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Zhang Q, Chen J, Lin J, Liang R, He M, Wang Y, Tan H. Porous Three-Dimensional Polyurethane Scaffolds Promote Scar-Free Endogenous Regeneration After Acute Brain Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01212-x. [PMID: 37995088 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the clinical treatment of ICH, limited progress has been made regarding endogenous brain regeneration after ICH. Failure of brain regeneration is mainly attributed to the inhibitive regenerative microenvironment caused by secondary injury after ICH. In this study, we investigated a three-dimensional biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) scaffold as a tool to promote brain regeneration after ICH. After implantation into the cavity following hematoma evacuation, these implanted scaffolds could act as a reservoir; store a series of necrotic debris, cytokines, and chemokines; and attract microglia/macrophages to their pores. Subsequently, these microglia/macrophages were polarized into the M1-like subtype to eliminate these substances. This process disperses M1-like immune cells and prevents the formation of dense glial scar-free structures after ICH. Inflammatory cells in scaffolds include scar-free secreted growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and further induce a M2-like immune cells enriched regeneration-predominant microenvironment to promote endogenous brain regeneration with functional recovery. In summary, in this work, we have revealed the potential and mechanism of the BWPU scaffold as a tool to promote endogenous brain tissue regeneration after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X Center of Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X Center of Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X Center of Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zhang L, Yang Q, Yuan R, Li M, Lv M, Zhang L, Xie X, Liang W, Chen X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic mapping of blast-induced traumatic brain injury in mice hippocampus. Sci Data 2023; 10:638. [PMID: 37730716 PMCID: PMC10511629 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a significant type of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) frequently results in severe neurological and psychological impairments. Due to its unique mechanistic and clinical features, bTBI presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges compared to other TBI forms. The hippocampus, an important site for secondary injury of bTBI, serves as a key niche for neural regeneration and repair post-injury, and is closely associated with the neurological outcomes of bTBI patients. Nonetheless, the pathophysiological alterations of hippocampus underpinning bTBI remain enigmatic, and a corresponding transcriptomic dataset for research reference is yet to be established. In this investigation, the single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technique was employed to sequence individual hippocampal nuclei of mice from bTBI and sham group. Upon stringent quality control, gene expression data from 17,278 nuclei were obtained, with the dataset's reliability substantiated through various analytical methods. This dataset holds considerable potential for exploring secondary hippocampal injury and neurogenesis mechanisms following bTBI, with important reference value for the identification of specific diagnostic and therapeutic targets for bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiuyun Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruixuan Yuan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meili Lv
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Musaelyan K, Horowitz MA, McHugh S, Szele FG. Fluoxetine Can Cause Epileptogenesis and Aberrant Neurogenesis in Male Wild-Type Mice. Dev Neurosci 2023; 46:158-166. [PMID: 37302394 DOI: 10.1159/000531478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants in general, and fluoxetine in particular, increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in mice. Here we asked how the antidepressant fluoxetine affects behavior and AHN in a corticosterone model of depression. In three groups of adult male C57BL/6j mice, we administered either vehicle (VEH), corticosterone (CORT) treatment to induce a depression-like state, or corticosterone plus a standard dose of fluoxetine (CORT+FLX). Following treatment, mice performed the open field test, the novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test, and the splash test. Neurogenesis was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry using BrdU and neuronal maturation markers. Unexpectedly, 42% of the CORT+FLX-treated mice exhibited severe weight loss, seizures, and sudden death. As expected, the CORT-treated group had altered behaviors compared to the VEH group, but the CORT+FLX mice that survived did not show any behavioral improvement compared to the CORT group. Antidepressants generally increase neurogenesis and here we also found that compared to CORT mice, CORT+FLX mice that survived had a significantly greater density of BrdU+, BrdU+DCX+, and BrdU+NeuN+ cells, suggesting increased neurogenesis. Moreover, the density of BrdU+NeuN+ cells was increased in an aberrant location, the hilus, of CORT+FLX mice, similar to previous studies describing aberrant neurogenesis following seizures. In conclusion, fluoxetine could induce considerable adverse effects in wild-type mice, including seizure-like activity. Fluoxetine-induced neurogenesis increases could be related to this activity; therefore, proneurogenic effects of fluoxetine and other antidepressants, especially in the absence of any behavioral therapeutic effects, should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark A Horowitz
- Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen McHugh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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5
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Zhang Q, Shi R, Hao M, Feng D, Wu R, Shi M. NDRG2 regulates the formation of reactive astrocyte-derived progenitor cells via Notch signaling pathway after brain traumatic injury in rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1149683. [PMID: 37082656 PMCID: PMC10112515 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1149683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to traumatic brain injury, a subpopulation of cortical astrocytes is activated, resulting in acquisition of stem cell properties, known as reactive astrocytes-derived progenitor cells (Rad-PCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown during this process. In this study, we examined the role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a differentiation- and stress-associated molecule, in Rad-PCs after cortical stab injury in adult rats. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that in the cerebral cortex of normal adult rats, NDRG2 was exclusively expressed in astrocytes. After liu cortical injury, the expression of NDRG2 was significantly elevated around the wound and most cells expressing NDRG2 also expressed GFAP, a reactive astrocyte marker. Importantly, NDRG2-expressing cells were co-labeled with Nestin, a marker for neural stem cells, some of which also expressed cell proliferation marker Ki67. Overexpression of NDRG2 further increased the number of NDRG2/Nestin double-labeling cells around the lesion. In contrast, shRNA knockdown of NDRG2 decreased the number of NDRG2+/Nestin+ cells. Intracerebroventricular administration of stab-injured rats with a Notch antagonist, DAPT, led to a significant decrease in Nestin+/NDRG2+ cells around the injured boundary, but did not affect NDRG2+ cells. Moreover, overexpression or knockdown of NDRG2 led to up- and down-regulation of the expression of Notch intracellular domain NICD and Notch target gene Hes1, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that NDRG2 may play a role in controlling the formation of Rad-PCs in the cerebral cortex of adult rats following traumatic injury, and that Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Meishan Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghua Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Armed Police General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Shi,
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6
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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrascal L, Pérez-García P, Oliva-Montero JM, Pardillo-Díaz R, Domínguez-García S, Bernal-Utrera C, Gómez-Oliva R, Martínez-Ortega S, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Migratory Response of Cells in Neurogenic Niches to Neuronal Death: The Onset of Harmonic Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076587. [PMID: 37047560 PMCID: PMC10095545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic mechanisms orchestrate neurogenesis in the healthy brain within specific neurogenic niches, which generate neurons from neural stem cells as a homeostatic mechanism. These newly generated neurons integrate into existing neuronal circuits to participate in different brain tasks. Despite the mechanisms that protect the mammalian brain, this organ is susceptible to many different types of damage that result in the loss of neuronal tissue and therefore in alterations in the functionality of the affected regions. Nevertheless, the mammalian brain has developed mechanisms to respond to these injuries, potentiating its capacity to generate new neurons from neural stem cells and altering the homeostatic processes that occur in neurogenic niches. These alterations may lead to the generation of new neurons within the damaged brain regions. Notwithstanding, the activation of these repair mechanisms, regeneration of neuronal tissue within brain injuries does not naturally occur. In this review, we discuss how the different neurogenic niches respond to different types of brain injuries, focusing on the capacity of the progenitors generated in these niches to migrate to the injured regions and activate repair mechanisms. We conclude that the search for pharmacological drugs that stimulate the migration of newly generated neurons to brain injuries may result in the development of therapies to repair the damaged brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Bernal-Utrera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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7
