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Yadav V, Fuentes JL, Krishnan A, Singh N, Vohora D. Guidance for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring anti-genotoxicity. Life Sci 2024; 337:122341. [PMID: 38101613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage can occur spontaneously or be produced by the environmental genotoxins in living cells, it is important to investigate compounds that can reverse or protect DNA damage. An appropriate methodology is essential for the responsive identification of protection offered against DNA damage. This review includes information on the current state of knowledge on prokaryotic cell-based assays (SOS chromotest, umu test, vitotox assay) and cytogenetic techniques (micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration test and sister chromatid exchange assay) with an emphasis on the possibility to explore genoprotective compounds. Throughout the last decade, studies have extrapolated the scientific methodologies utilized for genotoxicity to assess genoprotective compounds. Therefore, shortcomings of genotoxicity studies are also mirrored in antigenotoxicity studies. While regulatory authorities around the world (OECD, US-EPA and ICH) continue to update diverse genotoxic assay strategies, there are still no clear guidelines/approaches for efficient experimental design to screen genoprotective compounds. As a consequence, non-synergetic and inconsistent implementation of the test method by the researchers to execute such simulations has been adopted, which inevitably results in unreliable findings. The review has made the first attempt to collect various facets of experimentally verified approaches for evaluating genoprotective compounds, as well as to acknowledge potential significance and constraints, and further focus on the assessment of end points which are required to validate such action. Henceforth, the review makes an incredible commitment by permitting readers to equate several components of their test arrangement with the provided simplified information, allowing the selection of convenient technique for the predefined compound from a central repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jorge L Fuentes
- School of Biology, Science Faculty, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Renke G, Almeida VBP, Souza EA, Lessa S, Teixeira RL, Rocha L, Sousa PL, Starling-Soares B. Clinical Outcomes of the Deleterious Effects of Aluminum on Neuro-Cognition, Inflammation, and Health: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2221. [PMID: 37432384 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the scenario of metal toxicity, aluminum (Al) stands out as a ubiquitous type of metal that can be combined with other elements and form different compounds. Al is widely used daily as an adjuvant in vaccines, antacids, food additives (as components of AI-containing food additives), skin care products, cosmetics, and kitchenware, and can be an element or contaminant present in our daily life. Objective: To present a review of the main deleterious effects of Al on human health. Methods: The search was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using scientific articles from 2012 to 2023. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusions: A total of 115 files were search returned. Further, 95 articles were evaluated, and 44 were included in this review. Based on the results, measuring Al's relevance to health is essential in medicine. Several studies have demonstrated clinical outcomes and metabolic alterations with Al exposure. The tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of 1 mg Al/kg body weight can be achieved through dietary exposure alone. Proven neurotoxicity in humans is the critical adverse effect of Al. A carcinogenic effect of Al has not been proven so far. Preventive medicine advocates that exposure to Al should be kept as low as possible. Chelating agents, such as calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and deferoxamine, are options for acute poisoning, and monomethysilanetriol supplementation may be a long-term strategy with chelation potential. Further studies are needed to assess the impacts of Al on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Renke
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Almeida Souza
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | - Suzana Lessa
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Rocha
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
| | - Pamela Lopes Sousa
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, Brazil
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Abo-El-Sooud K, Abd-Elhakim YM, Hashem MMM, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, El-Nour HHM. Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:737-747. [PMID: 36472630 PMCID: PMC10042903 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the probable ameliorative role of quercetin (QCN) against oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) with a diameter < 30 nm and lead acetate (Pb) co-exposure in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were weighed and allocated to seven groups (n = 10 each) and were treated orally via orogastric gavage for 60 successive days: rats of the 1st group were kept as control given distilled water (1 ml/kg), rats of the 2nd group received 2 ml/kg BW/day corn oil; rats of the 3rd group were administered 20 mg/kg BW QCN/day; rats of the 4th group received 100 mg/kg BW Al2O3NPs; rats of the 5th group received 50 mg/kg BW Pb; rats of the 6th group co-received Al2O3NPs and Pb at the same previous doses; and rats of the 7th group were co-administered Al2O3NPs, Pb, and QCN at the same previous doses. At the end of the experiment, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total, direct, indirect bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were estimated. The hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated. Finally, the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluations and the residues of Al and Pb in hepatic tissues were assessed. Al2O3NPs and/or Pb exposure significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels and considerably altered the hepatic biochemical parameters; nevertheless, QCN significantly reduced hepatic enzymes compared to toxicant exposed groups. Additionally, QCN significantly improved Al2O3NPs-afforded liver tissue damage, as established in microscopic findings on the liver in the group treated with Al2O3NPs + Pb. Conclusively, QCN could be a candidate natural agent to safeguard the liver versus the co-harmful impacts of Al2O3NPs and Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Bayan A Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayat H M El-Nour
- Biology of Reproduction Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Jabeen K, Rehman K, Awan FR, Aslam B, Qureshi AS. Comparative Biochemical Profiling of Aluminum Chloride and Sodium Azide Induced Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Disturbance. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40432-40445. [PMID: 36385866 PMCID: PMC9647886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Comorbidities in human beings signify the numerous risk factors that increase the incidences of neuro- and cardio-metabolic disorders. Experimental models depicting comorbidities are important to explore the molecular pathophysiology that can help suggest appropriate treatment strategies. Tissue-accumulating potential and pathological effects of aluminium chloride (AlCl3)and sodium azide (NaN3) are well recognized. Hence, in the current work, we have for the first time aimed to investigate the unexplored potential of graded dose effects of AlCl3 and NaN3 in inducing early inflammation and cardiometabolic toxicity via comparative biochemical analysis of AlCl3 and/or NaN3. Rats were allocated into seven groups (n = 6). Group 1 was normal control. Remaining groups were given graded doses of AlCl3 and/or NaN3, as LD-AlCl3 (AlCl3 40 mg), MD-AlCl3 (AlCl3 45 mg), and HD-AlCl3 (AlCl3 50 mg) representing low dose, medium dose, and high dose of AlCl3, respectively, and the remaining as LD-NaN3 (NaN3 13 mg), MD-NaN3 (NaN3 15 mg), and HD-NaN3 (NaN3 17 mg) representing low dose, medium dose, and high dose of NaN3, respectively. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory mediators like IL-6 and oxidative stress marker, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Likewise, subacute toxicity parameters were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and histopathology (H&E/Masson's trichrome staining) of brain, heart, and pancreatic tissues were done. ECG pattern of all groups was observed. HD-AlCl3 was associated with elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, MDA, and glycemic and lipid profiles, whereas it decreased the insulin levels. HD-NaN3 also showed the similar effects of aggravated inflammatory biomarkers, impaired glycemic and lipid profiles, but depicted the maximum mortality rate as compared to HD-AlCl3. IHC showed prominent amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formation with MD-AlCl3 and HD-AlCl3 as compared to NaN3-treated groups. Likewise, in brain tissues, vacuolation of white matter, vascular congestion, and hemorrhage were seen in HD-AlCl3 treated group, while HD-NaN3 induced death in animals. AlCl3 exposure resulted in an inverted QRS complex, while exposure to NaN3 showed ST depression but with increased mortality. AlCl3 has better controlled results as compared to NaN3 for induction of comorbid experimental animal model depicting early neuroinflammation and cardiometabolic disruption. These determined efforts facilitate the researchers for the development of clinically effective treatment strategies using such experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jabeen
- Institute
of Physiology and Pharmacology, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute
of Physiology and Pharmacology, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Turkez H, Yıldırım S, Sahin E, Arslan ME, Emsen B, Tozlu OO, Alak G, Ucar A, Tatar A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Keles MS, Geyikoglu F, Atamanalp M, Saruhan F, Mardinoglu A. Boron Compounds Exhibit Protective Effects against Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity and Genotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080428. [PMID: 36006107 PMCID: PMC9413983 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, neuropathological and biochemical investigations have revealed meaningful relationships between aluminum (Al) exposure and neurotoxic and hematotoxic damage. Hence, intensive efforts are being made to minimize the harmful effects of Al. Moreover, boron compounds are used in a broad mix of industries, from cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to agriculture. They affect critical biological functions in cellular events and enzymatic reactions, as well as endocrinal and mineral metabolisms. There are limited dose-related data about boric acid (BA) and other boron compounds, including colemanite (Col), ulexite (UX) and borax (BX), which have commercial prominence. In this study, we evaluate boron compounds’ genetic, cytological, biochemical and pathological effects against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hematotoxicity and neurotoxicity on different cell and animal model systems. First, we perform genotoxicity studies on in vivo rat bone marrow cells and peripheric human blood cultures. To analyze DNA and chromosome damage, we use single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay) and micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays. The nuclear division index (NDI) is used to monitor cytostasis. Second, we examine the biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS)) to determine oxidative changes in blood and brain. Next, we assess the histopathological alterations by using light and electron microscopes. Our results show that Al increases oxidative stress and genetic damage in blood and brain in vivo and in vitro studies. Al also led to severe histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the brain. However, the boron compounds alone did not cause adverse changes based on the above-studied parameters. Moreover, these compounds exhibit different levels of beneficial effects by removing the harmful impact of Al. The antioxidant, antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects of boron compounds against Al-induced damage indicate that boron may have a high potential for use in medical purposes in humans. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that boron compounds (especially BA, BX and UX) can be administered to subjects to prevent neurodegenerative and hematological disorders at determined doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Elvan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey;
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.O.T.)
