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Wies B, Valls I, Fernandes A, Ubalde-López M, Rocabois A, Vrijheid M, Slama R, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Urban environment and children's health: An umbrella review of exposure response functions for health impact assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:120084. [PMID: 39369784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban settlements have become the main living environment. Understanding the impact of urban exposures on human health has therefore become a growing area of research. Up-to-date knowledge about the influence of urban exposures on pregnant women's and children's health is especially relevant, as they are particularly vulnerable to certain external influences. AIM This review aims to provide a synthesis of systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting on an association between the urban environmental risk factors and health outcomes in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted an umbrella review, methodically analysing systematic reviews with meta-analyses, published between January 2016 and December 2022 in PubMed or Scopus. Adhering to the PRISMA checklist, we searched for free text using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to air pollution, noise pollution, temperature, green space exposure, built and food environment, health outcomes, children (aged 0 - 18 years), pregnancy and systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We extracted key characteristics of each included study and assessed the quality of the included studies via the R-AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS Twenty-four studies met our inclusion criteria and identified 104 associations including 15 exposures and 60 health outcomes. The most frequently studied associations were related to air pollutants, followed by the built and food environment and noise. Birth outcomes (including low birth weight, pre-term birth or stillbirth) were the most commonly affected health outcomes, followed by respiratory outcomes such as asthma or respiratory infections. A total of 45 exposure-response function were reported to be statistically significant, including 10 exposures and 23 health effects. CONCLUSION This umbrella review provides an overview of the evidence and availability of exposure response functions between selected urban exposures and child health outcomes. This helps to identify research gaps and to build the basis for health impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Wies
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Valls
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Fernandes
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Ubalde-López
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey Rocabois
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rémy Slama
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute de Salud Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Duque-Cartagena T, Dalla MDB, Mundstock E, Neto FK, Espinoza SAR, de Moura SK, Zanirati G, Padoin AV, Jimenez JGP, Stein AT, Cañon-Montañez W, Mattiello R. Environmental pollutants as risk factors for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2388. [PMID: 39223561 PMCID: PMC11370099 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior. Evidence suggests that environmental pollutants are associated with ASD incidence. This review aimed to analyze the effect of environmental pollutants on ASD. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies evaluated the association between exposure to environmental pollutants and ASD. We searched COCHRANE CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and gray literature from inception to January 2023. The model used for meta-analysis was inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet). The effect measures were the beta coefficient (β) and the relative risk (RR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Sensitivity analyses were carried out using an instrument to screen or diagnose autism. RESULTS A total of 5,780 studies were identified; 27 were included in the systematic review, and 22 were included in the meta-analysis. These studies included 1,289,183 participants and 129 environmental pollutants. Individual meta-analyses found a significant association between nitrogen dioxide RR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.38; I2: 91%), copper RR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.13; I2: 0%), mono-3-carboxy propyl phthalate β = 0.45 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.70; I2: 0%), monobutyl phthalate β = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.73; I2: 0%) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 138 RR = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.96; I2:0%) with ASD. Subgroup meta-analyses found a significant association with carbon monoxide RR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.25 to 1.97; I2: 0%), nitrogen oxides RR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.15; I2: 34%) and metals RR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.27; I2:24%). CONCLUSION This study found positive associations nitrogen dioxide, copper, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate, and PCB 138, and the development of ASD, likewise, with subgroups of pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and metals. Therefore, it is important to identify these risk factors in children and adolescents to contribute to ASD and identify prevention strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Duque-Cartagena
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcello Dala Bernardina Dalla
- Cassiano Antônio de Moraes University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM/UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Capixaba Institute for Teaching Research and Innovation of the State Health Department of Espirito Santo (ICEPI-SESA), Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Espirito Santense College - FAESA, Cariacica, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mundstock
- Universidade Leonardo da Vinci, Polo Canela, RS, Brazil
- Secretaria da Educação Esporte e Lazer de Canela-Escola Zeferino José Lopes, Canela, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Kalil Neto
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriele Zanirati
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vontobel Padoin
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Airton Tetelbom Stein
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, and Hospital Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dugershaw‐Kurzer B, Bossart J, Buljan M, Hannig Y, Zehnder S, Gupta G, Kissling VM, Nowak‐Sliwinska P, van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW, Masjosthusmann S, Zühr E, Fritsche E, Hornung R, Rduch T, Buerki‐Thurnherr T. Nanoparticles Dysregulate the Human Placental Secretome with Consequences on Angiogenesis and Vascularization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401060. [PMID: 38767187 PMCID: PMC11267331 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) in pregnancy is increasingly linked to adverse effects on embryo-fetal development and health later in life. However, the developmental toxicity mechanisms of NPs are largely unknown, in particular potential effects on the placental secretome, which orchestrates many developmental processes pivotal for pregnancy success. This study demonstrates extensive material- and pregnancy stage-specific deregulation of placental signaling from a single exposure of human placental explants to physiologically relevant concentrations of engineered (silica (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs) and environmental NPs (diesel exhaust particles, DEPs). This includes a multitude of secreted inflammatory, vascular, and endocrine placental factors as well as extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated proteins. Moreover, conditioned media (CM) from NP-exposed explants induce pronounced anti-angiogenic and anti-vasculogenic effects, while early neurodevelopmental processes are only marginally affected. These findings underscore the potential of metal oxide NPs and DEPs for widespread interference with the placental secretome and identify vascular morphogenesis as a sensitive outcome for the indirect developmental toxicity of different NPs. Overall, this work has profound implications for the future safety assessment of NPs for industrial, commercial, or medical applications in pregnancy, which should consider placenta-mediated toxicity by holistic secretomics approaches to ensure the development of safe nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuja Dugershaw‐Kurzer
