial population (tuf gene) in the English Channel and North Sea areas. Bacterial DNA was extracted from 36 seawater samples. The abundance of these genes was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and was analyzed in association with environmental variables and geographical locations to determine potential correlations. The blaTEM and tetA genes were quantified in 0% and 2.8% of samples, respectively. The sul1 and intI1 genes were detected in 42% and 31% of samples, respectively, with an apparent co-occurrence in 19% of the samples confirmed by a correlation analysis. The absolute abundance of these genes was correlated with the microbial population, with results similar to the relative abundance. We showed that the sul1 and intI1 genes were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and turbidity, while the microbial population was correlated with pH, temperature and salinity in addition to dissolved oxygen and turbidity. The three tetA, sul1, and intI1 genes were quantified in the same sample with high abundances, and this sample was collected in the West Netherlands coast (WN) area. For the first time, we have shown the impact of anthropogenic inputs (rivers, man-made offshore structures, and maritime activities) and environmental variables on the occurrence of three indicators of environmental contamination by antimicrobial resistance in the North Sea and English Channel seawaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Bourdonnais
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.,Univ. du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, Unité Sous Contrat ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. de Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Darina Colcanap
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cédric Le Bris
- Univ. du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, Unité Sous Contrat ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. de Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. de Liège, Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Unité Bactériologie et Parasitologie des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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24
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Kondor AC, Molnár É, Jakab G, Vancsik A, Filep T, Szeberényi J, Szabó L, Maász G, Pirger Z, Weiperth A, Ferincz Á, Staszny Á, Dobosy P, Horváthné Kiss K, Hatvani IG, Szalai Z. Pharmaceuticals in water and sediment of small streams under the pressure of urbanization: Concentrations, interactions, and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152160. [PMID: 34864023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small streams are crucial but vulnerable elements of ecological networks. To better understand the occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in streams, this study focused on the occurrence, distribution, and environmental risk of 111 PhACs and 7 trace elements based on a total of 141 water and sediment samples from small streams located in the urbanizing region of Budapest, Hungary. Eighty-one PhACs were detected in the aqueous phase, whereas sixty-two compounds were detected in the sediment. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was the most frequently identified PhAC in water, and was found in 91.5% of all samples. However, the highest concentrations were measured for lamotrigine (344.8 μg·L-1) and caffeine (221.4 μg·L-1). Lidocaine was the most frequently occurring PhAC in sediment (73.8%), but the maximum concentrations were detected for CBZ (395.9 ng·g-1) and tiapride (187.7 ng·g-1). In both water and sediment, more PhACs were found downstream of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) than in the samples not affected by treated wastewater, even though no relationship was observed between the total amount of treated wastewater and the number of detected PhACs. The PhAC concentrations were also independent of the distance from the WWTP effluents. PhAC-polluted samples were detected upstream of the WWTPs, thereby suggesting the relevance of diffuse emissions in addition to WWTP outlets. The most frequently detected PhACs in the sediment were usually also present in the water samples collected at the same place and time. The varying concentrations of PhACs and the fluctuating water-sediment properties resulted in a lack of correlation between the general chemical properties and the concentrations of PhACs, which makes it difficult to predict PhAC contamination and risks in urbanized small streams. The environmental risk assessment indicated that diclofenac had the highest risk in the sampling area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary
| | - Éva Molnár
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany H-8237, Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary.
| | - Anna Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary
| | - Tibor Filep
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary
| | - József Szeberényi
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany H-8237, Hungary; Soós Ernő Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi Miklós Str. 18, Nagykanizsa H-8800, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany H-8237, Hungary
| | - András Weiperth
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary
| | - Ádám Staszny
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest H-1113, Hungary
| | | | - István Gábor Hatvani
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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25
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Krupka M, Michalczyk DJ, Žaltauskaitė J, Sujetovienė G, Głowacka K, Grajek H, Wierzbicka M, Piotrowicz-Cieślak AI. Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Common Duckweed Lemna minor after the Exposure to Tetracycline and the Recovery from This Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226765. [PMID: 34833856 PMCID: PMC8625026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability of Lemna minor L. to recover to normal growth, after being degraded in a tetracycline-containing medium, was extensively investigated. The plants were exposed to tetracycline (TC) at concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 10 mM. Subsequently, their physiological status was analysed against the following criteria: rate of plant growth; free radical accumulation; antioxidant enzyme activity; chlorophyll content; HSP70 protein content; cell membrane permeability, and mitochondrial activity. The study showed that duckweed can considerably recover from the damage caused by antibiotics, within a week of cessation of stress. Of the plant properties analysed, mitochondrial activity was the most sensitive to antibiotic-induced disturbances. After transferring the plants to a tetracycline-free medium, all plant parameters improved significantly, except for the mitochondrial activity in the plants grown on the medium containing the highest dose of tetracycline. In the plants treated with this antibiotic at the concentration of 10 mM, the proportion of dead mitochondria increased and was as high as 93% after one week from the beginning of the recovery phase, even after the transfer to the tetracycline-free medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krupka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (D.J.M.); (K.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Dariusz J. Michalczyk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (D.J.M.); (K.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, 46265 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.Ž.); (G.S.)
| | - Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, 46265 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.Ž.); (G.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (D.J.M.); (K.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Hanna Grajek
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 4, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marta Wierzbicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (D.J.M.); (K.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (D.J.M.); (K.G.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Sumpter JP, Runnalls TJ, Donnachie RL, Owen SF. A comprehensive aquatic risk assessment of the beta-blocker propranolol, based on the results of over 600 research papers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148617. [PMID: 34182447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive aquatic environmental risk assessment (ERA) of the human pharmaceutical propranolol was conducted, based on all available scientific literature. Over 200 papers provided information on environmental concentrations (77 of which provided river concentrations) and 98 dealt with potential environmental effects. The median concentration of propranolol in rivers was 7.1 ng/L (range of median values of individual studies 0.07 to 89 ng/L), and the highest individual value was 590 ng/L. Sixty-eight EC50 values for 35 species were available. The lowest EC50 value was 0.084 mg/L. A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) provided an HC50 value of 6.64 mg/L and an HC5 value of 0.22 mg/L. Thus, there was a difference of nearly 6 orders of magnitude between the median river concentration and the HC50 value, and over 4 orders of magnitude between the median river concentration and the HC5 value. Even if an assessment factor of 100 was applied to the HC5 value, to provide considerable protection to all species, the safety margin is over 100-fold. However, nearly half of all papers reporting effects of propranolol did not provide an EC50 value. Some reported that very low concentrations of propranolol caused effects. The lowest concentration reported to cause an effect - in fact, a range of biochemical and physiological effects on mussels - was 0.3 ng/L. In none of these 'low concentration' papers was a sigmoidal concentration-response relationship obtained. Although inclusion of data from these papers in the ERA cause a change in the conclusion reached, we are sceptical of the repeatability of these 'low concentration' results. We conclude that concentrations of propranolol present currently in rivers throughout the world do not constitute a risk to aquatic organisms. We discuss the need to improve the quality of ecotoxicology research so that more robust ERAs acceptable to all stakeholders can be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sumpter
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Tamsin J Runnalls
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Donnachie
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Now at Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2A2, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
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27
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Chen S, Gan Z, Li Z, Li Y, Ma X, Chen M, Qu B, Ding S, Su S. Occurrence and risk assessment of anthelmintics in Tuojiang River in Sichuan, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112360. [PMID: 34058680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emerging pollutants, such as anthelmintics have attracted an increasing attention worldwide due to their extensive use and notable stability. However, the information on anthelmintics in the environment of southwest China is scarce. Thus, the occurrence, ecological risk and exposure evaluation of nineteen anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, which is one of the largest tributaries of Yangtze River, and drinking water source of Sichuan, southwest China, were investigated. The result showed that the detection frequency of anthelmintics was relatively high in Tuojiang River, ranging from 65% to 100% in river water. Among the seven kinds of anthelmintics, benzimidazoles are the primary anthelmintics, with concentrations up to 61.12 ng/L and 596.06 ng/g in water and sediment of the Tuojiang river, respectively. The total concentration of 19 anthelmintics in sediment samples from non-agricultural area was higher than that in agricultural area(p = 0.000 < 0.05). This could be attributed to anthropogenic activities, which lead to greater discharge and accumulation of anthelmintics in residential area along the river. It's worth to mention that the highest total concentrations of anthelmintics (109.28 ng/L) was found at the junction of rivers in R31 site. The results could be ascribed to the complexity of junction of Tuojiang River and Yangtze River, which could influence the distribution of pollutant. Besides, the ecological risk assessment showed that the macrocyclic lactones rather than benzimidazoles had relatively high toxicity to non-target organisms in aquatic environment (p = 0.000 < 0.05), with the highest RQEcotox value of 101 for Daphnia magna, while benzimidazoles had relatively high concentrations. The exposure risk could be ignored for both children and adults because the daily intake of anthelmintics via water ingestion were below 10 ng/kg/d. In addition, strong correlations were found between sucralose and most of the selected anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, indicating that sucralose might be a good tracer to evaluated the source of anthelmintics in surface water. This study provides the levels, risks and even some tracer information of pollutants for better understanding of anthelmintics in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Feng M, Chen J, Shen W, Zhang S. Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes and their correlations in river-type drinking water source, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42339-42352. [PMID: 33813699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural water has attracted worldwide attention. Antibiotic and ARG pollution in the surface water of drinking water sources might directly/indirectly affect human health. In this study, the distribution of 38 antibiotics, 10 ARGs, 2 integrons, and 16S r DNA in river-type water sources in a large city of China were monitored in winter, which was a period with high level of antibiotic pollution. The results showed that 20 antibiotics were detected with different detection frequencies. The antibiotic pollution in December 2019 was relatively high, with the total concentrations of antibiotics ranging from 281.95 to 472.42 ng/L, followed by that in January 2020 (191.70-337.29 ng/L) and November 2019 (161.25-309.72 ng/L). Sulfacetamide was dominant in November 2019 (23.52-219.00 ng/L) and in January 2020 (113.18-209 ng/L), while norfloxacin in December 2019 (146.72-290.20 ng/L). All the target antibiotics posed low or medium risk for aquatic organisms, and posed low health risk for mankind. Sul1 and erm36 were the predominant ARGs, and intI1 was the predominant integron in drinking water sources. Only tetA showed positive correlations with its corresponding antibiotic (tetracycline). The rest of ARGs showed no correlations with antibiotics or positive / negative correlations with their non-corresponding antibiotics. Overall, the antibiotics and ARG pollution in these water sources was relatively low. These findings provided some reference data for the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in river-type drinking water sources of large cities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengjuan Feng
