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Karuppiah V, Zhixiang L, Liu H, Murugappan V, Kumaran S, Perianaika Anahas AM, Chen J. Co-cultivation of T. asperellum GDFS1009 and B. amyloliquefaciens 1841: Strategy to regulate the production of ligno-cellulolytic enzymes for the lignocellulose biomass degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113833. [PMID: 34592667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of fossil fuels on the environment focused on the development of new technology on biofuels. In this situation, lignocellulolytic hydrolysis enzymes such as Cellobiohydrolase, β-Glucosidase, Endoglucanase, cellulase and xylanase have broad applications in the biofuel production. The Trichoderma have used for the production of cellulase and xylanase to hydrolyze the lignocellulose. Hence, in the present study, co-culture has been employed to induce the production of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes under both induction and repression conditions. The enzyme activity and its gene expression were induced by the co-culture of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens compared to the monoculture. Further, the co-culture upregulated the transcription regulatory genes and downregulated the repressor genes under both repressor and inducer conditions, respectively. The crude enzyme produced by the co-culture and monocultures using the optimized medium containing molasses, cornmeal and rice bran were further used to hydrolyze the pretreated corn Stover, rice straw, and wheat straw. These results indicate that the co-culture of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens is a promising and inexpensive method to advance the innovation on the continuous production of cellulase and xylanase under different circumstances for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into glucose for the bio-fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valliappan Karuppiah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lu Zhixiang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Vallikkannu Murugappan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Subramanian Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | | | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Xu W, Fan J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Ren A, Yu H, Shi L, Zhao M. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates the lignocellulosic decomposition rate through metabolism in Ganoderma lucidum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6316105. [PMID: 34227669 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) can be modulated to regulate intracellular metabolism under different culture conditions. In Ganoderma lucidum, the role of MPC in regulating carbon sources remains unknown. By knocking down MPC genes (MPC1 and MPC2), this research found that the loss of MPC increased the growth rate of G. lucidum by ~30% in a medium with wood chips as a carbon source. Then cellulase and laccase activities were tested. Endoglucanase and laccase activity increased by ~50% and ~35%, respectively, in MPC knockdown mutants compared with that in the wild type strain. Finally, the expression levels of genes related to glycolysis were assayed, and the transcription levels of these enzymes were found to be increased by ~250% compared with the wild type strain. In conclusion, the regulation of intracellular metabolism by MPC provides a new way to improve the use of nondominant carbon sources such as lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junpei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hanshou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Méndez-Líter JA, de Eugenio LI, Hakalin NLS, Prieto A, Martínez MJ. Production of a β-Glucosidase-Rich Cocktail from Talaromyces amestolkiae Using Raw Glycerol: Its Role for Lignocellulose Waste Valorization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050363. [PMID: 34066619 PMCID: PMC8148544 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As β-glucosidases represent the major bottleneck for the industrial degradation of plant biomass, great efforts are being devoted to discover both novel and robust versions of these enzymes, as well as to develop efficient and inexpensive ways to produce them. In this work, raw glycerol from chemical production of biodiesel was tested as carbon source for the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae with the aim of producing enzyme β-glucosidase-enriched cocktails. Approximately 11 U/mL β-glucosidase was detected in these cultures, constituting the major cellulolytic activity. Proteomic analysis showed BGL-3 as the most abundant protein and the main β-glucosidase. This crude enzyme was successfully used to supplement a basal commercial cellulolytic cocktail (Celluclast 1.5 L) for saccharification of pretreated wheat straw, corroborating that even hardly exploitable industrial wastes, such as glycerol, can be used as secondary raw materials to produce valuable enzymatic preparations in a framework of the circular economy.
