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Ozkemahli G, Erkekoglu P, Ercan A, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Effects of single or combined exposure to bisphenol A and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on oxidant/antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12189-12206. [PMID: 36104651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may affect many biological processes like growth and stress response. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer that is used to harden plastics and polycarbonates. Phthalates are used to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride containing plastics. The main metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and it is even more toxic than the parent compound. Humans are usually exposed to these chemicals in mixtures by different routes starting from fetal period. However, there are not many studies in literature that investigate the combined effects of these chemicals. The aim of this study is to investigate toxic effects of BPA and/or MEHP on HepG2 cell line. We have evaluated cytotoxicity, cytomorphological, apoptotic changes, oxidative stress, oxidant/antioxidant status alterations, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Combined exposure to BPA and MEHP caused alterations in oxidant/antioxidant status and ER stress marker proteins in both cytoplasmic and nuclear cellular fractions. We can suggest that combined exposure to EDCs may cause serious toxicological outcomes and more mechanistic studies are needed to determine the combined toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ozkemahli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, 06510, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Rostamabadi H, Samandari Bahraseman MR, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K. Froriepia subpinnata Leaf Extract-Induced Apoptosis in the MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line by Increasing Intracellular Oxidative Stress. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e136643. [PMID: 38444704 PMCID: PMC10912875 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-136643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Froriepia subpinnata is one of the plants used in the diet of Iranian people. Previous studies have investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of this plant extract, but no study has been conducted on its anticancer properties. Objectives In this study, we investigated the effect of F. subpinnata extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods The inhibitory effect of F. subpinnata leaf extract was determined on the growth of cancer cells by the MTT test. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) test was used to investigate the impact of the extract on intracellular oxidative stress. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR tests were used to investigate the apoptosis-related molecular processes. The GC-MS analysis was performed to determine the most abundant components. Results The GC-MS analysis showed that phytol, mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), cinnamaldehyde, and neophytadiene constituted 60% of the extracted content. The MTT assay demonstrated that F. subpinnata leaf extract caused 50% lethality at a 400 μg/mL dose in MCF7 cells. The F. subpinnata extract at low doses decreased the ROS level for 24 hours in MCF-7, but by increasing the concentration, the ROS levels increased. At the IC50 dose (inhibitory concentration (IC) associated with 50% impact), the ROS level increased 3.5 times compared to the control group. Examining the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) showed that this antioxidant agent could prevent the lethal impact of the extract and eliminate the ROS increase in MCF7 cells. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR results showed that the extract specifically induced apoptosis through the internal apoptosis pathway in this cancer cell line. Conclusions The F. subpinnata extract induced apoptosis by increasing ROS in MCF-7 cancer cells and can be considered for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Rostamabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasoul Samandari Bahraseman
- Plant Production and Genetic Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
- Varjavand Kesht Kariman, Limited Liability Company, Kerman, Iran
| | - Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Modern Technology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Fan Y, Xu Q, Qian H, Tao C, Wan T, Li Z, Yan W, Niu R, Huang Y, Chen M, Xu Q, Martin EM, Wang X, Qin Y, Lu C. High-fat diet aggravates prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure induced spermatogenesis disorder: Characterization of testicular metabolic patterns in mouse offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134296. [PMID: 35301995 PMCID: PMC9533191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and has been identified as a male prenatal reproductive toxicant. A high fat diet (HFD) has also been suggested as another potential disruptor of male reproductive function. Despite this potential synergism between DEHP exposure and HFD, little is known about the concomitant effects of prenatal DEHP and a subsequent HFD exposure on male offspring reproductive injury. Here we established a mouse model of prenatal exposure to DEHP (0.2 mg/kg/day) to assess the testicular development and spermatogenesis in offspring subjected to obesogenic diet during the pubertal period. Gross phenotype, hormone profiles and the testicular