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Queirós V, Azeiteiro UM, Santos JL, Alonso E, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Freitas R. Unravelling biochemical responses in the species Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to the antineoplastics ifosfamide and cisplatin under different temperature scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173668. [PMID: 38839013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the chronic impact of two of the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs, Ifosfamide (IF) and Cisplatin (CDDP), on the bivalve species Mytilus galloprovincialis under current (17 °C) and predicted warming conditions (21 °C). Accompanying the expected increase in worldwide cancer incidence, antineoplastics detection in the aquatic environment is also expected to rise. Mussels were exposed to varying concentrations of IF (10, 100, 500 ng/L) and CDDP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L) for 28 days. Biochemical analyses focused on metabolic, antioxidant and biotransformation capacities, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity. Results showed temperature-dependent variations in biochemical responses. Metabolic capacity remained stable in mussels exposed to IF, while CDDP exposure increased it at 1000 ng/L for both temperatures. Antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by IF, but CDDP activated them, particularly at 21 °C. Biotransformation capacity was unchanged by IF but enhanced by CDDP. Nevertheless, cellular damage occurred at CDDP concentrations above 100 ng/L, regardless of temperature. Integrated biomarker responses highlighted CDDP's greater impact, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in shaping organismal responses and underscoring the complexity of environmental stressor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Queirós
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ulisses M Azeiteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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2
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Al-Saidi HM, Khan S. Recent Advances in Thiourea Based Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensors for Detection of Anions and Neutral Analytes: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:93-109. [PMID: 35417281 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2063017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioureas and their derivatives are organosulfur compounds having excellent biological and non-biological applications. These compounds contain S- and N-, which are nucleophilic and allow for establishing inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These characteristics make thiourea moiety a very important chemosensor to detect various environmental pollutants. This article covers a broad range of thioureas and their derivatives that are used for highly sensitive, selective, and simple fluorimetric (turn-off and turn-on), and colorimetric chemosensors for the detection and determination of different types of anions, such as CN-, AcO-, F-, ClO- and citrate ions, etc., and neutral analytes such as ATP, DCP, and Amlodipine, etc., in biological, environmental, and agriculture samples. Further, the sensing performances of thioureas-based chemosensors have been compared and discussed, which could help the readers for the future design of organic fluorescent and colorimetric sensors to detect anions and neutral analytes. We hope this study will support the new thoughts to design highly efficient, selective, and sensitive chemosensors to detect different analytes in biological, environmental, and agricultural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed M Al-Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Pires P, Pereira AMPT, Pena A, Silva LJG. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Aquatic Environment and Bivalves: The State of the Art. TOXICS 2024; 12:415. [PMID: 38922095 PMCID: PMC11209577 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, contaminants of emerging concern have been reported in several environmental matrices due to advances in analytical methodologies. These anthropogenic micropollutants are detected at residual levels, representing an ecotoxicological threat to aquatic ecosystems. In particular, the pharmacotherapeutic group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) is one of the most prescribed and used, as well as one of the most frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Bivalves have several benefits as a foodstuff, and also as an environment bioindicator species. Therefore, they are regarded as an ideal tool to assess this issue from both ecotoxicological and food safety perspectives. Thus, the control of these residues in bivalves is extremely important to safeguard environmental health, also ensuring food safety and public health. This paper aims to review NSAIDs in bivalves, observing their consumption, physicochemical characteristics, and mechanisms of action; their environmental occurrence in the aquatic environment and aquatic biota; and their effects on the ecosystem and the existent legal framework. A review of the analytical methodologies for the determination of NSAIDs in bivalves is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liliana J. G. Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.P.)
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4
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Bastolla CLV, Guerreiro FC, Saldaña-Serrano M, Gomes CHAM, Lima D, Rutkoski CF, Mattos JJ, Dias VHV, Righetti BPH, Ferreira CP, Martim J, Alves TC, Melo CMR, Marques MRF, Lüchmann KH, Almeida EA, Bainy ACD. Emerging and legacy contaminants on the Brazilian southern coast (Santa Catarina): A multi-biomarker approach in oysters Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171679. [PMID: 38494031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Coastal environments, such as those in the Santa Catarina State (SC, Brazil), are considered the primary receptors of anthropogenic pollutants. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the levels of emerging contaminants (ECs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in indigenous Crassostrea gasar oysters from different regions of SC coast in the summer season (March 2022). Field collections were conducted in the São Francisco do Sul, Itajaí, Florianópolis and Laguna coastal zones. We analyzed the bioaccumulation levels of 75 compounds, including antibiotics (AB), endocrine disruptors (ED), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides. Furthermore, we assessed biomarker responses related to biotransformation, antioxidant defense, heat shock protection and oxidative damage in oysters' gills. Prevalence of ECs was observed in the central and southern regions, while the highest concentrations of POPs were detected in the central-northern regions of SC. Oysters exhibited an induction in biotransformation systems (cyp2au1 and cyp356a1, sult and GST activity) and antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and GPx). Higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was observed in the animals from Florianópolis compared to other regions. Correlation analyses indicated possible associations between contaminants and environmental variables in the biomarker responses, serving as a warning related to climate change. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic activities on SC, serving as baseline of ECs and POPs levels in the coastal areas of Santa Catarina, indicating more critical zones for extensive monitoring, aiming to conserve coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L V Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Guerreiro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos H A M Gomes
- Marine Mollusc Laboratory (LMM), Department of Aquaculture, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila F Rutkoski
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vera Helena V Dias
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P H Righetti
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P Ferreira
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Julia Martim
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Alves
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudio M R Melo
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Maria R F Marques
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, UDESC, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau Regional University Foundation, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry (LABCAI), Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Zandian FK, Balalaie S, Amiri K, Bagheri H. Mesoporous organosilicas with highly-content tyrosine framework as extractive phases for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic media. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1290:342206. [PMID: 38246742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentions regarding ordered mesoporous silica materials (OMSs), with large specific surface areas and narrow pore size distribution, which are prepared via self-assembly techniques, have been raised in sorption, separation, and sample preparation. However, in order to extend and improve their applications, a functionalization step is required. Organic units can be anchored on the inner or outer surface as well as in the silica wall framework by co-condensation-, grafting-, and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) preparation approaches. Apparently, by synthesizing PMO with extensive and flexible organic bridging groups within the mesoporous wall, an efficient extractive phase can be achieved. RESULTS We employed tyrosine amino acid to synthesize a PMO-based extractive phase. The FT-IR, 1H NMR, HR-ESI-MS, Low angle-XRD, TEM, FESEM, BET, and EDX-MAP analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PMO within the salt-assisted templating method. A comprehensive study on sorption behavior of PMO was performed and its efficiency was evaluated against the grafting and co-condensation methods. Then, it was implemented to the pipette tip-micro solid phase extraction (PT-μ-SPE) of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in water/wastewaters. Limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the range of 0.1-1.5 and 0.3-5 μg L-1, respectively. The calibration plots are linear in the 1-1000, 3-1000, 10-750, and 3-750 μg L-1, respectively. The intra-and inter-day precision at 50 and 200 μg L-1 levels are 2.9-7.1 % and 3.5-8%, while recoveries are between 84 and 111 %. SIGNIFICANCE High-capacity tyrosine functionalized PMO with 2D hexagonal symmetry silica mesoporous structures found to be highly efficient extractive media. Despite the bulkiness and flexibility of the bridging group within the mesoporous wall, the synthesis condition was optimized in order to load more organic content in the PMO structure. The PMO performance was superior over organically modified ordered mesoporous silica materials prepared by the grafting and co-condensation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karimi Zandian