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Mevlut Sait Keles
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Uskudar University, 34664 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (G.A.); (A.U.); (M.A.)
| | - Fatih Saruhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (A.H.); (F.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Correspondence:
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Facciolà A, Visalli G, Laganà A, Di Pietro A. An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050819. [PMID: 35632575 PMCID: PMC9147349 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Multi-Specialist Clinical Institute for Orthopaedic Trauma Care (COT), 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
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Liu M, Wang D, Wang C, Yin S, Pi X, Li Z, Wang L, Liu J, Yin C, Jin L, Ren A. High concentrations of aluminum in maternal serum and placental tissue are associated with increased risk for fetal neural tube defects. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131387. [PMID: 34217934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)1 is ubiquitously present in the environment, and human exposure to Al is common. Al has been reported to be involved in various human diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal Al exposure and the risk for NTDs using Al concentrations in maternal serum and placental tissue. The subjects were recruited from six counties/cities in the Shanxi province of northern China from 2003 to 2016. Al concentrations in both types of specimens were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the maternal serum cohort (200 cases and 400 controls), compared to the lowest tertile concentration of Al, the highest Al tertile was associated with 2.42-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.23-4.87) increased risk after adjustment for confounding factors. In the placental tissue cohort (408 cases and 593 controls), the highest tertile of Al also tended to be associated with an elevated risk for NTDs [adjusted odds ratio, 1.60 (0.94-2.70)]. When analyzed by NTD subtypes, the highest Al tertile was associated with an increased risk for anencephaly in both cohorts after adjustment for confounders [odds ratio, 1.97 (1.15-3.48) in the maternal serum cohort; odds ratio, 4.75 (2.01-12.00) in the placental tissue cohort]. Taken together, using concentrations of Al in maternal serum and placental tissue as exposure markers, we found that prenatal exposure to higher levels of Al is a risk factor for fetal NTDs, especially for the anencephaly subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Pi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Yilmaz A, Doru F, Caglar O, Arslan E, Tatar A, Hacımuftuoglu A, Abd El-Aty AM, Mardinoglu A. In vitro transcriptome response to propolis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13990. [PMID: 34730243 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is the extract of a resinous compound that protects plants from both cold and microorganism attack and has gained a strong and sticky property because it is transformed after being collected by honey bees. Up to date, many studies have shown that propolis exhibited various beneficial biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antitumor effects. Recent reports propounded the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect of propolis; however, the exact molecular genetic mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the toxicogenomic and beneficial properties, including cytotoxic, antioxidant, apoptotic/necrotic as well as genotoxic effects of propolis (1.56-200 µg/ml) on differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Additionally, microarray analysis was conducted on cell cultures following propolis application to explore gene differentiation. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed using string software to characterize protein-protein interactions between gene pathways. Our results revealed that propolis applications could not have a prominent effect on cell viability even at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml. The highest propolis concentration induced apoptotic rather than necrotic cell death. The alterations in gene expression profiles, including CYP26A1, DHRS2, DHRS3, DYNC1I1, IGF2, ITGA4, SVIL, TGFβ1, and TGM2 could participate in the neuroprotective effects of propolis. In conclusion, propolis supplementation exerted remarkable advantageous; thus, it may offer great potential as a natural component in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Whole-genome gene expression pattern following propolis application was investigated for the first time in neuronal cell culture to fill a gap in the literature about propolis toxicogenomics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Propolis is a very rich product in terms of benefits. In addition to its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory content, it is known to have preventive and therapeutic properties for many different ailments. On the other hand, molecular mechanisms of propolis on gene expression differentiations haven't been investigated until now. Moreover, gene expression pattern is vital for all living organisms to maintain homeostasis. Thus, we conduct an experiment series for analyzing gene expression differentiation effects on neuronal cells to understand beneficial properties of propolis. Hence, it could be possible to comment on the use of propolis as a nutritional factor and beneficial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Funda Doru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Jalili P, Huet S, Burel A, Krause BC, Fontana C, Chevance S, Gauffre F, Guichard Y, Lampen A, Laux P, Luch A, Hogeveen K, Fessard V. Genotoxic impact of aluminum-containing nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 78:105257. [PMID: 34688838 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of consumers to aluminum-containing nanomaterials (Al NMs) is an area of concern for public health agencies. As the available data on the genotoxicity of Al2O3 and Al0 NMs are inconclusive or rare, the present study investigated their in vitro genotoxic potential in intestinal and liver cell models, and compared with the ionic form AlCl3. Intestinal Caco-2 and hepatic HepaRG cells were exposed to Al0 and Al2O3 NMs (0.03 to 80 μg/cm2). Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured using High Content Analysis. Genotoxicity was investigated through γH2AX labelling, the alkaline comet and micronucleus assays. Moreover, oxidative DNA damage and carcinogenic properties were assessed using the Fpg-modified comet assay and the cell transforming assay in Bhas 42 cells respectively. The three forms of Al did not induce chromosomal damage. However, although no production of oxidative stress was detected, Al2O3 NMs induced oxidative DNA damage in Caco-2 cells but not likely related to ion release in the cell media. Considerable DNA damage was observed with Al0 NMs in both cell lines in the comet assay, likely due to interference with these NMs. No genotoxic effects were observed with AlCl3. None of the Al compounds induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, γH2AX or cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pégah Jalili
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Sylvie Huet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- MRic Cell Imaging Platform, BIOSIT, University of Rennes 1, campus Santé de Villejean, 2 avenue du Pr Léon Bernard - CS, 34317, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin-Christoph Krause
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Fontana
- INRS, 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027, 54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Soizic Chevance
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yves Guichard
- INRS, 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027, 54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 10B rue C. Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France.
