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Alves F, Andrada HE, Fico BA, Reinaldi JS, Tavares DC, Squarisi IS, Montanha GS, Nuevo LG, de Carvalho HWP, Pérez CA, Molina EF. Facilitating Seed Iron Uptake through Amine-Epoxide Microgels: A Novel Approach to Enhance Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus) Germination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14570-14580. [PMID: 38887997 PMCID: PMC11229000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the initial stages of plant growth by using polymeric gels for seed priming presents a significant challenge. This study aimed to investigate a microgel derived from polyetheramine-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and a bisepoxide (referred to as micro-PPO) as a promising alternative to optimize the seed germination process. The micro-PPO integrated with an iron micronutrient showed a positive impact on seed germination compared with control (Fe solutions) in which the root length yield improved up to 39%. Therefore, the element map by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence shows that the Fe intensities in the seed primers with the micro-PPO-Fe gel are about 3-fold higher than those in the control group, leading to a gradual distribution of Fe species through most internal embryo tissues. The use of micro-PPO for seed priming underscores their potential for industrial applications due to the nontoxicity results in zebrafish assays and environmentally friendly synthesis of the water-dispersible monomers employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe
B. Alves
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Heber E. Andrada
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Bruno A. Fico
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Julia S. Reinaldi
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Tavares
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Iara S. Squarisi
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sgarbiero Montanha
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Via dei Sardi 70, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Laura G. Nuevo
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Hudson W. P. de Carvalho
- Grupo
de Estudo em Fertilizantes Especiais e Nutrição, Centro
de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade
de São Paulo, Av.Centerário 303, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil
- Chair
of Soil Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic
University, Lot 660, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Carlos A. Pérez
- Brazilian
Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian
Centre for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, 13083-1000 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Molina
- Universidade
de Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
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Chiejina CO, Ikeh IM, Enebe FA, Aguzie IO, Ajima MNO, Ali D, Kumar G, Nwani CD. Effects of haloperidol on peripheral erythrocytes and brain neurotransmitter levels of juvenile African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:238-247. [PMID: 37501608 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effects of haloperidol on peripheral erythrocytes and brain neurotransmitter levels of juvenile African Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus. METHODS Juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of haloperidol (0.12, 0.24, and 0.48 mg/L) for 15 days and subsequently withdrawn from the drug for 5 days. Blood samples from the fish on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 and after the 5-day withdrawal period were analyzed for mutagenic changes, after which the fish were sacrificed. The brain was sampled for serotonergic and dopaminergic analyses. RESULT There was formation of micronuclei in the peripheral fish blood, which increased as the duration and concentrations of the drug increased. The drug significantly reduced the serotonin activity but increased dopamine activity. Some of the studied parameters, however, recovered from the effects of the drug after the 5-day withdrawal period. CONCLUSION Haloperidol is toxic to fish, and its use in the environment should be guarded to avoid adverse impacts on nontarget species like fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike Obinna Chiejina
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Florence A Enebe
- Department of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Evaluation of acute toxicity of carbosulfan and its sub-lethal effects on protein patterns of Cyprinus carpio (L.) using SDS-PAGE. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Khan S, Qayoom I, Balkhi MH, Abubakr A, Rashid S, Alsaffar RM, Rehman MU. Behavioural incongruities in juvenile Cyprinus carpio exposed to organophosphate compounds. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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5
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Benedetti M, Romano E, Ausili A, Fattorini D, Gorbi S, Maggi C, Salmeri A, Salvagio Manta D, Sesta G, Sprovieri M, Regoli F. 10-year time course of Hg and organic compounds in Augusta Bay: Bioavailability and biological effects in marine organisms. Front Public Health 2022; 10:968296. [PMID: 36211646 PMCID: PMC9532743 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.968296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last century, many Mediterranean coastal areas have been subjected to anthropogenic disturbances from industrial activities, uncontrolled landfills, shipyards, and high maritime traffic. The Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily, Italy) represents an example of a strongly impacted coastal environment with an elevated level of sediments contamination due to the presence of one of the largest European petrochemical plants, combined with an extensive commercial and military harbor. The most significant contaminants were represented by mercury (Hg) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), derived from a former chlor-alkali plant, and other organic compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Since the 1970s, Augusta Bay has become internationally recognized as a contaminated marine environment, although very little information is available regarding the temporal trend of contaminants bioavailability and biological impacts on aquatic organisms. In this study, the Hg and HCB concentrations were investigated over 10 years (from 2003 to 2013) in sediments and invertebrate and vertebrate organisms; these two contaminants' ecotoxicity was further evaluated at a biochemical and cellular level by analyzing the induction of organic biotransformation processes and DNA damages. The results showed high concentrations of Hg and HCB in sediments and their strong bioaccumulation in different species with significantly higher values than those measured in reference sites. This trend was paralleled by increased micronuclei frequency (DNA damage biomarker) and activity of the biotransformation system. While levels of chemicals in sediments remained elevated during the time course, their bioavailability and biological effects showed a gradual decrease after 2003, when the chlor-alkali plant was closed. Environmental persistence of Hg and HCB availability facilitates their bioaccumulation and affects the health status of marine organisms, with possible implications for environmental risk, pollutants transfer, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Benedetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy,CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Romano
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Elena Romano
| | - Antonella Ausili
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy,CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Maggi
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmeri
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvagio Manta
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council, Trapani, Italy
| | - Giulio Sesta
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council, Trapani, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy,CoNISMa, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
