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Choi SH, Bae HJ, Kim SY, Mony TJ, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Choi YY, An JY, Cho SY, Kim DH, Park SJ. Particulate matter (PM 10) exacerbates on MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors through the inhibition of ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116294. [PMID: 38574646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), released into the air by a variety of natural and human activities, is a key indicator of air pollution. Although PM is known as the extensive health hazard to affect a variety of illness, few studies have specifically investigated the effects of PM10 exposure on schizophrenic development. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of PM10 on MK-801, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in C57BL/6 mouse. Preadolescent mice were exposed PM10 to 3.2 mg/m3 concentration for 4 h/day for 2 weeks through a compartmentalized whole-body inhalation chamber. After PM10 exposure, we conducted behavioral tests during adolescence and adulthood to investigate longitudinal development of schizophrenia. We found that PM10 exacerbated schizophrenia-like behavior, such as psychomotor agitation, social interaction deficits and cognitive deficits at adulthood in MK-801-induced schizophrenia animal model. Furthermore, the reduced expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the phosphorylation of BDNF related signaling molecules, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), were exacerbated by PM10 exposure in the adult hippocampus of MK-801-treated mice. Thus, our present study demonstrates that exposure to PM10 in preadolescence exacerbates the cognitive impairment in animal model of schizophrenia, which are considered to be facilitated by the decreased level of BDNF through reduced ERK-CREB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Gencturk S, Unal G. Rodent tests of depression and anxiety: Construct validity and translational relevance. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:191-224. [PMID: 38413466 PMCID: PMC11039509 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the behaviorist school of psychology, behavioral testing of animals, particularly rodents, is employed to understand the complex cognitive and affective symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Following the symptom-based diagnosis model of the DSM, rodent models and tests of depression and anxiety focus on behavioral patterns that resemble the superficial symptoms of these disorders. While these practices provided researchers with a platform to screen novel antidepressant and anxiolytic drug candidates, their construct validity-involving relevant underlying mechanisms-has been questioned. In this review, we present the laboratory procedures used to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice. These include constructs that rely on stress-triggered responses, such as behavioral despair, and those that emerge with nonaversive training, such as cognitive bias. We describe the specific behavioral tests that are used to assess these constructs and discuss the criticisms on their theoretical background. We review specific concerns about the construct validity and translational relevance of individual behavioral tests, outline the limitations of the traditional, symptom-based interpretation, and introduce novel, ethologically relevant frameworks that emphasize simple behavioral patterns. Finally, we explore behavioral monitoring and morphological analysis methods that can be integrated into behavioral testing and discuss how they can enhance the construct validity of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gencturk
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Unal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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3
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Adraoui FW, Hettak K, Viardot G, Alix M, Guiffard S, Meot B, L’Hostis P, Maurin A, Delpy E, Drieu La Rochelle C, Carvalho K. Differential Effects of Aripiprazole on Electroencephalography-Recorded Gamma-Band Auditory Steady-State Response, Spontaneous Gamma Oscillations and Behavior in a Schizophrenia Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1035. [PMID: 38256109 PMCID: PMC10815955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The available antipsychotics for schizophrenia (SZ) only reduce positive symptoms and do not significantly modify SZ neurobiology. This has raised the question of the robustness and translational value of methods employed during drug development. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based measures like evoked and spontaneous gamma oscillations are considered robust translational biomarkers as they can be recorded in both patients and animal models to probe a key mechanism underlying all SZ symptoms: the excitation/inhibition imbalance mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction. Understanding the effects of commercialized atypical antipsychotics on such measures could therefore contribute to developing better therapies for SZ. Yet, the effects of such drugs on these EEG readouts are unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole on the gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR), spontaneous gamma oscillations and behavioral features in a SZ rat model induced by the NMDAr antagonist MK-801. Interestingly, we found that aripiprazole could not normalize MK-801-induced abnormalities in ASSR, spontaneous gamma oscillations or social interaction while it still improved MK-801-induced hyperactivity. Suggesting that aripiprazole is unable to normalize electrophysiological features underlying SZ symptoms, our results might explain aripiprazole's inefficacy towards the social interaction deficit in our model but also its limited efficacy against social symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W. Adraoui
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Kenza Hettak
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Geoffrey Viardot
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 6 Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Brunstatt-Didenheim, France
| | - Magali Alix
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Sabrina Guiffard
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Benoît Meot
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Philippe L’Hostis
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Maurin
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Eric Delpy
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | | | - Kevin Carvalho
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
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da Silva Fiorin F, Cunha do Espírito Santo C, Santos do Nascimento R, França AP, Freire Royes LF. Behavioral deficits after mild traumatic brain injury by fluid percussion in rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137550. [PMID: 37926292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to various disorders, encompassing cognitive and psychiatric complications. While pre-clinical studies have long investigated behavioral alterations, the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model still lacks a comprehensive behavioral battery that includes psychiatric-like disorders. To address this gap, we conducted multiple behavioral tasks over two months in adult male Wistar rats, focusing on mild FPI. Statistical analyses revealed that both naive and sham animals exhibited an increase in sweet liquid consumption over time. In contrast, the TBI group did not show any temporal changes, although mild FPI did induce a statistically significant decrease in sucrose consumption compared to control groups during the chronic phase. Additionally, social interaction tasks indicated reduced contact time in TBI animals. The elevated plus maze task demonstrated an increase in open-arm exploration following fluid percussion. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the acute and chronic phases for the forced swim and light-dark box tasks. Evaluation of three distinct memory tasks in the chronic phase revealed that mild FPI led to long-term memory deficits, as assessed by the object recognition task, while the surgical procedure itself resulted in short-term spatial memory deficits, as evaluated by the Y-maze task. Conversely, working memory remained unaffected in the water maze task. Collectively, these findings provide a nuanced characterization of behavioral deficits induced by mild FPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando da Silva Fiorin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Cunha do Espírito Santo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raphael Santos do Nascimento
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica e Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Patricia França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Rincón-Cortés M, Grace AA. Sex-dependent emergence of prepubertal social dysfunction and augmented dopamine activity in a neurodevelopmental rodent model relevant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:32-39. [PMID: 37922841 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder that often emerges in adolescence, is characterized by social dysfunction, and has an earlier onset in men. These features have been replicated in rats exposed to the mitotoxin methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on gestational day (GD) 17, which as adults exhibit behavioral impairments and dopamine (DA) system changes consistent with a schizophrenia-relevant rodent model. In humans, social withdrawal is a negative symptom that often precedes disease onset and DA system dysfunction and is more pronounced in men. Children and adolescents at high-risk for schizophrenia exhibit social deficits prior to psychotic symptoms (i.e., prodromal phase), which can be used as a predictive marker for future psychopathology. Adult MAM rats also exhibit deficient social interaction, but less is known regarding the emergence of social dysfunction in this model, whether it varies by sex, and whether it is linked to disrupted DA function. To this end, we characterized the ontogeny of social and DA dysfunction in male and female MAM rats during the prepubertal period (postnatal days 33-43) and found sex-specific changes in motivated social behaviors (play, approach) and DA function. Male MAM rats exhibited reduced social approach and increased VTA DA neuron activity compared to saline-treated (SAL) males, whereas female MAM rats exhibited enhanced play behaviors compared to SAL females but no changes in social approach or VTA population activity during this period. These findings demonstrate sex differences in the emergence of social and DA deficits in the MAM model, in which females exhibit delayed emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
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Novembre G, Nguyen T, Bigand F, Tucci V, Papaleo F, Bianco R, Koul A. Sociality and Timing: Correlation or Causation? Comment on 'The evolution of social timing' by Verga L., Kotz S. & Ravignani A. Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:179-181. [PMID: 37924673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Novembre
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy.