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | - Jonas Bossart
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
- SIBSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Marija Buljan
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
- SIBSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Yvette Hannig
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zehnder
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
| | - Govind Gupta
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
| | - Vera M. Kissling
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
| | - Patrycja Nowak‐Sliwinska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western SwitzerlandGeneva1211Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of GenevaGeneva1205Switzerland
| | - Judy R. van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis LaboratoryDepartment of Medical OncologyUMC loacation Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam1081The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis LaboratoryDepartment of Medical OncologyUMC loacation Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam1081The Netherlands
| | | | - Etta Zühr
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine40225DuesseldorfGermany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine40225DuesseldorfGermany
- Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University40225DuesseldorfGermany
- DNTOX GmbH40223DuesseldorfGermany
| | - René Hornung
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsCantonal Hospital St.Gallen (KSSG)St. Gallen9007Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rduch
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsCantonal Hospital St.Gallen (KSSG)St. Gallen9007Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki‐Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles‐Biology InteractionsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)St. Gallen9014Switzerland
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Michel SKF, Atmakuri A, von Ehrenstein OS. Systems for rating bodies of evidence used in systematic reviews of air pollution exposure and reproductive and children's health: a methodological survey. Environ Health 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38539160 PMCID: PMC10976715 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating findings from systematic reviews assessing associations between environmental exposures and reproductive and children's health into policy recommendations requires valid and transparent evidence grading. METHODS We aimed to evaluate systems for grading bodies of evidence used in systematic reviews of environmental exposures and reproductive/ children's health outcomes, by conducting a methodological survey of air pollution research, comprising a comprehensive search for and assessment of all relevant systematic reviews. To evaluate the frameworks used for rating the internal validity of primary studies and for grading bodies of evidence (multiple studies), we considered whether and how specific criteria or domains were operationalized to address reproductive/children's environmental health, e.g., whether the timing of exposure assessment was evaluated with regard to vulnerable developmental stages. RESULTS Eighteen out of 177 (9.8%) systematic reviews used formal systems for rating the body of evidence; 15 distinct internal validity assessment tools for primary studies, and nine different grading systems for bodies of evidence were used, with multiple modifications applied to the cited approaches. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework, neither developed specifically for this field, were the most commonly used approaches for rating individual studies and bodies of evidence, respectively. Overall, the identified approaches were highly heterogeneous in both their comprehensiveness and their applicability to reproductive/children's environmental health research. CONCLUSION Establishing the wider use of more appropriate evidence grading methods is instrumental both for strengthening systematic review methodologies, and for the effective development and implementation of environmental public health policies, particularly for protecting pregnant persons and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K F Michel
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Aishwarya Atmakuri
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Trombley J. Fine particulate matter exposure and pediatric mental health outcomes: An integrative review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:977-1007. [PMID: 36941765 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Climate change is expected to worsen air pollution globally, which contributes to a multitude of negative health outcomes in humans. AIM The purpose of this integrative review is to examine the relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS This review utilized Whittemore and Knafl's methodology for conducting an integrative review. After a thorough search of the literature, 17 articles were selected for this review and evaluated utilizing the Johns Hopkins Evidence Based Practice Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Of the 17 articles, all were quantitative observational study designs. The studies were then synthesized into four outcome themes. These themes included emergent and general psychiatric outcomes, neurodevelopmental disorders, stress and anxiety, and depression. DISCUSSION The strongest evidence supports a possible correlation between PM2.5 exposure and adolescent mental health outcomes, although there were some studies that contradicted these associations. While research on this topic is in its early stages, more needs to be conducted to determine causality with any of the associations presented to improve generalizability of the findings. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses must be aware of and part of the solution to address climate change and resulting air pollution, as it is a potentially significant threat to children's mental health in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Trombley
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Gao CJ, Yang F, Wu B, Liang Y, Qin YY, Guo Y. A pilot study of several environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with autism spectrum disorder in south China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:964. [PMID: 37462787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence has implied that environmental pollutants are important factors related to ASD. In this study, several environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including parabens, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, triclosan and tetrabromobisphenol A were analyzed in blood plasma in ASD children (n = 34) and the control children (n = 28). The results showed that parabens were the most concentrated chemicals (2.18 ng/mL, median value), followed by hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.73 ng/mL), benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (0.14 ng/mL), triclosan (0.13 ng/mL) and tetrabromobisphenol A (0.03 ng/mL). ASD children accumulated significantly lower 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone and triclosan but higher 2-hydroxyphenanthrene and tetrabromobisphenol A than the control children (0.02/0.09 ng/mL of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.04/0.07 ng/mL of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.03/0.04 ng/mL of 4-hydroxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.13/1.22 ng/mL of triclosan, p < 0.01; 0.03 ng/mL/not detected of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, p < 0.05; 0.03/0.004 ng/mL of tetrabromobisphenol A, p < 0.05). Gender differences in certain environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals were evident, and the differences were more inclined toward boys. Positive associations between 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and triclosan, and tetrabromobisphenol A and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene were found in ASD boys. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio value of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene in ASD boys was 11.0 (1.45-84.0, p < 0.05). This is the first pilot study on multiple environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals in children with ASD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Jing Gao
