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Saxena P, Kumar A, Muzammil M, Bojjagani S, Patel DK, Kumari A, Khan AH, Kisku GC. Spatio-temporal distribution and source contributions of the ambient pollutants in Lucknow city, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:693. [PMID: 38963455 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Clean air is imperative to the survival of all life forms on the planet. However, recent times have witnessed enormous escalation in urban pollution levels. It is therefore, incumbent upon us to decipher measures to deal with it. In perspective, the present study was carried out to assess PM10 and PM2.5 loading, metallic constituents, gaseous pollutants, source contributions, health impact and noise level of nine-locations, grouped as residential, commercial, and industrial in Lucknow city for 2019-21. Mean concentrations during pre-monsoon for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 were: 138.2 ± 35.2, 69.1 ± 13.6, 8.5 ± 3.3 and 32.3 ± 7.4 µg/m3, respectively, whereas post-monsoon concentrations were 143.0 ± 33.3, 74.6 ± 14.5, 12.5 ± 2.1, and 35.5 ± 6.3 µg/m3, respectively. Exceedance percentage of pre-monsoon PM10 over National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) was 38.2% while that for post-monsoon was 43.0%; whereas corresponding values for PM2.5 were 15.2% and 24.3%. Post-monsoon season showed higher particulate loading owing to wintertime inversion and high humidity conditions. Order of elements associated with PM2.5 is Co < Cd < Cr < Ni < V < Be < Mo < Mn < Ti < Cu < Pb < Se < Sr < Li < B < As < Ba < Mg < Al < Zn < Ca < Fe < K < Na and that with PM10 is Co < Cd < Ni < Cr < V < Ti < Be < Mo < Cu < Pb < Se < Sr < Li < B < As < Mn < Ba < Mg < Al < Fe < Zn < K < Na < Ca. WHO AIRQ + ascertained 1654, 144 and 1100 attributable cases per 0.1 million of population to PM10 exposure in 2019-21. Source apportionment was carried out using USEPA-PMF and resolved 6 sources with highest percent contributions including road dust re-entrainment, biomass burning and vehicular emission. It is observed that residents of Lucknow city regularly face exposure to particulate pollutants and associated constituents making it imperative to develop pollution abetment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Saxena
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Muzammil
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sreekanth Bojjagani
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Chemistry Division, ASSIST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alka Kumari
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Altaf Husain Khan
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Kisku
- Environmental Monitoring Division, FEST, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31-Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang J, Li J, Li X, Wang D, Fang C. Relationship between ozone and air temperature in future conditions: A case study in sichuan basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123276. [PMID: 38160770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Sichuan Basin (SCB) is located in southwestern China and has a unique topography where ozone (O3) pollution is frequent during summer. Few studies have clarified the relationship between O3 and air temperature in SCB. Here, the SCB was divided into four major urban agglomerations. The weather research and forecasting model-community multiscale air quality model (WRF-CMAQ) was used to analyze the meteorology, spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants, and interactions among the urban agglomerations in the SCB. WRF-CMAQ was used to study the historical changes in the climate penalty factor (CPF) from 2015 to 2020 and the climate pathways under the SSP2-4.5 CPF in values in 2030 for the ambitious pollution NDC-goal scenario (NDC) and current-goals scenario (Current). The results show that the SCB is warmer in the summer months with prevailing northeasterly winds. Ozone accumulated in the western part of the SCB, and a high CPF of O3 concentration was most prominent in NW urban agglomeration, where the O3 concentration increased by 4.12-5.40 ppb for every 1 °C increase in air temperature. The observed CPF in the SCB in 2020 averaged 3.64 ppb/°C. The average CPF in the SCB in 2030 was 1.152 ppb/°C under the NDC scenario and 1.269 ppb/°C under the current scenario. This study is critical for understanding the relationship between O3 concentration and air temperature in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chunsheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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3
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Zhang J, Chen C, Su Y, Guo W, Fu X, Long Y, Peng X, Zhang W, Huang X, Wang G. Characterization of summertime single aerosol particles in Chengdu (China): Interannual evolution and impact of COVID-19 lockdown. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167765. [PMID: 37832658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the interannual evolution of air pollution in summer and the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on local pollution in Chengdu, China, single aerosol particles were continuously measured in three summer periods: the regular period in 2020 (RP2020); the regular period in 2022 (RP2022); and the lockdown period in 2022 (LP2022). It was found that, from RP2020 to RP2022, the mass concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 decreased by 25.6 %, 24.7 %, 28.8 % and 38.5 %, respectively, while the concentration of O3 increased by 11.0 %. Affected by regional transport, there was no significant decrease in the concentrations of various pollutants during LP2022. All single aerosol particles could be classified into seven categories: vehicle emissions (VE), dust, biomass burning (BB), coal combustion (CC), K mixed with sulfate (KSO4), K mixed with nitrate (KNO3) and K mixed with sulfate and nitrate (KSN) particles. From RP2020 to RP2022, the contributions of BB and CC particles decreased by 12.1 % and 0.9 %, respectively, while VE and dust particles increased by 3.6 % and 2.5 %, respectively; and compared to RP2022, the contributions of VE, dust and CC particles in LP2022 decreased by 22.2 %, 11.0 % and 12.7 %, respectively. The high PM2.5 pollution events in RP2020 and RP2022 were mainly caused by combustion sources (BB and CC, 51.6 %) and VE (38.3 %) particles, respectively, while the pollution event in LP2022 was contributed by BB (27.0 %) and secondary inorganic (KSO4, KNO3 and KSN, 60.2 %) particles. The formation mechanisms of different pollution events were further validated by WRF-Chem results. Although the potential source areas of particles showed a shrinking trend from RP2020 to RP2022, regional transport still caused high PM2.5 pollution events during LP2022. Photochemical processes dominated the formation of KSO4 particles, while the KNO3 and KSN particles were mainly generated by liquid-phase reactions, and this effect increased year by year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Chunying Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yunfei Su
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Wenkai Guo
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xinyi Fu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yuhan Long
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xiaoxue Peng