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Bassó A, Devin S, Peltzer PM, Attademo AM, Lajmanovich RC. The integrated biomarker response in three anuran species larvae at sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, and glufosinate-ammonium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:687-696. [PMID: 35852372 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2099197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response in larvae of the anuran species Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella dorbignyi and Odontophrynus americanus exposed to glyphosate (GLY, 2.5 mg L-1), cypermethrin (CYP, 0.013 mg L-1), chlorpyrifos (CP, 0.1 mg L-1) and glufosinate-ammonium (GLU, 15 mg L-1) using two behavioral endpoints: mean speed (MS) and total distance moved (TD); and two enzymatic biomarkers: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In order to assess a global response and to determine the most sensitive species, an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was calculated. Behavioral biomarkers were tested at 1 and 60 min, and the enzymes at 60 min after exposure. The results showed that: (1) there were statistical differences between species in a series of responses in swimming behavior, and cholinesterase activities within the first-hour of exposure to CYP, GLY, and CP at environmentally relevant concentrations (ERC); (2) IBR determined that Rhinella species were the most sensitive of the species tested and (3) IBR provided a comprehensive assessment of the health status of species exposed to ERC of a wide variety of agrochemicals globally and frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bassó
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Simon Devin
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Littoral (FBCB UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Ascoli-Morrete T, Bandeira NMG, Signor E, Gazola HA, Homrich IS, Biondo R, Rossato-Grando LG, Zanella N. Bioaccumulation of pesticides and genotoxicity in anurans from southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45549-45559. [PMID: 35147872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of agricultural activities causes habitat loss and fragmentation and the pollution of natural ecosystems through the intense use of pesticides, which may affect the populations of amphibian anurans that inhabit agricultural areas. The present study evaluated the in situ bioaccumulation of pesticides in a population of Leptodactylus luctator that occupies farmland in southern Brazil. We also compared the genotoxicity of L. luctator populations from farmland and forested areas in the same region. We analyzed the micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities of 34 adult anurans, 19 from farmland, and 15 from the forested area. We also assessed the presence of 32 pesticides in liver samples obtained from 18 farmland-dwelling anurans, using chromatographic analysis. We recorded significantly higher rates of nuclear abnormalities in the individuals from the farmland, in comparison with the forest. We detected nine pesticides in the liver samples, of which, deltamethrin was the most common and carbosulfan was recorded at the highest concentrations. The bioaccumulation of pesticides and the higher levels of genotoxic damage found in the anurans from agricultural areas, as observed in the present study, represent a major potential problem for the conservation of these vertebrates, including the decline of their populations and the extinction of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ascoli-Morrete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nelson M G Bandeira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentação (CEPA), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Elias Signor
- Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentação (CEPA), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Humberto A Gazola
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Isis S Homrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rhaíssa Biondo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana G Rossato-Grando
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Noeli Zanella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Study of Ultrastructural Abnormalities in the Renal Cells of Cyprinus carpio Induced by Toxicants. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040177. [PMID: 35448438 PMCID: PMC9027223 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) assessments were performed on the renal cells of common carp Cyprinus carpio to observe the deleterious effects of two organophosphate insecticides, Phorate and Dimethoate. Pesticides such as Phorate and Dimethoate often pollute aquatic systems where they may negatively impact fish, but so far, the ultrastructural toxicity of these pesticides remains poorly understood. Here, we use Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to determine how acute exposure to sublethal concentrations of these two pesticides may affect the renal cells of common carp Cyprinus carpio. For each insecticide, the fish were divided in four experimental conditions: a control and three different exposure concentrations of the pesticide. The Phorate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L for a duration of 24, 48 & 72 h. The dimethoate treated fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of 0.005 mL/L, 0.01 mL/L, 0.015 mL/L for a duration of 24, 48 and 72 h. The two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in the treated fish renal cells when exposed to two toxicants including deformation in the glomerulus, vacuolization of cytoplasm, degenerative nucleus and damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, the ultrastructural abnormalities were more prominent with the increase in the concentrations of both the insecticides and also with their exposure period. Overall, these results provide important baseline data on the ultrastructural toxicity of Phorate and Dimethoate and will allow important follow-up studies to further elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms of pesticide toxicity in wildlife.
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Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Triclosan Induce Cyto-Genotoxicity and Biochemical Alterations in the Hatchlings of Labeo rohita. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotic Triclosan (TCS) is of great concern because of its existence in a variety of personal, household and healthcare products and continuous discharge in water worldwide. Excessive use of TCS-containing sanitizers and antiseptic products during the COVID-19 pandemic further increased its content in aquatic ecosystems. The present study deals with the cyto-genotoxic effects and biochemical alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita on exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS. Three-days-old hatchlings were exposed to tap water, acetone (solvent control) and 4 environmentally relevant concentrations (6.3, 12.6, 25.2 and 60 µg/L) of TCS for 14 days and kept for a recovery period of 10 days. The significant concentration-dependent decline in cell viability but increase in micronucleated cells, nucleo-cellular abnormalities (NCAs) and DNA damage parameters like tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment and percent of tail DNA after exposure persisted till the end of recovery period. Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid and urea (except for an increase at 60 µg/L) showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease after 14 days of exposure. The same trend (except for triglycerides, albumin and total bilirubin) continued till 10 days post exposure. In comparison to control, transaminases (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases) increased (p ≤ 0.05) after exposure as well as the recovery period, while a decline in alkaline phosphatase after exposure was followed by a significant increase during the recovery period. The results show that the environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS cause deleterious effects on the hatchlings of L. rohita.