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Nanotechnology for Manipulating Cell Plasticity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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8
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Rauchman SH, Zubair A, Jacob B, Rauchman D, Pinkhasov A, Placantonakis DG, Reiss AB. Traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, manifestations, and visual sequelae. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1090672. [PMID: 36908792 PMCID: PMC9995859 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1090672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when external physical forces impact the head with sufficient intensity to cause damage to the brain. TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe and may have long-term consequences including visual difficulties, cognitive deficits, headache, pain, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic epilepsy. Disruption of the normal functioning of the brain leads to a cascade of effects with molecular and anatomical changes, persistent neuronal hyperexcitation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Destructive processes that occur at the cellular and molecular level lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and apoptosis. Vascular damage, ischemia and loss of blood brain barrier integrity contribute to destruction of brain tissue. This review focuses on the cellular damage incited during TBI and the frequently life-altering lasting effects of this destruction on vision, cognition, balance, and sleep. The wide range of visual complaints associated with TBI are addressed and repair processes where there is potential for intervention and neuronal preservation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarij Zubair
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Benna Jacob
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Rauchman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | | | - Allison B Reiss
- NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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9
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Wang LC, Wei WY, Ho PC. Short-Term Cortical Electrical Stimulation during the Acute Stage of Traumatic Brain Injury Improves Functional Recovery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081965. [PMID: 36009512 PMCID: PMC9405844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional restoration is an important issue in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Various electrical stimulation devices and protocols have been applied in preclinical studies and have shown therapeutic potential for brain trauma. Short-term invasive cortical electrical stimulation during the acute stage of TBI might be a feasible adjuvant therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe brain injury receiving neurosurgical treatment in the intensive care unit. However, the therapeutic effects of short-term multisession cortical electrical stimulation for brain trauma are not clear. This study explored the therapeutic effects of acute-stage short-term cortical electrical stimulation on TBI. We conducted seven sessions of one-hour cortical electrical stimulation from day 0 to day 6 in rats after brain trauma by controlled cortical impact and then evaluated the functional outcome and histopathological changes. Our data showed that short-term cortical electrical stimulation improved motor coordination, short-term memory, and learning ability and attenuated neurological severity after brain trauma. Lesion volume, apoptosis, and gliosis after brain trauma were reduced, and trauma-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus for the innate neural reparative response was increased. Our study demonstrated that short-term cortical electrical stimulation applied in the acute stage of traumatic brain injury is a potential adjuvant therapy to improve the recovery of neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5284)
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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10
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Wang Y, Jia W, Zhu J, Xu R, Lin Y. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote cognitive impairment recovery post traumatic brain injury. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Adugna DG, Aragie H, Kibret AA, Belay DG. Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Cloning 2022; 15:53-61. [PMID: 35859889 PMCID: PMC9289752 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s369577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout the world, which is characterized by a disruption of the normal physiology of the brain following trauma. It can potentially cause severe complications such as physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, this review explains the therapeutic potential of stem cells following brain injury in two pathways: response of endogenous neurogenic cells and transplantation of exogenous stem cell therapy. After traumatic brain injuries, clinical evidence indicated that endogenous neural progenitor cells might play an important role in regenerative medicine to treat brain injury. This is due to an increased neurogenic regeneration ability of these cells following brain injury. Besides, exogenous stem cell transplantation has also accelerated immature neuronal development and increased endogenous cellular proliferation in the damaged brain region. Therefore, a better understanding of the endogenous neural stem cell’s regenerative ability and the effect of exogenous stem cells on proliferation and differentiation ability may help researchers to understand how to increase functional recovery and tissue repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institution of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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12
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Nanotechnology for Manipulating Cell Plasticity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_21-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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13
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Cortes D, Pera MF. The genetic basis of inter-individual variation in recovery from traumatic brain injury. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:5. [PMID: 33479258 PMCID: PMC7820607 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death among young people, and is increasingly prevalent in the aging population. Survivors of TBI face a spectrum of outcomes from short-term non-incapacitating injuries to long-lasting serious and deteriorating sequelae. TBI is a highly complex condition to treat; many variables can account for the observed heterogeneity in patient outcome. The limited success of neuroprotection strategies in the clinic has led to a new emphasis on neurorestorative approaches. In TBI, it is well recognized clinically that patients with similar lesions, age, and health status often display differences in recovery of function after injury. Despite this heterogeneity of outcomes in TBI, restorative treatment has remained generic. There is now a new emphasis on developing a personalized medicine approach in TBI, and this will require an improved understanding of how genetics impacts on long-term outcomes. Studies in animal model systems indicate clearly that the genetic background plays a role in determining the extent of recovery following an insult. A candidate gene approach in human studies has led to the identification of factors that can influence recovery. Here we review studies of the genetic basis for individual differences in functional recovery in the CNS in animals and man. The application of in vitro modeling with human cells and organoid cultures, along with whole-organism studies, will help to identify genes and networks that account for individual variation in recovery from brain injury, and will point the way towards the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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14
