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Li W, Chen J, Bie Q, Chen X, Huang Y, Zhang K, Qian S. Exploring organophosphate ester contamination and distribution in food: A meta-analysis. Food Chem 2024; 456:140035. [PMID: 38870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the food safety risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) by analyzing data from 23 studies with 14,915 data points. We found EDP contamination highest in cereals, dairy, and meats, and TEHP most prevalent in vegetables and fruits, with contamination levels reaching 4.54 ng/g and 1.46 ng/g, respectively. Food processing influences OPE contamination through complex and multifaceted, akin to a "double-edged sword.", as meta-analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed. Estimated Dietary Intakes (EDI) identified vegetables and cereals as primary OPE sources, contributing 33.3% and 23.8% of total intake, with EDI values of 44.74 ng/kg bw/day and 32.25 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. Current exposure levels are within U.S. EPA safety thresholds (HQ < < 1), but the heightened risk to infants and children necessitates revising safety standards and ongoing monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Junlong Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qianqian Bie
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Yukun Huang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shan Qian
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
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2
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Zhang L, Yang X, Low WV, Ma J, Yan C, Zhu Z, Lu L, Hou R. Fugacity- and biotransformation-based mechanistic insights into the trophic transfer of organophosphate flame retardants in a subtropical coastal food web from the Northern Beibu Gulf of China. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122043. [PMID: 38981351 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in marine ecosystems have attracted great attention in recent research, but our understanding of the trophic transfer mechanisms involved is limited. In this study, we investigated the trophodynamics of OPFRs and their metabolites in a subtropical coastal food web collected from the northern Beibu Gulf, China, and characterized their trophodynamics using fugacity- and biotransformation-based approaches. Eleven OPFRs and all seven metabolites were simultaneously quantified in the shellfish, crustacean, pelagic fish, and benthic fish samples, with total concentrations ranging from 164 to 4.11 × 104 and 4.56-4.28 × 103 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Significant biomagnification was observed only for tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP) and tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), while other compounds except for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) displayed biomagnification trends based on Monte Carlo simulations. Using a fugacity-based approach to normalize the accumulation of OPFRs in biota to their relative biological phase composition, storage lipid is the predominant biological phase for the mass distribution of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) and TPHP. The water content and structure protein are equally important for TCEP, whereas lipid and structure protein are the two most important phases for other OPFRs. The mass distribution of these OPFRs along with TLs can explain their trophodynamics in the food web. The organophosphate diesters (as OPFR metabolites) also displayed biomagnification trends based on bootstrapped estimation. The correlation analysis and Korganism-water results jointly suggested the metabolites accumulation in high-TL organisms was related to biotransformation processes. The metabolite-backtracked trophic magnification factors for tri-n‑butyl phosphate (TNBP) and TPHP were both greater than the values that accounted for only the parent compounds. This study highlights the incorporation of fugacity and biotransformation analysis to characterize the trophodynamic processes of OPFRs and other emerging pollutants in food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development & Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development & Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Wee Vian Low
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development & Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China; Ocean Colleage, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zuhao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development & Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development & Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
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3
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Kiruthika K, Suganthi A, Johnson Thangaraj Edward YS, Anandham R, Renukadevi P, Murugan M, Bimal Kumar Sahoo, Mohammad Ikram, Kavitha PG, Jayakanthan M. Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Insecticide Residue Degradation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0. [PMID: 38819541 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are gaining global attention, especially due to their role as a probiotic. They are increasingly being used as a flavoring agent and food preservative. Besides their role in food processing, lactic acid bacteria also have a significant role in degrading insecticide residues in the environment. This review paper highlights the importance of lactic acid bacteria in degrading insecticide residues of various types, such as organochlorines, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and diamides. The paper discusses the mechanisms employed by lactic acid bacteria to degrade these insecticides, as well as their potential applications in bioremediation. The key enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria, such as phosphatase and esterase, play a vital role in breaking down insecticide molecules. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions in this field. However, more research is needed to optimize the utilization of lactic acid bacteria in insecticide residue degradation and to develop practical strategies for their implementation in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kiruthika
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Suganthi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - R Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Renukadevi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bimal Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ikram
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P G Kavitha
- Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Jayakanthan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Lian M, Wang J, Wang Z, Lin C, Gu X, He M, Liu X, Ouyang W. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of organophosphate esters in the marine biota web of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134035. [PMID: 38490147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The trophodynamic of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has not been known well despite their widespread occurrence in the aquatic environments. In this study, ten species of crustacean, seven species of mollusk, and 22 species of fish were collected in the Laizhou Bay (LZB) to examine the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer, and health risk of eight traditional OPEs and three emerging oligomeric OPEs. The results showed that total concentration of OPEs was 2.04 to 28.6 ng g-1 ww in the muscle of crustacean, mollusk, and fish and 2.62 to 60.6 ng g-1 ww in the fish gill. Chlorinated OPEs averagely contributed to over 85% of total OPEs while oligomeric OPEs averagely accounted for approximate 4%. The average log apparent bioaccumulation factor (ABAF) ranged from - 0.4 L kg-1 ww for triethyl phosphate to 2.4 L kg-1 ww for resorcinol-bis (diphenyl) phosphate. Apparent trophic magnification factors (ATMF) of individual OPE were generally less than 1, demonstrating the biodilution effect of the OPEs in the organism web of LZB. Additionally, the log ABAF and ATMF of OPEs were significantly positively correlated to their log Kow but negatively correlated to their biotransformation rate constant (BRC). Therefore, the OPEs with high Kow and low BRC tend to more accumulate in the marine organisms. The health risks associated with OPEs through the consumption of the seafood from the bay were low, even at high exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshan Lian
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zongxing Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiang Gu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Qin H, Bu D, Zhang Z, Han G, Huang K, Liu C. Organophosphorus flame retardants in fish from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River: Tissue distribution, age-dependent accumulation and ecological risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141663. [PMID: 38479684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Two fish species from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China, were sampled to investigate the occurrence, tissue distribution, age-dependent accumulation and ecological risk assessment of 24 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs). Seventeen OPFRs were detected in tissue samples with a total concentration ranging from not detected (ND) to 1092 ng g-1 dw. Cl-OPFRs were predominant in all tissues (mean: 145 ng g-1 dw, median: 72.9 ng g-1 dw) and the concentrations of OPFRs in brain were the greatest (crucian carp: 525 ng g-1 dw, silver carp: 56.0 ng g-1 dw) compared with the other three organs (e.g., liver, muscle and gonad). Furthermore, the total concentrations of OPFRs in crucian carp tissues were significantly greater than those in silver carp (P < 0.01). Age-dependent accumulation of OPFRs was observed in the two fish species, but the accumulation profiles in the two fish species were different. Ecological risk assessment demonstrated that both fish species were at medium to high risk, and TDCIPP was a main contributor (>50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dianping Bu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guixin Han