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10
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Mohamed AE, El-Magd MA, El-Said KS, El-Sharnouby M, Tousson EM, Salama AF. Potential therapeutic effect of thymoquinone and/or bee pollen on fluvastatin-induced hepatitis in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15688. [PMID: 34344946 PMCID: PMC8333355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is one of earlier, but serious, signs of liver damage. High doses of statins for a long time can induce hepatitis. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) and bee pollen (BP) on fluvastatin (F)-induced hepatitis in rats. Rats were randomly divided into: group 1 (G1, control), G2 (F, hepatitis), G3 (F + TQ), G4 (F + BP), and G5 (F + TQ + BP). Single treatment with TQ or BP relieved fluvastatin-induced hepatitis, with best effect for the combined therapy. TQ and/or BP treatment significantly (1) reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin, (2) decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased level of reduced glutathione, and activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver, (3) improved liver histology with mild deposition of type I collagen, (4) increased mRNA levels of transforming growth factor beta 1, nuclear factor Kappa B, and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, and (5) decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and upregulated interleukin 10 protein in the liver. These data clearly highlight the ability of TQ and BP combined therapy to cause better ameliorative effects on fluvastatin-induced hepatitis than individual treatment by each alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Karim S El-Said
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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11
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Yousefi B, Semnani V, Mokhtari T, Zarbakhsh S, Amjad MHT, Barati M, Doustmohammadi H. Co-administration of Aluminum Sulfate and Propolis Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinases-2/9 Expression and Improves the Uterine Leiomyoma in Adult Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1002-1012. [PMID: 32594359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum sulfate (alum) with propolis (PR) on uterine leiomyoma (UL) in rat model. One hundred and four female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were allocated into two main groups of control (Co, n = 8) and experiment (UL model [estradiol benzoate 200 μg/kg/IM twice/week/8 weeks] with/without treatment) defined in 13 subgroups with/without treatment with coil oil (UL + COi), PR (100 or 200 mg/kg) as UL + PR100 or 200, alum (35, 75 or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + AL 35, 75, or 150, and PR (100 mg/kg or 200) with alum (35, 75, or 150 mg/Kg) as UL + PR100 or 200 + AL35, 75, or 150. Subgroups received doses of therapeutics for 14 days (IP). In the end, rats were sacrificed, and the uteri were isolated for molecular and histopathological investigations. The myometrium thickness, collagen contents, and gene expression of MMP-2 and 9 increased significantly in experimental groups with/without treatment (P ˂ 0.05). PR administration (100 and 200 mg/kg) alone or with alum (35 and 75 mg/kg) significantly decreased myometrium collagen contents and the gene expression and protein concentration of MMP-2 and 9 compared with UL and UL + Coi subgroups (P ˂ 0.05). Alum (75 mg/kg) with PR (200 mg/kg) could improve UL features and reduce MMP-2 and 9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behpour Yousefi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahid Semnani
- Department of Pathology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Tabrizi Amjad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Doustmohammadi
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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12
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Jenkinson P. Critical review of the publications on the genotoxicology of aluminium salts: 1990-2018. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:109-127. [PMID: 33609359 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-1970s, there have been many reports that purport to implicate aluminium in the aetiology of neurodegenerative disease. After several decades of research, the role of aluminium in such disease remains controversial and is not the subject of this review. However, if aluminium is implicated in such disease then it follows that there must be a toxicological mechanism or mode of action, and many researchers have investigated various potential mechanisms including the involvement of oxidative damage, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This paper reviews many of the publications of studies using various salts of aluminium and various genotoxicity end points, both in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on oxidative damage. The conclusion of this review is that the majority, if not all, of the publications that report positive results have serious technical flaws and/or implausible findings and consequently should contribute little or no weight to a weight of evidence (WoE) argument. There are many high-quality, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant genotoxicity studies, that follow relevant OECD test guidelines and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) integrated mutagenicity testing strategy, on several salts of aluminium; all demonstrate clear negative results for both in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity. In addition, the claim for an oxidative mode of action for aluminium can be shown to be spurious. This review concludes that there are no reliable studies that demonstrate a potential for genotoxicity, or oxidative mode of action, for aluminium.
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13
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Qin HM, Herrera D, Liu DF, Chen CQ, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Genotoxic properties of materials used for endoprostheses: Experimental and human data. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111707. [PMID: 32889016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2 million endoprostheses are implanted annually and metal ions as well as particles are released into the body from the materials which are used. This review describes the results of studies concerning genotoxic damage caused by artificial joints. DNA damage leads to various adverse long-term health effects in humans including cancer. Experiments with mammalian cells showed that metal ions and particles from orthopedic materials cause DNA damage. Induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA) was found in several in vitro experiments and in studies with rodents with metals from orthopedic materials. Human studies focused mainly on induction of CA (7 studies). Only few investigations (4) concerned sister chromatid exchanges, oxidative DNA damage (2) and micronucleus formation (1). CA are a reliable biomarker for increased cancer risks in humans) and were increased in all studies in patients with artificial joints. No firm conclusion can be drawn at present if the effects in humans are due to oxidative stress and if dissolved metal ions or release particles play a role. Our findings indicate that patients with artificial joints may have increased cancer risks due to damage of the genetic material. Future studies should be performed to identify safe materials and to study the molecular mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Qin
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Denise Herrera
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dian-Feng Liu
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao-Qian Chen
- Hip Surgery of Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Hosseini SM, Hejazian LB, Amani R, Siahchehreh Badeli N. Geraniol attenuates oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, serological and histopathological changes during aluminum chloride-hepatopancreatic toxicity in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20076-20089. [PMID: 32232762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has different industrial applications including manufacturing paint and water treatment. The present study was designed to evaluate the alleviating effect of geraniol against AlCl3-induced hepatopancreatic toxicity. To this end, forty male Wistar rats were divided into control (0.9% NaCl, IP), geraniol (100 mg/kg orally), AlCl3 (70 mg/kg, IP), and AlCl3 (70 mg/kg, IP) plus geraniol (100 mg/kg orally) groups and then were treated daily for 28 days. Based on the results, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, as well as liver and pancreas enzymes increased significantly (P < 0.05) while the level of insulin significantly decreased in AlCl3-treated rats compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The presence of geraniol relieved the toxic effects of AlCl3 as well. On the other hand, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in the AlCl3-treated group while the activities of glutathione peroxidase and the total antioxidant activity demonstrated a reduction. However, the MDA level decreased while the antioxidant enzymes increased in co-treated with geraniol group. Histopathological examination revealed that simultaneous treatment with geraniol in AlCl3 intoxicated rats ameliorate the liver lesions such as necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolar degeneration, along with hyperemia and the cell density of the Langerhans islands. Finally, the results indicated that geraniol attenuated the side effect of AlCl3-induced hepatopancreatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Beigom Hejazian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Pathology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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15
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Genotoxic Effects of Aluminum Chloride and Their Relationship with N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU)-Induced Breast Cancer in Sprague Dawley Rats. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8020031. [PMID: 32325967 PMCID: PMC7355831 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, soluble forms of aluminum for human use or consumption have been determined to be potentially toxic due to their association with hepatic, neurological, hematological, neoplastic, and bone conditions. This study aims to assess the genotoxic effect of aluminum chloride on genomic instability associated with the onset of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced breast cancer in Sprague Dawley rats. The dietary behavior of the rats was assessed, and the concentration of aluminum in the mammary glands was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Genomic instability was determined in the histological sections of mammary glands stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Moreover, micronucleus in peripheral blood and comet assays were performed. The results of dietary behavior evaluation indicated no significant differences between the experimental treatments. However, aluminum concentration in breast tissues was high in the +2000Al/−NMU treatment. This experimental treatment caused moderate intraductal cell proliferation, lymph node hyperplasia, and serous gland adenoma. Furthermore, micronucleus and comet test results revealed that +2000Al/−NMU led to a genotoxic effect after a 10-day exposure and the damage was more evident after a 15-day exposure. Therefore, in conclusion, genomic instability is present and the experimental conditions assessed are not associated with breast cancer.