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Amiri
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Bagheri
- Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
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Tran-Lam TT, Quan TC, Bui MQ, Dao YH, Le GT. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in Vietnamese marine fish: Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168305. [PMID: 37935261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The release of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) into the aquatic environment, specifically the oceans, is increasing, leading to adverse effects on the marine ecosystem. Using optimized QuEChERS extraction methods, the study created the first contamination profiles of 44 EDCs, including organic ultraviolet compounds, pharmaceutically active compounds, hormones, and phthalate esters, in 114 fish muscle samples from five species collected along the Vietnamese coast. The study found that largehead hairtail exhibited the highest total EDCs at 208.3 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw), while Indian catfish displayed the lowest concentration at 105.5 ng g-1 lw. Besides, the study observed notable variations in the total EDCs across distinct fish species. This study hypothesized that the marine economic characteristics of each research location have a significant role in shaping the pollution profile of EDCs found in fish specimens taken from the corresponding area. As a result, a notable disparity in the composition of organic ultraviolet compounds has been observed among the three regions of North, Central, and South Vietnam (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). Despite these findings, EDC-contaminated fish did not pose any health risks to Vietnam's coastal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Thien Tran-Lam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Institute of Mechanics and Applied Informatics, VAST, 291 Dien Bien Phu, Ward 7, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Cam Quan
- Viet Tri University of Industry, 9 Tien Son, Tien Cat, Viet Tri, Phu Tho 75000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Quang Bui
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Hai Dao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Giang Truong Le
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
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Yu CW, Yen PL, How CM, Kuo YH, Hsiu-Chuan Liao V. Early-life long-term ibuprofen exposure reduces reproductive capacity involved in spermatogenesis impairment and associated with the transcription factor DAF-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140717. [PMID: 37979808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging environmental contaminants and have raised significant concern due to their potential adverse impact on the environment. Ibuprofen is one of the most extensively used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is also considered an environmental contaminant. The negative impact of ibuprofen on non-target organisms has been documented; however, the molecular mechanisms behind its reproductive toxicity remain unclear. We investigated the impact of early-life long-term ibuprofen exposure on reproductive capacity and its involvement of spermiogenesis in the non-target model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Hermaphrodites were exposed to various ibuprofen concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L), resulting in a dose-dependent inhibition of reproduction. In addition, the lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) for ibuprofen exposure on the total brood size of C. elegans was 0.1 mg/L, a concentration that falls within the environmentally relevant range for ibuprofen. Outcross progeny assays revealed a significant 47% reduction in total brood size for larval males (him-5) exposed to ibuprofen, while females (fog-2) exhibited only a minor effect. We found that early-life long-term ibuprofen exposure impairs spermatogenesis. The number of mitotic cells significantly reduced by 31%. The rate of sperm malformation in exposed males was 63%, much higher than in unexposed males (11%). Additionally, the percentage of sperm activation decreased from 89% to 39% in ibuprofen-exposed worms. Mechanistic insights indicated that ibuprofen downregulated mRNA levels of genes related to spermatogenesis and DAF-7/TGF-β signaling. RNAi assays provided evidence for the crucial role of the transcription factor DAF-5 in mediating the spermatogenesis impairment by ibuprofen. Our study provides insight into the environmental impacts of pharmaceutical contaminants, such as ibuprofen, on both male and female reproductive systems to safeguard environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Wei Yu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming How
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Shu W, Price GW, Jamieson R, Lake C. Simulating fate and transport of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using Root Zone Water Quality Model 2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1178-1192. [PMID: 37661655 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate and transport of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in soil are determined by various processes, and the complexity of the system lends itself to the use of computer simulation models to help understand it. This study demonstrated the first attempt to use empirical data from lab incubation and field studies to parameterize and test a process-based agricultural systems model, Root Zone Water Quality Model 2 (RZWQM2), to simulate the fate and transport of naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen (IBF), and ketoprofen (KTF) in field-based lysimeters amended with alkaline-treated biosolids (ATBs). The model calibrated for the soil-water balance module and contaminant transport module was used to predict water seepage through the soil profile in 2017 and 2018 within a 15% error of the field measured data, with model performance statistics such as Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and R2 all greater than 0.70. The overall predicted percent recovery of initial spiked NSAIDs in both soil and water samples, after further calibration of the contaminant transport module, was within the same order of magnitude as the measured data. The model underestimated the percent recovery of initial spiked NSAIDs at the 30- to 55-cm soil depth for all treatments on day 3. The calibrated soil subsurface aerobic half-lives of NPX and IBF were found to be considerably lower than their laboratory-measured half-lives obtained from the incubation study. The overall performance of RZWQM2 in simulating the soil hydrology and behavior of NSAIDs in soil profiles receiving various rates of ATB amendments was satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Shu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gordon W Price
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rob Jamieson
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig Lake
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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9
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Kropidłowska K, Caban M. Effect of salinity on the toxicity of diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen toward cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139521. [PMID: 37482319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic species are continuously exposed to pharmaceuticals and changeable water conditions simultaneously, which can induce changes in the toxicity of pollutants. Cyanobacterium are an organism for which less ecotoxicological tests have been performed compared to green algae. In this study, we decided to check how selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) affect the grow of Synechocystis salina, picocyanobacterium isolated from the Baltic Sea, with salinity as potential modulator of toxicity. S. salina was exposed to diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBF) and naproxen (NPX) (nominal 100 mg L-1) in BG11 medium and sea salt supplemented BG11 medium (38 PSU) over 96 h in continuous light at 23 °C. No acute toxicity was found in both tested salinity levels. The comparable grow rate in exposed culture compared to control culture over 4 days indicate lack of stress for several generations which need to be overcome with substantial energy consumption. S. salina was found to be halotolerant and can be species for ecotoxicology test where salinity in an additional stressor. Furthermore, resistant of S. salina to target NSAIDs provide a competitive advantage over other phytoplankton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kropidłowska
- University of Gdansk, Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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10
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Yuan N, Ding J, Wu J, Bao E, Chu Y, Hu F. A multibiomarker approach to assess the ecotoxicological effects of diclofenac on Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88598-88611. [PMID: 37438503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), one of the most current and widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been frequently detected in aquatic environments worldwide. However, the ecotoxicological effects of DCF on freshwater invertebrates remain largely unknown. In the present study, Corbicula fluminea were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DCF (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg/L) for 28 days, and the potential adverse effects of DCF on siphoning behavior, antioxidant responses, and apoptosis were investigated. Our results showed that the siphon efficiencies of clams were significantly suppressed under DCF stress. DCF exerted neurotoxicity via reducing the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in gills and digestive gland of C. fluminea. Exposure to DCF induced antioxidant stress and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both gills and digestive gland of C. fluminea. Transcriptional alterations of apoptosis-related genes indicated that DCF might induce apoptosis by triggering mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These findings can improve our understanding of the ecological risk of DCF in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jieyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiasang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Erqin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaoyao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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11