- College of Biological and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- Speech Therapy Department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qin
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Bai J, Wang H, Yang S, Lu J, Li C, Sun Y, Huo T, Deng J, Zhang Q. Dust fall PM 2.5-induced lung inflammation in rats is associated with hypermethylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter via the PI3K-Akt-DNMT3b pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103942. [PMID: 35933082 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the major adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the lung system; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. Rats were exposed to different concentrations of PM2.5 to investigate the mechanism of short-term exposure-induced lung inflammation. The regulation of PI3K-Akt and DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was assessed by using a PI3K inhibitor and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. We found that PM2.5 could decrease interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels and increase interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to promote eosinophil infiltration and eventually lead to allergic pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the CpG island methylation rate of the IFN-γ promoter and the protein expression of DNMT3b, PI3K and p-Akt were increased in lung tissues after PM2.5 exposure. Both inhibitors reversed the CpG island hypermethylation of IFN-γ. In conclusion, in PM2.5-induced lung injury, the activated PI3K-Akt pathway, via an increase in DNMT3b expression, is involved in CpG hypermethylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ji Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- School of Environmental and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 404 Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Enkhbat U, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Boldbaatar B, Enkhtuya E, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Allen RW. Portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy and children's autistic behaviors at four years of age: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107432. [PMID: 36007302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may increase children's risk of developing autism spectrum disorder. We quantified the impact of reducing PM exposure during pregnancy on the development of autistic traits in children. We also assessed associations between indoor fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations during pregnancy and autistic traits. METHODS In this parallel-group randomized controlled trial, we randomized 540 non-smoking pregnant women to receive HEPA filter air cleaners or to a control group, which did not receive air cleaners. We administered the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) to caregivers when children were a median of 48 months (range: 48 to 51 months). Our primary outcome was the SRS-2 total T-score. We imputed missing data using multiple imputation with chained equations and our primary analysis was by intention to treat. In secondary analyses, we estimated associations between full pregnancy and trimester-specific indoor PM2.5 concentrations and T-scores. RESULTS We enrolled participants at a median of 11 weeks' gestation. Our analysis included 478 children (233 control, 245 intervention). The intervention reduced average indoor PM2.5 concentrations by 29 % (95 % CI: 21, 37 %). The mean SRS-2 total T-score was 0.5 units lower (95 % CI: -2.5, 1.5) among intervention participants, with evidence of larger benefits for children at the high end of the T-score distribution. An interquartile range (9.6 µg/m3) increase in indoor PM2.5 during pregnancy was associated with 1.8-unit (95 % CI: 0.3, 3.2) increase in mean SRS-2 total T-score. Effect estimates for PM2.5 concentrations by trimester were smaller and confidence intervals spanned no effect. CONCLUSION Reducing indoor PM during pregnancy had little impact on mean autism-related behavior scores in children. However, indoor PM2.5 concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher scores. Exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy may influence the development of autistic traits in childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01741051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undarmaa Enkhbat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Chimeglkham Banzrai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Sarangerel Batsukh
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Enkhtuul Enkhtuya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David C Bellinger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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9
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Lin LZ, Zhan XL, Jin CY, Liang JH, Jing J, Dong GH. The epidemiological evidence linking exposure to ambient particulate matter with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112876. [PMID: 35134379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increasing attention on the associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) in early-life and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the associations remained unclear when considering different types of NDDs and different sizes of PM, and vulnerable exposure windows during early-life were not identified yet. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the published literature on the associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and risk of different types of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search of Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed from inception through 24 January 2022. Two reviewers conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal. A random-effects model was used for meta-analyses with two quality-of-evidence assessments (the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system and the best evidence synthesis system). RESULTS A total of 6554 articles were screened, of which 31 were included in the review, and 20 provided adequate data for meta-analyses. Exposures to particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) during prenatal periods (OR, 1.32 [95%CI, 1.03-1.69]), the first year after birth (OR, 1.62 [95%CI, 1.22-2.15]) and the second year after birth (OR, 3.13 [95%CI, 1.47-6.67]) were associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. The quality of evidence for these associations during early postnatal periods was somewhat moderate with limited studies. We found inconsistent evidence when considering other types of NDDs and different sizes of PM. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Current evidence indicated that there might be an association between PM2.5 exposure and higher risk of ASD, and early postnatal periods appeared to be the critical exposure window. High-quality studies are needed to assess the evidence for other types of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhan
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chu-Yao Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Research Center of Children and Adolescent Psychological and Behavioral Development, Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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10
