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Stalwick JA, Ratelle M, Gurney KEB, Drysdale M, Lazarescu C, Comte J, Laird B, Skinner K. Sources of exposure to lead in Arctic and subarctic regions: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2208810. [PMID: 37196187 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2208810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding lead exposure pathways is a priority because of its ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as the potential health risks. We aimed to identify potential lead sources and pathways of lead exposure, including long-range transport, and the magnitude of exposure in Arctic and subarctic communities. A scoping review strategy and screening approach was used to search literature from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 228 academic and grey literature references were synthesised. The majority of these studies (54%) were from Canada. Indigenous people in Arctic and subarctic communities in Canada had higher levels of lead than the rest of Canada. The majority of studies in all Arctic countries reported at least some individuals above the level of concern. Lead levels were influenced by a number of factors including using lead ammunition to harvest traditional food and living in close proximity to mines. Lead levels in water, soil, and sediment were generally low. Literature showed the possibility of long-range transport via migratory birds. Household lead sources included lead-based paint, dust, or tap water. This literature review will help to inform management strategies for communities, researchers, and governments, with the aim of decreasing lead exposure in northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn A Stalwick
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mylène Ratelle
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kirsty E B Gurney
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mallory Drysdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Calin Lazarescu
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Eau Terre Environnement Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Bello KAS, Wilke MCB, Simões RP, Landim-Vieira M, Langa P, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV, Fernandes AA. Chronic exposure to mercury increases arrhythmia and mortality post-acute myocardial infarction in rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1260509. [PMID: 37929206 PMCID: PMC10622797 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1260509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that causes a variety of toxic effects in eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have reported detrimental effects of mercury toxicity in the cardiovascular system. Given the importance of understanding the relationship between Hg and cardiovascular disease, we sought to investigate if the Hg could worsen the myocardial repercussions following ischemic injury. We demonstrated that once mercury toxicity is established, it can influence the outcome of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Male Wistar rats received intramuscular injections of either saline (NaCl 0.9%) or mercuric chloride (HgCl2, first dose of 4.6 μg/kg, and subsequent doses of 0.07 μg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Three weeks post-exposure, we induced transmural infarction in the left ventricle free wall through coronary artery occlusion surgery. Results: ECG recordings obtained from MI groups demonstrated alterations in the rhythm of the heartbeat/heart electrical activity, as expected, including ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia. However, the MI group exposed to Hg (MI-Hg) exhibited augmented ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia compared to the MI group. Also, Basckó coefficient revealed that the arrhythmic events-after MI-were aggravated by Hg exposure. Discussion: Our results indicate that the significantly increased mortality in MI-Hg groups when compared to MI (21%, MI vs 32%, MI-Hg) is correlated with greater occurrence of arrhythmias. In conclusion, this study further supports the idea that exposure to mercury (Hg) should be recognized as a significant risk factor that exacerbates the impact of cardiac ischemic injury, potentially leading to an increased mortality rate among patients experiencing acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren A. S. Bello
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara B. Wilke
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rakel P. Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Aurélia Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Ivanova E, Eltsova L, Komov V, Borisov M, Tropin N, Borboshova S, Rumiantseva O, Petrova V, Udodenko Y. Assessment of the consumptive safety of mercury in fish from the surface waters of the Vologda region in northwestern Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:863-879. [PMID: 35334022 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the consumption of fish is the main source of mercury intake in human beings. In this study, the concentration of mercury in the muscle tissue of fish from different reservoirs of northwestern Russia was found to be 0.01-1.68 μg/g wet weight. The features of mercury accumulation in the muscle tissue of fish, depending on their type, trophic specialization, body weight, length, and the type of water body, were also revealed. Of the fish studied, 7% had mercury concentrations above the regulatory levels of the Russian Federation. The proportion of examined fish, the consumption of which will lead to an excess of the permissible weekly intake of mercury in the individual, is 44% for preschool children (2-5 years old), 34% for children of primary school age (6-10 years old), and 17% for adults. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the mercury content in fish that does not exceed the sanitary and hygienic standards (normative levels) of the Russian Federation may still be unsafe for the health of the population, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivanova
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
| | - Liubov Eltsova
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia.