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Zanitti M, Medesani DA, Rodríguez EM, López Greco LS. Long-Term Exposure of the Red Cherry Shrimp Neocaridina davidi to Diclofenac: Impact on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Potential. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:181-190. [PMID: 37594539 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at studying the long-term effects of diclofenac on the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi, concerning survival, somatic growth, and reproduction. In this study, both ovigerous females and males of this species were exposed for 63 d to 0 (control), 0.1, or 1 mg/L of diclofenac. At the highest concentration, significant mortality was detected, and the somatic growth of females was significantly decreased. The percentage of females with a second spawn, observable from day 45, significantly increased at 1 mg/L, while the time between spawns was significantly reduced at both concentrations assayed. However, the gonadal analysis made at the end of the assay in the surviving females showed a significantly lower proportion of advanced oocytes in females exposed to 1 mg/L, as compared to control. Concerning hatching, the percentage of ovigerous females that could have successful hatching was reduced at 1 mg/L of diclofenac, especially for the first spawn. For the second spawn, the low number of juveniles hatched from females exposed to 1 mg/L also showed a significantly higher incidence of morphological abnormalities, such as hydropsy and underdeveloped appendages. Taken together, these results showed that even when diclofenac was able to produce earlier spawns, the reproductive output of each spawn was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zanitti
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Medesani
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Marcelo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Susana López Greco
- Laboratorio de Biología de La Reproducción, Crecimiento Y Nutrición de Crustáceos Decápodos, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental,, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Iqbal A, Ložek F, Soto I, Kaur D, Grabicová K, Kuklina I, Randák T, Malinovska V, Buřič M, Kozák P. Effect of psychoactive substances on cardiac and locomotory activity of juvenile marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115084. [PMID: 37267780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are common and increasing in the aquatic environment. Evidence suggests they have adverse effects on non-target organisms, and they are classified as emerging pollutants for a variety of aquatic organisms. To determine the effects of environmentally relevant levels of psychoactive compounds on non-target organisms, we analyzed cardiac and locomotory activity in early developmental stages of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Responses to sertraline, methamphetamine, and a mixture of citalopram, oxazepam, sertraline, tramadol, venlafaxine, and methamphetamine at a concentration of 1 µg L-1 of each compound were assessed. On day four of exposure, cardiac activity was recorded for 5 min, and on day eight, locomotory activity was recorded for 15 min. There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in heart rate in methamphetamine-exposed and Mix-exposed juveniles compared to the unexposed control and there was significant difference (p < 0.01) in proportion of time (activity %) was observed with sertraline-exposed, whereas velocity, and distance moved did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in exposed and control animals. These findings revealed that low concentrations of chemicals and their mixtures can modify the physiological state of aquatic animals without outward manifestations (activity, distance moved, and velocity). Aquatic animals can be impacted earlier than is visible, but effects can potentially lead to substantial changes in populations and in ecosystem processes. Additional research to investigate chemical combinations, exposure systems, and organism physiological and molecular responses may provide evidence of broad impact of environmental pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Iqbal
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Ložek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Ismael Soto
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Davinder Kaur
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Kuklina
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Malinovska
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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13
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Shu W, Price GW, Jamieson R, Lake C. Effect of biosolids amendment on the fate and mobility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a field-based lysimeter cell study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 331:121939. [PMID: 37263567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used globally to treat and prevent illness. Biosolids change physico-chemical characteristics of soil and can affect the mobility of NSAIDs. A field-based lysimeter study evaluated the effect of three rates (0, 7, and 28 Mg ha-1) of alkaline treated biosolids (ATB) on the leaching potential of naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen (IBF), and ketoprofen (KTF) over 34 days in a sandy loam textured soil. Although all three NSAIDs in the lysimeter cells vertically migrated to deeper soil depths after spiking, the sum of all NPX, IBF, and KTF detected in the leachate samples from all treatments were only 0.03%, 0.02%, and 0.04% of the initial spiking mass to the surface soil, respectively. A mass balance analysis indicated a low accumulation of these compounds in the soil at the end of the study (Day 34) from all treatments with only 4.8%, 0.5%, and 0.7% of initial spiked NPX, IBF, and KTF, respectively. Application of ATB significantly increased soil pH and organic matter (OM) content of the soils but did not impact retention of the compounds in the soil profile. Overall, all three NSAIDs in the present study presented low mobility in the loamy sand textured agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shu
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - R Jamieson
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - C Lake
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Sun Z, Li M, Qian S, Gu Y, Huang J, Li J. Development of a detection method for 10 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs residues in four swine tissues by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123722. [PMID: 37099884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection method was developed for the residues of 10 NSAIDs (salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, diclofenac, tolfenamic acid, antipyrine, flunixin meglumine, aminophenazone, meloxicam, metamizole sodium) in swine muscle, liver, kidney, and fat. Swine tissue samples were extracted by phosphorylated acetonitrile with the addition of an appropriate amount of internal standard working solution, defatted with acetonitrile-saturated n-hexane, and purified by Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) solid-phase extraction column, then separated by UPLC BEH shield RP18 column with 0.1% formic acid in water/0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile with gradient elution, which was detected in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The correlation coefficient of the standard curve equation is greater than 0.99, and the coefficient of variation within and between batches is less than 14.4%. We evaluated the analytical method using two green assessment tools. The method established in this study met the requirements of NSAID residue analysis and provides analytical tools for determining and confirming NSAIDs in swine tissue samples. This is the first report on the simultaneous determination of 10 NSAIDs in four swine tissues by the UPLC-MS/MS method and accurate quantification using deuterated internal standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sixuan Qian
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yani Gu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjie Huang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Michalaki A, Grintzalis K. Acute and Transgenerational Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Daphnia magna. TOXICS 2023; 11:320. [PMID: 37112547 PMCID: PMC10145367 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals pose a great threat to organisms inhabiting the aquatic environment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are major pharmaceutical pollutants with a significant presence in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, the impact of indomethacin and ibuprofen, two of the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs, was assessed on Daphnia magna. Toxicity was assessed as the immobilization of animals and used to determine non-lethal exposure concentrations. Feeding was assessed as a phenotypic endpoint and key enzymes were used as molecular endpoints of physiology. Feeding was decreased in mixture exposures for five-day-old daphnids and neonates. Furthermore, animals were exposed to NSAIDs and their mixture in chronic and transgenerational scenarios revealing changes in key enzyme activities. Alkaline and acid phosphatases, lipase, peptidase, β-galactosidase, and glutathione-S-transferase were shown to have significant changes in the first generation at the first and third week of exposure, and these were enhanced in the second generation. On the other hand, the third recovery generation did not exhibit these changes, and animals were able to recover from the induced changes and revert back to the control levels. Overall, our study points towards transgenerational exposures as more impactful laboratory studies to understand pharmaceutical stressors with a combination of molecular and phenotypic markers of physiology.