metabolome were analyzed to determine the underlying mechanism. We found that prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP resulted in decreased sperm density, decreased testosterone (T) levels, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and testicular germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, these injury phenotypes were aggravated by pubertal HFD treatment. Testicular riboflavin and biotin metabolites were enriched implying their roles in contributing HFD to exacerbate offspring spermatogenesis disorders due to prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure. Our findings suggest that pubertal HFD exacerbates reproductive dysfunction associated with prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP in male adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingya Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Tanoren B, Parlatan U, Parlak M, Selcuk B, Ates Alkan F, Pastaci Ozsobaci N, Albeniz G, Turker Sener L, Albeniz I, Unlu MB. Determination of modifications in rat liver due to phthalate uptake by SAM, RS, and ICP-OES. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2926-2935. [PMID: 34109334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of phthalates as plasticizers has been omnipresent, especially in cosmetics and food packaging, despite the proven effects on some organs of humans and animals. Therefore, alterations in living organisms due to phthalate exposure attract the attention of many scientists. Here, we demonstrate a mechanical and chemical investigation of the mentioned effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on rat liver by utilizing scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the first time in the literature, as far as we know. The combined analysis gives insights into the degree of modification in the tissue components and which chemicals lead to these modifications. Our study shows that the acoustic impedance values of tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats are higher than those of tissues of the control mother rat, while the acoustic impedance values of tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats do not differ significantly from those of tissues of the control offspring rats of the control mother rat. Besides, RS analysis shows how the incorporation of DEHP into liver tissues changes the configuration and conformation of lipids and fatty acids. ICP-OES results show increased element levels within the tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered rats. Therefore, we can say that phthalates cause modifications within the liver. This study is a preliminary effort to investigate tissues with a mechano-chemical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Melita Parlak
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Berzem Selcuk
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
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Jadhao M, Tsai EM, Yang HC, Chen YF, Liang SS, Wang TN, Teng YN, Huang HW, Wang LF, Chiu CC. The Long-Term DEHP Exposure Confers Multidrug Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells through ABC Transporters and Intracellular ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:949. [PMID: 34208283 PMCID: PMC8230873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of phthalates had been thought to be similar to endocrine disruptors, which increases cancer risk. The role of phthalates in acquired drug resistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on acquired drug resistance in breast cancer. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were exposed to long-term physiological concentration of DEHP for more than three months. Long-exposure DEHP permanently attenuated the anti-proliferative effect of doxorubicin with estrogen receptor-independent activity even after withdrawal of DEHP. Long term DEHP exposure significantly reduced ROS (O2-) level in MDA-MB-231 cells while increased in MCF7 cells. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters possess a widely recognized mechanism of drug resistance and are considered a target for drug therapy. Upregulation of ABC family proteins, ABCB-1 and ABCC-1 observed in DEHP-exposed clones compared to doxorubicin-resistant (DoxR) and parental MDA-MB-231 cells. A viability assay showed enhanced multidrug resistance in DEHP-exposed clones against Dox, topotecan, and irinotecan. Inhibition of ABC transporters with tariquidar, enhanced drug cytotoxicity through increased drug accumulation reversing acquired multidrug resistance in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Tariquidar enhanced Dox cytotoxicity by increasing intracellular ROS production leading to caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling enhanced proliferation and growth of DEHP-exposed MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, long-term DEHP exposure resulted in acquired multidrug resistance by upregulating ABCB-1 and ABCC1; apart from proliferation PI3K/Akt may be responsible for acquired drug resistance through ABC transporter upregulation. Targeting ABCB1 and ABCC1 with tariquidar may be a promising strategy for reversing the acquired multidrug resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Jadhao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; or
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chun Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (S.-S.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Tsu-Nai Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; or
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (S.-S.L.)