| | - Victor Komov
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia
| | - Mikhail Borisov
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
- Vologda Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography», Vologda, 160000, Russia
| | - Nikolay Tropin
- Vologda Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography», Vologda, 160000, Russia
| | - Samanta Borboshova
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
| | - Olga Rumiantseva
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
| | - Victoria Petrova
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
| | - Yuri Udodenko
- Cherepovets State University, Lunacharsky Prospect, 5, Cherepovets, 162600, Russia
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia
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Moriarity RJ, Tsuji LJS, Liberda EN. A probabilistic hazard and risk assessment of exposure to metals and organohalogens associated with a traditional diet in the Indigenous communities of Eeyou Istchee (northern Quebec, Canada). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14304-14317. [PMID: 36152091 PMCID: PMC9908690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hunting, trapping, and fishing are part of an Indigenous lifestyle in subarctic Canada. However, this lifestyle may be a route of exposure to contaminants and may pose a risk for the people who rely on a subsistence diet. Monte Carlo simulations for the chemical concentration of eight game species and one fish species were carried out by randomly sampling 10,000 samples from the contaminant measures for each species. We then calculated a probabilistic non-carcinogenic hazard quotient or carcinogenic risk values to estimate the human health risk of exposure to contaminants. Of the species examined, ducks were of concern for potential carcinogenic risk. There was a modeled probabilistic 95th-percentile risk associated with the consumption of ducks and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) congener 153 in boys, women, and men (1.09 × 10-6, 1.57 × 10-6, and 2.17 × 10-6, respectively) and, to a lesser extent, with geese and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153 in men (1.19 × 10-6). Contaminant concentration in the intake rate (food consumption) for PBB congener 153 exposure risk was more important than that for PCB congener 153, where intake rate had greater relevance. The consumption of waterfowl may increase the exposure to organohalogens; however, there are health and wellness benefits associated with the harvesting and consumption of subsistence foods that must also be considered. We recommend follow-up species-specific studies focused on ducks to clarify and elucidate the results in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moriarity
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Leonard J S Tsuji
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric N Liberda
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hu XF, Lowe M, Chan HM. Mercury exposure, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110538. [PMID: 33285155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that exposure to mercury (Hg) may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of published studies and a meta-analysis of the results to examine the associations between chronic Hg exposure and CVD outcomes. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and TOXLINE using previously developed strategies. Studies were selected according to a priori-defined inclusion criteria, and their qualities were assessed. Study estimates were extracted, and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity: 1) fatal vs. nonfatal events, 2) cohort study vs. non-cohort study, and 3) inorganic Hg vs. methyl mercury (MeHg). Dose-response meta-analyses were conducted for MeHg exposure and fatal/nonfatal ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and all CVD. RESULTS A total of 14 studies reporting results collected from more than 34,000 participants in 17 countries were included in the meta-analysis. Hg exposure was associated with an increase in nonfatal IHD (relative risk (RR): 1.21 (0.98, 1.50)), all-cause mortality (RR: 1.21 (0.90, 1.62)), CVD mortality (RR: 1.68 (1.15, 2.45)), and mortality due to other heart diseases (RR: 1.50 (1.07, 2.11)). No association was observed between Hg exposure and stroke. A heterogeneous relationship was found between studies reporting fatal and nonfatal outcomes and between cohort and non-cohort studies. However, these differences were mainly due to differences in Hg exposure level. Occupational inorganic Hg exposure was associated with similar increases in different mortality outcomes. A J-shaped relationship between Hg exposure and different fatal/nonfatal outcomes was observed, with turning points at hair Hg concentrations of 1 μg/g for IHD and 2 μg/g for stroke and all CVD. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to Hg was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and fatal/nonfatal IHD. The risk of multiple cardiovascular endpoints starts to increase consistently at a hair Hg concentration of 2 μg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, ML, HMC), Canada
| | - Mackenzie Lowe
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, ML, HMC), Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, ML, HMC), Canada.
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Gump BB, Hruska B, Parsons PJ, Palmer CD, MacKenzie JA, Bendinskas K, Brann L. Dietary contributions to increased background lead, mercury, and cadmium in 9-11 Year old children: Accounting for racial differences. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109308. [PMID: 32222635 PMCID: PMC7898456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial interest in the adverse consequences of exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) focused on relatively high exposures through environmental or occupational sources; however, recent evidence suggests even low-level background exposure to non-essential metals might be detrimental, particularly for children's health and development. One potentially important source of increased background levels of non-essential toxic metals is diet. OBJECTIVES We considered whether differences in diet are associated with levels of non-essential metals in blood and whether racial differences in metals are mediated by dietary differences. METHODS We assessed blood levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd in a sample of 9-11 year-old children (N = 295) comprised of 42% European Americans (EAs), 58% African American (AAs), and 47% female. Diet was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls during phone interviews administered to parents on two consecutive days (Friday and Saturday). The Healthy Eating Index-2105 (HEI-2015) was calculated to assess diet quality. RESULTS The current study identified significant dietary sources of non-essential metal exposure - namely total fruit for Pb, total protein for Hg, and greens and beans for Cd. Moreover, AAs were found to have significantly higher blood levels of Pb and Hg than EAs and these racial differences were significantly mediated by these dietary differences. DISCUSSION This study is one of very few to consider total diet in children and exposure to the non-essential metals Pb, Hg, and Cd, and the first to demonstrate that racial differences in increased background blood levels of non-essential toxic metals can be accounted for by racial differences in diet. Given regional differences in food consumption patterns and specific farm and store sources for the foods, the generalizability of the current findings has yet to be determined; however, commonly consumed foods appear to be a significant source of low-level non-essential metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, United States.
