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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Linking Variability in Phytochemical Composition with Safety Profile of Thymus carnosus Boiss. Extracts: Effect of Major Compounds and Evaluation of Markers of Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5343. [PMID: 38791385 PMCID: PMC11120720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products are generally considered safe for human consumption, but this classification is often based on ethnobotanical surveys or their use in traditional medicine over a long period of time. However, edaphoclimatic factors are known to produce different chemotypes, which may affect the safety profile and bioactivities, and are not commonly considered for plants exploited as crops worldwide. Thymus carnosus Boiss., a thyme species with various health-promoting effects, has potential pharmaceutical applications, but edaphoclimatic factors were found to significantly impact its phytochemical composition. Thus, we aimed to assess the safety profile of T. carnosus extracts obtained from plants harvested in two locations over three consecutive years and to establish an association with specific components, an essential study in the search for new sources of nutraceuticals. Thus, the antiproliferative effect of an aqueous decoction (AD), hydroethanolic (HE) extracts, and major extracts' components of T. carnosus was evaluated on intestinal (Caco-2) and hepatic (HepG2) cell models, revealing effects dependent on extract type, cell line, and tested compounds. Flavonoids induced different cytotoxic patterns, which could be attributed to molecular structural differences. Flow cytometry analysis showed apoptosis and necrosis induction, mediated by the modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential, effects that were dependent on the cell line and phytochemical composition and on the synergism between extracts components, rather than on the activity of an isolated compound. While ursolic acid was the component with the strongest impact on the difference between extraction methods, flavonoids assumed a pivotal role in the response of different cell lines to the extracts. We report for the first time, for Thymus spp. extracts, that variations in the phytochemical composition clearly influence the cellular response, thus highlighting the need for extract standardization for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Wiśniewska Z, Serwin N, Polikowska A, Goszka M, Engwert W, Michałów J, Pękała M, Budkowska M, Michalczyk A, Dołęgowska B. Can Compounds of Natural Origin Be Important in Chemoprevention? Anticancer Properties of Quercetin, Resveratrol, and Curcumin-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4505. [PMID: 38674092 PMCID: PMC11050349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are the second most common cause of death worldwide. More attention is being paid to the link between the body's impaired oxidoreductive balance and cancer incidence. Much attention is being paid to polyphenols derived from plants, as one of their properties is an antioxidant character: the ability to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chelate specific metal ions, modulate signaling pathways affecting inflammation, and raise the level and activity of antioxidant enzymes while lowering those with oxidative effects. The following three compounds, resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin, are polyphenols modulating multiple molecular targets, or increasing pro-apoptotic protein expression levels and decreasing anti-apoptotic protein expression levels. Experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo on animals and humans suggest using them as chemopreventive agents based on antioxidant properties. The advantage of these natural polyphenols is low toxicity and weak adverse effects at higher doses. However, the compounds discussed are characterized by low bioavailability and solubility, which may make achieving the blood concentrations needed for the desired effect challenging. The solution may lie in derivatives of naturally occurring polyphenols subjected to structural modifications that enhance their beneficial effects or work on implementing new ways of delivering antioxidants that improve their solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Zofia Wiśniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Polikowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Goszka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Weronika Engwert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Jaśmina Michałów
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Maja Pękała
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.W.); (N.S.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.E.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (B.D.)
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McCluskey ES, Liu N, Pandey A, Marchetti N, Kelsen SG, Sajjan US. Quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from airway basal cells of COPD patients. Respir Res 2024; 25:120. [PMID: 38468259 PMCID: PMC10926630 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway basal cells (BC) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regenerate abnormal airway epithelium and this was associated with reduced expression of several genes involved in epithelial repair. Quercetin reduces airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in COPD models, therefore we examined whether quercetin promotes normal epithelial regeneration from COPD BC by altering gene expression. METHODS COPD BC treated with DMSO or 1 µM quercetin for three days were cultured at air/liquid interface (ALI) for up to 4 weeks. BC from healthy donors cultured at ALI were used as controls. Polarization of cells was determined at 8 days of ALI. The cell types and IL-8 expression in differentiated cell cultures were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA respectively. Microarray analysis was conducted on DMSO or 1 µM quercetin-treated COPD BC for 3 days to identify differentially regulated genes (DEG). Bronchial brushings obtained from COPD patients with similar age and disease status treated with either placebo (4 subjects) or 2000 mg/day quercetin (7 subjects) for 6 months were used to confirm the effects of quercetin on gene expression. RESULTS Compared to placebo-, quercetin-treated COPD BC showed significantly increased transepithelial resistance, more ciliated cells, fewer goblet cells, and lower IL-8. Quercetin upregulated genes associated with tissue and epithelial development and differentiation in COPD BC. COPD patients treated with quercetin, but not placebo showed increased expression of two developmental genes HOXB2 and ELF3, which were also increased in quercetin-treated COPD BC with FDR < 0.001. Active smokers showed increased mRNA expression of TGF-β (0.067) and IL-8 (22.0), which was reduced by 3.6 and 4.14 fold respectively after quercetin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that quercetin may improve airway epithelial regeneration by increasing the expression of genes involved in epithelial development/differentiation in COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 6-18-2019. The study number is NCT03989271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S McCluskey
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathan Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Abhimaneu Pandey
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Steven G Kelsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Umadevi S Sajjan
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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McCluskey ES, Liu N, Pandey A, Marchetti N, Sajjan U. Quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from airway basal cells of COPD patients. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185241. [PMID: 37546740 PMCID: PMC10402257 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185241/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway basal cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regenerate abnormal airway epithelium and this was associated with reduced expression of several genes involved in epithelial repair. Quercetin reduces goblet cell metaplasia and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in COPD models. This study assessed whether quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from COPD airway basal cells. Methods COPD airway basal cells were treated with DMSO or 1 μM quercetin for three days. The cells were then cultured at air/liquid interface (ALI) for up to 4 weeks. Basal cells from healthy donors cultured at air/liquid interface were used as controls. Polarization of cells was determined at 8 days of ALI. The cell types and IL-8 expression in differentiated cell cultures were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA. Microarray analysis was conducted on DMSO or quercetin-treated COPD basal cells to identify differentially regulated genes (DEG) and the enriched biological pathways. Bronchial brushings from COPD patients treated with either placebo or quercetin for 6 months were used to confirm the effects of quercetin on gene expression. Results Compared to DMSO, quercetin-treated COPD basal cells showed an increase in TER and regenerated the airway epithelium with more ciliated cells, and less goblet cells and IL-8. Comparison of DMSO- and quercetin-treated COPD basal cell transcriptomic profiles indicated that quercetin upregulated genes associated with tissue and epithelial development and differentiation. COPD patients treated with quercetin, but not placebo showed significantly increased expression of two developmental genes HOXB2 and ELF3, which were also increased in quercetin-treated COPD basal cells. Bronchial brushings from active smokers showed significantly increased mRNA expression of TGF-β and IL-8, and it was reduced after quercetin treatment. Conclusions These results indicate that quercetin may improve airway epithelial regeneration by increasing the expression of genes involved in epithelial development/differentiation in COPD. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 6-18-2019. The study number is NCT03989271.