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16
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Jalili P, Huet S, Lanceleur R, Jarry G, Hegarat LL, Nesslany F, Hogeveen K, Fessard V. Genotoxicity of Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide Nanomaterials in Rats Following Oral Exposure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E305. [PMID: 32053952 PMCID: PMC7075173 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to several gaps remaining in the toxicological evaluation of nanomaterials (NMs), consumers and public health agencies have shown increasing concern for human health protection. In addition to aluminum (Al) microparticles, Al-containing nanomaterials (Al NMs) have been applied by food industry as additives and contact materials. Due to the limited amount of literature on the toxicity of Al NMs, this study aimed to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic potential of Al0 and Al2O3 NMs after acute oral exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered three successive gavages at 6, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg bw. A comparison with AlCl3 was done in order to assess the potential effect of dissolution into Al ions. Both DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage were investigated in six organs/tissues (duodenum, liver, kidney, spleen, blood and bone marrow) with the alkaline and the Fpg-modified comet assays. Concomitantly, chromosomal damage was investigated in bone marrow and colon with the micronucleus assay. The comet assay only showed DNA damage with Al2O3 NMs in bone marrow (BM), while AlCl3 induced slight but non-significant oxidative DNA damage in blood. No increase of chromosomal mutations was observed after treatment with the two Al MNs either in the BM or in the colons of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pégah Jalili
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Sylvie Huet
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Rachelle Lanceleur
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Gérard Jarry
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Laboratoire de toxicologie génétique, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille CEDEX, France;
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France (S.H.); (R.L.); (G.J.); (L.L.H.); (K.H.)
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17
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Anwar F, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Al-Ghamdi S, Kuerban A. Biochemical evaluation of Nigella sativa L. seeds on fluconazole toxicity in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1774134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharifa Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abudukadeer Kuerban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Igbokwe IO, Igwenagu E, Igbokwe NA. Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 12:45-70. [PMID: 32206026 PMCID: PMC7071840 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is frequently accessible to animal and human populations to the extent that intoxications may occur. Intake of Al is by inhalation of aerosols or particles, ingestion of food, water and medicaments, skin contact, vaccination, dialysis and infusions. Toxic actions of Al induce oxidative stress, immunologic alterations, genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory effect, peptide denaturation or transformation, enzymatic dysfunction, metabolic derangement, amyloidogenesis, membrane perturbation, iron dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and dysplasia. The pathological conditions associated with Al toxicosis are desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, granulomas, granulomatosis and fibrosis, toxic myocarditis, thrombosis and ischemic stroke, granulomatous enteritis, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, anemia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, sclerosis, autism, macrophagic myofasciitis, osteomalacia, oligospermia and infertility, hepatorenal disease, breast cancer and cyst, pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis and diabetes mellitus. The review provides a broad overview of Al toxicosis as a background for sustained investigations of the toxicology of Al compounds of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Igwenagu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe
- Department Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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19
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Karimian J, Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Ghavami A. The efficacy of propolis on markers of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1616-1626. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Karimian
- Department of General Courses, School of Management and Medical Information SciencesIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research CenterGuilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | | | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Nutrition, School of NutritionTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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20
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Sieg H, Ellermann AL, Maria Kunz B, Jalili P, Burel A, Hogeveen K, Böhmert L, Chevance S, Braeuning A, Gauffre F, Fessard V, Lampen A. Aluminum in liver cells - the element species matters. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:909-922. [PMID: 30938204 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1593542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) can be ingested from food and released from packaging and can reach key organs involved in human metabolism, including the liver via systemic distribution. Recent studies discuss the occurrence of chemically distinct Al-species and their interconversion by contact with biological fluids. These Al species can vary with regard to their intestinal uptake, systemic transport, and therefore could have species-specific effects on different organs and tissues. This work aims to assess the in vitro hepatotoxic hazard potential of three different relevant Al species: soluble AlCl3 and two nanoparticulate Al species were applied, representing for the first time an investigation of metallic nanoparticles besides to mineral bound γ-Al2O3 on hepatic cell lines. To investigate the uptake and toxicological properties of the Al species, we used two different human hepatic cell lines: HepG2 and differentiated HepaRG cells. Cellular uptake was determined by different methods including light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, side-scatter analysis, and elemental analysis. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death mechanisms, and DNA damage were monitored as cellular parameters. While cellular uptake into hepatic cell lines occurred predominantly in the particle form, only ionic AlCl3 caused cellular effects. Since it is known, that Al species can convert one into another, and mechanisms including 'trojan-horse'-like uptake can lead to an Al accumulation in the cells. This could result in the slow release of Al ions, for which reason further hazard cannot be excluded. Therefore, individual investigation of the different Al species is necessary to assess the toxicological potential of Al particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Anna Lena Ellermann
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Birgitta Maria Kunz
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Pégah Jalili
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Fougères Laboratory , Fougères Cedex , France
| | | | - Kevin Hogeveen
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Fougères Laboratory , Fougères Cedex , France.,ASPIC Cellular Imaging Platform , Fougères , France
| | - Linda Böhmert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Soizic Chevance
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) , Rennes , France
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) , Rennes , France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Fougères Laboratory , Fougères Cedex , France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
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Sajjad S, Malik H, Saeed L, Hashim I, Farooq U, Manzoor F. Synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin e against sub-acute toxicity of AlCl(3) in albino mice: in vivo study. Physiol Res 2019; 68:67-74. [PMID: 30433801 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current study evaluated the synergistic potential of propolis and vitamin E against sub-acute toxicity of aluminum chloride on different biochemical parameters and liver histology. Swiss albino mice (n=42) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I received 0.2 ml of 0.9 % saline solution, Group II received Propolis (50 mg/kg b.w.), Group III received vitamin E (150 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV received AlCl(3) 50 mg/kg b.w., Group V received AlCl(3) + Propolis, Group VI received AlCl(3) + vitamin E and Group VII received AlCl(3) + propolis + vitamin E. Blood and tissue samples were collected after 7 and 21 days. The body weight of the animals significantly increased in all groups except Group IV. The concentration of serum high density lipoprotein significantly decreased in Group IV and increased in Group V, VI and VII. The level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein significantly increased in AlCl(3) treated group and increased in Group V, VI and VII. Tissue sections were processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Group II showed cellular necrosis. Group V, VI showed decreased number of vacuolization, sinusoidal spacing and macrophage cell infiltration. Group VI showed less degenerative changes in the third week. Vitamin E and propolis in combination with Al provides more protection against AlCl(3) induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sajjad
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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22
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Koc K, Erol HS, Colak S, Cerig S, Yildirim S, Geyikoglu F. The protective effect of propolis on rat ovary against ischemia-reperfusion injury: Immunohistochemical, biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:631-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Naz S, Kazmi STB, Zia M. CeO
2
nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry are biocompatible: In vitro and in vivo assessment. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22291. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sania Naz
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabad Pakistan
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López-Romero D, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Alvarez-Gonzalez I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 2: Plants, Vegetables, and Natural Resin. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1954. [PMID: 30544726 PMCID: PMC6316078 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens, or teratogens. Genotoxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases, including hepatic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders; diabetes; arthritis; cancer; chronic inflammation; and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown the antigenotoxic potential of different fruits and plants (Part 1). In this review (Part 2), we present a research overview conducted on some plants and vegetables (spirulina, broccoli, chamomile, cocoa, ginger, laurel, marigold, roselle, and rosemary), which are frequently consumed by humans. In addition, an analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from those vegetables and the analysis of a resin (propolis),whose antigenotoxic power has been demonstrated in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay, was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-Romero