| | - Trinh Nguyen
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Félix Bigand
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Valter Tucci
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Behavior, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics and Cognition, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianco
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Atesh Koul
- Neuroscience of Perception and Action Lab, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
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Abramova O, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Ushakova V, Zorkina Y, Proshin AT, Storozheva Z, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Ultrasound-Induced Prenatal Stress: New Possibilities for Modeling Mental Disorders. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:000534687. [PMID: 37857257 PMCID: PMC11251674 DOI: 10.1159/000534687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of animal models of mental disorders is an important task, since such models are useful for studying the neurobiological mechanisms of psychopathologies and for trial of new therapeutic drugs. One way to model pathologies of the nervous system is to impair fetal neurodevelopment through stress of the pregnant future mother, or prenatal stress. The use of variable frequency ultrasound in rodents is a promising method of imitating psychological stress, to which women in modern society are most often subjected. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of prenatal stress induced by exposure to variable frequency ultrasound (US PS) throughout the gestational period on the adult rat offspring, namely to identify features of behavioral alterations and neurochemical brain parameters that can be associated with certain mental disorders in humans, to determine the possibility of creating a new model of psychopathology. Our study included a study of some behavioral characteristics of male and female rats in the elevated plus maze, open field test, object recognition test, social interaction test, sucrose preference test, latent inhibition test, Morris water maze, forced swimming test, acoustic startle reflex and prepulse inhibition tests. We also determined the activity of the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus and frontal cortex by HPLC-ED. Concentration of norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, serotonin, and HIAA, as well as DOPAC/dopamine and HIAA/serotonin ratios were determined. A correlation analysis of behavioral and neurochemical parameters in male and female rats was performed based on the data obtained. The results of the study showed that US PS altered the behavioral phenotype of the rat offspring. US PS increased the level of anxious behavior, impaired orientation-research behavior, increased grooming activity, decreased the desire for social contacts, shifted behavioral reactions from social interaction to interaction with inanimate objects, impaired latent inhibition, and decreased the startle reflex. US PS activated the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems of the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. A correlation between neurochemical and behavioral parameters was revealed. Our study showed that US PS leads to a certain dysfunction on behavioral and neurochemical levels in rats that is most closely associated with symptoms of schizophrenia or autism. We hypothesize that this could potentially be an indicator of face validity for a model of psychopathology based on neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Abramova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Mental-health Clinic No. 1 named after N.A. Alekseev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey T. Proshin
- Laboratory of General Physiology of Functional Systems, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zinaida Storozheva
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Moon HJ, Shin HS, Lee SH, Hong EJ, Ahn C, Yoo YM, Jeung EB, Lee GS, An BS, Jung EM. Effects of prenatal bisphenol S and bisphenol F exposure on behavior of offspring mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:260-271. [PMID: 37842186 PMCID: PMC10572065 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2264905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical that exhibits hormonal disturbance reactions. Various alternatives, such as Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF), are being developed. BPS and BPF (which are representative alternatives to BPA) are used in consumer products such as polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. They have structures similar to those of BPA and have also been proven to be exogenous endocrine disruptors. However, although there are many studies on BPA, there are few studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of BPS and BPF. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed neurobehavioral changes in offspring mice exposed to BPS and BPF during brain development by administering BPS and BPF to pregnant mice. We found that prenatal exposure to BPS and BPF did not affect anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, locomotion, sociability, memory, or cognition functions in offspring mice. However, exposure to BPS and BPF decreased the preference for social novelty in the offspring mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that perinatal exposure to BPS and BPF affects changes in social behaviors, but not other behavioral changes such as emotion, memory, or cognition in the offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Jung Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Shin
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Yoo
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Sanna F, Oliveras I, Lavín V, Torrecilla P, Río-Álamos C, Tapias-Espinosa C, Sánchez-González A, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Atypical antipsychotics attenuate MK801-induced social withdrawal and hyperlocomotion in the RHA rat model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1931-1945. [PMID: 37442829 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The administration of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists constitutes a widely used model that produce both positive (e.g., hyperactivity) and negative (e.g., social withdrawal) symptoms relevant for schizophrenia in rodents. These effects can be reversed with the administration of atypical (second and third generation) antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES In this study we combined the NMDAR-antagonist model with the Roman High-Avoidance (RHA) strain, a psychogenetically selected model of schizophrenia-relevant features. We also studied whether some atypical antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole) would be able to attenuate or reverse the behavioural alterations induced by MK801 and whether such effects might be dependent on the rat strain. METHODS MK801 dose-response study was conducted in RHA and Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA) male rats. After that, the 0.15 mg/kg MK801 dose was selected to carry out pharmacological studies versus atypical antipsychotics. RESULTS In the first experiment we establish that MK801 (dizocilpine), a NMDAR antagonist, produces dose-related hyperactivity and social withdrawal, which are more marked in RHA than RLA rats. The administration of the atypical antipsychotics clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) or ziprasidone (2.5 mg/kg) partially reversed or attenuated some of the social behaviour deficits and hyperactivity induced by the administration of MK801. Aripiprazole (3 mg/kg), a third-generation antipsychotic, reversed or attenuated the social preference deficit, the hyperactivity and the impairment of social latency induced by MK801. CONCLUSIONS These results seem to be in line with previous studies with the NMDAR-antagonist model and add face (MK801-induced social withdrawal and hyperactivity) and predictive (attenuation of MK801-induced effects by atypical antipsychotics) validity to the RHA rat strain as a model of schizophrenia-relevant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Sanna
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Lavín
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Torrecilla
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carles Tapias-Espinosa
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Woods R, Lorusso J, Fletcher J, ElTaher H, McEwan F, Harris I, Kowash H, D'Souza SW, Harte M, Hager R, Glazier JD. Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220064. [PMID: 37332846 PMCID: PMC10273029 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence to support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses and dysregulation of placental function implicated. This leads to changes in fetal brain cytokine balance and altered epigenetic regulation of key neurodevelopmental pathways. The prenatal timing of such mIA-evoked changes, and the accompanying fetal developmental responses to an altered in utero environment, will determine the scope of the impacts on neurodevelopmental processes. Such dysregulation can impart enduring neuropathological changes, which manifest subsequently in the postnatal period as altered neurodevelopmental behaviours in the offspring. Hence, elucidation of the functional changes that occur at the molecular level in the placenta is vital in improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of NDDs. This has notable relevance to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, where inflammatory responses in the placenta to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and NDDs in early childhood have been reported. This review presents an integrated overview of these collective topics and describes the possible contribution of prenatal programming through placental effects as an underlying mechanism that links to NDD risk, underpinned by altered epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Woods
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jarred M. Lorusso
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jennifer Fletcher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Heidi ElTaher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Francesca McEwan
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Isabella Harris
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Hager M. Kowash
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Stephen W. D'Souza
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Michael Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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11
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Haney M, Vallée M, Fabre S, Collins Reed S, Zanese M, Campistron G, Arout CA, Foltin RW, Cooper ZD, Kearney-Ramos T, Metna M, Justinova Z, Schindler C, Hebert-Chatelain E, Bellocchio L, Cathala A, Bari A, Serrat R, Finlay DB, Caraci F, Redon B, Martín-García E, Busquets-Garcia A, Matias I, Levin FR, Felpin FX, Simon N, Cota D, Spampinato U, Maldonado R, Shaham Y, Glass M, Thomsen LL, Mengel H, Marsicano G, Monlezun S, Revest JM, Piazza PV. Signaling-specific inhibition of the CB 1 receptor for cannabis use disorder: phase 1 and phase 2a randomized trials. Nat Med 2023; 29:1487-1499. [PMID: 37291212 PMCID: PMC10287566 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is widespread, and there is no pharmacotherapy to facilitate its treatment. AEF0117, the first of a new pharmacological class, is a signaling-specific inhibitor of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1-SSi). AEF0117 selectively inhibits a subset of intracellular effects resulting from Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) binding without modifying behavior per se. In mice and non-human primates, AEF0117 decreased cannabinoid self-administration and THC-related behavioral impairment without producing significant adverse effects. In single-ascending-dose (0.2 mg, 0.6 mg, 2 mg and 6 mg; n = 40) and multiple-ascending-dose (0.6 mg, 2 mg and 6 mg; n = 24) phase 1 trials, healthy volunteers were randomized to ascending-dose cohorts (n = 8 per cohort; 6:2 AEF0117 to placebo randomization). In both studies, AEF0117 was safe and well tolerated (primary outcome measurements). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover phase 2a trial, volunteers with CUD were randomized to two ascending-dose cohorts (0.06 mg, n = 14; 1 mg, n = 15). AEF0117 significantly reduced cannabis' positive subjective effects (primary outcome measurement, assessed by visual analog scales) by 19% (0.06 mg) and 38% (1 mg) compared to placebo (P < 0.04). AEF0117 (1 mg) also reduced cannabis self-administration (P < 0.05). In volunteers with CUD, AEF0117 was well tolerated and did not precipitate cannabis withdrawal. These data suggest that AEF0117 is a safe and potentially efficacious treatment for CUD.ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03325595 , NCT03443895 and NCT03717272 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Haney
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monique Vallée
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Stephanie Collins Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Caroline A Arout
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard W Foltin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tonisha Kearney-Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Justinova
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Schindler
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luigi Bellocchio
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Cathala
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Filippo Caraci
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Italy, and Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Unit of Translational Neuropharmacology, Troina, Italy
| | - Bastien Redon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- Basic Neuroscience Department, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- Cell-Type Mechanisms in Normal and Pathological Behavior Research Group, Neuroscience Programme, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Matias
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frances R Levin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Simon