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Morantes G, Jones B, Molina C, Sherman MH. Harm from Residential Indoor Air Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:242-257. [PMID: 38150532 PMCID: PMC10785761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a health-centered approach to quantify and compare the chronic harm caused by indoor air contaminants using disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). The aim is to understand the chronic harm caused by airborne contaminants in dwellings and identify the most harmful. Epidemiological and toxicological evidence of population morbidity and mortality is used to determine harm intensities, a metric of chronic harm per unit of contaminant concentration. Uncertainty is evaluated in the concentrations of 45 indoor air contaminants commonly found in dwellings. Chronic harm is estimated from the harm intensities and the concentrations. The most harmful contaminants in dwellings are PM2.5, PM10-2.5, NO2, formaldehyde, radon, and O3, accounting for over 99% of total median harm of 2200 DALYs/105 person/year. The chronic harm caused by all airborne contaminants in dwellings accounts for 7% of the total global burden from all diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giobertti Morantes
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Constanza Molina
- Escuela
de Construcción Civil, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Max H. Sherman
- Department
of Architecture and Built Environment, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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Liao Q, Li Z, Li Y, Dai X, Kang N, Niu Y, Tao Y. Specific analysis of PM 2.5-attributed disease burden in typical areas of Northwest China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1338305. [PMID: 38192558 PMCID: PMC10771959 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1338305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frequent air pollution events in Northwest China pose a serious threat to human health. However, there is a lack of specific differences assessment in PM2.5-related disease burden. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the PM2.5-related premature deaths and health economic losses in this typical northwest region, taking into account disease-specific, age-specific, and region-specific factors. Methods We utilized the WRF-Chem model to simulate and analyze the characteristics and exposure levels of PM2.5 pollution in Gansu Province, a typical region of Northwest China. Subsequently, we estimated the premature mortality and health economic losses associated with PM2.5 by combining the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) and the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). Results The results suggested that the PM2.5 concentrations in Gansu Province in 2019 varied spatially, with a decrease from north to south. The number of non-accidental deaths attributable to PM2.5 pollution was estimated to be 14,224 (95% CI: 11,716-16,689), accounting for 8.6% of the total number of deaths. The PM2.5-related health economic loss amounted to 28.66 (95% CI: 23.61-33.63) billion yuan, equivalent to 3.3% of the regional gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke were the leading causes of PM2.5-attributed deaths, contributing to 50.6% of the total. Older adult individuals aged 60 and above accounted for over 80% of all age-related disease deaths. Lanzhou had a higher number of attributable deaths and health economic losses compared to other regions. Although the number of PM2.5-attributed deaths was lower in the Hexi Corridor region, the per capita health economic loss was higher. Conclusion Gansu Province exhibits distinct regional characteristics in terms of PM2.5 pollution as well as disease- and age-specific health burdens. This highlights the significance of implementing tailored measures that are specific to local conditions to mitigate the health risks and economic ramifications associated with PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenglei Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yibo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Anbari K, Sicard P, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Raja Naqvi H, Rashidi R. Assessing the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air quality change and human health outcomes in a capital city, southwestern Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1716-1727. [PMID: 36099327 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aimsof this study were to assess the spatial variation of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 between 2019 (before) and 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic); and calculation the health outcomes of exposure to these pollutants. The daily PM2.5, NO2, and O3 concentrations were applied to assess health effects by relative risk, and baseline incidence. The annual PM2.5 and NO2 mean concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline values, while O3 did not exceed. The restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 led to reduction at the annual means of PM2.5 and NO2 by -25.5% and -23.1%, respectively, while the annual mean of O3 increased by +7.9%. The number of M-CVD and M-RD (-25.6%, -26.1%) related to PM2.5 exposure, and HA-COPD and HA-RD >65 years old (-21% and -3.84%) related to NO2 exposure were reduced in 2020, and O3 exposure-related M-CVD (+30.1%) and HA-RD >65 years old (+23.4%) increased compared to the previous year 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Anbari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hasan Raja Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajab Rashidi
- Department of Occupational Health, Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Guan Y, Rong B, Kang L, Zhang N, Qin C. Measuring the urban-rural and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the drivers of PM 2.5-attributed health burdens in China from 2008 to 2021 using high-resolution dataset. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118940. [PMID: 37741197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has been considered a driver of PM2.5 pollution and the attributed health burden. This study systematically measured the spatiotemporal and urban-rural heterogeneity of PM2.5-attributed health burden drivers, including income, population, baseline mortality rate, and PM2.5 level. The results reveal the significantly positive contribution of disposable income and the periodical and urban-rural differentiation of population contribution to PM2.5-attributed health burden. The difference in driver performance due to socioeconomic development and urbanization stages might be an important determinant for different or even opposite results of previous studies. Policymaking for mitigating PM2.5-attributed health risk could incorporate the re-assessment and driver determination for PM2.5-attributed health burden into the construction and development plan from the overall urbanization perspective. The urbanization-perspective driver decomposition could be synergized with the flow analysis, equality evaluation, and policy benefit estimation to achieve further direction-determining and quantitative assessment of the urban-rural PM2.5 health risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guan
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China; Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Bing Rong
- Center of Environmental Status and Plan Assessment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.
| | - Changbo Qin
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.