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Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Shen D, Guo Z, Huang K, Dai P, Jin X, Li Y, Li C. Inflammation-associated pulmonary microbiome and metabolome changes in broilers exposed to particulate matter in broiler houses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126710. [PMID: 34332479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The particulate matter (PM) in livestock houses, one of the primary sources of atmospheric PM, is not only detrimental to the respiratory health of animals and farmworkers but also poses a threat to the public environment and public health and warrants increased attention. In this study, we investigated the variation in the pulmonary microbiome and metabolome in broiler chickens exposed to PM collected from a broiler house. We examined the pulmonary microbiome and metabolome in broilers, observing that PM induced a visible change in α and β diversity. A total of 66 differential genera, including unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae and Campylobacter, were associated with pulmonary inflammation. Untargeted metabolomics was utilised to identify 63 differential metabolites induced by PM and correlated with differential bacteria. We observed that PM resulted in injury of the broiler lung and disruption of the microbial community, as well as causing changes in the observed metabolites. These results imply that perturbations to the microbiome and metabolome may play pivotal roles in the mechanism underlying PM-induced broiler lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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12
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Wang SY, Cheng YY, Guo HR, Tseng YC. Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189784. [PMID: 34574710 PMCID: PMC8467611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants have been linked to some diseases in humans, but their effects on the nervous system were less frequently evaluated. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurondevelopmental disorders of which the etiology is still unknown. We conducted a study in Taiwan to evaluate the possible associations between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and ASD. From a random sample of one million people in the National Insurance Research Database, we identified all the infants born between 1996 and 2000. We followed them till the end of 2013 and identified cases of ASD. We traced back the mothers’ residence and assessed the exposure to air pollutants using the data obtained from the air quality monitoring database maintained by the government, which included ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matters with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10). Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the associations between childhood ASD and exposures to the pollutants in the three trimesters and the whole gestation. We identified a total of 63,376 newborns and included 62,919 as the study cohort. After adjusting for other risk factors, we observed trimester-specific associations between levels of CO, NO2, and PM10 and the risk of childhood ASD. An increase of 1 ppm of CO in the first, second, and third trimester was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.39), 1.77 (95%CI: 1.41–2.22), and 1.75 (95%CI: 1.39–2.21), respectively. An increase of 10 ppb in the level of NO2 in the first, second, and third trimester was associated with an HR of 1.39 (95%CI: 1.22–1.58), 1.25 (95%CI: 1.10–1.42), and 1.18 (95%CI: 1.03–1.34), respectively. In conclusion, we found that exposures to CO and NO2 in all three trimesters were associated with increased risks of developing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-R.G.)
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-R.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-R.G.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Tourism, Food, and Beverage Management, College of Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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13
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Influence of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activating Environmental Pollutants on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179258. [PMID: 34502168 PMCID: PMC8431328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term that includes many different disorders that affect the development, communication, and behavior of an individual. Prevalence of ASD has risen exponentially in the past couple of decades. ASD has a complex etiology and traditionally recognized risk factors only account for a small percentage of incidence of the disorder. Recent studies have examined factors beyond the conventional risk factors (e.g., environmental pollution). There has been an increase in air pollution since the beginning of industrialization. Most environmental pollutants cause toxicities through activation of several cellular receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/cytochrome P450 (CYPs) pathway. There is little research on the involvement of AhR in contributing to ASD. Although a few reviews have discussed and addressed the link between increased prevalence of ASD and exposure to environmental pollutants, the mechanism governing this effect, specifically the role of AhR in ASD development and the molecular mechanisms involved, have not been discussed or reviewed before. This article reviews the state of knowledge regarding the impact of the AhR/CYP pathway modulation upon exposure to environmental pollutants on ASD risk, incidence, and development. It also explores the molecular mechanisms involved, such as epigenesis and polymorphism. In addition, the review explores possible new AhR-mediated mechanisms of several drugs used for treatment of ASD, such as sulforaphane, resveratrol, haloperidol, and metformin.
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14
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Bongaerts E, Aengenheister L, Dugershaw BB, Manser P, Roeffaers MBJ, Ameloot M, Nawrot TS, Bové H, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Label-free detection of uptake, accumulation, and translocation of diesel exhaust particles in ex vivo perfused human placenta. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:144. [PMID: 34001140 PMCID: PMC8130319 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women and developing fetuses comprise a particularly vulnerable population as multiple studies have shown associations between prenatal air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed developmental toxicity are mostly unknown, in particular, if pollution particles can cross the human placenta to reach the fetal circulation. Results Here, we investigated the accumulation and translocation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), as a model particle for combustion-derived pollution, in human perfused placentae using label-free detection by femtosecond pulsed laser illumination. The results do not reveal a significant particle transfer across term placentae within 6 h of perfusion. However, DEPs accumulate in placental tissue, especially in the syncytiotrophoblast layer that mediates a wealth of essential functions to support and maintain a successful pregnancy. Furthermore, DEPs are found in placental macrophages and fetal endothelial cells, showing that some particles can overcome the syncytiotrophoblasts to reach the fetal capillaries. Few particles are also observed inside fetal microvessels. Conclusions Overall, we show that DEPs accumulate in key cell types of the placental tissue and can cross the human placenta, although in limited amounts. These findings are crucial for risk assessment and protection of pregnant women and highlight the urgent need for further research on the direct and indirect placenta-mediated developmental toxicity of ambient particulates. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00886-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bongaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leonie Aengenheister