| | - Bryce Hruska
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, United States
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, United States
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, United States
| | - James A MacKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Oswego, United States
| | - Kestutis Bendinskas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College at Oswego, United States
| | - Lynn Brann
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, United States
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7
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Prevalence of heart attack and stroke and associated risk factors among Inuit in Canada: A comparison with the general Canadian population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Espitia-Pérez P, Albino SM, da Rosa HT, Silveira AK, Espitia-Pérez L, Brango H, Moraes DP, Hermann PRS, Mingori M, Barreto F, Kunzler A, Gelain DP, Schnorr CE, Moreira JCF. Effects of methylmercury and retinol palmitate co-administration in rats during pregnancy and breastfeeding: Metabolic and redox parameters in dams and their offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:603-615. [PMID: 30031321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous low-dose methylmercury (MeHg) exposure through an increased fish consumption represents a global public health problem, especially among pregnant women. A plethora of micronutrients presented in fish affects MeHg uptake/distribution, but limited data is available. Vitamin A (VitA), another fish micronutrient is used in nutritional supplementation, especially during pregnancy. However, there is no information about the health effects arising from their combined exposure. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of both MeHg and retinyl palmitate administered on pregnant and lactating rats in metabolic and redox parameters from dams and their offspring. Thirty Wistar female rats were orally supplemented with MeHg (0,5 mg/kg/day) and retinyl palmitate (7500 µg RAE/kg/day) via gavage, either individually or in combination from the gestational day 0 to weaning. For dams (150 days old) and their offspring (31 days old), glycogen accumulation (hepatic and cardiac) and retinoid contents (plasma and liver) were analyzed. Hg deposition in liver tissue was quantified. Redox parameters (liver, kidney, and heart) were evaluated for both animals. Cytogenetic damage was analyzed with micronucleus test. Our results showed no general toxic or metabolic alterations in dams and their offspring by MeHg-VitA co-administration during pregnancy and lactation. However, increased lipoperoxidation in maternal liver and a disrupted pro-oxidant response in the heart of male pups was encountered, with apparently no particular effects in the antioxidant response in female offspring. GST activity in dam kidney was altered leading to possible redox disruption of this tissue with no alterations in offspring. Finally, the genomic damage was exacerbated in both male and female pups. In conclusion, low-dose MeHg exposure and retinyl palmitate supplementation during gestation and lactation produced a potentiated pro-oxidant effect, which was tissue-specific. Although this is a pre-clinical approach, we recommend precaution for pregnant women regarding food consumption, and we encourage more epidemiological studies to assess possible modulations effects of MeHg-VitA co-administration at safe or inadvertently used doses in humans, which may be related to specific pathologies in mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Suelen Marin Albino
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helen Tais da Rosa
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Calle 38 Carrera 1W, Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pompéu Moraes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paolla Rissi Silva Hermann
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moara Mingori
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Laboratório de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas e Medicamentos Veterinários (RPM), Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário RS, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, CEP: 91780-580 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alice Kunzler
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Departamento de Civil y Ambiental, Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55- 66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Yang X, Feng L, Zhang Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Liang S, Zhao T, Cao L, Duan J, Sun Z. Co-exposure of silica nanoparticles and methylmercury induced cardiac toxicity in vitro and in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:811-821. [PMID: 29727991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The released nanoparticles into environment can potentially interact with pre-existing pollution, maybe causing higher toxicity. As such, assessment of their joint toxic effects is necessary. This study was to investigate the co-exposure cardiac toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and methylmercury (MeHg). Factorial design was used to determine the potential joint action type. In vitro study, human cardiomyocytes (AC16) were exposed to SiNPs and MeHg alone or the combination. Higher toxicity was observed on cell viability, cell membrane damage in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. The co-exposure enhanced the ROS, MDA generation and reduced the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, the co-exposure induced much higher cellular apoptotic rate in AC16. In vivo study, after SD rats exposed to SiNPs and MeHg and their mixture by intratracheal instillation for 30days, pathological changes (myocardial interstitial edema) of heart were occurred in co-exposure compared with single exposure and control. Moreover obvious ultra-structural changes, including myofibril disorder, myocardial gap expansion, and mitochondrial damage were observed in co-exposure group. The activity of myocardial enzymes, including CK-MB, ANP, BNP and cTnT, were significantly elevated in co-exposure group of rat serum. Meanwhile, the cardiac injury-linked proteins expression showed an increase in SERCA2 and decreased levels of cTnT, ANP and BNP in co-exposure group. Factorial design analysis demonstrated that additive and synergistic interactions were responsible for the co-exposure cardiac toxicity in vitro and vivo. In summary, our results showed severe cardiac toxicity induced by co-exposure of SiNPs and MeHg in both cardiomycytes and heart. It will help to clarify the potential cardiovascular toxicity in regards to combined exposure pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lige Cao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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10
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Hu XF, Singh K, Chan HM. Mercury Exposure, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:076002. [PMID: 30073953 PMCID: PMC6108832 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body burden of mercury has been linked to hypertension in populations exposed to high mercury levels. OBJECTIVES We summarized, extracted, and pooled the results of published studies that investigated mercury biomarkers and hypertension or blood pressure (BP) measurements to examine this potential relationship. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and TOXLINE and selected studies according to a priori defined inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and case-control studies and the Quality Assessment Tool for cross-sectional studies. Study estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted random-effects models. Dose-response meta-analysis was performed with studies reporting hypertension and systolic BP for at least three mercury categories. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for hypertension, comparing the highest and lowest mercury exposure categories, was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.83] for populations with hair mercury ≥2 μg/g in comparison with the OR of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.52) for populations with hair mercury <2 μg/g. Positive associations were also observed for highest versus lowest mercury exposure categories on systolic and diastolic BP. Heterogeneity was observed for mercury species and exposure groups across different studies. Associations estimated using different mercury biomarkers generally agree with each other in the same study. A nonlinear dose-response relationship with an inflection point at 3 μg/g was identified, for both hypertension and systolic BP. CONCLUSIONS A significant positive association between mercury and hypertension and between mercury and BP was identified. The exposure dose is an important factor in determining the toxic effects of mercury on hypertension. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, KS, HMC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kavita Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, KS, HMC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa (XFH, KS, HMC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Houston M, Minich D, Sinatra ST, Kahn JK, Guarneri M. Recent Science and Clinical Application of Nutrition to Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:169-187. [PMID: 29313752 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1381053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest threats to mortality in industrialized societies continues to be coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, the ability to decrease the incidence of CHD has reached a limit utilizing traditional diagnostic evaluations and prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking). It is well known that about 80% of CHD can be prevented with optimal nutrition, coupled with exercise, weight management, mild alcohol intake, and smoking cessation. Among all of these factors, optimal nutrition provides the basic foundation for prevention and treatment of CHD. Numerous prospective nutrition clinical trials have shown dramatic reductions in the incidence of CHD. As nutritional science and nutrigenomics research continues, our ability to adjust the best nutrition with an individualized approach is emerging. This article reviews the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of CHD and myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- a Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Director, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Medical Director of Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group, Saint Thomas Hospital , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Deanna Minich
