1
|
Kumar Reddy CP, Manikandavelu D, Arisekar U, Ahilan B, Uma A, Jayakumar N, Kim W, Govarthanan M, Harini C, Vidya RS, Madhavan N, Kumar Reddy DR. Toxicological effect of endocrine disrupting insecticide (deltamethrin) on enzymatical, haematological and histopathological changes in the freshwater iridescent shark, Pangasius hypothalamus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104201. [PMID: 37391053 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the deltamethrin (DMN) induced harmful effects on Pangasius hypophthalmus using enzymatic activity, haematological, and histopathological changes. LC50 value was 0.021mg/L at 96h, and sublethal toxicity was tested for 45 days at two `concentrations (i.e., 1/5th and 1/10th of LC50). Haematological parameters and enzymatic activities significantly changed between DMN-exposed and control groups (p<0.05). Histopathologically, both DMN doses induced liver hyperemia, hepatic cell rupture, necrosis, hypertrepheoid bile duct, shifting nuclei, vascular haemorrhage, and hepatocyte degeneration, while in gill, secondary lamellae destruction, a fusion of adjacent gill lamellae, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, adhesion, and fusion were noticed. Kidney developed melanomacrophages, increased periglomerular and peritubular space, vacuolation, decreased glomerulus, hyaline droplets in tubular cells, loss of tubular epithelium, distal convoluted segment hypertrophy, and granular layer in brain pyramid and Purkinje cell nucleus. But, limiting pesticide impacts on freshwater fish and their habitat requires a holistic, cradle-to-grave approach and toxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Manikandavelu
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ahilan
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - A Uma
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - N Jayakumar
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
| | - C Harini
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | - R Sri Vidya
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | - N Madhavan
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barathkumar S, Padhi RK, Parida PK, Marigoudar SR. In vivo appraisal of oxidative stress response, cell ultrastructural aberration and accumulation in Juvenile Scylla serrata exposed to uranium. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134561. [PMID: 35413368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the organ specific tissue accumulation and cellular toxicity of uranium to mud crab Scylla serrata. The specimens were acclimated in natural seawater and the exposure to 50-250 μg/L uranium was investigated up to 60 days. The present study examined the effects of concentration and duration of uranium exposure in the tissue of S. serrata at cellular and subcellular level using scanning electron microscopy and bright field transmission electron microscopy in addition to histological analysis. The results indicated that accumulation of U in S. serrata was organ specific and followed the order gills > hepatopancreas > muscle. The response of key antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GPx and CAT in different organs of crabs indicated oxidative stress due to U in the ambient medium and tissue. At 50 and 100 μg/L of U exposure, individuals were able to acclimate the oxidative stress and withstand the uranium exposure. This acclimation could not be sustained at higher concentrations (250 μg/L), affecting the production of CAT in the tissues. Cellular and subcellular changes were observed in the hemocytes with reduction in their number in consonance with the antioxidant enzymes. Histological aberrations like lamellar disruption of gill, necrosis of hepatopancreas, disruption and rupture of muscle bundles were observed at different concentrations and were severe at higher concentration (250 μg/L). Necrosis was observed in the electron micrographs of tissues shortly after 15 days of exposure. SEM micrograph clearly shows disrupted lamellae, folding of marginal canal and reduction of inter lamellar spaces in the gills of crab exposed to high concentration of uranium. Mitochondrial anomalies are reported for the first time in the present study in addition to the subcellular changes and vacuoles on exposure uranium in the cells of gill and hepatopancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Barathkumar
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600100, India; Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India
| | - R K Padhi
- Material Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India.