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10
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Bhanot R, Hundal SS. Assessment of cytotoxicity in gills of fish Labeo rohita reared in untreated and treated sewage water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59306-59316. [PMID: 32914301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unregulated discharge of untreated municipal sewage water to the natural water bodies is a major threat to the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to treated sewage water and 1/10th of LC50 and 1/20th of LC50 of untreated sewage water (UT) obtained from sewage water treatment plant, Ludhiana, India. After determining 96-h LC50 value of UT, fingerlings were divided into four groups: control, treated, 1/10th of LC50 UT and 1/20th of LC50 UT and exposed for a period of 2 months. Our study revealed that 1/10th LC50 UT and 1/20th LC50 UT groups had significant reduction in body weight, total body length, standard body length and gills somatic index in comparison with the control and treated groups. Histopathological alterations in cellular structure of gills such as ruptured primary lamellae, broken secondary lamellae, distorted chloride cells and goblet cells, missing lamellae and disintegrated lamellar epithelium were also observed in 1/10th LC50 UT and 1/20th LC50 UT groups. A significantly high frequency of micronucleated (MN) cells was observed in 1/10th LC50 UT and 1/20th LC50 UT groups along with the presence of binucleated cells (BN), elongated nuclei (EN) and nuclear buds in gill cells. Genotoxic nature of UT was further confirmed from significantly high values of genetic damage index (GDI) and percentage (%) DNA damage in gill cells of fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of UT. The study concluded that untreated sewage water has potential to induce anatomical and physiological defects in gills cells and the severity of toxicity increases with the increase in duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Bhanot
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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11
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Kumar S, Paul T, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Karmakar S, Bera KK, Bhushan Kumar C. Biomarkers-based assessment of triclosan toxicity in aquatic environment: A mechanistic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117569. [PMID: 34438492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), an emergent pollutant, is raising a global concern due to its toxic effects on organisms and aquatic ecosystems. The non-availability of proven treatment technologies for TCS remediation is the central issue stressing thorough research on understanding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and assessing vital biomarkers in the aquatic organism for practical monitoring purposes. Given the unprecedented circumstances during COVID 19 pandemic, a several-fold higher discharge of TCS in the aquatic ecosystems cannot be considered a remote possibility. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers for assessing chronic effects of TCS are prerequisites for addressing the issues related to its ecological impact and its monitoring in the future. It is the first holistic review on highlighting the biomarkers of TCS toxicity based on a comprehensive review of available literature about the biomarkers related to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, hematological, alterations of gene expression, and metabolic profiling. This review establishes that biomarkers at the subcellular level such as oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neurotoxicity, and metabolic enzymes can be used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TCS in future investigations. Micronuclei frequency and % DNA damage proved to be reliable biomarkers for genotoxic effects of TCS in fishes and other aquatic organisms. Alteration of gene expression and metabolic profiling in different organs provides a better insight into mechanisms underlying the biocide's toxicity. In the concluding part of the review, the present status of knowledge about mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of TCS and its relevance in understanding the toxicity is also discussed referring to the relevant reports on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Tapas Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - S P Shukla
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sutanu Karmakar
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuntal Krishna Bera
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Droma D, Kumar S, Paul T, Pal P, Saharan N, Kumar K, Poojary N. Biomarkers for assessing chronic toxicity of carbamazepine, an anticonvulsants drug on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103691. [PMID: 34153508 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, carbamazepine (CBZ) as an anticonvulsants drug has raised attention because of its safety concern in the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of CBZ (1%, 0.1 % and 0.01 % of 96 h LC50) on P. hypophthalmus for 60 days based on haematological, biochemical, and genotoxicity biomarkers. Chronic exposure of CBZ altered blood profiles (total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum biomarkers such as alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase enzymes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also substantially affected in all treatments. Genotoxicity study revealed the formation of micronucleus in erythrocytes of exposed fish. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) study showed cholesterol, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in serum and SOD, CAT in liver tissue are the best organ-based enzyme biomarkers. The present report concludes that an environmentally realistic concentration of CBZ can pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawa Droma
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Tapas Paul
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Neelam Saharan
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Mehra S, Chadha P. Naphthalene-2-sulfonate induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus using comet assay, micronucleus assay and ATIR-FTIR approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129147. [PMID: 33302202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present inquisition was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxicity of naphthalene-2-sulfonate (2NS), a sulfonated aromatic compound and a momentous intermediate involved in the synthesis of dyes and surfactants, in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. After LC50 determination, two sublethal concentrations i.e. 2.38 g/15 g b.w. (1/4 of LC50) and 4.77 g/15 g b.w. (1/2 of LC50) were selected for studying acute exposure. For evaluating sub chronic exposure 1/10th (0.238 g/L) and 1/20th (0.119 g/L) of safe application rate (SAR) were reckoned. Blood samples were collected after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure period to study acute effect, and after 30 and 60 days exposure period for sub-chronic effect. Symbolic elevation in time and dose dependent DNA damage was observed by comet assay as well as micronucleus test revealing maximum damage after 60 days of exposure. After cessation of exposure to 2NS, evident recovery was observed after 30 days. Along with comet assay and micronucleus test, spectroscopic evaluation of DNA damage was also noted using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). The biomolecular range (800 cm-1 - 1800cm-1) in lyophilized red blood cell's extracted from 60 days exposed as well as control group exhibit significant alterations in their nucleic acid indicated through multivariate analysis i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Further structural analysis of erythrocytes in maximally damaged group using Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed. Thus the study proposed the genotoxic impact of 2NS which is further supported by other toxicity markers like ATR-FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Mehra
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Oluah NS, Aguzie IO, Ekechukwu NE, Madu JC, Ngene CI, Oluah C. Hematological and immunological responses in the African catfish Clarias gairepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of herbicide Ronstar®. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110824. [PMID: 32544747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of sublethal concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg L-1) of the herbicide Ronstar on the hematology and some immune parameters in Clarias gariepinus juvenile (mean weight and length 58.72 ± 2.46 g and 27.60 ± 1.62 cm, respectively). The hematological and some immune parameters were studied for 21 days in a static renewal bioassay system in which the water and the herbicide were changed daily. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treatment groups. When compared with the control, there were significant (p < 0.05) leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutropenia and monocytopenia in the treatment groups. Both the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were reduced ((p < 0.05) in the Ronstar-exposed fish. The result showed that the treated fish suffered hypochromic microcytic anemia. The total immunoglobulin and phagocytic indices (phagocytic capacity and phagocytic index) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treatment groups. while the respiratory burst was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the treatment groups. The result showed that exposure to Ronstar had adverse effects on the hematology and immunocompetency of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndubuisi Stanley Oluah
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Esther Ekechukwu
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Josephine Chinenye Madu
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu Innocent Ngene
- Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Aquaculture and Marine Science Programme, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chidinma Oluah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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SHARMA MADHU, CHADHA POOJA, SHARMA PARDEEP. DNA alterations in blood cells of Channa punctatus after acute exposure to 4-Nonylphenol. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i3.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damaging effect of 4-nonylphenol was evaluated in blood cells of fish Channa punctatus by using single gel electrophoresis assay (SGEA). Fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations (0.15 mg/l, 0.31 mg/l and 0.63 mg/l) of 4-NP which were calculated after LC50 determination. Exposure was given for 96 hours and blood sampling was done after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Tail moment (TM), tail intensity (TI), tail length (TL) and olive tail moment (OTM) were used as parameters for assessing DNA damage. Comet assay results indicated significant DNA fragmentation in blood cells of C. punctatus as a significant increase in the values of all parameters was observed when exposured to different concentrations of 4- NP. Highest damage was observed at 24 h of exposure followed by a decrease in value at 48 and 72 h while at 96 h of exposure increase in the value of all the parameters were observed. On the other hand, after exposure to different concentrations highest damage was seen after treatment with 0.31 mg/l of NP. Owing to the results, the blood cells of C. punctatus show great sensitivity for 4-NP and can be used as bio-indicator for genotoxicity testing.