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Zhang L, Yan C, Ma J, Hou R, Lu L. Organophosphate esters in edible marine fish: Tissue-specific distribution, species-specific bioaccumulation, and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123560. [PMID: 38355080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although growing evidences have proved the wide presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in marine environments, information on the tissue- and species-specific accumulation characteristics of these emerging pollutants in wild marine fish and the associated human exposure risks are currently lacking. Eleven OPEs were comprehensively investigated for their occurrence and tissue accumulation in 15 marine fish species and their living environment matrices (seawater and sediment) from the Beibu Gulf. The OPE concentrations were statistically higher in the liver (17.6-177 ng/g ww, mean 90.9 ± 52.1 ng/g ww) than those of muscle tissues (2.04-22.9 ng/g ww, mean 10.6 ± 5.6 ng/g ww). Tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP) was the most predominant OPE congeners in fish liver, and tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant OPEs in the muscle. The results suggested different OPE profiles occurred between the tissues. The median logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TPHP in the muscle and liver, and TCEP in muscle were higher than the regulatory benchmark value (BCF >3.7), indicating very strong bioaccumulation. Carnivorous benthic fish appear to potentially accumulate TPHP, while pelagic and omnivory fish tend to accumulate TCIPP and TCEP. Except for proteins and phospholipids, no significant relationships were found between OPE levels and other biological properties of the studied fish. The results implied that the species-specific accumulation of OPEs mainly attributed to habitat and feeding habit rather than the difference of biochemical composition among species. Metabolism may have a significant effect on the bioaccumulation of OPEs in marine fish. The dietary risks of OPEs for consumers in different age groups ranged from 2.02 × 10-4 to 3.01 × 10-3, indicating relatively low human exposure risks from fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
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Xie Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Xie Y, Sun B, Wu J, Wu Y. First determination of elevated levels of plastic additives in finless porpoises from the South China Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133389. [PMID: 38185083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Plastic additives, such as organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), are raising public concerns due to their widespread presence and potential health risks. Nonetheless, the occurrences and potential health risks of these additives in marine mammals remain limited. Here, we first investigated the accumulation patterns and potential risks of OPEs and metabolites of PAEs (mPAEs) in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises inhabiting the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2007-2020. The average hepatic concentrations of ∑15OPEs and ∑16mPAEs in the NSCS finless porpoises were 53.9 ± 40.7 and 98.6 ± 54.8 ng/g ww, respectively. The accumulation of mPAEs and OPEs in the finless porpoises is associated with the chemical structures of the compounds. ∑5halogenated-OPEs were the most dominant category (62.6%) of ∑15OPEs, followed by ∑6aryl-OPEs (25.9%) and ∑6nonhalogenated alkyl-OPEs (11.5%). The accumulation of mPAEs displayed a declining trend with increasing alkyl side chain length (C0-C10). Although the hepatic burden of mPAEs in finless porpoises was sex-independent, some OPEs, including TDCIPP, TBOEP, TCIPP, TCrP, TPHP, and TDBPP, exhibited significantly higher concentrations in adult males than in adult females. TDBPP, as a new-generation OPE, exhibited a gradual increase during the study period, suggesting that TDBPP should be prioritized for monitoring in the coastal regions of South China. The estimated hazard quotient indicated that almost all mPAEs and OPEs pose no hazard to finless porpoises, with only DEHP presenting potential health risks to both adult and juvenile finless porpoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yanqing Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Peng Q, Peng L, Liu J, Liu Y, Liu X, Yin J, Duan S, Liu X, Li Y, Gong Z, Wang Q. Exposure, bioaccumulation, and risk assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in crayfish in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168859. [PMID: 38040355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), a novel class of persistent pollutants, are widely distributed in the environment, and their potential health risks have garnered significant global attention in recent years. Crayfish is a popular freshwater crustacean product in China primarily sourced from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure levels of OPFRs in crayfish, assess the health and safety risks associated with crayfish consumption, and explore the bioaccumulation of OPFRs in environmental water and sediment on crayfish. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze 7 common OPFRs in 106 crayfish samples and 76 environmental samples. The results revealed that OPFRs were detected at a high frequency of 100 % in crayfish, with tripropyl phosphate (TPP) being the predominant pollutant found in edible portions while also exhibiting secondary contamination within the crayfish food chain. Monte Carlo modeling combined with @risk risk assessment software demonstrated that TPP present in crayfish muscles had the most substantial impact on health effects, however, overall OPFR exposure did not pose significant risks to human health. Furthermore, analysis of OPFRs bioenrichment ability indicated that crayfish predominantly accumulated these compounds within their edible parts from surrounding environmental water sources, particularly highlighting TPP's potential for bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lingfeng Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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9
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Chen M, Tian J, Gan Z, Wu J, Ding S, Su S. Tissue distribution and trophic transfer of organophosphate triesters and diesters in three marine mammals of the Liaodong Bay and the Northern Yellow Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132694. [PMID: 37804757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue (muscle, liver, kidney, lung, and heart) distribution and trophic transfer of organophosphate (OP) triesters and diesters in stranded 10 minke whales, 20 spotted seals and 27 East Asian finless porpoises from the Liaodong Bay and the Northern Yellow Sea were evaluated. The OP triesters and diesters were widely found in the tissues of the three marine mammals and their preys, with mean concentrations ranging from below the limits of detection (LOD) to 4342 μg/kg dry weight (dw) and from below the LOD to 1460 μg/kg dw, respectively. Tissue-specific distribution of the OP triesters or diesters were found in the investigated marine mammals with chemical-specific and species-specific. Log Kow negatively affect the accumulation of OP diesters in the marine mammals (p < 0.05), which related to their accumulation pathway in the tissues. The biological traits of the three marine mammals, body length, gender and age could affect the distribution of several OP triesters or diesters. Yet more concern is that significantly biological magnification was found for bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) with trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 5.36 and for tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP)(TMF:2.88) along with the finless porpoise food web. These results considerably contribute to expanding understanding of OP triesters or diesters pollution on the organisms in marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Jiashen Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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10
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Zhu RG, Pan CG, Peng FJ, Zhou CY, Hu JJ, Yu K. Parabens and their metabolite in a marine benthic-dominated food web from the Beibu gulf, South China Sea: Occurrence, trophic transfer and health risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120841. [PMID: 37952329 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are of particular concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic environments and endocrine-disrupting effects. However, information on their bioaccumulation and trophic magnification is limited. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive survey to investigate the occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) in a marine food web from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Results showed that methylparaben (MeP) and 4-HB were the predominant target pollutants in marine organisms, with their concentrations being in the range of 0.18-13.77 and 13.48-222.24 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for target analytes were all lower than 5000, suggesting negligible bioaccumulation. However, the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for MeP and 4-HB were 4.51 and 3.21, respectively, which indicates significant bioaccumulation from the sediment. Furthermore, the estimated trophic magnification factor (TMF) was 2.88 for MeP, suggesting its biomagnification along the food web. In contrast, a lower TMF of 0.45 was found for 4-HB, suggesting trophic dilution along the food web. The hazard quotients (HQs) for parabens were far less than 1 in all organisms, suggesting low risks for humans through consuming marine organisms from the Beibu Gulf. This study provides substantial data on the fate and trophic transfer of parabens in a subtropical marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Zhu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chao-Yang Zhou