| | - P K Parida
- Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India
| | - S R Marigoudar
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600100, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dellali M, Douggui A, Harrath AH, Mansour L, Alwasel S, Beyrem H, Gyedu-Ababio T, Rohal-Lupher M, Boufahja F. Acute toxicity and biomarker responses in Gammarus locusta amphipods exposed to copper, cadmium, and the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36523-36534. [PMID: 33694119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of copper, cadmium, and dieldrin in adult Gammarus locusta (a marine amphipod) is currently unclear. Thus, G. locusta from the North Lake of Tunis were subjected to acute toxicity tests to assess LC50s at 48-96 h and to biomarker response tests through the assessment of catalase and acetylcholinesterase activities and malondialdehyde levels. The present study demonstrated the abilities of a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide (dieldrin) induce to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. The comparison of metal toxicity showed that G. locusta was more sensitive to cadmium than copper. The three stressors caused significant inductions of all three biomarkers in a concentration-dependent manner. Catalase induction was dependent on exposure duration for all pollutants, while only copper led to increased malondialdehyde with longer exposure times. Catalase induction and malondialdehyde increase appeared to be sex dependent for all three pollutants. The neurotoxic effects of the pollutants were concentration dependent according to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. In conclusion, catalase, malondialdehyde, and acetylcholinesterase are efficient biomarkers of copper, cadmium, and dieldrin in G. locusta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dellali
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Amel Douggui
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | | | - Melissa Rohal-Lupher
- Texas Water Development Board, 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ajitha V, Sreevidya CP, Sarasan M, Park JC, Mohandas A, Singh ISB, Puthumana J, Lee JS. Effects of zinc and mercury on ROS-mediated oxidative stress-induced physiological impairments and antioxidant responses in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12950-6. [PMID: 33629160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization results in deterioration of freshwater systems around the world, rescinding the ecological balance. Among many factors that lead to adverse effects in aquatic ecology, metals are frequently discharged into aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic sources. Metals are highly persistent and toxic substances in trace amounts and can potentially induce severe oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. In this study, adverse effects of the two metal elements zinc (maximum concentration of 167.25 mg/L) and mercury (104.2 mg/L) were examined using Chlorella vulgaris under acute and chronic exposure period (48 h and 7 days, respectively). The metal-induced adverse effects have been analyzed through photosynthetic pigment content, total protein content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzymatic activities, namely catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with morphological changes in C. vulgaris. Photosynthetic pigments were gradually reduced (~32-100% reduction) in a dose-dependent manner. Protein content was initially increased during acute (~8-12%) and chronic (~57-80%) exposure and decreased (~44-56%) at higher concentration of the two metals (80%). Under the two metal exposures, 5- to 7-fold increase in ROS generation indicated the induction of oxidative stress and subsequent modulations in antioxidant activities. SOD activity was varied with an initial increase (58-129%) followed by a gradual reduction (~3.7-79%), while ~1- to 12-fold difference in CAT activity was observed in all experimental condition (~83 to 1605%). A significant difference was observed in combined toxic exposure (Zn+Hg), while comparing the toxic endpoint data of individual metal exposure (Zn and Hg alone). Through this work, lethal effects caused by single and combined toxicity of zinc and mercury were assessed, representing the significance of appropriate monitoring system to trim down the release of metal contaminants into the aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vayampully Ajitha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 22, India
| | | | - Manomi Sarasan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ambat Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 16, India.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abu Zeid EH, El Sharkawy NI, Moustafa GG, Anwer AM, Al Nady AG. The palliative effect of camel milk on hepatic CYP1A1 gene expression and DNA damage induced by fenpropathrin oral intoxication in male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111296. [PMID: 32949931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the alleviating role of camel milk (CM) in the mitigation of fenpropathrin (FNP) type II pyrethroid induced oxidative stress, alterations of hepatic (CYP1A1) mRNA expression pattern, and DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay (SCGE) in male rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into six groups (n = 10): 1st control (C), 2nd corn oil (CO), 3rd (CM): gavaged CM 2ml/rat, 4th (FNP): gavaged FNP 7.09 mg/kg body weight (BW), 5th (FNP pro/co-treated): gavaged CM firstly for 15 days, then CM + FNP by the same mentioned doses and route, 6th (FNP + CM co-treated): gavaged FNP firstly followed by CM by the same mentioned doses and route. Rats were orally gavaged three times per week, day after day for 60 days. FNP exposure significantly reduced serum glutathione (GSH) levels, but significantly increased serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and 8hydroxy2deoxyguanosine (8OH2dG). Additionally, FNP exposure significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of hepatic CYP1A1 and increased the SCGE indices in whole blood, liver, and spleen tissues of exposed male rats. Administration of CM significantly regulated the FNP induced oxidative stress, reduced hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA expression levels and values of comet assay indices particularly in the (CM + FNP pro/co-treated) group compared to the (FNP + CM co-treated) group. In conclusion, our results indicate, for the first time, that FNP retains an in vivo genotoxic potential at a dose of (1/10 LD50) and up-regulated hepatic CYP1A1 mRNA expression in male rats. Additionally, CM supplements may improve the genotoxic outcomes, oxidative stress, and altered CYP1A1 mRNA expression induced by FNP particularly in the pro/concurrent-treatment compared to the concurrent treatment alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan H Abu Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Anwer