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Hasan GA, Mohesien MT. Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes by Chaetomium Species. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hou R, Hu J, Wang Y, Wei H, Gao MT. Simultaneous production of cellulase and ferulic acid esterase by Penicillium decumbens with rice straw as the sole carbon source. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:276-283. [PMID: 31630943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As well as cellulose and hemicelluloses, rice straw contains phenolic acids. The simultaneous production of monosaccharides and phenolic acids could improve the value of rice straw. In this study, it was confirmed that Penicillium decumbens produces more ferulic acid esterase (FAE) than other cellulase-producing fungi. Cellulose, destarched wheat bran (DSWB), and rice straw were used as carbon sources. Little phenolic acid was released by cellulose- and DSWB-based enzymes during the saccharification of rice straw, whereas rice straw was a favorable carbon source for the simultaneous production of cellulase and FAE. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that during enzyme production, phenolic acids were released from rice straw, and ball-milling affected this release of phenolic acids. Small amounts of phenolic acids induced FAE production. Although the enzymes produced with rice straw showed lower FAE activity than those produced with DSWB, phenolic acids were produced efficiently during the saccharification of rice straw in response to the synergistic effects of cellulase and FAE. Therefore, we suggest that the production of enzymes by P. decumbens on rice straw as the sole carbon source will allow the production of more valuable products from rice straw, making the utilization of rice straw more economic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Huanran Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China.
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A Chrysoporthe cubensis enzyme cocktail produced from a low-cost carbon source with high biomass hydrolysis efficiency. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634326 PMCID: PMC5478631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Low cost and high efficiency cellulolytic cocktails can consolidate lignocellulosic ethanol technologies. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a low cost agro-industrial residue, and its use as a carbon source can reduce the costs of fungi cultivation for enzyme production. Chrysoporthe cubensis grown under solid state fermentation (SSF) with wheat bran has potential to produce efficient enzymatic extracts for SCB saccharification. This fungus was grown under submersed fermentation (SmF) and SSF with in natura SCB, pretreated with acid or alkali and with others carbon sources. In natura SCB induced the highest carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase, β-xylosidase, α-galactosidase and mannanase activities by C. cubensis under SSF. In natura and washed SCB, inducers of enzyme production under SSF, did not induce high cellulases and hemicellulases production by C. cubensis in SmF. The C. cubensis enzymatic extract produced under SSF with in natura SCB as a carbon source was more efficient for lignocelulolic biomass hydrolysis than extracts produced under SSF with wheat bran and commercial cellulolytic extract. Chrysoporthe cubensis showed high potential for cellulases and hemicellulases production, especially when grown under SSF with in natura SCB as carbon source.
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Sharma Ghimire P, Ouyang H, Wang Q, Luo Y, Shi B, Yang J, Lü Y, Jin C. Insight into Enzymatic Degradation of Corn, Wheat, and Soybean Cell Wall Cellulose Using Quantitative Secretome Analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4387-4402. [PMID: 27618962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocelluloses contained in animal forage cannot be digested by pigs or poultry with 100% efficiency. On contrary, Aspergillus fumigatus, a saprophytic filamentous fungus, is known to harbor 263 glycoside hydrolase encoding genes, suggesting that A. fumigatus is an efficient lignocellulose degrader. Hence the present study uses corn, wheat, or soybean as a sole carbon source to culture A. fumigatus under animal physiological condition to understand how cellulolytic enzymes work together to achieve an efficient degradation of lignocellulose. Our results showed that A. fumigatus produced different sets of enzymes to degrade lignocelluloses derived from corn, wheat, or soybean cell wall. In addition, the cellulolytic enzymes produced by A. fumigatus were stable under acidic condition or at higher temperatures. Using isobaric tags for a relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach, a total of ∼600 extracellular proteins were identified and quantified, in which ∼50 proteins were involved in lignocellulolysis, including cellulases, hemicellulases, lignin-degrading enzymes, and some hypothetical proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004670. On the basis of quantitative iTRAQ results, 14 genes were selected for further confirmation by RT-PCR. Taken together, our results indicated that the expression and regulation of lignocellulolytic proteins in the secretome of A. fumigatus were dependent on both nature and complexity of cellulose, thus suggesting that a different enzyme system is required for degradation of different lignocelluloses derived from plant cells. Although A. fumigatus is a pathogenic fungus and cannot be directly used as an enzyme source, as an efficient lignocellulose degrader its strategy to synergistically degrade various lignocelluloses with different enzymes can be used to design enzyme combination for optimal digestion and absorption of corn, wheat, or soybean that are used as forage of pig and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
- Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI) , Bouddha-6, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Haomiao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
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Prasanna HN, Ramanjaneyulu G, Rajasekhar Reddy B. Optimization of cellulase production by Penicillium sp. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:162. [PMID: 28330234 PMCID: PMC4978645 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of cellulolytic enzymes (β-exoglucanase, β-endoglucanase and β-glucosidase) by Penicillium sp. on three different media in liquid shake culture conditions was compared. The organism exhibited relatively highest activity of endoglucanase among three enzymes measured at 7-day interval during the course of its growth on Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) cellulose. Cellulose at 0.5 %, lactose at 0.5 %, sawdust at 0.5 %, yeast extract at 0.2 % as a nitrogen source, pH 5.0 and 30 °C temperature were found to be optimal for growth and cellulase production by Penicillium sp. Yields of Fpase, CMCase and β-glucosidase, attained on optimized medium with Penicillium sp. were 8.7, 25 and 9.52 U/ml, respectively with increment of 9.2, 5.9 and 43.8-folds over titers of the respective enzyme on unoptimised medium. Cellulase of the fungal culture with the ratio of β-glucosidase to Fpase greater than one will hold potential for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Prasanna
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Ramanjaneyulu
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Rajasekhar Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Rai R, Kaur B, Singh S, Di Falco M, Tsang A, Chadha BS. Evaluation of secretome of highly efficient lignocellulolytic Penicillium sp. Dal 5 isolated from rhizosphere of conifers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:958-67. [PMID: 27341464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium sp. (Dal 5) isolated from rhizosphere of conifers from Dalhousie (Himachal Pradesh, India) was found to be an efficient cellulolytic strain. The culture under shake flask on CWR (cellulose, wheat bran and rice straw) medium produced appreciably higher levels of endoglucanase (35.69U/ml), β-glucosidase (4.20U/ml), cellobiohydrolase (2.86U/ml), FPase (1.2U/ml) and xylanase (115U/ml) compared to other Penicillium strains reported in literature. The mass spectroscopy analysis of Penicillium sp. Dal 5 secretome identified 108 proteins constituting an array of CAZymes including glycosyl hydrolases (GH) belonging to 24 different families, polysaccharide lyases (PL), carbohydrate esterases (CE), lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMO) in addition to swollenin and a variety of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) indicating an elaborate genetic potential of this strain for hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. Further, the culture extract was evaluated for hydrolysis of alkali treated rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and corn cob at 10% substrate loading rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Macros Di Falco
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - B S Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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Boggione MJ, Becher R, Farruggia B. Single method of purification for endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger by polyelectrolyte precipitation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ryu S, Hipp J, Trinh CT. Activating and Elucidating Metabolism of Complex Sugars in Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1334-1345. [PMID: 26682853 PMCID: PMC4751822 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03582-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is an industrially important host for production of organic acids, oleochemicals, lipids, and proteins with broad biotechnological applications. Albeit known for decades, the unique native metabolism of Y. lipolytica for using complex fermentable sugars, which are abundant in lignocellulosic biomass, is poorly understood. In this study, we activated and elucidated the native sugar metabolism in Y. lipolytica for cell growth on xylose and cellobiose as well as their mixtures with glucose through comprehensive metabolic and transcriptomic analyses. We identified 7 putative glucose-specific transporters, 16 putative xylose-specific transporters, and 4 putative cellobiose-specific transporters that are transcriptionally upregulated for growth on respective single sugars. Y. lipolytica is capable of using xylose as a carbon source, but xylose dehydrogenase is the key bottleneck of xylose assimilation and is transcriptionally repressed by