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Clark LR, Yun S, Acquah NK, Kumar PL, Metheny HE, Paixao RCC, Cohen AS, Eisch AJ. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Transient, Sequential Increases in Proliferation, Neuroblasts/Immature Neurons, and Cell Survival: A Time Course Study in the Male Mouse Dentate Gyrus. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:612749. [PMID: 33488351 PMCID: PMC7817782 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.612749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are prevalent worldwide. mTBIs can impair hippocampal-based functions such as memory and cause network hyperexcitability of the dentate gyrus (DG), a key entry point to hippocampal circuitry. One candidate for mediating mTBI-induced hippocampal cognitive and physiological dysfunction is injury-induced changes in the process of DG neurogenesis. There are conflicting results on how TBI impacts the process of DG neurogenesis; this is not surprising given that both the neurogenesis process and the post-injury period are dynamic, and that the quantification of neurogenesis varies widely in the literature. Even within the minority of TBI studies focusing specifically on mild injuries, there is disagreement about if and how mTBI changes the process of DG neurogenesis. Here we utilized a clinically relevant rodent model of mTBI (lateral fluid percussion injury, LFPI), gold-standard markers and quantification of the neurogenesis process, and three time points post-injury to generate a comprehensive picture of how mTBI affects adult hippocampal DG neurogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks old) received either sham surgery or mTBI via LFPI. Proliferating cells, neuroblasts/immature neurons, and surviving cells were quantified via stereology in DG subregions (subgranular zone [SGZ], outer granule cell layer [oGCL], molecular layer, and hilus) at short-term (3 days post-injury, dpi), intermediate (7 dpi), and long-term (31 dpi) time points. The data show this model of mTBI induces transient, sequential increases in ipsilateral SGZ/GCL proliferating cells, neuroblasts/immature neurons, and surviving cells which is suggestive of mTBI-induced neurogenesis. In contrast to these ipsilateral hemisphere findings, measures in the contralateral hemisphere were not increased in key neurogenic DG subregions after LFPI. Our work in this mTBI model is in line with most literature on other and more severe models of TBI in showing TBI stimulates the process of DG neurogenesis. However, as our DG data in mTBI provide temporal, subregional, and neurogenesis-stage resolution, these data are important to consider in regard to the functional importance of TBI-induction of the neurogenesis process and future work assessing the potential of replacing and/or repairing DG neurons in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyles R. Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanghee Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nana K. Acquah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biological Basis of Behavior Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Priya L. Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biomechanical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah E. Metheny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rikley C. C. Paixao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akivas S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Jinnou H. Regeneration using endogenous neural stem cells following neonatal brain injury. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:13-21. [PMID: 32609915 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in perinatal care, the incidence of neonatal brain injury has not decreased. No therapies are currently available to repair injured brain tissues. In the postnatal brain, neural stem cells reside in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and continuously generate new immature neurons (neuroblasts). After brain injury in rodents, V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts migrate toward the injured area using blood vessels as a scaffold. Notably, the neonatal V-SVZ has a remarkable neurogenic capacity. Furthermore, compared with the adult brain, after neonatal brain injury, larger numbers of neuroblasts migrate toward the lesion, raising the possibility that the V-SVZ could be a source for endogenous neuronal regeneration after neonatal brain injury. We recently demonstrated that efficient migration of V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts toward a lesion is supported by neonatal radial glia via neural cadherin (N-cadherin)-mediated neuron-fiber contact, which promotes RhoA activity. Moreover, providing blood vessel- and radial glia-mimetic scaffolds for migrating neuroblasts promotes neuronal migration and improves functional gait behaviors after neonatal brain injury. In the V-SVZ, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are also generated and migrate toward the surrounding white matter, where they differentiate and form myelin. After white matter injury in rodents, the production and subsequent migration of V-SVZ-derived OPCs are enhanced. In the neonatal period, administration of growth factors at a specific time promotes oligodendrocyte regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury. These findings suggest that activating the high regenerative capacity that is specific to the neonatal period could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for neonatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Jinnou
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Musaelyan K, Yildizoglu S, Bozeman J, Du Preez A, Egeland M, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM, Fernandes C, Thuret S. Chronic stress induces significant gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex alongside alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa153. [PMID: 33543135 PMCID: PMC7850288 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in stress-related disorders such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorders, as well as in the mechanism of antidepressant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these associations remain to be fully explored. In this study, unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice resulted in a deficit in neuronal dendritic tree development and neuroblast migration in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. To investigate molecular pathways underlying neurogenesis alteration, genome-wide gene expression changes were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and the hypothalamus alongside neurogenesis changes. Cluster analysis showed that the transcriptomic signature of chronic stress is much more prominent in the prefrontal cortex compared to the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. Pathway analyses suggested huntingtin, leptin, myelin regulatory factor, methyl-CpG binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as the top predicted upstream regulators of transcriptomic changes in the prefrontal cortex. Involvement of the satiety regulating pathways (leptin) was corroborated by behavioural data showing increased food reward motivation in stressed mice. Behavioural and gene expression data also suggested circadian rhythm disruption and activation of circadian clock genes such as Period 2. Interestingly, most of these pathways have been previously shown to be involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. It is possible that activation of these pathways in the prefrontal cortex by chronic stress indirectly affects neuronal differentiation and migration in the hippocampal neurogenic niche via reciprocal connections between the two brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Selin Yildizoglu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - James Bozeman
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Andrea Du Preez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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18
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Chen Y, Li J, Ma B, Li N, Wang S, Sun Z, Xue C, Han Q, Wei J, Zhao RC. MSC-derived exosomes promote recovery from traumatic brain injury via microglia/macrophages in rat. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18274-18296. [PMID: 32966240 PMCID: PMC7585083 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young individuals worldwide. There is currently no effective clinical treatment for TBI, but mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have exhibited promising therapeutic effects. In this study, we performed intracerebroventricular microinjection of human adipose mesenchymal stem cell (hADSC)-derived exosomes (hADSC-ex) in a weight-drop-induced TBI rat model. We found that hADSC-ex promoted functional recovery, suppressed neuroinflammation, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and increased neurogenesis in TBI rats. The therapeutic effects of hADSC-ex were comparable to those of hADSC. Sequential in vivo imaging revealed increasing aggregation of DiR-labeled hADSC-ex in the lesion area. Immunofluorescent staining of coronal brain sections and primary mixed neural cell cultures revealed distinct overlap between CM-DiI-labeled hADSC-ex and microglia/macrophages, indicating that hADSC-ex were mainly taken up by microglia/macrophages. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory model, hADSC-ex suppressed microglia/macrophage activation by inhibiting nuclear factor κB and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. These data suggest that hADSC-ex specifically enter microglia/macrophages and suppress their activation during brain injury, thereby inhibiting inflammation and facilitating functional recovery. They also offer new insight into the cellular targeting, uptake and migration of hADSC-ex, and provide a theoretical basis for new therapeutic strategies for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Chen
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Baitao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chunling Xue
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qin Han
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing 100005, China
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19
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Marin C, Langdon C, Alobid I, Mullol J. Olfactory Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Role of Neurogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32648230 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Olfactory functioning disturbances are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) having a significant impact on quality of life. A spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function over time may occur in TBI patients. Although there is no standard treatment for patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss, olfactory training (OT) has shown some promise beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous recovery and olfactory improvement induced by OT are not completely known. RECENT FINDINGS The spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function and the improvement of olfactory function after OT have recently been associated with an increase in subventricular (SVZ) neurogenesis and an increase in olfactory bulb (OB) glomerular dopaminergic (DAergic) interneurons. In addition, after OT, an increase in electrophysiological responses at the olfactory epithelium (OE) level has been reported, indicating that recovery of olfactory function not only affects olfactory processing at the central level, but also at peripheral level. However, the role of OE stem cells in the spontaneous recovery and in the improvement of olfactory function after OT in TBI is still unknown. In this review, we describe the physiology of the olfactory system, and the olfactory dysfunction after TBI. We highlight the possible role for the SVZ neurogenesis and DAergic OB interneurons in the recovery of the olfactory function. In addition, we point out the relevance of the OE neurogenesis process as a future target for the research in the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the olfactory dysfunction in TBI. The potential of basal stem cells as a promising candidate for replacement therapies is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristóbal Langdon