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Wickramasinghe JS, Udagama PV, Dissanayaka VHW, Weerasooriya AD, Goonasekera HWW. Plant based radioprotectors as an adjunct to radiotherapy: advantages and limitations. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021001. [PMID: 35130534 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radioprotectors are agents that have the potential to act against radiation damage to cells. These are equally invaluable in radiation protection, both in intentional and unintentional radiation exposure. It is however, complex to use a universal radioprotector that could be beneficial in diverse contexts such as in radiotherapy, nuclear accidents, and space travel, as each of these circumstances have unique requirements. In a clinical setting such as in radiotherapy, a radioprotector is used to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. The protective agent must act against radiation damage selectively in normal healthy cells while enhancing the radiation damage imparted on cancer cells. In the context of radiotherapy, plant-based compounds offer a more reliable solution over synthetic ones as the former are less expensive, less toxic, possess synergistic phytochemical activity, and are environmentally friendly. Phytochemicals with both radioprotective and anticancer properties may enhance the treatment efficacy by two-fold. Hence, plant based radioprotective agents offer a promising field to progress forward, and to expand the boundaries of radiation protection. This review is an account on radioprotective properties of phytochemicals and complications encountered in the development of the ideal radioprotector to be used as an adjunct in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivendra S Wickramasinghe
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethi V Udagama
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayaka
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D Weerasooriya
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States of America
| | - Hemali W W Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Premachandran MS, Murthy PS. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological properties and applications of Pimenta dioica L. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shikku Premachandran
- Department of Spices and Flavor Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Department of Spices and flavor Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pushpa S. Murthy
- Department of Spices and Flavor Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Zahra KF, Lefter R, Ali A, Abdellah EC, Trus C, Ciobica A, Timofte D. The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9965916. [PMID: 34394838 PMCID: PMC8360750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are known by their "double-sided" nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons in the arsenal of the immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the redox imbalance in favor of the prooxidants results in an overproduction of the ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This imbalance can, therefore, be related to oncogenic stimulation. High levels of ROS disrupt cellular processes by nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, and DNA. It appears that DNA damage is the key player in cancer initiation and the formation of 8-OH-G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. The harmful effect of ROS is neutralized by an antioxidant protection treatment as they convert ROS into less reactive species. However, contradictory epidemiological results show that supplementation above physiological doses recommended for antioxidants and taken over a long period can lead to harmful effects and even increase the risk of cancer. Thus, we are describing here some of the latest updates on the involvement of oxidative stress in cancer pathology and a double view on the role of the antioxidants in this context and how this could be relevant in the management and pathology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Fatima Zahra
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials/Agri-Food and Health, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Radu Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 8th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Ech-Chahad Abdellah
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Processes and Materials, Hassan First University, B.P. 539, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Constantin Trus
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dunarea de Jos University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11th Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Universitatii 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
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Ding X, Zhang A, Li C, Ma L, Tang S, Wang Q, Yang G, Li J. The role of H3K9me2-regulated base excision repair genes in the repair of DNA damage induced by arsenic in HaCaT cells and the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract intervention. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:850-860. [PMID: 33378118 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an established human carcinogen that can induce DNA damage; however, the precise mechanism remains unknown. Histone modification is of great significance in chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis. To investigate the role of histone H3K9me2 in arsenic-induced DNA damage, HaCaT cells were exposed to sodium arsenite in this study, and the results showed that the enrichment level of H3K9me2 at the N-methylated purine-DNA-glycosylase (MPG), X-ray repair cross-complementary gene 1 (XRCC1), and polyadenylate diphosphate ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) promoter regions of base-excision repair (BER) genes was increased, which inhibited the expression of these BER genes, thereby inhibiting the repair of DNA damage and aggravating the DNA damage. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which H3K9me2 participates in the BER repair of arsenic-induced DNA damage was verified based on functional loss and gain experiments. In addition, Ginkgo biloba extract can upregulate the expression of MPG, XRCC1, and PARP1 and ameliorate cell DNA damage by reducing the enrichment of H3K9me2 at repair gene promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anliu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Changzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Shunfang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
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The Effects of Quercetin on the Gene Expression of Arginine Metabolism Key Enzymes in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arginine metabolism is an important factor involved in tumorigenesis, progression, and survival of tumor cells. Besides, other metabolites produced in the arginine metabolism process, such as polyamines, nitric oxide, argininosuccinate, and agmatine, play key roles in different stages of tumor development. On the other hand, herbal metabolites are widely used to treat cancer. One of these herbal flavonoids is quercetin. Methods: In this study, according to MTT assay data, two concentrations of quercetin flavonoid were selected (57.5 and 115 µM) to treat human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Then RNA was extracted from the cells and used as a template for cDNA synthesis. Using real-time PCR, the expression of key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism was evaluated, including arginase 2 (Arg2), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OTC), agmatinase (AGMAT), arginase 1 (Arg1), nitric oxide synthase 1 (nNOS), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), spermidine synthase (SRM), spermine synthase (SMS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). The Student t-test was used to analyze the data considering a P value of < 0.05 as the significance level. Results: Our results indicated significant changes in the expression of arginine metabolism enzymes after quercetin exposure, confirming a role for quercetin plant flavonoid in regulating arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells. Conclusions: Quercetin could alter the gene expression of the key enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. This was the first study investigating the effects of quercetin on arginine metabolism in HEK293 cells.