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Burket SR, Sims JL, Dorman R, Kemble N, Brunson E, Steevens JA, Brooks BW. Bioaccumulation Kinetics of Model Pharmaceuticals in the Freshwater Unionid Pondmussel, Sagittunio subrostratus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1183-1189. [PMID: 36808626 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of ionizable pharmaceuticals has been increasingly studied, with most reported aquatic tissue concentrations in field or laboratory experiments being from fish. However, higher levels of antidepressants have been observed in bivalves compared with fish from effluent-dominated and dependent surface waters. Such observations may be important for biodiversity because approximately 70% of freshwater bivalves in North America are considered to be vulnerable to extinction. Because experimental bioaccumulation information for freshwater bivalves is lacking, we examined accumulation dynamics in the freshwater pondmussel, Sagittunio subrostratus, following exposure to a model weak acid, acetaminophen (mean (±SD) = 4.9 ± 1 µg L-1 ), and a model weak base, sertraline (mean (±SD) = 1.1 ± 1.1 µg L-1 ) during 14-day uptake and 7-day depuration experiments. Pharmaceutical concentrations were analyzed in water and tissue using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mussels accumulated two orders of magnitude higher concentrations of sertraline (31.7 ± 9.4 µg g-1 ) compared to acetaminophen (0.3 ± 0.1 µg g-1 ). Ratio and kinetic-based bioaccumulation factors of 28,836.4 (L kg-1 ) and 34.9 (L kg-1 ) were calculated for sertraline and for acetaminophen at 65.3 (L kg-1 ) and 0.13 (L kg-1 ), respectively. However, after 14 days sertraline did not reach steady-state concentrations, although it was readily eliminated by S. subrostratus. Acetaminophen rapidly reached steady-state conditions but was not depurated over a 7-day period. Future bioaccumulation studies of ionizable pharmaceuticals in freshwater bivalves appear warranted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-7. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Texas, Waco, USA
| | - Jaylen L Sims
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Texas, Waco, USA
| | - Rebecca Dorman
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nile Kemble
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric Brunson
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffery A Steevens
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Texas, Waco, USA
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Vijaya Geetha B, Shreenidhi KS, Anand V, Savithakshini H, Subashini S. Pharmaceutical Drugs in Aquatic Environment and their Toxic Effect on <i>Pangasius sp.</i> : An Overview. Toxicol Int 2023. [DOI: 10.18311/ti/2022/v29i4/30376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fastest-growing freshwater fish varieties is the Pangasius sp., which has a great capability for production and export growth. When Pangasius sp. is exposed to substances such as diclofenac, phenol, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracycline, even at low environmental exposure levels the fish tissue can develop chronic risk, genetic abnormalities, and histopathological changes. They come into contact with these antibiotics mostly through the discharge of pharmaceutical industry effluents, which contain antibiotic residues that are not been completely eliminated by wastewater treatment, thereby posing environmental concerns when released into aquatic ecosystems. The main objective of this review paper is to study the effect of the concentration of pharmaceutical drugs, farming techniques, and various substitutes for antibiotics that can be utilized to enhance the growth performance of Pangasius sp. Few studies conducted on toxicity demonstrated that increased mucus production in the gills and intestines, histological abnormalities in the liver and skin, and impaired immunoglobulin production have all been linked to sublethal phenol concentrations in fish. The consumption of these contaminated Pangasius sp. can raise various human health concerns. Therefore, exposure of Pangasius sp. to the detrimental pharmaceutical drug from industrial effluent must be held serious concern. Further research is required to conserve human health and the ecosystem.
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Perfetti-Bolaño A, Muñoz K, Kolok AS, Araneda A, Barra RO. Analysis of the contribution of locally derived wastewater to the occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Antarctic coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158116. [PMID: 35988631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are emerging pollutants detected in many locations of the world including Antarctica. The main objective of this review is to discuss the influence of the human population on the concentration, distribution and biological effects of PPCPs across the Antarctic coastal marine ecosystem. We carried out a review of the scientific articles published for PPCPs in Antarctic, supported by the information of the Antarctic stations reported by Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (CONMAP), Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty (ATS). In addition, spatial data regarding the Antarctic continent was obtained from Quantarctica. Antarctic concentrations of PPCPs were more reflective of the treatment system used by research stations as opposed to the infrastructure built or the annual occupancy by station. The main problem is that most of the research stations lack tertiary treatment, resulting in elevated concentrations of PPCPs in effluents. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of Antarctic field stations in coastal areas allows for the release of PPCPs, directly into the sea, a practice that remains in compliance with the current Protocol. After their release, PPCPs can become incorporated into sea ice, which can then act as a chemical reservoir. In addition, there is no clarity on the effects on the local biota. Finally, we recommend regulating the entry and use of PPCPs in Antarctica given the difficulties of operating, and in some cases the complete absence of appropriate treatment systems. Further studies are needed on the fate, transport and biological effects of PPCPs on the Antarctic biota. It is recommended that research efforts be carried out in areas inhabited by humans to generate mitigation measures relative to potential adverse impacts. Tourism should be also considered in further studies due the temporal release of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Katherine Muñoz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau 76829, Germany
| | - Alan S Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 3002, Moscow, ID 83843, USA
| | - Alberto Araneda
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Ricardo O Barra
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio en Socio Ecología-Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
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Fehrenbach GW, Pogue R, Carter F, Clifford E, Rowan N. Implications for the seafood industry, consumers and the environment arising from contamination of shellfish with pharmaceuticals, plastics and potentially toxic elements: A case study from Irish waters with a global orientation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157067. [PMID: 35780875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish are a rich source of minerals, B-vitamins and omega-3 to the human diet. The global population is expected to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050 where there will be increased demand for shellfish and for sustained improvements in harvesting. The production of most consumed species of shellfish is sea-based and are thus susceptible to in situ environmental conditions and water quality. Population growth has contributed to expansion of urbanization and the generation of effluent and waste that reaches aquatic environments, potentially contaminating seafood by exposure to non-treated effluents or inappropriately discarded waste. Environmental contaminants as microplastics (MP), pharmaceuticals (PHAR) and potentially toxic contaminants (PTE) are being identified in all trophic levels and are a current threat to both shellfish and consumer safety. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, fertility reduction, mortality and bioaccumulation of PTE are representative examples of the variety of effects already established in contaminated shellfish. In humans, the consumption of contaminated shellfish can lead to neurological and developmental effects, reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders and in extreme cases, death. This timely review provides insights into the presence of MP, PHAR and PTE in shellfish, and estimate the daily intake and hazard quotient for consumption behaviours. Alternatives approaches for seafood depuration that encompass risk reduction are addressed, to reflect state of the art knowledge from a Republic of Ireland perspective. Review of best-published literature revealed that MP, PHAR and PTE contaminants were detected in commercialised species of shellfish, such as Crassostrea and Mytilus. The ability to accumulate these contaminants by shellfish due to feeding characteristics is attested by extensive in vitro studies. However, there is lack of knowledge surrounding the distribution of these contaminants in the aquatic environment their interactions with humans. Preventive approaches including risk assessment are necessary to safeguard the shellfish industry and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Waltzer Fehrenbach
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland.
