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Bogolepova AN. [Cognitive impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:69-74. [PMID: 38884432 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health disorder, with an incidence of up to 12.5% among primary care patients. Most often, PTSD is detected in combat veterans, victims of terrorist attacks and terror, but it can also be a consequence of traumatic brain injury and medical interventions. Impaired cognitive functioning is a key feature of PTSD, including attention deficits and reduced processing speed, executive dysfunction, and impairments in verbal learning and memory. Cognitive impairments in PTSD are significantly persistent and are largely similar in nature to neuropsychological impairments in neurodegenerative pathology. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying PTSD are the development of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and decreased production of neurotrophic factors. One of the promising areas of treatment is the use of Cerebrolysin, which has powerful neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Bogolepova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Li J, Cao Y, Xu J, Li J, Lv C, Gao Q, Zhang C, Jin C, Wang R, Jiao R, Zhu H. Vitamin D Improves Cognitive Impairment and Alleviates Ferroptosis via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Aging Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15315. [PMID: 37894993 PMCID: PMC10607218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mode of cell death associated with the occurrence and development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, there are no effective drugs available to prevent or treat these aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin D (VD) is an antioxidant and immunomodulator, but its relationship with ferroptosis in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases has not been extensively studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of VD in learning and memory in aging mice. To examine whether VD protects aging hippocampal neurons, we used physiologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. We established aging models in vivo (C57BL/6 mice) and in vitro (HT22 cells) using D-galactose (D-gal). The results demonstrated that VD could improve learning and memory in mice aged via the use of D-gal, and it reduced damage to hippocampal neurons. VD could regulate ferroptosis-related proteins (increasing GPX4 expression and decreasing ACSL4 and ALOX15 protein expression levels), increasing GSH levels, reducing MDA and intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, as well as total iron and Fe2+ levels, and improving mitochondrial morphology, thereby alleviating ferroptosis in aging hippocampal neurons. Additionally, VD activated the VDR/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. Notably, when the VDR was knocked down, VD lost its ability to activate Nrf2. Consequently, inhibiting Nrf2 decreased the protective effect of VD against ferroptosis in aged hippocampal neurons. In summary, VD activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through the VDR, effectively preventing ferroptosis induced by aging in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (J.X.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Q.G.); (C.Z.); (C.J.); (R.W.); (R.J.)
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Hosseini L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farajdokht F, Salehi-Pourmehr H, Pasokh A, Ziaee M, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Hosseini MJ, Mahmoudi J. Synergistic effects of combined therapy with cerebrolysin and enriched environment on anxiety-like behavior and spatial cognitive deficits in posttraumatic stress disorder-like mouse model. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:197-205. [PMID: 36853847 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs after exposure to stressful, fearful, or troubling events. Cerebrolysin (CBL), consists of low molecular weights neurotrophic factors and amino acids obtained from purified porcine brain proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effects of enriched environment (EE) and CBL alone or combined for reducing anxiety and cognitive deficits in PTSD-like mouse models. For this purpose, inescapable electric foot shocks were delivered to Balb/c mice for two consecutive days. Then mice were treated with CBL (2.5 mL/kg) and/or were kept in EE (2 h per day) or received their combination for 14 consecutive days. The hole-board test and Lashley III paradigm were used to assess anxiety and spatial learning and memory, respectively. Changes in the serum corticosterone level and expression of synaptic elements, including; growth-associated protein 43, post-synaptic density 95, and synaptophysin were assessed in the hippocampus. This model caused anxiety and spatial memory impairment associated with increased serum corticosterone levels and decreased synaptic elements. Nevertheless, CBL and/or combination treatment could reverse behavioral and molecular alterations. Our findings indicated that CBL, separately or in combination with EE, is effective in reducing anxiety and spatial memory impairment in PTSD-like mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz
| | | | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh
| | | | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Cao Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z, Jia H, Sun Y, Yuan H, Bian Y, Xu B, Fu J, Qin F. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate ameliorates learning and memory impairments in mice with premature brain aging induced by D-galactose. Physiol Behav 2023; 261:114077. [PMID: 36638877 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by learning and memory deficits are growing in prevalence due to population aging. Cellular oxidative stress is a common pathomechanism in multiple age-related disorders, and various antioxidants have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in patients or animal models. Many plants and plant extracts possess potent antioxidant activity, but the compounds responsible are frequently unknown. Identification and evaluation of these phytochemicals is necessary for optimal targeted therapy. A recent study identified theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG) as the most potent among a large series of phytochemical antioxidants. Here we examined if TFDG can mitigate learning and memory impairments in the D-galactose model of age-related neurodegeneration. Experimental mice were injected subcutaneously with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) for 56 days. In treatment groups, different doses of TFDG were administered daily by gavage starting on day 29 of D-galactose injection. Model mice exhibited poor learning and memory in the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests, reduced brain/body mass ratio, increased brain glutamate concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity, decreased brain acetylcholine concentration, and lower choline acetyltransferase, glutaminase, and glutamine synthetase activities. Activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also reduced, while the concentration of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, was elevated. Further, antioxidant genes Nrf2, Prx2, Gsh-px1, and Sod1 were downregulated in brain. Each one of these changes was dose-dependently reversed by TFDG. TFDG is an effective antioxidant response inducer and neuroprotectant that can restore normal neurotransmitter metabolism and ameliorate learning and memory dysfunction in the D-galactose model of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichou Cao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zehan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huining Jia
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yuanchen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Hongxia Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yongle Bian
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - BingJie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources of Shaanxi Province, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of biological resources and ecological environment (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fenju Qin