glucose. Y. lipolytica has a set of 5 extracellular and 6 intracellular β-glucosidases and is capable of assimilating cellobiose via extra- and intracellular mechanisms, the latter being dominant for growth on cellobiose as a sole carbon source. Strikingly, Y. lipolytica exhibited enhanced sugar utilization for growth in mixed sugars, with strong carbon catabolite activation for growth on the mixture of xylose and cellobiose and with mild carbon catabolite repression of glucose on xylose and cellobiose. The results of this study shed light on fundamental understanding of the complex native sugar metabolism of Y. lipolytica and will help guide inverse metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica for enhanced conversion of biomass-derived fermentable sugars to chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie Hipp
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cong T Trinh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; Bioenergy Science Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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Mutagenesis and evaluation of cellulase properties and cellulose hydrolysis of Talaromyces piceus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1811-9. [PMID: 26330062 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fungal species with a high yield of β-glucosidase was isolated and identified as Talaromyces piceus 9-3 (anamorph: Penicillium piceum) by morphological and molecular characterization. Through dimethyl sulphate mutagenesis, the cellulase over-producing strain T. piceus H16 was obtained. The FPase activity and β-glucosidase activity of T. piceus H16 were 5.83 and 53.12 IU ml(-1) respectively--a 5.34- and 4.43-times improvement from the parent strain T. piceus 9-3. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 5.0 and 50 °C for FPase activity and pH 5.0 and 55 °C for β-glucosidase activity, respectively. The cellulase were quite stable at 37 °C, only losing <10% of their initial activity after 24 h of incubation. Hydrolysis analysis results showed that a highly efficient synergistic effect was achieved by combining cellulase from T. piceus H16 with that from Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 on hydrolyzing different substrates due to the high β-glucosidase activity of T. piceus H16. These data suggest that T. piceus H16 can be used as a potential cellulase producer with good prospects.
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13
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Gao L, Wang L, Jiang X, Qu Y. Linker length and flexibility induces new cellobiohydrolase activity of PoCel6A from Penicillium oxalicum. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:899-904. [PMID: 25866282 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, a novel cellobiohydrolase, PoCel6A, with new enzymatic activity against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPC), was purified from Penicillium oxalicum. The cellulose-binding module and catalytic domain of PoCel6A showed a high degree of sequence similarity with other fungal Cel6As. However, PoCel6A had 11 more amino acids in the linker region than other Cel6As. To evaluate the relationship between the longer linker of PoCel6A and its enzymatic activity, 11 amino acids were deleted from the linker region of PoCel6A. The shortened PoCel6A linker nullified the enzymatic activity against pNPC but dramatically increased the enzyme's capacity for crystalline cellulose degradation. The shortened linker segment appeared to have no effect on the secondary structural conformation of PoCel6A. Another variant (PoCel6A-6pro) with six consecutive proline residues in the interdomain linker had a higher rigid linker, and no enzymatic activity was observed against soluble and insoluble substrate. The flexibility of the linker had an important function in the formation of active cellulase. The length and flexibility of the linker is clearly able to modify the function of PoCel6A and induce new characteristics of Cel6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Efficient production and evaluation of lignocellulolytic enzymes using a constitutive protein expression system in Penicillium oxalicum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:877-87. [PMID: 25868624 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Native lignocellulolytic enzyme systems secreted by filamentous fungi can be further optimized by protein engineering or supplementation of exogenous enzyme components. We developed a protein production and evaluation system in cellulase-producing fungus Penicillium oxalicum. First, by deleting the major amylase gene amy15A, a strain Δ15A producing few extracellular proteins on starch was constructed. Then, three lignocellulolytic enzymes (BGL4, Xyn10B, and Cel12A) with originally low expression levels were successfully expressed with selected constitutive promoters in strain Δ15A. BGL4 and Cel12A overexpression resulted in increased specific filter paper activity (FPA), while the overexpression of Xyn10B improved volumetric FPA but not specific FPA. By switching the culture medium, this platform is convenient to produce originally low-expressed lignocellulolytic enzymes in relatively high purities on starch and to evaluate the effect of their supplementation on the performance of a complex cellulase system on cellulose.