| | - Robert Pogue
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland; Post-Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Frank Carter
- Coney Island Shellfish Ltd., Sligo F91YH56, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Clifford
- School of Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, H91HX31, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37 F6D7, Ireland; Empower Eco™ Sustainability Hub, Technological University of the Shannon - Midlands Midwest, N37F6D7, Ireland
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Zhang W, Tang Y, Han Y, Huang L, Zhou W, Zhou C, Hu Y, Lu R, Wang F, Shi W, Liu G. Immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol to a marine bivalve species and potential toxification mechanisms underpinning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129681. [PMID: 36104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in ocean environments threatens marine organisms. However, its effects on immunity of marine invertebrates at environmentally realistic levels are still largely unknown. In this study, the immunotoxicity of PCP to a representative bivalve species was evaluated. In addition, its impacts on metabolism, energy supply, detoxification, and oxidative stress status were also analysed by physiological examination as well as comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to reveal potential mechanisms underpinning. Results illustrated that the immunity of blood clams was evidently hampered upon PCP exposure. Additionally, significant alterations in energy metabolism were detected in PCP-exposed clams. Meanwhile, the expressions of key detoxification genes and the in vivo contents (or activity) of key detoxification enzymes were markedly altered. Exposure to PCP also triggered significant elevations in intracellular ROS and MDA whereas evident suppression of haemocyte viability. The abovementioned findings were further supported by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Our results suggest that PCP may hamper the immunity of the blood clam by (i) constraining the cellular energy supply through disrupting metabolism; and (ii) damaging haemocytes through inducing oxidative stress. Considering the high similarity of immunity among species, many marine invertebrates may be threatened by PCP, which deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhou
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Rongmao Lu
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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21
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Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory properties of green macroalga Codium tomentosum. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Madikizela LM, Ncube S. Health effects and risks associated with the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155780. [PMID: 35537516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are continuously invading the marine environment due to their input from the land such as their disposal into the drains and sewers which is mostly followed by their transfer into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Their incomplete removal in WWTPs introduces pharmaceuticals into oceans and surface water. To date, various pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been detected in marine environment. Their occurrence in marine organisms raises concerns regarding toxic effects and development of drug resistant genes. Therefore, it is crucial to review the health effects and risks associated with the presence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. This is an important study area which is related to the availability of seafood and its quality. Hence, this study provides a critical review of the information available in literature which relates to the occurrence and toxic effects of pharmaceuticals in marine organisms and seafood. This was initiated through conducting a literature search focussing on articles investigating the occurrence and effects of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. In general, most studies on the monitoring of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine environment are conducted in well developed countries such as Europe while research in developing countries is still limited. Pharmaceuticals present in freshwater are mostly found in seawater and marine organisms. Furthermore, the toxicity caused by different pharmaceutical mixtures was observed to be more severe than that of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O Box 60, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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23
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Pagano M, Savoca S, Impellitteri F, Albano M, Capillo G, Faggio C. Toxicological Evaluation of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Non-Target Organisms: Chronic Exposure on Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819). Front Physiol 2022; 13:920952. [PMID: 35899021 PMCID: PMC9309544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are now considered to be established contaminants, and their presence in water poses a real risk not only to the marine ecosystem, as they may adversely affect non-target organisms that are exposed to them, but also indirectly to humans. This is particularly true for the model organism considered in this work, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819), a suspensivore and bioaccumulating organism that enters the human food chain. Among the most commonly used over-the-counter medicines, anti-inflammatory drugs certainly feature prominently, with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at the top. In this work, M. galloprovincialis specimens were exposed to two concentrations of ASA (10 and 100 μg/L) for 10 and 20 days to evaluate possible alterations in the decrease in regulatory volume (RVD) in digestive gland cells and cell viability of both these cells and hemocytes. In addition, the histopathological condition index of the gills and digestive gland was evaluated. The data obtained showed that chronic exposure to ASA did not alter the cell viability of hemocytes and digestive gland cells but alters the physiological mechanisms of volume regulation in the digestive gland and, in addition, a time-dose reaction to ASA in the gills and digestive gland showing numerous alterations such as lipofuscin deposits and hemocyte infiltration was found. These results confirm the potential toxicity to the marine biota, highlighting the necessity to deepen the knowledge regarding the link between over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S. Savoca
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - F. Impellitteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M. Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G. Capillo
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Messina, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C. Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: C. Faggio,
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24
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Cunha SC, Menezes-Sousa D, Mello FV, Miranda JAT, Fogaca FHS, Alonso MB, Torres JPM, Fernandes JO. Survey on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in seafood: Occurrence and distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112886. [PMID: 35150711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the marine environment pose а potential risk to both wildlife and human health. The occurrence of EDCs in seafood depends of several factors such as source and amounts of EDCs that reach the aquatic environment, physicochemical features of EDCs, and its accumulation in trophic chain. This review highlights the occurrence and distribution of EDCs along the seafood in the last 6 years. The following EDCs were included in this review: brominated flame retardants (PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA, and novel flame retardants); pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine), bisphenols, hormones, personal care products (Musk and UV Filters), and pesticides (organochlorides, organophosphates, and pyrethroids). Some of them were found above the threshold that may cause negative effects on human, animal, and environmental health. More control in some countries, as well as new legislation and inspection over the purchase, sale, use, and production of these compounds, are urgently needed. This review provides data to support risk assessment and raises critical gaps to stimulate and improve future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Dhoone Menezes-Sousa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Mello
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joyce A T Miranda
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiola H S Fogaca
- Bioacessiblity Laboratory, Embrapa Agroindustria de Alimentos, Av. Das Americas, 29501, 23020-470, Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Micropollutants Laboratory Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS - Bl. G, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Bustos E, Sandoval-González A, Martínez-Sánchez C. Detection and Treatment of Persistent Pollutants in Water: General Review of Pharmaceutical Products. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroq76703México 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Antonia Sandoval-González
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Carolina Martínez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
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26
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Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Hormetic dose responses induced by organic flame retardants in aquatic animals: Occurrence and quantification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153295. [PMID: 35065129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic flame retardants (OFRs) have attracted global concerns due to their potential toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the aquatic environment. Hormesis refers to a biphasic dose response, characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study provided substantial evidence for the widespread occurrence of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals, including 202 hormetic dose response relationships. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly lower than 160% of the control response, with a combined value of 134%. Furthermore, the magnitude of MAX varied significantly among multiple factors and their interactions, such as chemical types and taxonomic groups. Moreover, the distance from the dose of MAX to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) (NOAEL: MAX) was typically below 10-fold (median = 6-fold), while the width of the hormetic zone (from the lowest dose inducing hormesis to the NOAEL) was approximately 20-fold. Collectively, the quantitative features of OFRs-induced hormesis in aquatic animals were in accordance with the broader hormetic literature. In addition, the implications of hormetic dose response model for the risk assessment of OFRs were discussed. This study offered a novel insight for understanding the biological effects of low-to-high doses of OFRs on aquatic animals and assessing the potential risks of OFRs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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27
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Paracetamol in Aqueous Medium Using TiO2 Prepared by the Sol–Sel Method. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092904. [PMID: 35566255 PMCID: PMC9099495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two titania photocatalysts have been prepared using the sol-gel method using TiCl4 as a precursor, and two different alcohols, namely, ethanol or propanol (Et or Pr). The main aim of this work was to study the effect of the nature of the alcohol on the chemical, structural and photocatalytic properties for paracetamol photodegradation of the final solids. The TiCl4/alcohol molar ratio to obtain the corresponding alkoxides (TiEt and TiPr) was 1/10. These alkoxides were calcined at 400 °C to prepare the oxide catalysts (named as TiEt400 and TiPr400). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) of the original samples showed the presence of anatase diffraction peaks in sample TiPr, while TiEt is a completely amorphous material. Contrary to commercial TiO2-P25, the PXRD diagrams of the calcined samples showed anatase as the exclusive crystalline phase in both solids. The specific surface area (SBET) of sample TiPr400 was larger than that of sample TiEt400, and both larger than that of TiO2-P25. The three solids have been tested in the photodegradation of paracetamol in aqueous solution. It has been established that the alcohol used influences the properties and catalytic activity of the final oxides. The synthesized solids exhibit a higher activity than commercial TiO2-P25, because of their structural characteristics and larger SBET.