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Chen Y, Zhu XW, Lai WF, Liu YP, Xu XF, Liu LM, Chen YJ, Zhang CF, Wang GY, Cheng ZQ, Liu DZ. Gancao Nourishing-Yin decoction combined with methotrexate in treatment of aging CIA mice: a study based on DIA proteomic analysis. Chin Med 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36709303 PMCID: PMC9883815 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) population faces multiple treatment dilemma. Here we aim to investigate if Gancao Nourishing-Yin decoction (GCNY) added to methotrexate (MTX) exhibit better effects in an ERA mice model. METHODS ERA mice model was established by adding D-galactose (Dgal) to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. The model was then assigned into control group (CIA + Dgal), MTX treatment group (MTX), GCNY treatment group (GCNY), and integrative treatment group (MTX + GCNY). Pathological scoring was performed to evaluate the severity between the groups. Proteomic analysis was applied to investigate the secretory phenotype of the ERA mouse model and the underlying mechanism of GCNY, MTX and their combination. Representative cytokines related to proteomic results were further validated by ELISAs. RESULTS CIA + Dgal mice showed more aggressive joints damage than the CIA mice. Besides changes in the inflammatory pathway such as Pi3k-Akt signaling pathway in both model, differential expressed proteins (DEPs) indicated metabolism-related pathways were more obvious in CIA + Dgal mice. Low-dose MTX failed to show pathological improvement in CIA + Dgal mice, while GCNY improved joints damage significantly. Besides down-regulated inflammation-related targets, GCNY-regulated DEPs (such as Apoc1 ~ 3, Grk2 and Creb3l3) were broadly enriched in metabolism-related pathways. MTX + GCNY showed the best therapeutic effect, and the DEPs enriched in a variety of inflammatory,metabolism and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathway. Notably, MTX + GCNY treatment up-regulated Dhfr, Cbr1, Shmt1 involved in folic acid biosynthesis and anti-folate resistance pathways indicated a coincidence synergic action. ELISAs confirmed CPR and Akt that elevated in CIA + Dgal mice were significantly ameliorated by treatments, and adding on GCNY elevated folic acid levels and its regulator Dhfr. CONCLUSION Aging aggravated joints damage in CIA, which probably due to metabolic changes rather than more severe inflammation. GCNY showed significant effects in the ERA mice model especially when integrated with MTX to obtain a synergic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen People‘s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital to Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China ,grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People‘s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-wang Zhu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China ,Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yong-pu Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-feng Xu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-ming Liu
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen People‘s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital to Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-juan Chen
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen People‘s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital to Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan-fu Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462The Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-yi Wang
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891Guizhou Medical University affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Cheng
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen People‘s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital to Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-zhou Liu
- grid.440218.b0000 0004 1759 7210Shenzhen People‘s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University and the First Affiliated Hospital to Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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Akhtar A, Gupta SM, Dwivedi S, Kumar D, Shaikh MF, Negi A. Preclinical Models for Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47504-47517. [PMID: 36591205 PMCID: PMC9798399 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A robust preclinical disease model is a primary requirement to understand the underlying mechanisms, signaling pathways, and drug screening for human diseases. Although various preclinical models are available for several diseases, clinical models for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain underdeveloped and inaccurate. The pathophysiology of AD mainly includes the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Furthermore, neuroinflammation and free radical generation also contribute to AD. Currently, there is a wide gap in scientific approaches to preventing AD progression. Most of the available drugs are limited to symptomatic relief and improve deteriorating cognitive functions. To mimic the pathogenesis of human AD, animal models like 3XTg-AD and 5XFAD are the primarily used mice models in AD therapeutics. Animal models for AD include intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ), amyloid beta-induced, colchicine-induced, etc., focusing on parameters such as cognitive decline and dementia. Unfortunately, the translational rate of the potential drug candidates in clinical trials is poor due to limitations in imitating human AD pathology in animal models. Therefore, the available preclinical models possess a gap in AD modeling. This paper presents an outline that critically assesses the applicability and limitations of the current approaches in disease modeling for AD. Also, we attempted to provide key suggestions for the best-fit model to evaluate potential therapies, which might improve therapy translation from preclinical studies to patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansab Akhtar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shraddha M. Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shubham Dwivedi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, DIT University, Uttarakhand, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology
Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- E-mail:
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Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates aging-induced memory deficits via modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitophagy in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111950. [PMID: 36089173 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral effects and molecular signaling mechanisms of Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) in age-related memory impairment are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Q10 on memory impairment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy in aged rats. 40 aged (24 months old) and 10 young (3 months old) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups (n = 10/group): young + vehicle, aged + vehicle, and aged + Q10 (at 100, 200, 300 mg/kg/day doses). Treatments were administrated orally by gavage for 2 weeks. The novel object recognition test was used to assess episodic memory. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy-related protein expressions were measured in the hippocampus. We found that Q10 reversed aging-induced memory impairment at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Moreover, aging was associated with a reduction in ATP production, decrease in mitophagy-related proteins (PINK, Parkin, and P62 levels and LC3II/I ratio), excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in the hippocampus, which were partially reversed following oral administration of Q10. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of Q10 in aging-induced memory decline.
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8
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Metformin alleviates neurocognitive impairment in aging via activation of AMPK/BDNF/PI3K pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17084. [PMID: 36224264 PMCID: PMC9556637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Slowing down age-related neurocognitive impairment has been a challenge. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of metformin in D-galactose-induced aging. Additionally, we studied the potential molecular mechanisms that could be responsible for metformin's anti-aging effects. Thirty male rats were equally divided into: 1-control group, which received saline solution, 2-D-galactose (D-gal) group, which received D-galactose (100 mg/kg/day) by gastric lavage for eight weeks, and 3-D-galactose + Metformin (D-gal + Met) treated group, which received D-galactose + metformin (200 mg/kg/day) by gastric lavage for eight weeks. Neurocognitive assessment was done. Measurement of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and BDNF biomarkers was performed. AMPK and PI3K genes expression were assessed. Hippocampal tissues were dissected for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. D-gal resulted in neurocognitive impairments, elevation of inflammatory biomarkers, altered oxidative stress markers, decreased BDNF, decreased expression of synaptophysin and Bcl2 with increased expression of Caspase-3, and down-regulation of AMPK and PI3K genes. Neurodegenerative changes were present in the hippocampus. Metformin restored significantly D-gal induced neurodegenerative changes. We concluded that metformin could alleviate age-induced neurocognitive deficit via amelioration of neuroinflammation, attenuation of oxidative stress, reduction of apoptosis, as well as promotion of synaptic plasticity. These mechanisms could be mediated via the activation of the AMPK/BDNF/PI3K pathway.