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15
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Isolation and characterization of Achromobacter sp. CX2 from symbiotic Cytophagales, a non-cellulolytic bacterium showing synergism with cellulolytic microbes by producing β-glucosidase. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of China and optimization of cellulase production by Paenibacillus terrae ME27-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:512497. [PMID: 25050355 PMCID: PMC4090499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/512497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with the Burkholderia genus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified as Paenibacillus terrae on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and found P. terrae ME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.
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17
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Benoliel B, Torres FAG, de Moraes LMP. A novel promising Trichoderma harzianum strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex using sugarcane bagasse in natura. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:656. [PMID: 24349958 PMCID: PMC3862859 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is a major producer of agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, which could be used as raw material for microbial production of cellulases as an important strategy for the development of sustainable processes of second generation ethanol production. For this purpose, this work aimed at screening for glycosyl hydrolase activities of fungal strains isolated from the Brazilian Cerrado. Among 13 isolates, a Trichoderma harzianum strain (L04) was identified as a promising candidate for cellulase production when cultured on in natura sugarcane bagasse. Strain L04 revealed a well-balanced cellulolytic complex, presenting fast kinetic production of endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases, achieving 4,022, U.L-1 (72 h), 1,228 U.L-1 (120 h) and 1,968 U.L-1 (48 h) as the highest activities, respectively. About 60% glucose yields were obtained from sugarcane bagasse after 18 hours hydrolysis. This new strain represents a potential candidate for on-site enzyme production using sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Benoliel
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Araripe Gonçalves Torres
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil ; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brazil
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18
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High-level overproduction of Thermobifida enzyme in Streptomyces lividans using a novel expression vector. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18629-39. [PMID: 24025422 PMCID: PMC3794799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we constructed a novel Streptomyces-E.coli shuttle vector pZRJ362 combining the xylose isomerase promoter and amylase terminator. A gene encoding the endoglucanase Cel6A in Thermobifida fusca was amplified by PCR, cloned into Streptomyces lividans host strain using the novel expression vector and Pichia pastoris GS115 host strain using the vector pPICZα-C, respectively. Afterwards, the expression pattern and the maximum expression level were comparatively studied in both expression systems. The maximum enzyme activity of Cel6A-(His)6 secreted in S. lividans supernatant after 84-h of cultivation amounted to 5.56 U/mL, which was dramatically higher than that secreted in P. pastoris about 1.4 U/mL after 96-h of cultivation. The maximum expression level of Cel6A-(His)6 in S. lividans supernatant reached up to 173 mg/L after 84-h of cultivation. The endoglucanase activity staining SDS-PAGE showed that there were some minor proteins in S. lividans supernatant which may be the Cel6A derivant by proteolytic degradation, while there was no proteolytic product detected in supernatant of P. pastoris.
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19
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Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Penicillium echinulatum in Submerged Media Containing Cellulose Amended with Sorbitol. Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:240219. [PMID: 24058733 PMCID: PMC3766594 DOI: 10.1155/2013/240219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the use of sorbitol as a soluble carbon source, in association with cellulose, to produce cellulases and xylanases in submerged cultures of Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1. Because cellulose is an insoluble carbon source, in cellulase production, there are some problems with rheology and oxygen transfer. The submerged fermentations containing media composed of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol and cellulose that were added at different times during the cultivation; 0.2% (w/v) soy bran; 0.1% (w/v) wheat bran; and a solution of salts. The highest filter paper activity (FPA) (1.95
±
0.04 IU·mL−1) was obtained on the seventh day in the medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.5% (w/v) cellulose added 24 h after the start of cultivation. However, the CMCases showed an activity peak on the sixth day (9.99 ± 0.75 IU·mL−1) in the medium containing 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.75% (w/v) cellulose added after 12 h of cultivation. The xylanases showed the highest activity in the medium with 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.25% (w/v) cellulose added 36 h after the start of cultivation. This strategy enables the reduction of the cellulose concentration, which in high concentrations can cause rheological and oxygen transfer problems.