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Li Y, Ma L, Ni M, Bai Y, Li C. Drivers of ozone-related premature mortality in China: Implications for historical and future scenarios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118663. [PMID: 37487454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) poses a severe public health threat in China. However, the drivers of premature mortality caused by O3 pollution are still poorly constrained, despite being prerequisites for addressing the threat. Here, we demonstrate the contributions of historical and future changes in peak-season O3, population size, age structure, and baseline mortality to China's O3-related mortality using decomposition analysis. From 2013 to 2021, O3-related mortality decreased dramatically from 78.8 (40.8-124.6) to 68.7 (36.0-107.2) thousand, especially in densely populated areas with high pollution. Variations in peak-season O3, population size, age structure, and baseline mortality led to changes in O3-related mortality of +27.3 (14.8-41.3), +2.6 (1.4-4.1), +22.3 (11.5-35.2), and -40.3 (20.9-63.7) thousand, respectively. The influence of peak-season O3 on O3-related mortality shifted from positive during 2013-2019 (+8.4% per year) to negative during 2019-2021 (-8.8% per year), which highly regulated the interannual trend of mortality. From 2021 to 2035, O3-related mortality is expected to increase by 31% in the current context of peak-season O3 levels, primarily caused by increased aging. Even reducing peak-season O3 to the WHO interim target 1 (IT-1) would only reduce O3-related mortality by 3.9%, while a more rigorous standard (IT-2) would prevent 83.7% of mortality. These findings suggest that improving ambient O3 can lead to significant health benefits, but substantial mitigation strategies are merited given the future trend of population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-Environmental Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China.
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9
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Qin P, Li H, Jiao H, Wei J. Estimation of health risk and economic loss attributable to PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution in Jilin Province, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17717. [PMID: 37853161 PMCID: PMC10584970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), pose significant risks to both public health and economic development. In recent years, PM2.5 concentration in China has decreased significantly, whereas that of O3 has increased rapidly, leading to considerable health risks. In this study, a generalized additive model was employed to establish the relationship of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with non-accidental mortality across 17 districts and counties in Jilin Province, China, over 2015-2016. The health burden and economic losses attributable to PM2.5 and O3 were assessed using high-resolution satellite and population data. According to the results, per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations related to an overall relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 1.004 (1.001-1.007) and 1.009 (1.005-1.012), respectively. In general, the spatial distribution of mortality and economic losses was uneven. Throughout the study period, a total of 23,051.274 mortalities and 27,825.015 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) in economic losses were attributed to O3 exposure, which considerably surpassing the 5,450.716 mortalities and 6,553,780 million CNY in economic losses attributed to PM2.5 exposure. The O3-related health risks and economic losses increased by 3.75% and 9.3% from 2015 to 2016, while those linked to PM2.5 decreased by 23.33% and 18.7%. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that changes in pollutant concentrations were the major factors affecting mortality rather than baseline mortality and population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanci Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- Meteorological Observatory, Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 20740, USA
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Mu X, Wang S, Jiang P, Wu Y. Estimation of surface ozone concentration over Jiangsu province using a high-performance deep learning model. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 132:122-133. [PMID: 37336603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the global background concentration of ozone (O3) has demonstrated a rising trend. Among various methods, groun-based monitoring of O3 concentrations is highly reliable for research analysis. To obtain information on the spatial characteristics of O3 concentrations, it is necessary that the ground monitoring sites be constructed in sufficient density. In recent years, many researchers have used machine learning models to estimate surface O3 concentrations, which cannot fully provide the spatial and temporal information contained in a sample dataset. To solve this problem, the current study utilized a deep learning model called the Residual connection Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory network (R-ConvLSTM) to estimate daily maximum 8-hr average (MDA8) O3 over Jiangsu province, China during 2020. In this research, the R-ConvLSTM model not only provides the spatiotemporal information of MDA8 O3, but also involves residual connection to avoid the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance with the deepening of network layers. We utilized the TROPOMI total O3 column retrieved from Sentinel-5 Precursor, ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data, and other supplementary data to build a pre-trained dataset. The R-ConvLSTM model achieved an overall sample-base cross-validation (CV) R2 of 0.955 with root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.372 µg/m3. Model estimation also showed a city-based CV R2 of 0.896 with RMSE of 14.029 µg/m3, the highest MDA8 O3 in spring being 122.60 ± 31.60 µg/m3 and the lowest in winter being 69.93 ± 18.48 µg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yanlan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China
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11
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Li X, Abdullah LC, Sobri S, Md Said MS, Hussain SA, Aun TP, Hu J. Long-Term Air Pollution Characteristics and Multi-scale Meteorological Factor Variability Analysis of Mega-mountain Cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:328. [PMID: 37200574 PMCID: PMC10175934 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, air quality has become central to global environmental policymaking. As a typical mountain megacity in the Cheng-Yu region, the air pollution in Chongqing is unique and sensitive. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the long-term annual, seasonal, and monthly variation characteristics of six major pollutants and seven meteorological parameters. The emission distribution of major pollutants is also discussed. The relationship between pollutants and the multi-scale meteorological conditions was explored. The results indicate that particulate matter (PM), SO2 and NO2 showed a "U-shaped" variation, while O3 showed an "inverted U-shaped" seasonal variation. Industrial emissions accounted for 81.84%, 58% and 80.10% of the total SO2, NOx and dust pollution emissions, respectively. The correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 was strong (R = 0.98). In addition, PM only showed a significant negative correlation with O3. On the contrary, PM showed a significant positive correlation with other gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO). O3 is only negatively correlated with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. These findings provide an accurate and effective countermeasure for the coordinated management of air pollution in Cheng-Yu region and the formulation of the regional carbon peaking roadmap. Furthermore, it can improve the prediction accuracy of air pollution under multi-scale meteorological factors, promote effective emission reduction paths and policies in the region, and provide references for related epidemiological research. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Tan Poh Aun