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Rasi Marzabadi L, Fazljou SMB, Araj-Khodaei M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Naseri A, Talebi M. Saffron reduces some inflammation and oxidative stress markers in donepezil-treated mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's Disease patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-control trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Zhang Z, Yang B, Huang J, Li W, Yi P, Yi M, Peng W. Identification of the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on d-galactose-induced brain ageing in mice by the systematic characterization of a circular RNA-associated ceRNA network. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:347-366. [PMID: 33794121 PMCID: PMC8018556 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1893347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP), derived from Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute (Liliaceae), is known to be able to delay the ageing process. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of PSP treatment on brain ageing by the application of transcriptomic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, d-galactose, low-dose PSP, high-dose PSP). Mice were administered d-galactose (50 mg/kg, hypodermic injection) and PSP (200 or 400 mg/kg, intragastric administration) daily for 60 days. Behavioural responses were evaluated with the Morris water maze and the profiles of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA, in the brains of experimental mice were investigated during the ageing process with and without PSP treatment. RESULTS PSP improved cognitive function during brain ageing, as evidenced by a reduced escape latency time (p < 0.05) and an increase in the number of times mice crossed the platform (p < 0.05). A total of 37, 13, and 679, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, respectively, were significantly altered by PSP treatment (as evidenced by a fold change ≥2 and p < 0.05). These dysregulated RNAs were closely associated with synaptic activity. PSP regulated regulate nine mRNAs (Slc6a5, Bean1, Ace, Samd4, Olfr679, Olfr372, Dhrs9, Tsc1, Slc12a6), three miRNAs (mmu-miR-5110, mmu-miR-449a-5p, mmu-miR-1981-5p), and two circRNAs (2:29227578|29248878 and 5:106632925|106666845) in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that multiple circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs responded to PSP treatment in mice experiencing brain ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farajdokht F, Vatandoust SM, Ziaee M. Sericin Alleviates Thermal Stress Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Impairment Through Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Heat-Shock Protein-70 in the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2307-2316. [PMID: 34089443 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress (HS) has adverse effects on brain function, leading to anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment. Sericin is a silk derived protein with various neurobiological activities. The present study has investigated the effects of sericin on anxiety and cognitive impairments, in HS-received mice. The adult male mice were exposed to HS (43 ºC, 15 min once a day for 14 days) and simultaneously treated with 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg/day of sericin through oral gavage. Elevated plus-maze and Lashley III Maze tests were used to evaluate anxiety and learning and memory, respectively. The hippocampal BAX, BCL-2, caspase3, caspase9 and heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70) were evaluated by western blotting and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated by spectroscopy method. The serum was collected for the analysis of the corticosterone levels. Treatment with sericin in higher doses reversed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficit induced by HS. Moreover, heat exposure increased serum corticosterone, hippocampal MDA, apoptotic proteins and HSP-70 levels. Sericin administration decreased serum corticosterone and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant defense and attenuated apoptosis and HSP-70 levels. The results show that the protective effects of sericin against HS-mediated cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior is possibly through suppressing HSP-70, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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12
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Mahmoodzadeh Y, Mahmoudi J, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Mohtavinejad N, Namvaran A. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Noise Exposure-induced Oxidative Stress and Depressive- and Anxiety-like Behaviors in Adult Male Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:499-510. [PMID: 35154590 PMCID: PMC8817184 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders. These conditions widely occur in industrial societies and severely affect individuals’ lives. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of NAC on chronic noise-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Methods: Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, as follows: control, noise90 dB, noise110 dB, noise 90+NAC, and noise 110+NAC groups. Animals in the noise groups were exposed to 90 dB 2 h/day and 110 dB 2 h/day for 30 days. The NAC groups received NAC (325 mg/kg P.O.) 20 min after being exposed to noise. To evaluate depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, the examined mice were subjected to the Open Field Test (OFT), Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tasks. At the end of the behavioral tests, the study animals were sacrificed. Accordingly, the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the Hippocampus (HIP) and the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). Results: The obtained results suggested that noise exposure would induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, being reversed by NAC administration. Moreover, chronic administration of NAC significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA levels) in the PFC and HIP of noise-exposed mice. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that administrating NAC would reduce the adverse effects of noise on the brain and would exert anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavar Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Mohtavinejad
- Department of Radio Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Badalzadeh R, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Young plasma administration mitigates depression-like behaviours in chronic mild stress-exposed aged rats by attenuating apoptosis in prefrontal cortex. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1621-1630. [PMID: 34018261 DOI: 10.1113/ep089415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Young plasma contains several rejuvenating factors that exert beneficial effects in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases: can repeated transfusion of young plasma improve depressive behaviour in aged rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Following chronic transfusion of young plasma, depressive behaviour was improved in the depression model of aged rats, which was associated with reduced apoptosis process in the prefrontal cortex. ABSTRACT Brain ageing alters brain responses to stress, playing an essential role in the pathophysiology of late-life depression. Moreover, apoptotic activity is up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex in ageing and stress-related mood disorders. Considerable evidence suggests that factors in young blood could reverse age-related dysfunctions in organs, especially in the brain. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of young plasma administration on depressive behaviours in aged rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a focus on the apoptosis process. Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: young control (YC), aged control (AC), aged rats subjected to CUMS (A+CUMS) and aged rats subjected to CUMS and treated with young plasma (A+CUMS+YP). In the A+CUMS and A+CUMS+YP groups, CUMS was used to generate the depression rat model. Moreover, the A+CUMS+YP group received pooled plasma (1 ml, intravenously), collected from young rats, three times per week for 4 weeks. Young plasma administration significantly improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviours, including decreased sucrose consumption ratio, reduced locomotor activity and prolonged immobility time. Importantly, young plasma reduced neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex that was associated with reduced TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the A+CUMS+YP compared with the A+CUMS group. Young plasma can partially improve the neuropathology of late-life depression through the apoptotic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Pasteurized non-fermented cow's milk but not fermented milk is a promoter of mTORC1-driven aging and increased mortality. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101270. [PMID: 33571703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies in Sweden, a country with traditionally high milk consumption, revealed that the intake of non-fermented pasteurized milk increased all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the majority of epidemiological and clinical studies report beneficial health effects of fermented milk products, especially of yogurt. It is the intention of this review to delineate potential molecular aging mechanisms related to the intake of non-fermented milk versus yogurt on the basis of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Non-fermented pasteurized milk via its high bioavailability of insulinotropic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundance of lactose (glucosyl-galactose) and bioactive exosomal microRNAs (miRs) enhances mTORC1 signaling, which shortens lifespan and increases all-cause mortality. In contrast, fermentation-associated lactic acid bacteria metabolize BCAAs and degrade galactose and milk exosomes including their mTORC1-activating microRNAs. The Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of pasteurization and refrigeration of milk, restricted the action of beneficial milk-fermenting bacteria, which degrade milk's BCAAs, galactose and bioactive miRs that synergistically activate mTORC1. This unrecognized behavior change in humans after the Neolithic revolution increased aging-related over-activation of mTORC1 signaling in humans, who persistently consume large quantities of non-fermented pasteurized cow's milk, a potential risk factor for aging and all-cause mortality.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vast majority of type 1 diabetes leads to a higher prevalence of reproductive system's impairments. Troxerutin has attracted much attention owing to its favorable properties, including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. This investigation was proposed to evaluate whether pretreatment with troxerutin could prevent apoptosis-induced testicular disorders in prepubertal diabetic rats. METHODS Fifty prepubertal male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C), troxerutin (TX), diabetic (D), diabetic+troxerutin (DTX), and diabetic+insulin (DI). Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin applied intraperitoneally. In TX and DTX groups, 150 mg/kg troxerutin was administered by oral gavage. Diabetic rats in DI group received 2-4 U NPH insulin subcutaneously. Troxerutin and insulin treatments were begun immediately on the day of diabetes confirmation. After 30 days, the testicular lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, apoptosis process, and stereology as well as serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the blood glucose, the number of TUNEL positive cells and tubules, and the malondialdehyde level as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level compared to controls. The stereological analysis also revealed various alterations in diabetic rats compared to controls. Troxerutin treatment improved these alterations compared to the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Troxerutin-pretreatment may play an essential role in the management of the type-1 diabetes-induced testicular disorders by decreasing blood glucose and modulating apoptosis.
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16
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Chen S, Zhou H, Zhang G, Dong Q, Wang Z, Wang H, Hu N. Characterization, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruit. Food Chem 2021; 353:129435. [PMID: 33714113 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An anthocyanin-rich extract was obtained from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fruit, namely ANF, and its composition, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects were studied. Nine anthocyanins were identified from the ANF using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS analysis, and cyanidin-3-[2''-(6'''-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin (87.06%). ANF exhibited high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The online HPLC-DPPH screening revealed that C3G contributed the highest antioxidant capacity. ANF showed potential neuroprotective effects by relieving d-Galactose-induced memory deficits, reducing overexpression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and amyloid-beta42 (Aβ42) in the hippocampus of rats. Besides, ANF could inhibit oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, while elevating amounts of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of rats. Thus, ANF has great potential in the development of food and health products related to antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Gong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Qi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Honglun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China; Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, PR China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, PR China
| | - Na Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, PR China; Huzhou Plateau Biological Resource Centre of Innovation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huzhou 313000, PR China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining 810001, PR China.