- b University of Western States, Institute for Functional Medicine , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Stephen T Sinatra
- c Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut Medical School , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
| | - Joel K Kahn
- d Clinical Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Kahn Center for Cardiac Longevity , Bloomfield Township , Michigan , USA
| | - Mimi Guarneri
- e Director, Guarneri Integrative Health, Inc., La Jolla, California at Pacific Pearl , La Jolla , California , USA
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12
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Associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA and hair mercury with resting heart rate, peak heart rate during exercise and heart rate recovery after exercise in middle-aged men. Br J Nutr 2017; 119:66-73. [PMID: 29208059 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA from fish have been associated with lower risk of CVD. Fish may also contain methylmercury, which may attenuate the inverse associations of the long-chain n-3 PUFA. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not fully known. We evaluated the associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA (EPA, DPA and DHA) and hair Hg with resting heart rate (HR), peak HR during cycle ergometer exercise and HR recovery after exercise. A total of 1008 men from the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, aged 42-60 years and free of CVD, were studied. After multivariate-adjustments in ANCOVA, higher serum total long-chain n-3 PUFA concentration was associated with lower resting HR (extreme-quartile difference 2·2 beats/min; 95 % CI 0·2, 4·1, P trend across quartiles=0·02), but not with peak HR or HR recovery. Associations were generally similar when EPA, DPA and DHA were evaluated individually, except for DPA, which was also associated with better HR recovery after exercise (extreme-quartile difference 2·1 beats/min; 95 % CI 0·1, 4·2, P trend=0·06). Higher hair Hg content had a trend towards lower peak HR after adjusting for the long-chain n-3 PUFA (P trend=0·05), but it only slightly attenuated the associations of the serum long-chain n-3 PUFA with HR. These findings suggest that higher serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentrations are associated with lower resting HR in middle-aged men from Eastern Finland, which may partially explain the potential cardioprotective effect of fish intake.
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Juric AK, Batal M, David W, Sharp D, Schwartz H, Ing A, Fediuk K, Black A, Tikhonov C, Chan HM. A total diet study and probabilistic assessment risk assessment of dietary mercury exposure among First Nations living on-reserve in Ontario, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:409-420. [PMID: 28689032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methyl Mercury (MeHg) exposure is a global environmental health concern. Indigenous peoples around the world are susceptible to MeHg exposure from often higher fish consumption compared to general populations. The objective of this study was to estimate dietary exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) among First Nations living on-reserve in the province of Ontario, Canada. A total diet study was constructed based on a 24-h recall from the First Nations Food, Nutrition, and Environment Study (FNFNES), and measured contaminant concentrations from Health Canada for market foods, and FNFNES for traditional foods. A probabilistic assessment of annual and seasonal traditional food consumptions was conducted for 1429 adult participants. Results were compared to exposures in the general Canadian population and reference values from Health Canada for adults and women of childbearing age (ages 19-50). Results indicated traditional foods to be the primary contributor to the dietary total MeHg intake (72%). The average dietary total MeHg exposure in the First Nations population in Ontario (0.039μg/kg/d) was 1.6 times higher than the general Canadian population; however, the majority (97.8%) of the population was below the reference values. Mercury concentrations in participants' hair samples (n = 744) ranged from 0.03 to 13.54µg/g, with an average of 0.64µg/g (geometric average of 0.27µg/g). Less than 1% of the population had a hair mercury value above the 6µg/g level, and 1.3% of women of child bearing age had values greater than 2µg/g. Fish species contributing to the MeHg intake included pickerel-walleye, pike, perch and trout. Only 7.9% of the population met the recommended fish consumption rate of two, 3.5oz servings per week from the American Heart Association. Therefore, consumption of lower trophic level fish can be promoted to provide the maximum nutritional benefit with minimal risk of MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold Schwartz
- Health Canada, Environmental Public Health Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Canada
| | - Amy Ing
- Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Karen Fediuk
- Dietitian and Nutrition Researcher, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Constantine Tikhonov
- Health Canada, Environmental Public Health Division, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch (FNIHB), Canada
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14
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Hu XF, Eccles KM, Chan HM. High selenium exposure lowers the odds ratios for hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction associated with mercury exposure among Inuit in Canada. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 102:200-206. [PMID: 28279481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) has been reported to protect against the neurotoxicity of mercury (Hg). However, the effect of Se against Hg on cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Inuit living in the Arctic have high exposure to both Se and Hg through their marine mammal and fish rich traditional diet. OBJECTIVE To characterize the co-exposure of Hg and Se among Inuit in Canada and to assess the associations between Hg, Se and cardiovascular health outcomes, including stroke, hypertension, and myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Data was collected from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (IHS) conducted in 2007 and 2008. Blood Se and Hg were measured, and self-report cardiovascular health outcomes were collected through a questionnaire interview from 2169 adults aged 18 and above. RESULTS The mean age was 42.4years, and 38.7% of the participants were male. The geometric means (GM) of blood Se and total Hg were 319.5μg/L and 7.0μg/L, respectively. The crude prevalence of heart attack, stroke and hypertension were 3.55%, 2.36%, and 24.47% respectively. Participants were categorized into 4 exposure groups according to blood Hg (high: ≥7.8μg/L; low: <7.8μg/L), and Se (high: ≥280μg/L; low: <280μg/L). The odds ratio (OR) of cardiovascular outcomes were estimated using general linearized models. Results showed the low Se and high Hg group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (OR=1.76 for hypertension, 1.57 for stroke, and 1.26 for MI. However, the prevalence was decreased in both the high Se and low Hg group (OR=0.57 for hypertension, 0.44 for stroke, and 0.27 for MI) and the high Se and high Hg group (OR=1.14 for hypertension, 0.31 for stroke, and 0.80 for MI). CONCLUSIONS The high Se and low Hg group had the lowest prevalence of cardiovascular outcomes, except for stroke. These results provide evidence that Se may exhibit a protective effect against Hg on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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15