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Battuja B Dugershaw
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pius Manser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 703, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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15
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Cox LA. How Do Exposure Estimation Errors Affect Estimated Exposure-Response Relations? INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021:449-474. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57358-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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16
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Amiri M, Lamballais S, Geenjaar E, Blanken LME, El Marroun H, Tiemeier H, White T. Environment-Wide Association Study (E n WAS) of Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Autistic Traits: A Population-Based Study. Autism Res 2020; 13:1582-1600. [PMID: 32830427 PMCID: PMC7540497 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the origins of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While a number of studies have described specific environmental factors associating with emerging ASD, studies that compare and contrast multiple environmental factors in the same study are lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to perform a prospective, data-driven environmental-wide association study of pre- and perinatal factors associated with the later development of autistic symptoms in childhood. The participants included 3891 6-year-old children from a birth cohort with pre- and perinatal data. Autistic symptoms were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale in all children. Prior to any analyses, the sample was randomly split into a discovery set (2920) and a test set (921). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each of 920 variables, correcting for six of the most common covariates in epidemiological studies. We found 111 different pre- and perinatal factors associated with autistic traits during childhood. In secondary analyses where we controlled for parental psychopathology, 23 variables in the domains of family and interpersonal relationships were associated with the development of autistic symptoms during childhood. In conclusion, a data-driven approach was used to identify a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors associating with higher childhood autistic symptoms. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These measures could potentially be used for the early identification of those at increased risk to develop ASD. LAY SUMMARY: A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Each environmental factor may affect the risk of ASD. In a study on 6-year-old children, a number of pre- and perinatal risk factors were identified that are associated with autistic symptoms in childhood. These factors include measures of parental psychopathology and family and interpersonal relationships. These variables could potentially serve as markers to identify those at increased risk to develop ASD or autistic symptoms. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1582-1600. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Amiri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eloy Geenjaar
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Nogarotto DC, Pozza SA. A review of multivariate analysis: is there a relationship between airborne particulate matter and meteorological variables? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:573. [PMID: 32772266 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among statistical tools for the study of atmospheric pollutants, trajectory regression analysis (TRA), cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) can be highlighted. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review of such techniques based on (i) air mass influences on particulate matter (PM) and (ii) the study of the relationship between PM and meteorological variables. This article aims to review studies that use TRA and to review studies that adopt CA and/or PCA to identify the associations and relationship between meteorological variables and atmospheric pollutants. Papers published between 2006 and 2018 and indexed by five of the main scientific databases were considered (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations supported this systematic review. From the resulting most relevant papers, eight studies analyzed the influence of air mass trajectories on PM using TRA and twenty-one studies searched for the relationship between meteorological variables and PM using CA and/or PCA. A combination of TRA and time series models was identified as the possibility of future works. Besides, studies that simultaneously combine the three techniques to identify both the influence of air masses on PM and its relationship with meteorological variables are a possibility of future papers, because it can lead to a better comprehension of such a phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Andrea Pozza
- School of Technology (FT), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
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18
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Wu CD, Chern YR, Pan WC, Lung SCC, Yao TC, Tsai HJ, Spengler JD. Effects of surrounding environment on incidence of end stage renal disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137915. [PMID: 32392675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been noted around the world. However, no study has been conducted to examine the effect of surrounding environment on incidence of ESRD. This study assessed the associations of exposure to PM2.5 level and surrounding green spaces, separately, with incidence of ESRD in Taiwan. Demographic and clinical data used in this study was retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database from 2003 to 2012. PM2.5 data collected from the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan and a hybrid land-use regression model was used to approximate long-term exposure to PM2.5. Percentage of exposure to surrounding green spaces was used to determine individual exposure level. Cox proportional hazards models with a generalized estimating equation were applied to investigate the effect of surrounding environment on incidence of ESRD. The results showed significant positive association between exposure to PM2.5 level and incidence of ESRD; but inverse association between exposure to surrounding green spaces and incidence of ESRD (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.15 for exposure to PM2.5 level; AHR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84-0.98 for surrounding green spaces). Together, the findings from this study have added suggestive evidence on the adverse effect of exposure to PM2.5 level and the beneficial effect of exposure to surrounding green spaces on the incidence of ESRD in a general population in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
| | - Yinq-Rong Chern
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan.