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ahmadi K, Roshan-Milani S, Asgharzadeh F, Pourjabali M, Fard AA. In Vitro and In Vivo Pretreatment with Selenium Mitigates Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Testicular Cell Apoptosis: the Role of AKT and p53 Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2278-2287. [PMID: 32815089 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Exocannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may alter the physiological function of endocannabinoids in male reproduction and thus affect male fertility. This study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of THC via mechanisms related to p53 and AKT signaling pathways on Sertoli cells and seminiferous germinal cells, as well as the possible protective role of selenium pretreatment in both in vitro and in vivo models. The Mus musculus Sertoli cell line, TM4, was used for in vitro experiments. The TM4 cells were cultured and exposed to selenium (2 μM, 48 h) and THC (470 μM, 24 h). The MTT test was performed to evaluate cell viability. Fifteen male Wistar rats (220 ± 20 g) were used for in vivo experiments and divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 5 mg/kg, dissolved in DMSO 5%, i.p., for 21 consecutive days), and (3) THC + selenium (selenium, 0.5 mg/kg per day, i.p.). At the end of the experiments, Sertoli cells and testis tissue samples were collected for biochemical (AKT, P53), cell apoptosis, and histological analyses. The results of the in vitro study revealed that THC significantly decreases the cell viability (p < 0.001) and expression of the p-AKt protein (p < 0.05) and increases Sertoli cells' apoptosis (p < 0.001) and p53 protein expression (p < 0.001). The in vivo effects of THC were in line with the in vitro results. Pretreatment with selenium (as sodium selenite) significantly decreased the THC-induced Sertoli cell and testicular tissue damages in the rats. Pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the selenium-pretreated rats. Collectively, these data suggest that pretreatment with selenium is able to protect against THC-induced testicular cell damage. The attenuating effect of selenium may be due to its anti-apoptotic activity through the p53 and AKT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Ahmadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asgharzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Pourjabali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahzade Fard
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center & Department of Physiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Wang J, Zhao T, Chen J, Kang L, Wei Y, Wu Y, Han L, Shen L, Long C, Wu S, Wei G. Multiple transcriptomic profiling: p53 signaling pathway is involved in DEHP-induced prepubertal testicular injury via promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation of Leydig cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124316. [PMID: 33162236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely-used plasticizer and has long been recognized as an endocrine-disrupting chemical with male reproductive toxicities. DEHP exposure at the prepubertal stage may lead to extensive testicular injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we gavaged male C57BL/6 mice with different concentrations of DEHP (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg-bw·d) from postnatal day 22-35, and exposed TM3 Leydig cells with 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μM of MEHP (bioactive metabolite of DEHP) for 12-48 h. RNA sequencing was performed both in testicular tissue and TM3 cells. The results showed that DEHP disrupts testicular development and reduces serum testosterone levels in male prepubertal mice. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification have revealed that DEHP/MEHP induces cell cycle arrest in TM3 cells and increases apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the p53 signaling pathway was found to be activated upon DEHP/MEHP treatment. The inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α significantly reduced MEHP-induced injuries in TM3 cells. Cumulatively, these findings revealed the involvement of the p53 signaling pathway in DEHP-induced prepubertal testicular injury by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation of Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lian Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lindong Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, PR China
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Lee JW, Thuy PX, Han HK, Moon EY. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H 2O 2 production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1247-1258. [PMID: 33526986 PMCID: PMC7847613 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) that is one of the most commonly used phthalates in manufacturing plastic wares regulates tumorigenesis. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4), an actin-sequestering protein, has been reported as a novel regulator to form primary cilia that are antenna-like organelles playing a role in various physiological homeostasis and pathological development including tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated whether DEHP affects tumor growth via primary cilium (PC) formation via the axis of TB4 gene expression and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tumor growth was increased by DEHP treatment that enhanced TB4 expression, PC formation and ROS production. The number of cells with primary cilia was enhanced time-dependently higher in HeLa cells incubated in the culture medium with 0.1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The number of cells with primary cilia was decreased by the inhibition of TB4 expression. The incubation of cells with 0.1% FBS enhanced ROS production and the transcriptional activity of TB4 that was reduced by ciliobrevin A (CilioA), the inhibitor of ciliogenesis. ROS production was decreased by catalase treatment but not by mito-TEMPO, which affected to PC formation with the same trend. H2O2 production was reduced by siRNA-based inhibition of TB4 expression. H2O2 also increased the number of ciliated cells, which was reduced by siRNA-TB4 or the co-incubation with CilioA. Tumor cell viability was maintained by ciliogenesis, which was correlated with the changes of intracellular ATP amount rather than a simple mitochondrial enzyme activity. TB4 overexpression enhanced PC formation and DEHP-induced tumor growth. Taken together, data demonstrate that DEHP-induced tumor growth might be controlled by PC formation via TB4-H2O2 axis. Therefore, it suggests that TB4 could be a novel bio-marker to expect the risk of DEHP on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Xuan Thuy