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Department 2B, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain. .,Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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20
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Peeler DJ, Luera N, Horner PJ, Pun SH, Sellers DL. Polyplex transfection from intracerebroventricular delivery is not significantly affected by traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2020; 322:149-156. [PMID: 32198024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is largely non-preventable and often kills or permanently disables its victims. Because current treatments for TBI merely ameliorate secondary effects of the initial injury like swelling and hemorrhaging, strategies for the induction of neuronal regeneration are desperately needed. Recent discoveries regarding the TBI-responsive migratory behavior and differentiation potential of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) found in the subventricular zone (SVZ) have prompted strategies targeting gene therapies to these cells to enhance neurogenesis after TBI. We have previously shown that plasmid polyplexes can non-virally transfect SVZ NPCs when directly injected in the lateral ventricles of uninjured mice. We describe the first reported intracerebroventricular transfections mediated by polymeric gene carriers in a murine TBI model and investigate the anatomical parameters that dictate transfection through this route of administration. Using both luciferase and GFP plasmid transfections, we show that the time delay between injury and polyplex injection directly impacts the magnitude of transfection efficiency, but that overall trends in the location of transfection are not affected by injury. Confocal microscopy of quantum dot-labeled plasmid uptake in vivo reveals association between our polymers and negatively charged NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the SVZ extracellular matrix. We further validate that glycosaminoglycans but not sulfate groups are required for polyplex uptake and transfection in vitro. These studies demonstrate that non-viral gene delivery is impacted by proteoglycan interactions and suggest the need for improved polyplex targeting materials that penetrate brain extracellular matrix to increase transfection efficiency in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Nicholas Luera
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Philip J Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration and Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Drew L Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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21
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Bellastella G, Maiorino MI, Longo M, Cirillo P, Scappaticcio L, Vietri MT, Bellastella A, Esposito K, De Bellis A. Impact of Pituitary Autoimmunity and Genetic Disorders on Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children and Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041392. [PMID: 32092880 PMCID: PMC7073103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), mostly through its peripheral mediator, the insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), in addition to carrying out its fundamental action to promote linear bone growth, plays an important role throughout life in the regulation of intermediate metabolism, trophism and function of various organs, especially the cardiovascular, muscular and skeletal systems. Therefore, if a prepubertal GH secretory deficiency (GHD) is responsible for short stature, then a deficiency in adulthood identifies a nosographic picture classified as adult GHD syndrome, which is characterized by heart, muscle, bone, metabolic and psychic abnormalities. A GHD may occur in patients with pituitary autoimmunity; moreover, GHD may also be one of the features of some genetic syndromes in association with other neurological, somatic and immune alterations. This review will discuss the impact of pituitary autoimmunity on GHD and the occurrence of GHD in the context of some genetic disorders. Moreover, we will discuss some genetic alterations that cause GH and IGF-1 insensitivity and the arguments in favor and against the influence of GH/IGF-1 on longevity and cancer in the light of the papers on these issues that so far appear in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bellastella
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.I.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.I.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.I.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bellastella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
- Unit of Diabetes, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Bellis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.I.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (L.S.); (K.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815665245
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22
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Mao W, Yi X, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G. CXCL12 promotes proliferation of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury in rats. Cytokine 2019; 125:154771. [PMID: 31400639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of CXCL12 on regeneration of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We randomly divided 48 rats into 4 groups: (1) the sham group, rats were performed craniotomy only, (2) the control group, saline were injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, (3) the CXCL12 group, CXCL12 were injected, and (4) the CXCL12 + AMD3100 group, a mixture of CXCL12 and AMD3100 were injected. Seven days after TBI, the brain tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence double-labeled staining of BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, BLBP/Vimentin, BLBP/SOX2, BLBP/CXCR4, BLBP/DCX. Western Blot assay was used to measure the levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin. Compared with the control group, CXCL12 treatment significantly increased the number of cells stained with BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, and BLBP/Vimentin around the injured cortex and corpus callosum areas. CXCL12 + AMD3100 treatment significantly decreased the number of these cells compared with the CXCL12 treatment and control group. The protein levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin had the same change trends as those of the immunofluorescence staining. The BLBP/Vimentin positive cells presented with the astrocyte pattern around the injured cortex area but with the RGCs pattern around the injured corpus callosum area. The BLBP positive cells also expressed CXCR4 and SOX2. Altogether, CXCL12 promotes the proliferation of neural precursor cells after TBI by combing to its receptor, CXCR4. The proliferating neural precursor cells presents radial glial cell like cells. The RGCs-like cells can differentiate into immature neurons and promote the migration of immature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Mao
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Lazutkin A, Podgorny O, Enikolopov G. Modes of division and differentiation of neural stem cells. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112118. [PMID: 31369774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis presents an unorthodox form of neuronal plasticity and may be relevant for the normal or abnormal functioning of the human and animal brain. As production of new neurons decreases after birth, purposefully activating stem cells to create additional new neurons may augment brain function or slow a disease's progression. Here, we describe current models of hippocampal stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and emphasize key features of neural stem cells' turnover that may define hippocampal neurogenesis enhancement attempts' long-term consequences. We argue that even the basic blueprint of how stem cells are maintained, divide, differentiate, and are eliminated is still contentious, with different models potentially leading to vastly different outcomes in regard to neuronal production and stem cell pool preservation. We propose that to manipulate neurogenesis for a long-term benefit, we must first understand the outline of the neural stem cells' lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lazutkin
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia; P.K. Anokhin Institute for Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Podgorny
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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24