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Paul T, Kumar S, Shukla SP, Pal P, Kumar K, Poojary N, Biswal A, Mishra A. A multi-biomarker approach using integrated biomarker response to assess the effect of pH on triclosan toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114001. [PMID: 32041020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of biomarkers is an effective approach for a better understanding of varying toxicity in aquatic organisms during the seasonal and diurnal changes in the natural environment. This report describes the toxicity of sub-lethal concentrations of triclosan (TCS) at different pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) based on selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress, metabolism and genotoxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The 96 h LC50 of TCS for P. hypophthalmus was lower at pH 6.5 when compared to higher pH. The sub-lethal concentration of TCS exhibited a significant decrease in hematological parameters related to complete blood counts except for total leukocyte count (TLC), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW). Multivariate data analysis showed a significant interaction of TCS and pH in metabolizing enzymes like glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). A significant increase in DNA damage and micronuclei frequency in liver and blood cells of TCS exposed fish at pH 6.5 indicate that the TCS exposure has pronounced effects on genetic materials. The findings of present study establish that enzymes like SOD, LDH, GOT, AChE, DNA damage and micronuclei frequency can be successfully deployed as biomarkers for the assessment of toxicity of TCS in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - S P Shukla
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Abhilipsa Biswal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Paul T, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Poojary N, Kumar S. Effect of temperature on triclosan toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878): Hematology, biochemistry and genotoxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:104-114. [PMID: 30852190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rising level of triclosan (TCS) in aquatic environment is raising concerns and in this context, evaluation of toxicity towards aquatic organisms under varying environmental conditions, especially temperature, is a pre-requisite for a better understanding of the toxic effects on specific metabolic processes. In this report, the mechanistic physiological responses of fish towards varying concentration of TCS at graded temperature were evaluated. The static renewal acute test was performed, and 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of TCS for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was estimated and the values were 848.33, 1181.94 and 1356.96 μg L-1 at 25, 30 and 35 °C respectively. The chronic study was performed for 30 days at 1/5th and 1/10th concentration of the estimated LC50 of TCS at 25, 30 and 35 °C respectively. The chronic effects resulted in significant decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell volume (MCV), while a significant increase in total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW) was observed in TCS exposed groups at 25-35 °C. Further, a significant increase in activity of transaminase enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase) (SOD) and catalase (CAT) except glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain of the TCS exposed fish was recorded in all the above temperature range. Severe damage of DNA in nucleus of blood and liver cells, and high micronuclei frequency (MNi) was noticed in TCS exposed groups at 25 °C. The report provides convincing evidence for the effect of temperature on TCS toxicity. The findings will help in gaining a better insight into the change in toxicity of TCS in a natural environment where diurnal variations in temperature may be crucial in determining the overall extent of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Paul
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - S P Shukla
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai 400061, India.
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18
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Osman A, Hamed M, Sayed A. Protective role of Spirulina platensis against UVA-induced haemato-biochemical and cellular alterations in Clarias gariepinus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 191:59-64. [PMID: 30583267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become widely recognized that ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure is harmful for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Many studies have reported the effects of UVA on aquatic animals, especially fish, but little is known about the antioxidant role of microalgae in ameliorating the negative effects of UVA exposure. Recently, there has been great interest in using Spirulina platensis (SP) as a dietary antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective role of SP against UVA-induced effects by analysing haemato-biochemical alterations and erythrocyte cytotoxic and genotoxic biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed to UVA, UVA + 100 mg/L SP extract, UVA + 200 mg/L SP extract for 3 days (UVA exposure: 1 h/day), and were not subjected to treatment (control group). The results showed the presence of some morphological malformations in red blood cells (RBCs) after UVA exposure. Additionally, nuclear abnormalities, including micronuclei, were observed. UVA induced alterations in most of the haemato-biochemical indices. Adding SP to the fish aquaria restored the haemato-biochemical parameters to their control values. In addition, SP repaired cellular damage in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that SP plays a modulatory role in preventing and/or repairing the haemotoxic effects induced by UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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19
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Acute toxicity and behavioural responses in Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) exposed to herbicide pretilachlor. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01090. [PMID: 30603718 PMCID: PMC6307036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretilachlor is a systemic herbicide belonging to chloroacetamide group which is being used in rice fields for the control of annual weeds. The acute toxicity bioassay of pretilachlor was carried out by probit analysis method and the safe level was estimated by multiplying the 96 h LC50 with different application factors. The 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values were obtained as 11.12, 9.55, 8.57, 7.11 and 5.84 mg L–1 respectively while the safe values found ranges 0.05 to 0.58 mg L–1. Buccal movements as well as the number of burst swimming movements in fishes exposed to pretilachlor were found to be increased significantly in response to all concentrations of the herbicides tested. Number of feeding attempts reduced significantly while irregular responses in fishes were observed regarding their attempt to form group after exposure to herbicide. As a whole, exposure of fishes to pretilachlor showed significant effects on all studied behaviours. So it can be concluded that the herbicide pretilachlor is toxic to fishes and its excess use should be avoided.