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. Natural Compounds That Target DNA Repair Pathways and Their Therapeutic Potential to Counteract Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:598174. [PMID: 33330091 PMCID: PMC7710985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to current cancer treatments is an important problem that arises through various mechanisms, but one that stands out involves an overexpression of several factors associated with DNA repair. To counteract this type of resistance, different drugs have been developed to affect one or more DNA repair pathways, therefore, to test different compounds of natural origin that have been shown to induce cell death in cancer cells is paramount. Since natural compounds target components of the DNA repair pathways, they have been shown to promote cancer cells to be resensitized to current treatments. For this and other reasons, natural compounds have aroused great curiosity and several research projects are being developed around the world to establish combined treatments between them and radio or chemotherapy. In this work, we summarize the effects of different natural compounds on the DNA repair mechanisms of cancer cells and emphasize their possible application to re-sensitize these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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Nayak G, Rao A, Mullick P, Mutalik S, Kalthur SG, Adiga SK, Kalthur G. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced testicular toxicity by improving endocrine function and modulating cell specific gene expression in mouse testis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112922. [PMID: 32422360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moringa oleifera Lam. is known for its nutritional and ethno medicinal values due to the presence of wide array of phytochemicals with multiple biological activities. We have previously reported that ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) ameliorated cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular toxicity and improved functional integrity of spermatozoa as well as spermatogenic cells. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to investigate whether the mitigation of CP-induced testicular toxicity by MOE is mediated via modulation of endocrine profile, genes associated with function of different cell types and enhancement of DNA repair response in spermatogonial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Swiss albino mice (8 week) were injected with CP (100 mg/kg, one dose in a week for 3 weeks) and MOE (100 mg/kg, 5 doses in a week for 4 weeks) either alone or in combination intraperitoneally. At 35 day post CP injection (first dose), the functional characteristics such as count, motility, head morphology and DNA integrity were assessed in epididymal spermatozoa. Key reproductive hormones like testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Inhibin B concentration were analyzed in serum and testis. In addition, mRNA expression of genes pertaining to the function of Leydig, Sertoli and spermatogonial cells as well as antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in the testis. To understand the DNA damage and repair process in germ cells, prepubertal (2 week) mice were administered with single dose of CP (200 mg/kg) and/or MOE (100 mg/kg) and analyzed for expression of DNA damage (γ-H2AX, P53 and Caspase3) and repair genes (Rad51 and Ku80) in isolated spermatogonial cells at various time points after treatment. RESULTS CP administration resulted in decrease in count, motility and increase in morphological defects and DNA damage in spermatozoa. Testosterone level was marginally decreased while there was a significant increase in FSH (p < 0.001) and decrease in inhibin B (p < 0.05) observed in CP treated mice. Administration of MOE prior to CP, improved sperm functional characteristics, decreased FSH and increased inhibin B levels. Expression of Abp was down-regulated while Transferrin, Fshr and Gata4 (Sertoli cell specific genes) were up-regulated in testis treated with CP. Administration of CP down-regulated the expression of Oct4 and Ddx4 (Spermatogonia specific genes). MOE administration was shown to ameliorate CP-induced damage by modulating the expression of genes specific to Sertoli and spermatogenic cells. Furthermore, MOE treatment reduced CP-induced DNA damage as evident from lower percentage of γ-H2AX positive spermatogonial cells. CONCLUSION Administration of MOE mitigated CP-induced testicular damage by improving blood and, intra-testicular hormonal milieu as well as modulating the expression of genes pertaining to Sertoli and spermatogonial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad Nayak
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Rao
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashansha Mullick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Siddiqui SS, Rahman S, Rupasinghe HV, Vazhappilly CG. Dietary Flavonoids in p53-Mediated Immune Dysfunctions Linking to Cancer Prevention. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080286. [PMID: 32823757 PMCID: PMC7460013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein plays a central role in mediating immune functioning and determines the fate of the cells. Its role as a tumor suppressor, and in transcriptional regulation and cytokine activity under stress conditions, is well defined. The wild type (WT) p53 functions as a guardian for the genome, while the mutant p53 has oncogenic roles. One of the ways that p53 combats carcinogenesis is by reducing inflammation. WT p53 functions as an anti-inflammatory molecule via cross-talk activity with multiple immunological pathways, such as the major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) associated pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and immune checkpoints. Due to the multifarious roles of p53 in cancer, it is a potent target for cancer immunotherapy. Plant flavonoids have been gaining recognition over the last two decades to use as a potential therapeutic regimen in ameliorating diseases. Recent studies have shown the ability of flavonoids to suppress chronic inflammation, specifically by modulating p53 responses. Further, the anti-oxidant Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway could play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress, leading to a reduction of chronic inflammation linked to the prevention of cancer. This review aims to discuss the pharmacological properties of plant flavonoids in response to various oxidative stresses and immune dysfunctions and analyzes the cross-talk between flavonoid-rich dietary intake for potential disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah PO Box 10021, UAE;
| | - Sofia Rahman
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah PO Box 10021, UAE;
- Correspondence:
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Yousefi B, Kaviani M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Mihanfar A, Rahimi Y, Mobaraki K, Majidinia M. Quercetin attenuated oxidative DNA damage through NRF2 signaling pathway in rats with DMH induced colon carcinogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 253:117584. [PMID: 32220623 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating recent studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphonic compounds such as quercetin in colorectal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms for positive effects of quercetin in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)- induced colorectal cancer. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were classified as 6 groups, including group 1 without any intervention, group 2 as quercetin received rats (50 mg/kg), groups 3 as DMH received rats (20 mg/kg) group 4-6 DMH and quercetin received rats. DNA damage, DNA repair, the expression levels and activities of enzymic antioxidants, non-enzymic antioxidants, and NRF2/Keap1 signaling were evaluated in colon tissues of all groups. Our results showed significant suppression of DNA damage and induction of DNA repair in DMH + Quercetin groups, particularly in entire-period in comparison to other groups (p < .05). The expression levels and activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were increased in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). Lipid and protein peroxidation were significantly suppressed in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). In addition, quercetin also modulated NRF2/Keap1 signaling and its targets, detoxifying enzymes in DMH + Quercetin groups. Our finding demonstrated that quercetin supplementation effectively reversed DMH-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage through targeting NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Student Research Community, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kazhal Mobaraki
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Quercetin promotes the survival of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the ESR2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109922. [PMID: 32007919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural product that has been shown to induce tumor apoptosis and necrosis through multiple mechanisms. Tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion negatively regulates the immune response by inhibiting T cell function through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, thereby facilitating tumor escape from host immune surveillance. Thus MDSC is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy to enhance cytotoxic T cell responses. However, the effects of quercetin on MDSC are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin treatment enhanced mouse- and human- derived granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) survival and promoted the secretion of T cell-suppressive factors in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis further showed that quercetin was highly correlated with the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis. These findings highlight the potential advantages and feasibility of quercetin in reinforcing the suppressive property of G-MDSC. Thus impact of G-MDSC should be taken into consideration when quercetin is applied to tumor therapy.