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20
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G protein-cAMP signaling pathway mediated by PGA3 plays different roles in regulating the expressions of amylases and cellulases in Penicillium decumbens. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 58-59:62-70. [PMID: 23942188 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) have been extensively investigated for their regulatory functions in morphogenesis and development in filamentous fungi. In addition, G proteins were also shown to be involved in the regulation of cellulase expression in some fungi. Here, we report the different regulatory effects of PGA3, a group III G protein α subunit, on the expressions of amylases and cellulases in Penicillium decumbens. Deletion of pga3 resulted in impaired amylase production and significantly decreased transcription of the major amylase gene amy15A. Supplementation of exogenous cAMP or its analog dibutyryl-cAMP restored amylase production in Δpga3 strain, suggesting an essential role of PGA3 in amylase synthesis via controlling cAMP level. On the other hand, the transcription of major cellulase gene cel7A-2 increased, nevertheless cellulase activity in the medium was not affected, in Δpga3. The above regulatory effects of PGA3 are carbon source-independent, and are achieved, at least, by cAMP-mediated regulation of the expression level of transcription factor AmyR. The functions of PGA3 revealed by gene deletion were partially supported by the analysis of the mutant carrying dominantly-activated PGA3. The results provided new insights into the understanding of the physiological functions of G protein-cAMP pathway in filamentous fungi.
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21
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Chen M, Qin Y, Cao Q, Liu G, Li J, Li Z, Zhao J, Qu Y. Promotion of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes production by restraining the intracellular β-glucosidase in Penicillium decumbens. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:33-40. [PMID: 23584406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the functions of β-glucosidases in regulation of the lignocellulolytic enzymes production in Penicillium decumbens 114-2 were investigated. The major extracellular β-glucosidase gene bgl1 and the major intracellular β-glucosidase gene bgl2 were deleted in P. decumbens 114-2 respectively. In Δbgl2, the production of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes (including endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and xylanases) on insoluble cellulose was significantly promoted, while in Δbgl1 there was no any difference compared with that of 114-2. The enhancement of the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in Δbgl2 was likely attributed to the accumulation of intracellular cellobiose. Induction experiment in Δbgl1Δbgl2 showed that cellobiose was an inducer of lignocellulolytic enzymes expression in P. decumbens 114-2, and the induction was unrelated to the formation, if any, of gentiobiose or sophorose from cellobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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22
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Marjamaa K, Toth K, Bromann PA, Szakacs G, Kruus K. Novel Penicillium cellulases for total hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:358-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Liu G, Qin Y, Li Z, Qu Y. Development of highly efficient, low-cost lignocellulolytic enzyme systems in the post-genomic era. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:962-75. [PMID: 23507038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current high cost of lignocellulolytic enzymes is a major bottleneck in the economic bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Fungal lignocellulolytic enzyme systems are secreted at high levels, making them the most promising starting points for further development of highly efficient lignocellulolytic enzyme systems. In this paper, recent advances in improvement of fungal lignocellulolytic enzyme systems are reviewed, with an emphasis on the achievements made using genomic approaches. A general strategy for lignocellulolytic enzyme system development is proposed, including the improvement of the hydrolysis efficiencies and productivities of current enzyme systems. The applications of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis methods in examining the composition of native enzyme systems, discovery of novel enzymes and synergistic proteins from natural sources, and understanding of regulatory mechanisms for lignocellulolytic enzyme biosynthesis are summarized. By combining systems biology and synthetic biology tools, engineered fungal strains are expected to produce high levels of optimized lignocellulolytic enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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24