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Nataraj B, Hemalatha D, Rangasamy B, Maharajan K, Ramesh M. Hepatic oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathological alteration in fresh water fish Labeo rohita exposed to organophosphorus pesticide profenofos. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Forouhar Vajargah M, Hedayati A. Acute Toxicity of Butachlor to Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Sander lucioperca in Vivo Condition. TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/trser-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Herbicides are used to control weeds and are usually targeted to sites that are specific to plants. Butachlor is an herbicide of the acetanilide class, which is widely used in agricultural fields. At the present study, lethal concentration (LC50) of butachlor was calculated for Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Sander lucioperca with a mean weight of 4 ± 1 g (mean ± SD). Our results indicated that LC50 96 h butachlor for R. rutilus caspicus and S. lucioperca were 0.342 and 0.760 ppm respectively. These findings suggest that butachlor is moderately toxic and moderately irritating for these two species. Clinical symptoms included irregular protrusion of the eyes and irregular swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah
- Guilan University , Faculty of Natural Resources , Guilan, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , P. O. Box 816, IR-68536-65263
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , Faculty of Fisheries and Environment , Basij Square, Daneshgah Boulevard, Gorgan, Iran (Islamic Republic of) , P. O. Box 219, IR-49316-15581
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22
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Qin Y, Li X, Xiang Y, Wu D, Bai L, Li Z, Liang Y. Toxic effects of glyphosate on diploid and triploid fin cell lines from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:356-364. [PMID: 28415036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the toxic effects of glyphosate on diploid (DIMF) and triploid (TRMF) fin cell lines from the Oriental Weather Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The LC50 values of glyphosate estimated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were 315.34 and 371.77 mg/L for DIMF and TRMF, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in DIMF and TRMF cells gradually increased and then decreased with increasing glyphosate concentrations, reaching a maximum at 240 mg/L glyphosate. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in DIMF and TRMF decreased with increasing concentrations of glyphosate in a concentration-dependent manner. SOD and AChE activities were generally significantly higher in TRMF compared with DIMF cells (P < 0.05). The rates of micronucleus and abnormal nuclei were significantly higher in DIMF and TRMF groups treated with 80-560 mg/L glyphosate compared with the control groups (P < 0.01). The highest micronuclei rates in both DIMF and TRMF cells (both 4.30‰) occurred at 400 mg/L glyphosate. There were no differences in the rates of micronuclei and abnormal nuclei between DIMF and TRMF cells at any glyphosate concentration. Cell damage, including chromatin condensation, nucleus distortion, and broken and reduced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and ribosomes, were found in both cells treated with the LC50 concentration of glyphosate. Moreover, vacuolization and apoptotic bodies occurred in glyphosate-exposed DIMF and TRMF cells, indicating apoptosis. These results indicate that glyphosate in the range of tested concentrations represent a potential risk to loach through inhibiting proliferation of diploid and triploid cell lines and induces micronuclei and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Agriculture Ministry, PRC, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Kalita MK, Haloi K, Devi D. Cypermethrin Formulation (Ustad-10 EC) Induces Genotoxicity via Apoptosis, Affects Nutritional Physiology, and Modulates Immune Response in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1010-1024. [PMID: 28369445 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with high insecticidal activity, low mammalian toxicity, and biodegradability. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the secondary toxic effects of a commercial formulation of cypermethrin on silkworm Philosamia ricini Hutt of Northeast India. The potential genotoxicity of cypermethrin on silkworm hemocyte was examined by comet assay, caspase activation, and annexin V affinity assay. Alteration in nutritional physiology and histoarchitecture of the gut region was evaluated. Additionally, immunotoxicological effect of cypermethrin was studied by phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme assay, and abundance of circulating hemocytes. The LC50 value at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h exposure period was recorded as 185.96, 105.34, 72.42, and 58.41 µg/liter, respectively. Approximately sevenfold increase in mean comet tail length was observed at 24 h posttreatment with sublethal concentrations of cypermethrin. Cypermethrin also induced apoptosis and activated caspase reaction in silkworm hemocytes. Moreover, a significant decrease in digestive enzyme activity was observed at higher concentrations of cypermethrin. In cypermethrin-exposed groups, alteration in histoarchitecture was also observed in the form of ruptured microvilli and thin, deformed, fused mucous layer. The PO enzyme and lysozyme enzyme activity was also altered with sublethal concentration of cypermethrin. Total hemocyte count was reduced to 10587.10, 10052.30, 9234.30, and 8842.60 per mm3 with 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/liter, respectively. The results offer new insights into the negative consequences of very low concentrations of cypermethrin formulations on nonmulberry silkworm of Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Kankana Kalita
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Kishor Haloi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India (; ; )
| | - Dipali Devi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, India ( ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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24
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Sharma M, Chadha P. Widely used non-ionic surfactant 4-nonylphenol: showing genotoxic effects in various tissues of Channa punctatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11331-11339. [PMID: 28303538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the intertissue differences in genotoxicity induction in the fish, Channa punctatus, in response to 4-nonylphenol. The lethal concentration of 50 (LC50) was estimated using a semi-static system. Fish were subjected to three sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (NP) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Liver, gill, and kidney tissues were analyzed, and the genotoxicity was estimated using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNCs), binucleated cells (BNCs), aberrant cells, and tail moment (TM) increased significantly. The time for maximum induction of genotoxicity for all the parameters considered in the micronucleus assay was 72 h of exposure, whereas the TM was highest at 24 h of exposure followed by a decline. The gill and liver showed higher genotoxicity than kidney tissue demonstrating organ-specific susceptibilities to NP in fish C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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25
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Ismail M, Ali R, Shahid M, Khan MA, Zubair M, Ali T, Mahmood Khan Q. Genotoxic and hematological effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:22-26. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1280047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Rahat Ali