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FOLFIRI-Mediated Toxicity in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Possible Amelioration with Curcumin and Quercetin. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 20:139-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chotphruethipong L, Benjakul S, Kijroongrojana K. Ultrasound assisted extraction of antioxidative phenolics from cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:1785-1792. [PMID: 30996414 PMCID: PMC6443752 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidative phenolics from the leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) was carried out by response surface methodology along with the central composite design. Two independent variables were considered: amplitude (30-77%) and time (7-31 min). The highest extraction yield was 23.61% when the optimal extraction condition (77% amplitude for 31 min) was implemented. The extract containing total phenolic content of 579.55 mg GAE/g dry extract possessed radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The experiment values were in line with the predicted counterparts. Extract contained gallic acid, isoquercetin, tannic acid, quercetin, catechin, apigenin, hydroquinin, eriodictyol, and rutin. The extract with increasing levels inhibited AAPH-induced DNA damage to a higher extent. Thus, UAE was demonstrated to potentially increase the extraction efficacy of phenolics from cashew leaves and the extract could be applied as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Chotphruethipong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Kongkarn Kijroongrojana
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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Appraisal of mechanisms of radioprotection and therapeutic approaches of radiation countermeasures. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:610-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Guo XH, Ni J, Xue JL, Wang X. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit extract potentiates the anticancer efficacy of mitomycin C and cisplatin and reduces their genotoxicity to normal cells in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:1031-1045. [PMID: 29204983 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) is widely consumed as a functional food and used as a folk medicine due to its remarkable nutritional and pharmacological effects. Mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (cDDP) are the most widely used forms of chemotherapeutic drug, but their clinical use is limited by their genotoxicity to normal cells. We aimed to determine whether PE has potential to reduce the genotoxicity, while improving the anticancer effect, of MMC and cDDP. METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay and colony-forming assay. Genomic instability (GIN) was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RESULTS Co-treatment (72 h) with PE at 20-320 μg/ml significantly enhanced the efficacy of MMC (0.05 μg/ml) and cDDP (1 μg/ml) against Colo205 colorectal cancer cells (P<0.05), and at 80-320 μg/ml significantly decreased MMC- and cDDP-induced GIN and multinucleation in normal colonic NCM460 cells (P<0.05). PE significantly decreased the mitotic index (P<0.01), blocked mitotic progression (P<0.05), and promoted apoptosis (P<0.01) in MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells, suggesting that PE-mediated inhibition of mitosis and induction of apoptosis may limit the division and survival of highly damaged cells. Also, PE was found to inhibit the clonal expansion of MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells (P<0.05) and decrease the heterogeneity of the surviving clones. CONCLUSIONS PE potentiates the anticancer efficacy of MMC and cDDP, while preventing their genotoxicity and inhibiting clonal expansions of unstable genomes in normal cells. These data suggest that PE has the potential to reduce the risk of secondary cancers induced by chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Han Guo
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing-Lun Xue
- Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Junnarkar MV, Thakare PM, Yewale PP, Rahman A, Jass J, Mandal A, Nawani NN. Evaluation of Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Different Sources in Western India. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2018.1443825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha V. Junnarkar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Prasad M. Thakare
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Priti P. Yewale
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Abul Mandal
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Neelu N. Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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Damiano S, Sasso A, De Felice B, Di Gregorio I, La Rosa G, Lupoli GA, Belfiore A, Mondola P, Santillo M. Quercetin Increases MUC2 and MUC5AC Gene Expression and Secretion in Intestinal Goblet Cell-Like LS174T via PLC/PKCα/ERK1-2 Pathway. Front Physiol 2018; 9:357. [PMID: 29681865 PMCID: PMC5897515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main dietary flavonoid quercetin, is known to preserve the integrity of gastrointestinal barrier and to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrotic, and other beneficial properties. Many of the biological effects of quercetin appear to be associated to the modulation of cell signaling pathways, rather than to its antioxidant activity. In spite of the large number of data available on the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quercetin exerts its biological effects, including protection of intestinal barrier function, there is a lack of data about the role of this substance on the expression and/or the secretion of mucins released by intestinal goblet cells. Here we investigated the effects of quercetin on the secretion and the gene expression of the main intestinal gel-forming mucins, MUC2 and MUC5AC, and the signaling mechanisms underlined, in human intestinal goblet cell-like LS174T. We found that quercetin increases intracellular Ca2+ levels and induces MUC2 and MUC5AC secretion in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Quercetin also induces mRNA levels of both secretory mucins. Quercetin stimulation of LS174T cells increases phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1-2 and protein kinase C (PKC) α and the induction of MUC2 and MUC5AC secretion and mRNA relies on phospholipase C (PLC), PKC, and ERK1-2 signaling pathways since the PLC inhibitor U73122, the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) and the ERK1-2 pathway inhibitor PD98059, all revert the stimulatory effects of quercetin. We also demonstrated that the induction of mucin gene expression by quercetin is not limited to goblet cells. Indeed, quercetin induces mRNA levels of MUC2 and MUC5AC via PKCα/ERK1-2 pathway also in the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. These data highlight a novel mechanism thereby quercetin, regulating the secretory function of intestinal goblet cells and mucin levels in enterocytes may exert its protective effects on intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna De Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsi A Lupoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Belfiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Ronco AL, De Stefani E, Lasalvia-Galante E, Mendoza B, Vazquez A, Sanchez G. Hot infusions and risk of colorectal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:ejcn2017130. [PMID: 28832574 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence of possible roles for the most common hot infusions intake (tea and coffee) in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) needs additional data. Regarding 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb), a previous multi-site study reported lack of association for its highest intake on CRC risk. The present study was conducted to better understand the associations between the intake of this and other infusions and CRC risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Patients (611 CRC incident cases and 2394 controls, all belonging to public hospitals) were interviewed through a questionnaire, including socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food-frequency questionnaire of 64 items, analyzing tea, 'mate' and coffee intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start and at quit). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. RESULTS Tea and coffee intake displayed significant and inverse associations with CRC risk, mainly among men (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.76 for tea and OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85 for coffee). Mate intake showed a significant inverse association among women (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.77), with a marginal heterogeneity between sexes (P=0.07). Concerning age strata, tea intake displayed inverse associations in all ages, whereas 'mate' and coffee intake showed stronger inverse associations for age ⩾70, suggesting a gradient along time. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of different significant inverse associations for tea, 'mate' and coffee intake and CRC risk. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study reporting inverse results on 'mate' intake and CRC, which are explained by a stronger association among women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.130.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
- IUCLAEH School of Medicine, Maldonado, Uruguay
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E De Stefani
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - B Mendoza