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Nemirovich-Danchenko NM, Khodanovich MY. New Neurons in the Post-ischemic and Injured Brain: Migrating or Resident? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:588. [PMID: 31275097 PMCID: PMC6591486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous potential of adult neurogenesis is of particular interest for the development of new strategies for recovery after stroke and traumatic brain injury. These pathological conditions affect endogenous neurogenesis in two aspects. On the one hand, injury usually initiates the migration of neuronal precursors (NPCs) to the lesion area from the already existing, in physiological conditions, neurogenic niche - the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) near the lateral ventricles. On the other hand, recent studies have convincingly demonstrated the local generation of new neurons near lesion areas in different brain locations. The striatum, cortex, and hippocampal CA1 region are considered to be locations of such new neurogenic zones in the damaged brain. This review focuses on the relative contribution of two types of NPCs of different origin, resident population in new neurogenic zones and cells migrating from the lateral ventricles, to post-stroke or post-traumatic enhancement of neurogenesis. The migratory pathways of NPCs have also been considered. In addition, the review highlights the advantages and limitations of different methodological approaches to the definition of NPC location and tracking of new neurons. In general, we suggest that despite the considerable number of studies, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of neurogenesis in the damaged brain. We believe that the advancement of methods for in vivo visualization and longitudinal observation of neurogenesis in the brain could fundamentally change the current situation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Yu. Khodanovich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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25
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De Bellis A, Bellastella G, Maiorino MI, Costantino A, Cirillo P, Longo M, Pernice V, Bellastella A, Esposito K. The role of autoimmunity in pituitary dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury. Pituitary 2019; 22:236-248. [PMID: 30847776 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-00953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of mortality and long-term disability and it is associated with an increased prevalence of neuroendocrine dysfunctions. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) results in major physical, psychological and social consequences leading to impaired quality of life. PTHP can occur at any time after traumatic event, evolving through various ways and degrees of deficit, requiring appropriate screening for early detection and treatment. Although the PTHP pathophysiology remains to be elucitated, on the basis of proposed hypotheses it seems to be the result of combined pathological processes, with a possible role played by hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity (HPA). This review is aimed at focusing on this possible role in the development of PTHP and its potential clinical consequences, on the basis of the data so far appeared in the literature and of some results of personal studies on this issue. METHODS Scrutinizing the data so far appeared in literature on this topic, we have found only few studies evaluating the autoimmune pattern in affected patients, searching in particular for antipituitary and antihypothalamus autoantibodies (APA and AHA, respectively) by simple indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS The presence of APA and/or AHA at high titers was associated with an increased risk of onset/persistence of PTHP. CONCLUSIONS HPA seems to contribute to TBI-induced pituitary damage and related PTHP. However, further prospective studies in a larger cohort of patients are needed to define etiopathogenic and diagnostic role of APA/AHA in development of post-traumatic hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunctions after a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Bellis
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Costantino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vlenia Pernice
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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26
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Morganti-Kossmann MC, Semple BD, Hellewell SC, Bye N, Ziebell JM. The complexity of neuroinflammation consequent to traumatic brain injury: from research evidence to potential treatments. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:731-755. [PMID: 30535946 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review recounts the definitions and research evidence supporting the multifaceted roles of neuroinflammation in the injured brain following trauma. We summarise the literature fluctuating from the protective and detrimental properties that cytokines, leukocytes and glial cells play in the acute and chronic stages of TBI, including the intrinsic factors that influence cytokine responses and microglial functions relative to genetics, sex, and age. We elaborate on the pros and cons that cytokines, chemokines, and microglia play in brain repair, specifically neurogenesis, and how such conflicting roles may be harnessed therapeutically to sustain the survival of new neurons. With a brief review of the clinical and experimental findings demonstrating early and chronic inflammation impacts on outcomes, we focus on the clinical conditions that may be amplified by neuroinflammation, ranging from acute seizures to chronic epilepsy, neuroendocrine dysfunction, dementia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Finally, we provide an overview of the therapeutic agents that have been tested to reduce inflammation-driven secondary pathological cascades and speculate the future promise of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
| | - Jenna M Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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27
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Obernier K, Alvarez-Buylla A. Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev156059. [PMID: 30777863 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), which are specialized niches in which young neurons for the olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, respectively, are generated. Recent studies have significantly modified earlier views on the mechanisms of NSC self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification and cell division modes of V-SVZ NSCs, and draw comparisons with NSCs in the SGZ. We highlight how V-SVZ NSCs are regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well as by neurotransmitters and factors that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus and vasculature. We also review recent advances in single cell RNA analyses that reveal the complexity of adult neurogenesis. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of adult neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new approaches to brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Obernier
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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28
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Montes P, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Rojas-Castañeda JC, Monfil T, Cervantes M, Moralí G. Progesterone treatment in rats after severe global cerebral ischemia promotes hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis and functional recovery. Neurol Res 2019; 41:429-436. [PMID: 30762490 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1576356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rats treated with progesterone (P4) after ischemia show an adequate functional performance despite a significant loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, suggesting that P4 could favour a permissive microenvironment for cerebral plasticity mechanisms. The possibility of P4 treatment promoting the survival of newly generated hippocampal neurons, in relation to the performance of ischemic rats in a spatial learning task, was assessed in this study. METHODS Adult male rats were subjected to a severe global cerebral ischemia episode (30 min) and treated with P4 or its vehicle at 15 min, 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of reperfusion. From day 4 to 8 post-ischemia 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to label proliferating cells. Twenty-one days post-ischemia, the rats were exposed to the Morris water maze to assess behavioral parameters of spatial learning and memory. Subsequently, the brain was perfusion-fixed and immunofluorescence procedures were performed to quantify the number of new mature neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. RESULTS Rats subjected to severe global cerebral ischemia and treated with P4 had a significantly better performance in spatial learning-memory tests, than those treated with vehicle, and a significantly higher number of new mature neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+) in the DG. CONCLUSION These findings show that post-ischemia P4 treatment, following an episode of severe global cerebral ischemia, promotes the survival of newly generated hippocampal neurons in the DG, which may be one of the mechanisms of cerebral plasticity induced by the hormone, that underlie a successful functional performance in learning and memory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Montes
- a Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología , CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS , México , México
| | | | | | - Tomas Monfil
- a Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología , CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS , México , México
| | - Miguel Cervantes
- c Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" , UMSNH , Morelia , México
| | - Gabriela Moralí
- a Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología , CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS , México , México