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weitao Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Guo W, Li J, Liu Q, Shi J, Gao Y. Tracking the fate of artificial sweeteners within the coastal waters of Shenzhen city, China: From wastewater treatment plants to sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125498. [PMID: 33667807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs), as a new emerging pollutant, the fate from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to sea is growing concerned. In this study, the distribution and polluted loading of six typical ASs were analyzed based on the measurement in influent, primary effluent, secondary effluent, tertiary effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge from four WWTPs and receiving waters near the coast of Shenzhen city, China. Elevated levels of ASs were detected in WWTPs located near a highly populated area (about 14,000 people km-2). Sucralose was predominant in all water samples (0.1-22.2 μg L-1), and had a 1.6-704.0 times higher concentration than the means of other ASs detected. Aspartame were mainly distributed in SPM and sludge, and the fractions in offshore water exceeded 45%. Acesulfame, sucralose, cyclamate and saccharin could be effectively removed by secondary biochemical treatment. The average daily loading (4.2 g d-1 1000people-1) and discharge loading (0.4 g d-1 1000people-1) of sucralose in WWTPs was higher than those of the other ASs. Dissolved organic carbon and UV254 can affect the fate of ASs, and SPM mainly affects the distributions of aspartame and neotame. As a potential sewage indicator, neotame deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jun Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
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30
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Cardoso-Vera JD, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Islas-Flores H, Mejía-García A, Ortega-Olvera JM, Gómez-Oliván LM. A review of antiepileptic drugs: Part 1 occurrence, fate in aquatic environments and removal during different treatment technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:145487. [PMID: 33736324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main treatment for people with epilepsy. However, in recent years, more and more people are using them for other indications such as: migraine, chronic neuropathic pain, and mood disorders. Consequently, the prescriptions and consumption of these drugs are increasing worldwide. In WWTPs, AEDs can resist degradation processes, such as photodegradation, chemical degradation and/or biodegradation. Until now, only constructed wetlands and photocatalysis have shown good removal rates of AEDs from wastewater. However, their effectiveness depends on the specific conditions used during the treatment. Since the consumption of AEDs has increased in the last decade and their degradation in WWTPs is poor, these drugs have been largely introduced into the environment through the discharge of municipal and/or hospital effluents. Once in the environment, AEDs are distributed in the water phase, as suspended particles or in the sediments, suggesting that these drugs have a high potential for groundwater contamination. In this first part of the AEDs review is designed to fill out the current knowledge gap about the occurrence, fate and removal of these drugs in the aquatic environment. This is a review that emphasizes the characteristics of AEDs as emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mejía-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Mario Ortega-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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31
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Li Z, Yu X, Yu F, Huang X. Occurrence, sources and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and artificial sweeteners in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20903-20920. [PMID: 33666841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is considered as the main source for supplying the public drinking water in many countries and regions; however, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) found in groundwater can exert harmful effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems, and therefore, they are of persistent concern. The recent data on the occurrence of a series of PPCPs (including antibiotics, excitants and lipid regulators) and ASs often detected in groundwater are reviewed, in which the PPCPs and ASs occur in groundwater at the concentration from several nanograms to several micrograms per litre. In addition, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PPCPs and ASs are discussed and the main sources and possibly pollution pathways of PPCPs and ASs in groundwater are summarised and analysed. Additionally, the adsorption, migration and degradation of PPCPs and ASs in underground environments are evaluated. Due to the long residence time in groundwater, pollutants are likely to threaten the freshwater body for decades under certain conditions. Therefore, according to the current level of pollution, it is necessary to improve and enhance the supervision on PPCP and AS pollutants and prevent and control groundwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Furong Yu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
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32
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Magnetite-Based Catalyst in the Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Different Aqueous Matrices Spiked with Naproxen–Diclofenac Mixture. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetite supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment. The magnetic catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 physisorption. The catalysts were then tested for their ability to remove diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NAP) from an aqueous solution at different conditions (pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide) to determine the optimum conditions for chemical oxidation. The optimization of the process parameters was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box–Behnken design (BBD). By RSM–BBD methodology, the optimal parameters (1.75 mM H2O2 dosage, 70 °C and pH 6.5) were determined, and the removal percentages of NAP and DCF were 19 and 54%, respectively. The NAP–DCF degradation by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) was caused by •OH radicals. In CWPO of mixed drug solutions, DCF and NAP showed competitive oxidation. Hydrophobic interactions played an important role during the CWPO process. On the other hand, the magnetic catalyst reduced its activity after the second cycle of reuse. In addition, proof of concept and disinfection tests performed at the operating conditions showed results following the complexity of the water matrices. In this sense, the magnetic catalyst in CWPO has adequate potential to treat water contaminated with NAP–DCF mixtures.