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Liu G, Qin Y, Hu Y, Gao M, Peng S, Qu Y. An endo-1,4-β-glucanase PdCel5C from cellulolytic fungus Penicillium decumbens with distinctive domain composition and hydrolysis product profile. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Liu G, Zhang L, Wei X, Zou G, Qin Y, Ma L, Li J, Zheng H, Wang S, Wang C, Xun L, Zhao GP, Zhou Z, Qu Y. Genomic and secretomic analyses reveal unique features of the lignocellulolytic enzyme system of Penicillium decumbens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55185. [PMID: 23383313 PMCID: PMC3562324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Penicillium species could produce extracellular enzyme systems with good lignocellulose hydrolysis performance. However, these species and their enzyme systems are still poorly understood and explored due to the lacking of genetic information. Here, we present the genomic and secretomic analyses of Penicillium decumbens that has been used in industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in China for more than fifteen years. Comparative genomics analysis with the phylogenetically most similar species Penicillium chrysogenum revealed that P. decumbens has evolved with more genes involved in plant cell wall degradation, but fewer genes in cellular metabolism and regulation. Compared with the widely used cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei, P. decumbens has a lignocellulolytic enzyme system with more diverse components, particularly for cellulose binding domain-containing proteins and hemicellulases. Further, proteomic analysis of secretomes revealed that P. decumbens produced significantly more lignocellulolytic enzymes in the medium with cellulose-wheat bran as the carbon source than with glucose. The results expand our knowledge on the genetic information of lignocellulolytic enzyme systems in Penicillium species, and will facilitate rational strain improvement for the production of highly efficient enzyme systems used in lignocellulose utilization from Penicillium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyue Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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26
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Gao L, Gao F, Wang L, Geng C, Chi L, Zhao J, Qu Y. N-glycoform diversity of cellobiohydrolase I from Penicillium decumbens and synergism of nonhydrolytic glycoform in cellulose degradation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15906-15. [PMID: 22427663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.332890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Four cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) glycoforms, namely, CBHI-A, CBHI-B, CBHI-C, and CBHI-D, were purified from the cultured broth of Penicillium decumbens JU-A10. All glycoforms had the same amino acid sequence but displayed different characteristics and biological functions. The effects of the N-glycans of the glycoforms on CBH activity were analyzed using mass spectrum data. Longer N-glycan chains at the Asn-137 of CBHI increased CBH activity. After the N-glycans were removed using site-directed mutagenesis and homologous expression in P. decumbens, the specific CBH activity of the recombinant CBHI without N-glycosylation increased by 65% compared with the wild-type CBHI with the highest specific activity. However, the activity was not stable. Only the N-glycosylation at Asn-137 can improve CBH activity by 40%. rCBHI with N-glycosylation only at Asn-470 exhibited no enzymatic activity. CBH activity was affected whether or not the protein was glycosylated, together with the N-glycosylation site and N-glycan structure. N-Glycosylation not only affects CBH activity but may also bring a new feature to a nonhydrolytic CBHI glycoform (CBHI-A). By supplementing CBHI-A to different commercial cellulase preparations, the glucose yield of lignocellulose hydrolysis increased by >20%. After treatment with a low dose (5 mg/g substrate) of CBHI-A at 50 °C for 7 days, the hydrogen-bond intensity and crystalline degree of cotton fibers decreased by 17 and 34%, respectively. These results may provide new guidelines for cellulase engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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27
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The adsorption and enzyme activity profiles of specific Trichoderma reesei cellulase/xylanase components when hydrolyzing steam pretreated corn stover. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Directed evolution and structural prediction of cellobiohydrolase II from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1469-78. [PMID: 22215071 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases can be engineered with enhanced properties for broad use in scientific and industrial applications. In this study, the wild-type cbh2 gene of the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum encoding cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) was mutagenized through in vitro directed evolution. The resulting Pichia pastoris yeast library was screened, and two transformants were selected for enhanced CBHII activities that were not attributed to increased gene copy numbers. The optimum fermentation times of the two mutant transformants were shortened to 4-5 days after methanol induction compared to 6 days for the wild-type. The optimum reaction temperature (60 °C) and pH level (5 or 6) of the mutant CBHII proteins, designated CBHIIX16 and CBHIIX305, were higher than those of wild-type CBHII (50 °C and pH 4). Kept at 80 °C for 1 h, CBHIIX16 and CBHIIX305 retained >50% of their activities, while the wild-type CBHII lost all activity. Sequence analysis of CBHIIX16 and CBHIIX305 revealed that they contained five and six mutated amino acids, respectively. Structural modeling confirmed the presence of carbohydrate binding type-1 and catalytic domains, where the hydrogen bond numbers between the 227th and 203rd amino acids were increased, which perhaps contributed to the elevated enzyme stability. Therefore, the two CBHII mutants selected for increased enzymatic activities also demonstrated elevated optimum reaction temperature and pH levels and enhanced thermal stability. These properties may be beneficial in practical applications for CBHII.