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Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Carocci A, Lauria G, Catalano A. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010074. [PMID: 28085104 PMCID: PMC5295325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination has exposed humans to various metal agents, including mercury. It has been determined that mercury is not only harmful to the health of vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children, but is also toxic to ordinary adults in various ways. For many years, mercury was used in a wide variety of human activities. Nowadays, the exposure to this metal from both natural and artificial sources is significantly increasing. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure, even to low concentration levels of mercury, can cause cardiovascular, reproductive, and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Possible biological effects of mercury, including the relationship between mercury toxicity and diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction, are being studied. As heart rhythm and function are under autonomic nervous system control, it has been hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of mercury might also impact cardiac autonomic function. Mercury exposure could have a long-lasting effect on cardiac parasympathetic activity and some evidence has shown that mercury exposure might affect heart rate variability, particularly early exposures in children. The mechanism by which mercury produces toxic effects on the cardiovascular system is not fully elucidated, but this mechanism is believed to involve an increase in oxidative stress. The exposure to mercury increases the production of free radicals, potentially because of the role of mercury in the Fenton reaction and a reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. In this review we report an overview on the toxicity of mercury and focus our attention on the toxic effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Genchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
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16
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Zioła-Frankowska A, Dąbrowski M, Kubaszewski Ł, Rogala P, Kowalski A, Frankowski M. An analysis of factors affecting the mercury content in the human femoral bone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:547-557. [PMID: 27734315 PMCID: PMC5219028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the content of mercury in bone tissue of the proximal femur (head and neck bone) of 95 patients undergoing total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis, using CF-AFS analytical technique. Furthermore, the investigations were aimed at assessing the impact of selected factors, such as age, gender, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to chemical substance at work, type of degenerative changes, clinical evaluation and radiological parameters, type of medications, on the concentration of mercury in the head and neck of the femur, resected in situ. Mercury was obtained in all samples of the head and neck of the femur (n = 190) in patients aged 25-91 years. The mean content of mercury for the whole group of patients was as follows: 37.1 ± 35.0 ng/g for the femoral neck and 24.2 ± 19.5 ng/g for the femoral head. The highest Hg contents were found in femoral neck samples, both in women and men, and they amounted to 169.6 and 176.5 ng/g, respectively. The research showed that the mercury content of bones can be associated with body mass index, differences in body anatomy, and gender. The uses of statistical analysis gave the possibility to define the influence of factors on mercury content in human femoral bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zioła-Frankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Dąbrowski
- Department of Spondyloorthopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ł Kubaszewski
- Department of Spondyloorthopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - P Rogala
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Frankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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17
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Weihe P, Debes F, Halling J, Petersen MS, Muckle G, Odland JØ, Dudarev A, Ayotte P, Dewailly É, Grandjean P, Bonefeld-Jørgensen E. Health effects associated with measured levels of contaminants in the Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 75:33805. [PMID: 27974137 PMCID: PMC5156856 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.33805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Health Assessment Group has over the past decade recommended that effect studies be conducted in the circumpolar area. Such studies examine the association between contaminant exposure in the Arctic populations and health effects. Because foetuses and young children are the most vulnerable, effect studies are often prospective child cohort studies. The emphasis in this article is on a description of the effects associated with contaminant exposure in the Arctic. The main topics addressed are neurobehavioural, immunological, reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine and carcinogenic effect. For each topic, the association between exposure and effects is described, and some results are reported for similar studies outside the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands;
| | - Fróði Debes
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Jónrit Halling
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Gina Muckle
- École de psychologie, Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, City, QC, Canada
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Alexey Dudarev
- Northwest Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Univerisity of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Calder RSD, Schartup AT, Li M, Valberg AP, Balcom PH, Sunderland EM. Future Impacts of Hydroelectric Power Development on Methylmercury Exposures of Canadian Indigenous Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13115-13122. [PMID: 27934282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing Canadian hydroelectric resources is a key component of North American plans for meeting future energy demands. Microbial production of the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) is stimulated in newly flooded soils by degradation of labile organic carbon and associated changes in geochemical conditions. We find all 22 Canadian hydroelectric facilities being considered for near-term development are located within 100 km of indigenous communities. For a facility in Labrador, Canada (Muskrat Falls) with planned completion in 2017, we probabilistically modeled peak MeHg enrichment relative to measured baseline conditions in the river to be impounded, downstream estuary, locally harvested fish, birds and seals, and three Inuit communities. Results show a projected 10-fold increase in riverine MeHg levels and a 2.6-fold increase in estuarine surface waters. MeHg concentrations in locally caught species increase 1.3 to 10-fold depending on time spent foraging in different environments. Mean Inuit MeHg exposure is forecasted to double following flooding and over half of the women of childbearing age and young children in the most northern community are projected to exceed the U.S. EPA's reference dose. Equal or greater aqueous MeHg concentrations relative to Muskrat Falls are forecasted for 11 sites across Canada, suggesting the need for mitigation measures prior to flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S D Calder
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Amina T Schartup
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Miling Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Amelia P Valberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Prentiss H Balcom
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, United States
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19
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Miller C, Karimi R, Zhang Q, Yang J, Meliker J. Mercury, eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid demonstrate limited effect on plasma paraoxonase-1 activity and blood pressure among avid seafood consumers in the Long Island Study of Seafood Consumption, NY, USA. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:373-377. [PMID: 27881290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Moderate fish consumption is recommended for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have known beneficial effects on risk factors such as reducing blood pressure (BP) and increasing paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. However concomitant methylmercury (MeHg) exposure from fish consumption may mitigate these benefits and the net effect on BP and PON-1 activity has not been extensively studied in western populations consuming diverse seafood types. We studied the correlation between EPA, DHA and Hg levels with BP and PON-1 activity in a population of avid seafood consumers. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-eight avid seafood consumers from Long Island, NY had blood samples drawn for total blood mercury (THg), plasma EPA and DHA levels, and plasma PON-1 activity. Average systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. RESULTS Subjects' mean EPA+DHA was 4.9% total fatty acids, mean THg was 7.6mcg/L. Mean SBP was 122.5mmHg, mean DBP 70.3mmHg, mean PP 52.2mmHg and mean PON-1 activity 421.2U/L. THg was not associated with any of the BP measures in adjusted linear regression models; EPA+DHA was significantly inversely associated with PP (p=0.02). THg was associated with a significant increase in PON-1 activity (p=0.04), while EPA+DHA was associated with a significant decrease in PON-1 activity (p=0.007); although the size of the effects was small. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest blood THg and serum DHA+EPA levels have limited relationship to BP and PON-1 activity, and may not be important modulators of these known CHD risk factors in this population of avid seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Miller
- Depatment of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Qiao Zhang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, United States; Stony Brook University Program in Public Health, United States.