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33
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Gallego-Ríos SE, Peñuela GA. Evaluation of ibuprofen and diclofenac in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:210. [PMID: 33755811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is one of the first studies carried out over three climatic seasons on the determination of ibuprofen and diclofenac, in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Determination of water concentrations was carried out using SPE extraction, while for the analysis of the muscular tissue, the extraction was carried out by QuEChERS. For both matrices, quantification was done by UHPLC-MS/MS. No levels of ibuprofen or diclofenac concentrations were found in the muscle tissue of Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, in any season or sampling site, during the 2 years of sampling. In some sampling sites, concentrations of up to 75 µg/L of diclofenac were detected, corresponding to the sampling carried out in the dry season, being the highest reported so far in surface waters, possibly generated by large concentrations of population or agricultural activities. On the other hand, for ibuprofen, no concentrations above the limit of quantification (0.50 µg/L) were found in the waters of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, for any season and sampling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego-Ríos
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
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García-Galán MJ, Matamoros V, Uggetti E, Díez-Montero R, García J. Removal and environmental risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern from irrigation waters in a semi-closed microalgae photobioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110278. [PMID: 33038365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficiency of a semi-closed, tubular, horizontal photobioreactor (PBR) to treat a mixture of irrigation and rural drainage water, focusing in the removal of different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and evaluating the environmental impact of the resulting effluent. Target CECs included pharmaceuticals, personal care products and flame retardants. Of the 13 compounds evaluated, 11 were detected in the feed water entering the PBR, and diclofenac (DCF) (1107 ng L-1) and N,N-diethyl-toluamide (DEET) (699 ng L-1) were those present at the greatest concentrations. The best removal efficiencies were achieved for the pharmaceuticals diazepam (94%), lorazepam (LZP) (83%) and oxazepam (OXA) (71%), and also for ibuprofen (IBU) (70%). For the rest of the CECs evaluated, attenuation was similar to that obtained after conventional wastewater treatment, ranging from basically no elimination (carbamazepine (CBZ) and tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)) to medium efficiencies (DCF and tributyl phosphate (TBP) (50%)). Environmental risk assessment based on hazard quotients (HQs) resulted in HQ values < 0.1 (no risk associated) for most of the compounds and most of the trophic levels considered. Values between 1 and 10 (moderate risk) were obtained for tonalide (AHTN) (fish) and CBZ (invertebrates). The most sensitive trophic level was green algae, whereas fish and aquatic plants were the most resilient. Our results suggest that microalgae-based treatments could become a green, cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment regarding the efficient elimination of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Group of Environmental Pollution and Agriculture, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Díez-Montero
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Kiszkiel-Taudul I. Determination of antihistaminic pharmaceuticals in surface water samples by SPE-LC-MS/MS method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Perkins R, Whitehead M, Civil W, Goulson D. Potential role of veterinary flea products in widespread pesticide contamination of English rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143560. [PMID: 33199013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the environmental fate or impact of pesticides used to control companion animal parasites. Using data from the Environment Agency, we examined the occurrence of fipronil, fipronil metabolites and imidacloprid in 20 English rivers from 2016 to 2018, as indicators of the potential contamination of waterways from their use as ectoparasiticides on pets. Water samples were collected by the Environment Agency as part of their chemical surveillance programme and analysed using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry / Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS) methods. A total of 3861 chemical analyses were examined, and the significance and potential sources of this contamination were assessed. Fipronil, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide (collectively known as fiproles) and imidacloprid were detected in 98.6%, 96.5%, 68.7% and 65.9% of samples, respectively. Across the river sites sampled, the mean concentrations of fipronil (17 ng/l, range <0.3-980 ng/l), and fipronil sulfone (6.5 ng/l, range <0.2-39 ng/l) were 5.3 and 38.1 times their chronic toxicity limits of 3.2 and 0.17 ng/l, respectively. Imidacloprid had a mean concentration of 31.7 ng/l (range <1-360 ng/l), which was below its chronic toxicity limit of 35 ng/l, however seven out of 20 sites exceeded that limit. Chronic risk quotients indicate a high environmental risk to aquatic ecosystems from fiproles, and a moderate risk from imidacloprid. Sites immediately downstream of wastewater treatment works had the highest levels of fipronil and imidacloprid, supporting the hypothesis that potentially significant quantities of pesticides from veterinary flea products may be entering waterways via household drains. These findings suggest the need for a reevaluation of the environmental risks associated with the use of companion animal parasiticide products, and the risk assessments that these products undergo prior to regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Perkins
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Whitehead
- Chipping Norton Veterinary Hospital, Banbury Road, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire OX7 5SY, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, National Laboratory Service, National Monitoring Services Starcross Laboratory, Exeter EX6 8FD, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Goulson
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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37