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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11
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An J, Du C, Xue W, Huang J, Zhong Y, Ren G, Shang Y, Xu B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in apoptosis of HeLa cells exposed to TPHP and OH-TPHP via the eIF2α-ATF4/ATF3-CHOP-DR5/P53 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1159-1170. [PMID: 38145092 PMCID: PMC10734570 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, which can be transformed in vivo into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphate (diphenyl) ester (OH-TPHP) through biotransformation process. Accumulation of TPHP and its derivatives in biological tissues makes it necessary to investigate their toxicity and molecular mechanism. Methods The present study evaluated the cellular effects of TPHP, DPHP, and OH-TPHP on cell survival, cell membrane damage, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis using HeLa cells as in vitro model. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to monitor the differently expressed genes, and then RT-qPCR and Western bolt were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms and key hub genes. Results Results showed that OH-TPHP had the most significant cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells, followed by TPHP; and no significant cytotoxic effects were observed for DPHP exposure within the experimental concentrations. Biological function enrichment analysis suggested that TPHP and OH-TPHP exposure may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. The nodes filtering revealed that ERS and apoptosis related genes were involved in biological effects induced by TPHP and OH-TPHP, which may be mediated through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/ATF3- CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) cascade pathway and death receptor 5 (DR5) /P53 signaling axis. Conclusion Above all, these findings indicated that ERS-mediated apoptosis might be one of potential mechanisms for cytotoxicity of TPHP and OH-TPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chenyang Du
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wanlei Xue
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bingye Xu
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Xueyuan Road 117, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
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12
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Ding HC, Qi L, Tang B, Mai BX, Poma G, Covaci A. Organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and hydroxylated organophosphate flame retardants (HO-OPFRs) as biomarkers of OPFR contamination in a typical freshwater food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139649. [PMID: 37495043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) can rapidly biotransform into two types of metabolites in biota: (1) organophosphate diesters (DAPs) and (2) hydroxylated OPFRs (HO-OPFRs). Therefore, the levels of parent OPFRs alone are not sufficient to indicate OPFR pollution in biological organisms. This study analyzed 12 OPFR metabolites, including 6 DAPs and 6 HO-OPFRs, in a typical freshwater food chain consisted of crucian carp, catfish, mud carp, snakehead, and oriental river prawn. The total concentrations of OPFR metabolites were comparable to those of parent OPFRs, and ranged from 0.65 to 17 ng/g ww. Bis(2-butoxyethyl) 3'-hydroxy-2-butoxyethyl phosphate (14%-77%), di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) (6.7%-24%), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (0.7%-35%), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (6.0%-24%) were the major OPFR metabolites. Various aquatic species exhibited significant differences in their OPFR metabolite/parent ratios (MPR) (p < 0.05), indicating varying biotransformation potentials of different organisms for various OPFRs. The growth-independent accumulation of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in mud carps could be explained by their biotransformation potential. A significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and δ15N values (p < 0.05), with a calculated trophic magnification factor (TMF) of 0.66. Significant positive correlations were observed between BCIPP and TCIPP (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.05), as well as between DNBP and TNBP (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.01), implying that these two DAPs could be used as biomarkers to quantitatively assess TCIPP and TNBP contamination in wild aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Hong-Chang Ding
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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13
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Gu L, Hu B, Fu Y, Zhou W, Li X, Huang K, Zhang Q, Fu J, Zhang H, Zhang A, Fu J, Jiang G. Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in global aquatic products. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120083. [PMID: 37224669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as an important class of new pollutants, have been pervasively detected in global aquatic products, arousing widespread public concern due to their potential bioaccumulative behavior and consequent risks. With the continuous improvement of living standards of citizens, there have been constant increment of the proportion of aquatic products in diets of people. The levels of OPEs exposed to residents may also be rising due to the augmented consumption of aquatic products, posing potential hazards on human health, especially for people in coastal areas. The present study integrated the concentrations, profiles, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of OPEs in global aquatic products, including Mollusca, Crustacea, and fish, evaluated health risks of OPEs through aquatic products in daily diets by Mont Carol Simulation (MCS), and found Asia has been the most polluted area in terms of the concentration of OPEs in aquatic products, and would have been increasingly polluted. Among all studied OPEs, chlorinated OPEs generally showed accumulation predominance. It is worth noting that some OPEs were found bioaccumulated and/or biomagnified in aquatic ecosystems. Though MCS revealed relative low exposure risks of residents, sensitive and special groups such as children, adolescents, and fishermen may face more serious health risks than the average residents. Finally, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed encouraging more long-term and systematic global monitoring, comprehensive studies of novel OPEs and OPEs metabolites, and more toxicological studies to completely evaluate the potential risks of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
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14
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Zhang ZN, Yang DL, Liu H, Bi J, Bao YB, Ma JY, Zheng QX, Cui DL, Chen W, Xiang P. Effects of TCPP and TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells: Oxidate damage, cell cycle arrest, and pyroptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138817. [PMID: 37127200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) are the widely used organophosphorus flame retardants indoors and easily accessible to the eyes as the common adhesive components of dust and particle matter, however, hardly any evidence has demonstrated their corneal toxicity. In this study, the adverse effects of TCPP, TCEP, and TCPP + TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were investigated. The cell viability and morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and the expressions of cell cycle and pyroptosis-related genes were assessed to explain the underlying mechanisms. Compared to individual exposure, co-exposure to TCPP20+TCEP20 showed higher cytotoxicity with a sharp decrease of >30% in viability and more serious oxidative damage by increasing ROS production to 110.92% compared to the control group. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrested at the S phase (36.20%) was observed after combined treatment, evidenced by the upregulation of cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Interestingly, pyroptosis-related genes GSDMD, Caspase-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP1, and NLRC4 expressions were promoted with cell swelling and glowing morphology. Oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest probably acted as a key role in TCPP20+TCEP20-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in HCECs. Our results suggested that TCPP20+TCEP20 co-exposure induced severer corneal damage, further illustrating its significance in estimating indoor health hazards to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Dan-Lei Yang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Eye Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jue Bi
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Ya-Bo Bao
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Ma
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Zheng
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Dao-Lei Cui
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food SafetyAnd Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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15