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Isela Alvarez-Gonzalez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas". Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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25
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Novaes RD, Mouro VGS, Gonçalves RV, Mendonça AAS, Santos EC, Fialho MCQ, Machado-Neves M. Aluminum: A potentially toxic metal with dose-dependent effects on cardiac bioaccumulation, mineral distribution, DNA oxidation and microstructural remodeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:814-826. [PMID: 30032078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of aluminum (Al) are found in wastewater from industrial bauxite mining, which is often responsible for the contamination of drinking water sources in urban and rural communities. Although this metal exhibits broad environmental distribution, its cardiac repercussions are poorly understood, making it difficult to establish diagnostic criteria in cases of Al intoxication. In the absence of clinical data, we used a preclinical model to investigate the impact of Al exposure on heart bioaccumulation, molecular oxidation, micromineral distribution, structural and ultrastructural remodeling of the cardiac tissue. Male Wistar rats were equally randomized into five groups: G1 = distilled water; and G2 to G5 = 0.02, 0.1, 50, and 200 mg/kg aluminum solution, respectively. After 120 days, the hearts were collected and subjected to mineral microanalysis, immunoenzymatic detection of 8-OHdG, as well as bright field, polarizing, scanning and transmission electron microscopy to estimate the extent of the cardiac remodeling and cardiomyocytes ultrastructure. Long-term Al exposure induced dose-dependent bioaccumulation, micromineral imbalance, genomic DNA oxidation, structural and ultrastructural abnormalities of the cardiac tissue, resulting in extensive parenchymal loss, stromal expansion, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, increased glycoconjugate and collagen deposition, subversion and collapse of the collagen network, reduced myocardial vascularization index, mitochondrial swelling, sarcomere disorganization, myofilament dissociation, and fragmentation in cardiomyocytes. Our findings indicated that the heart was sensitive to Al-mediated toxicity, especially in animals treated with the three highest doses of Al. In response to Al-induced loss of the parenchyma, heart stroma exhibited a reactive and compensatory expansion, which, in combination with the increased distribution of thick myofibrils and degenerated mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, provides morphological evidence that cardiac tissue adaptations are not enough to adjust the relationships between the parenchyma and stroma until a steady state is reached, resulting in continuous pathological remodeling potentially associated with Al-induced proinflammatory and pro-oxidant events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Viviane G S Mouro
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea A S Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- Medicine School, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C Q Fialho
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Amazonas, AM, Brazil
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26
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wright M, Di Domenico A, van Loveren H, Giarola A, Horvath Z, Lodi F, Tard A, Woutersen RA. Re-evaluation of aluminium sulphates (E 520-523) and sodium aluminium phosphate (E 541) as food additives. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05372. [PMID: 32625999 PMCID: PMC7009639 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are permitted as food additives in only a few specific products and the exposure is probably near zero. Aluminium compounds have low bioavailability and low acute toxicity. There is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for aluminium compounds in subchronic studies was 52 mg Al/kg body weight (bw) per day in rats and 90 mg Al/kg bw per day in dogs and the lowest NOAEL for neurotoxicity in rats was 30 mg Al/kg bw per day and for developing nervous system was 10–42 mg Al/kg bw per day in studies in mice and rats. The Panel concluded that aluminium sulphates (E 520–523) and sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (E 541) are of no safety concern in the current authorised uses and use levels.
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Hu C, Yang J, He Q, Luo Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Yi H, Li H, Xia H, Ran D, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang H. CysLTR1 Blockage Ameliorates Liver Injury Caused by Aluminum-Overload via PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy Activation in Vivo and in Vitro. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1996-2006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congli Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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Tang J, Hu P, Li Y, Win-Shwe TT, Li C. Ion Imbalance Is Involved in the Mechanisms of Liver Oxidative Damage in Rats Exposed to Glyphosate. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1083. [PMID: 29311996 PMCID: PMC5742203 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine, GLP) is the most popular herbicide used worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of glyphosate on rats' liver function and induction of pathological changes in ion levels and oxidative stress in hepatic tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the GLP. After 5 weeks of treatment, blood and liver samples were analyzed for biochemical and histomorphological parameters. The various mineral elements content in the organs of the rats were also measured. Significant decreases were shown in the weights of body, liver, kidney and spleen between the control and treatment groups. Changes also happened in the histomorphology of the liver and kidney tissue of GLP-treated rats. The GLP resulted in an elevated level of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and IL-1β in the serum. Besides, decreased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the serum, liver, and kidney indicated the presence of oxidative stress. Moreover, increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum and liver and decrease of glutathione (GSH) and lutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the kidney tissue further confirmed the occurrence of oxidative stress. The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MAPK3, NF-κB, SIRT1, TNF-α, Keap1, GPX2, and Caspase-3 were significantly increased in the GLP-treated groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, PPARα, DGAT, SREBP1c, and SCD1 mRNA expressions were also remarkably increased in the GLP-treated groups compared to the control group. In addition, aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) levels were showed a significant difference reduction or increase in rat liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, muscle, brain, and fat tissues. These results suggested that glyphosate caused obvious damage to rats' liver and caused various mineral elements content imbalances in various organs of rats. Ion imbalance could weaken antioxidant capacity and involve in the mechanism of liver oxidative damage caused by GLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansen Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Health Effect Assessment Section Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Bakour M, Al-Waili NS, El Menyiy N, Imtara H, Figuira AC, Al-Waili T, Lyoussi B. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of bee bread (honey and pollen) in aluminum-induced anemia, elevation of inflammatory makers and hepato-renal toxicity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:4205-4212. [PMID: 29184226 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity might be related to oxidative stress, and the antioxidant activity and protective effect of bee bread, which contains pollen, honey and bees' enzymes, on aluminum induced blood and hepato-renal toxicity was investigated in rats. Chemical analysis and antioxidant capacity of bee bread were conducted. The animal experiment in rats included; group 1: received distilled water (10 ml/kg b.wt), group 2: received aluminum chloride (662.2 mg/kg b.wt), group 3: received aluminum chloride (662.2 mg/kg b.wt) and ethanolic extract of the bee bread (500 mg/kg b.wt), and group 4: received aluminum chloride (662.2 mg/kg b.wt) and ethanolic extract of the bee bread (750 mg/kg b.wt). Doses were given once daily via a gavage. C-reactive protein, transaminases, urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, sodium and potassium and urine sodium and potassium were determined on day 28 of the experiment. Bee bread contained protein, fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrate, phenol and flavonoids and it exhibited antioxidant activity. Aluminum caused a significant elevation of blood urea, transaminase, C-reactive protein and monocyte count and significantly decreased hemoglobin. These changes were significantly ameliorated by the use of bee bread. Bee bread has an antioxidant property, and exhibited a protective effect on aluminum induced blood and hepato-renal toxicity and elevation of inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, leukocyte and monocyte counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, 30 000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Noori S Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, 87-40 134 Street, Richmond Hill, NY 11418 USA
| | - Nawal El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, 30 000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamada Imtara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, 30 000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Anna Cristina Figuira
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Thia Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, 87-40 134 Street, Richmond Hill, NY 11418 USA
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, BP 1796 Atlas, 30 000 Fez, Morocco
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Boufadi YM, Van Antwerpen P, Chikh Alard I, Nève J, Djennas N, Riazi A, Soubhye J. Antioxidant effects and bioavailability evaluation of propolis extract and its content of pure polyphenols. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Mokhtaria Boufadi
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life; Université de Abdelhamid Ibn Badis; Mostaganem Algeria
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy; Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Ibaa Chikh Alard
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Nadia Djennas
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