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20
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Dudley JP, Hoberg EP, Jenkins EJ, Parkinson AJ. Climate Change in the North American Arctic: A One Health Perspective. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:713-25. [PMID: 26070525 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the prevalence of acute and chronic diseases among human and animal populations within the Arctic and subarctic latitudes of North America. Warmer temperatures are expected to increase disease risks from food-borne pathogens, water-borne diseases, and vector-borne zoonoses in human and animal populations of Arctic landscapes. Existing high levels of mercury and persistent organic pollutant chemicals circulating within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in Arctic latitudes are a major concern for the reproductive health of humans and other mammals, and climate warming will accelerate the mobilization and biological amplification of toxic environmental contaminants. The adverse health impacts of Arctic warming will be especially important for wildlife populations and indigenous peoples dependent upon subsistence food resources from wild plants and animals. Additional research is needed to identify and monitor changes in the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in humans, domestic dogs, and wildlife species of critical subsistence, cultural, and economic importance to Arctic peoples. The long-term effects of climate warming in the Arctic cannot be adequately predicted or mitigated without a comprehensive understanding of the interactive and synergistic effects between environmental contaminants and pathogens in the health of wildlife and human communities in Arctic ecosystems. The complexity and magnitude of the documented impacts of climate change on Arctic ecosystems, and the intimacy of connections between their human and wildlife communities, makes this region an appropriate area for development of One Health approaches to identify and mitigate the effects of climate warming at the community, ecosystem, and landscape scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Dudley
- Leidos, Inc., 20201 Century Boulevard, Suite 105, Germantown, MD, 20874, USA.
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- US National Parasite Collection, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Emily J Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Alan J Parkinson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
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Tvermosegaard M, Dahl-Petersen IK, Nielsen NO, Bjerregaard P, Jørgensen ME. Cardiovascular Disease Susceptibility and Resistance in Circumpolar Inuit Populations. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1116-23. [PMID: 26239003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue in indigenous populations in the Arctic. These diseases have emerged concomitantly with profound social changes over the past 60 years. The aim of this study was to summarize the literature on CVD risk among Arctic Inuit. Literature on prevalence, incidence, and time trends for CVD and its risk factors in Arctic Inuit populations was reviewed. Most evidence supports a similar incidence of coronary heart disease and a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease among Arctic Inuit than seen in western populations. Factors that may increase CVD risk include aging of the population, genetic susceptibility, and a rapid increase in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in parallel with decreasing physical activity and deterioration of the lipid profile. In contrast, and of great importance, there has been a decrease in smoking and alcohol intake (at least documented in Greenland), and contaminant levels are declining. Although there have been marked socioeconomic and dietary changes, it remains unsolved and to some extent controversial how this may have influenced cardiovascular risk among Arctic Inuit. The increase in life expectancy, in combination with improved prognosis for patients with manifest CVD, will inevitably lead to a large increase in absolute numbers of individuals affected by CVD in Arctic Inuit populations, exacerbated by the rise in most CVD risk factors over the past decades. For preventive purposes and for health care planning, it is crucial to carefully monitor disease incidence and trends in risk factors in these vulnerable Arctic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tvermosegaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Inger K Dahl-Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Odgaard Nielsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
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22
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Omanwar S, Fahim M. Mercury Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction: An Interplay Between Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:300-7. [PMID: 26060268 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815589766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium plays a vital role in the organization and function of the blood vessel and maintains homeostasis of the circulatory system and normal arterial function. Functional disruption of the endothelium is recognized as the beginning event that triggers the development of consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. There is a growing data associating mercury exposure with endothelial dysfunction and higher risk of CVD. This review explores and evaluates the impact of mercury exposure on CVD and endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of nitric oxide and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Omanwar
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - M Fahim
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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23
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Joo NS, Choi YH, Yeum KJ, Park SJ, Choi B, Kim YS. Blood mercury can be a factor of elevated serum ferritin: analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2008-2012). Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:3-7. [PMID: 25468135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serum ferritin as well as blood mercury are reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. However, the relation between serum ferritin and blood mercury has not yet been established. We utilized the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008-2012) 10,977 subjects (5433 males and 5544 females). To evaluate the association of serum ferritin and blood mercury cross-sectionally, complex sample analysis was conducted after adjustment for the relevant variables. Serum concentrations of ferritin and blood mercury were higher in males than in females (115.7 ± 1.7 vs. 40.9 ± 0.7 ng/mL and 5.0 ± 0.1 vs. 3.6 ± 0.1 μg/L, respectively). Serum ferritin and blood mercury concentrations had significant correlations in both genders after adjustment (r = 0.062, P < 0.001 in males; r = 0.055, P < 0.001 in females). The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test showed significantly higher serum ferritin according to the tertile of blood mercury (P = 0.007) in males. The adjusted odds ratio of having the highest tertile of serum ferritin in the top tertile of blood mercury in males was 1.52 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.21). Thus, the current study indicates that blood mercury concentration can be a factor for the elevated serum ferritin concentration.