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29
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MiR-124 Enriched Exosomes Promoted the M2 Polarization of Microglia and Enhanced Hippocampus Neurogenesis After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting TLR4 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:811-828. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Vuokila N, Lukasiuk K, Bot AM, van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Pitkänen A, Puhakka N. miR-124-3p is a chronic regulator of gene expression after brain injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4557-4581. [PMID: 30155647 PMCID: PMC11105702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates molecular and cellular pathologies that underlie post-injury morbidities, including hippocampus-related memory decline and epileptogenesis. Non-coding small RNAs are master regulators of gene expression with the potential to affect multiple molecular pathways. To evaluate whether hippocampal gene expression networks are chronically regulated by microRNAs after TBI, we sampled the dentate gyrus of rats with severe TBI induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury 3 months earlier. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed 30 upregulated miR-124-3p targets, suggesting that miR-124-3p is downregulated post-TBI (z-score = - 5.146, p < 0.05). Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and in situ hybridization confirmed the chronic downregulation of miR-124-3p (p < 0.05). Quantitative PCR analysis of two targets, Plp2 and Stat3, indicated that their upregulation correlated with the miR-124-3p downregulation (r = - 0.647, p < 0.05; r = - 0.629, p < 0.05, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining of STAT3 confirmed the increased protein expression. STRING analysis showed that 9 of the 30 miR-124-3p targets belonged to a STAT3 network. Reactome analysis and data mining connected the targets especially to inflammation and signal transduction. L1000CDS2 software revealed drugs (e.g., importazole, trichostatin A, and IKK-16) that could reverse the observed molecular changes. The translational value of our data was emphasized by in situ hybridization showing chronic post-traumatic downregulation of miR-124-3p in the dentate gyrus of TBI patients. Analysis of another brain injury model, status epilepticus, highlighted the fact that chronic downregulation of miR-124 is a common phenomenon after brain injury. Together, our findings indicate that miR-124-3p is a chronic modulator of molecular networks relevant to post-injury hippocampal pathologies in experimental models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Vuokila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bot
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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31
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Carbonara M, Fossi F, Zoerle T, Ortolano F, Moro F, Pischiutta F, Zanier ER, Stocchetti N. Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells can Potentially Overcome Some Limitations of Previous Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2018; 9:885. [PMID: 30405517 PMCID: PMC6208094 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the last 30 years several neuroprotective agents, attenuating the downstream molecular and cellular damaging events triggered by TBI, have been extensively studied. Even though many drugs have shown promising results in the pre-clinical stage, all have failed in large clinical trials. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may offer a promising new therapeutic intervention, with preclinical data showing protection of the injured brain. We selected three of the critical aspects identified as possible causes of clinical failure: the window of opportunity for drug administration, the double-edged contribution of mechanisms to damage and recovery, and the oft-neglected role of reparative mechanisms. For each aspect, we briefly summarized the limitations of previous trials and the potential advantages of a newer approach using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carbonara
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fossi
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zoerle
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ortolano
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Moro
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nino Stocchetti
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, Milan University, Milan, Italy
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32
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Shapiro LA. Altered Hippocampal Neurogenesis during the First 7 Days after a Fluid Percussion Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1314-1318. [PMID: 28933222 PMCID: PMC5657729 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating disorder causing negative outcomes in millions of people each year. Despite the alarming number of brain injuries and the long-term detrimental outcomes that can be associated with TBI, treatment options are lacking. Extensive investigation is underway, in hopes of identifying effective treatment strategies. Among the most state-of-the-art strategies is cell replacement therapy. TBI is a seemingly good candidate for cell replacement studies because there is often loss of neurons. However, translation of this therapy has not yet been successful. It is possible that a better understanding of endogenous neurogenic mechanisms after TBI could lead to more efficacious study designs using exogenous cell replacement strategies. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the number and migration of immature neurons at 1 and 7 d after a fluid percussion TBI. The results show that the number of immature neurons increases from 7 d after a fluid percussion injury (FPI), and there is ectopic migration of doublecortin (DCX+) immature neurons into the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. These results add important data to the current understanding of the endogenous neurogenic niche after TBI. Follow-up studies are needed to better understand the functional significance of elevated neurogenesis and aberrant migration into the hilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Shapiro
- 1 Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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33
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Esenaliev RO, Petrov IY, Petrov Y, Guptarak J, Boone DR, Mocciaro E, Weisz H, Parsley MA, Sell SL, Hellmich H, Ford JM, Pogue C, DeWitt D, Prough DS, Micci MA. Nano-Pulsed Laser Therapy Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Model of Blast-Induced Neurotrauma. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1510-1522. [PMID: 29562823 PMCID: PMC5998828 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel, non-invasive nano-pulsed laser therapy (NPLT) system that combines the benefits of near-infrared laser light (808 nm) and ultrasound (optoacoustic) waves, which are generated with each short laser pulse within the tissue. We tested NPLT in a rat model of blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) to determine whether transcranial application of NPLT provides neuroprotective effects. The laser pulses were applied on the intact rat head 1 h after injury using a specially developed fiber-optic system. Vestibulomotor function was assessed on post-injury days (PIDs) 1–3 on the beam balance and beam walking tasks. Cognitive function was assessed on PIDs 6–10 using a working memory Morris water maze (MWM) test. BDNF and caspase-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in laser-captured cortical neurons. Microglia activation and neuronal injury were assessed in brain sections by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against CD68 and active caspase-3, respectively. In the vestibulomotor and cognitive (MWM) tests, NPLT-treated animals performed significantly better than the untreated blast group and similarly to sham animals. NPLT upregulated mRNA encoding BDNF and downregulated the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 in cortical neurons. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that NPLT inhibited microglia activation and reduced the number of cortical neurons expressing activated caspase-3. NPLT also increased expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and the number of proliferating progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus. Our data demonstrate a neuroprotective effect of NPLT and prompt further studies aimed to develop NPLT as a therapeutic intervention after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat O Esenaliev
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.,2 Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.,3 Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Irene Y Petrov
- 3 Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Yuriy Petrov
- 3 Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Jutatip Guptarak
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Debbie R Boone
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Emanuele Mocciaro
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Harris Weisz
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Margaret A Parsley
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Stacy L Sell
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Helen Hellmich
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Ford
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Connor Pogue
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Douglas DeWitt
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Donald S Prough
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Maria-Adelaide Micci
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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34