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Seyedaghamiri F, Farajdokht F, Vatandoust SM, Mahmoudi J, Khabbaz A, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Sericin modulates learning and memory behaviors by tuning of antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus of aged mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1371-1382. [PMID: 33523373 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sericin is a protein derived from silkworm cocoons and identified as an anti-aging agent. This study aimed to examine the effects of sericin administration on episodic and avoidance memories, social interaction behavior, and molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice. Sericin was administered at 250 mg/kg/day (oral gavage) to 2-year-old BALB/c mice for a duration of 21 consecutive days. Lashley III Maze and Shuttle-Box tests were performed to assess episodic and avoidance memories, respectively. Subjects also underwent social interaction test to reveal any changes in their social behavior. Besides, markers of oxidative stress (TAC, SOD, GPx, and MDA) and neuroinflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) were measured in the hippocampus. The extent of apoptosis in the hippocampal tissue was further determined by TUNEL assay and histological assessment. The obtained results suggest that sericin promotes episodic and avoidance memories and social behaviors in aged mice. As of the molecular assay outcomes, it was noted that sericin regulates hippocampal inflammation by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, and by increasing the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Moreover, sericin suppressed oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant markers (TAC, SOD, and GPx) and inhibiting MDA. It was also identified that sericin can substantially suppress the apoptosis in the hippocampal tissue. Overall, sericin modulates memory and sociability behavior by tuning hippocampal antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614756, Tabriz, Iran.
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Cerebrolysin enhances the expression of the synaptogenic protein LRRTM4 in the hippocampus and improves learning and memory in senescent rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 31:491-499. [PMID: 31850962 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging reduces the efficiency of the organs and systems, including the cognitive functions. Brain aging is related to a decrease in the vascularity, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Cerebrolysin, a peptide and amino acid preparation, has been shown to improve the cognitive performance in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 protein exhibits a strong synaptogenic activity in the hippocampal synapses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cerebrolysin treatment on the learning and memory abilities, sensorimotor functions, and the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 protein expression in the brain of 15-month-old rats. Cerebrolysin (1076 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to Wistar rats intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. After the treatments, learning and memory were tested using the Barnes maze test, and the acoustic startle response, and its pre-pulse inhibition and habituation were measured. Finally, the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 expression was measured in the brainstem, striatum, and hippocampus using a Western-blot assay. The 15-month-old vehicle-treated rats showed impairments in the habituation of the acoustic startle response and in learning and memory when compared to 3-month-old rats. These impairments were attenuated by the subchronic cerebrolysin treatment. The leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 protein expression was lower in the old vehicle-treated rats than in the young rats; the cerebrolysin treatment attenuated that decrease in the old rats. The leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 protein was not expressed in striatum or brainstem. These results suggest that the subchronic cerebrolysin treatment enhances the learning and memory abilities in aging by increasing the expression of the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 4 protein in the hippocampus.
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Molecular Changes in Circulating microRNAs' Expression and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:57-70. [PMID: 33447019 PMCID: PMC7802783 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s285689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of miRNAs in tissue fluids significantly recommends its use as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the progression and pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in aged patients. OBJECTIVE The potential role of circulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MCI and its association with cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and circulated BDNF, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) were evaluated in older adults with MCI. METHODS A total of 150 subjects aged 65.4±3.7 years were recruited in this study. The participants were classified into two groups: healthy normal (n=80) and MCI (n=70). Real-time PCR analysis was performed to estimate the relative expression of miRNAs; miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b, and apoptotic-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the sera of MCI and control subjects. In addition, oxidative stress parameters; MDA, NO, SOD, and CAT; as well as plasma DPP4 activity, BDNF, SIRT1 levels were colorimetrically estimated. RESULTS The levels of miR-124a and miR-483-5p significantly increased and miR-142-3p and miR-125b significantly reduced in the serum of MCI patients compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs significantly correlated with severe cognitive decline, measured by MMSE, MoCA, ADL, and memory scores. The expression of Bax, and caspase-3 apoptotic inducing genes significantly increased and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. In addition, the plasma levels of MDA, NO, and DPP4 activity significantly increased, and the levels of SOD, CAT, BDNF, and SIRT1 significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs correlated positively with NO, MDA, DPP4 activity, BDNF, and SIRT-1, and negatively with the levels of CAT, SOD, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 genes. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b significantly associated with severe cognitive decline, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis in patients with MCI. Thus, it could be potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI with high diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Protective effects of Coreopsis tinctoria buds extract against cognitive impairment and brain aging induced by d-galactose. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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21
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Gavrilova SI, Alvarez A. Cerebrolysin in the therapy of mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: 30 years of clinical use. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2775-2803. [PMID: 32808294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder and a global health problem. The prevalence of AD is growing dramatically, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and will reach 131.5 million cases worldwide by 2050. Therefore, developing a disease-modifying therapy capable of delaying or even preventing the onset and progression of AD has become a world priority, and is an unmet need. The pathogenesis of AD, considered as the result of an imbalance between resilience and risk factors, begins many years before the typical clinical picture develops and involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Since the pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, it is not surprising that all attempts done to modify the disease course with drugs directed towards a single therapeutic target have been unsuccessful. Thus, combined modality therapy, using multiple drugs with a single mechanism of action or multi-target drugs, appears as the most promising strategy for both effective AD therapy and prevention. Cerebrolysin, acting as a multitarget peptidergic drug with a neurotrophic mode of action, exerts long-lasting therapeutic effects on AD that could reflect its potential utility for disease modification. Clinical trials demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is safe and efficacious in the treatment of AD, and may enhance and prolong the efficacy of cholinergic drugs, particularly in moderate to advanced AD patients. In this review, we summarize advances of therapeutic relevance in the pathogenesis and the biomarkers of AD, paying special attention to neurotrophic factors, and present results of preclinical and clinical investigations with Cerebrolysin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Gavrilova
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Cognitive Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Alvarez
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain.,Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain
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Sadigh-Eteghad S, Vatandoust SM, Mahmoudi J, Rahigh Aghsan S, Majdi A. Cotinine ameliorates memory and learning impairment in senescent mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:65-74. [PMID: 32818583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of cotinine on age-induced memory and learning impairment and related downstream pathways in mice. Thirty aged (18-month old) and 10 young mice (8-week old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10 each) and subjected to cotinine at 5 mg/kg dose and/or methyllycaconitine (MLA) at 1 mg/kg, i.p. dose (α7 nAChRs antagonist) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks were used to assess spatial and recognition learning and memories of the mice, respectively. Levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and structural synaptic plasticity, and also neurotrophic factors and α7 nAChRs were assessed in the hippocampus using either ELISA or Western blotting. Aging was associated with learning and memory disabilities and dysregulation of the assessed pathways in the hippocampus of mice. Chronic cotinine treatment improved learning and memory in aged animals, indicated by decreased latency time, and increased time spent in the target quadrant and discrimination index (DI) in the MWM and NOR tasks. Also, chronic cotinine injection increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC), SOD and GSH-px activity, PSD-95, GAP-43, SYN, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neural growth factor levels and decreased malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hippocampus of aged mice. Conversely, MLA treatment reversed most of the mentioned effects via the blockade of α7 nAChRs. Cotinine improves age-induced memory and learning impairment via its modulatory effects on α7 nAChRs and subsequent activation/deactivation of the mentioned pathways in the hippocampus of aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rahigh Aghsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Oyebode OT, Abolaji AO, Oluwadare JO, Adedara AO, Olorunsogo OO. Apigenin ameliorates D-galactose-induced lifespan shortening effects via antioxidative activity and inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Rahmani G, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G, Babri S, Ebrahimi V, Ebrahimi H. Garlic ( Allium sativum) improves anxiety- and depressive-related behaviors and brain oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:95-100. [PMID: 30169970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1494746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of garlic on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors and brain oxidative markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8/group): control, diabetic + saline, diabetic + garlic, diabetic + imipramine, and diabetic + diazepam groups. Animals received garlic homogenate (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 g/kg) for 10 days. At the end of the treatments, anxiety- and depressive-related behaviors were evaluated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the brain. Diabetic + garlic (0.5 g/kg) group showed lower anxiety- and- depressive-like behaviors as compared to the diabetic rats. Furthermore, garlic treatment (0.5 g/kg) attenuated MDA levels and enhanced SOD and GPx activities in the brain. Our findings indicate that garlic alleviates anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in the diabetic rats possibly by attenuation of brain oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Rahmani