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Hop Sainte Marguerite, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Marseille, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Cai H, Chow IHI, Lei SM, Lok GKI, Su Z, Cheung T, Peshkovskaya A, Tang YL, Jackson T, Ungvari GS, Zhang L, Xiang YT. Inter-relationships of depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality among adolescents: A network perspective. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:480-488. [PMID: 36584712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with suicidality including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plans (SP) and/or suicide attempts (SA) are at higher risk for future suicide than those without suicidality. To reduce the risk of future suicide, it is important to understand symptoms of emotional distress that have the strongest links with SI, SP and SA. This network analysis examined item-level relations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Adolescents between 12 and 20 years of age were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and individual binary reponse (no/yes) items assessing SI, SP, and SA during the pandemic. The structure of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and suicidality was characterized using "Expected Influence" and "Bridge Expected Influence" as centrality indices in the symptom network. Network stability was tested using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Node-specific predictive betweenness was computed to examine short paths of anhedonia, other depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with suicidality. A Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed based on gender. RESULTS Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidality were 44.60 % (95% confidence interval (CI) = 41.53-47.67 %), 31.12 % (95%CI = 28.26-33.98 %), and 16.95 % (95%CI = 14.63-19.26 %), respectively, in the study sample. The network analysis identified GAD3 ("Worry too much") as the most central symptom, followed by GAD6 ("Irritability") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") in the sample. Additionally, PHQ6 ("Guilt"), GAD6 ("Irritability"), and PHQ2 ("Sad mood") were bridge nodes linking depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality. A flow network indicated that the connection between S ("Suicidality") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") reflected the strongest connection, followed by connections of S ("Suicidality") with GAD2 ("Uncontrollable worrying"), and S ("Suicidality") with PHQ2 ("Sad mood"). Finally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") was the main bridge node linking anhedonia with other depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality in the sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the potential importance of reducing specific depressive and anxiety symptoms as possible means of reducing suicidality among adolescents during the pandemic. Central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified in this study should be targeted in suicide prevention for at-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ines H I Chow
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Si-Man Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | | | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anastasia Peshkovskaya
- Neuroscience Center, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia / Graylands Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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13
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Abdelfattah AM, Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N, Negm EA, Nawishy SAEK, Khalil AMM. Sonic hedgehog pathway as a new target of atypical antipsychotics: Revisiting of amisulpride and aripiprazole effects in a rat model of schizophrenia. Life Sci 2023; 316:121366. [PMID: 36649751 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness presented by cognitive deficits that precede its positive and negative symptoms. Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-pathway contributes to its pathophysiology. Shh has a role in neurogenesis as it regulates proliferation and survival of neural cells. In this study, effects of the anti-psychotics Amisulpride and/or Aripiprazole on the Shh-pathway and its relation to cognitive functions and neurogenesis in a rat model of schizophrenia were tested. METHODS 60 male Wistar rats were allocated into the following groups: control, socially isolated, amisulpride and/or aripiprazole-treated groups. Rats were then subjected to behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological tests to assess the impact of these drugs on Shh-pathway. KEY FINDINGS Cognitive-dysfunction was evidenced in socially isolated group in novel object, three-chamber, and Morris water maze tests, associated by disorganised Shh-pathway proteins levels concentrations, increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-stained astrocytes. Treated groups favorably reversed these changes evidenced by increased Shh, transmembrane patched-1 and smoothened, glioma-associated-oncogene (GLI)-1 levels, dopamine-1 receptors and brain derived neurotrophic factor, and decreased GLI-3 protein, GFAP immune reaction in astrocytes and inflammatory markers compared to socially isolated group. CONCLUSION Amisulpride and/or aripiprazole have a favorable role in turning on Shh-pathway with subsequent beneficial cognitive and neurogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdelfattah
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sally A Abuelezz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Negm
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Potter HG, Kowash HM, Woods RM, Revill G, Grime A, Deeney B, Burgess MA, Aarons T, Glazier JD, Neill JC, Hager R. Maternal behaviours and adult offspring behavioural deficits are predicted by maternal TNFα concentration in a rat model of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:162-175. [PMID: 36503051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inflammatory stressors during fetal development is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in adult offspring. Maternal immune activation (MIA), induced by infection, causes an acute increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines which can increase the risk for NDDs directly by inducing placental and fetal brain inflammation, or indirectly through affecting maternal care behaviours thereby affecting postnatal brain development. Which of these two potential mechanisms dominates in increasing offspring risk for NDDs remains unclear. Here, we show that acute systemic maternal inflammation induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) on gestational day 15 of rat pregnancy affects offspring and maternal behaviour, offspring cognition, and expression of NDD-relevant genes in the offspring brain. Dams exposed to poly I:C elicited an acute increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF; referred to here as TNFα), which predicted disruption of key maternal care behaviours. Offspring of poly I:C-treated dams showed early behavioural and adult cognitive deficits correlated to the maternal TNFα response, but, importantly, not with altered maternal care. We also found interacting effects of sex and treatment on GABAergic gene expression and DNA methylation in these offspring in a brain region-specific manner, including increased parvalbumin expression in the female adolescent frontal cortex. We conclude that the MIA-induced elevation of TNFα in the maternal compartment affects fetal neurodevelopment leading to altered offspring behaviour and cognition. Our results suggest that a focus on prenatal pathways affecting fetal neurodevelopment would provide greater insights into the mechanisms underpinning the TNFα-mediated genesis of altered offspring behaviour and cognition following maternal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry G Potter
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Burnley BB11 1RA, United Kingdom.
| | - Hager M Kowash
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Woods
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Revill
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Grime
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Deeney
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Burgess
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Aarons
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn D Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Chair of Medical Psychedelics Working Group, Drug Science, United Kingdom
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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15
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Visini G, Brown S, Weston-Green K, Shannon Weickert C, Chesworth R, Karl T. The effects of preventative cannabidiol in a male neuregulin 1 mouse model of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1010478. [PMID: 36406747 PMCID: PMC9669370 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid with antipsychotic-like properties, however it’s potential to prevent schizophrenia development has not been thoroughly investigated. Brain maturation during adolescence creates a window where CBD could potentially limit the development of schizophrenia. The neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain heterozygous (Nrg1 TM HET) mutant mouse shows face, predictive, and construct validity for schizophrenia. Here we sought to determine if CBD given in adolescence could prevent the development of the schizophrenia-relevant phenotype, as well as susceptibility to the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Nrg1 TM HET mice. Adolescent male Nrg1 mutants and wild type-like (WT) animals were administered 30 mg/kg CBD i.p. daily for seven weeks, and were tested for locomotion, social behavior, sensorimotor gating and cognition, and sensitivity to acute THC-induced behaviors. GAD67, GluA1, and NMDAR1 protein levels were measured in the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Chronic adolescent CBD increased locomotion in animals regardless of genotype, was anxiolytic, and increased social behavior when animals were tested for their acute THC response. CBD did not alleviate the schizophrenia-relevant hyperlocomotive phenotype of Nrg1 mutants, nor deficits in social behaviors. Nrg1 mutant mice treated with CBD and THC showed no habituation to a startle pulse, suggesting CBD increased vulnerability to the startle habituation-reducing effects of THC in mutant mice. CBD increased levels of GluA1, but reduced levels of GAD67 in the hippocampus of Nrg1 mutants. These results suggest adolescent CBD is not effective as a preventative of schizophrenia-relevant behavioral deficits in mutants and may actually contribute to pathological changes in the brain that increase sensitivity to THC in particular behavioral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Visini
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samara Brown
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rose Chesworth,
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Tim Karl,
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16
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The relationship between negative symptoms, social cognition, and social functioning in patients with first episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:171-179. [PMID: 36041260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social functioning is severely affected in psychotic disorders. Negative symptoms and social cognition seem to play an important role in social functioning, although the preponderance and relationship between these three domains is not clear. In this study, we sought to assess the interrelation between social cognition, social functioning, and the expressiveness and experiential factors of negative symptoms in first-episode psychosis (FEP). SAMPLE AND METHODS 216 patients, participants in a multicentre study (AGES-CM), comprised our study sample. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) was used to assess functioning, whereas the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure the severity of negative symptoms, and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) was applied to assess the emotional processing component of social cognition. Network analyses were conducted with the aim of analysing the patterns of relationships between social cognition, social functioning, and the expressiveness and experiential factors of negative symptoms. RESULTS Our findings suggest that there is a direct relationship between social cognition and social functioning (weight = -.077), but also an indirect connection between them, mediated by the experiential (but not the expressiveness) factor of negative symptoms (weight = 0.300). DISCUSSION The importance of the affectation of subdomains of social cognition, as well as the role of negative symptoms, specifically the experiential factor, in the functioning of patients with FEP seems to be relevant. The inclusion of these factors in prevention and treatment programs would thus allow us to reduce their impact on the social functioning of these patients.
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17
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Kim SH, An K, Namkung H, Saito A, Rannals MD, Moore JR, Mihaljevic M, Saha S, Oh S, Kondo MA, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Maher BJ, Niwa M, Sawa A. Anterior Insula-Associated Social Novelty Recognition: Pivotal Roles of a Local Retinoic Acid Cascade and Oxytocin Signaling. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 180:305-317. [PMID: 36128683 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in social cognition consistently underlie functional disabilities in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that the anterior insula is a "common core" brain region that is impaired across neurological and psychiatric disorders, which include social cognition deficits. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms of the anterior insula for social cognition remain elusive. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. METHODS To determine the role of the anterior insula in social cognition, the authors manipulated expression of Cyp26B1, an anterior insula-enriched molecule that is crucial for retinoic acid degradation and is involved in the pathology of neuropsychiatric conditions. Social cognition was mainly assayed using the three-chamber social interaction test. Multimodal analyses were conducted at the molecular, cellular, circuitry, and behavioral levels. RESULTS At the molecular and cellular level, anterior insula-mediated social novelty recognition is maintained by proper activity of the layer 5 pyramidal neurons, for which retinoic acid-mediated gene transcription can play a role. The authors also demonstrate that oxytocin influences the anterior insula-mediated social novelty recognition, although not by direct projection of oxytocin neurons, nor by direct diffusion of oxytocin to the anterior insula, which contrasts with the modes of oxytocin regulation onto the posterior insula. Instead, oxytocin affects oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, where serotonergic neurons are projected to the anterior insula. Furthermore, the authors show that serotonin 5-HT2C receptor expressed in the anterior insula influences social novelty recognition. CONCLUSIONS The anterior insula plays a pivotal role in social novelty recognition that is partly regulated by a local retinoic acid cascade but also remotely regulated by oxytocin via a long-range circuit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hong Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Kyongman An
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Ho Namkung
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Matthew D Rannals
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - James R Moore
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Sneha Saha
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Seyun Oh
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Mari A Kondo
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Kun Yang
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Brady J Maher
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Minae Niwa
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry (Kim, An, Namkung, Saito, Moore, Mihaljevic, Saha, Oh, Kondo, Ishizuka, Yang, Maher, Niwa, Sawa), Neuroscience (Maher, Sawa), Biomedical Engineering (Namkung, Sawa), Pharmacology (Sawa), and Genetic Medicine (Sawa), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Sawa); Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore (Rannals, Oh, Maher); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney (Kondo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham (Niwa)
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18