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24
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Singh K, Bjerregaard P, Chan HM. Association between environmental contaminants and health outcomes in indigenous populations of the Circumpolar North. Int J Circumpolar Health 2014; 73:25808. [PMID: 25491153 PMCID: PMC4261238 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v73.25808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the 1990s, research has been carried out to monitor environmental contaminants and their effects on human health in the Arctic. Although evidence shows that Arctic indigenous peoples are exposed to higher levels of contaminants and do worse on several dimensions of health compared with other populations, the contribution of such exposures on adverse outcomes is unclear. Objective The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of the published epidemiological literature that has examined association between environmental contaminants and health outcomes in Arctic indigenous populations. Design A literature search was conducted in OVID Medline (1946-January 2014) using search terms that combined concepts of contaminant and indigenous populations in the Arctic. No language or date restrictions were applied. The reference lists of review articles were hand-searched. Results Of 559 citations, 60 studies were relevant. The studies fell under the following categories: paediatric (n=18), reproductive health (n=18), obstetrics and gynaecology (n=9), cardiology (n=7), bone health (n=2), oncology (n=2), endocrinology (n=2) and other (n=2). All studies, except one from Arctic Finland, were either from Nunavik or Greenland. Most studies assessed polychlorinated biphenyls (n=43) and organochlorine pesticides (n=29). Fewer studies examined heavy metals, perfluorinated compounds, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Details of study results for each health category are provided. Conclusions It is difficult to make conclusive statements about the effects of environmental contaminants on health due to mixed results, small number of studies and studies being restricted to a small number of regions. Meta-analytical synthesis of the evidence should be considered for priority contaminants and health outcomes. The following research gaps should be addressed in future studies: association of contaminants and health in other Arctic regions (i.e. Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, Nunatsiavut, Alaska, European North and Russian North); assessment of contaminants on chronic diseases; inclusion of clinical endpoints in assessments; and assessment of the emerging contaminants of perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- Department of Health, Centre for Health Research in Greenland, Greenland Government and University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Canada Research Chair in Toxicology and Environmental Health, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada;
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25
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Montgomery SL, Vorojeikina D, Huang W, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH, Rand MD. Genome-wide association analysis of tolerance to methylmercury toxicity in Drosophila implicates myogenic and neuromuscular developmental pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110375. [PMID: 25360876 PMCID: PMC4215868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a persistent environmental toxin present in seafood that can compromise the developing nervous system in humans. The effects of MeHg toxicity varies among individuals, despite similar levels of exposure, indicating that genetic differences contribute to MeHg susceptibility. To examine how genetic variation impacts MeHg tolerance, we assessed developmental tolerance to MeHg using the sequenced, inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). We found significant genetic variation in the effects of MeHg on development, measured by eclosion rate, giving a broad sense heritability of 0.86. To investigate the influence of dietary factors, we measured MeHg toxicity with caffeine supplementation in the DGRP lines. We found that caffeine counteracts the deleterious effects of MeHg in the majority of lines, and there is significant genetic variance in the magnitude of this effect, with a broad sense heritability of 0.80. We performed genome-wide association (GWA) analysis for both traits, and identified candidate genes that fall into several gene ontology categories, with enrichment for genes involved in muscle and neuromuscular development. Overexpression of glutamate-cysteine ligase, a MeHg protective enzyme, in a muscle-specific manner leads to a robust rescue of eclosion of flies reared on MeHg food. Conversely, mutations in kirre, a pivotal myogenic gene identified in our GWA analyses, modulate tolerance to MeHg during development in accordance with kirre expression levels. Finally, we observe disruptions of indirect flight muscle morphogenesis in MeHg-exposed pupae. Since the pathways for muscle development are evolutionarily conserved, it is likely that the effects of MeHg observed in Drosophila can be generalized across phyla, implicating muscle as an additional hitherto unrecognized target for MeHg toxicity. Furthermore, our observations that caffeine can ameliorate the toxic effects of MeHg show that nutritional factors and dietary manipulations may offer protection against the deleterious effects of MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Montgomery
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Daria Vorojeikina
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics Program, and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics Program, and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics Program, and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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26
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Curren MS, Davis K, Liang CL, Adlard B, Foster WG, Donaldson SG, Kandola K, Brewster J, Potyrala M, Van Oostdam J. Comparing plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and metals in primiparous women from northern and southern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 479-480:306-318. [PMID: 24576741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of Aboriginal peoples in the Canadian Arctic to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals through the consumption of traditional food items is well recognized; however, less information is available for Canadian immigrants. The direct comparison of blood chemical concentrations for expectant primiparous women sampled in the Inuvik and Baffin regions of the Canadian Arctic, as well as Canadian- and foreign-born women from five southern Canadian centers (Halifax, Vancouver, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Calgary), provides relative exposure information for samples of northern and southern mothers in Canada. Based on our analyses, Canadian mothers are exposed to a similar suite of contaminants; however, Inuit first birth mothers residing in the Canadian Arctic had higher age-adjusted geometric mean concentrations for several legacy POPs regulated under the Stockholm Convention, along with lead and total mercury. Significant differences in exposure were observed for Inuit mothers from Baffin who tended to demonstrate higher blood concentrations of POPs and total mercury compared with Inuit mothers from Inuvik. Conversely, northern mothers showed a significantly lower age-adjusted geometric mean concentration for a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-153) compared to southern mothers. Furthermore, southern Canadian mothers born outside of Canada showed the highest individual concentrations measured in the study: 1700 μg/kg lipids for p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and 990 μg/kg lipids for β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). Data from Cycle 1 (2007-2009) of the nationally-representative Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) places these results in a national biomonitoring context and affirms that foreign-born women of child-bearing age experience higher exposures to many POPs and metals than their Canadian-born counterparts in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S Curren