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Vazquez
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Sanchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vergauwen H, Prims S, Degroote J, Wang W, Casteleyn C, van Cruchten S, de Smet S, Michiels J, van Ginneken C. In Vitro Investigation of Six Antioxidants for Pig Diets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040041. [PMID: 27845706 PMCID: PMC5187539 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the small intestinal epithelium can lead to barrier malfunction. In this study, the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA), quercetin (Que), gallic acid (GA), lipoic acid (LA), ethoxyquin (ETQ) and Se-methionine (SeMet) pre-treatments using 2 mM Trolox as a control on the viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) of oxidatively (H₂O₂) stressed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) was investigated. A neutral red assay showed that RA (50-400 µM), Que (12.5-200 µM), GA (50-400 µM), ETQ (6.25-100 µM), and SeMet (125-1000 µM) pre-treatments but not LA significantly increased the viability of H₂O₂-stressed IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). A 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA) fluorescent probe showed that RA (100-600 µM), Que (25-800 µM), ETQ (3.125-100 µM) and SeMet (500-2000 µM) pre-treatments significantly reduced iROS in IPEC-J2 monolayers (p < 0.05). Moreover, RA and Que were most effective in reducing iROS. Therefore, the effects of RA and Que on barrier functioning in vitro were examined. RA and Que pre-treatments significantly decreased fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran-4 (4 kDa) permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of an IPEC-J2 cell monolayer (p < 0.05). These in vitro results of RA and Que hold promise for their use as antioxidants in pig feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Vergauwen
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
| | - Sara Prims
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Degroote
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle 9090, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
| | - Steven van Cruchten
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan de Smet
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle 9090, Belgium.
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Chris van Ginneken
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
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Endharti AT, Wulandari A, Listyana A, Norahmawati E, Permana S. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq extract effectively inhibits inflammation, proliferation and induces p53 expression on colitis-associated colon cancer. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:374. [PMID: 27670445 PMCID: PMC5037598 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Indonesian mistletoe grows on various trees. Mango Mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra) is one type of mistletoe that grown on mango tree (.benalu mangga in bahasa Indonesia). Our study used mistletoe as a parasitic plant that has been used for traditional medicine. It has been known that Dendrophtoe pentandra extract (DPE) anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Furthermore, it is necessary to follow-up study in vivo to evaluate the response to treatment of new cancer therapeutic agents. This research aimed to determine the levels of IL-22, myeloperoxide (MPO), proliferation and wild-type p53 expression after the administration of DPE to murine models of CAC. Methods Mouse colitis associated colon cancer (CAC) was induced firstly by azoxymethane (AOM) and followed by administration of drinking water containing 5 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in a cycle protocol, each cycle consisted of seven days of 5 % DSS in the drinking water and followed by seven days of regular water. This study consists of five treatment groups: I was treated water only (control), II was administrated by (DSS only, without DPE), (III-V) were administrated by DPE (125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW) respectively. The administrated of DPE were started from the 8th weeks, were continued until 21 weeks. At the end of 21 weeks of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, colon tissue was removed, and then subjected to ELISA, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and histology examination. Results Administration of DPE 250 mg/kgBW significantly reduce the levels of IL-22 and MPO compared with DSS only group (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Colonic epithelial cells proliferation of group IV (DPE 250 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower than III and V groups. There was no significant change in the S phase in mice were treated DPE 125 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, while administration of DPE 250 mg/kg BW was able to increase the percentage of cells in S phase. The expression of mRNA p53 was up regulated in mice received DPE 125 mg/kg BW. Conclusion These findings indicate that the DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation through p53 pathway independently. This study also showed that DPE could be potential sources of new therapy.
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Wang L, Turcios L, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Shi X. Quercetin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation by targeting miR-21-PDCD4 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52118-52131. [PMID: 28881718 PMCID: PMC5581017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an important human carcinogen associated with pulmonary diseases and lung cancer. Inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids widely present in many fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anticancer properties. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key oncomiR significantly elevated in the majority of human cancers that exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the effect of quercetin on the inhibition of Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation and the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling involved. Our results showed that quercetin decreased ROS generation induced by Cr(VI) exposure in BEAS-2B cells. Chronic Cr(VI) exposure induced malignant cell transformation, increased miR-21 expression and caused inhibition of PDCD4, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment of quercetin in a dose dependent manner. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of quercetin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 or catalase in BEAS-2B cells suppressed Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that quercetin is able to protect BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by targeting miR-21-PDCD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Surovtseva YV, Jairam V, Salem AF, Sundaram RK, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Characterization of Cardiac Glycoside Natural Products as Potent Inhibitors of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by a Whole-Cell Double Immunofluorescence Assay. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3844-55. [PMID: 26927829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of DNA repair pathways are being intensively investigated as primary and adjuvant chemotherapies. We report the discovery that cardiac glycosides, natural products in clinical use for the treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmia, are potent inhibitors of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Our data suggest that cardiac glycosides interact with phosphorylated mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (phospho-MDC1) or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ring finger protein 8 (RNF8), two factors involved in DSB repair, and inhibit the retention of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) at the site of DSBs. These observations provide an explanation for the anticancer activity of this class of compounds, which has remained poorly understood for decades, and provide guidance for their clinical applications. This discovery was enabled by the development of the first high-throughput unbiased cellular assay to identify new small-molecule inhibitors of DSB repair. Our assay is based on the fully automated, time-resolved quantification of phospho-SER139-H2AX (γH2AX) and 53BP1 foci, two factors involved in the DNA damage response network, in cells treated with small molecules and ionizing radiation (IR). This primary assay is supplemented by robust secondary assays that establish lead compound potencies and provide further insights into their mechanisms of action. Although the cardiac glycosides were identified in an evaluation of 2366 small molecules, the assay is envisioned to be adaptable to larger compound libraries. The assay is shown to be compatible with small-molecule DNA cleaving agents, such as bleomycin, neocarzinostatin chromophore, and lomaiviticin A, in place of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery , West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Vikram Jairam
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ahmed F Salem