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Kawabe M, Nishida T, Horita C, Ikeda A, Takahashi R, Inui A, Shiozaki K. Ninjinyoeito improves social behavior disorder in neuropeptide Y deficient zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905711. [PMID: 36034826 PMCID: PMC9411948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociability is an essential component of the linkage structure in human and other vertebrate communication. Low sociability is defined as a poor social approach, including social withdrawal and apathy, and is implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Ninjinyoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been used in the medical field. This study aimed to determine the effect of NYT on low sociality in NPY-KO zebrafish. NPY-KO zebrafish were fed a 3% NYT-supplemented diet for 4 days and subjected to behavioral tests. In the mirror test, NPY-KO zebrafish fed a control diet showed avoidance behavior toward their mirror counterparts. In contrast, the treatment of NPY-KO zebrafish with NYT significantly increased their interaction with their counterparts in the mirror. In addition, a 3-chambers test was conducted to confirm the effect of NYT on the low sociality of NPY-KO zebrafish. NPY-KO zebrafish fed the control diet showed less interaction with fish chambers, while NYT treatment increased the interaction. Phosphorylation of ERK, a marker of neuronal activity, was significantly reduced in the whole brain of NYT-fed NPY-KO zebrafish, compared to the control diet. NYT treatment significantly suppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-related genes (gr, pomc, and crh) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary-related genes (th1, th2, and cck) in NPY-KO zebrafish. NYT administration significantly reduced mRNA levels of gad1b compared to the control diet, suggesting the involvement of GABAergic neurons in NYT-induced improvement of low sociability. Furthermore, the expression of CREB was suppressed when NPY-KO zebrafish were fed NYT. Next, we attempted to identify the effective herb responsible for the NYT-induced improvement of low sociability. NPY-KO zebrafish were fed an experimental diet containing the target herb for 4 days, and its effect on sociability was evaluated using the 3-chambers test. Results showed that Cinnamon Bark and Polygala Root treatments significantly increased time spent in the fish tank area compared to the control diet, while the other 10 herbs did not. We confirmed that these two herbs suppressed the activity of HPA-, SAM-, and GABAergic neurons, as well as NYT-treated zebrafish, accompanied by downregulation of CREB signaling. This study suggests the potential use of NYT as a drug for sociability disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kawabe
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishida
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihoko Horita
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Asami Ikeda
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Food Life Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuhiro Shiozaki,
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19
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Hazani R, Lavidor M, Weller A. Treatments for Social Interaction Impairment in Animal Models of Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1179-1193. [PMID: 35925025 PMCID: PMC9673263 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pharmacological treatments for positive symptoms of schizophrenia are widely used, their beneficial effect on negative symptoms, particularly social impairment, is insufficiently studied. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in preclinical research of potentially beneficial treatments, with mixed results. The current review aims to evaluate the efficacy of available treatments for social deficits in different animal models of schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature search generated 145 outcomes for the measures "total time" and "number" of social interactions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was tested using Q statistics in a random-effect meta-analytic model. Given the vast heterogeneity in effect sizes, the animal model, treatment group, and sample size were all examined as potential moderators. STUDY RESULTS The results showed that in almost all models, treatment significantly improved social deficit (total time: SMD = 1.24; number: SMD = 1.1). The moderator analyses discovered significant subgroup differences across models and treatment subgroups. Perinatal and adult pharmacological models showed the most substantial influence of treatments on social deficits, reflecting relative pharmacological validity. Furthermore, atypical antipsychotic drugs had the highest SMD within each model subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the improvement in social interaction behaviors is dependent on the animal model and treatment family used. Implications for the preclinical and clinical fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Hazani
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; tel: 972-3-531-8548, fax: 972-3-738-4173, e-mail:
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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20
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Chen Y, Li S, Zhang T, Yang F, Lu B. Corticosterone antagonist or TrkB agonist attenuates schizophrenia-like behavior in a mouse model combining Bdnf-e6 deficiency and developmental stress. iScience 2022; 25:104609. [PMID: 35789832 PMCID: PMC9250029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangjin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100084, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Corresponding author
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21
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Wang AL, Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Lamounier-Zepter V, Hollenberg CP, Lubec G, Trossbach SV, Korth C, Huston JP. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 Protein Misassembly Impairs Cognitive Flexibility and Social Behaviors in a Transgenic Rat Model. Neuroscience 2022; 493:41-51. [PMID: 35461978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cognitive functions, social behaviors and stress reactions are commonly diagnosed in chronic mental illnesses (CMI). Animal models expressing mutant genes associated to CMI represent either rare mutations or those contributing only minimally to genetic risk. Non-genetic causes of CMI can be modeled by disturbing downstream signaling pathways, for example through inducing protein misassembly or aggregation. The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene was identified to be disrupted and thereby haploinsufficient in a large pedigree where it associated to CMI. The DISC1 protein misassembles to an insoluble protein in a subset of CMI patients and this has been modeled in a rat (tgDISC1 rat) where the full-length, non mutant human transgene was overexpressed and cognitive impairments were observed. Here, we investigated the scope of effects of DISC1 protein misassembly by investigating spatial memory, social behavior and stress resilience. In water maze tasks, the tgDISC1 rats showed intact spatial learning and memory, but were deficient in flexible adaptation to spatial reversal learning compared to littermate controls. They also displayed less social interaction. Additionally, there was a trend towards increased corticosterone levels after restraint stress in the tgDISC1 rats. Our findings suggest that DISC1 protein misassembly leads to disturbances of cognitive flexibility and social behaviors, and might also be involved in stress sensitization. Since the observed behavioral features resemble symptoms of CMI, the tgDISC1 rat may be a valuable model for the investigation of cognitive, social and - possibly - also stress-related symptoms of major mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Li Wang
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA.
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Cornelis P Hollenberg
- Institute of Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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de Oliveira RP, de Andrade JS, Spina M, Chamon JV, Silva PHD, Werder AK, Ortolani D, Thomaz LDSC, Romariz S, Ribeiro DA, Longo BM, Spadari RC, Viana MDB, Melo-Thomas L, Céspedes IC, da Silva RCB. Clozapine prevented social interaction deficits and reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity expression in several brain areas of rats exposed to acute restraint stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262728. [PMID: 35239670 PMCID: PMC8893644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluate the effect of acute restraint stress (15 min) of male Wistar rats on social interaction measurements and c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir) expression, a marker of neuronal activity, in areas involved with the modulation of acute physical restraint in rats, i.e., the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), median raphe nucleus (MnR), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), cingulate prefrontal cortex (cPFC), nucleus accumbens (NaC), hippocampus (CA3), lateral septum (LS) and medial amygdala (MeA). We considered the hypothesis that restraint stress exposure could promote social withdrawal induced by the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and increase c-Fos expression in these limbic forebrain areas investigated. In addition, we investigated whether pretreatment with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine (5 mg/kg; I.P.) could attenuate or block the effects of restraint on these responses. We found that restraint stress induced social withdrawal, and increased c-Fos-ir in these areas, demonstrating that a single 15 min session of physical restraint of rats effectively activated the HPA axis, representing an effective tool for the investigation of neuronal activity in brain regions sensitive to stress. Conversely, pretreatment with clozapine, prevented social withdrawal and reduced c-Fos expression. We suggest that treatment with clozapine exerted a preventive effect in the social interaction deficit, at least in part, by blocking the effect of restraint stress in brain regions that are known to regulate the HPA-axis, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum and amygdala. Further experiments will be done to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Simões de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Marianna Spina
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - João Vítor Chamon
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Ana Keyla Werder
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniela Ortolani
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Simone Romariz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/SP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/SP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Spadari
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
| | - Liana Melo-Thomas
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-Universityof Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Marburg Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (MCMBB), Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Cristina Céspedes
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos (SP), Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento (INeC), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Oliveras I, Soria-Ruiz O, Sampedro-Viana D, Cañete T, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Social preference in Roman rats: age and sex variations relevance for modeling negative schizophrenia-like features. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113722. [PMID: 35077728 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal is one of the most relevant negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Animal models that mimic schizophrenia's symptoms, in general, and negative symptoms, in particular, are difficult to develop because of the high complexity of symptoms and neurochemical disturbances that schizophrenia patients display throughout their lives. In recent years we have shown that Roman High- Avoidance (RHA) rats exhibit some phenotypes that are thought to represent positive symptoms, cognitive/attentional symptoms, as well as some negative symptoms of the disease. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating whether the social interaction (SI) deficits exhibited by adult male RHA rats, compared to their Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA) counterparts, are also present during adolescence, as well as whether there are between-strain differences in adolescent and adult female rats. The results of the present study show that adult male RHA rats exhibited a deficit in social preference compared to their RLA counterparts. Such a deficit was not observed in adolescent RHA rats or female rats of any age. The results also show that the adult male rats of both strains had significant decreases in social preference compared to the adolescent male rats. Additionally, we also show that female adult RHA rats have greater social preference than their male counterparts. These results seem to be in line with previous rodent and human studies and add face validity to the RHA rats as a model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - OscarJ Soria-Ruiz
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & ForensicMedicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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de Abreu MS, Costa F, Giacomini ACVV, Demin KA, Zabegalov KN, Maslov GO, Kositsyn YM, Petersen EV, Strekalova T, Rosemberg DB, Kalueff AV. Towards Modeling Anhedonia and Its Treatment in Zebrafish. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:293-306. [PMID: 34918075 PMCID: PMC9017771 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, especially depression, are a major cause of human disability. The loss of pleasure (anhedonia) is a common, severely debilitating symptom of clinical depression. Experimental animal models are widely used to better understand depression pathogenesis and to develop novel antidepressant therapies. In rodents, various experimental models of anhedonia have already been developed and extensively validated. Complementing rodent studies, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a powerful model organism to assess pathobiological mechanisms of affective disorders, including depression. Here, we critically discuss the potential of zebrafish for modeling anhedonia and studying its molecular mechanisms and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil,Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabiano Costa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Drug Screening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Gleb O Maslov
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Kositsyn
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Elena V Petersen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Strekalova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Maastricht Medical Center Annadal, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maasticht, the Netherlands,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov 1st Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Drug Screening Platform, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia,Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibisk, Russia,Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia,Correspondence: Allan V. Kalueff, PhD, School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China ()
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25