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Tayyaba Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Mahmood Khan
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan,
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Kalita MK, Haloi K, Devi D. Larval Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Affects Nutritional Physiology and Induces Genotoxicity in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Front Physiol 2016; 7:535. [PMID: 27895594 PMCID: PMC5108804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is a most widely used organophosphate insecticide because of its cost effectiveness and degradable nature. However, this pesticide enters and contaminates the environment either by direct application, spray drifts or crop run off and shows adverse effect on the non-targeted organisms. Philosamia ricini (eri silkworm), one of the most exploited, domesticated and commercialized non mulberry silkworm is known for mass production of eri silk. The silkworm larvae get exposed to pesticide residues on the leaves of food plants. The present study investigates the effect of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos (Pyrifos-20 EC) on eri silkworm. Initially the LC50 value of chlorpyrifos was determined at 24-96 h and further experiments were carried out with sub lethal concentrations of the chlorpyrifos after 24 h of exposure period. The potential toxicity of chlorpyrifos was evaluated as a fuction of metabolism and nutritional physiology in 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae. Alteration in histoarchitecture of 5th instar eri silkworm gut exposed to sub lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos formulation was also studied. Chlorpyrifos induced genotoxicity in silkworm hemocytes was also investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis, micronuclei assay, and apoptosis assay. Herein, LC50 values of chlorpyrifos were calculated as 3.83, 3.35, 2.68, and 2.35 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96h respectively. A significant decrease in trehalose activity along with digestive enzyme activity was observed in chlorpyrifos affected groups (P < 0.05). Further, genotoxicity study revealed higher tail percentage, tail length and tail moment of the damage DNA in chlorpyrifos exposed groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, at 2.0 mg/L concentration, ~10 fold increases in tail length was observed as compared to the control. Results showed activation of caspase activity following 24 h chlorpyrifos exposure (1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in control group less number of apoptotic cells was detected, however in both chlorpyrifos exposed groups' numbers of apoptotic cells were statistically higher (P < 0.001). Taken together, this study provides evidence that chlorpyrifos pollution might have adverse effect on overall nutritional physiology and genotoxicity of eri silkworm that could lead to reduced survivability of this economically beneficial insect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dipali Devi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
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Sharma M, Chadha P. 4-Nonylphenol induced DNA damage and repair in fish, Channa punctatus after subchronic exposure. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:320-325. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1223096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Ajima MNO, Pandey PK, Kumar K, Poojary N. Assessment of mutagenic, hematological and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) in response to sublethal verapamil exposure. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:286-294. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1219914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malachy N. O. Ajima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria and
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod K. Pandey
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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29
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Xia X, Xia X, Huo W, Dong H, Zhang L, Chang Z. Toxic effects of imidacloprid on adult loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:132-139. [PMID: 27299658 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to assess the effects of imidacloprid on the survival, genetic materials, hepatic transaminase activity and histopathology of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). The values of LC50 (24, 48, 72 and 96h) of imidacloprid were 167.7, 158.6, 147.9 and 145.8mg/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 42.55mg/L. The erythrocyte micronuclei assays and the comet assay results showed that imidacloprid had genetic toxic effect on the loach erythrocytes. To assess the physiological and biochemical damage caused by imidacloprid, the activities of hepatic glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) were measured and their values declined in treatment groups. Histological examination of testis revealed that imidacloprid treatment resulted in disorganized lobules and cysts structures. In the present work, we also investigated the joint toxicity of pesticides commonly used in paddy fields (imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin) on M. anguillicaudatus, and confirmed that a synergistic effect existing in the binary mixtures. The results of our study provide relevant and comparable toxicity information that are useful for safety application of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Huo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9448-9458. [PMID: 26988364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host's health. In the literature, carbamate (CM) pesticides have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response, such as hypersensitivity reactions, some autoimmune diseases and cancers. CMs may initiate, facilitate, or exacerbate pathological immune processes, resulting in immunotoxicity by induction of mutations in genes coding for immunoregulatory factors and modifying immune tolerance. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and inhibition of esterases activities have been introduced as the main mechanisms of CMs-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between CM pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases is criticized. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the relationship between immunotoxicity and cancer, and the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
- Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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Genotoxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos in Freshwater Fish Cirrhinus mrigala Using Micronucleus Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9276963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of pesticides is an issue of worldwide concern and chlorpyrifos is one of the largest selling organophosphate agrochemicals that has been widely detected in surface waters of India. The studies on long term genotoxic biomarkers are limited; therefore, present study was carried out to analyze the incidence of nuclear anomalies in the blood cells of fresh water fish Cirrhinus mrigala using micronucleus (MN) assay as a potential tool for assessment of genotoxicity. Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos was evaluated by exposing fingerlings to different doses of chlorpyrifos (1/20, 1/10, and 1/5 of LC50) and LC50 was calculated as 0.44 mg L−1 using probit analysis. Blood samples were taken on days 2, 4, 8, 12, 21, 28, and 35. In general, significant effects for both concentration and duration of exposure were observed in treated fish. It was found that MN induction was highest on day 14 at 0.08 mg L−1 concentration of chlorpyrifos. It was concluded that chlorpyrifos is genotoxic pesticide causing nuclear anomalies in Cirrhinus mrigala.