| | - John D Spengler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Li J, Hu Y, Liu L, Wang Q, Zeng J, Chen C. PM2.5 exposure perturbs lung microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137432. [PMID: 32169651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have become a major public health concern because of their adverse effects on health. Lungs are considered the primary organ affected by PM2.5. In order to understand the mechanism underlying PM2.5-induced lung injury, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of PM2.5 exposure on lung microbiome and its metabolic profile. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation and a lung injury model was established. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that PM2.5 exposure significantly altered the richness, evenness, and composition of the lung microbiome. Metabolomics profiling showed that the levels of lung metabolites were perturbed after PM2.5 exposure. The altered metabolites mainly belonged to metabolic pathways, such as the citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism. The altered lung microbiota showed significant correlations with lung metabolites. The levels of fumaric acid negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. These results revealed that PM2.5 exposure not only significantly altered the lung microbiome composition but also perturbed a number of metabolites involved in diverse metabolic pathways. This study improves our understanding of the mechanism of lung injury after PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China; The Interventional Pulmonary Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Jenwitheesuk K, Peansukwech U, Jenwitheesuk K. Construction of polluted aerosol in accumulation that affects the incidence of lung cancer. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03337. [PMID: 32072045 PMCID: PMC7016011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This model demonstrated the correlation between lung cancer incidences and the parts of ambient air pollution according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s high resolution technology satellites. Methods Chemical type of aerosols was investigated by the Aerosol Diagnostics Model such as black carbon, mineral dust, organic carbon, sea-salt and SO4. The model investigated associations between the six year accumulation of each aerosol and lung cancer incidence by Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model. Which also represented integrated geophysical parameters. Results In analyses of accumulated chemical aerosol component from 2010 – 2016, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of patients in 2017 were estimated. We observed a significant increasing risk for organic carbon exposure (IRR 1.021, 95%CI 1.020–1.022), SO4, (IRR 1.026, 95% CI 1.025–1.028) and dust, (IRR 1.061, 95% CI 1.058–1.064). There was also suggestion of an increased risk with, every 1 ug/m3 increase in organic carbon compound is associated with 21% increased risk of lung cancer, whereas a 26% excess risk of cancer per 1 ug/m3 increase in mean SO4 and 61% increased risk of lung cancer for dust levels. The other variables were the negative IRR which did not increase the risk of the exposed group. Conclusion With our results, this process can determine that organic carbon, SO4 and dust was significantly associated with the elevated risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriangsak Jenwitheesuk
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Udomlack Peansukwech
- Research Manager & Consultant of Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Jenwitheesuk
- Plastic & Reconstructive Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Donzelli G, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Llopis-Morales A, Cioni L, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. Particulate Matter Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:E67. [PMID: 31861799 PMCID: PMC6982101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common cognitive and behavioural disorder affecting children, with a worldwide-pooled prevalence of around 5%. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is suspected to be associated with autism spectrum disorders and recent studies have investigated the relationship between PM exposure and ADHD. In the absence of any synthesis of the relevant literature on this topic, this systematic review of epidemiological studies aimed to investigate the relationship between the exposure of children to PM and ADHD and identify gaps in our current knowledge. In December 2018, we searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We only included epidemiological studies carried out on children without any age limit, measuring PM exposure and health outcomes related to ADHD. We assessed the quality of the articles and the risk of bias for each included article using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach, respectively. The keyword search yielded 774 results. Twelve studies with a total number of 181,144 children met our inclusion criteria, of which 10 were prospective cohort studies and 2 were cross-sectional studies. We subsequently classified the selected articles as high or good quality studies. A total of 9 out of the 12 studies reported a positive association between PM exposure to outdoor air pollution and behavioral problems related to attention. Despite these results, we found a significant degree of heterogeneity among the study designs. Furthermore, 11 studies were judged to be at a probably high risk of bias in the exposure assessment. In conclusion, we opine that further high quality studies are still needed in order to clarify the association between PM exposure and ADHD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Donzelli
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andres Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-G.); (A.L.-M.); (M.M.-S.-V.)
| | - Agustin Llopis-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andres Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-G.); (A.L.-M.); (M.M.-S.-V.)
- Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Llopis-Morales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andres Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-G.); (A.L.-M.); (M.M.-S.-V.)
| | - Lorenzo Cioni
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andres Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-G.); (A.L.-M.); (M.M.-S.-V.)
- Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Geng R, Fang S, Li G. The association between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 75:59-63. [PMID: 31078619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Particulate matter (PM) as an environmental pollutant is suspected to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess whether exposures to PM2.5 during the first three years of life in relation to the risk and degree of the severity of ASD. METHODS A total of two hundred and ninety-seven 3-6 years old Chinese children (99 confirmed autism cases and 198 their age-gender matched control subjects) were included. Children's exposures to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) during the first three years after birth were estimated. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the PM2.5-ASD association. RESULTS The mean levels of PM2.5 exposures in ASD and typical developmental children during the first three years of life were 89.8[standard deviations (SD): 6.1] μg/m3 and 87.3(6.6) μg/m3, respectively (p = 0.002). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the serum levels of PM2.5 and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score indicating severity of autism (r = 0.259; p = 0.010). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff value of PM2.5 levels as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of ASD was projected to be 89.5ug/m3, which yielded a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 63.2%, with the area under the curve at 0.61 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.54-0.68; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis models were used to assess ASD risk according to PM2.5 quartiles (the lowest quartile [Q1] as the reference), with the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) were recorded. As shown in the Table 2, the 3rd and 4th quartile of PM2.5 were compared against the Q1, and the risks were increased by 103% (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.13-5.54; p = 0.015) and 311% (4.15; 2.04-9.45; p = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, the evidence from this study allowed us to conclude that there was an association between PM2.5 exposure and ASD risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Kenli District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, 257500, China
| | - Suqin Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Kenli District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, 257500, China
| | - Guizhi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Kenli District, Dongying City, Shandong Province, 257500, China.