- SOx NOx Asia Sdn Bhd, UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jinzhao Hu
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
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12
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Li Y, Xue L, Tao Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Liao Q, Wan J, Bai Y. Exploring the contributions of major emission sources to PM 2.5 and attributable health burdens in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121177. [PMID: 36731741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is the principal environmental risk factor for health burdens in China. Identifying the sectoral contributions of pollutant emissions sources on multiple spatiotemporal scales can help in the formulation of specific strategies. In this study, we used sensitivity analysis to explore the specific contributions of seven major emission sources to ambient PM2.5 and attributable premature mortality across mainland China. In 2016, about 60% of China's population lived in areas with PM2.5 concentrations above the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard of 35 μg/m3. This percentage was expected to decrease to 35% and 39% if industrial and residential emissions were fully eliminated. In densely populated and highly polluted regions, residential sources contributed about 50% of the PM2.5 exposure in winter, while industrial sources contributed the most (29-51%) in the remaining seasons. The three major sectoral contributors to PM2.5-related deaths were industry (247,000 cases, 35%), residential sources (219,000 cases, 31%), and natural sources (87,000, 12%). The relative contributions of the different sectors varied in the different provinces, with industrial sources making the largest contribution in Shanghai (65%), while residential sources predominated in Heilongjiang (63%), and natural sources dominated in Xinjiang (82%). The contributions of the agricultural (11%), transportation (6%), and power (3%) sources were relatively low in China, but emissions mitigation was still effective in densely populated areas. In conclusion, to effectively alleviate health burdens across China, priority should be given to controlling residential emissions in winter and industrial emissions all year round, taking additional measures to curb emissions from other sources in urban hotspots, and formulating air pollution control strategies tailored to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Ecological Environment Emergency and Accident Investigation Center, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yidu Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yancong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junyi Wan
- School of Natural Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
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13
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Chen J, Guo L, Liu H, Jin L, Meng W, Fang J, Zhao L, Zeng XW, Yang BY, Wang Q, Guo X, Deng F, Dong GH, Shang X, Wu S. Modification effects of ambient temperature on associations of ambient ozone exposure before and during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes: A multicity study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107791. [PMID: 36739855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that both ambient ozone (O3) and temperature were associated with increased risks of adverse birth outcomes. However, very few studies explored their interaction effects, especially for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). OBJECTIVES To estimate the modification effects of ambient temperature on associations of ambient O3 exposure before and during pregnancy with preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), SGA and LGA based on multicity birth cohorts. METHODS A total of 56,905 singleton pregnant women from three birth cohorts conducted in Tianjin, Beijing and Maoming, China, were included in the study. Maximum daily 8-h average O3 concentrations of each pregnant woman from the preconception period to delivery for every day were estimated by matching their home addresses with the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) datasets. We first applied the Cox proportional-hazards regression model to evaluate the city-specific effects of O3 exposure before and during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes at different temperature levels with adjustment for potential confounders, and then a meta-analysis across three birth cohorts was conducted to calculate the pooled associations. RESULTS In pooled analysis, significant modification effects of ambient temperature on associations of ambient O3 with PTB, LBW and LGA were observed (Pinteraction < 0.05). For a 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient O3 exposure at high temperature level (> 75th percentile), the risk of LBW increased by 28 % (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.46) during the second trimester and the risk of LGA increased by 116% (HR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.16-4.00) during the entire pregnancy, while the null or weaker association was observed at corresponding low (≤ 25th percentile) and medium (> 25th and ≤ 75th percentile) temperature levels. CONCLUSION This multicity study added new evidence that ambient high temperature may enhance the potential effects of ambient O3 on adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huimeng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Meng
- Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junkai Fang
- Tianjin Healthcare Affair Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Lyu Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Pang X, Qin K, Wang B, Ding S, Chen D, Chen J. Tracking long-term population exposure risks to PM 2.5 and ozone in urban agglomerations of China 2015-2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158599. [PMID: 36089013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced severe air pollution in the past decade, especially PM2.5 and emerging ozone pollution recently. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed long-term population exposure risks to PM2.5 and ozone in urban agglomerations of China during 2015-2021 regarding two-stage clean-air actions based on the Ministry of Ecology and the Environment (MEE) air monitoring network. Overall, the ratio of the population living in the regions exceeding the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 μg/m3) decreases by 29.9 % for PM2.5 from 2015 to 2021, driven by high proportions in the Middle Plain (MP, 42.3 %) and Lan-Xi (35.0 %) regions. However, this ratio almost remains unchanged for ozone and even increases by 1.5 % in the MP region. As expected, the improved air quality leads to 234.7 × 103 avoided premature mortality (ΔMort), mainly ascribed to the reduction in PM2.5 concentration. COVID-19 pandemic may influence the annual variation of PM2.5-related ΔMort as it affects the shape of the population exposure curve to become much steeper. Although all eleven urban agglomerations share stroke (43.6 %) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 30.1 %) as the two largest contributors to total ΔMort, cause-specific ΔMort is highly regional heterogeneous, in which ozone-related ΔMort is significantly higher (21 %) in the Tibet region than other urban agglomeration. Despite ozone-related ΔMort being one order of magnitude lower than PM2.5-related ΔMort from 2015 to 2021, ozone-related ΔMort is predicted to increase in major urban agglomerations initially along with a continuous decline for PM2.5-related ΔMort from 2020 to 2060, highlighting the importance of ozone control. Coordinated controls of PM2.5 and O3 are warranted for reducing health burdens in China during achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312077, China.