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Richardson AK, Chadha M, Rapp-Wright H, Mills GA, Fones GR, Gravell A, Stürzenbaum S, Cowan DA, Neep DJ, Barron LP. Rapid direct analysis of river water and machine learning assisted suspect screening of emerging contaminants in passive sampler extracts. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:595-606. [PMID: 33427827 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel and rapid approach to characterise the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in river water is presented using multi-residue targeted analysis and machine learning-assisted in silico suspect screening of passive sampler extracts. Passive samplers (Chemcatcher®) configured with hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) sorbents were deployed in the Central London region of the tidal River Thames (UK) catchment in winter and summer campaigns in 2018 and 2019. Extracts were analysed by; (a) a rapid 5.5 min direct injection targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for 164 CECs and (b) a full-scan LC coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) method using data-independent acquisition over 15 min. From targeted analysis of grab water samples, a total of 33 pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, drug metabolites, personal care products and pesticides (including several EU Watch-List chemicals) were identified, and mean concentrations determined at 40 ± 37 ng L-1. For targeted analysis of passive sampler extracts, 65 unique compounds were detected with differences observed between summer and winter campaigns. For suspect screening, 59 additional compounds were shortlisted based on mass spectral database matching, followed by machine learning-assisted retention time prediction. Many of these included additional pharmaceuticals and pesticides, but also new metabolites and industrial chemicals. The novelty in this approach lies in the convenience of using passive samplers together with machine learning-assisted chemical analysis methods for rapid, time-integrated catchment monitoring of CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Richardson
- Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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38
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Zhu F, Wang S, Liu Y, Wu M, Wang H, Xu G. Antibiotics in the surface water of Shanghai, China: screening, distribution, and indicator selecting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9836-9848. [PMID: 33156500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread existence of antibiotics has caused inevitable influence on ecology and humans. In this study, we screened the most commonly used antibiotics, and 64 antibiotics were detected in Shanghai, an international metropolis. Most of the target substances were detected in all 46 water samples including main rivers and districts in Shanghai, with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 502.43 ng L-1. In particular, sulfadiazine (502.43 ng L-1) had the highest maximum concentration. Besides, risk quotients based on fish suggested that sulfonamides had a medium risk (0.12) in Shanghai. Correlation studies had shown that most compounds with frequencies exceeding 60% were significantly positively correlated with the total concentration. Based on further analysis, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfapyridine were screened as indicators to reflect the pollution status of antibiotics in Shanghai for a long time. The screening conditions for these indicators include detection rate (> 60%), maximum concentration (> 100 ng L-1), RQ (> 0.01), and correlation (> 0). In addition, population density may be the main factor for antibiotic pollution through regional comparison. In a word, this work can systematically reflect the overall situation of Shanghai antibiotics and provide support for global data comparison in the future. Meanwhile, we provided the potential indicators that can be applied in the long term and economical monitoring of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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39
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Richards LA, Kumari R, White D, Parashar N, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Kumar S, Chakravorty B, Lu C, Civil W, Lapworth DJ, Krause S, Polya DA, Gooddy DC. Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater under a rapidly developing city (Patna) in northern India dominated by high concentrations of lifestyle chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115765. [PMID: 33038633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution from emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) is of key environmental importance in India and globally, particularly due to concerns of antimicrobial resistance, ecotoxicity and drinking water supply vulnerability. Here, using a broad screening approach, we characterize the composition and distribution of EOCs in groundwater in the Gangetic Plain around Patna (Bihar), as an exemplar of a rapidly developing urban area in northern India. A total of 73 EOCs were detected in 51 samples, typically at ng.L-1 to low μg.L-1 concentrations, relating to medical and veterinary, agrochemical, industrial and lifestyle usage. Concentrations were often dominated by the lifestyle chemical and artificial sweetener sucralose. Seventeen identified EOCs are flagged as priority compounds by the European Commission, World Health Organisation and/or World Organisation for Animal Health: namely, herbicides diuron and atrazine; insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and acetamiprid; the surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (and related perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluoropentane sulfonate); and medical/veterinary compounds sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide, dapson, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine and diclofenac. The spatial distribution of EOCs varies widely, with concentrations declining with depth, consistent with a strong dominant vertical flow control. Groundwater EOC concentrations in Patna were found to peak within ∼10 km distance from the River Ganges, indicating mainly urban inputs with some local pollution hotspots. A heterogeneous relationship between EOCs and population density likely reflects confounding factors including varying input types and controls (e.g. spatial, temporal), wastewater treatment infrastructure and groundwater abstraction. Strong seasonal agreement in EOC concentrations was observed. Co-existence of limited transformation products with associated parent compounds indicate active microbial degradation processes. This study characterizes key controls on the distribution of groundwater EOCs across the urban to rural transition near Patna, as a rapidly developing Indian city, and contributes to the wider understanding of the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to surface-derived contamination in similar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Rupa Kumari
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Debbie White
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Neha Parashar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India; Now at Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801106, Bihar, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Phulwarisharif, Patna, 801505, Bihar, India
| | - Sumant Kumar
- Groundwater Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Chuanhe Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, National Laboratory Service, Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daren C Gooddy