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Huang Q, Hou R, Lin L, Li H, Liu S, Cheng Y, Xu X. Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Their Metabolites in the Estuarine Food Web of the Pearl River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3549-3561. [PMID: 36826812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and trophodynamics of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their metabolites were investigated in the estuarine food web of the Pearl River, China. The mean ∑OPFR concentration among the investigated species increased in the following order: fish [431 ± 346 ng/g lipid weight (lw)] < snail (1310 ± 621 ng/g lw) < shrimp (1581 ± 1134 ng/g lw) < crab (1744 ± 1397 ng/g lw). The di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) of di-(n-butyl) phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the most abundant metabolites, with concentrations same as or even higher than their corresponding parent compounds. The log bioaccumulation factors for most OPFRs were lower than 3.70, and significant biomagnification was only found for trisphenyl phosphate [TPHP, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1]. The TMFs of OPFRs, except for TPHP and tributyl phosphate had a positive correlation with lipophilicity (log KOW, p ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation with the biotransformation rate (log KM, p ≤ 0.05). The mean TMF > 1 was observed for all of the OPFR metabolites based on the bootstrap regression method. The "pseudo-biomagnification" of OPFR metabolites might be attributed to the biotransformation of OPFRs in organisms at high trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuanyue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510301, China
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16
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Wang S, Zheng N, Sun S, Ji Y, An Q, Li X, Li Z, Zhang W. Bioaccumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants in marine organisms in Liaodong Bay and their potential ecological risks based on species sensitivity distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120812. [PMID: 36473644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in aquatic environments have received increasing concern, little information is available on their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in marine food webs. Consequently, the risks of OPFRs to marine ecosystems are unknown. In this study, seven OPFR compounds in marine biological samples collected from Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, were analyzed to evaluate their level and biological amplification effect in the marine food web. The total OPFRs of marine organisms in Liaodong Bay ranged from 2.60 to 776 ng/g ww, and lipids were critical factors affecting the concentration of OPFRs in marine species. Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were the OPFRs most frequently detected in marine species. Still, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was dominant in most marine species (16/24), and the content of chlorinated OPFRs was highest. At the same time, alkyl OPFRs and aryl OPFRs accounted for the same proportion. No correlation between OPFR concentration and the trophic level was observed in marine organisms from Liaodong Bay. It was shown in the results of the species sensitivity distribution that TCIPP in Chinese seawater does not pose a potential ecological risk to marine species. However, much work remains to be done on accumulating information and the ecological risks of OPFRs in different marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China.
| | - Siyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Yining Ji
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Qirui An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
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Yang Y, Luo M, Qi Z, Fan Z, Hashmi MZ, Li G, Yu Y. Temporal trends and health risks of organophosphorus flame retardants in fishes in Taihu Lake from 2013 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120733. [PMID: 36435280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are synthetic, physical additive flame retardants widely detected in the environment. To investigate the temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu regions and the associated health risks from fish consumption, 150 fish samples of five species were collected from Taihu Lake in China from 2013 to 2018. Eight OPFRs were measured, having 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (90.7%) and tris (1,3-dichloro-2 propyl) phosphate (21.5%) as the most and least frequently detected OPFRs, respectively. Among the eight OPFRs, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate concentration (446 pg/g, wet weight) was higher than others. The maximum cumulative concentration of the OPFRs (∑8OPFRs) was observed in large icefish (1.69 × 103 pg/g), while silver carp (841 pg/g) had the lowest. For the temporal trends, higher levels of ∑8OPFRs (1.91 × 103 pg/g) were detected in 2013 than in other years, although no significant change in the trend occurred over time. The estimated daily intake of OPFRs from large icefish consumption was 1.20 × 103 pg/kg-bw/day, higher than that of other fish species. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that ≤0.3% of adults and children would suffer non-cancer health risks from OPFRs via fish consumption. This study provides the first data on temporal trends of OPFRs in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | | | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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18
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Zapata-Corella P, Ren ZH, Liu YE, Rigol A, Lacorte S, Luo XJ. Presence of novel and legacy flame retardants and other pollutants in an e-waste site in China and associated risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114768. [PMID: 36370811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) residues and their management have been widely identified as potential sources of plasticizers and flame retardants to the environment, especially in non-formal e-waste facilities. This study evaluates the distribution, partitioning and environmental and human impact of organophosphate esters (OPEs), legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the e-waste recycling area of Baihe Tang village, in the Qingyuan county, Guangdong province, China. A plastic debris lump accumulated in a small pond during years was identified as the main source of pollution with ∑pollutants of 8400 μg/g dw, being OPEs the main contaminants detected, followed by PBDEs. This lump produced the contamination of water, sediments, soils and hen eggs in the surrounding area at high concentrations. Plastic-water and water-sediment partitioning coefficients explained the migration of OPEs to the water body and accumulation in sediments, with a strong dependence according to the KOW. Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tricresyl phosphate (TCPs) and high chlorination degree PCBs produced a risk in soils and sediments, considering the lowest predicted no effect concentration, while the presence of PCBs and PBDEs in free range hen eggs exceeded the acceptable daily intake. OCPs were detected at low concentrations in all samples. The presence of organic contaminants in e-waste facilities worldwide is discussed to highlight the need for a strict control of EEE management to minimize environmental and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zapata-Corella
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zi-He Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Research Centre of Eco-environment of the Middle Yellow River, Shanxi normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anna Rigol
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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19
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Liu W, Zhang H, Ding J, He W, Zhu L, Feng J. Waterborne and Dietary Bioaccumulation of Organophosphate Esters in Zooplankton Daphnia magna. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159382. [PMID: 35954739 PMCID: PMC9367849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as an additive in flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants, consumer chemicals, and foaming agents. They can accumulate in aquatic organisms from water (waterborne exposure) and food (dietary exposure). However, the bioaccumulation characteristics and relative importance of different exposure routes to the bioaccumulation of OPEs are relatively poorly understood. In this study, Daphnia magna were exposed to fo typical OPEs (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)), and their toxicokinetics under waterborne and dietary exposure routes were analyzed. For the waterborne exposure route, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) increased in the order of TBOEP, TCEP, TDCPP, and TPHP, which were consistent with their uptake rate constants. TPHP might have the most substantial accumulation potential while TBOEP may have the smallest potential. In dietary exposure, the depuration rate constants of four OPEs were different from those in the waterborne experiment, which may indicate other depuration mechanisms in two exposure routes. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) of fur OPEs were all below 1, suggesting trophic dilution in the transfer of four OPEs from Scenedesmus obliquus to D. magna. Except for TBOEP, the contributions of dietary exposure were generally lower than waterborne exposure in D. magna under two exposure concentrations. This study provides information on the bioaccumulation and contribution of OPEs in D. magna via different exposure routes and highlights the importance of considering different exposure routes in assessing the risk of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin Zhu
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.F.)