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29
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Cellulolytic Enzyme Production and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 128:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Liu YT, Luo ZY, Long CN, Wang HD, Long MN, Hu Z. Cellulase production in a new mutant strain of Penicillium decumbens ML-017 by solid state fermentation with rice bran. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:733-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Gao L, Wang F, Gao F, Wang L, Zhao J, Qu Y. Purification and characterization of a novel cellobiohydrolase (PdCel6A) from Penicillium decumbens JU-A10 for bioethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8339-42. [PMID: 21723116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An acidic Cel6A, cellobiohydrolase (CBH) II, was purified from Penicillium decumbens and designated as PdCel6A. The deduced internal amino acid sequence of the novel CBH has a high degree of sequence identity with the CBH II from Aspergillus fumigatus. Surprisingly, PdCel6A exhibits characteristics comparable to that of CBH I, as well as CBH II. Similar to CBH I, the novel CBH has a specific activity of 1.9 IU/mg against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-cellobioside. The enzyme retains about 80% of its maximum activity after 4h of incubation at pH 2.0. Using delignified corncob residue as the substrate, ethanol concentration increased by 20% during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation when supplemented with low doses of PdCel6A (0.2mg/g substrate). To our knowledge, this is the first report involving a CBH I-like CBH II. The present paper provides new insight into the role of CBH II in cellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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32
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Chen S, Xing XH, Huang JJ, Xu MS. Enzyme-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves: improvement effect of flavonol transglycosylation catalyzed by Penicillium decumbens cellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:100-5. [PMID: 22112777 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel enzyme-involved approach to improve the extraction of flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba, in which the enzyme is employed not only for cell wall degradation, but also for increasing the solubility of target compounds in the ethanol-water extractant. Penicillium decumbens cellulase, a commercial cell wall-degrading enzyme with high transglycosylation activity, was found to offer far better performance in the extraction than Trichoderma reesei cellulase and Aspergillus niger pectinase under the presence of maltose as the glycosyl donor. TLC, HPLC and MS analysis indicated that P. decumbens cellulase could transglycosylate flavonol aglycones into more polar glucosides, the higher solubility of which led to improved extraction. The influence of glycosyl donor, pH, solvent and temperature on the enzymatic transglycosylation was investigated. For three predominant flavonoids in G. biloba, the transglycosylation showed similar optimal conditions, which were therefore used for the enzyme-assisted extraction. The extraction yield turned to be 28.3mg/g of dw, 31% higher than that under the pre-optimized conditions, and 102% higher than that under the conditions without enzymes. The utilization of enzymatic bifunctionality described here, naming enzymatic modification of target compounds and facilitation of cell wall degradation, provides a novel approach for the extraction of natural compounds from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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33
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Liu G, Wei X, Qin Y, Qu Y. Characterization of the endoglucanase and glucomannanase activities of a glycoside hydrolase family 45 protein from Penicillium decumbens 114-2. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2010; 56:223-9. [PMID: 20647679 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.56.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 45 endoglucanase (Cel45A) was cloned from P. decumbens 114-2 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. To our knowledge, this is the first report of characterization of a GH family 45 protein from Penicillium species. The purified recombinant enzyme showed a higher activity on konjac glucomannan (KGM) than on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) or phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC). The highest hydrolytic activity was detected at pH5.0 on KGM and pH 3.5 on CMC-Na, indicating the mode of action on the two substrates may be different for Cel45A. The optimum temperatures on the two substrates were both 60 degrees C and about 90% relative activities were retained at 70 degrees C. Products released from PASC and CMC-Na were mainly cellobiose, cellotriose and cellotetraose. The protein with higher glucomannanase activity might help the efficient degradation of lignocellulose by P. decumbens in the natural state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Cellulase production by solid state fermentation using bagasse withPenicillium decumbens L-06. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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