| | - Zhentao Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Kai Qin
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- Green intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Shimin Ding
- Green intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
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15
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Huang L, Zhu Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Allen DT, Chel Gee Ooi M, Manomaiphiboon K, Talib Latif M, Chan A, Li L. Assessing the contribution of open crop straw burning to ground-level ozone and associated health impacts in China and the effectiveness of straw burning bans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107710. [PMID: 36566719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, ozone pollution in China has been shown to increase in frequency and persistence despite the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreasing steadily. Open crop straw burning (OCSB) activities are extensive in China and emit large amounts of trace gases during a short period that could lead to elevated ozone concentrations. This study addresses the impacts of OCSB emissions on ground-level ozone concentration and the associated health impact in China. Total VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB in 2018 were 798.8 Gg and 80.6 Gg, respectively, with high emissions in Northeast China (31.7%) and North China (23.7%). Based on simulations conducted for 2018, OCSB emissions are estimated to contribute up to 0.95 µg/m3 increase in annual averaged maximum daily 8-hour (MDA8) ozone and up to 1.35 µg/m3 for the ozone season average. The significant impact of OCSB emissions on ozone is mainly characterized by localized and episodic (e.g., daily) changes in ozone concentration, up to 20 µg/m3 in North China and Yangtze River Delta region and even more in Northeast China during the burning season. With the implementation of straw burning bans, VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB dropped substantially by 46.9%, particularly over YRD (76%) and North China (60%). Consequently, reduced OCSB emissions result in an overall decrease in annual averaged MDA8 ozone, and reductions in monthly MDA8 ozone could be over 10 µg/m3 in North China. The number of avoided premature death due to reduced OCSB emissions (considering both PM2.5 and ozone) is estimated to be 6120 (95% Confidence Interval: 5320-6800), with most health benefits gained over east and central China. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of straw burning bans in reducing ozone concentrations at annual and national scales and the substantial ozone impacts from OCSB events at localized and episodic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - David T Allen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Maggie Chel Gee Ooi
- Institute of Climate Change (IPI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andy Chan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Rashidi R, Khaniabadi YO, Sicard P, De Marco A, Anbari K. Ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 pollution and health impacts in Iranian megacity. STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT : RESEARCH JOURNAL 2023; 37:175-184. [PMID: 35965492 PMCID: PMC9358119 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-022-02286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess variation within fine particles (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3) time series in Khorramabad (Iran) between 2019 (before) and 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic); (ii) assess relationship between PM2.5 and O3, the PM2.5/O3 ratio, and energy consumption; and (iii) estimate the health effects of exposure to ambient PM2.5 and O3. From hourly PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, we applied both linear-log and integrated exposure-response functions, city-specific relative risk, and baseline incidence values to estimate the health effects over time. A significant correlation was found between PM2.5 and O3 (r =-0.46 in 2019, r =-0.55 in 2020, p < 0.05). The number of premature deaths for all non-accidental causes (27.5 and 24.6), ischemic heart disease (7.3 and 6.3), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17 and 19.2), and lung cancer (9.2 and 6.25) attributed to ambient PM2.5 exposure and for respiratory diseases (4.7 and 5.4) for exposure to O3 above 10 µg m-3 for people older than 30-year-old were obtained in 2019 and 2020. The number of years of life lost declined by 11.6% in 2020 and exposure to PM2.5 reduced the life expectancy by 0.58 and 0.45 years, respectively in 2019 and 2020. Compared to 2019, the restrictive measures associated to COVID-19 pandemic led to reduction in PM2.5 (-25.5%) and an increase of O3 concentration (+ 8.0%) in Khorramabad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Rashidi
- Department of Occupational Health, Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition,
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO), Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Khatereh Anbari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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17
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Guan Y, Xiao Y, Zhang N, Chu C. Tracking short-term health impacts attributed to ambient PM 2.5 and ozone pollution in Chinese cities: an assessment integrates daily population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:91176-91189. [PMID: 35881283 PMCID: PMC9315092 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Joint and synergistic control of PM2.5 and ozone pollution is an urgent need in China and a global-widely concerned issue. Health impact assessment could provide a comprehensive perspective for PM2.5-ozone coordinated control strategies. For a detailed understanding of the seasonality and regionality of the health impacts attributed to PM2.5 and ozone in China, this study extended the classic health impact function by daily population and assessed the short-term (daily) health impacts in 335 Chinese cities in 2021. Population migration indexes from Baidu were introduced to estimate the cities' daily population. Using this method, we quantitatively investigated the influence of population on short-term health impact assessment and identified which was significant in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and other populous cities. Although the annual sums of PM2.5- and ozone-related daily health impacts were close for all Chinese cities, the PM2.5-related health impact was equivalent to 333.96% and 32.07% of that ozone-related, during the cold and warm periods. The correlation and local spatial association analysis found significant city-specific and city-cluster associations of daily health impacts during the warm period and in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions (BTHS) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Policymakers could promote period- and pollutant-targeted control actions for the major city groups, especially the BTHS, YRD, and PRD. Our methods and findings investigated the various influences of the population on short-term health impact assessment and proposed the PM2.5-ozone collaborative control idea for key regions and city groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guan
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 28 Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
- The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 28 Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
- The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, 28 Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China.