- Head Researcher of Immunity in Animal Reproduction Research Institute. Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Al Nady
- Veterinarian at the Central Administration of Veterinary Quarantine and Examinations, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Mediation of oxidative stress toxicity induced by pyrethroid pesticides in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 234:108758. [PMID: 32289527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides are banned in most countries because they cause high toxicity and bioaccumulation in non-target organisms. Pyrethroid pesticides have been applied to agriculture and aquaculture since the 1970s to replace traditional pesticides. However, pyrethroids are approximately 1000 times more toxic to fish than to mammals and birds. Fish-specific organs such as the gills and their late metabolic action against this type of pesticide make fish highly susceptible to the toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the neurological, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by pyrethroids. Deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin are representative pyrethroid pesticides that induce oxidative stress in tissues such as the gills, liver, and muscles of fish and cause histopathological changes. Although they are observed in low concentrations in aquatic environments such as rivers, lakes, and surface water they induce DNA damage and apoptosis in fish. Pyrethroid pesticides cause ROS-mediated oxidative stress in fish species including carp, tilapia, and trout. They also cause lipid peroxidation and alter the state of DNA, proteins, and lipids in the cells of fish. Moreover, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity following pyrethroid pesticide exposure make fish more susceptible to oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants. In this review, we examine the occurrence of pyrethroid pesticides in the aquatic environment and oxidative stress-induced toxicity in fish exposed to pyrethroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang MJ, Lee MY. Toxicoproteomic analysis of deltamethrin exposure in neuroblastoma cell lines. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-00064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
Karatas T, Yildirim S, Arslan H, Aggul AG. The effects on brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) of different concentrations of deltamethrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108606. [PMID: 31422162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DMN) exposure causes severe damage to the gill and liver tissues of aquatic organisms, as well as neurotoxic effects and metabolic disorders. The goal of the present study was to assess the impacts of DMN toxicity on blood biochemistry, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) levels, behavior disorder, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, histopathology and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Acute concentrations (1.0 and 2.0μg/L) of DMN caused behavioral disorder such as rapid swimming, loss of balance, aggressiveness and increasing in the surface activity and inactivity in brown trout. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and a significant decrease in CAT, AChE, blood albumin, and blood total protein content were observed. Histopathologically, both doses of DMN have caused steatosis, necrosis, and degeneration in hepatocytes and hyperemia in the liver. Also, they led to inflammation, adhesion and fusion depending on severe hyperplasia in secondary lamellae, hyperemia and lamellar edema in gill tissues when compared to control group. Additionally, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8 OHdG) levels at 2.0 μg/L dose of DMN in liver tissues were more severe according to 1.0 μg/L dose of DMN. Finally, different concentrations of DMN led to changes of the histopathology, 8OHdG, the CAT levels, plasma AChE activity, and the serum metabolites, as well as behavioral disorder in brown trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Karatas
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Health Services Vocational School, 04100 Agri, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Arslan
- Atatürk University Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, Yakutiye 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gökhan Aggul
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 04100 Agri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ajitha V, Sreevidya CP, Kim JH, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Lee JS, Puthumana J. Effect of metals of treated electroplating industrial effluents on antioxidant defense system in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105317. [PMID: 31670168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella vulgaris is one of the prominent and most widely distributed green microalgae found in aquatic environments, often used in toxicity tests due to its sensitivity to various pollutants. To examine the toxicity of metals found in the effluent discharges from an electroplating industry, physicochemical parameters in the microalga C. vulgaris were measured. pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, color, and the concentrations of metals such as chromium (1.97 mg/L), mercury (104.2 mg/L), and zinc (167.25 mg/L) were found exceeding the permissible limits. Several endpoints such as total protein content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were measured in C. vulgaris in response to treated electroplating industrial effluent (TEPIE). In addition, concentration-dependent morphological changes were also observed in response to TEPIE. Under