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
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Prajit R, Sritawan N, Suwannakot K, Naewla S, Aranarochana A, Sirichoat A, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Chrysin Protects against Memory and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Depletion in D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041100. [PMID: 32316121 PMCID: PMC7230764 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interruption of hippocampal neurogenesis due to aging impairs memory. The accumulation of D-galactose (D-gal), a monosaccharide, induces brain aging by causing oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in neuronal cell damage and memory loss. Chrysin, an extracted flavonoid, has neuroprotective effects on memory. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chrysin on memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in brains aged using D-gal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either D-gal (50 mg/kg) by i.p. injection, chrysin (10 or 30 mg/kg) by oral gavage, or D-gal (50 mg/kg) and chrysin (10 or 30 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Memory was evaluated using novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated using Ki-67, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and doublecortin (DCX) immunofluorescence staining to determine cell proliferation, cell survival, and number of immature neurons, respectively. We found that D-gal administration resulted in memory impairment as measured by NOL and NOR tests and in depletions in cell proliferation, cell survival, and immature neurons. However, co-treatment with chrysin (10 or 30 mg/kg) attenuated these impairments. These results suggest that chrysin could potentially minimize memory and hippocampal neurogenesis depletions brought on by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prajit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Nataya Sritawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Kornrawee Suwannakot
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Salinee Naewla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Wanassanan Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.P.); (N.S.); (K.S.); (S.N.); (A.A.); (A.S.); (W.P.)
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-84-667-6105
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Ghazizadeh J, Hamedeyazdan S, Torbati M, Farajdokht F, Fakhari A, Mahmoudi J, Araj-Khodaei M, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Melissa officinalis L. hydro-alcoholic extract inhibits anxiety and depression through prevention of central oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:707-720. [PMID: 32003913 DOI: 10.1113/ep088254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does an extract of Melissa officinalis L. ameliorate anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour of mice? What is the main finding and its importance? An extract of Melissa officinalis L. possessed anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects, which could mainly be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis (HAEMO) on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in restraint stress-exposed mice. In order to induce a depression-like model, mice were subjected to restraint stress (3 h day-1 for 14 days) and received normal saline or HAEMO (50, 75 and 150 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 14 days. The administered doses of HAEMO were designated based on the concentration of one of the main phenolic compounds present in the extract, rosmarinic acid (2.55 mg kg-1 at lowest dose); other phytochemical analyses including assays for antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids were also carried out. The behavioural changes in an open field task, elevated plus maze, tail suspension and forced swimming tests were evaluated. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 in the brain as well as serum concentration of corticosterone were evaluated. HAEMO (75 and 150 mg kg-1 ) significantly reversed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours. Also, HAEMO reduced MDA levels, enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities and restored serum levels of corticosterone. An immunoblotting analysis also demonstrated that HAEMO decreased levels of pro-apoptotic markers and increased anti-apoptotic protein levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of restraint stress-exposed mice. Our findings suggested that HAEMO reduced inflammation and had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ghazizadeh
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hamedeyazdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fakhari
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Alzoubi KH, Al-Jamal FF, Mahasneh AF. Cerebrolysin prevents sleep deprivation induced memory impairment and oxidative stress. Physiol Behav 2020; 217:112823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alzoubi KH, Shatnawi AF, Al-Qudah MA, Alfaqih MA. Vitamin C attenuates memory loss induced by post-traumatic stress like behavior in a rat model. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112350. [PMID: 31711893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with neuronal damage in many brain regions including the hippocampus; an area in the brain responsible of memory processing. Oxidative stress is also linked with many psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is triggered by traumatic experience and many PTSD patients show signs of memory impairment. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties. Herein, we hypothesized that memory impairment observed during PTSD could be a result of oxidative stress in hippocampal tissues and that prophylactic vitamin C administration may reduce oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prevent memory impairment. The above hypothesis was tested in a rat model where PTSD-like behavior was induced through single prolonged stress (SPS). Short and long-term memory was tested using a radial arm water maze (RAWM). We found that SPS induced a significant increase in the oxidized glutathione levels of the hippocampus. This reduction was accompanied with a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzyme activity, and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. Intriguingly, vitamin C administration successfully attenuated memory impairment and all of the changes observed in oxidative stress markers. Our findings demonstrate that vitamin C could prevent oxidative stress and memory impairment induced by SPS model of PTSD-like behavior in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Alaa F Shatnawi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Qudah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Hosseini L, Farokhi-Sisakht F, Badalzadeh R, Khabbaz A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Melatonin Alleviate Aging-induced Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Apoptosis in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2019; 423:29-37. [PMID: 31678348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the fact that both melatonin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) act as pleiotropic agents in various age-related cognitive disorders, we aimed to investigate the effect of these compounds separately and together on the cognitive outcomes, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in aged rats. Forty old and ten young (24 and 3 months old, respectively) male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Young+Normal saline (NS), Aged+NS, Aged+Melatonin, Aged+NMN, and Aged+melatonin+NMN. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) and NMN (100 mg/kg) were administered, separately or in combination for 28 every other day in aged animals. The Barnes maze and novel object recognition test were used to assess spatial and episodic-like memories, respectively. Also, apoptosis and alterations in mitochondrial function including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels as well as mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) regions. Behavioral results revealed that NMN and melatonin separately or in combination, alleviate aging-induced memory impairment. Moreover, agents' co-administration declined mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell count both in PFC and HIP regions. The agents separately or in combination (more potent) could induce neuroprotective effect and improve learning and memory in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Vaghef L, Farajdokht F, Erfani M, Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Karimi P, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Seyedi Vafaee M, Mahmoudi J. Cerebrolysin attenuates ethanol-induced spatial memory impairments through inhibition of hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in rats. Alcohol 2019; 79:127-135. [PMID: 30981808 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential neuroprotective effect of cerebrolysin (CBL), a combination of neurotrophic factors, on the cognitive and biochemical alterations induced by chronic ethanol administration in rats. The animals were divided into five groups as follows: control; ethanol (4 g/kg, for 30 days) plus normal saline (Ethanol + NS); ethanol plus CBL 1 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 1), ethanol plus CBL 2.5 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 2.5); and ethanol plus CBL 5 mL/kg (Ethanol + CBL 5). The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess cognitive impairment. The status of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, antioxidant capacity, as well as alterations of the apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2, BAX, and cleaved caspase-9 and -3, were evaluated in the hippocampus. The results showed that CBL treatment not only normalized the increased MDA levels in the alcoholic rats and enhanced antioxidant defense, but also reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-9 and -3 in the hippocampus. These results were parallel with improvement in spatial memory performance in the MWM test. The findings of the present study provide evidence for the promising therapeutic effect of CBL in chronic ethanol consumption through counteracting oxidative stress and apoptosis markers.