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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McNeice P, Reid A, Imam HT, McDonagh C, Walby JD, Collins TJ, Marr AC, Marr PC. Designing Materials for Aqueous Catalysis: Ionic Liquid Gel and Silica Sphere Entrapped Iron-TAML Catalysts for Oxidative Degradation of Dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14026-14035. [PMID: 33103422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials have been developed that encapsulate a homogeneous catalyst and enable it to operate as a heterogeneous catalyst in water. A hydrophobic ionic liquid within the material was used to dissolve Fe-TAML and keep it from leaching into the aqueous phase. One-pot processes were used to entrap Fe-TAML in basic ionic liquid gels, and ionic liquid gel spheres structured via a modified Stöber synthesis forming SiO2 particles of uniform size. Catalytic activity was demonstrated via the oxidative degradation of dyes. Fe-TAML entrapped in a basic ionic liquid gel exhibited consistent activity in five recycles. This discovery of heterogenized H2O2 activators prepared by sol-gel and Stöber processes opens new possibilities for the creation of engineered catalytic materials for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McNeice
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Reid
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan T Imam
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Carol McDonagh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Joel D Walby
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Terrence J Collins
- Institute for Green Science, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew C Marr
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia C Marr
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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41
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McKenzie T, Holloway C, Dulai H, Tucker JP, Sugimoto R, Nakajima T, Harada K, Santos IR. Submarine groundwater discharge: A previously undocumented source of contaminants of emerging concern to the coastal ocean (Sydney, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111519. [PMID: 32781267 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is rarely considered as a pathway for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Here, we investigated SGD as a source of CECs in Sydney Harbour, Australia. CEC detection frequencies based on presence/absence of a specific compound were >90% for caffeine, carbamazepine, and dioxins, and overall ranged from 25 to 100% in five studied embayments. SGD rates estimated from radium isotopes explained >80% of observed CEC inventories for one or more compounds (caffeine, carbamazepine, dioxins, sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones and ibuprofen) in four out of the five embayments. Radium-derived residence times imply mixing is also an important process for driving coastal inventories of these persistent chemicals. Two compounds (ibuprofen and dioxins) were in concentrations deemed a high risk to the ecosystem. Overall, we demonstrate that SGD can act as a vector for CECs negatively impacting coastal water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan McKenzie
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Ceylena Holloway
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science, and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henrietta Dulai
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - James P Tucker
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science, and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toshimi Nakajima
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science, and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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42
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Aryal N, Wood J, Rijal I, Deng D, Jha MK, Ofori-Boadu A. Fate of environmental pollutants: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1587-1594. [PMID: 32671926 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature published in 2019 on topics associated with the fate of environmental pollutants is presented. Environmental pollutants covered include pharmaceuticals, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, pesticides and veterinary medicines, personal care products and emerging pollutants, PFAS, microplastics, nanomaterials, heavy metals and radionuclides, nutrients, pathogens and indicator organisms, and oil and hydrocarbons. For each pollutant, the occurrence in the environment and/or their fate in engineered as well as natural systems in matrices including water, soil, wastewater, stormwater, runoff, and/or manure is presented based on the published literature. The review includes current developments in understanding pollutants in natural and engineered systems, and relevant physico-chemical processes, as well as biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroj Aryal
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Jonae Wood
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Ishara Rijal
- Agricultural Research Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Dongyang Deng
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Manoj K Jha
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Ofori-Boadu
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
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43
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Snow DD, Cassada DA, Biswas S, Malakar A, D'Alessio M, Marshall AHL, Sallach JB. Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments (2020). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1741-1750. [PMID: 32762100 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review of 79 papers published in 2019 is presented. The topics ranged from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to ecological effects and sampling techniques for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and engineered nanomaterials in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Antibiotics in Agroecosystems, Pharmaceutical Fate and Occurrence, Anthelmintics and Engineered Nanomaterials. PRACTITIONER POINTS: New research describes innovative new techniques for emerging contaminant detection in agricultural settings Newer classes of contaminants include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals Research in nanomaterials show that these also occur in agricultural environments and will likely be topics of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Snow
- Nebraska Water Center and Water Sciences Laboratory, Part of the Robert B. Daugherty for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, 1840 N 37th Street, Lincoln, United States, 68583-0844, USA
| | - David A Cassada
- Nebraska Water Center and Water Sciences Laboratory, Part of the Robert B. Daugherty for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, 1840 N 37th Street, Lincoln, United States, 68583-0844, USA
| | - Saptashati Biswas
- Nebraska Water Center and Water Sciences Laboratory, Part of the Robert B. Daugherty for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, 1840 N 37th Street, Lincoln, United States, 68583-0844, USA
| | - Arindam Malakar