both acute and chronic TEPIE exposure, increase in the ROS level was observed indicating increased production of ROS in C. vulgaris cells. The total protein and chlorophyll contents were found to be gradually decreasing in an effluent concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, lower concentrations of effluent stimulated the antioxidant enzyme systems. A concentration-dependent increase was observed in both SOD and CAT enzymatic activities. The results indicated toxic impairments by the effluent on the function of C. vulgaris in response to both acute and chronic exposure, indicating an urgent need of proper treatment processes/modification of the existing one of TEPIE, with continuous monitoring of the discharge of the pollutants into the aquatic ecosystems using biological assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vayampully Ajitha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India; School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-22, Kerala, India
| | - C P Sreevidya
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - A Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eni G, Ibor OR, Andem AB, Oku EE, Chukwuka AV, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Biochemical and endocrine-disrupting effects in Clarias gariepinus exposed to the synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108584. [PMID: 31394255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated plasma biochemical and steroid hormone responses, together with gonado-histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin). Fish were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of cypermethrin at 0 (ethanol solvent control), 0.07, 0.014, 0.028, 0.056) and deltamethrin at 0.22, 0.44, 0.88 and 1.76 μg/L, for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Plasma enzyme (aspartate transaminase: AST, alanine transaminase: ALT and alkaline phosphatase: ALP) and steroid hormones (estradiol-17β: E2, testosterone: T) levels were analyzed. Gonado-histopathological evaluation shows the presence of ovo-testis (intersex), oocytes atresia, cytoplasmic degeneration and clumping of vitellogenic oocytes in females, while male fish displayed enlargement and degeneration of testicular seminiferous tubules after 28 days exposure to cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Plasma biochemical analysis in pesticides exposed fish revealed that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, we observed respective and apparent concentration- and time-dependent increase and decrease of plasma E2 and T levels, compared to control. Interestingly, the significant increase in E2 levels paralleled gonadal ovo-testis (intersex) condition in exposed fish, indicating endocrine disruptive effects of cypermethrin and deltamethrin that favor the estrogenic pathway, in addition to overt negative consequences on reproductive, biochemical and physiological health of the exposed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Eni
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andem B Andem
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ene E Oku
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu Q, Sun Y, Ares I, Anadón A, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Yuan Z, Wang X, Martínez MA. Deltamethrin toxicity: A review of oxidative stress and metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:260-281. [PMID: 30599291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is widely used worldwide due to its valuable insecticidal activity against pests and parasites. Increasing evidence has shown that deltamethrin causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. For the first time, this review systematically summarizes the deltamethrin toxicity mechanism from the perspective of oxidative stress, including deltamethrin-mediated oxidative damage, antioxidant status, oxidative signaling pathways and modulatory effects of antagonists, synergists and placebos on oxidative stress. Further, deltamethrin metabolism, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes and pathways and deltamethrin metabolite toxicity are discussed. This review will shed new light on deltamethrin toxicity mechanisms and provide effective strategies to ensure pest control and prevention of human and animal poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ullah S, Li Z, Ul Arifeen MZ, Khan SU, Fahad S. Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrin induced toxicity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:519-533. [PMID: 30278404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is α-cyano (type II) synthetic pyrethroid. DLM exposure leads to strong neurotoxic effects and a number of complex toxicological syndromes. The current study assessed DLM mediated oxidative stress, behavioral, hematological, histopathological, and biochemical toxic effects on silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Exposure to an acute concentration (2 μg/L) of DLM resulted in different behavioral inconsistencies and a time-dependent significant (P < 0.05) change in the hematology and serum biochemistry of silver carp. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the activities of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes whereas a significant decrease in total protein contents in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle tissues were observed. DLM exposure increased the activities of metabolic enzymes in the gills, muscles, and liver of silver carp. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes was evident. DLM exposure led to a time-dependent significant (P < 0.05) increase in the whole-body cortisol and blood glucose level, while a significant decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain, liver, and muscle tissues. Different histopathological changes in the liver, gills, brain, and intestine were observed, however, no significant change in the gross anatomy and morphometric parameters of the fish was observed. The current study provides valuable information for devising better strategies regarding environmental management, chemicals' risk assessment, biodiversity conservation, and monitoring of the aquatic organisms. DLM was concluded to be highly toxic to fish. The extensive use of DLM should be prohibited or allowed under strict environmental laws; otherwise, it might lead to the extermination of the susceptible wildlife, such as commercially very valuable but nearly threatened silver carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | | | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lungu-Mitea S, Oskarsson A, Lundqvist J. Development of an oxidative stress in vitro assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12380. [PMID: 30120374 PMCID: PMC6098050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and correlated with classical toxicological endpoints. In vitro methods using fish cell lines for the assessment of aquatic toxicity are needed for mechanistic studies and as an alternative to in vivo. We describe an in vitro assay to study oxidative stress using zebrafish cell lines. Transfection efficiency of twelve commercially available transfection reagents were tested in the zebrafish cell lines ZFL, ZF4, and Pac2. The most efficient reagent for each cell line was selected for further experiments. Cells were transiently transfected with an Nrf2-responsive luciferase plasmid. The assay was tested using the oxidative stress inducing chemicals tertbutylhydroquinone, hydrogen peroxide, and sulforaphane. Of the transfected cell lines, ZF4 and ZFL showed higher sensitivity. The latter were used to study potential oxidative stress induced by pesticides (diazinon, deltamethrin, atrazine, metazachlor, terbutylazine, diuron). Besides known inducers, Nrf2 activity was also significantly induced by diazinon, deltametrin, diuron, and metazachlor. Activation of Nrf2 by metazachlor is a novel finding. The described assay could be a valuable tool for research in toxicology to study the stress response of both pure chemicals and environmental water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lungu-Mitea
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Moraes FD, Venturini FP, Rossi PA, Avilez IM, da Silva de Souza NE, Moraes G. Assessment of biomarkers in the neotropical fish Brycon amazonicus exposed to cypermethrin-based insecticide. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:188-197. [PMID: 29297132 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cypermethrin-based insecticide (CBI), commonly used in aquaculture and agriculture, were evaluated in matrinxa (Brycon amazonicus) exposed to sub-lethal concentration (20% of LC50) for 96 h. Physiological and biochemical effects were studied through biomarkers: lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid concentrations; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) assays in the liver and gills. Besides, ions Na+, Cl-, and K+; protein and glucose concentrations were measured in the plasma. Red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), and hematimetric parameters were evaluated in the total blood. The NKA (Na+ /K+ ATPase) activity was assayed in the gills. The histopathological effects of CBI were also investigated in the gills. The liver and gill LPO increased 62 and 100%, respectively. The tripeptide GSH concentration reduced in the liver and increased in the gill of exposed fish. The SOD and CAT activities increased in the liver, whereas CAT reduced in the gill. Liver also presented an increase in G6PDH activity. Plasma Na+ and Cl- and glucose concentrations increased in the exposed fish. Levels of Ht, Hb and RBC were significantly increased. The gill NKA activity also increased. Exposed fish exhibited histological alterations in the gills such as hypertrophy and proliferation of chloride cells, blood vessels dilation, aneurysms and hemorrhage of the lamella. The histological index indicated moderate to heavy damage to the gills. CBI provokes liver and gills oxidative stress, gill structural damages, and ionic imbalance. A multi-biomarker approach allows us to see that B. amazonicus was unable to cope with CBI exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dias de Moraes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francine Perri Venturini
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Adriana Rossi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Ive Marchioni Avilez
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara Elisabete da Silva de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Moraes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, Sao Carlos, CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Transcriptional responses in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis exposed to deltamethrin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184581. [PMID: 28910412 PMCID: PMC5599000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin is an important pesticide widely used against ectoparasites. Deltamethrin contamination has resulted in a threat to the healthy breeding of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis exposed to deltamethrin. We obtained 99,087,448, 89,086,478, and 100,117,958 raw sequence reads from control 1, control 2, and control 3 groups, and 92,094,972, 92,883,894, and 92,500,828 raw sequence reads from test 1, test 2, and test 3 groups, respectively. After filtering and quality checking of the raw sequence reads, our analysis yielded 79,228,354, 72,336,470, 81,859,826, 77,649,400, 77,194,276, and 75,697,016 clean reads with a mean length of 150 bp from the control and test groups. After deltamethrin treatment, a total of 160 and 167 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Gene ontology terms "biological process," "cellular component," and "molecular function" were enriched with respect to cell killing, cellular process, other organism part, cell part, binding, and catalytic. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that the metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. We found that the CYP450 enzyme system, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and material (including carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and other substances) metabolism played important roles in the metabolism of deltamethrin in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis. This study revealed differentially expressed genes related to insecticide metabolism and detoxification in E. sinensis for the first time and will help in understanding the toxicity and molecular metabolic mechanisms of deltamethrin in E. sinensis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Arslan H, Altun S, Özdemir S. Acute toxication of deltamethrin results in activation of iNOS, 8-OHdG and up-regulation of caspase 3, iNOS gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:90-99. [PMID: 28399480 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid pesticide that protects agricultural yields, including crops, fruits, and vegetables from insect-pests. It is known that deltamethrin toxication leads to metabolic disorders and has detrimental effects on the brain and liver in different organisms. However, the harmful effects of deltamethrin toxication on aquatic animals remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of deltamethrin toxication by performing a histopathological examination, an immunofluorescence assay, and a qRT-PCR on common carp. We observed that a low-dose (0.04μM) and a high-dose (0.08μM) of deltamethrin exposure caused lamellar cells hyperplasia and inflammatory cells infiltration in the gills, hyperemia, diffuse hydropic degenerations and focal necrosis in the hepatocytes, necrotic changes in the neurons, and also induced activation of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the gills, liver, and brain depending on the exposure time (24h, 48h, 72h and 96h). In addition, deltamethrin toxication caused the up-regulation of caspase-3 and the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) of the gene expression depending on the dose (0.04μM and 0.08μM) and the exposure time in the brain (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Our results indicated that long-term deltamethrin exposure could lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis on the different organs in common carp. Thus, deltamethrin toxication is dangerous for common carp populations, and the usage of deltamethrin should be controlled and restricted in agricultural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Arslan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Altun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Toxicity assessment of cadmium chloride on planktonic copepods Centropages ponticus using biochemical markers. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:83-88. [PMID: 28959629 PMCID: PMC5615093 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of cadmium chloride were tested in planktonic copepods Centropages ponticus. Cadmium chloride toxicity influenced enzymatic activity and proteins synthesis in treated groups. Synthesis of proteins, together with changes in antioxidant enzymes activity, could be used as biomarkers for further studies of copepods species.
Pollution of the aquatic environment by heavy metals has become a worldwide problem. Most heavy metals exhibit toxic waste on aquatic organisms. Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal which affects aquatic organisms acutely and chronically. Planktonic calanoid copepods are the secondary dominant producers of pelagic ecosystems and play a considerable role in the transfer of energy and organic matter from primary producers to higher trophic levels. We investigated the effect of cadmium chloride on biochemical responses of the planktonic calanoid copepods Centropages ponticus which is a key species in the Mediterranean Sea. The response of copepods to cadmium chloride was examined under laboratory-controlled conditions during a 72-h exposure. Catalase (CAT), Glutathion Reductase (GR), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were analyzed for cadmium chloride treatments (0, 0.2 and 0.4 μg/L) after 24, 48 and 72 h. Additionally, the thiobarbituric reactive species assay was used to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO) level of the copepod. In this study, it is observed that contents of protein increased gradually with an increase in concentrations of metals and exposure time. Our findings showed that cadmium chloride directly influenced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the treated copepods hinting that the copepods had suffered from oxidative damage. During exposure, the Cd treatments significantly influenced the biochemical markers (CAT, GR, GPx, GST and AChE). Thus, Centropages ponticus could be used as a suitable bioindicator of exposure to Cd using biochemicals markers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cárcamo JG, Aguilar MN, Carreño CF, Vera T, Arias-Darraz L, Figueroa JE, Romero AP, Alvarez M, Yañez AJ. Consecutive emamectin benzoate and deltamethrin treatments affect the expressions and activities of detoxification enzymes in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:129-137. [PMID: 27765649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to three consecutive, alternating treatments with emamectin benzoate (EMB) and deltamethrin (DM) during outbreaks of Caligus rogercresseyi in a farm located in southern Chile (Hornopiren, Chiloé), were studied to determine the effects of these treatments on the protein and enzymatic activity levels of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in different tissues. Consecutive and alternating EMB/DM treatments resulted in a 10-fold increase and 3-fold decrease of CYP1A protein levels in the intestine and gills, respectively. Notably, CYP1A activity levels decreased in most of the analyzed tissues. FMO protein and activity levels markedly increased in the kidney and the intestine. GST was up-regulated in all tissues, either as protein or enzyme activity. When comparing consecutive EMB/DM treatments against previous studies of EMB treatment alone, CYP1A activity levels were similarly diminished, except in muscle. Likewise, FMO activity levels were increased in most of the analyzed tissues, particularly in the muscle, kidney, and intestine. The increases observed for GST were essentially unchanged between consecutive EMB/DM and EMB only treatments. These results indicate that consecutive EMB/DM treatments in rainbow trout induce the expression and activity of FMO and GST enzymes and decrease CYP1A activity. These altered activities of detoxification enzymes could generate imbalances in metabolic processes, synthesis, degradation of hormones and complications associated with drug interactions. It is especially important when analyzing possible effects of consecutive antiparasitic treatments on withholding periods and salmon farming yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guillermo Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile.