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chengjun Chu
- Center of Environmental Status and Plan Assessment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
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18
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Kianizadeh F, Godini H, Moghimbeigi A, Hassanvand MS. Health and economic impacts of ambient air particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Karaj city from 2012 to 2019 using BenMAP-CE. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:847. [PMID: 36190572 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on the health and economy of Karaj city from 2012 to 2019. In this study, mortality attributed to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its spatial distribution in Karaj over the 2012-2019 period were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function and BenMAP software. PM2.5 hourly concentration data of air quality monitoring stations were used to estimate PM2.5 for the whole city of Karaj. The economic effects of this pollutant were also assessed using the value of statistical life (VSL) method. The results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentration during the studied time increased and was higher than the air quality guideline levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Also, the annual number of deaths attributed to PM2.5 in adults (older than 25 years) was estimated to be about 1200. The highest to lowest proportions of PM2.5-related deaths were non-accidental mortality, ischemic heart attack, stroke, acute respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer, in the order of their appearance. The results showed that the economic loss attributed to this pollutant was estimated at 380 to 504 million USD per year. Due to the effects of PM2.5 on health and the economy in this city, we suggest conducting special planning to control and reduce the concentration of ambient air particulate matter by improving the public transportation system and updating industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kianizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hatam Godini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- bResearch Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- bResearch Center for Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Hou X, Guo Q, Hong Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Zhou S, Liu H. Assessment of PM 2.5-related health effects: A comparative study using multiple methods and multi-source data in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119381. [PMID: 35500711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In China, PM2.5 pollution has caused extensive death and economic loss. Thus, an accurate assessment of the spatial distribution of these losses is crucial for delineating priority areas for air pollution control in China. In this study, we assessed the PM2.5 exposure-related health effects according to the integrated exposure risk function and non-linear power law (NLP) function in 338 prefecture-level cities in China by utilizing online monitoring data and the PM2.5 Hindcast Database (PHD). Our results revealed no significant difference between the monitoring data and PHD (p value = 0.66 > 0.05). The number of deaths caused by PM2.5-related Stroke (cerebrovascular disease), ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer at the national level estimated through the NLP function was 0.27 million (95% CI: 0.06-0.50), 0.23 million (95% CI: 0.08-0.38), 0.31 million (95% CI: 0.04-0.57), and 0.31 million (95% CI: 0.16-0.40), respectively. The total economic cost at the national level in 2016 was approximately US$80.25 billion (95% CI: 24.46-132.25). Based on a comparison of Z statistics, we propose that the evaluation results obtained using the NLP function and monitoring data are accurate. Additionally, according to scenario simulations, Beijing, Chongqing, Tianjin, and other cities should be priority areas for PM2.5 pollution control to achieve considerable health benefits. Our statistics can help improve the accuracy of PM2.5-related health effect assessments in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Zhejiang Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qinghai Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016, China; Zhejiang Academy of Ecological Civilization, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qiaowei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xinkui Wang
- Dongying Development and Reform Commission, Dongying, 370502, China
| | - Siyang Zhou
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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20
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Li XB, Fan G. Interannual variations, sources, and health impacts of the springtime ozone in Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119458. [PMID: 35561793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In spring, ozone (O3) pollution frequently occurrs in eastern China, but key drivers remain uncertain. In this study, interannual variations in springtime ozone in Shanghai, China, from 2013 to 2021, were investigated to assess the health impacts and the effectiveness of recent air pollution control measures. A combination of ground-level measurements of regulated air pollutants, lidar observations, and backward trajectories of air masses was used to identify the key drivers for enhancing springtime O3. The results show that external imports of O3 driven by atmospheric circulation are notable sources of springtime surface O3. For example, the downward transport from the free troposphere could contribute to over 50% of surface O3 in the morning. The surface O3 mixing ratios in spring exhibited an upward trend of 0.93 ppb yr-1 (p < 0.05) from 2013 to 2021. The change in meteorological variables, particularly the increase in air temperature, could explain nearly 87% of the springtime O3 upward trend. The change in anthropogenic emissions of precursors only contributed to a small fraction (<13%) of the increase in springtime O3. The cumulative exposure of urban residents to O3 in spring also exhibited a significant upward trend (111 ppb yr-1, p < 0.05). With the rapid increase in surface O3, premature respiratory mortality attributable to O3 exposure has fluctuated at approximately 2933 deaths per year since 2016, even though the total deaths from respiratory diseases have significantly declined. Long-term exposure to high O3 concentrations is a significant contributor to premature respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Guangqiang Fan
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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21