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern, with limited treatment options available. Despite improving survival rate after TBI, treatment is lacking for brain functional recovery and structural repair in clinic. Recent studies have suggested that the mature brain harbors neural stem cells which have regenerative capacity following brain insults. Much progress has been made in preclinical TBI model studies in understanding the behaviors, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of neural stem cells in the injured brain. Different strategies targeting these cell population have been assessed in TBI models. In parallel, cell transplantation strategy using a wide range of stem cells has been explored for TBI treatment in pre-clinical studies and some in clinical trials. This review summarized strategies which have been explored to enhance endogenous neural stem cell-mediated regeneration and recent development in cell transplantation studies for post-TBI brain repair. RECENT FINDINGS Thus far, neural regeneration through neural stem cells either by modulating endogenous neural stem cells or by stem cell transplantation has attracted much attention. It is highly speculated that targeting neural stem cells could be a potential strategy to repair and regenerate the injured brain. Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration are major aspects for TBI therapeutic development. With technique advancement, it is hoped that stem cell-based therapy targeting neuroregeneration will be able to translate to clinic in not so far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Weston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O.Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O.Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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35
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Marin C, Laxe S, Langdon C, Berenguer J, Lehrer E, Mariño-Sánchez F, Alobid I, Bernabeu M, Mullol J. Olfactory function in an excitotoxic model for secondary neuronal degeneration: Role of dopaminergic interneurons. Neuroscience 2017; 364:28-44. [PMID: 28918258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary neuronal degeneration (SND) occurring in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists in downstream destructive events affecting cells that were not or only marginally affected by the initial wound, further increasing the effects of the primary injury. Glutamate excitotoxicity is hypothesized to play an important role in SND. TBI is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction that may be spontaneous and partially recovered. The role of the glutamate excitotoxicity in the TBI-induced olfactory dysfunction is still unknown. We investigated the effects of excitotoxicity induced by bilateral N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) OB administration in the olfactory function, OB volumes, and subventricular zone (SVZ) and OB neurogenesis in rats. NMDA OB administration induced a decrease in the number of correct choices in the olfactory discrimination tests one week after lesions (p<0.01), and a spontaneous recovery of the olfactory deficit two weeks after lesions (p<0.05). A lack of correlation between OB volumes and olfactory function was observed. An increase in SVZ neurogenesis (Ki67+ cells, PSANCAM+ cells (p<0.01) associated with an increase in OB glomerular dopaminergic immunostaining (p<0.05) were related to olfactory function recovery. The present results show that changes in OB volumes cannot explain the recovery of the olfactory function and suggest a relevant role for dopaminergic OB interneurons in the pathophysiology of recovery of loss of smell in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sara Laxe
- Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann-Institut-Hospital for Neurorehabilitation adscript UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristobal Langdon
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Joan Berenguer
- Neuroradiology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Lehrer
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Franklin Mariño-Sánchez
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Montserrat Bernabeu
- Brain Injury Unit, Guttmann-Institut-Hospital for Neurorehabilitation adscript UAB, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Investigation in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain
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36
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Hoffer BJ, Pick CG, Hoffer ME, Becker RE, Chiang YH, Greig NH. Repositioning drugs for traumatic brain injury - N-acetyl cysteine and Phenserine. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:71. [PMID: 28886718 PMCID: PMC5591517 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults of less than 45 years of age and the elderly, and contributes to about 30% of all injury deaths in the United States of America. Whereas there has been a significant improvement in our understanding of the mechanism that underpin the primary and secondary stages of damage associated with a TBI incident, to date however, this knowledge has not translated into the development of effective new pharmacological TBI treatment strategies. Prior experimental and clinical studies of drugs working via a single mechanism only may have failed to address the full range of pathologies that lead to the neuronal loss and cognitive impairment evident in TBI and other disorders. The present review focuses on two drugs with the potential to benefit multiple pathways considered important in TBI. Notably, both agents have already been developed into human studies for other conditions, and thus have the potential to be rapidly repositioned as TBI therapies. The first is N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) that is currently used in over the counter medications for its anti-inflammatory properties. The second is (-)-phenserine ((-)-Phen) that was originally developed as an experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug. We briefly review background information about TBI and subsequently review literature suggesting that NAC and (-)-Phen may be useful therapeutic approaches for TBI, for which there are no currently approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael E Hoffer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yu T, Tensaouti Y, Bagha ZM, Davidson R, Kim A, Kernie SG. Adult newborn neurons interfere with fear discrimination in a protocol-dependent manner. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00796. [PMID: 28948089 PMCID: PMC5607558 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant enhancement of neurogenesis is known to occur in response to a variety of brain insults such as traumatic brain injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that injury-induced newborn neurons are required for hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory tasks like the Morris water maze, but not in contextual fear conditioning that requires both the hippocampus and amygdala. Recently, the dentate gyrus, where adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs, has been implicated in processing information to form specific memory under specific environmental stimuli in a process known as pattern separation. METHODS To test whether injury-induced newborn neurons facilitate pattern separation, hippocampus-dependent contextual fear discrimination was performed using delta-HSV-TK transgenic mice, which can temporally inhibit injury-induced neurogenesis under the control of ganciclovir. RESULTS We observed that impaired neurogenesis enhanced the ability to distinguish aversive from naïve environments. In addition, this occurs most significantly following injury, but only in a context-dependent manner whereby the sequence of introducing the naïve environment from the aversive one affected the performance differentially. CONCLUSIONS Temporal impairment of both baseline and injury-induced adult neurogenesis enhances performance in fear discrimination in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong‐Shiue Yu
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yacine Tensaouti
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zohaib M. Bagha
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Rina Davidson
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ahleum Kim
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Steven G. Kernie
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNYUSA
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Stem Cell: Pathophysiology and Update on Recent Treatment Modalities. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6392592. [PMID: 28852409 PMCID: PMC5568618 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6392592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition that presents with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms caused by an initial insult to the brain through an external mechanical force to the skull. In the United States alone, TBI accounts for more than 50,000 deaths per year and is one of the leading causes of mortality among young adults in the developed world. Pathophysiology of TBI is complex and consists of acute and delayed injury. In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. In the delayed phase, “toxins” released from damaged cells set off cascades in neighboring cells eventually leading to exacerbation of primary injury. As researches further explore pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition, numerous potential therapeutic strategies, especially those involving stem cells, are emerging to improve recovery and possibly reverse damage. In addition to elucidating the most recent advances in the understanding of TBI pathophysiology, this review explores two primary pathways currently under investigation and are thought to yield the most viable therapeutic approach for treatment of TBI: manipulation of endogenous neural cell response and administration of exogenous stem cell therapy.