- Nebraska Water Center and Water Sciences Laboratory, Part of the Robert B. Daugherty for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, 1840 N 37th Street, Lincoln, United States, 68583-0844, USA
| | - Matteo D'Alessio
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Kondor AC, Jakab G, Vancsik A, Filep T, Szeberényi J, Szabó L, Maász G, Ferincz Á, Dobosy P, Szalai Z. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the Danube and drinking water wells: Efficiency of riverbank filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114893. [PMID: 32544664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are becoming increasingly contaminated by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), which is a potential risk factor for drinking water quality owing to incomplete riverbank filtration. This study examined the efficiency of riverbank filtration with regard to 111 PhACs in a highly urbanized section of the river Danube. One hundred seven samples from the Danube were compared to 90 water samples from relevant drinking water abstraction wells (DWAW) during five sampling periods. The presence of 52 PhACs was detected in the Danube, the quantification of 19 agents in this section of the river was without any precedent, and 10 PhACs were present in >80% of the samples. The most frequent PhACs showed higher concentrations in winter than in summer. In the DWAWs, 32 PhACs were quantified. For the majority of PhACs, the bank filtration efficiency was >95%, and not influenced by concentrations measured in the river. For carbamazepine lidocaine, tramadol, and lamotrigine, low (<50%) filtration efficiency was observed; however, no correlations were observed between the concentrations detected in the Danube and in the wells. These frequently occurring PhACs in surface waters have a relatively even distribution, and their sporadic appearance in wells is a function of both space and time, which may be caused by the constantly changing environment and micro-biological parameters, the dynamic operating schedule of abstraction wells, and the resulting sudden changes in flow rates. Due to the changes in the efficiency of riverbank filtration in space and time, predicting the occurrence and concentrations of these four PhACs poses a further challenge to ensuring a safe drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary.
| | - Anna Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Tibor Filep
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - József Szeberényi
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1., Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina út 29., Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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Wang R, Biles E, Li Y, Juergens MD, Bowes MJ, Jones KC, Zhang H. In Situ Catchment Scale Sampling of Emerging Contaminants Using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) and Traditional Grab Sampling: A Case Study of the River Thames, UK. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11155-11164. [PMID: 32797751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The in situ passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), confronts many of the challenges associated with current sampling methods used for emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic systems. This study compared DGT and grab sampling for their suitability to screen and monitor ECs at the catchment scale in the River Thames system (U.K.) and explored their sources and environmental fate. The ubiquitous presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals, parabens, and their metabolites is of concern. This study is the first to report organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the study area. TEP (summer 13-160 and winter 18-46, ng/L) and TCPP (summer 242-4282 and winter 215-854, ng/L) were the main OPEs. For chemicals which were relatively stable in the rivers, DGT and grab sampling were in good agreement. For chemicals which showed high variation in water bodies, DGT provided a better integral of loadings and exposure than grab sampling. DGT was not as sensitive as grab sampling under the procedures employed here, but there are several options to improve it to give comparable/better performance. DGT samples require shorter preparation time for analysis in the laboratory than grab samples. Overall, DGT can be a powerful tool to characterize ECs throughout a large dynamic water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Wang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Emma Biles
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Yanying Li
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | | | - Michael J Bowes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
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46
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Li Z, Li M, Zhang Z, Li P, Zang Y, Liu X. Antibiotics in aquatic environments of China: A review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110668. [PMID: 32438219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have adverse effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems in water environment, which is the main pool. In this study, antibiotics in the aquatic environment of China, containing both surface water and groundwater, were first systematically reviewed. That is essential for surface water and groundwater guideline and industry management. 128 articles were reviewed, containing 116 papers on surface water and 12 papers on groundwater. 94 antibiotics were detected at least once in the aquatic environment of China and most of the studies were in the eastern areas of China. The median concentrations of most antibiotics were below than 100 ng/L in the surface water and 10 ng/L in the groundwater. The concentrations of most antibiotics in China were similar or a little higher than in other countries. According to risk assessment, three antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and erythromycin) and three regions (Haihe River, Wangyang River and Taihu Lake) should be given more concerns. Strengthened policy and management are needed in these regions. In the future, more studies on groundwater and a priority list of antibiotics in the aquatic environment was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Yongge Zang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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47
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Joshua DI, Praveenkumarreddy Y, Prabhasankar VP, D'Souza AP, Yamashita N, Balakrishna K. First report of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in two tropical rivers of southwestern India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:529. [PMID: 32681316 PMCID: PMC7367900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, bezafibrate, ceftriaxone, and naproxen) in two west-flowing tropical rivers (Swarna and Nethravati) of southwestern India is reported for the first time. Water samples were collected during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons from river water end members and further downstream up to their confluence with the adjacent Arabian Sea. Samples were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Results revealed that there were no significant seasonal variations in concentrations of target analytes in both the rivers. Of the total number of samples analyzed (n = 24), trimethoprim was detected in 100% of the samples, whereas sulfamethoxazole (SMX), chloramphenicol (CAP), ceftriaxone (CTX), and naproxen (NPX) were detected in between 91 and 58% of the samples. Bezafibrate (BZF) was not detected in the samples. Nethravathi river showed higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals than the Swarna river which may be attributed to comparatively larger human population in the basin. Possible impacts of PPCPs on aquatic life offer further scope for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ian Joshua