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Hsieh CP, Chen ST, Lee MY, Huang CM, Chen HH, Chan MH. N, N-dimethylglycine Protects Behavioral Disturbances and Synaptic Deficits Induced by Repeated Ketamine Exposure in Mice. Neuroscience 2021; 472:128-137. [PMID: 34400248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) blocker, is gaining ground as a treatment option for depression. The occurrence of persistent psychosis and cognitive impairment after repeated use of ketamine remains a concern. N, N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is a nutrient supplement and acts as an NMDAR glycine site partial agonist. The objective of this study was to assess whether DMG could potentially prevent the behavioral and synaptic deficits in mice after repeated ketamine exposure. Male ICR mice received ketamine (20 mg/kg) from postnatal day (PN) 33-46, twice daily, for 14 days. The locomotor activity, novel location recognition test (NLRT), novel object recognition test (NORT), social interaction test, head twitch response induced by serotonergic hallucinogen, and the basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal slices were monitored after repeated ketamine treatment. Furthermore, the protective effects of repeated combined administration of DMG (30 and 100 mg/kg) with ketamine on behavioral abnormalities and synaptic dysfunction were assessed. The results showed that mice exhibited memory impairments, social withdrawal, increased head twitch response, reduced excitatory synaptic transmission, and lower LTP after repeated ketamine exposure. The ketamine-induced behavioral and synaptic deficits were prevented by co-treatment with DMG. In conclusion, these findings may pave a new path forward to developing a combination formula with ketamine and DMG for the treatment of depression and other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pin Hsieh
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tsu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Lee
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Huang
- Animal Behavioral Core, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Hsien Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Animal Behavioral Core, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Huan Chan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Varga TG, de Toledo Simões JG, Siena A, Henrique E, da Silva RCB, Dos Santos Bioni V, Ramos AC, Rosenstock TR. Haloperidol rescues the schizophrenia-like phenotype in adulthood after rotenone administration in neonatal rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2569-2585. [PMID: 34089344 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disturbances that encompass several hypotheses, including changes in neurodevelopment. It is known that brain development disturbances during early life can predict psychosis in adulthood. As we have previously demonstrated, rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, could induce psychiatric-like behavior in 60-day-old rats after intraperitoneal injections from the 5th to the 11th postnatal day. Because mitochondrial deregulation is related to psychiatric disorders and the establishment of animal models is a high-value preclinical tool, we investigated the responsiveness of the rotenone (Rot)-treated newborn rats to pharmacological agents used in clinical practice, haloperidol (Hal), and methylphenidate (MPD). Taken together, our data show that Rot-treated animals exhibit hyperlocomotion, decreased social interaction, and diminished contextual fear conditioning response at P60, consistent with positive, negative, and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia (SZ), respectively, that were reverted by Hal, but not MPD. Rot-treated rodents also display a prodromal-related phenotype at P35. Overall, our results seem to present a new SZ animal model as a consequence of mitochondrial inhibition during a critical neurodevelopmental period. Therefore, our study is crucial not only to elucidate the relevance of mitochondrial function in the etiology of SZ but also to fulfill the need for new and trustworthy experimentation models and, likewise, provide possibilities to new therapeutic avenues for this burdensome disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Garcia Varga
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Ed. Biomédicas I, 2º andar, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elisandra Henrique
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Camargo Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Ed. Biomédicas I, 2º andar, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil. .,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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27
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Combined Low Dose of Ketamine and Social Isolation: A Possible Model of Induced Chronic Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms in Male Albino Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070917. [PMID: 34356151 PMCID: PMC8303272 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While animal models for schizophrenia, ranging from pharmacological models to lesions and genetic models, are available, they usually mimic only the positive symptoms of this disorder. Identifying a feasible model of chronic schizophrenia would be valuable for studying the possible underlying mechanism and to investigate emerging treatments. Our hypothesis starts from the observation that combining ketamine with isolation could result in long-lasting neuro-psychological deficits and schizophrenia-like features; thus, it could probably be used as the first model of chronic schizophrenia that emphasizes the characteristic of having a multifactorial etiology. By the means of this study, we investigated the effects of ketamine administration combined with isolation in inducing schizophrenia-like symptoms in male albino rats and the brain reactive oxygen species levels. Our results showed that the number of lines crossings in the open field test, the number of open arm entries in the elevated plus maze, and the spontaneous alternations percentage in the Y-maze were significantly lower in the ketamine + isolation group compared to both the control and ketamine + social housing group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ketamine + isolation intervention significantly increased the MDA levels and decreased the GPx levels both in the hippocampus and the cortex of the rats. In addition, our premise of creating a model capable of exhibiting both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia was also based on adding the aripiprazole treatment to a group of rats. Therefore, we compared the ketamine + social isolation group with the ketamine + social isolation + aripiprazole group in order to attempt to discover if the antipsychotic drug would significantly decrease the potential positive schizophrenia-like symptoms induced by social isolation and ketamine. Given that we obtained significant results, we cautiously presume that this might be an important step in developing our animal model capable of illustrating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. This study could be a first step towards the creation of a complex animal model capable of exhibiting the multifactorial origin and manifestation of schizophrenia.
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28
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Rampino A, Torretta S, Gelao B, Veneziani F, Iacoviello M, Marakhovskaya A, Masellis R, Andriola I, Sportelli L, Pergola G, Minelli A, Magri C, Gennarelli M, Vita A, Beaulieu JM, Bertolino A, Blasi G. Evidence of an interaction between FXR1 and GSK3β polymorphisms on levels of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia and their response to antipsychotics. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e39. [PMID: 33866994 PMCID: PMC8260562 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) have identified several genes associated with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and exponentially increased knowledge on the genetic basis of the disease. In addition, products of GWAS genes interact with neuronal factors coded by genes lacking association, such that this interaction may confer risk for specific phenotypes of this brain disorder. In this regard, fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related 1 (FXR1) gene has been GWAS associated with SCZ. FXR1 protein is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which has been implicated in pathophysiology of SCZ and response to antipsychotics (APs). rs496250 and rs12630592, two eQTLs (Expression Quantitative Trait Loci) of FXR1 and GSK3β, respectively, interact on emotion stability and amygdala/prefrontal cortex activity during emotion processing. These two phenotypes are associated with Negative Symptoms (NSs) of SCZ suggesting that the interaction between these SNPs may also affect NS severity and responsiveness to medication. METHODS To test this hypothesis, in two independent samples of patients with SCZ, we investigated rs496250 by rs12630592 interaction on NS severity and response to APs. We also tested a putative link between APs administration and FXR1 expression, as already reported for GSK3β expression. RESULTS We found that rs496250 and rs12630592 interact on NS severity. We also found evidence suggesting interaction of these polymorphisms also on response to APs. This interaction was not present when looking at positive and general psychopathology scores. Furthermore, chronic olanzapine administration led to a reduction of FXR1 expression in mouse frontal cortex. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that, like GSK3β, FXR1 is affected by APs while shedding new light on the role of the FXR1/GSK3β pathway for NSs of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Veneziani
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rita Masellis
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ileana Andriola
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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29
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Martínez-Torres NI, Vázquez-Hernández N, Martín-Amaya-Barajas FL, Flores-Soto M, González-Burgos I. Ibotenic acid induced lesions impair the modulation of dendritic spine plasticity in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, a phenomenon that underlies working memory and social behavior. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173883. [PMID: 33513334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lesions induced by Ibotenic acid (IA) emulate some of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as impaired working memory that is predominantly organized by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), or difficulties in social interactions that aremainly organized by the amygdala (AMG). The plastic capacity of dendritic spines in neurons of the mPFC and AMG is modulated by molecules that participate in the known deterioration of working memory, although the influence of these on the socialization of schizophrenic patients is unknown. Here, the effect of a neonatal IA induced lesion on social behavior and working memory was evaluated in adult rats, along with the changes in cytoarchitecture of dendritic spines and their protein content, specifically the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), Synaptophysin (Syn), AMPA receptors, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Both working memory and social behavior were impaired, and the density of the spines, as well as their PSD-95, Syn, AMPA receptor and BDNF content was lower in IA lesioned animals. The proportional density of thin, mushroom, stubby and wide spines resulted in plastic changes that suggest the activation of compensatory processes in the face of the adverse effects of the lesion. In addition, the reduction in the levels of the modulating factors also suggests that the signaling pathways in which such factors are implicated would be altered in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Accordingly, the experimental study of such signaling pathways is likely to aid the development of more effective pharmacological strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor I Martínez-Torres
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico; Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jal., Mexico
| | - Nallely Vázquez-Hernández
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | | | - Mario Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | - Ignacio González-Burgos
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico.
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30
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Manduca A, Carbone E, Schiavi S, Cacchione C, Buzzelli V, Campolongo P, Trezza V. The neurochemistry of social reward during development: What have we learned from rodent models? J Neurochem 2021; 157:1408-1435. [PMID: 33569830 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social rewards are fundamental to survival and overall health. Several studies suggest that adequate social stimuli during early life are critical for developing appropriate socioemotional and cognitive skills, whereas adverse social experiences negatively affect the proper development of brain and behavior, by increasing the susceptibility to develop neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social interactions, and their rewarding components in particular, is an important challenge of current neuroscience research. In this context, preclinical research has a crucial role: Animal models allow to investigate the neurobiological aspects of social reward in order to shed light on possible neurochemical alterations causing aberrant social reward processing in neuropsychiatric diseases, and they allow to test the validity and safety of innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss preclinical research that has investigated the rewarding properties of two forms of social interaction that occur in different phases of the lifespan of mammals, that is, mother-infant interaction and social interactions with peers, by focusing on the main neurotransmitter systems mediating their rewarding components. Together, the research performed so far helped to elucidate the mechanisms of social reward and its psychobiological components throughout development, thus increasing our understanding of the neurobiological substrates sustaining social functioning in health conditions and social dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Manduca
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.,Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Carbone
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Schiavi
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cacchione
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Buzzelli
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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31
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Oxytocin in Schizophrenia: Pathophysiology and Implications for Future Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042146. [PMID: 33670047 PMCID: PMC7926349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a form of mental disorder that is behaviorally characterized by abnormal behavior, such as social function deficits or other behaviors that are disconnected from reality. Dysregulation of oxytocin may play a role in regulating the expression of schizophrenia. Given oxytocin’s role in social cognition and behavior, a variety of studies have examined the potential clinical benefits of oxytocin in improving the psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. In this review, we highlight the evidence for the role of endogenous oxytocin in schizophrenia, from animal models to human studies. We further discuss the potential of oxytocin as a therapeutic agent for schizophrenia and its implication in future treatment.