| | - Marcelo N Aguilar
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Constanza F Carreño
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tamara Vera
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Luis Arias-Darraz
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime E Figueroa
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Alex P Romero
- Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Patología Acuática, Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marco Alvarez
- Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yañez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar A, Sasmal D, Bhaskar A, Mukhopadhyay K, Thakur A, Sharma N. Deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial caspase-dependent signaling pathways in murine splenocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:808-819. [PMID: 25534813 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a well-known pyrethroid insecticide used extensively in pest control. Exposure to DLM has been demonstrated to cause apoptosis in various cells. However, the immunotoxic effects of DLM on mammalian system and its mechanism is still an open question to be explored. To explore these effects, this study has been designed to first observe the interactions of DLM to immune cell receptors and its effects on the immune system. The docking score revealed that DLM has strong binding affinity toward the CD45 and CD28 receptors. In vitro study revealed that DLM induces apoptosis in murine splenocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The earliest markers of apoptosis such as enhanced reactive oxygen species and caspase 3 activation are evident as early as 1 h by 25 and 50 µM DLM. Western blot analysis demonstrated that p38 MAP kinase and Bax expression is increased in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas Bcl 2 expression is significantly reduced after 3 h of DLM treatment. Glutathione depletion has been also observed at 3 and 6 h by 25 and 50 µM concentration of DLM. Flow cytometry results imply that the fraction of hypodiploid cells has gradually increased with all the concentrations of DLM at 18 h. N-acetyl cysteine effectively reduces the percentage of apoptotic cells, which is increased by DLM. In contrast, buthionine sulfoxamine causes an elevation in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Phenotyping data imply the effect of DLM toxicity in murine splenocytes. In brief, the study demonstrates that DLM causes apoptosis through its interaction with CD45 and CD28 receptors, leading to oxidative stress and activation of the mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathways which ultimately affects the immune functions. This study provides mechanistic information by which DLM causes toxicity in murine splenocytes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 808-819, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - D Sasmal
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amand Bhaskar
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kunal Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aman Thakur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Harayana-136119, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar A, Sasmal D, Sharma N. An insight into deltamethrin induced apoptotic calcium, p53 and oxidative stress signalling pathways. TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2015; 7:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s13530-015-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
|
21
|
Abdel-Daim MM, Abdelkhalek NKM, Hassan AM. Antagonistic activity of dietary allicin against deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage in freshwater Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:146-152. [PMID: 25450927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Allicin, the main biologically active component of garlic clove extracts, has been evaluated for its' efficacy in preventing deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage in Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus. Fish were fed on 2 different doses of 0.5 g and 1 g of allicin/kg diet for 28 days. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin and globulin were estimated. Moreover, the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) was analyzed as a lipid peroxidation marker. In addition, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed as antioxidant biomarkers in liver, kidney and gills. Results show that deltamethrin subacute intoxication (1.46 µg/L for 28 days) increased serum AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine and tissue MDA. At the same time, serum total protein and albumin as well as tissue level of GSH, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT were reduced. Allicin supplemented diets enhanced all the altered serum biochemical parameters as well as tissues' lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that feeding allicin can ameliorate deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress and might have some therapeutic properties to protect Nile tilapia on subacute deltamethrin toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Nevien K M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, El Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar A, Sasmal D, Sharma N. Deltamethrin induced an apoptogenic signalling pathway in murine thymocytes : exploring the molecular mechanism. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1303-1310. [PMID: 24217896 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a well-known pyrethroid insecticide; however, the immunotoxic effects of DLM on the mammalian system and its mechanism is still unclear. This study has been designed to first observe the binding affinity of DLM to immune cell receptors and its effects on the immune system. The docking score revealed that DLM has a strong binding affinity towards the CD4 and CD8 receptors. DLM induces apoptosis in murine thymocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The ear\ly markers of apoptosis such as enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activation are evident as early as 1 h by 25 and 50 μM DLM. Glutathione (GSH) depletion has also been observed at 1 h by 50 μM DLM concentration. In cell-cycle studies using flow cytometry, the fraction of hypodiploid cells has gradually increased with all the concentrations of DLM at 18 h. The Annexin V binding assay measures the effect of DLM on apoptotic and necrotic cells. The apoptotic cells raised from 18.6% to 35.21% (10-50 μM DLM) at 18 h. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) effectively reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells which is increased by DLM. In contrast, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) caused an elevation in the percentage of apoptotic cells. These results demonstrate that caspase activation, ROS activation and GSH act as critical mediators in a DLM-induced apoptogenic signalling pathway in murine thymocytes. In the presence of caspase inhibitor, the percentage of apoptotic cells is partially decreased. Thus, there may be the possibility of some other caspase-independent pathways in DLM-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nwani CD, Ifo CT, Nwamba HO, Ejere VC, Onyishi GC, Oluah SN, Ikwuagwu OE, Odo GE. Oxidative stress and biochemical responses in the tissues of African catfish Clarias gariepinus juvenile following exposure to primextra herbicide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:278-85. [PMID: 25116447 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.947503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Primextra is a commercial herbicide formulation generally used in agriculture for weed control. The present study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical responses in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus juvenile exposed to primextra. Fish were exposed to 0.24 and 0.47 mgL(-1) corresponding to 1/20 and 1/10th of 96 h LC50 of the herbicide. The liver and muscle tissues were sampled on day 1, 5, 10 and 15 and results showed concentration and time dependent significant increase (p < 0.05) in the values of lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in both tissues. A marked significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glucose in the liver while a mixed trend in their values were observed in the muscle. The values of superoxide dismutase and protein in both tissues were comparable to the control except on day 15 in the liver where the values significantly declined. The condition factor was not directly affected but values of hepatosomatic index were significantly reduced. The present findings revealed that primextra induced toxic stress even at sublethal concentrations resulting in alterations of the studied parameters which were more evident in the fish liver than in the muscle tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka , Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nwani CD, Nnaji MC, Oluah SN, Echi PC, Nwamba HO, Ikwuagwu OE, Ajima MNO. Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Olsvik PA, Ørnsrud R, Lunestad BT, Steine N, Fredriksen BN. Transcriptional responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to deltamethrin, alone or in combination with azamethiphos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:23-33. [PMID: 24674905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fish farmers have applied a combination of deltamethrin and azamethiphos in high-concentration and short-duration immersion treatment to improve protection against sea-lice (Lepeophtheirus sp.). In this work we aimed to study the effects of deltamethrin, alone or in combination with azamethiphos, on the transcription of stress and detoxification marker genes. Atlantic salmon kept at 12°C (one group was also kept at 4-5°C) were treated with deltamethrin alone or in combination with azamethiphos for a total of 40min, and gill and liver tissue harvested for transcriptional analysis 2 and 24h post treatment. No lethality was observed during the experiment. The result showed that deltamethrin, alone or in combination with azamethiphos, affected the transcriptional levels of several oxidative stress markers, including MnSOD (SOD2) and HSP70 (HSPA8) in the liver, and GPX1, CAT, MnSOD, HSP70 and GSTP1 in the gills. Significant responses for CASP3B, BCLX, IGFBP1B and ATP1A1 (Na-K-ATPase a1b) by some of the treatments suggest that the pharmaceutical drugs may affect apoptosis, growth and ion regulation mechanisms. In fish kept at 4-5°C, different effects were observed, suggesting a temperature-dependent response. In conclusion, the observed responses indicate that short-term exposure to deltamethrin has a profound effect on transcription of the evaluated markers in gills and liver of fish. Co-treatment with azamethiphos appears to have small mitigating effects on the transcriptional response caused by deltamethrin exposure alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, N-5005 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Robin Ørnsrud
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, N-5005 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of cyhalothrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:107373. [PMID: 24860807 PMCID: PMC4016908 DOI: 10.1155/2014/107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Nexide (a.i. gamma-cyhalothrin 60 g L−1) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were studied. Levels of oxidative stress parameters glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation were determined. Eggs of newly fertilised common carp were exposed to Nexide at concentrations 5, 25, 50, 100, and 250 μg L−1 (0.3, 1.5, 3, 6, and 15 μg L−1 gamma-cyhalothrin). All organisms exposed to concentrations higher than 50 μg L−1 died soon after hatching; at 25 μg L−1, 95% mortality was recorded. Larvae exposed to 5 μg L−1 showed significantly lower growth and retarded ontogenetic development compared to control. Histological examination of the livers of larvae from the exposed group revealed dystrophic changes. The value of detoxification enzyme GST of organisms from the exposed group was significantly higher compared to the control and the value of defensive enzyme GPx was significantly lower compared to the control. The results of our investigation confirmed that contamination of aquatic environment by pesticides containing cyhalothrin may impair growth and development of early life stages of carp and cause disbalance of defensive enzymes.
Collapse
|