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Trindade C, Bortolini GV, Costa BS, Anghinoni JC, Guecheva TN, Arias X, Césio MV, Heinzen H, Moura DJ, Saffi J, Salvador M, Henriques JAP. Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of the aqueous extracts of organic and conventional grapevine Vitis labrusca cv. Isabella leaves in V79 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:825-836. [PMID: 27587288 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most commonly consumed fruit, in both fresh and processed forms; however, a significant amount is disposed of in the environment. Searching for a use of this waste, the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from organic and conventional Vitis labrusca leaves were determined using V79 cells as model. The antigenotoxic activity was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay using endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase enzymes. The antimutagenic property was assessed through the micronucleus (MN) formation, and antioxidant activities were assessed using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(●)) radical scavenging, as well as with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity assays. In addition, phenolic content and ascorbic acid levels of both extracts were determined. Data showed that both organic and conventional grapevine leaves extracts possessed antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties. The extract of organic leaves significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in V79 cells, and displayed greater ability for DPPH(●) scavenging and higher SOD and CAT activities than extract from conventional leaves. Further, the extract from organic leaves contained higher phenolic and ascorbic acid concentrations. In summary, extracts from organic and conventional grape leaves induced important in vitro biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Trindade
- a Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia , Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
- b Unidad de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo en Genética y Biología Molecular , Universidad Simón Bolívar , Barranquilla , Colombia
| | - Giovana Vera Bortolini
- c Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Bárbara Segalotto Costa
- c Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Joanna Carra Anghinoni
- c Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- a Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia , Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Ximena Arias
- d Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Maria Verónica Césio
- d Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Horácio Heinzen
- d Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Dinara Jaqueline Moura
- e Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- e Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- c Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- a Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia , Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
- c Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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30
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JEŽOVIČOVÁ MIRIAM, KOŇARIKOVÁ KATARÍNA, ĎURAČKOVÁ ZDEŇKA, KERESTEŠ JÁN, KRÁLIK GABRIEL, ŽITŇANOVÁ INGRID. Protective effects of black tea extract against oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1839-44. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Meschini R, Filippi S, Molinari R, Costantini L, Bonafaccia G, Merendino N. Pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts prevents DNA damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:574-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1052378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Adeleye Y, Andersen M, Clewell R, Davies M, Dent M, Edwards S, Fowler P, Malcomber S, Nicol B, Scott A, Scott S, Sun B, Westmoreland C, White A, Zhang Q, Carmichael PL. Implementing Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century (TT21C): Making safety decisions using toxicity pathways, and progress in a prototype risk assessment. Toxicology 2015; 332:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Miles SL, McFarland M, Niles RM. Molecular and physiological actions of quercetin: need for clinical trials to assess its benefits in human disease. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:720-34. [PMID: 25323953 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine; Marshall University; Huntington West Virginia USA
| | - Margaret McFarland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine; Marshall University; Huntington West Virginia USA
| | - Richard M Niles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine; Marshall University; Huntington West Virginia USA
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Saw CLL, Guo Y, Yang AY, Paredes-Gonzalez X, Ramirez C, Pung D, Kong ANT. The berry constituents quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene synergistically attenuate reactive oxygen species: involvement of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:303-11. [PMID: 25111660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene are abundant in berries. The anti-oxidative properties of these constituents may contribute to cancer chemoprevention. However, their precise mechanisms of action and their combinatorial effects are not completely understood. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) regulates anti-oxidative stress enzymes and Phase II drug metabolizing/detoxifying enzymes by binding to antioxidant response element (ARE). This study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative stress activities of quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene individually and in combination, as well as the involvement of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene all exhibited strong free-radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay. The MTS assay revealed that low concentration combinations we tested were relatively non-toxic to HepG2-C8 cells. The results of the DCFH-DA assay and combination index (CI) indicated that quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels when pretreated individually and had synergistic effects when used in combination. In addition, the combination treatment significantly induced ARE and increased the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2-regulated genes. Collectively, our study demonstrated that the berry constituents quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene activated the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and exhibited synergistic anti-oxidative stress activity at appropriate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Lay Lay Saw
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anne Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ximena Paredes-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christina Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Douglas Pung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Brown EM, Latimer C, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, McMullan G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Crozier A, Rowland I, Gill CIR. In vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer: antigenotoxic activity of berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3852-3866. [PMID: 24447259 DOI: 10.1021/jf4050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), a common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, has strong associations with diet. There is considerable epidemiological evidence that fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of CRC. This paper reviews the extensive evidence, both from in vitro studies and animal models, that components of berry fruits can modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and that these effects may be potentially chemoprotective, given the likely role that oxidative damage plays in mutation rate and cancer risk. Human intervention trials with berries are generally consistent in indicating a capacity to significantly decrease oxidative damage to DNA, but represent limited evidence for anticarcinogenicity, relying as they do on surrogate risk markers. To understand the effects of berry consumption on colorectal cancer risk, future studies will need to be well controlled, with defined berry extracts, using suitable and clinically relevant end points and considering the importance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, U.K
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Antagonistic interactions of "Ya-Sa-Marn-Phlae" ethanol extract in combination with topical antiseptics against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:867603. [PMID: 24895620 PMCID: PMC4026864 DOI: 10.1155/2014/867603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was aimed at assessing a possible interaction of a traditional Thai herbal recipe, "Ya-Sa-Marn-Phlae (YSMP)," used for wound treatments with topical antiseptics, povidone-iodine (PI) solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and effects of THR-SK010 alone and the combinations on Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts from the herbal recipe were determined against both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). YSMP exhibited remarkable antistaphylococcal activity with MIC values of 3.9-7.8 μg/mL. This recipe possessed bacteriostatic activity and did not reduce the tolerance of both MRSA and MSSA isolates to the high ionic strength. Interaction between THR-SK010 and the antiseptics was carried out by checkerboard testing and time-kill assay. Both indifferent and slightly antagonistic effects were observed with THR-SK010/PI and THR-SK010/H2O2 combinations against the tested isolates. In addition to commercially available antiseptics, THR-SK010 offered additional therapeutic options for the decolonization of MRSA and MSSA. Topical application of plant extracts with antioxidant activity, such as THR-SK010, should not be used immediately with PI or H2O2 and further investigation on this interaction is needed.