- Laboratory of Anatomy Pathology. CHU Nefissa Hamoud (Parnet); Algiers Algeria
| | - Ali Riazi
- Laboratory of Beneficial Microorganisms, Functional Food and Health (LMBAFS), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life; Université de Abdelhamid Ibn Badis; Mostaganem Algeria
| | - Jalal Soubhye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
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Yang Y, He Q, Wang H, Hu X, Luo Y, Liang G, Kuang S, Mai S, Ma J, Tian X, Chen Q, Yang J. The protection of meloxicam against chronic aluminium overload-induced liver injury in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23448-23458. [PMID: 28423583 PMCID: PMC5410317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to observe the protective effect and mechanisms of meloxicam on liver injury caused by chronic aluminium exposure in rats. The histopathology was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of prostaglandin E2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of cyclooxygenases-2, prostaglandin E2 receptors and protein kinase A were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Our experimental results showed that aluminium overload significantly damaged the liver. Aluminium also significantly increased the expressions of cyclooxygenases-2, prostaglandin E2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A and the prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1,2,4) and the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, while significantly decreased the EP3 expression in liver. The administration of meloxicam significantly improved the impairment of liver. The contents of prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were significantly decreased by administration of meloxicam. The administration of meloxicam also significantly decreased the expressions of cyclooxygenases-2 and protein kinase A and the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, while significantly increased the EP1,2,3,4 expressions in rat liver. Our results suggested that the imbalance of cyclooxygenases-2 and downstream prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway is involved in the injury of chronic aluminium-overload rat liver. The protective mechanism of meloxicam on aluminium-overload liver injury is attributed to reconstruct the balance of cyclooxygenases-2 and downstream prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guojuan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengnan Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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Cheng D, Zhang X, Xu L, Li X, Hou L, Wang C. Protective and prophylactic effects of chlorogenic acid on aluminum-induced acute hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sahin Z, Ozkaya A, Yilmaz O, Yuce A, Gunes M. Investigation of the role of α-lipoic acid on fatty acids profile, some minerals (zinc, copper, iron) and antioxidant activity against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:355-361. [PMID: 28306527 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA), a powerful antioxidant, on the fatty acid (FA) profiles, aluminum accumulation, antioxidant activity and some minerals such as zinc, copper and iron against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, LA, AlCl3 and LA+AlCl3. For 30 days, LA was intraperitoneally administrated (50 mg/kg) and AlCl3 was given via orogastric gavage (1600 ppm) every other day. RESULTS AlCl3-treated animals exhibited higher hepatic malondialdehyde concentration and lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, whereas these alterations were restored by the LA supplementation. Total saturated FA of the AlCl3-treated group was higher than the LA supplementation groups. Moreover, total unsaturated FA level of the LA+AlCl3 group was higher than the AlCl3-treated group. Hepatic zinc level of the AlCl3-treated group was lower than the control group, whereas it was higher in the LA and the LA+AlCl3 groups. Hepatic copper levels did not significantly change in the experimental groups. Iron level was lower in the LA and LA+AlCl3 groups compared with the AlCl3-treated group. Moreover, the liver Al concentration was found to be lower in the LA and LA+AlCl3 groups compared to the AlCl3 group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AlCl3 treatment can induce oxidative stress in the liver. LA supplementation has a beneficial effect on the AlCl3-induced alterations such as high lipid peroxidation, Al accumulation, FA profile ratios and mineral concentrations.
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Paz LNF, Moura LM, Feio DCA, Cardoso MDSG, Ximenes WLO, Montenegro RC, Alves APN, Burbano RR, Lima PDL. Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro toxicological and genotoxic potential of aluminum chloride. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:130-137. [PMID: 28211326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum and its compounds are common contaminants of water and food, as well as medications and cosmetics. The wide distribution of the element facilitates the demand for detailed studies of its biological and toxicological effects. This work aimed to evaluate the possible genotoxic and toxic activity resulting from in vivo and in vitro exposure to Al. For in vivo analysis, 40 Swiss mice were used, various concentrations of hydrated aluminum chloride were administered orally. They were analyzed for possible genic activity and metal cytotoxicity using a micronucleus test (MN), and for toxicity through histopathological evaluation of the extracted organs. For in vitro analysis, lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 3 healthy donors were used. These cells were exposed to the same chemical agent in various concentrations. In vivo study revealed a significant increase in the number of MN in all Al concentrations. Furthermore, significant alterations in all the organs evaluated were verified by the presence of irreversible lesions (such as necrosis). Corroborating these findings, a significant increase in the quantity of MN in all concentrations with lymphocytes in vitro. In light of this, we suggest that this metal presents genotoxic potential and is potentially a cause of pathological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Nazareth Fernandes Paz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Laís Mesquita Moura
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristinne A Feio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Mirella de Souza Gonçalves Cardoso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz O Ximenes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Montenegro
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula N Alves
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rommel R Burbano
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Danielle L Lima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory - Post Graduate Program of Amazon Parasitic Biology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Xu F, Liu Y, Zhao H, Yu K, Song M, Zhu Y, Li Y. Aluminum chloride caused liver dysfunction and mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder in rat. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 174:55-62. [PMID: 28605655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known to exert hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanisms mostly are unclear. Liver is a metabolism organ that maintains the energy level and structural stability of body, mitochondria are the main sites of energy metabolism, thus, we hypothesized that mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder contributes to liver dysfunction in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) treatment rat. To verify the hypothesis, forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated and orally exposed to 0, 64mg/kg, 128mg/kg and 256mg/kg body weight AlCl3 in drinking water for 120days, respectively. We found that AlCl3 exposure reduced the electron transport chain complexes I-V activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, as well as disturbed mitochondrial DNA transcript, presenting as the inhibited mRNA expressions of NADH dehydrogenase 1, NADH dehydrogenase 2, cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 and ATP synthase 6, indicating that AlCl3 exposure disturbs the mitochondrial energy metabolism, and it caused an increase in liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine aminotransferase) and histopathological lesions. Additionally, we found that reactive oxygen species accumulation and decreased superoxide dismutase activity in mitochondria, and increased 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in mitochondrial DNA, demonstrating AlCl3 exposure promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress, which may be a contributing factor to mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder and liver dysfunction. The study displayed that mitochondria are the potential target of liver damage induced by AlCl3, providing considerable direction for the prevention and clinical intervention of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Liaoning Agricultural College, Yingkou 115009, China
| | - Hansong Zhao
- Zhucheng Animal Husbandry Bureau, Zhucheng 262200, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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ElMazoudy RH, Bekhet GA. In ovo toxico-teratological effects of aluminum on embryonic chick heart and vascularization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21947-21956. [PMID: 27535157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive research and persistent arguments, the mechanism of aluminum (Al) toxicity is still obscure. It is firmly established that aluminum is a potent neurotoxicant. So, the aim based on is aluminum damage chicken heart, as well as the vitelline circulation. In the first 3 days of incubation (D0-D2), 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg aluminum chloride/0.3 ml avian saline was injected into the center of each viable fertilized egg yolk (AL1, AL2, and AL3 groups, respectively). Control eggs were either uninjected (AL0) or injected (ALS, 0.3 ml saline). Crown rump length was significantly decreased, while, embryonic mortalities, growth delay, as well as congenital heart defects were increased in the eggs injected 2.0 or 4.0 mg of Al. Although no relationship is clear about the embryonic mortality induced by Al in chicken embryos to the dose concentration, the higher mortality occurs in early developmental stages in developing chick embryos. Furthermore, chick embryos exposed to 4.0 mg/Al showed a high incidence of defects of ventricular septation and ventricular myocardium. Configuration and density of branched vitelline vessels were also significantly deteriorated after injection with 4.0 mg/Al. It concluded that Al is a cardiac teratogen for a chick in a dose-dependent way. These data highlight a novel approach for aluminum in congenital cardiovascular defects. Therefore, further research is needed to explain the teratogenicity of Al on the embryonic heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda H ElMazoudy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Biology Department, College of Science-Girls in Dammam, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gamal A Bekhet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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In vivo evaluation of mutagenic and recombinagenic activities of Brazilian propolis. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Lei W, Wang J, Hu X, Yang J, He Q. Metal Ion Imbalance-Related Oxidative Stress Is Involved in the Mechanisms of Liver Injury in a Rat Model of Chronic Aluminum Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:126-31. [PMID: 26811106 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of chronic aluminum overload on rat liver function and its induction of pathological changes in metal ion levels and oxidative stress in hepatic tissues. Wistar rats were intragastrically administered aluminum gluconate (200 mg Al(3+)/Kg) once a day, 5 days a week, for 20 weeks. HE staining was used to visualize pathological changes in rat liver tissue. A biochemical method was adopted to detect ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT levels, as well as liver SOD activity and blood plasma MDA content. A plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer was used to detect Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu ion contents in liver tissue. Our results showed obvious vacuolar degeneration, granular degeneration, and spotty necrosis in chronic Al-overload rat hepatocytes. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were significantly increased. Liver SOD activity was significantly decreased, and MDA content was significantly increased. In Al-overload rat liver, Al, Mn, Fe, and Cu contents were significantly increased, and in Al-overload rat serum, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents were significantly decreased. However, the Al level in Al-overload rat serum was not significantly different from that in control rat serum. These results suggest that chronic aluminum overload causes obvious damage to rat liver and causes imbalances in Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu levels in rat liver and serum. Metal ion imbalance-related oxidative stress may be involved in the mechanism of chronic liver injury caused by aluminum overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenjuan Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Liu L, Li G, Song Y, Li Y. Effects of aluminum chloride on serum proteins, bilirubin, and hepatic trace elements in chickens. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1693-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715578035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the hepatic metabolism function and trace elements’ distribution. Two hundred healthy male chickens (1 day old) were intraperitoneally administered with AlCl3 (0, 18.31, 27.47, and 36.62 mg kg−1 day−1 of Al3+) consecutively for 3 days. Then the chickens were allowed to rest for 1 day. The cycle lasted four days. The cycle was repeated 15 times (60 days). The contents of serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), hepatic aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were examined. The results showed that the contents of serum TP and ALB and hepatic Fe and Zn decreased and the contents of serum TBI and DBI and hepatic Al and Cu increased in the chickens with AlCl3. This indicates that chronic administration of AlCl3 impairs the hepatic metabolism function and disorders the hepatic trace elements’ distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Science and Technology Vocational College, Jilin, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Science and Technology Vocational College, Jilin, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Science and Technology Vocational College, Jilin, China
| | - Guojiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Science and Technology Vocational College, Jilin, China
| | - Yongli Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Science and Technology Vocational College, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Oda SS. The influence of Omega3 fatty acids supplementation against aluminum-induced toxicity in male albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14354-14361. [PMID: 27055897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective and antioxidant potential of Omega3 fatty acids (FAs) against aluminum intoxicated male albino rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four equal groups: group I served as control; group II (Omega3-treated) received Omega3 FAs 1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally; group III (aluminum-treated) received aluminum chloride 100 mg/kg bwt/day orally and group IV (aluminum + Omega3-treated) received aluminum chloride 100 mg/kg bwt/day and Omega3 FAs 1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally. Treatments lasted for 4 weeks. Results indicate that administration of aluminum chloride showed non-significant changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde as well as a significant reduction in serum-reduced glutathione levels. Aluminum treatment induced histopathological alterations in the liver, kidney, brain, testes, and epididymis. Omega3 FAs supplementation improved the serum parameters, enhanced endogenous antioxidant status, reduced lipid peroxidation, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological lesions. These findings reveal that Omega3 FAs supplementation can lighten the toxic effects of aluminum through their antioxidant and free radical-scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah S Oda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, P.O. Box. 22758, Edfina-Rashid-Behera, Egypt.
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Al Dera HS. Protective effect of resveratrol against aluminum chloride induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Saudi Med J 2016; 37:369-78. [PMID: 27052279 PMCID: PMC4852014 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.4.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential protective effect of resveratrol (RES) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS This experimental study was conducted from April to June 2015 at the Medical College of King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experiments were performed on 24 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups; 1) group A: control rats received only normal saline, 2) group B: received RES dissolved in normal saline, 3) group C: model group and received AlCl3 dissolved in normal saline and 4) group D: RES treated group and received concomitant doses of RES+AlCl3. All treatments were administered for consecutive 40 days. After 40 days of treatments, kidney function tests, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological assay were evaluated. RESULTS all findings clearly showed significant deteriorations in kidney function and architectures after AlCl3 exposure. This was accompanied by increased renal oxidative stress and inflammation suggesting strong pro-oxidant activity of AlCl3 in spite of its non-redox status. Resveratrol co-treatment with AlCl3 to the rats showed significant improvement in all biochemical and histological parameters related to kidney function and structure. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study showed that RES pre-administration to rats ameliorates renal damage and improves renal function in AlCl3 intoxicated rats in a mechanism related to its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain S Al Dera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abduaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Fatima ZTAHARI, Monya LABLACK, Nadia AЇTHAMADOUCHE, Zineb TAHARI, Abdelkader AOUES. Protective effect of Haloxylon salicornicum on hepatic and renal functions of Wistar rats exposed to aluminium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Saral Ö, Yildiz O, Aliyazicioğlu R, Yuluğ E, Canpolat S, Öztürk F, Kolayli S. Apitherapy products enhance the recovery of CCL4-induced hepatic damages in rats. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:194-202. [PMID: 27511354 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1411-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Our objective was to identify the antioxidant properties of honeybee products from Turkey, chestnut honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly, and their hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were fed with honeybee products for 7 days following CCl4 injection. Development of liver damage and oxidative stress were monitored by measuring the activities of the enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Antioxidant capacities of the bee products were identified using FRAP and DPPH assays, as well as by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents. RESULTS The antioxidant activities of the honeybee products were highest in propolis, followed, in order, by pollen, honey, and royal jelly. Despite their different levels of antioxidant capacity, their roles in the prevention of liver damage induced by CCl4 were very similar, which can be explained through their bioavailability to the treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly significantly enhanced the healing of CCl4-induced liver damage, partially due to their antioxidant properties and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Saral
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oktay Yildiz
- Maçka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Esin Yuluğ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Öztürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Canik Başarı University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Mitigating effect of Indian propolis against mitomycin C induced bone marrow toxicity. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1789-800. [PMID: 26590833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major drawback with cancer chemotherapy is its severe toxic effects on non-target tissues. Assessment of natural products for their protective effect against anticancer drugs-induced toxicity is gaining importance in cancer biology. The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of Indian propolis (HEIP) against mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Swiss albino mice were injected with various doses of HEIP (100, 200, 300, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg b. wt., i.p) 1 h prior to MMC (8 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The geno- and cyto-toxicities were evaluated in mice by performing bone marrow micronucleus and TUNEL assays. In vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays were carried out to understand the mechanism of the protective effects. The significant increase in the frequency of micronculeated cells (12.51 ± 0.48), apoptotic cells (23.43 ± 1.86) and reduction in P/N ratio (0.69 ± 0.04) compared with control indicated the potential geno- and cytotoxic effects of MMC in bone marrow. Pretreatment with HEIP resulted in the significant recovery of the toxic effects induced by MMC. HEIP at 400 mg/kg b. wt. was found to be the optimum dose imparting the maximum protective effects. The in vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays suggest that the extract possesses substantial free radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, HEIP possesses substantial geno- and cyto-protective properties against MMC, which could be mediated through efficient free radical scavenging and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.