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20
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Wang T, He ZX, Yang J, Wu L, Qiu XW, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. Riverine transport dynamics of PBDEs and OPFRs within a typical e-waste recycling zone: Implications for sink-source interconversion. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118677. [PMID: 35667171 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite ample evidence on spreading of e-waste derived hazardous materials, riverine transport of organic contaminants from e-waste recycling zones to surrounding areas has not been evaluated. To address this issue, passive and grab sampling methods were used to assess sediment-water diffusion and horizontal transport of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFRs) at upstream and downstream sites of two rivers in a typical e-waste recycling zone. Sediment acted as a source of BDE-17 with fluxes of 0.007-0.04 ng m-2 d-1 at all sampling sites. BDE-47 and BDE-99 reached equilibrium between overlying water and sediment porewater. Sediment interconverted from a sink at the upstream site to a source of OPFRs at the downstream site with a flux varying between -7.3 and 234 ng m-2 d-1. The amounts of OPFRs (11-45 g d-1) via horizontal riverine transport were greater than those of PBDEs (0.68-2 g d-1). The vertical sediment-water diffusion of PBDEs and OPFRs was not significant compared to horizontal riverine transport. The annual riverine outputs of PBDEs and OPFRs from the downstream sites were 250-330 g and 12,000-16,500 g, respectively, indicating the significance of riverine transport of organic contaminants from e-waste recycling zones to surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zi-Xuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xia-Wen Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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21
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Zhang W, Giesy JP, Wang P. Organophosphate esters in agro-foods: Occurrence, sources and emerging challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154271. [PMID: 35245542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safety and sustainable agro-food production is important for food and nutrition security. Agro-foods safety is challenged by various emerging environmental contaminants. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to occur in various agro-food items worldwide, which has resulted in increasing concerns for effects on health of humans and wildlife, including through agriculture. However, information on presence, sources and transfer routes of OPEs in agro-foods, and consequent health risks remains scant. This review critically evaluates available information on concentrations of OPEs in various agro-foods, and discusses potential sources of OPEs in agro-foods, which are closely related to the ambient agri-environment, agricultural inputs, and agro-foods processing. Some directions for future research are suggested. First, since food is an important exposure pathway to OPEs, systematic monitoring of concentrations of OPEs in various categories of agro-foods is recommended. Second, surveillance of concentrations and characteristics of OPEs in agro-foods and ambient agri-environments, agricultural inputs or processing in the agro-food chain is needed to obtain a more complete description of exposure and transmission behavior of OPEs in agro-foods. Third, future comprehensive studies of transmission, metabolism and accumulation of OPEs in animals or plants, are required. Finally, measures to control emissions of OPEs as sources to agriculture should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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22
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Hou M, Zhang B, Fu S, Cai Y, Shi Y. Penetration of Organophosphate Triesters and Diesters across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier: Efficiencies, Impact Factors, and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8221-8230. [PMID: 35658413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) across the blood-brain barrier and their influencing factors remain unclear in humans. In this study, 21 tri-OPEs and 8 di-OPEs were measured in 288 paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected in Jinan, China. Six tri-OPEs were frequently detected in both serum and CSF, with median concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 1.62 and 0.042-1.11 ng/mL, respectively. Their penetration efficiencies across the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) (RCSF/serum, CCSF/Cserum) were calculated at 0.667-2.80, and these efficiencies first increased and then decreased with their log Kow values. The reduced penetration efficiencies of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) may be attributed to their strong binding affinities for human serum albumin and p-glycoprotein due to their high hydrophobicity and aryl structure, as indicated by molecular docking. This suggests that active efflux transport may be involved in the penetration of TPHP and EHDPP in addition to passive diffusion similar to the other four tri-OPEs. Di-OPEs were found in few serum samples and even fewer CSF samples, indicating their limited BCSFB permeability. This may be due to their high polarity, low hydrophobicity, and ionic state in blood. This study has important implications for understanding the neurotoxicity of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bona Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shanji Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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23
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Sutha J, Anila PA, Gayathri M, Ramesh M. Long term exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) causes alterations in reproductive hormones, vitellogenin, antioxidant enzymes, and histology of gonads in zebrafish (Danio rerio): In vivo and computational analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109263. [PMID: 35032655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic milieus, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was detected as an emerging environmental contaminant. In this study, in vivo experiment and in-silico docking was integrated systematically to explore the toxic mechanisms of TCEP using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish (mean weight of 0.24 ± 0.02 g) were exposed to 100 and 1500 μg L-1 concentrations of TCEP for 28 days under the static renewal method. During chronic exposure, plasma steroid hormones such as testosterone (T) and 17β estradiol (E2), plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gonads were significantly (P < 0.05) altered in TCEP exposed group (1500 μg L-1) compared to the control group. However, the alterations of these parameters were not significant on the 14th day (except Vtg and GR in testis) in 100 μg L-1 of TCEP exposed groups. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the growth parameters comparing TCEP exposed groups with the control group. The gonads of fish exposed to TCEP showed significant histopathological changes when compared to the control groups. A docking study observed that TCEP possessed binding affinity with the estrogen receptor (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR). These data indicate that TCEP at tested concentrations adversely affects the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesudass Sutha
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pottanthara Ashokan Anila
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesh Gayathri
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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24
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Mata MC, Castro V, Quintana JB, Rodil R, Beiras R, Vidal-Liñán L. Bioaccumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150384. [PMID: 34818755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and depuration of seven organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were studied. OPFRs showed to be bioavailable in aquatic environments. When mussels are exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of OPFRs, uptake kinetics fit well to a first-order model with a single compartment; in contrast depuration rates were generally underestimated by that model, most likely because it does not take into account the biotransformation of OPFRs by the organisms. The highest bioaccumulation rates were observed for tricresyl phosphate (TCrP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and 2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate (EHDPP). This could be due to the presence of aryl groups in these compounds, their low solubility in water, and their affinity for fat tissues. According to these findings TCrP, with a BCF value of 4042 L kg-1 wet weight, should be classified in environmental regulations as an accumulative chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mata
- ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, Vigo E-36390, Galicia, Spain
| | - V Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira 5, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Galicia, Spain
| | - J B Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira 5, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Galicia, Spain
| | - R Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira 5, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Galicia, Spain
| | - R Beiras
- ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, Vigo E-36390, Galicia, Spain
| | - L Vidal-Liñán
- ECIMAT-CIM, University of Vigo, Illa de Toralla s/n, Vigo E-36390, Galicia, Spain.