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28
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Morozov AA, Berezina NA, Sladkova SV, Chernova EN, Yurchenko VV. Biochemical and respiratory parameters in a gastropod Radix balthica exposed to diclofenac. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109240. [PMID: 34752897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails. Acetylcholinesterase activity was induced by the end of exposure, with the most pronounced increase at 3 μg/L. Results on glutathione-S-transferase activity were nonuniform, and no significant variations were observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, indicating that diclofenac did not cause oxidative stress in the digestive gland of R. balthica at 0.04-4 μg/L range. Diclofenac lowered the oxygen consumption rate in snails in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations ≥0.9 μg/L, animals attempted to switch aquatic respiration to breathing air to regulate their metabolic needs. The study showed that diclofenac at environmentally relevant concentrations affected the fitness of R. balthica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Berezina
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Sladkova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Chernova
- St Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 14th Line V.O. 39, St. Petersburg 199178, Russia
| | - Victoria V Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia
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29
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Abend M, Blakely WF, Ostheim P, Schuele S, Port M. Early molecular markers for retrospective biodosimetry and prediction of acute health effects. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:010503. [PMID: 34492641 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced biological changes occurring within hours and days after irradiation can be potentially used for either exposure reconstruction (retrospective dosimetry) or the prediction of consecutively occurring acute or chronic health effects. The advantage of molecular protein or gene expression (GE) (mRNA) marker lies in their capability for early (1-3 days after irradiation), high-throughput and point-of-care diagnosis, required for the prediction of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in radiological or nuclear scenarios. These molecular marker in most cases respond differently regarding exposure characteristics such as e.g. radiation quality, dose, dose rate and most importantly over time. Changes over time are in particular challenging and demand certain strategies to deal with. With this review, we provide an overview and will focus on already identified and used mRNA GE and protein markers of the peripheral blood related to the ARS. These molecules are examined in light of 'ideal' characteristics of a biomarkers (e.g. easy accessible, early response, signal persistency) and the validation degree. Finally, we present strategies on the use of these markers considering challenges as their variation over time and future developments regarding e.g. origin of samples, point of care and high-throughput diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - W F Blakely
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - P Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S Schuele
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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30
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Wang X, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Meng F. Antibiotics in mariculture systems: A review of occurrence, environmental behavior, and ecological effects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118541. [PMID: 34800588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely applied to prevent and treat diseases occurred in mariculture. The often-open nature of mariculture production systems has led to antibiotic residue accumulation in the culturing and adjacent environments, which can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems, and even human. This review summarizes the occurrence, environmental behavior, and ecological effects of antibiotics in mariculture systems based on peer-reviewed papers. Forty-five different antibiotics (categorized into ten groups) have been detected in mariculture systems around the world, which is far greater than the number officially allowed. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics is relatively high among major producing countries in Asia, which highlights the need for stricter enforcement of regulations and policies and effective antibiotic removal methods. Compared with other environmental systems, some environmental characteristics of mariculture systems, such as high salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, can affect the migration and transformation processes of antibiotics. Residues of antibiotics favor the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotics and ARGs alter microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles, as well as posing threats to marine organisms and human health. This review may provide a valuable summary of the effects of antibiotics on mariculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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31
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Mezzelani M, Regoli F. The Biological Effects of Pharmaceuticals in the Marine Environment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:105-128. [PMID: 34425054 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040821-075606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pharmaceuticals represent a threat of emerging concern for marine ecosystems. Widely distributed and bioaccumulated, these contaminants could provoke adverse effects on aquatic organisms through modes of action like those reported for target species. In contrast to pharmacological uses, organisms in field conditions are exposed to complex mixtures of compounds with similar, different, or even opposing therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge of the main cellular pathways modulated by the most common classes of environmental pharmaceuticals occurring in marine ecosystems and accumulated by nontarget species-including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric drugs, cardiovascular and lipid regulator agents, steroidal hormones, and antibiotics-and describes an intricate network of possible interactions with both synergistic and antagonistic effects on the same cellular targets and metabolic pathways. This complexity reveals the intrinsic limits of the single-chemical approach to predict the long-term consequences and future impact of pharmaceuticals at organismal, population, and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; ,
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; ,
- Fano Marine Center, 61032 Fano, Italy
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32
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Dos S Grignet R, Barros MGA, Panatta AAS, Bernal SPF, Ottoni JR, Passarini MRZ, da C S Gonçalves C. Medicines as an emergent contaminant: the review of microbial biodegration potential. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:157-174. [PMID: 34978661 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging environmental contaminants, such as medicine waste, are of great concern to the scientific community and to the local environmental and health departments because of their potential long-term effects and ecotoxicological risk. Besides the prolonged use of medicines for the development of modern society, the elucidation of their effect on the ecosystem is relatively recent. Medicine waste and its metabolites can, for instance, cause alterations in microbial dynamics and disturb fish behavior. Bioremediation is an efficient and eco-friendly technology that appears as a suitable alternative to conventional methods of water waste and sludge treatment and has the capacity to remove or reduce the presence of emerging contaminants. Thus, this review has the objective of compiling information on environmental contamination by common medicines and their microbial biodegradation, focusing on five therapeutic classes: analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and contraceptives. Their effects in the environment will also be analyzed, as well as the possible routes of degradation by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Dos S Grignet
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Maria G A Barros
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Andressa A S Panatta
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Suzan P F Bernal
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Julia R Ottoni
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Michel R Z Passarini
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil
| | - Caroline da C S Gonçalves
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida E da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu - PR, 85870-650, Brazil.