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Li M, Wang XF, Shi JJ, Li YP, Yang N, Zhai S, Dang SS. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3893-3903. [PMID: 25852274 PMCID: PMC4385536 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in rats with liver fibrosis.
METHODS: A total of 75 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups: a normal group (n = 10), a vehicle group (n = 10), a model group (n = 15), a vitamin E group (n = 10), and three CAPE groups (CAPE 3, 6 and 12 mg/kg, n = 10, respectively). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by injecting CCl4 subcutaneously, feeding with high fat forage, and administering 30% alcohol orally for 10 wk. Concurrently, CAPE (3, 6 and 12 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered daily for 10 wk. After that, serum total bilirubin (TBil), aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured to assess hepatotoxicity. To investigate antioxidant activity of CAPE, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in liver tissue were determined. Moreover, the effect of CAPE on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a characteristic hallmark of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor for antioxidant systems, was investigated by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Compared to the model group, intraperitoneal administration of CAPE decreased TBil, ALT, and AST levels in liver fibrosis rats (P < 0.05), while serum TBil was decreased by CAPE in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the liver hydroxyproline contents in both the 6 and 12 mg/kg CAPE groups were markedly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). CAPE markedly decreased MDA levels and, in turn, increased GSH levels, as well as CAT and SOD activities in liver fibrosis rats compared to the model group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CAPE effectively inhibited α-SMA expression while increasing Nrf2 expression compared to the model group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The protective effects of CAPE against liver fibrosis may be due to its ability to suppress the activation of HSCs by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Bouasla I, Bouasla A, Boumendjel A, Messarah M, Abdennour C, Boulakoud MS, El Feki A. Nigella sativa oil reduces aluminium chloride-induced oxidative injury in liver and erythrocytes of rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:252-61. [PMID: 25164035 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) supplementation against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced oxidative damage in liver and erythrocytes of rats. Simultaneously, a preliminary phytochemical study was affected in order to characterize the bioactive components containing in the NSO using chemical assays. The antioxidant capacities of NSO were evaluated by DPPH assay. The results showed that NSO was found to contain large amounts of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into two groups, in which group A received standard diet, whereas group B treated daily with an oral gavage dose of 2 ml NSO/kg body weight. After 5 weeks pretreatment, both groups were divided again into two subgroups (A and B) of six animals each and treated for other 3 weeks. Therefore, subgroup A1 was served as a control which received standard diet, but subgroup A2 received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw mixed with food). Subgroup B1 received both AlCl3 and NSO; however, subgroup B2 received NSO only. Results showed that AlCl3 exhibited an increase in white blood cell counts and a marked decrease in erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin content. Plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin concentration were higher in AlCl3 group than those of the control, while albumin and total protein concentration were significantly lower. Compared to the control, a significant raise of hepatic and erythrocyte malondialdehyde level associated with a decrease in reduced glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, activities of AlCl3 treated rats. However, the administration of NSO alone or combined with AlCl3 has improved the status of all parameters studied. It can be concluded that AlCl3 has induced the oxidative stress, altered the biochemical parameters and the hepatic histological profile, but the supplementation of NSO has alleviated such toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihcene Bouasla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar, BP 12 Sidi Amar, Annaba, Algeria
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Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IMF, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 4:1-80. [PMID: 25233067 PMCID: PMC4997813 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007) . Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of "total Al"assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al(+3) to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)(+2) and Al(H2O)6 (+3)] that after complexation with O2(•-), generate Al superoxides [Al(O2(•))](H2O5)](+2). Semireduced AlO2(•) radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 (•-) and OH(•). Thus, it is the Al(+3)-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C. Willhite
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ian M. F. Arnold
- Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1074-85. [PMID: 25187318 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. DNA damage was analyzed by liver micronucleus assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in HEPs. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not DHA. On the basis of increasing treatment concentrations, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated HEPs and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. TCDD also led to significant increases in TOS content. On the contrary, in cultures treated with DHA, the level of TAC was significantly increased during treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion. DHA showed therapeutic potential against TCDD-mediated cell viability and DNA damages. As conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that DHA has protective effects against TCDD toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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El-Kenawy AEM, Hussein Osman HE, Daghestani MH. Role of propolis (bee glue) in improving histopathological changes of the kidney of rat treated with aluminum chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1000-1010. [PMID: 23172825 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to aluminum from various food additives, therapeutic treatments and the environment, and it can be potentially toxic. This study is aimed to elucidate the protective effects of propolis against aluminum chloride (AlCl3 )-induced histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in kidney tissues of rats. Sixty Wistar Albino male rats (average weight 250-300 g) were divided into three equal groups. The first served as a negative control. The second received AlCl₃ (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50). The third were administered AlCl₃ (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw). Doses were given once daily via a gavage for 8 weeks every day. The results showed that shrunken glomeruli, intraglomerular congestion, loss of apical microvilli, degeneration of mitochondria and widened rough endoplasmic reticulum were also observed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubules of these animals. Treatment with propolis ameliorated the harmful effects of AlCl₃ ; this was also proved histopathologically by the noticeable improvement in the renal tissues. There were also significant variations in the expressed of ki-67 and p53 proteins. It can be concluded that propolis may be promising as a natural therapeutic agent in AlCl₃ -induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress in rat kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-meghawry El-Kenawy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Inst., Minufiya University, Egypt; Department of pathology, College of medicine, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Pharmacological potential of Populus nigra extract as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular and hepatoprotective agent. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 3:697-704. [PMID: 23998009 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and vasorelaxant activities of Populus nigra flower buds ethanolic extract. METHODS Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were assessed using respectively the ABTS test and the animal model of carrageenan-induced paw edema. Protection from hepatic toxicity caused by aluminum was examined by histopathologic analysis of liver sections. Vasorelaxant effect was estimated in endothelium-intact and -rubbed rings of porcine coronary arteries precontracted with high concentration of U46619. RESULTS The results showed a moderate antioxidant activity (40%), but potent anti-inflammatory activity (49.9%) on carrageenan-induced mice paw edema, and also as revealed by histopathologic examination, complete protection against AlCl₃-induced hepatic toxicity. Relaxant effects of the same extract on vascular preparation from porcine aorta precontracted with high concentration of U46619 were considerable at 10⁻¹ g/L, and comparable (P>0.05) between endothelium-intact (67.74%, IC₅₀=0.04 mg/mL) and -rubbed (72.72%, IC₅₀=0.075 mg/mL) aortic rings. CONCLUSIONS The extract exerted significant anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and vasorelaxant activities, the latter being endothelium-independent believed to be mediated mainly by the ability of components present in the extract to exert antioxidant properties, probably related to an inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx.
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