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Baeta-Corral R, Castro-Fuentes R, Giménez-Llort L. Sexual Dimorphism in the Behavioral Responses and the Immunoendocrine Status in d-Galactose-Induced Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1147-1157. [PMID: 29471511 PMCID: PMC6093367 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost 20 years, chronic systemic d-galactose, a monosaccharide abundantly present in milk products, fruits, and vegetables, has been used as a tool to achieve models of accelerated aging. Its neurotoxicity, induced by abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, has been widely reported. However, behavioral outcomes are still controversial and little is known about sex-dependent vulnerability. We performed a comprehensive behavioral and multifunctional screening of the chronic effects of low (50 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) doses of d-galactose in 6-month-old male and female gold-standard C57BL/6 mice. Twelve classical tests with convergent validity analyzed sensorimotor, emotional and cognitive domains, indicating the existence of thresholds of response. Distinct vulnerability patterns were found in a selective sex- and dose-dependent manner. In males, d-galactose induced sensorimotor impairment and immunoendocrine senescence, but the low dose resulted in improved learning and memory. Oppositely, d-galactose-treated females exhibited a dose-dependent worse motor and spatial learning, but improved memory. Behavioral outcome items point at distinct neuronal substrates underlying the functional capacity of d-galactose-treated animals to meet task-dependent performance demands. They support that males and females can be regarded as two exceptional natural scenarios to study the functional interplay in the cross talk of homeostatic networks in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baeta-Corral
- Translational Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Castro-Fuentes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Section Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Translational Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Meynaghizadeh-Zargar R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mohaddes G, Salehpour F, Rasta SH. Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation and methylene blue on biochemical and behavioral profiles in mice stress model. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:573-584. [PMID: 31372913 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and methylene Blue (MB) in treating learning and memory impairments is previously reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of tPBM and MB in combination or alone on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Fifty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to five groups: control, laser sham + normal saline (NS), tPBM + NS, laser sham + MB, and tPBM + MB. All groups except the control underwent UCMS and were treated simultaneously for 4 weeks. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. Novel object recognition (NOR) test and Barnes maze tests were used to evaluate learning and memory function. The serum cortisol and brain nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Behavioral tests revealed that UCMS impaired learning and memory, and treatment with PBM, MB, and their combination reversed these impairments. Levels of NO, ROS, SOD activity in brain, and serum cortisol levels significantly increased while brain GPx activity and total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in the sham + NS animals when compared with the controls. A significant improvement was observed in treatment groups due to reversion of the aforementioned molecular analysis caused by UCMS when it was compared with control levels. Both tPBM and MB in combination or alone have significant therapeutic effects on learning and memory impairments in UCMS-received animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Meynaghizadeh-Zargar
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Banagozar Mohammadi A, Torbati M, Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Fazljou SMB, Vatandoust SM, Golzari SE, Mahmoudi J. Sericin alleviates restraint stress induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res 2019; 1715:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Geraniol in Mice: The Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.91593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Flores‐Vivaldo YM, Camacho‐Abrego I, Picazo O, Flores G. Pregnancies alters spine number in cortical and subcortical limbic brain regions of old rats. Synapse 2019; 73:e22100. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaredit Margarita Flores‐Vivaldo
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Israel Camacho‐Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
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Zhang X, Wu JZ, Lin ZX, Yuan QJ, Li YC, Liang JL, Zhan JYX, Xie YL, Su ZR, Liu YH. Ameliorative effect of supercritical fluid extract of Chrysanthemum indicum Linnén against D-galactose induced brain and liver injury in senescent mice via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:44-56. [PMID: 30610932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (C. indicum), a healthy food and folk medicine in China for thousands of years, has been reported to exert heat-clearing and detoxifying effects and extensively applied to treat various symptoms such as inflammation diseases, hepatitis and headache. AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract from flowers and buds of C. indicum (CISCFE) on D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage during aging process and to illuminate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally administrated with CISCFE (100, 150 and 300 mg/kg) after injection with D-galactose. 24 h after the last administration, the blood samples, whole brain and liver tissues were collected for biochemical analysis, histological examination and western blot analysis. The body weight, spleen and thymus indexes, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain and liver, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected. Besides, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blot assay. RESULTS The results indicated that CISCFE effectively increased the suppressed body weight, attenuated the decline of thymus and spleen indexes, and reduced the elevated levels of ALT and AST induced by D-gal. Furthermore, CISCFE might notably alleviate D-gal-induced abnormal alterations in structure and function of brain and liver dose-dependently via renewing normal antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px), reducing MDA accumulation, decreasing inflammatory cytokines productions (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), as well as attenuating the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 activation in the liver and brain. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our present results suggested that CISCFE treatment could effectively mitigate the D-gal-induced hepatic and cerebral injury, and the underlying mechanism might be tightly related to the decreased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, indicating CISCFE might be an alternative and promising agent for the treatment of aging and age-associated brain and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qiu-Ju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jia-Li Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Janis Ya-Xian Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - You-Liang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chen S, Zhou H, Zhang G, Meng J, Deng K, Zhou W, Wang H, Wang Z, Hu N, Suo Y. Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Ameliorated d-Galactose-Induced Memory Impairment, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Adult Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3140-3149. [PMID: 30813721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LR) is a perennial shrub commonly used as a nutritional food and medicine. Herein, we identified 12 anthocyanins from LR, with petunidin derivatives constituting approximately 97% of the total anthocyanin content. Furthermore, the potential mechanism of anthocyanins exerting neuroprotective effects in d-galactose (d-gal)-treated rats was explored. Behavioral results showed that anthocyanins relieved d-gal-induced memory disorder. Additionally, anthocyanins reduced receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and suppressed oxidative stress caused by d-gal. Anthocyanins suppressed microgliosis and astrocytosis and reduced the overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1-β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, anthocyanins lowered C-jun N-terminal kinase ( p-JNK), caspase-3 levels, and the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio. Thus, anthocyanins from LR attenuated memory disfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration caused by d-gal, possibly through the RAGE/NF-κB/JNK pathway, representing a promising, safe candidate for prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Kai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Xining , 810001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
| | - Na Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Xining , 810001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yourui Suo
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining , 810008 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Xining , 810001 , People's Republic of China