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Liu Z, Lei Y, Xue W, Liu X, Jiang Y, Shi X, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Wang J. Mitigating China's Ozone Pollution with More Balanced Health Benefits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7647-7656. [PMID: 35587991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is confronting the challenge of opposite health benefits (OHBs) during ambient ozone (O3) mitigation because the same reduction scheme might yield opposite impacts on O3 levels and associated public health across different regions. Here, we used a combination of chemical transport modeling, health benefit assessments, and machine learning to capture such OHBs and optimize O3 mitigation pathways based on 121 control scenarios. We revealed that, for the China mainland, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surroundings ("2 + 26" cities), Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta, there could be at most 2897, 920, 1247, and 896 additional O3-related deaths in urban areas, respectively, accompanying 21,512, 3442, 5614, and 642 avoided O3-related deaths in rural areas, respectively, at the same control stage. Additionally, potential disbenefits during O3 mitigation were "pro-wealthy", that is, residents in developed regions are more likely to afford additional health risks. In order to avoid OHBs during O3 abatement, we proposed a two-phase control strategy, whereby the reduction ratio of NOX (nitrogen oxide) to VOCs (volatile organic compounds) was adjusted according to health benefit distribution patterns. Our study provided novel insights into China's O3 attainment and references for other countries facing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and associated inequality issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xurong Shi
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yixuan Zheng
- Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
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22
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Wang S, Mu X, Jiang P, Huo Y, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Wu Y. New Deep Learning Model to Estimate Ozone Concentrations Found Worrying Exposure Level over Eastern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127186. [PMID: 35742435 PMCID: PMC9223487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3), whose concentrations have been increasing in eastern China recently, plays a key role in human health, biodiversity, and climate change. Accurate information about the spatiotemporal distribution of O3 is crucial for human exposure studies. We developed a deep learning model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to estimate the daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 across eastern China in 2020. The proposed model combines LSTM with an attentional mechanism and residual connection structure. The model employed total O3 column product from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument, meteorological data, and other covariates as inputs. Then, the estimates from our model were compared with real observations of the China air quality monitoring network. The results indicated that our model performed better than other traditional models, such as the random forest model and deep neural network. The sample-based cross-validation R2 and RMSE of our model were 0.94 and 10.64 μg m−3, respectively. Based on the O3 distribution over eastern China derived from the model, we found that people in this region suffered from excessive O3 exposure. Approximately 81% of the population in eastern China was exposed to MDA8 O3 > 100 μg m−3 for more than 150 days in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xi Mu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China;
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanfeng Huo
- Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanlan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (S.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China;
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23
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Zhao H, Wang L, Zhang Z, Qi Q, Zhang H. Quantifying ecological and health risks of ground-level O 3 across China during the implementation of the "Three-year Action Plan for Cleaner Air". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153011. [PMID: 35026272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
After China implemented the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP), PM2.5 concentrations decreased but were still higher than national standards in major areas and ozone (O3) concentration increased unintentionally. To further decrease PM2.5 concentrations and reduce days with severe air pollution, the government promulgated the "Three-year (2018-2020) Action Plan for Cleaner Air" (the Three-year Action Plan) in 2018. During the three-year Action Plan, a few studies reported a continuous decline in PM2.5, but it is unclear whether O3 and its effects also increase with the decrease of PM2.5 like during APPCAP. In this study, for the first time, we systematically assessed changes in ground-level O3 concentrations and related ecological and health risks during the period of the Three-year Action Plan using nationwide O3 measurements. The national MDA8, Exceedance, and SOMO35 indicators were reduced by 3.8%, 28.5%, and 12.6%, respectively, ecological risk indicators of M12, M7, SUM06, AOT40, and W126 were reduced by 5.4%, 5.6%, 19.5%, 15.4%, and 18.6%, respectively, from 2018 to 2020. Spatially, the greatest reduction in all the indicators except MDA8 occurred in Pearl River Delta, followed by Fen Wei Plains, while Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Yangtze River Delta presented relatively small reductions. Between 2018 and 2020, the production losses caused by O3 for wheat and rice decreased by 21.4% and 17.6%, respectively. Long-term exposure to O3 across China over 2020 was estimated to cause about 160,795 (95% CI: 81,515-312,983) for all-cause mortality, 107,128 (95% CI: 36,703-173,823) for cardiovascular mortality, and 34,444 (95% CI: 0-72,609) for respiratory mortality, indicating decreases of 9.93%, 9.86%, and 9.78%, respectively, compared to the year 2018. Taken together, our results provided the first direct evidence for China's efforts to control O3 pollution in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crops, Xi'an 710014, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China.
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24
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A High-Performance Convolutional Neural Network for Ground-Level Ozone Estimation in Eastern China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Having a high-quality historical air pollutant dataset is critical for environmental and epidemiological research. In this study, a novel deep learning model based on convolutional neural network architecture was developed to estimate ground-level ozone concentrations across eastern China. A high-resolution maximum daily average 8-hour (MDA8) surface ground ozone concentration dataset was generated with the support of the total ozone column from the satellite Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument, meteorological data from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System, and simulations of the WRF-Chem model. The modeled results were compared with in situ measurements in five cities that were not involved in model training, and the mean R2 of predicted ozone with observed values was 0.9, indicating the good robustness of our model. In addition, we compared the model results with some widely used machine learning techniques (e.g., random forest) and recently published ozone datasets, showing that the accuracy of our model is higher and that the spatial distributions of predicted ozone are more coherent. This study provides an efficient and exact method to estimate ground-level ozone and offers a new perspective for modeling spatiotemporal air pollutants.