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25
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Sala B, Giménez J, Fernández-Arribas J, Bravo C, Lloret-Lloret E, Esteban A, Bellido JM, Coll M, Eljarrat E. Organophosphate ester plasticizers in edible fish from the Mediterranean Sea: Marine pollution and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118377. [PMID: 34656682 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) plasticizers were analysed in the present study. Fifty-five fish samples belonging to three highly commercial species, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and European hake (Merluccius merluccius), were taken from the Western Mediterranean Sea. OPEs were detected in all individuals, except for two hake samples, with concentrations between 0.38 and 73.4 ng/g wet weight (ww). Sardines presented the highest mean value with 20.5 ± 20.1 ng/g ww, followed by anchovies with 14.1 ± 8.91 ng/g ww and hake with 2.48 ± 1.76 ng/g ww. The lowest OPE concentrations found in hake, which is a partial predator of anchovy and sardine, and the higher δ15N values (as a proxy of trophic position), may indicate the absence of OPEs biomagnification. Eleven out of thirteen tested OPEs compounds were detected, being diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP) one of the most frequently detected in all the species. The highest concentration values were obtained for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDClPP), trihexyl phosphate (THP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), for sardines, anchovies, and hakes, respectively. The human health risk associated with the consumption of these fish species showing that their individual consumption would not pose a considerable threat to public health regarding OPE intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sala
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Giménez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy (MaREI), Marine Ecology Group, Beaufort, Building, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Julio Fernández-Arribas
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Bravo
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Lloret-Lloret
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Esteban
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1 Apdo 22, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Bellido
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1 Apdo 22, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Bekele TG, Zhao H, Yang J, Chegen RG, Chen J, Mekonen S, Qadeer A. A review of environmental occurrence, analysis, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of organophosphate esters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49507-49528. [PMID: 34378126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ban and restriction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and major brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), due to their confirmed detrimental effects on wildlife and humans have paved the way for the wide application of organophosphate esters (OPEs). OPEs have been extensively used as alternative flame retardants, plasticizer, and antifoaming agents in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to an increase in production, usage, and discharge in the environment. We compile recent information on the production/usage and physicochemical properties of OPEs and discussed and compared the available sample treatment and analysis techniques of OPEs, including extraction, clean-up, and instrumental analysis. The occurrence of OPEs in sediment, aquatic biota, surface, and drinking water is documented. Toxicity, human exposure, and ecological risks of OPEs were summarized; toxicological data of several OPEs shows different adverse health effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Much attention was given to document evidence regarding the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPEs in aquatic organisms. Finally, identified research gaps and avenues for future studies are forwarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Arba Minch University, 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Ruth Gebretsadik Chegen
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, High-tech Zone District, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Peng X, Chen G, Fan Y, Zhu Z, Guo S, Zhou J, Tan J. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer of organophosphorus plastic additives in freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116948. [PMID: 33773303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been a growing global issue. Various plastic additives may enter the environment with plastic debris, which could also become contaminants. Lifetime bioaccumulation, gender difference, tissue distribution, and parental transfer potential of commonly applied organophosphorus plastic additives (OPPAs) were investigated in wildlife fish of the Pearl River system, China. The OPPAs were widely detected in 7 consumable fish species. Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate was the predominant compound, with a median concentration of 18.8 ng/g lipid weight. The total OPPA concentrations (ΣOPPAs) were higher in the livers and swimming bladders, suggesting important roles of lipophilicity on the OPPAs accumulation in the fish. Besides, the livers were more abundant in the non-chlorinated OPPAs relative to the other tissues, indicating potentially stronger metabolism of the chlorinated OPPAs in the livers. Redbelly tilapia contained obviously lower ΣOPPAs than the other species. On the other hand, proportions of the chlorinated OPPAs were obviously lower in barbel chub and Guangdong black bream. For an individual species, higher ΣOPPAs were usually detected in the female than in the male fish. Furthermore, the females contained higher proportions of the non-chlorinated OPPAs. These results suggested potentially more accumulation of the OPPAs, particularly the non-chlorinated OPPAs in the female than in the male fish. Body weight dependence of the OPPAs accumulation showed varied patterns depending on species, tissue, and compound. Species-specific characteristics affected by both ecology and organisms' physiology should be considered in combination in assessing bioaccumulation of the OPPAs. The OPPAs were slightly bioaccumulative with LogBAFs of 1.2-3.3. The OPPAs did not show obvious inclination to be partitioned to biota from sediment. Omnipresence of the OPPAs in both egg/ovary and testis of the fish suggested potential transgenerational transfer of these chemicals, which can be a serious ecological issue and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zewen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Monitoring and Testing, Guangzhou, 510050, China
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Tissue-Specific Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Frogs. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060124. [PMID: 34072704 PMCID: PMC8228168 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five types of tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and heart, were collected from black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs to study the tissue-specific accumulation of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Thirteen PFRs and nine plasticizers were detected, with average total concentrations of 1.4–13 ng/g ww and 858–5503 ng/g ww in black-spotted frogs, 3.6–46 ng/g ww and 355–3504 ng/g ww in bullfrogs. Significant differences in pollutant concentrations among different tissues in the two frog species were found, indicating the specific selectivity distribution of PFRs and plasticizers. Overall, liver tissues exhibited significantly higher pollutant concentrations. The pollutant concentration ratios of other tissue to the sum of liver tissue and other tissues (OLR, Cother/(Cother + Cliver)) corresponding to male frogs were significantly greater than those of females, suggesting that male frogs could have higher metabolic potentials for PFRs and plasticizers. No obvious correlations between OLR and log KOW were found, indicating that the other factors (e.g., bioaccumulation pathway and metabolism) besides lipophicity could influence the deposition of PFRs and plasticizers in frog livers. Different parental transfer patterns for PFRs and plasticizers were observed in frogs when using different tissues as parental tissues. Moreover, the liver tissues had similar parental transfer mechanism with muscle tissues.