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Majdi A, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Gjedde A. Molecular Insights Into Memory-Enhancing Metabolites of Nicotine in Brain: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1002. [PMID: 30697142 PMCID: PMC6341027 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The alleged procognitive effects of nicotine and its metabolites in brain are controversial. Objective: Here, we review the pharmacologically active metabolites of nicotine in brain and their effects on neuronal mechanisms involving two main cognitive domains, i.e., learning and memory. Methods: We searched Embase, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for entries no later than May 2018, and restricted the search to articles about nicotine metabolites and cognitive behavior or cognitive mechanisms. Results: The initial search yielded 425 articles, of which 17 were eligible for inclusion after application of exclusion criteria. Of these, 13 were experimental, two were clinical, and two were conference papers. Conclusions: The results revealed three pharmacologically active biotransformations of nicotine in the brain, including cotinine, norcotinine, and nornicotine, among which cotinine and nornicotine both had a procognitive impact without adverse effects. The observed effect was significant only for cotinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Alzoubi KH, Al-Ibbini AM, Nuseir KQ. Prevention of memory impairment induced by post-traumatic stress disorder by cerebrolysin. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:430-437. [PMID: 30316170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur after exposure to stressful, fearful or troubling events. Until now, there is no curable medication for this disorder. Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide, which has an important role in the treatment of vascular dementia. In this study, the probable protective effect of cerebrolysin on PTSD-induced memory impairment was investigated. To induce PTSD, the single prolonged stress (SPS) model was used. Rats were allocated into four groups: control (vehicle-treated), CBL (administrated cerebrolysin 2.5 ml/kg by intraperitoneal route for 4 weeks), SPS (as a model of PTSD and administered vehicle), and CBL-SPS (exposed to SPS and administered cerebrolysin for 4 weeks). Learning and memory were assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Results showed that SPS impaired both short- and long- term memories; and chronic cerebrolysin administration prevented such effect. Cerebrolysin also prevented decreases in hippocampal GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratios, and increased GSSG and TBARs, levels induced by PTSD. In conclusion, a protective effect of cerebrolysin administration against SPS model of PTSD induced short- and long- term memory impairment was characterized. This protection could be accomplished, at least partly, by prevention of PTSD induced increase in oxidative stress in the hippocampus via the use of cerebrolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Alaa M Al-Ibbini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khawla Q Nuseir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Near-infrared photobiomodulation combined with coenzyme Q 10 for depression in a mouse model of restraint stress: reduction in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Brain Res Bull 2018; 144:213-222. [PMID: 30385146 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on depressive-like behavior, cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers in mice. To induce a depressive-like model, mice were subjected to sub-chronic restraint stress for 5 consecutive days. NIR PBM (810 nm laser, 33.3 J/cm2) and/or CoQ10 (500 mg/kg/day, gavage) were administered for five days concomitantly with immobilization. Behavior was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT). Mitochondrial membrane potential as well as oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and markers of apoptosis were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and corticosterone were also measured. PBM or CoQ10, or the combination, ameliorated depressive-like behaviors induced by restraint stress as indicated by decreased immobility time in both the FST and TST. PBM and/or CoQ10 treatments decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSH levels, GPx and SOD activities in both brain areas. The neuroinflammatory response in the HIP and PFC was suppressed, as indicated by decreased NF-kB, p38, and JNK levels in PBM and/or CoQ10 groups. Intrinsic apoptosis biomarkers, BAX, Bcl-2, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 and -9, were also significantly down-regulated by both treatments. Furthermore, both treatments decreased the elevated serum levels of cortisol, corticosterone, TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by restraint stress. Transcranial NIR PBM and CoQ10 therapies may be effective antidepressant strategies for the prevention of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms induced by stress.
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Sadigh-Eteghad S, Geranmayeh MH, Majdi A, Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Farhoudi M. Intranasal cerebrolysin improves cognitive function and structural synaptic plasticity in photothrombotic mouse model of medial prefrontal cortex ischemia. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:61-69. [PMID: 30054019 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) ischemia affects post-stroke cognitive outcomes. We aimed to investigate the effects of different doses and routes of cerebrolysin (CBL) on the structural synaptic plasticity and cognitive function after mPFC ischemia in mice. Thence, CBL (1, 2.5 ml/kg/i.p./daily) or (1 ml/kg/i.n./daily), were administrated in photothrombotic mouse model of mPFC ischemia for two weeks. Episodic and spatial memories were assessed by the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) and Barnes tasks. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin (SYN) levels were measured in the lesioned area using western blot analysis. Dendritic arbors, spine densities, and morphology were assessed via Golgi-Cox staining. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. and 1 ml/kg/i.n. doses attenuated mPFC ischemia-induced episodic and spatial memories impairment. Results showed an obvious increase in the GAP-43, PSD-95 and SYN levels and improvement in the structural synaptic indexes in lesioned area induced by the same doses and routes of CBL. In conclusion, we found that specific doses/routes of CBL have positive effects on the structural synaptic plasticity and cognitive outcomes after mPFC ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lee JY, Paik IY, Kim JY. Voluntary exercise reverses immune aging induced by oxidative stress in aging mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:148-154. [PMID: 30189231 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress leads to aging due to persistent damage to the cells, tissues, and the entire organism. Immunosenescence is also a devastating consequence of oxidative stress, but there is a lack of research on effective ways to overcome it. In this study, we used physiologic and immunological aging mouse models that had sustained oxidative stress to investigate whether voluntary exercise and/or antioxidant treatment could overcome oxidative damage as well as aging. We established an aging model induced by continuously administering d-galactose (d-gal) to 6-week-old female C57BL/6J mice. We also assessed reversal of immunosenescence by providing free-wheel running and vitamin E (vit E) supplementation to this aging model. As an aging index, the level of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the blood was measured. Phenotypes of T cells in the thymus and spleen were examined as an index of immunosenescence. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the mouse spleen and levels of AGEs in the blood were significantly higher after 6 weeks of d-gal administration. In addition, immunosenescence was observed, in which the naïve:effector cell ratio in the spleen decreased. After 4 weeks of free-wheel running and vit E administration, both intracellular ROS and serum AGE levels decreased. Above all, free-wheel running restored the naïve:effector ratio of cytotoxic T lymphocytes reduced by d-gal administration. Taken together, these results suggest that voluntary exercise may be effective in restoring immunosenescence induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Young Paik