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32
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Neonatal Rotenone Administration Induces Psychiatric Disorder-Like Behavior and Changes in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Synaptic Proteins in Adulthood. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3015-3030. [PMID: 33608825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the development of the nervous system, an energy-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether mitochondrial inhibition during the critical neurodevelopment window in rodents would be able to induce metabolic alterations culminating in psychiatric-like behavior. We treated male Wistar rat puppies (P) with rotenone (Rot), an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, from postnatal days 5 to 11 (P5-P11). We demonstrated that at P60 and P120, Rot-treated animals showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in social interaction and aversive contextual memory, features observed in animal models of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. During adulthood, Rot-treated rodents also presented modifications in CBP and CREB levels in addition to a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression. Additionally, NFE2L2-activation was not altered in Rot-treated P60 and P120 animals; an upregulation of pNFE2L2/ NFE2L2 was only observed in P12 cortices. Curiously, ATP/ADP levels did not change in all ages evaluated. Rot administration in newborn rodents also promoted modification in Rest and Mecp2 expression, and in synaptic protein levels, named PSD-95, Synaptotagmin-1, and Synaptophysin in the adult rats. Altogether, our data indicate that behavioral abnormalities and changes in synaptic proteins in adulthood induced by neonatal Rot administration might be a result of adjustments in CREB pathways and alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression, rather than a direct deficiency of energy supply, as previously speculated. Consequently, Rot-induced psychiatric-like behavior would be an outcome of alterations in neuronal paths due to mitochondrial deregulation.
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33
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Loss CM, Teodoro L, Rodrigues GD, Moreira LR, Peres FF, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abílio VC. Is Cannabidiol During Neurodevelopment a Promising Therapy for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:635763. [PMID: 33613289 PMCID: PMC7890086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.635763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders that cause high levels of functional disabilities. Also, the currently available therapies for these disorders are limited. Therefore, the search for treatments that could be beneficial for the altered course of the neurodevelopment associated with these disorders is paramount. Preclinical and clinical evidence points to cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising strategy. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies on schizophrenia and ASD investigating the behavioral, molecular, and functional effects of chronic treatment with CBD (and with cannabidivarin for ASD) during neurodevelopment. In summary, the results point to CBD's beneficial potential for the progression of these disorders supporting further investigations to strengthen its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Morais Loss
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teodoro
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Doná Rodrigues
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Moreira
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fiel Peres
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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34
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Neonatal phencyclidine and social isolation in the rat: effects of clozapine on locomotor activity, social recognition, prepulse inhibition, and executive functions deficits. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:517-528. [PMID: 33169202 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a need to develop animal models of schizophrenia-like behaviors that have both construct and predictive validity. Recently, a neonatal phencyclidine (PCP) and post-weaning social isolation dual-hit model was developed; however, its face and predictive validities need to be further investigated. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to extend the characterization of the behavioral changes occurring in the neonatal PCP and post-weaning social isolation dual-hit rat model and to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment with clozapine on signs related to schizophrenia. METHODS Male Wistar rat pups were treated with PCP (10 mg/kg s.c.) on postnatal days (PND) 7, 9, and 11. Starting from weaning, neonatal PCP-treated rat pups were socially isolated, while control saline-treated rats were group housed. At adulthood, rats were assessed using behavioral tasks evaluating locomotor activity, social recognition, prepulse inhibition, and reversal learning. Clozapine (3 mg/kg i.p.) was administered daily starting from a week before behavioral tests and until the end of the study. RESULTS Neonatal PCP-treated and post-weaning social isolated (PCP-SI) rats displayed persistent and robust locomotor hyperactivity as well as social recognition impairment. The latter could not be explained by variations in the motivation to interact with a juvenile rat. Weak-to-moderate deficits in prepulse inhibition and reversal learning were also observed. Chronic treatment with clozapine attenuated the observed locomotor hyperactivity and social recognition deficits. CONCLUSION The PCP-SI model presents enduring and robust deficits (hyperactivity and social recognition impairment) associated with positive symptoms and cognitive/social deficits of schizophrenia, respectively. These deficits are normalized by chronic treatment with clozapine, thereby confirming the predictive validity of this animal model.
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Białoń M, Chocyk A, Majcher-Maślanka I, Żarnowska M, Michalski K, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Wąsik A. 1MeTIQ and olanzapine, despite their neurochemical impact, did not ameliorate performance in fear conditioning and social interaction tests in an MK-801 rat model of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:490-505. [PMID: 33403530 PMCID: PMC7994239 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 1MeTIQ on fear memory and social interaction in an MK-801-induced model of schizophrenia. The results obtained after administration of 1MeTIQ were compared with those obtained with olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats received a single injection of MK-801 to induce behavioral disorders. 1MeTIQ was given either acutely in a single dose or chronically for 7 consecutive days. Olanzapine was administered once. In groups receiving combined treatments, 1MeTIQ or olanzapine was administered 20 min before MK-801 injection. Contextual fear conditioning was used to assess disturbances in fear memory (FM), and the sociability of the rats was measured in the social interaction test (SIT). Biochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate monoamine levels in selected brain structures after treatment. Results Our results are focused mainly on data obtained from neurochemical studies, demonstrating that 1MeTIQ inhibited the MK-801-induced reduction in dopamine levels in the frontal cortex and increased the 5-HT concentration. The behavioral tests revealed that acute administration of MK-801 caused disturbances in both the FM and SIT tests, while neither 1MeTIQ nor olanzapine reversed these deficits. Conclusion 1MeTIQ, although pharmacologically effective (i.e., it reverses MK-801-induced changes in monoamine activity), did not influence MK-801-induced social and cognitive deficits. Thus, our FM tests and SIT did not support the main pharmacological hypotheses that focus on dopamine system stabilization and dopamine–serotonin system interactions as probable mechanisms for inhibiting the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Białoń
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Iwona Majcher-Maślanka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcelina Żarnowska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Michalski
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
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Mncube K, Möller M, Harvey BH. Post-weaning Social Isolated Flinders Sensitive Line Rats Display Bio-Behavioural Manifestations Resistant to Fluoxetine: A Model of Treatment-Resistant Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688150. [PMID: 34867504 PMCID: PMC8635751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) complicates the management of major depression (MD). The underlying biology of TRD involves interplay between genetic propensity and chronic and/or early life adversity. By combining a genetic animal model of MD and post-weaning social isolation rearing (SIR), we sought to produce an animal that displays more severe depressive- and social anxiety-like manifestations resistant to standard antidepressant treatment. Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) pups were social or isolation reared from weaning [postnatal day (PND) 21], receiving fluoxetine (FLX) from PND 63 (10 mg/kg × 14 days), and compared to Sprague Dawley (SD) controls. Depressive-, anxiety-like, and social behaviour were assessed from PND 72 in the forced swim test (FST) and social interaction test (SIT). Post-mortem cortico-hippocampal norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA), as well as plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), corticosterone (CORT), and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels were assayed. FSL rats displayed significant cortico-hippocampal monoamine disturbances, and depressive- and social anxiety-like behaviour, the latter two reversed by FLX. SIR-exposed FSL rats exhibited significant immobility in the FST and social impairment which were, respectively, worsened by or resistant to FLX. In SIR-exposed FSL rats, FLX significantly raised depleted NE and 5-HT, significantly decreased DBH and caused a large effect size increase in DA and decrease in CORT and TNF-α. Concluding, SIR-exposed FSL rats display depressive- and social anxiety-like symptoms that are resistant to, or worsened by, FLX, with reduced plasma DBH and suppressed cortico-hippocampal 5-HT, NE and DA, all variably altered by FLX. Exposure of a genetic animal model of MD to post-weaning SIR results in a more intractable depressive-like phenotype as well as changes in TRD-related biomarkers, that are resistant to traditional antidepressant treatment. Given the relative absence of validated animal models of TRD, these findings are especially promising and warrant study, especially further predictive validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulekani Mncube
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmaCen), Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmaCen), Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmaCen), Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sanathara N, Alhassen L, Marmouzi I, Khoudari M, Phan J, Alhassen W, Civelli O, Alachkar A. Oxytocin-MCH circuit regulates monosynaptic inputs to MCH neurons and modulates social recognition memory. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108423. [PMID: 33290754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin regulates social behaviors and has been linked to the etiology of autism and schizophrenia. Oxytocin and another hypothalamic neuropeptide, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), share several physiological actions such as emotion, social behavior and recognition, maternal care, sexual behavior and stress, which suggests that these two systems may interact, however, how they would do it is not known. Here, we study the interactions between the oxytocin and MCH systems in behaviors related to autism and schizophrenia. Specifically, we examined the synaptic inputs of the oxytocin-to the MCH neurons. We selectively deleted oxytocin receptors (OXTR) from MCH neurons (OXTR-cKO mice) using a Cre/loxP recombinase-technology, and used rabies-mediated circuit mapping technique to reveal the changes in the direct monosynaptic inputs to MCH neurons. We examined the behavioral responses of OXTR-cKO mice. Deletion of OXTR from MCH neurons induced a significant decrease in the primary inputs received by MCH neurons from the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus, and from the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. While OXTR-cKO mice exhibited similar social interactions as control mice, they displayed significantly impaired social recognition memory and increased stereotypic behavior. Our study identifies a selective role for the oxytocin-MCH pathway in social recognition memory and stereotyped behavior that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism, and warrant further investigation of this circuit to uncover potential benefit of targeting the oxytocin-MCH circuit as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of social recognition deficits in these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayna Sanathara
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lamees Alhassen
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ilias Marmouzi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mohammad Khoudari
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Joseph Phan
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Wedad Alhassen
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles improve behavioral and biochemical deficits in a phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:305. [PMID: 32873780 PMCID: PMC7463024 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a significant number of patients not adequately responding to treatment. Phencyclidine (PCP) is used as a validated model for schizophrenia, shown to reliably induce positive, negative and cognitive-like behaviors in rodents. It was previously shown in our lab that behavioral phenotypes of PCP-treated mice can be alleviated after intracranial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Here, we assessed the feasibility of intranasal delivery of MSCs-derived-extracellular vesicles (EVs) to alleviate schizophrenia-like behaviors in a PCP model of schizophrenia. As MSCs-derived EVs were already shown to concentrate at the site of lesion in the brain, we determined that in PCP induced injury the EVs migrate to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of treated mice, a most involved area of the brain in schizophrenia. We show that intranasal delivery of MSC-EVs improve social interaction and disruption in prepulse inhibition (PPI) seen in PCP-treated mice. In addition, immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that the EVs preserve the number of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in the PFC of treated mice. Finally, MSCs-EVs reduced glutamate levels in the CSF of PCP-treated mice, which might explain the reduction of toxicity. In conclusion, we show that MSCs-EVs improve the core schizophrenia-like behavior and biochemical markers of schizophrenia and might be used as a novel treatment for this incurable disorder.