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Liu Y, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in insects during metamorphosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124688. [PMID: 33316674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven insect taxa belonging to five different orders were collected from a former Chinese e-waste dumping site to investigate the occurrences of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. The total PFR and plasticizer concentrations were in the ranges of 2.3-91 ng/g ww (median: 20 ng/g ww) and 420-15600 ng/g ww (4040 ng/g ww), respectively. The contaminant patterns varied greatly among different insect taxa owing to their specific habitats and feeding habits. The larvae of litchi stinkbugs and grasshoppers exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their adult counterparts. In contrast, the adults of butterflies, moths, and dragonflies exhibited significantly higher PFR concentrations than their larvae. Additionally, negative linear correlations were frequently observed between the ratios of PFR and plasticizer concentrations in adult to larva (A/L) and log KOW in the four studied insect taxa, which were different from those corresponding to persistent organic pollutants. Notably, the contaminant concentrations of dragonfly ecdysis were significantly higher than those of dragonfly larvae, indicating that ecdysis is an important pathway by which dragonflies remove PFRs and plasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Yang Q, Li Q, Li H, Li F. Two-Dimensional MnO2 Nanozyme-Mediated Homogeneous Electrochemical Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides without the Interference of H2O2 and Color. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4084-4091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyin Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Bekele TG, Zhao H, Wang Q. Tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of organophosphate esters in wild marine fish from Laizhou Bay, North China: Implications of human exposure via fish consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123410. [PMID: 32653798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment, limited information is available about their tissue-specific accumulation potential in marine fish and exposure risks. Ten fish species from the coastal area of Laizhou Bay, North China, were sampled and analyzed to investigate tissue levels, bioaccumulation, and human exposure risks of 20 OPEs. Seventeen OPEs were detected in fish tissues with total concentration ranging from 6.6-107 ng/g dry weight. The average log bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of OPEs ranged from 2.8 to 4.4 in livers, 2.3-3.8 in muscles, 2.5-3.9 in gills, and 2.8-4.4 in kidneys. The log BAF values of OPEs significantly increased with increasing their log KOW values (r = 0.55-0.63, p < 0.001). The estimated daily intake of OPEs ranged from 1.7-12.0 and 3.1-22.1 ng/kg bw/d for rural and urban residents, respectively. The hazard quotients of OPEs were in the range of 4 × 10 -5 to 6.7 × 10 -4 and 7 × 10 -5 to 1.2 × 10 -3 for rural and urban residents, respectively. Results showed that the human health risks of OPEs associated with fish consumption is at low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Department of Natural Resource Management, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Occurrence, analysis and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in biota: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111547. [PMID: 32829085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, organophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants. In this review article, the occurrence and analytical techniques of OPEs in the biotic environment have been compiled and reviewed. Data from studies published the last decade all over the world covering a variety of species in trophic chain have been synthesized and evaluated. OPEs are among the most frequent detected flame retardants and high concentrations are detected in biota to date. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed emphasizing on further monitoring, advanced analytical methodologies, and risk assessment studies to completely understand the science of OPEs in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Liu YE, Luo XJ, Guan KL, Huang CC, Zhu CY, Qi XM, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in frogs: Sex difference and parental transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115336. [PMID: 32836048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black-spotted frogs and bullfrogs from an e-waste polluted area were collected and examined for legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers. Total concentrations of PFRs and plasticizers were 0.62-15 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 316-4904 ng/g ww in muscles, 2.2-59 ng/g ww and 127-5757 ng/g ww in eggs and gonads, and 1.2-15 ng/g ww and 51-1510 ng/g ww in oviducts, respectively. For muscle tissues, concentrations of ∑PFRs, triethyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris-(chloro-2-propyl) phosphate were significantly higher in the males than females (p < 0.05). However, for reproductive tissues, eggs exhibited higher levels of those contaminants than gonads (p < 0.05). No significant sex difference in levels of plasticizers was observed in muscles. In contrast, levels for (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-iso-butyl phthalate in gonads were significantly higher than those in eggs (p < 0.05). Significantly negative linear correlations between maternal transfer ratios and log KOW were found in female frogs. Paternal transfer potentials were first significantly and positively correlated to log KOW (<6) and then decreased afterward in the males. These results indicated that parental transfer was answer for the sex-specific accumulation of PFRs and plasticizers in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke-Lan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-You Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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Ding Y, Han M, Wu Z, Zhang R, Li A, Yu K, Wang Y, Huang W, Zheng X, Mai B. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of organophosphate esters in tropical marine food web, South China Sea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105919. [PMID: 32623222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) continues to be a concern. Little is known about their bioaccumulation and trophodynamics, especially in tropical food webs. This study collected seawater and fifteen types of organism from a tropical ecosystem, South China Sea, to investigate the species-specific compositional, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of OPEs. The total concentrations of 11 target OPEs (ng/g dw) in the organisms decreased with the increase of their trophic levels in the order: phytoplankton (922) > zooplankton (660) > oysters (309) > crabs (225) > coral tissues (202) > fishes (58.2). The composition profiles (relative abundances) of OPEs were different among the species of organisms, which is likely affected by metabolism and the physicochemical property of OPEs. The trophic biomagnification of tripentyl phosphate (TPTP) in the pelagic food web was unexpected and requires further investigation. The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of OPEs were generally lower in this tropical aquatic food web than in temperate and frigid aquatic food web. Our analysis suggests that there is a significant positive linear correlation between latitude and TMF. Intakes of OPEs through the consumption of the seafood involved in this work does not pose health risk to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080 Zhuhai, China; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA.