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33
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Chaves MDJS, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Emerging contaminants in Brazilian aquatic environment: identifying targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67528-67543. [PMID: 34258704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown the presence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in the Brazilian environment in recent decades, several biological effects on the aquatic ecosystem are unknown. Brazil is the fifth largest country in extension in the world, and its wide territory presents geographic regions with diverse demographic and economic characteristics. In order to identify targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk, available data from previous studies were examined to conduct environmental risk analysis and provide a ranking of CECs in Brazilian aquatic environment based on environmental concentration measured in the last 10 years. The results indicate that 17α-ethynylestradiol, 17ß-estradiol, acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, methylparaben, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan are the CECs that represent the greatest threats to the Brazilian environment. Therefore, these contaminants should be considered as a priority in future monitoring studies. Besides, identification of target monitoring compounds can facilitate the selection of pollutant candidates in future legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa de Jesus Silva Chaves
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
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Archer E, Volschenk M, Brocker L, Wolfaardt GM. A two-year study of emerging micro-pollutants and drugs of abuse in two Western Cape wastewater treatment works (South Africa). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131460. [PMID: 34265704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence and fate of fourteen contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at two South African wastewater treatment works (WWTW). Daily loads of the drug targets were calculated in the aqueous phase of influent- and effluent wastewater to evaluate their fate at the treatment works, along with population-normalised daily loads in raw influent wastewater to identify community-wide substance use patterns in the two study areas. Environmental risk characterisation of the CECs at WWTW effluent discharge was done using conventional risk quotient (RQ) estimations. A significant reduction of most CECs was observed at both WWTW locations, except for some that have been previously recorded to persist through various WWTW processes globally, including the illicit drug methaqualone that was reported here for the first time to evaluate its fate during wastewater treatment, substance use trends, and potential toxicological risk. Moderate-to high-RQs were estimated for several target CECs during the sampling period for both treatment facilities. The results presented here suggest the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to WWTW monitoring of CECs and highlight the need for further refinement of risk assessment approaches to mitigate recalcitrant- or pseudo-persistent CECs in wastewater discharge. Such refinement should include: (1) identifying the potential ecological risk on a wider range of sentinel indicators, (2) interaction of CECs with various biochemical pathways (including sub-lethal toxicity responses), (3) identifying the persistence and toxicological risks of breakdown products and (4) partitioning of CECs in the aqueous environment and/or bioaccumulation in freshwater biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Archer
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Mercia Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; City of Cape Town Municipality, Scientific Services, Athlone, Cape Town, 7764, South Africa
| | - Ludwig Brocker
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Queirós V, Azeiteiro UM, Barata C, Santos JL, Alonso E, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Effects of the antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide on the biochemical responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis under different temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117735. [PMID: 34271515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy treatments with high consumption rates and that has been detected in the aquatic environment. After being released into the aquatic environment, CP may cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms since antineoplastics are well-known cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic drugs. Moreover, predicted environmental changes, such as the temperature rising, may alter the impacts caused by CP on organisms. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effects caused by CP chronic exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, under actual and predicted warming scenarios. Organisms were exposed for 28 days to different concentrations of CP (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng/L) at control (17 ± 1.0 °C) and increased (21 ± 1.0 °C) temperatures. Biochemical responses related to metabolic capacity, energy reserves, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were assessed. The results showed that the organisms were able to maintain their metabolic capacity under all exposure conditions. However, their antioxidant defense mechanisms were activated mostly at higher CP concentrations being able to prevent cellular damage, even under the warming scenario. Overall, the present findings suggest that temperature rise may not alter the impacts of CP towards M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Queirós
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ulisses M Azeiteiro
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Bevilacqua S, Airoldi L, Ballesteros E, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Boero F, Bulleri F, Cebrian E, Cerrano C, Claudet J, Colloca F, Coppari M, Di Franco A, Fraschetti S, Garrabou J, Guarnieri G, Guerranti C, Guidetti P, Halpern BS, Katsanevakis S, Mangano MC, Micheli F, Milazzo M, Pusceddu A, Renzi M, Rilov G, Sarà G, Terlizzi A. Mediterranean rocky reefs in the Anthropocene: Present status and future concerns. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2021; 89:1-51. [PMID: 34583814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global change is striking harder and faster in the Mediterranean Sea than elsewhere, where high levels of human pressure and proneness to climate change interact in modifying the structure and disrupting regulative mechanisms of marine ecosystems. Rocky reefs are particularly exposed to such environmental changes with ongoing trends of degradation being impressive. Due to the variety of habitat types and associated marine biodiversity, rocky reefs are critical for the functioning of marine ecosystems, and their decline could profoundly affect the provision of essential goods and services which human populations in coastal areas rely upon. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the status of rocky reefs, trends in human-driven changes undermining their integrity, and current and upcoming management and conservation strategies, attempting a projection on what could be the future of this essential component of Mediterranean marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Stazione Idrobiologica di Chioggia "Umberto D'Ancona", Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Colloca
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Coppari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Guarnieri
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Trombini C, Kazakova J, Montilla-López A, Fernández-Cisnal R, Hampel M, Fernández-Torres R, Bello-López MÁ, Abril N, Blasco J. Assessment of pharmaceutical mixture (ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin and flumequine) effects to the crayfish Procambarus clarkii: A multilevel analysis (biochemical, transcriptional and proteomic approaches). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111396. [PMID: 34062201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms has been increasing in the last decade. However, due to the variety of compounds presents in the aquatic medium, exposure scenarios and exposed organisms, there are still many gaps in the knowledge on how mixtures of such bioactive compounds affect exposed non target organisms. The crayfish Procambarus clarkii was used to analyze the toxicity effects of mixtures of ciprofloxacin, flumequine and ibuprofen at low and high concentrations (10 and 100 μg/L) over 21 days of exposure and to assess the recovery capacity of the organism after a depuration phase following exposure during additional 7 days in clean water. The crayfish accumulated the three compounds throughout the entire exposure in the hepatopancreas. The exposure to the mixture altered the abundance of proteins associated with different cells functions such as biotransformation and detoxification processes (i.e. catalase and glutathione transferase), carbohydrate metabolism and immune responses. Additionally changes in expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and in activity of the corresponding enzymes (i.e. superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase) were reported. Alterations at different levels of biological organization did not run in parallel under all circumstances and can be related to changes in the redox status of the target tissue. No differences were observed between control and exposed organisms for most of selected endpoints after a week of depuration, indicating that exposure to the drug mixture did not produce permanent damage in the hepatopancreas of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trombini
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Julia Kazakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Montilla-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Cisnal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Rut Fernández-Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
| | | | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Kim SH, Nam KW, Allam B, Choi KS, Park KH, Park KI. Quantification of the inflammatory responses to pro-and anti-inflammatory agents in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:22-26. [PMID: 34052388 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a form of innate immune response of living organisms to harmful stimuli. In marine bivalves, inflammation is a common defense mechanism. Several studies have investigated the morphological features of inflammation in bivalves, such as hemocyte infiltration. However, the molecular and biochemical responses associated with inflammation in marine bivalves remain unexplored. Here, we investigated changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) activity, and allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) gene expression levels in hemolymph samples collected from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) exposed to pro- and anti-inflammatory substances. These included the pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen and diclofenac, all widely used in vertebrates. Our study showed that NO levels, COX-2 activity, and AIF-1 expression increased in response to the treatments with LPS and decreased in response to the treatments with NSAIDs in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the mechanism of inflammatory responses in bivalves is very similar to that of vertebrates, and we propose that inflammatory responses can be quantified using these techniques and used to determine the physiological status of marine bivalves exposed to biotic or abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Nam
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Ha Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea.