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Genetic variation in multiple biologic pathways, flavonoid intake, and breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 25:215-26. [PMID: 24281852 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported an inverse association between flavonoid intake and breast cancer incidence, which has been confirmed by others, but no studies have considered simultaneously potential interactions of flavonoids with multiple genetic polymorphisms involved in biologically relevant pathways (oxidative stress, carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and one-carbon metabolism). METHODS To estimate interaction effects between flavonoids and 13 polymorphisms in these four pathways on breast cancer risk, we used population-based data (n = 875 cases and 903 controls) and several statistical approaches, including conventional logistic regression and semi-Bayesian hierarchical modeling (incorporating prior information on the possible biologic functions of genes), which also provides biologic pathway-specific effect estimates. RESULTS Compared to the standard multivariate model, the results from the hierarchical model indicate that gene-by-flavonoid interaction estimates are attenuated, but more precise. In the hierarchical model, the average effect of the deleterious versus beneficial gene, controlling for average flavonoid intake in the DNA repair pathway, and adjusted for the three other biologically relevant pathways (oxidative stress, carcinogen metabolism, and one-carbon metabolism), resulted in a 27 % increase risk for breast cancer [odds ratio = 1.27; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.70, 2.29]. However, the CI was wide. CONCLUSIONS Based on results from the semi-Bayesian model, breast cancer risk may be influenced jointly by flavonoid intake and genes involved in DNA repair, but our findings require confirmation.
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Liu G, Ge Z, Zhao M, Zhou Y. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activities of novel aliphatic amino-substituted flavonoids. Molecules 2013; 18:14070-84. [PMID: 24232740 PMCID: PMC6270462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of flavonoids 9a-f, 13b, 13d, 13e and 14a-f bearing diverse aliphatic amino moieties were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the ECA-109, A-549, HL-60, and PC-3 cancer cell lines. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good activities. The structure-activity relationships were studied, revealing that the chalcone skeleton is the most preferable for cytotoxic activities. Chalcone 9d was the most promising compound due to its high potency against the examined cancer cell lines (its IC₅₀ values against ECA-109, A549, HL-60 and PC-3 cells were 1.0, 1.5, 0.96 and 3.9 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- Hangzhou Hertz Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; E-Mail:
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang L, Lokeshwar BL. Medicinal properties of the Jamaican pepper plant Pimenta dioica and Allspice. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 13:1900-6. [PMID: 23140298 DOI: 10.2174/138945012804545641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean tropical tree, Pimenta dioica has been used for a variety of human endeavors, such as in perfumery industry, food spice, as a natural pesticide, and in folk medicine. Discovered in Jamaica during the voyages of Christopher Columbus, the dried unripe berries of P. dioica also known as Allspice can be found in all continents with unique names in over 50 languages. Systematic investigation of aromatic constituents of Pimenta leaves and its unripe berries, Allspice, have resulted in discovery of many and novel aromatic compounds, mostly glycosides and polyphenols that show antibacterial, hypotensive, anti-neuralgic and analgesic properties. Recent studies have shown two of the known compounds isolated from Allspice, Eugenol and Gallic acid have selective antiproliferative and anti-tumor properties on human cancer cells and their animal models. New characterization of novel compounds such as Ericifolin from the aqueous extract of Allspice berries show potent anti-prostate cancer and anti-breast cancer properties that can be verified in vitro as well as in vivo. Considering its purity, mostly available as "organically grown" berries, availability at low cost, wide acceptance in culinary delights of many cultures world-wide, Allspice may have an additional space in most households, in their medicine cabinets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL33136, USA
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40
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Water extracts of tree Hypericum sps. protect DNA from oxidative and alkylating damage and enhance DNA repair in colon cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xue Y, Zhai Y, Zhou K, Wang L, Tan H, Luan Q, Yao X. The Vital Role of Buffer Anions in the Antioxidant Activity of CeO2Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2012; 18:11115-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Baumeister P, Reiter M, Harréus U. Curcumin and other polyphenolic compounds in head and neck cancer chemoprevention. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:902716. [PMID: 22690273 PMCID: PMC3368521 DOI: 10.1155/2012/902716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite clear results of observational studies linking a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to a decreased cancer risk, large interventional trials evaluating the impact of dietary micronutrient supplementation, mostly vitamins, could not show any beneficial effects. Today it has become clear that a single micronutrient, given in supernutritional doses, cannot match cancer preventive effects of whole fruits and vegetables. In this regard polyphenols came into focus, not only because of their antioxidant potential but also because of their ability to interact with molecular targets within the cells. Because polyphenols occur in many foods and beverages in high concentration and evidence for their anticancer activity is best for tissues they can come into direct contact with, field cancerization predestines upper aerodigestive tract epithelium for cancer chemoprevention by polyphenols. In this paper, we summarize cancer chemopreventive attempts with emphasis on head and neck carcinogenesis and discuss some methodological issues. We present data regarding antimutagenic effects of curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human oropharyngeal mucosa cultures exposed to cigarette smoke condensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Protective effects of extracts and flavonoids isolated from Scutia buxifolia Reissek against chromosome damage in human lymphocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Molecules 2012; 17:5757-69. [PMID: 22628047 PMCID: PMC6268969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are claimed to protect against cardiovascular disease, certain forms of cancer and ageing, possibly by preventing initial DNA damage. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction and flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin and rutin) isolated from the leaves from Scutia buxifolia against chromosome damage induced by H2O2 in human lymphocytes by analyzing cellular growth rate, cell viability, mitotic index and chromosomal instability. We found a differential response among the compounds tested, with the ethyl acetate fraction being more effective than the crude extract, a difference perhaps related to the presence of the antioxidants identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD. In general, quercetin, isoquercitrin and rutin recovered the mitotic index and chromosomal instability more than quercitrin after treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