| | - An Li
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519080 Zhuhai, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Qi Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Yao Z, Yao W, Shangguan K, Li M, Ming H, Ma X. Comparison of receptor models for source identification of organophosphate esters in major inflow rivers to the Bohai Sea, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114970. [PMID: 32806447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the sources of organophosphate esters (OPEs) is a prerequisite for OPE control and the establishment of related environmental policies. Sources of OPEs in 35 major inflow rivers to the Bohai Sea of China were quantitatively analyzed using three effective receptor models (principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and Unmix) in this paper. The similarities and differences in results from PCA-MLR, PMF, and Unmix were discussed in depth. All three models well predicted the spatial variability of the total concentrations of nine OPEs (triethyl phosphate, tri-n-butyl phosphate, triisobutyl phosphate, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and triphenylphosphine oxide) (∑9OPEs) (r2 = 0.90-0.96, p = 0.000) and explained 98.4%-101.2% of the observed ∑9OPEs. The predicted ∑9OPEs values from each pairwise model were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.88-0.91, p = 0.000). Three OPE sources were extracted by all three models: rigid and flexible polyurethane foam/coating, cellulosic/acrylic/vinyl polymer/unsaturated polyester, and polyvinyl chloride, contributing 49.9%, 29.7%, and 20.5% by PCA-MLR, 57.9%, 28.6%, and 13.5% by PMF, and 47.9%, 30.8%, and 22.4% by Unmix to the ∑9OPEs, respectively. PMF was recommended as the preferred receptor model for analyzing OPE sources in water during the monitoring period because of its optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenjun Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kuixing Shangguan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Minghao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongxia Ming
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Chen M, Liao X, Yan SC, Gao Y, Yang C, Song Y, Liu Y, Li W, Tsang SY, Chen ZF, Qi Z, Cai Z. Uptake, Accumulation, and Biomarkers of PM 2.5-Associated Organophosphate Flame Retardants in C57BL/6 Mice after Chronic Exposure at Real Environmental Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9519-9528. [PMID: 32609501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the bioaccumulation of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in aquatic organisms has been investigated, little information is available about their bioaccumulation in mammals following chronic inhalation exposure. To address this knowledge gap, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 7 PM2.5-associated OPFRs via the trachea to study their bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, and urinary metabolites. Low (corresponding to the real PM2.5 concentrations occurring during winter in Guangzhou), medium, and high dosages were examined. After 72 days' exposure, ∑OPFR concentrations in tissues from mice in the medium dosage group decreased in the order of intestine > heart > stomach > testis > kidney > spleen > brain > liver > lung > muscle. Of the OPFRs detected in all three exposure groups, chlorinated alkyl OPFRs were most heavily accumulated in mice. We found a significant positive correlation between the bioaccumulation ratio and octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA) in mice tissues for low log KOW OPFR congeners (log KOW ≤ 4, p < 0.05). Three urinary metabolites (di-p-cresyl phosphate: DCrP, diphenyl phosphate: DPhP, dibutyl phosphate: DnBP) were detected from the high dosage group. These results provide important insights into the bioaccumulation potential of OPFRs in mammals and emphasize the health risk of chlorinated alkyl OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Chao Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Choi W, Lee S, Lee HK, Moon HB. Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in sediment and bivalves along the Korean coast: Occurrence, geographical distribution, and a potential for bioaccumulation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111275. [PMID: 32510414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers are environmental concerns. In this study, 18 OPFRs were analyzed in sediment and bivalves collected from 50 locations along the Korean coast to assess occurrence, geographical distribution, contamination source, and bioaccumulation potential. Tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were highly detected (>80%) OPFRs in sediment and bivalves. Total concentrations of OPFRs and plasticizers in sediment and bivalves ranged from 2.18 to 347 ng/g dry weight and from 6.12 to 206 ng/g dry weight, respectively, which were within the ranges reported for previous studies. Sedimentary organic carbon was a primary factor governing the OPFR distribution. Concentrations of OPFRs and plasticizers in sediments from harbor zones were significantly higher than non-harbor zones, indicating that shipping activity is a contamination source of OPFRs and plasticizers in coastal environments. Biota-sediment accumulation factors <1 for several OPFRs indicated limited potential for bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosik Choi
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Gao D, Yang J, Bekele TG, Zhao S, Zhao H, Li J, Wang M, Zhao H. Organophosphate esters in human serum in Bohai Bay, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2721-2729. [PMID: 31836969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as a class of emerging flame retardant and plasticizers, have attracted particular attention due to their ubiquitous existence in the environment and potential effects on human health. Here, we investigated the levels of OPEs in human serum and examined the role of demographic variables on the body burden of such compounds. Of 11 OPEs screened, 8 were detected in human serum samples collected from a population (n = 89) in Bohai Bay, North China. The ∑OPE concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 948 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with a median concentration of 243 ng/g lw. Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) was identified as the most abundant OPEs with a median concentration of 214 ng/g lw. The concentrations of the triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in older adults were higher than those in young adults (p < 0.05), and lower concentrations of tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP) were observed in female samples compared to males. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in tri-n-propyl phosphate (TPrP) concentrations between urban and rural residence groups (p < 0.05). This study provides important information on the accumulation potential of OPEs in human bodies and suggests the need for further investigation to understand the potential human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dute Gao
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jun Li
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mijia Wang
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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39
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Liu YE, Tang B, Liu Y, Luo XJ, Mai BX, Covaci A, Poma G. Occurrence, biomagnification and maternal transfer of legacy and emerging organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in water snake from an e-waste site. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105240. [PMID: 31654917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water snake and small common carp samples collected from a Chinese pond polluted with electronic waste (e-waste) were analyzed for organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), PFR metabolites, and plasticizers to investigate their occurrence, biomagnification, and maternal transfer in ovoviviparous species. Mean concentrations of total PFRs, PFR metabolites, and plasticizers were 2.2-16, 1.3-2.8 and 151-1320 ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively in analyzed organisms. Metabolites of PFRs were found in the same order of magnitude as or even higher than their parent compounds, indicating the importance of monitoring metabolites to evaluate the internal exposure of PFRs in organisms. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were below 1 for all targeted chemicals and negatively correlated with metabolite/parent ratios (MPRs), suggesting a biodilution driven by metabolism. The lipid normalized concentrations were lower in eggs than in muscle for most of targeted chemicals. The maternal transfer potential was significantly and positively correlated with log KOW (p < 0.05) when log KOW was below 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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