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Tarazona JV, Martínez M, Martínez MA, Anadón A. Environmental impact assessment of COVID-19 therapeutic solutions. A prospective analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146257. [PMID: 33721651 PMCID: PMC7943388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several medicinal products for human use are currently under consideration as potential treatment for COVID-19 pandemic. As proposals cover also prophylactic use, the treatment could be massive, resulting in unprecedent levels of antiviral emissions to the aquatic environment. We have adapted previous models and used available information for predicting the environmental impact of representative medicinal products, covering the main groups under consideration: multitarget antiparasitic (chloroquines and ivermectin), glucocorticoids, macrolide antibiotics and antiviral drugs including their pharmacokinetic boosters. The retrieved information has been sufficient for conducting a conventional environmental risk assessment for the group of miscellaneous medicines; results suggest low concern for the chloroquines and dexamethasone while very high impact for ivermectin and azithromycin, even at use levels well below the default value of 1% of the population. The information on the ecotoxicity of the antiviral medicines is very scarce, thus we have explored an innovative pharmacodynamic-based approach, combining read-across, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) in vitro data, pharmacological modes of action, and the observed adverse effects. The results highlight fish sublethal effects as the most sensitive target and identify possible concerns. These results offer guidance for minimizing the environmental risk of treatment medication for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Tarazona
- Royal Academy of Veterinary Sciences of Spain (RACVE), Maestro Ripoll, 8, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, I-43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Royal Academy of Veterinary Sciences of Spain (RACVE), Maestro Ripoll, 8, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Queirós V, Azeiteiro UM, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. The antineoplastic drugs cyclophosphamide and cisplatin in the aquatic environment - Review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125028. [PMID: 33951853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) and Cisplatin (CDDP) are antineoplastic drugs widely used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases that have been detected in the aquatic environment. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the presence in the aquatic environment of these two drugs and their effects on freshwater and marine invertebrates, which includes good model species in ecotoxicology and risk assessment programs. The consumption levels, occurrence in freshwater and marine ecosystems, and the impacts exerted on aquatic organisms, even at low concentrations, justifies this review and the selection of these two drugs. Both pharmaceuticals were detected in different aquatic environments, with concentrations ranging from ng L-1 up to 687.0 μg L-1 (CP) and 250 μg L-1 (CDDP). The available studies showed that CP and CDDP induce individual and sub-individual impacts on aquatic invertebrate species. The most common effects reported were changes in the reproductive function, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The literature used in this review supports the need to increase monitoring studies concerning the occurrence of antineoplastic drugs in the aquatic environment since negative effects have been reported even at trace concentrations (ng L-1). Furthermore, marine ecosystems should be considered as a priority since less is known on the occurrence and effects of antineoplastic drugs in this environment comparing to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Queirós
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal.
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Ungur RA, Ciortea VM, Irsay L, Ciubean AD, Năsui BA, Codea RA, Singurean VE, Groza OB, Căinap S, Martiș (Petruț) GS, Borda C, Borda IM. Can Ultrasound Therapy Be an Environmental-Friendly Alternative to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2715. [PMID: 34064094 PMCID: PMC8196736 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most used drugs in knee OA (osteoarthritis) treatment. Despite their efficiency in pain and inflammation alleviation, NSAIDs accumulate in the environment as chemical pollutants and have numerous genetic, morphologic, and functional negative effects on plants and animals. Ultrasound (US) therapy can improve pain, inflammation, and function in knee OA, without impact on environment, and with supplementary metabolic beneficial effects on cartilage compared to NSAIDs. These features recommend US therapy as alternative for NSAIDs use in knee OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Viorela Mihaela Ciortea
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Laszlo Irsay
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Alina Deniza Ciubean
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Bogdana Adriana Năsui
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Andrei Codea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Victoria Emilia Singurean
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Oana Bianca Groza
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
| | - Simona Căinap
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Cristin Borda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (L.I.); (A.D.C.); (V.E.S.); (O.B.G.); (I.M.B.)
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42
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Rajivgandhi GN, Kanisha CC, Ramachandran G, Manoharan N, Mothana RA, Siddiqui NA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Ullah R, Almarfadi OM. Phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity of Sargassum wightii enhances the anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1763-1769. [PMID: 33732060 PMCID: PMC7938186 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical, phenolic, flavonoid and bioactive compounds were successfully screened from crude extract of Sargassum wightii by LC-MS analysis after NIST interpretation. Bacterial growth inhibition study result was shown with 24 mm zone inhibition at 200 µg/mL concentration against P. aeruginosa. The increased phenolic content was much closed to gallic acid and the range was observed at 250 μg/mL concentration. In addition, flavonoid contents of the algae extract was indicated more significant with rutin at 200 μg/mL. In result, both the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were more correlated with gallic acid and rutin. Further, the total anti-oxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities were shown increased activity at 200 μg/mL concentrations. Furthermore, the excellent anti-bacterial alteration result was observed at 200 μg/mL concentration by minimum inhibition concentration. Therefore, the result was revealed that the marine algae Sargassum wightii has excellent phytochemical and anti-oxidant activities, and it has improved anti-bacterial activity against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Govindan Ramachandran
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Manoharan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan J Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer M Almarfadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wu Q, Zhang Z. WITHDRAWN: Fabrication of erbium and nitrogen modified TiO 2/diatomaceous earth as a sunlight-driven floating photocatalyst for ibuprofen mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020:110475. [PMID: 33197419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. Zhaohong Zhang is listed as an author on the manuscript but has informed the journal that this occurred without their consent or knowledge of the submission, and the email address provided was fake. Zhaohong Zhang does not support the scientific conclusions of the article. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
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