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Zhang X, Cheng C, Zhao H. A Health Impact and Economic Loss Assessment of O 3 and PM 2.5 Exposure in China From 2015 to 2020. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000531. [PMID: 35355832 PMCID: PMC8950782 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
China is in a critical air quality management stage. Rapid industrial development and urbanization has resulted in non-ignorable air pollution, which seriously endangers human health. Assessment of the health impacts and economic losses of air pollution is essential for the prevention and control policy formulation. Based on ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5) monitoring data in 331 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2020, this study evaluated the health effects and the corresponding economic losses of O3 and PM2.5 pollution on three health endpoints. The ratio of population exposed to O3 levels that exceeded the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) increased from 13.35% in 2015 to 14.15% in 2020, which resulted in 133,415 (2015) - 156,173 (2020) all-cause deaths, 88,941 (2015) - 104,051 (2020) cardiovascular deaths, and 28,614 (2015) - 33,456 (2020) respiratory deaths. The ratio of population exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded the CAAQS decreased, but in many regions, especially in North China and the Yangtze River Delta, the PM2.5 concentration remained high. By 2020, nearly half of the population in China was still exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded the CAAQS, and the corresponding economic losses reached CNY 3.46 and 3.05 billion, respectively. These results improved the understanding of the spatial-temporal variation trends of major air pollutants at city scale in China, and emphasize the continued coordination urgently needed for controlling O3 and PM2.5 following the implementation of the 2013 policy to mitigate air pollution to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural DisasterMinistry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural DisasterMinistry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- National Tibetan Plateau Data CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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26
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The lanthanide doping effect on toluene catalytic oxidation over Pt/CeO 2 catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:33-46. [PMID: 35085902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to know the lanthanide doping effect on the physicochemical properties of Pt/CeO2 catalysts and their catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. A series of lanthanide ions (La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) were incorporated into ceria lattice by hydrothermal method, and the Pt nanoparticles with equal quality were successfully loaded on various ceria-based supports. Their catalytic performance toward toluene oxidation shows a remarkable lanthanide-doping effect, and the activity is much dependent on the ion radius and valence state of dopants. Owing to smaller ion radius and low valence state, the dopant of Gd would form more Gd-Ce complex and less GdO8-type complex, generating more oxygen vacancies and then promoting oxygen replenishment. Furthermore, the high concentration of oxygen vacancy would drive electrons to transfer from support to metal, and thus electron-rich and under-coordinated Pt particles that are favorable for toluene adsorption and dissociation are obtained. Attributing to above positive factors, the doping of Gd would effectively enhance the catalytic oxidation of toluene over Pt/CeO2 catalyst. In addition, the Pt/CeGdO2 sample exhibits an excellent reaction stability and resistance of concentration impact.
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27
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Temporal and Spatial Analysis of PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Characteristics and Transmission in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration from 2015 to 2020. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The central Liaoning urban agglomeration is an important heavy industry development base in China, and also an important part of the economy in northeast China. The atmospheric environmental problems caused by the development of heavy industry are particularly prominent. Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution (PSCF), and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis are used to discuss the temporal and spatial pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and ozone concentrations and reveal the regional atmospheric transmission pattern in central Liaoning urban agglomeration from 2015 to 2020. The results show that: (1) PM2.5 in the central Liaoning urban agglomeration showed a decreasing trend from 2015 to 2020. The concentration of PM2.5 is the lowest in 2018. Except for Benxi (34.7 µg/m3), the concentrations of PM2.5 in other cities do not meet the standard in 2020. The ozone concentration in Anshan, Liaoyang, and Shenyang reached the peaks in 2017, which are 68.76 µg/m3, 66.27 µg/m3, and 63.46 µg/m3 respectively. PM2.5 pollution is the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The daily variation distribution of PM2.5 concentration showed a bimodal pattern. Ozone pollution is the most serious in summer, with the concentration of ozone reaching 131.14 µg/m3 in Shenyang. Fushun is affected by Shenyang intercity pollution, and the ozone concentration is high. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the high values of PM2.5 are concentrated in monitoring stations in urban areas. On the contrary, the concentration of ozone in suburban stations is higher. The high concentration of ozone in the northeast of Anshan, Liaoyang, Shenyang to Tieling, and Fushun extended in a band distribution. (3) Through cluster analysis, it is found that PM2.5 and ozone in Shenyang are mainly affected by short-distance transport airflow. In winter, the weighted PSCF high-value area of PM2.5 presents as a potential contribution source zone of the northeast trend with wide coverage, in which the contribution value of the weighted CWT in the middle of Heilongjiang is the highest. The main potential source areas of ozone mass concentration in spring and summer are coastal cities and the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. We conclude that the regional transmission of pollutants is an important factor of pollution, so we should pay attention to the supply of industrial sources and marine sources of marine pollution in the surrounding areas of cities, and strengthen the joint prevention and control of air pollution among regions. The research results of this article provide a useful reference for the central Liaoning urban agglomeration to improve air quality.
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Dai H, An J, Huang C, Wang H, Zhou M, Qiao L, Hu Q, Lou S, Yang C, Yan R, Jiang K, Zhu S. Roadmap of coordinated control of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozonein Yangtze River Delta. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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