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Majdi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Talebi M, Farajdokht F, Erfani M, Mahmoudi J, Gjedde A. Nicotine Modulates Cognitive Function in D-Galactose-Induced Senescence in Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:194. [PMID: 30061821 PMCID: PMC6055060 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we tested the claim that nicotine attenuates the signs of brain dysfunction in the model of brain aging induced by D-galactose (DGal) in mice. We administered nicotine at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg by the subcutaneous (s.c.) or at 0.1 mg/kg by the intranasal (i.n.) routes in mice that had received DGal at the dose of 500 mg/kg subcutaneous (s.c.) for 6 weeks. We assessed animal withdrawal signs as the number of presented somatic signs, thermal hyperalgesia, elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field tests. We evaluated spatial memory and recognition with Barnes maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. We tested brain tissue for reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor levels. Nicotine administration in model groups (0.5 mg/kg s.c. and 0.1 mg/kg i.n. doses) significantly attenuated impairment of spatial and episodic memories in comparison to normal saline-received model group. These doses also reduced mito-oxidative damage as well as apoptosis and raised neurotrophic factors level in model groups in comparison to normal saline-received model group. The 1 mg/kg s.c. dose nicotine revealed withdrawal signs compared with the other nicotine-received groups. Nicotine at specific doses and routes has the potential to attenuate age-related cognitive impairment, mito-oxidative damage, and apoptosis. The doses raise neurotrophic factors without producing withdrawal signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Departments of Clinical Research and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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44
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Mahmoudi J, Mohaddes G, Erfani M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Karimi P, Rajabi M, Reyhani-Rad S, Farajdokht F. Cerebrolysin attenuates hyperalgesia, photophobia, and neuroinflammation in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Fatemi I, Heydari S, Kaeidi A, Shamsizadeh A, Hakimizadeh E, Khaluoi A, Allahtavakoli M. Metformin ameliorates the age-related changes of d
-galactose administration in ovariectomized mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Fatemi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Sara Heydari
- Student Research Committee; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Amin Khaluoi
- Student Research Committee; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan 7717684884 Iran
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
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Salehpour F, Farajdokht F, Erfani M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Shotorbani SS, Hamblin MR, Karimi P, Rasta SH, Mahmoudi J. Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation attenuates memory impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress in sleep-deprived mice. Brain Res 2018; 1682:36-43. [PMID: 29307593 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) causes oxidative stress in the hippocampus and subsequent memory impairment. In this study, the effect of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) on learning and memory impairment induced by acute SD was investigated. The mice were subjected to an acute SD protocol for 72 h. Simultaneously, NIR PBM using a laser at 810 nm was delivered (once a day for 3 days) transcranially to the head to affect the entire brain of mice. The Barnes maze and the What-Where-Which task were used to assess spatial and episodic-like memories. The hippocampal levels of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. The results showed that NIR PBM prevented cognitive impairment induced by SD. Moreover, NIR PBM therapy enhanced the antioxidant status and increased mitochondrial activity in the hippocampus of SD mice. Our findings revealed that hippocampus-related mitochondrial damage and extensive oxidative stress contribute to the occurrence of memory impairment. In contrast, NIR PBM reduced hippocampal oxidative damage, supporting the ability of 810 nm laser light to improve the antioxidant defense system and maintain mitochondrial survival. This confirms that non-invasive transcranial NIR PBM therapy ameliorates hippocampal dysfunction, which is reflected in enhanced memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Higher Academic Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lian W, Jia H, Xu L, Zhou W, Kang D, Liu A, Du G. Multi-Protection of DL0410 in Ameliorating Cognitive Defects in D-Galactose Induced Aging Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:409. [PMID: 29276489 PMCID: PMC5727065 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
D-galactose has been reported to accelerate senescence in rodents, accompanied by a decline in learning and memory. We used a model of D-galactose-induced amnesia for the efficacy evaluation and pharmacologic studies of active compounds against Alzheimer's disease (AD). DL0410 is a potent inhibitor against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, in the present study, the effect of DL0410 was evaluated in this model. We found that DL0410 could significantly improve the learning and memory of D-galactose induced aging mice in a series of behavioral tests: novel-object recognition test, nest-building test, Morris water maze test and step-through test. Pharmacologic studies were conducted from several aspects: the cholinergic system, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and synaptic loss. The acetylcholine level and AChE activity were not altered by D-galactose but were slightly affected by DL0410 in the brain. DL0410 could significantly improve decreased mitochondrial respiration in the NADH chain and FADH2 chain, and protect mitochondrial ultrastructure. DL0410 reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the total antioxidant capability of the brain via an increase in activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). RAGE expression was inhibited by DL0410, followed by the decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia. Subsequent phosphorylation of NF-κB was also reversed by DL0410, with lower expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and iNOS. With respect to apoptosis, the activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP were downregulated significantly by DL0410, after the inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK induced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Synaptic protection by DL0410 was also demonstrated. These data suggest that mitochondrial protection has a primary role in the ameliorating effect of DL0410 on the impaired learning and memory, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and synaptic loss induced by D-galactose. DL0410 is a promising candidate for the treatment of aging-related AD, and this study lays an important foundation for its further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lvjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - De Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Revisiting nicotine’s role in the ageing brain and cognitive impairment. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:767-781. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBrain ageing is a complex process which in its pathologic form is associated with learning and memory dysfunction or cognitive impairment. During ageing, changes in cholinergic innervations and reduced acetylcholinergic tonus may trigger a series of molecular pathways participating in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, amyloid-β toxicity, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and perturb neurotrophic factors in the brain. Nicotine is an exogenous agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acts as a pharmacological chaperone in the regulation of nAChR expression, potentially intervening in age-related changes in diverse molecular pathways leading to pathology. Although nicotine has therapeutic potential, paradoxical effects have been reported, possibly due to its inverted U-shape dose-response effects or pharmacokinetic factors. Additionally, nicotine administration should result in optimum therapeutic effects without imparting abuse potential or toxicity. Overall, this review aims to compile the previous and most recent data on nicotine and its effects on cognition-related mechanisms and age-related cognitive impairment.
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50
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Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, McCann SK, Mahmoudi J, Vafaee MS, Macleod MR. D-galactose-induced brain ageing model: A systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive outcomes and oxidative stress indices. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184122. [PMID: 28854284 PMCID: PMC5576729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are commonly used in brain ageing research. Amongst these, models where rodents are exposed to d-galactose are held to recapitulate a number of features of ageing including neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes. However, results from animal studies are often inconsistent. To better understand the characteristics of the model and effects of d-galactose on neurobehavioral and neurochemical outcomes in rodents we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of study features. Our results give an overview of the characteristics of the d-galactose rodent ageing model, including neurobehavioral and neurochemical outcomes. We found that few studies took measures to reduce risks of bias, and substantial heterogeneity in the reported effects of d-galactose in included studies. This highlights the need for improvements in the use of the d-galactose rodent ageing model if it is to provide useful in the development of drugs to treat human ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah K. McCann
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr S. Vafaee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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