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Yerabham Praveenkumarreddy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | - Andrea Petula D'Souza
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nobuyoshi Yamashita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Keshava Balakrishna
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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48
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Zheng Y, Lu GH, Shao PW, Piao HT, Gai N, Rao Z, Zhao QS, Yang YL. Source Tracking and Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Surface Waters of Qingdao, China, with Emphasis on Influence of Animal Farming in Rural Areas. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:579-588. [PMID: 32123946 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and potential sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters from a large coastal city Qingdao, North China, were investigated. Forty-five compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that 28 compounds of PPCPs were detected. The most frequently detected compounds were atrazine, clarithromycin, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A with the detection rates > 90%. Paracetamol showed the highest concentration up to 4400 ng/L (mean 152.5 ng/L), followed by ampicillin (max. 2980 ng/L) with the highest mean concentration (229.3 ng/L), iopromide (max. 1744 ng/L, mean 74.5 ng/L), atrazine (max. 1612 ng/L, mean 96.1 ng/L), and bisphenol A (max. 1384 ng/L, mean 78.3 ng/L). The contamination levels and composition profiles of PPCPs along the rivers flowing through rural and urban areas and in seawater showed large spatial variability. Typical source markers and principle component analysis were used to track and differentiate the potential PPCP sources. The emphases of the study were the influence of animal farming in rural areas on PPCP composition profiles and the ecological risk. The results indicated that PPCPs in Qingdao surface water mainly came from three potential sources, i.e., treated wastewater (effluents from WWTPs), untreated wastewater, and nonpoint sources in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Peng-Wei Shao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hai-Tao Piao
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring (CIGEM), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yong-Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geo-analysis (NRCGA), Beijing, 100037, China
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49
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Szymczycha B, Borecka M, Białk-Bielińska A, Siedlewicz G, Pazdro K. Submarine groundwater discharge as a source of pharmaceutical and caffeine residues in coastal ecosystem: Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136522. [PMID: 32019013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water environment is thought to be a potential problem for human health and aquatic organisms, the level of knowledge of their sources and presence in the marine ecosystem is still insufficient. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the emergence of sixteen pharmaceuticals and caffeine in groundwater, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), rivers and coastal seawater in the southern Baltic Sea. It has been recognized that chemical substances load associated with SGD can affect coastal ecosystems equally or even greater than surface runoff. Hence, the Bay of Puck, which is an active groundwater discharge area, has been chosen as a model study site to assess the preliminary risk of pharmaceutical and caffeine residues supply in coastal ecosystem. A special focus was placed on tracing the possible sources of pollution for groundwater and SGD based on the composition of collected samples. Five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, ketoprofen and diclofenac) and caffeine were detected in varying concentrations from below the detection limit to 1528.2 ng L-1. Caffeine and diclofenac were the most widespread compounds. Groundwater was mostly enriched in the analysed compounds and consequently SGD has been recognized as an important source of identified pharmaceutical and caffeine residues to the Bay of Puck. A predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) was determined in order to perform an environmental risk assessment of five pharmaceuticals and caffeine detected in water samples. Finally, future challenges and potential amendments in monitoring strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Marta Borecka
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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Pan C, Bao Y, Xu B. Seasonal variation of antibiotics in surface water of Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China and the occurrence in typical wastewater sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124816. [PMID: 31521940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 26 antibiotics from three groups of Sulfonamides, Quinolones and Macrolides were investigated in the surface water of Pudong New Area, Shanghai in March (dry season) and June (wet season). As a result, the detection rates of the three groups were 20%, 81% and 56% (n = 10) with the concentration range of not detected-9.73 ng L-1, 30-344 ng L-1, and 14-107 ng L-1, respectively. Comparably, during wet season, the detection rates were 20%, 56% and 25% with the range of ND-14 ng L-1, 32-92 ng L-1, and ND-22 ng L-1, respectively. This indicates higher concentrations in dry season than that in wet season, which was attributed to the water dilution and weaker self-purification of the river during dry season. In addition, significant correlations were observed between SMA and most of Quinolones during dry season, and Quinolones and Macrolides during wet season, due to the similar sources. Considering for the typical wastewater sources in the investigated area, Quinolones were identified to be the most significant group in the aquiculture water. Furthermore, pharmaceutical manufacturing factory (PMF) and sewage treatment plant (STP) should be the serious point source pollution as the concentration in their effluents could range from ng L-1 to mg L-1. The occurrence and fate of antibiotics in the aquatic system of Pudong New Area need to be paid more attention to prevent the potential risk for human beings in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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