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Kaufman JA, Wright JM, Rice G, Connolly N, Bowers K, Anixt J. Ambient ozone and fine particulate matter exposures and autism spectrum disorder in metropolitan Cincinnati, Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:218-227. [PMID: 30684889 PMCID: PMC7232936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies report fairly consistent associations between various air pollution metrics and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with some elevated risks reported for different prenatal and postnatal periods. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between ASD and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations during the prenatal period through the second year of life in a case-control study. METHODS ASD cases (n = 428) diagnosed at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center were frequency matched (15:1) to 6420 controls from Ohio birth records. We assigned daily PM2.5 and ozone estimates for 2005-2012 from US EPA's Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling model to each participant for each day based on the mother's census tract of residence at birth. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using logistic regression across continuous and categorical exposure window averages (trimesters, first and second postnatal years, and cumulative measure), adjusting for maternal- and birth-related confounders, both air pollutants, and multiple temporal exposure windows. RESULTS We detected elevated aORs for PM2.5 during the 2nd trimester, 1st year of life, and a cumulative period from pregnancy through the 2nd year (aOR ranges across categories: 1.41-1.44, 1.54-1.84, and 1.41-1.52 respectively), and for ozone in the 2nd year of life (aOR range across categories: 1.29-1.42). Per each change in IQR, we observed elevated aORs for ozone in the 3rd trimester, 1st and 2nd years of life, and the cumulative period (aOR range: 1.19-1.27) and for PM2.5 in the 2nd trimester, 1st year of life, and the cumulative period (aOR range: 1.11-1.17). DISCUSSION We saw limited evidence of linear exposure-response relationships for ASD with increasing air pollution, but the elevated aORs detected for PM2.5 in upper exposure categories and per IQR unit increases were similar in magnitude to those reported in previous studies, especially for postnatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kaufman
- Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, hosted by National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - J Michael Wright
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Glenn Rice
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, 26W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | | | - Katherine Bowers
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Julia Anixt
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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Jiang L, Wang T, Xue J, Yu P, Zhang J, Wang J. Nanosized carbon black exposure induces neural injury: effects on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1108-1117. [PMID: 30932216 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black in ambient air is believed to be the cause of many diseases; however, its potential neural toxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study is to evaluate the toxic effects of carbon black nanoparticles, Printex 90, on the neural cell line PC-12. The study revealed that Printex 90 treatment significantly decreased cell viability, accompanied by an enormous increase in reactive oxygen species generation and a decrease in ATP. Additionally, NOX2 and NOX4, 4-hydroxynonenal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker proteins (IRE-1α, ATF-6, GRP78, PERK and the downstream target protein CHOP) and antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. It showed that Printex 90 significantly upregulated 4-hydroxynonenal, NOX2 and NOX4 expression, and the levels, or activity, of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, were markedly reduced. For the ER stress-associated proteins, Printex 90 induced a significant increase of IRE-1α, ATF-6, GRP78, p-PERK and CHOP expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NOX and ER stress are involved in Printex 90-mediated neural damage. Therefore, decreased ER stress and NOX-derived reactive oxygen species generation may provide compensatory protective effects and attenuate Printex 90-induced neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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Pelch KE, Bolden AL, Kwiatkowski CF. Environmental Chemicals and Autism: A Scoping Review of the Human and Animal Research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:46001. [PMID: 30942615 PMCID: PMC6785231 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of autism prevalence have increased dramatically over the past two decades. Evidence suggests environmental factors may contribute to the etiology of the disorder. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to identify and categorize primary research and reviews on the association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to environmental chemicals and the development of autism in epidemiological studies and rodent models of autism. METHODS PubMed was searched through 8 February 2018. Included studies assessed exposure to environmental chemicals prior to 2 months of age in humans or 14 d in rodents. Rodent studies were considered relevant if they included at least one measurement of reciprocal social communicative behavior or repetitive and stereotyped behavior. Study details are presented in interactive displays using Tableau Public. RESULTS The search returned 21,603 unique studies, of which 54 epidemiological studies, 46 experimental rodent studies, and 50 reviews were deemed relevant, covering 152 chemical exposures. The most frequently studied exposures in humans were particulate matter ([Formula: see text]), mercury ([Formula: see text]), nonspecific air pollution ([Formula: see text]), and lead ([Formula: see text]). In rodent studies, the most frequently studied exposures were chlorpyrifos ([Formula: see text]), mercury ([Formula: see text]), and lead ([Formula: see text]). DISCUSSION Although research is growing rapidly, wide variability exists in study design and conduct, exposures investigated, and outcomes assessed. Conclusions focus on recommendations to guide development of best practices in epidemiology and toxicology, including greater harmonization across these fields of research to more quickly and efficiently identify chemicals of concern. In particular, we recommend chlorpyrifos, lead, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) be systematically reviewed in order to assess their relationship with the development of autism. There is a pressing need to move forward quickly and efficiently to understand environmental influences on autism in order to answer current regulatory questions and inform treatment and prevention efforts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4386.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carol F. Kwiatkowski
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, Eckert, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Shi Y, Zhao T, Yang X, Sun B, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5-induced alteration of DNA methylation and RNA-transcription are associated with inflammatory response and lung injury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:908-921. [PMID: 30308865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of systemic pulmonary inflammation and toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure remains unclear. The current study investigated the inflammatory response and lung toxicity of PM2.5 in rats following intratracheal instillation of PM2.5. After repeated (treated every 3 days for 30 days) PM2.5 exposure, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were markedly elevated. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in rat lung tissue and BEAS-2B cells were significantly upregulated after PM2.5 exposure. Histopathological evaluation suggested that the major pathological changes were alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs. Genome wide DNA methylation and RNA-transcription analysis was performed on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to explore the potential mechanisms in vitro. PM2.5 induced genome wide DNA methylation and transcription changes. Differentially methylated CpGs were located in gene promoter region linked with CpG islands. Integrated analysis with DNA methylation and transcription data indicated a clear bias toward transcriptional alteration by differential methylation. Disease ontology of differentially methylated and expressed genes addressed their prominent role in respiratory disease. Functional enrichment revealed their involvement in inflammation or immune response, cellular community, cellular motility, cell growth, development and differentiation, signal transduction and responses to exogenous stimuli. Gene expression validation of ACTN4, CXCL1, MARK2, ABR, PSEN1, PSMA3, PSMD1 verified their functional participation in critical biological processes and supported the microarray bioinformatics analysis. Collectively, our data shows that PM2.5 induced genome wide methylome and transcriptome alterations that could be involved in pulmonary toxicity and pathological process of respiratory disease, providing new insight into the toxicity mechanisms of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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27