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Collins AR, Azqueta A, Langie SAS. Effects of micronutrients on DNA repair. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51:261-79. [PMID: 22362552 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair is an essential cellular function, which, by removing DNA damage before it can cause mutations, contributes crucially to the prevention of cancer. Interest in the influence of micronutrients on DNA repair activity is prompted by the possibility that the protective effects of fruits and vegetables might thus be explained. Two approaches to measuring repair-monitoring cellular removal of DNA damage and incubating cell extract with specifically damaged DNA in an in vitro assay-have been applied in cell culture, whole animal studies, and human trials. In addition, there are numerous investigations at the level of expression of DNA repair-related genes. RESULTS Depending on the pathway studied and the phytochemical or food tested, there are varied reports of stimulation, inhibition or no effect on DNA repair. The clearest findings are from human supplementation trials in which lymphocytes are assessed for their repair capacity ex vivo. Studying cellular repair of strand breaks is complicated by the fact that lymphocytes appear to repair them very slowly. Applying the in vitro repair assay to human lymphocytes has revealed stimulatory effects on repair of oxidised bases by various micronutrients or a fruit- and vegetable-rich diet, while other studies have failed to demonstrate effects. CONCLUSIONS Despite varied results from different studies, it seems clear that micronutrients can influence DNA repair, usually but not always enhancing activity. Different modes of DNA repair are likely to be subject to different regulatory mechanisms. Measures of gene expression tend to be a poor guide to repair activity, and there is no substitute for phenotypic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PB 1046, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Huang S, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Wu Y, Wu P, Liu T, Yang B, Hu Y, Dong X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-benzylideneflavanone derivatives as cytotoxic agents. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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El Mesallamy HO, Metwally NS, Soliman MS, Ahmed KA, Abdel Moaty MM. The chemopreventive effect of Ginkgo biloba and Silybum marianum extracts on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:38. [PMID: 22040519 PMCID: PMC3225333 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective This study was designed to evaluate the potential chemopreventive activities of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and Silybum marianum extract (silymarin) against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in rats. Methods Rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 served as normal control rats. Group 2 animals were intragastrically administrated NDEA at a dose of 10 mg/kg five times a week for 12 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Groups 3 and 4 animals were pretreated with silymarin and EGb respectively. Groups 5 and 6 animals were posttreated with silymarin and EGb respectively. The investigated parameters in serum are alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The investigated parameters in liver tissue are malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and comet assay parameters. Results In NDEA group, MDA level was elevated with subsequent decrease in GSH level and SOD, GPx and GR activities. In addition, NDEA group revealed a significant increase in serum ALT, AST and GGT activities and VEGF level. Furthermore, NDEA administrated animals showed a marked increase in comet assay parameters. These biochemical alterations induced by NDEA were confirmed by the histopathological examination of rat livers intoxicated with NDEA that showed an obvious cellular damage and well differentiated HCC. In contrast, silymarin+NDEA treated groups (3&5) and EGb+NDEA treated groups (4&6) showed a significant decrease in MDA level and a significant increase in GSH content and SOD, GPx and GR activities compared to NDEA group. Silymarin and EGb also beneficially down-regulated the increase in serum ALT, AST, GGT activities and VEGF level induced by NDEA. In addition, silymarin and EGb significantly decreased comet assay parameters. Histopathological examination of rat livers treated with either silymarin or EGb exhibited an improvement in the liver architecture compared to NDEA group. Conclusions The obtained findings suggested that silymarin and EGb may have beneficial chemopreventive roles against hepatocarcinogenesis through their antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antigenotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala O El Mesallamy
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Tahrir st,, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Kabadere S, Oztopcu-Vatan P, Uyar R, Durmaz R. Quercetin both partially attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity and decreases viability of rat glial cells. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:221-7. [PMID: 21840824 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most ubiquitous flavonoids in foods of plant origin. Although quercetin is generally considered to provide protection against oxidative injury, recent studies have shown to be cytotoxic to many cell types. We intended here to determine whether quercetin protects against H2O2-induced toxicity and/or affects viability of rat mixed glial cells. The cells were obtained from 1-3 day olds rat brains and incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, at 37 °C in flasks. In the quercetin groups, different quercetin concentrations (1, 10, 50, 75 or 100 μM) were applied alone for 24 h. For H2O2 cytotoxicity group, the glial cells were treated for 3 h with 100 μM H2O2 which induced 75% cell death. In another group, the cells were treated with 100 μM H2O2 plus respective quercetin concentrations simultaneously for 3 h, the medium was removed and refed for 24 h. MTT test was then applied and statistical significance was ascertained by one way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Quercetin starting from 50 μM decreased the glia survival significantly. In H2O2 plus quercetin co-treated groups, both 75 and 100 μM quercetin attenuated toxic effect of H2O2 by 15%. In conclusion, quercetin both partially protects H2O2-induced gliotoxicity and decreases rat glial cell viability in primary culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Kabadere
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Department of Physiology Meselik, Eskisehir Turkey
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Mattarei A, Sassi N, Durante C, Biasutto L, Sandonà G, Marotta E, Garbisa S, Gennaro A, Paradisi C, Zoratti M. Redox Properties and Cytotoxicity of Synthetic Isomeric Mitochondriotropic Derivatives of the Natural Polyphenol Quercetin. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vargas AJ, Burd R. Hormesis and synergy: pathways and mechanisms of quercetin in cancer prevention and management. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:418-28. [PMID: 20591109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a unique dietary polyphenol because it can exert biphasic dose-responses on cells depending on its concentration. Cancer preventative effects of quercetin are observed at concentrations of approximately 1-40 microM and are likely mediated by quercetin's antioxidant properties. Pro-oxidant effects are present at cellular concentrations of 40-100 microM. However, at higher concentrations, many novel pathways in addition to ROS contribute to its effects. The potent bioactivity of quercetin has led to vigorous study of this compound and revealed numerous pathways that could interact synergistically to prevent or treat cancer. The effect of intake and concentration on emerging pathways and how they may interact are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Vargas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Park JH, Park E. Influence of iron-overload on DNA damage and its repair in human leukocytes in vitro. Mutat Res 2010; 718:56-61. [PMID: 20974287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an important element that modulates the production of reactive oxygen species, which are thought to play a causative role in biological processes such as mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The potential genotoxicity of dietary iron has been seldom studied in human leukocyte and only few reports have investigated in human colon tumor cells. Therefore, DNA damage and repair capacity of human leukocytes were examined using comet assay for screening the potential toxicity of various iron-overloads such as ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), FeSO(4), hemoglobin and myoglobin, and compared with 200μM of H(2)O(2) and HNE. The iron-overloads tested were not cytotoxic in the range of 10-1000 microM by trypan blue exclusion assay. The exposure of leukocytes to Fe-NTA (500 and 1000 microM), FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) for 30 min induced significantly higher DNA damage than NC. Treatment with 500 and 1000 microM of Fe-NTA showed a similar genotoxic effect to H(2)O(2), and a significant higher genotoxic effect than HNE. The genotoxicity of FeSO(4) (250-1000 microM), hemoglobin (10 microM) and myoglobin (250 microM) was not significantly different from that of H(2)O(2) and HNE. Iron-overloads generated DNA strand break were rejoined from the first 1h. Their genotoxic effect was not observed at 24h. These data from this study provide additional information on the genotoxicity of iron-overloads and self-repair capacity in human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, 449 Wolyoung-dong, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon-si, 631-701 Masan, South Korea
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