- Chemicals Surveillance Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Karelyn Davis
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Bryan Adlard
- Chemicals Surveillance Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Shawn G Donaldson
- Chemicals Surveillance Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Kami Kandola
- Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
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27
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Moreira ELG, Farina M. An unsolved puzzle: the complex interplay between methylmercury and fish oil-derived fatty acids within the cardiovascular system. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Seabert TA, Pal S, Pinet BM, Haman F, Robidoux MA, Imbeault P, Krümmel EM, Kimpe LE, Blais JM. Elevated contaminants contrasted with potential benefits of ω-3 fatty acids in wild food consumers of two remote first nations communities in northern Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90351. [PMID: 24598815 PMCID: PMC3943865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous communities in Boreal environments rely on locally-harvested wild foods for sustenance. These foods provide many nutritional benefits including higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; such as ω-3) than what is commonly found in store-bought foods. However, wild foods can be a route of exposure to dietary mercury and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, we show a strong association between the frequency of wild food consumption in adults (N = 72) from two remote First Nations communities of Northern Ontario and environmental contaminants in blood (POPs) and hair (mercury). We observed that POPs and mercury were on average 3.5 times higher among those consuming wild foods more often, with many frequent wild food consumers exceeding Canadian and international health guidelines for PCB and mercury exposures. Contaminants in locally-harvested fish and game from these communities were sufficiently high that many participants exceeded the monthly consumption limits for methylmercury and PCBs. Those consuming more wild foods also had higher proportions of potentially beneficial ω-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These results show that the benefits of traditional dietary choices in Boreal regions of Canada must be weighed against the inherent risks of contaminant exposure from these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinjini Pal
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard M. Pinet
- Indigenous Health Research Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francois Haman
- Indigenous Health Research Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Robidoux
- Indigenous Health Research Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva M. Krümmel
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda E. Kimpe
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jules M. Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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29
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Tyrrell J, Melzer D, Henley W, Galloway TS, Osborne NJ. Associations between socioeconomic status and environmental toxicant concentrations in adults in the USA: NHANES 2001-2010. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:328-35. [PMID: 23892225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low level chronic exposure to toxicants is associated with a range of adverse health effects. Understanding the various factors that influence the chemical burden of an individual is of critical importance to public health strategies. We investigated the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and bio-monitored chemical concentration in five cross-sectional waves of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We utilised adjusted linear regression models to investigate the association between 179 toxicants and the poverty income ratio (PIR) for five NHANES waves. We then selected a subset of chemicals associated with PIR in 3 or more NHANES waves and investigated potential mediating factors using structural equation modelling. PIR was associated with 18 chemicals in 3 or more NHANES waves. Higher SES individuals had higher burdens of serum and urinary mercury, arsenic, caesium, thallium, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate and benzophenone-3. Inverse associations were noted between PIR and serum and urinary lead and cadmium, antimony, bisphenol A and three phthalates (mono-benzyl, mono-isobutyl, mono-n-butyl). Key mediators included fish and shellfish consumption for the PIR, mercury, arsenic, thallium and perfluorononanoic acid associations. Sunscreen use was an important mediator in the benzophenone-3/PIR relationship. The association between PIR and cadmium or lead was partially mediated by smoking, occupation and diet. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of exposure patterns as a function of socioeconomic status in US adults, providing important information to guide future public health remediation measures to decrease toxicant and disease burdens within society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tyrrell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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30
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Sunderland EM, Selin NE. Future trends in environmental mercury concentrations: implications for prevention strategies. Environ Health 2013; 12:2. [PMID: 23289850 PMCID: PMC3565940 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In their new paper, Bellanger and coauthors show substantial economic impacts to the EU from neurocognitive impairment associated with methylmercury (MeHg) exposures. The main source of MeHg exposure is seafood consumption, including many marine species harvested from the global oceans. Fish, birds and other wildlife are also susceptible to the impacts of MeHg and already exceed toxicological thresholds in vulnerable regions like the Arctic. Most future emissions scenarios project a growth or stabilization of anthropogenic mercury releases relative to present-day levels. At these emissions levels, inputs of mercury to ecosystems are expected to increase substantially in the future, in part due to growth in the legacy reservoirs of mercury in oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems. Seawater mercury concentration trajectories in areas such as the North Pacific Ocean that supply large quantities of marine fish to the global seafood market are projected to increase by more than 50% by 2050. Fish mercury levels and subsequent human and biological exposures are likely to also increase because production of MeHg in ocean ecosystems is driven by the supply of available inorganic mercury, among other factors. Analyses that only consider changes in primary anthropogenic emissions are likely to underestimate the severity of future deposition and concentration increases associated with growth in mercury reservoirs in the land and ocean. We therefore recommend that future policy analyses consider the fully coupled interactions among short and long-lived reservoirs of mercury in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial ecosystems. Aggressive anthropogenic emission reductions are needed to reduce MeHg exposures and associated health impacts on humans and wildlife and protect the integrity of one of the last wild-food sources globally. In the near-term, public health advice on safe fish consumption choices such as smaller species, younger fish, and harvests from relatively unpolluted ecosystems is needed to minimize exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie M Sunderland
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noelle E Selin
- Engineering Systems Division & Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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