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32
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Nesakumar N, Sethuraman S, Krishnan U, Rayappan JB. Electrochemical acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on ZnO nanocuboids modified platinum electrode for the detection of carbosulfan in rice. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:1070-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Sayed AEDH, Elbaghdady HAM, Zahran E. Arsenic-induced genotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus); the role of Spirulina platensis extract. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:751. [PMID: 26573688 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most relevant environmental global single substance toxicants that have long been regarded as a carcinogenic and genotoxic potential. In this respect, we evaluated the cytogenetic effect of arsenic exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in terms of erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and induction of micronuclei. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a filamentous cyanobacterium microalgae with potent dietary phytoantioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous properties supplementation. The protective role of Spirulina as supplementary feeds was studied in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) against arsenic-induced cytogenotoxicity. Four groups were assigned as control group (no SP or As), As group (exposed to water-born As in the form of NaAsO2 at 7 ppm), SP1 (SP at 7.5% + As at the same level of exposure), and SP2 (SP at 10% + As at the same level of exposure). As-treated group had a significant increase in all cytogenetic analyses including erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and induction of micronuclei after 2 weeks with continuous increase in response after 3 weeks. The combined treatment of Spirulina at two different concentrations of 7.5 and 10% had significantly declined the induction of erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and micronuclei formation induced by arsenic intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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34
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Peace OS, Christopher DN, Alfreda ON, Jacinta CN, Gregory EO, Ogechi NU, Juliana AU, Ada BCE. Fenthion induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill tissue of freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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35
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Nwani CD, Agrawal ND, Raghuvanshi S, Jaswal A, Shrivastava S, Sinha N, Onyishi G, Shukla S. Toxicological effects of carbosulfan in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1335-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714564243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbosulfan is often used in agriculture for pest control on crops and for treatment against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. This study investigated the impact of carbosulfan on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense, hematological, biochemical, and enzymological parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered carbosulfan doses of 1.02 to 10.20 mg/kg body weight daily; after 96 h, blood samples were taken, and the liver, kidney, and brain were dissected out for study. Results indicate that carbosulfan significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and suppressed the activity of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase. A mixed trend was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase, while an increase was observed in the levels of serum uric acid, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hemoglobin and albumin levels decreased but no significant differences were observed in creatinine and bilirubin levels. Future studies should include a more detailed analysis of the effects of chronic carbosulfan exposure on these biomarkers to further assess the impact of the pesticide on mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narottam Das Agrawal
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suchita Raghuvanshi
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Jaswal
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sadhana Shrivastava
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Sinha
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Onyishi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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36
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Zahran E, Risha E. Modulatory role of dietary Chlorella vulgaris powder against arsenic-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:654-662. [PMID: 25304544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic intoxicant have long been regarded as an impending carcinogenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic heavy metal to human and animals as well. In this respect, we evaluated biomarkers of the innate immune response and oxidative stress metabolism in gills and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after arsenic exposure, and the protective role of Chlorella vulgaris (Ch) dietary supplementation were elucidated. Protective role of C. vulgaris (Ch), as supplementary feeds (5% and 10% of the diet) was studied in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) against arsenic induced toxicity (NaAsO2 at 7 ppm) for 21 days exposure period. A significant down-regulation in innate immune response; including, respiratory burst, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity followed due to deliberately As(+3) exposure. Similarly, oxidative stress response; like nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were significantly decreased. Combined treatment of Ch and As(+3) significantly enhanced the innate immune response and antioxidant activity. Strikingly, Ch supplementation at 10% has been considered the optimum for Nile tilapia since it exhibited enhancement of innate immune response and antioxidant activity over the level 5%, and even better than that of control level. Thus, our results concluded that dietary Ch supplementation could protect Nile tilapia against arsenic induced immunosuppression and oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infections and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Engy Risha
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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37
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Nwani CD, Nagpure NS, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Kumar P, Lakra WS. Induction of micronuclei and nuclear lesions in Channa punctatus following exposure to carbosulfan, glyphosate and atrazine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:370-7. [PMID: 24328755 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.866138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxic effects of commonly used agricultural pesticides viz., carbosulfan, glyphosate, and atrazine, were evaluated in Channa punctatus (Pisces, Perciformes) using micronucleus (MN) test and induction of nuclear lesions (NL). The 96 h LC50 value were estimated by probit analysis as 0.27, 32.0 and 42.0 mg L(-1), respectively, for carbosulfan, glyphosate, and atrazine using semi-static bioassays. Based on these values, three sublethal test concentrations of carbosulfan (0.07, 0.13, 0.20 mg L(-1)), glyphosate (8.1, 16.3, 24.4 mg L(-1)) and atrazine (10.6, 21.2, 31.8 mg L(-1)) corresponding to ¼, ½ and ¾ of the LC50 of the pesticides respectively, were selected for exposure for 96 h. Peripheral blood samplings were taken at intervals of 24 h for assessment of MN and NL frequencies. Considerably higher genotoxic damage was induced by carbosulfan as compared to glyphosate and atrazine. There were significant effects (p < 0.01) of concentrations in all the treated groups. The induction of MN and NL was highest at 96 h pesticide exposure at all test concentrations. The nuclear abnormalities recorded in this study, such as blebbed-, lobed-, notched- and bi-nuclei, other than micronuclei, are indicators of genotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka , Enugu State , Nigeria
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38
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Nwani CD, Nnaji MC, Oluah SN, Echi PC, Nwamba HO, Ikwuagwu OE, Ajima MNO. Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Nagpure NS, Srivastava R, Kumar R, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Kumar P, Dabas A. Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of hexavalent chromium in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:9-15. [PMID: 24649973 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) in the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. The 96 h LC50 value of potassium dichromate estimated was 118 mg L(-1) by probit analysis using SPSS (version 16.0) software. Based on 96 h LC50 value, three sublethal test concentrations of potassium dichromate (29.5, 59.0 and 88.5 mg L(-)(1)) were selected and specimens were exposed in vivo to these test concentrations for 96 h. The mutagenic and genotoxic effects of potassium dichromate were evaluated in gill and blood cells using micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay. In general, significant (p < 0.05) effects due to the concentrations and the exposure durations were observed in exposed specimens. The MN induction was highest at 96 h at all the test concentrations in the peripheral blood. A similar trend was observed for the DNA damage, measured in terms of percentage of tail DNA, in erythrocyte and gill cells. The study indicated hazardous effect of the hexavalent chromium to fish and other aquatic organisms and indirectly to human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources , Lucknow , U. P., India
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40