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Mitchell EJ, Brett RR, Armstrong JD, Sillito RR, Pratt JA. Temporal dissociation of phencyclidine: Induced locomotor and social alterations in rats using an automated homecage monitoring system - implications for the 3Rs and preclinical drug discovery. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:709-715. [PMID: 32438848 PMCID: PMC7675779 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120920455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent behavioural assays are widely used to delineate the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Conventional behavioural paradigms are restricted to short time windows and involve transferring animals from the homecage to unfamiliar apparatus which induces stress. Additionally, factors including environmental perturbations, handling and the presence of an experimenter can impact behaviour and confound data interpretation. To improve welfare and reproducibility these issues must be resolved. Automated homecage monitoring offers a more ethologically relevant approach with reduced experimenter bias. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of an automated homecage system at detecting locomotor and social alterations induced by phencyclidine (PCP) in group-housed rats. PCP is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist commonly utilised to model aspects of schizophrenia. METHODS Rats housed in groups of three were implanted with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Each homecage was placed over a RFID reader baseplate for the automated monitoring of the social and locomotor activity of each individual rat. For all rats, we acquired homecage data for 24 h following administration of both saline and PCP (2.5 mg/kg). RESULTS PCP resulted in significantly increased distance travelled from 15 to 60 min post injection. Furthermore, PCP significantly enhanced time spent isolated from cage mates and this asociality occured from 60 to 105 min post treatment. CONCLUSIONS Unlike conventional assays, in-cage monitoring captures the temporal duration of drug effects on multiple behaviours in the same group of animals. This approach could benefit psychiatric preclinical drug discovery through improved welfare and increased between-laboratory replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Mitchell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK,Emma J Mitchell, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Ros R Brett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Douglas Armstrong
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Actual Analytics Ltd, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Potasiewicz A, Holuj M, Litwa E, Gzielo K, Socha L, Popik P, Nikiforuk A. Social dysfunction in the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia in male and female rats: Behavioural and biochemical studies. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kumar M, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Exploring the anti-stress effects of imatinib and tetrabenazine in cold-water immersion-induced acute stress in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1625-1634. [PMID: 32291496 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the ameliorative role of imatinib and tetrabenazine in acute stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in mice. Cold-water immersion (5 min duration) was employed to induce acute stress and the resulting changes in the locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, motor activity and social behaviour were assessed using the actophotometer, the hole board, the open field and the social interaction tests. The biochemical alterations were assessed by measuring the plasma corticosterone levels using ELISA kit. Cold-water immersion-induced acute stress diminished the locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, motor activity and social behaviour along with increase in the plasma corticosterone levels. Administration of imatinib (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly attenuated the cold-water immersion-induced behavioural alterations with normalization of the plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, administration of tetrabenazine (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.), a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, also abolished the acute stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. The beneficial effects of imatinib and tetrabenazine in normalizing acute stress-induced biochemical and behavioural changes make them promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute stress-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Lakhlifi M, Laprevote V, Schwan R, Schwitzer T. Free viewing exploration in schizophrenia: Review of evidence from laboratory settings to natural environment. Encephale 2020; 46:115-122. [PMID: 32057409 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated visual processing impairment in schizophrenia. The literature on visual exploration has described restricted scanning in schizophrenia patients. This gaze behavior is characterized by increased fixation duration, a reduced scan path length and avoidance of salient features of the face with emotional content. The aim of this paper is to give an insight on the latest update on scan path deficit. Abnormal gaze exploration was replicated in various visual stimuli. This review describes gaze patterns with stimuli that imply minimal to high cognitive process: figures, objects, faces, and scenes. Interestingly, schizophrenia patients have shown cognitive flexibility by modulating gaze scanning when they are involved in an active assignment. We will also consider scanning abnormalities in real-life environment and discuss the potential therapeutic use of eye tracking in schizophrenia. The therapeutic application of eye tracking in schizophrenia is a young emerging field in psychiatry research. The recent remediation program is based on the reorientation of visual attention on the salient features of faces. For now, this program has shown encouraging results. Further studies are needed to explore behavior in real-world situations to complement laboratory measurements to move toward a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying atypical scanning in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lakhlifi
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France.
| | - V Laprevote
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France; Inserm U1114, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, département de psychiatrie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Maison des addictions, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - R Schwan
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France; Inserm U1114, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, département de psychiatrie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Maison des addictions, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - T Schwitzer
- Pôle hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie d'adultes du Grand-Nancy, centre psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France; Inserm U1114, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg, département de psychiatrie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Maison des addictions, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
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Koszła O, Targowska-Duda KM, Kędzierska E, Kaczor AA. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Investigation of Potential Drugs Against Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010160. [PMID: 31963851 PMCID: PMC7022578 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, and is not satisfactorily treated by current antipsychotics. Progress in understanding the basic pathomechanism of the disease has been hampered by the lack of appropriate models. In order to develop modern drugs against SZ, efficient methods to study them in in vitro and in vivo models of this disease are required. In this review a short presentation of current hypotheses and concepts of SZ is followed by a description of current progress in the field of SZ experimental models. A critical discussion of advantages and limitations of in vitro models and pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental in vivo models for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of the disease is provided. In particular, this review concerns the important issue of how cellular and animal systems can help to meet the challenges of modeling the disease, which fully manifests only in humans, as experimental studies of SZ in humans are limited. Next, it is emphasized that novel clinical candidates should be evaluated in animal models for treatment-resistant SZ. In conclusion, the plurality of available in vitro and in vivo models is a consequence of the complex nature of SZ, and there are extensive possibilities for their integration. Future development of more efficient antipsychotics reflecting the pleiotropy of symptoms in SZ requires the incorporation of various models into one uniting model of the multifactorial disorder and use of this model for the evaluation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Langova V, Vales K, Horka P, Horacek J. The Role of Zebrafish and Laboratory Rodents in Schizophrenia Research. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:703. [PMID: 33101067 PMCID: PMC7500259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms, which are still not fully understood. The development of efficient antipsychotics requires animal models of a strong validity, therefore the aims of the article were to summarize the construct, face and predictive validity of schizophrenia models based on rodents and zebrafish, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and to propose future directions in schizophrenia modeling and indicate when it is reasonable to combine these models. The advantages of rodent models stem primarily from the high homology between rodent and human physiology, neurochemistry, brain morphology and circuitry. The advantages of zebrafish models stem in the high fecundity, fast development and transparency of the embryo. Disadvantages of both models originate in behavioral repertoires not allowing specific symptoms to be modeled, even when the models are combined. Especially modeling the verbal component of certain positive, negative and cognitive symptoms is currently impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Langova
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vales
- Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Horka
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
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Ricobaraza A, Mora-Jimenez L, Puerta E, Sanchez-Carpintero R, Mingorance A, Artieda J, Nicolas MJ, Besne G, Bunuales M, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Sola-Sevilla N, Valencia M, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. Epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in mice carrying a recurrent Dravet syndrome SCN1A missense mutation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14172. [PMID: 31578435 PMCID: PMC6775062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet Syndrome (DS) is an encephalopathy with epilepsy associated with multiple neuropsychiatric comorbidities. In up to 90% of cases, it is caused by functional happloinsufficiency of the SCN1A gene, which encodes the alpha subunit of a voltage-dependent sodium channel (Nav1.1). Preclinical development of new targeted therapies requires accessible animal models which recapitulate the disease at the genetic and clinical levels. Here we describe that a C57BL/6 J knock-in mouse strain carrying a heterozygous, clinically relevant SCN1A mutation (A1783V) presents a full spectrum of DS manifestations. This includes 70% mortality rate during the first 8 weeks of age, reduced threshold for heat-induced seizures (4.7 °C lower compared with control littermates), cognitive impairment, motor disturbances, anxiety, hyperactive behavior and defects in the interaction with the environment. In contrast, sociability was relatively preserved. Electrophysiological studies showed spontaneous interictal epileptiform discharges, which increased in a temperature-dependent manner. Seizures were multifocal, with different origins within and across individuals. They showed intra/inter-hemispheric propagation and often resulted in generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 18F-labelled flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed a global increase in glucose uptake in the brain of Scn1aWT/A1783V mice. We conclude that the Scn1aWT/A1783V model is a robust research platform for the evaluation of new therapies against DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ricobaraza
- University of Navarra, Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Lucia Mora-Jimenez
- University of Navarra, Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- University of Navarra, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocio Sanchez-Carpintero
- University Clinic of Navarra, Dravet Syndrome Unit, Pediatric Neurology Unit, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Julio Artieda
- University of Navarra, Neuroscience Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Neurophysiology Service, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Nicolas
- University of Navarra, Neuroscience Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Besne
- University of Navarra, Neuroscience Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Bunuales
- University of Navarra, Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuela Gonzalez-Aparicio
- University of Navarra, Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- University Clinic of Navarra, Dravet Syndrome Unit, Pediatric Neurology Unit, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Valencia