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Yang Y, Ye Y, Su X, He J, Bai W, He X. MSCs-Derived Exosomes and Neuroinflammation, Neurogenesis and Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28293177 PMCID: PMC5329010 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are endosomal origin membrane-enclosed small vesicles (30-100 nm) that contain various molecular constituents including proteins, lipids, mRNAs and microRNAs. Accumulating studies demonstrated that exosomes initiated and regulated neuroinflammation, modified neurogenic niches and neurogenesis, and were even of potential significance in treating some neurological diseases. These tiny extracellular vesicles (EVs) can derive from some kinds of multipotent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been confirmed to be a potentially promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in experimental models and in preclinical studies. Nevertheless, subsequent studies demonstrated that the predominant mechanisms of MSCs's contributions to brain tissue repairment and functional recovery after TBI were not the cell replacement effects but likely the secretion-based paracrine effects produced by EVs such as MSCs-derived exosomes. These nanosized exosomes derived from MSCs cannot proliferate, are easier to preserve and transfer and have lower immunogenicity, compared with transplanted exogenous MSCs. These reports revealed that MSCs-derived exosomes might promise to be a new and valuable therapeutic strategy for TBI than MSCs themselves. However, the concrete mechanisms involved in the positive effects induced by MSCs-derived exosomes in TBI are still ambiguous. In this review, we intend to explore the potential effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in TBI and, especially, on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 422nd HospitalZhanjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Changsha, China
| | - Xinhong Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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40
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Pytte CL. Adult Neurogenesis in the Songbird: Region-Specific Contributions of New Neurons to Behavioral Plasticity and Stability. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:191-204. [PMID: 27560148 DOI: 10.1159/000447048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of new neurons in learning and encoding new information has been largely based on studies of new neurons in the mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb - brain regions that may be specialized for learning. Thus the role of new neurons in regions that serve other functions has yet to be fully explored. The song system provides a model for studying new neuron function in brain regions that contribute differently to song learning, song auditory discrimination, and song motor production. These regions subserve learning as well as long-term storage of previously learned information. This review examines the differences between learning-based and activity-based retention of new neurons and explores the potential contributions of new neurons to behavioral stability in the song motor production pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Pytte
- Psychology Department, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, N.Y., USA
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41
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Zhang X, Zhu C, Luo Q, Dong J, Liu L, Li M, Zhu H, Ma X, Wang J. Impact of siRNA targeting of β-catenin on differentiation of rat neural stem cells and gene expression of Ngn1 and BMP4 following in vitro hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3595-601. [PMID: 27573468 PMCID: PMC5042732 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible damage-repair mechanisms of neural stem cells (NSCs) following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). NSCs obtained from Sprague Dawley rats were treated with tissue homogenate from normal or HIBD tissue, and β-catenin expression was silenced using siRNA. The differentiation of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ngn1 and BMP4 in the NSCs. Compared with control NSCs, culture with brain tissue homogenate significantly increased the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes (P<0.05), whereas differentiation into astrocytes was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with negative control-transfected cells, knockdown of β-catenin expression significantly decreased the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes (P<0.01), whereas the percentage of NSCs differentiated into astrocytes was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with control NSCs, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ngn1 were significantly increased (P<0.01) and BMP4 levels were significantly reduced (P<0.01) by exposure of the cells to brain tissue homogenate. Compared with the negative control plasmid-transfected NSCs, the levels of Ngn1 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced by β-catenin siRNA (P<0.01), whereas BMP4 levels were significantly increased (P<0.01). In summary, the damaged brain tissues in HIBD may promote NSCs to differentiate into neurons for self-repair processes. β-Catenin, BMP4 and Ngn1 may be important for the coordination of NSC proliferation and differentiation following HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jv Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) are present in different locations in the central nervous system. In the subgranular zone (SGZ) there is a constant generation of new neurons under normal conditions. New neurons are also formed from the subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs, and they migrate anteriorly as neuroblast to the olfactory bulb in rodents, whereas in humans migration is directed toward striatum. Most CNS injuries elicit proliferation and migration of the NSCs toward the injury site, indicating the activation of a regenerative response. However, regeneration from NSC is incomplete, and this could be due to detrimental cues encountered during inflammation. Different CNS diseases and trauma cause activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses that influence the NSCs. Furthermore, NSCs in the brain react differently to inflammatory cues than their counterparts in the spinal cord. In this review, we have summarized the effects of inflammation on NSCs in relation to their origin and briefly described the NSC activity during different neurological diseases or experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Covacu
- 1 Depatment of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- 1 Depatment of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Smith DK, Wang L, Zhang CL. Physiological, pathological, and engineered cell identity reprogramming in the central nervous system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:499-517. [PMID: 27258392 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent neural stem cells persist in restricted regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system. These proliferative cells differentiate into diverse neuron subtypes to maintain neural homeostasis. This endogenous process can be reprogrammed as a compensatory response to physiological cues, traumatic injury, and neurodegeneration. In addition to innate neurogenesis, recent research has demonstrated that new neurons can be engineered via cell identity reprogramming in non-neurogenic regions of the adult central nervous system. A comprehensive understanding of these reprogramming mechanisms will be essential to the development of therapeutic neural regeneration strategies that aim to improve functional recovery after injury and neurodegeneration. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:499-517. doi: 10.1002/wdev.234 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A.,
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44
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Patel K, Sun D. Strategies targeting endogenous neurogenic cell response to improve recovery following traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2016; 1640:104-113. [PMID: 26855258 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 1.7 million people in the United States alone and poses many clinical challenges due to the variability of the injuries and complexity of biochemical mechanisms involved. Thus far, there is still no effective therapy for TBI. Failure of preventative therapeutic strategies has led studies focusing on regenerative approaches. Recent studies have shown evidence that mature brains harbors multipotent neural stem cells capable of becoming mature neurons in the neurogenic regions. Following brain insults including TBI, the injured brain has increased level of neurogenic response in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and this endogenous response is associated with cognitive function following injury. In this review, we highlight recent development and strategies aimed at targeting this endogenous cell response to enhance post-TBI functional recovery. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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45
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Mashanov VS, Zueva OR, García-Arrarás JE. Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:123. [PMID: 26441553 PMCID: PMC4585025 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, generation of new functional cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS), has been documented in a number of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of this phenomenon is still poorly understood for many of the key phylogenetic groups. Echinoderms are one such phylum, positioned as a sister group to chordates within the monophyletic clade Deuterostomia. They are well known for the ability of their adult organs, including the CNS, to completely regenerate after injury. Nothing is known, however, about production of new cells in the nervous tissue under normal physiological conditions in these animals. In this study, we show that new cells are continuously generated in the mature radial nerve cord (RNC) of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Importantly, this neurogenic activity is not evenly distributed, but is significantly more extensive in the lateral regions of the RNC than along the midline. Some of the new cells generated in the apical region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium leave their place of origin and migrate basally to populate the neural parenchyma. Gene expression analysis showed that generation of new cells in the adult sea cucumber CNS is associated with transcriptional activity of genes known to be involved in regulation of various aspects of neurogenesis in other animals. Further analysis of one of those genes, the transcription factor Myc, showed that it is expressed, in some, but not all radial glial cells, suggesting heterogeneity of this CNS progenitor cell population in echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga R Zueva
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, PR, USA
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