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Fuzinatto CF, Flohr L, Melegari SP, Matias WG. Induction of micronucleus of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to waters from the Cubatão do Sul River, southern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:103-109. [PMID: 24138896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to characterize the pollution of surface waters by potentially genotoxic agents, this study aimed at assessing the frequency of micronucleated (MN) erythrocytes of the fish species, Oreochromis niloticus, from the Cubatão do Sul River. This river is the source of drinking water for the region of Florianópolis, capital of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Negative control fish showed low frequency of MN, ranging between 0.49‰ and 0.90‰. Positive control (potassium dichromate 2.5 mg/L) organisms showed high MN frequency (16.82-17.25‰). The MN frequency increased along the river (Site 1--1.24‰ winter 2011; Site 4--9.76‰ summer 2011). Based on the observation of elevated MN erythrocytes frequency in O. niloticus exposed to water samples from along the river course, we conclude that the complex environmental mixtures of water from the Cubatão do Sul River have genotoxic potential. This genotoxicity most likely originated from agricultural runoff and domestic effluents released without treatment, based on the evidence from literature data and a survey in the region. This study provides a scientific basis for future studies regarding the genotoxicity of complex environmental mixtures in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane F Fuzinatto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, LABTOX, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, CEP: 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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41
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Pinheiro MAA, Duarte LFA, Toledo TR, Adam ML, Torres RA. Habitat monitoring and genotoxicity in Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Ucididae), as tools to manage a mangrove reserve in southeastern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:8273-85. [PMID: 23584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, the state of São Paulo contains both preserved areas (Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station) and extremely impacted ones (Cubatão Municipality). This study evaluated the concentrations of five metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg) in two mangroves with different levels of anthropogenic impact and the apparent genotoxicity to Ucides cordatus. Water and sediment samples were obtained, and metal concentrations were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The genotoxic impact was quantified based on the number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 analyzed (MN‰), using hemolymph slides stained with Giemsa. Metal concentrations in water were below the detection limit, except for lead, although no significant difference was observed between the areas (P > 0.05). Sediment from Cubatão had higher concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu than sediment from Juréia-Itatins (P < 0.05), but no significant differences in metal concentrations were detected among depth strata of the sediment (P > 0.05). Crabs from Cubatão had a 2.6 times higher mean frequency of micronucleated cells (5.2 ± 1.8 MN‰) than those from Juréia-Itatins (2.0 ± 1.0 MN‰; P < 0.0001). The more-polluted conditions found in the mangrove sediments of Cubatão were reflected in the micronucleus assay, demonstrating their genotoxic effect; however, genetic damage should be attributed to a synergistic effect with other kinds of pollutants previously recorded in different environments of Cubatão. U. cordatus proved to be an excellent bioindicator of mangrove pollution. This study established, for the first time, the normal frequency of MN‰ in a population of this species within an ecological station.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos-Praça Infante D. Henrique, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista (CLP), s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nwani CD, Okeke OC, Onyishi G, Atama C, Chinekwu U, Eneje LO. Toxicity and effects of diazinon on behaviour and some haematological parameters of African catfishClarias gariepinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/21658005.2012.733555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tomasello B, Copat C, Pulvirenti V, Ferrito V, Ferrante M, Renis M, Sciacca S, Tigano C. Biochemical and bioaccumulation approaches for investigating marine pollution using Mediterranean rainbow wrasse, Coris julis (Linneaus 1798). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:168-175. [PMID: 23025894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multibiomarkers approach was used in order to estimate and monitor marine pollution. Coris julis (Linneaus, 1758) was chosen as a sentinel organism, and the specimens were collected from three well-known sites along the Ionic coast of Sicily: the protected marine area (P.M.A) "Cyclop's Islands" of Acitrezza (CT), used as a control site, Riposto (CT), and the industrial site of Augusta (SR). Abiotic levels of contaminants were also detected. High levels of biotic and abiotic accumulation were found at the industrial site in which the presence of genotoxic and oxidative damage were also evidenced, measured by Micronuclei, Alkaline and Fpg-modified Comet assays. The protein expression analysis showed metallothioneins (MTs) as good tissue-specific markers of metal accumulation. Their levels were significantly higher in muscle than in liver tissue for all the sampling sites, with a positive correlation among tissue levels and the degree of pollution at the sites. Conversely, heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) expression was higher in Augusta and Riposto than in the control site, but no significant difference was found between the examined tissues among all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug's Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Gül A, Benli AÇK, Ayhan A, Memmi BK, Selvi M, Sepici-Dinçel A, Cakiroğullari GÇ, Erkoç F. Sublethal propoxur toxicity to juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758): biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and genotoxicity effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2085-2092. [PMID: 22730006 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sublethal toxicological and genotoxic potential of propoxur, a widely used carbamate insecticide against household pests, in veterinary medicine, and in public health, was evaluated on carp as a model species (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) using the erythrocyte micronucleus test. Based on the 96-h lethal concentration, 50% (LC50) data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ECOTOX Database (10 mg/L), a sublethal exposure concentration of 5 mg/L was used under static bioassay laboratory conditions. Histopathological evaluation showed no significant changes in spleen, intestine, muscle, or skin tissues. However, the following conditions were recorded: hyperemia, branchitis in primary lamella, and telangiectasis, hyperplasia, fusion, epithelial lifting, and epithelial desquamation in secondary lamella of gill tissues; hemorrhage, destruction, prenephritis, and inflammation and desquamation in the tubules; edema in the kidney; passive hyperemia, albumin, and hydropic degeneration in the liver; and hyperemia, chromatolysis, and glial proliferation in brain tissues. No statistically significant increases in micronuclei frequencies were found. Hematological parameters showed decreased hematocrit values and mean corpuscular volume values, as well as increased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, sodium, total plasma protein, chloride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were increased (p < 0.01). Only plasma calcium and potassium levels decreased in the experimental group. Propoxur has an ecotoxicological potential on fish, a nontarget organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gül
- Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohankumar MN, Anbumani S. Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Abnormalities in the Fish Catla catla (Hamilton) Exposed to Chemicals and Ionizing Radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2011.867.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dogan D, Can C, Kocyigit A, Dikilitas M, Taskin A, Bilinc H. Dimethoate-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in Oncorhynchus mykiss. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:39-46. [PMID: 21435680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to investigate pro-oxidant activity of dimethoate in liver and brain tissues following sublethal pesticide exposure for 5, 15 and 30 d by using SOD, GPx, CAT enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers as well as DNA damaging potential via detecting% Tail DNA, Tail moment and Olive tail moment as endpoints in erythrocytes of Oncorhynchus mykiss in an in vitro experiment. Antioxidant enzyme activities were found to elicit two staged response which was an initial induction followed by a sharp inhibition in liver tissue while a sustained increase in GPx activity and slight stimulation in SOD activity were detected in brain tissue. Lipid peroxidation showed an ascending pattern throughout the exposure period in both tissues and a decreasing trend was determined in tissue protein levels which was proved to be positively correlated with duration. Similar findings were obtained from outcomes preferred to quantify DNA damage and TM was decided to reflect the extent of damage more sensitively because of determined positive correlation with concentrations applied. Considering these results, it can be concluded that oxidative stress condition evoked by dimethoate could not be responded effectively and genotoxic nature of pesticide was proven by determined clastogenic effect possibly via being an alkylation agent or stimulating the production of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Dogan
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey.
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Yadav AS, Bhatnagar A, Kaur M. Assessment of Genotoxic Effects of Butachlor in Fresh Water Fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2010.223.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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