- University of Navarra, Neuroscience Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- University of Navarra, Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra institute for health research, Pamplona, Spain
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Osborne AL, Solowij N, Babic I, Lum JS, Huang XF, Newell KA, Weston-Green K. Cannabidiol improves behavioural and neurochemical deficits in adult female offspring of the maternal immune activation (poly I:C) model of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:574-587. [PMID: 31326506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major source of disability in schizophrenia and current antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have minimal efficacy for this symptom domain. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-intoxicating component of Cannabis sativa L., exhibits antipsychotic and neuroprotective properties. We recently reported the effects of CBD on cognition in male offspring of a maternal immune activation (polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C)) model relevant to the aetiology of schizophrenia; however, the effects of CBD treatment in females are unknown. Sex differences are observed in the onset of schizophrenia symptoms and response to APD treatment. Furthermore, the endogenous cannabinoid system, a direct target of CBD, is sexually dimorphic in humans and rodents. Therefore, the present work aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of CBD treatment on behaviour and neurochemical signalling markers in female poly I:C offspring. Time-mated pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16) were administered poly I:C (4 mg/kg; i.v.) or saline (control) on gestational day 15. From postnatal day 56, female offspring received CBD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle treatment for approximately 3 weeks. Following 2 weeks of CBD treatment, offspring underwent behavioural testing, including the novel object recognition, rewarded alternation T-maze and social interaction tests to assess recognition memory, working memory and sociability, respectively. After 3 weeks of CBD treatment, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC) were collected to assess effects on endocannabinoid, glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling markers. CBD attenuated poly I:C-induced deficits in recognition memory, social interaction and glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) binding in the PFC of poly I:C offspring. Working memory performance was similar between treatment groups. CBD also increased glutamate decarboxylase 67, the rate-limiting enzyme that converts glutamate to GABA, and parvalbumin protein levels in the HPC. In contrast to the CBD treatment effects observed in poly I:C offspring, CBD administration to control rats reduced social interaction, cannabinoid CB1 receptor and NMDAR binding density in the PFC, suggesting that CBD administration to healthy rats may have negative consequences on social behaviour and brain maturation in adulthood. Overall, the findings of this study support the therapeutic benefits of CBD on recognition memory and sociability in female poly I:C offspring, and provide insight into the neurochemical changes that may underlie the therapeutic benefits of CBD in the poly I:C model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh L Osborne
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Ilijana Babic
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Lum
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kelly A Newell
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- Neuropharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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Matveeva TM, Pisansky MT, Young A, Miller RF, Gewirtz JC. Sociality deficits in serine racemase knockout mice. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01383. [PMID: 31515952 PMCID: PMC6790321 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of schizophrenia have pointed to the role of glutamate in its pathophysiology. Mice lacking D-serine show impairments in neurotransmission through NMDA receptors and display behaviors consistent with features of schizophrenia. Yet, socio-communicative deficits, a characteristic of schizophrenia, have not been reported in serine racemase knockout mice. METHODS We use behavioral testing (the three-chambered social approach task, the dyadic interaction task, and the novel object recognition task) to examine socio-communicative behaviors in these mice. RESULTS Serine racemase mice show abnormal social investigation and approach behavior, and differ from wild-type controls in the duration and number of vocalizations they emit in the presence of a conspecific. Serine racemase knockout mice were not impaired in a cognitive test (novel object recognition), although they displayed abnormal behavior in the acquisition phase of the task. CONCLUSIONS Serine racemase knockout mice demonstrate abnormalities in socio-communicative behaviors consistent with an impairment in sociality, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana M Matveeva
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marc T Pisansky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert F Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jonathan C Gewirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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48
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Vawter MP, Schulmann A, Alhassen L, Alhassen W, Hamzeh AR, Sakr J, Pauluk L, Yoshimura R, Wang X, Dai Q, Sanathara N, Civelli O, Alachkar A. Melanin Concentrating Hormone Signaling Deficits in Schizophrenia: Association With Memory and Social Impairments and Abnormal Sensorimotor Gating. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 23:53-65. [PMID: 31563948 PMCID: PMC7442395 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from anatomical, pharmacological, and genetic studies supports a role for the neuropeptide melanin concentrating hormone system in modulating emotional and cognitive functions. Genome-wide association studies revealed a potential association between the melanin concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR1) gene locus and schizophrenia, and the largest genome-wide association study conducted to date shows a credible genome-wide association. METHODS We analyzed MCHR1 and pro-melanin concentrating hormone RNA-Seq expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Disruptions in the melanin concentrating hormone system were modeled in the mouse brain by germline deletion of MCHR1 and by conditional ablation of melanin concentrating hormone expressing neurons using a Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin system. RESULTS MCHR1 expression is decreased in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia samples (false discovery rate (FDR) P < .05, CommonMind and PsychEncode combined datasets, n = 901) while pro-melanin concentrating hormone is below the detection threshold. MCHR1 expression decreased with aging (P = 6.6E-57) in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The deletion of MCHR1 was found to lead to behavioral abnormalities mimicking schizophrenia-like phenotypes: hyperactivity, increased stereotypic and repetitive behavior, social impairment, impaired sensorimotor gating, and disrupted cognitive functions. Conditional ablation of pro-melanin concentrating hormone neurons increased repetitive behavior and produced a deficit in sensorimotor gating. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that early disruption of the melanin concentrating hormone system interferes with neurodevelopmental processes, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further neurobiological research on the developmental timing and circuits that are affected by melanin concentrating hormone may lead to a therapeutic target for early prevention of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA,Correspondence: Marquis P. Vawter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 (); and Dr Amal Alachkar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA ()
| | - Anton Schulmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Lamees Alhassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Wedad Alhassen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Abdul Rezzak Hamzeh
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
| | - Jasmine Sakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Lucas Pauluk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Ryan Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Nayna Sanathara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA,Correspondence: Marquis P. Vawter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 (); and Dr Amal Alachkar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA ()
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Sen MK, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR, Shortland PJ. Behavioural phenotypes in the cuprizone model of central nervous system demyelination. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:23-46. [PMID: 31442519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The feeding of cuprizone (CPZ) to animals has been extensively used to model the processes of demyelination and remyelination, with many papers adopting a narrative linked to demyelinating conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS), the aetiology of which is unknown. However, no current animal model faithfully replicates the myriad of symptoms seen in the clinical condition of MS. CPZ ingestion causes mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent apoptosis of oligodendrocytes leads to central nervous system demyelination and glial cell activation. Although there are a wide variety of behavioural tests available for characterizing the functional deficits in animal models of disease, including that of CPZ-induced deficits, they have focused on a narrow subset of outcomes such as motor performance, cognition, and anxiety. The literature has not been systematically reviewed in relation to these or other symptoms associated with clinical MS. This paper reviews these tests and makes recommendations as to which are the most important in order to better understand the role of this model in examining aspects of demyelinating diseases like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter J Shortland
- Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia.
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50
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Effect of propionic acid on the morphology of the amygdala in adolescent male rats and their behavior. Micron 2019; 125:102732. [PMID: 31437571 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a group of life-long developmental syndromes, characterized by stereotypic behavior, restricted, communication deficits, cognitive and social impairments. Autism spectrum disorder is heritable state, provided by the mutations of well-conserved genes; however, it has been increasingly accepted, that most of such states are the result of complex interaction between individual's genetic profile and the environment that he/she is exposed to. Gut microbiota plays one of the central roles in the etiology of autism. Propionic acid is one of the most abundant short-chain fatty acids, made by enteric bacteria. Propionic acid has many positive functions and acts as the main mediator between nutrition, gut microbiota and brain physiology. However, increased level of propionic acid is associated with various neurological pathologies, including autism. It is proposed that some types of autism might be partially related with alterations in propionic acid metabolism. The amygdala, the main component of social brain, via its large interconnections with fronto-limbic neural system, plays one of the key roles in social communications, emotional memory and emotional processing. Social behavior is a hot topic in autism research. As to anxiety, it is not the main characteristics of ASD, but represents one of the most common its co morbidities. Several theoretical reasons compatible with amygdala dysfunction have been suggested to account for socio-emotional disturbances in autism. In the present study, using adolescent male Wistar rats, the effect of acute administration of low dose of propionic acid on social behavior, anxiety-like behavior and the structure/ultrastructure of central nucleus of amygdale was described. In addition to qualitative analysis, on electron microscopic level the quantitative analysis of some parameters of synapses was performed. Behavior was assessed 2, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. The results revealed that even single and relatively low dose of propionic acid is sufficient to produce fast and relatively long lasting (48 h after treatment) decrease of social motivation, whereas asocial motivation and emotional sphere remain unaffected. Morphological analyses of propionic acid-treated brain revealed the reduced neuron number and the increase of the number of glial cells. Electron microscopically, in some neurons the signs of apoptosis and chromatolysis were detected. Glial alterations were more common. Particularly, the activation of astrocytes and microglia were often observed. Pericapillary glia was the most changed. Neuronal, glial and presynaptic mitochondria showed substantial structural diversities, mainly in terms of size and form. Total number of the area of presynaptic profile was significantly decreased. Some axons were moderately demyelinated. In general, the data indicate that even low dose of propionic acid produces in adolescent rodents immediate changes in social behavior, and structural/ultrastructural alterations in amygdala. Ultrastructural alterations may reflect moderate modifications in functional networks of social brain.
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