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Pagalan L, Bickford C, Weikum W, Lanphear B, Brauer M, Lanphear N, Hanley GE, Oberlander TF, Winters M. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution With Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:86-92. [PMID: 30452514 PMCID: PMC6583438 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is poorly understood, but prior studies suggest associations with airborne pollutants. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal exposures to airborne pollutants and ASD in a large population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort encompassed nearly all births in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 2004 through 2009, with follow-up through 2014. Children were diagnosed with ASD using a standardized assessment with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Monthly mean exposures to particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the maternal residence during pregnancy were estimated with temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models. The association between prenatal air pollution exposures and the odds of developing ASD was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for child sex, birth month, birth year, maternal age, maternal birthplace, and neighborhood-level urbanicity and income band. Data analysis occurred from June 2016 to May 2018. EXPOSURES Mean monthly concentrations of ambient PM2.5, NO, and NO2 at the maternal residence during pregnancy, calculated retrospectively using temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses based on standardized assessment of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The hypothesis being tested was formulated during data collection. RESULTS In a cohort of 132 256 births, 1307 children (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD by the age of 5 years. The final sample size for the PM2.5-adjusted model was 129 439 children, and for NO and NO2, it was 129 436 children; of these, 1276 (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD. Adjusted odds ratios for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) were not significant for exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy (1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.10] per 1.5 μg/m3 increase [IQR] in PM2.5) or NO2 (1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.12] per 4.8 ppb [IQR] increase in NO2) but the odds ratio was significant for NO (1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.13] per 10.7 ppb [IQR] increase in NO). Odds ratios for male children were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.10) for PM2.5; 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02-1.15) for NO; and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.13) for NO2. For female children, they were for 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.18) for PM2.5; 0.98 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13) for NO; and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86-1.16) for NO2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a population-based birth cohort, we detected an association between exposure to NO and ASD but no significant association with PM2.5 and NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lief Pagalan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre of Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Celeste Bickford
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Whitney Weikum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy Lanphear
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gillian E. Hanley
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre of Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and autism spectrum disorder in children: A case-control study in Tehran, Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1216-1222. [PMID: 30189537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rovira J, Sierra J, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Main components of PM 10 in an area influenced by a cement plant in Catalonia, Spain: Seasonal and daily variations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 165:201-209. [PMID: 29727820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) composition has a key role in a wide range of health outcomes, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death, among others. Montcada i Reixac, a municipality located in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Catalonia, Spain), for its location and orography, is an interesting case- study to investigate air pollution. The area is also characterized by the presence of different industrial emission sources, including a cement factory and a large waste management plant, as well as an intense traffic. In this study, PM10 levels, trace elements, ions, and carbonaceous particles were determined for a long time period (2013-2016) in this highly polluted area. PM10 samples were collected during six consecutive days in two campaigns (cold and warm) per year. A number of elements (As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, K, La, Li, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, and Zr), ions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+), and carbonaceous content (total carbon, organic plus elemental carbon, and CO32-), were analysed. These data were used to identify the PM10 main components: mineral matter, sea spray, secondary inorganic aerosols, organic matter plus elemental carbon, trace elements or indeterminate fraction. Although a clear seasonality (cold vs. warm periods) was found, there were no differences between working days and weekends. Obviously, the cement plant influences the surrounding environment. However, no differences in trace elements related with the cement plant activity (Al, Ca, Ni and V) between weekdays and weekends were noted. However, some traffic-related elements (i.e., Co, Cr, Mn, and Sb) showed significantly higher concentrations in weekdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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30
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Cox LAT. Effects of exposure estimation errors on estimated exposure-response relations for PM2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:636-646. [PMID: 29627760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure concentrations and a wide variety of undesirable outcomes, from autism and auto theft to elderly mortality, suicide, and violent crime, have been widely reported. Influential articles have argued that reducing National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 is desirable to reduce these outcomes. Yet, other studies have found that reducing black smoke and other particulate matter by as much as 70% and dozens of micrograms per cubic meter has not detectably affected all-cause mortality rates even after decades, despite strong, statistically significant positive exposure concentration-response (C-R) associations between them. This paper examines whether this disconnect between association and causation might be explained in part by ignored estimation errors in estimated exposure concentrations. We use EPA air quality monitor data from the Los Angeles area of California to examine the shapes of estimated C-R functions for PM2.5 when the true C-R functions are assumed to be step functions with well-defined response thresholds. The estimated C-R functions mistakenly show risk as smoothly increasing with concentrations even well below the response thresholds, thus incorrectly predicting substantial risk reductions from reductions in concentrations that do not affect health risks. We conclude that ignored estimation errors obscure the shapes of true C-R functions, including possible thresholds, possibly leading to unrealistic predictions of the changes in risk caused by changing exposures. Instead of estimating improvements in public health per unit reduction (e.g., per 10 µg/m3 decrease) in average PM2.5 concentrations, it may be essential to consider how interventions change the distributions of exposure concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Anthony Tony Cox
- Cox Associates and University of Colorado, 503 N. Franklin Street, Denver, CO 80218, USA.
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