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kyoung Han
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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9
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Amara I, Salah A, Timoumi R, Annabi E, Scuto M, Trovato A, Neffati F, Calabrese V, Abid-Essefi S. Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Nrf2-regulated glutathione homeostasis in mouse kidney. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:919-928. [PMID: 32500380 PMCID: PMC7591664 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as phthalate have been involved in multiple health disorders including renal diseases. Oxidative damage is implicated in many alterations caused by phthalate especially the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is the most useful phthalate. However, information regarding its mechanism of renal damage is lacking. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. The aim of this study was to assess whether DEHP affects the Nrf2 pathway and the GSH concentration. Mice were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups treated with DEHP at different concentrations (5, 50, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Our results showed that DEHP altered the normal levels of serum biochemical parameters creatinine (CREA), urea, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This phthalate caused oxidative damage through the induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation as marked by increase of protein carbonyl (PC) and loss of protein-bound sulfhydryls (PSH). Simultaneously, DEHP treatment decreased the protein level of Nrf-2, HO-1, and GCLC (responsible of GSH synthesis) and decreased the GSH level. Inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway is related to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This apoptotic process is evidenced by an upregulation of p53 and Bax protein levels in addition to a downregulation of Bcl-2. Collectively, our data demonstrated that depletion of Nrf2 and GSH was associated with the elevation of oxidative stress and the activation of intrinsic apoptosis in mouse kidney treated with DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amal Salah
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Monastir University Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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10
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Batista-Silva H, Dambrós BF, Rodrigues K, Cesconetto PA, Zamoner A, Sousa de Moura KR, Gomes Castro AJ, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Acute exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate disrupts calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress in the testis of Danio rerio. Biochimie 2020; 175:23-33. [PMID: 32417457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) negatively affects testicular functions in different animal species, disturbing reproductive physiology and male fertility. The present study investigated the in vitro acute effect of BEHP on the mechanism of action of ionic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and energy metabolism. In addition, the effect of BEHP on oxidative stress was studied in vitro and in vivo in the testis of Danio rerio (D. rerio). Testes were treated in vitro for 30 min with 1 μM BEHP for 45Ca2+ influx measurements. Testes were also incubated with 1 μM BEHP for 1 h (in vitro) or 12 h (in vivo) for the measurements of lactate content, 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the effect of BEHP (1 μM) on GGT, glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT) activity in the liver was evaluated after in vivo treatment for 12 h. BEHP disturbs the Ca2+ balance in the testis when given acutely in vitro. BEHP stimulated Ca2+ influx occurs through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC), transitory receptor potential vaniloid (TRPV1) channels, reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activation and inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). BEHP affected energy metabolism in the testis by decreasing the lactate content and LDH activity. In vitro and in vivo acute effects of BEHP promoted oxidative stress by increasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation and GGT activity in the testis. Additionally, BEHP caused liver damage by increasing GPT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betina Fernanda Dambrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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11
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Ashari S, Karami M, Shokrzadeh M, Ghandadi M, Ghassemi-Barghi N, Dashti A, Ranaee M, Mohammadi H. The implication of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative damage in di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced nephrotoxicity in both in vivo and in vitro models. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:427-437. [PMID: 32312132 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1758980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its main metabolite, monoethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP), are a serious threat to human and animals' health in the current century. However, their exact mechanism to induce nephrotoxicity is not clear. In the current study, we addressed toxic effects of MEHP and DEHP on embryonic human kidney cells (HEK-293 cell line) and kidney tissue of rats, respectively. In the HEK-293, MTT assay and oxidative stress parameters were measured after treatment with different concentrations of MEHP. For in vivo study, rats were treated with different doses of DEHP (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) via gavage administration for 45 days. The renal function biomarkers (BUN and creatinine) were determined in serum of rats. Mitochondrial toxic parameters including MTT, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and also oxidative stress parameters were measured in isolated kidney mitochondria. Histopathological effects of DEHP were also evaluated in rats' kidneys. We demonstrated that MEHP induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The administration of DEHP led to histopathological changes in kidney tissue, which concurred with BUN and creatinine alternations in serum of rats. The results of present study showed a significant mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress confirmed by enhancement of mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduction of MMP and mitochondrial glutathione (GSH). Taken together, this study showed that DEHP/MEHP resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage, which suggest a vital role of mitochondria in DEHP/MEHP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Ashari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghandadi
- Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghassemi-Barghi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayat Dashti
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Clinical Research Development Center, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Rouhani hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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12
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Amara I, Timoumi R, Annabi E, Di Rosa G, Scuto M, Najjar MF, Calabrese V, Abid-Essefi S. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate targets the thioredoxin system and the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway in liver of Balb/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:78-86. [PMID: 31486570 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that gives flexibility to various polyvinyl chloride products. It is a pollutant easily released into the environment and can cause many adverse effects to living organisms including hepatotoxicity. The thioredoxin system is a determining factor in the redox balance maintaining in the liver, which is a vulnerable tissue of reactive oxygen species overproduction because of its high energy needs. In order to determine if the thioredoxin system is a target in the development of DEHP hepatotoxicity, Balb/c mice were administered with DEHP intraperitoneally daily for 30 days. Results demonstrated that after DEHP exposure, biochemical profile changes were observed. This phthalate causes oxidative damage through the induction of lipid peroxydation as well as the increase of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. As new evidence provided in this study, we demonstrated that the DEHP affected the thioredoxin system by altering the expression and the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR1). The two enzyme activities of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also affected by this phthalate. This leads to a decrease in the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate used by the TrxR1 to maintain the regeneration of the reduced Trx. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible of DEHP-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gabriele Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mohamed F Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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13
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Mo N, Zhang M, Wang R, Xia S, Meng F, Qian Y, Li M. Effects of α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on growth performance, antioxidant status and immune response of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108615. [PMID: 31493583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of yellow catfish to EE2 and DEHP: control group was exposed to DMSO; EE2 group was exposed to 1.0 μg/L EE2; DEHP group was exposed to 1.0 mg/L DEHP; mix group was exposed to 1.0 μg/L EE2 and 1.0 mg/L DEHP. The experiment continued for 56 days. Fish survival rate was not different among experimental groups. Fish in DEHP and mix groups had the highest weight gain, and lowest value appeared in control group. The highest hepatosomatic index was found in DEHP and mix groups. Serum alanine transaminase of fish in control group was lower than other groups, but the alkaline phosphatase value was the highest. Serum total anti-oxidation capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of fish in control group were higher than other groups, but malondialdehyde content is opposite. Respiratory burst and phagocytic indices of fish in EE2 group were the lowest. After 96 h of ammonia stress, the survival rate of fish in mix group was significantly lower than control group. This study indicates that EE2 and DEHP exposure can lead to gain weight of yellow catfish, which is related to liver damage and fat accumulation; EE2 and DEHP exerts its toxic effects by inducing ROS generation, leading to lipid peroxidation and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Silei Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunxia Qian
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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14
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Shi L, Jiang L, Zhang X, Yang G, Zhang C, Yao X, Wu X, Fu M, Sun X, Liu X. Pyrroloquinoline quinone protected autophagy-dependent apoptosis induced by mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in INS-1 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:194-211. [PMID: 31661991 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119882983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the main metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in organisms and is commonly used as a plasticizer. Exposure to DEHP impairs the function of islet beta cells (INS-1 cells), which is related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. At present, some research data have also confirmed that MEHP has a certain damage effect on INS-1 cells. In our experiment, we found that MEHP would lead to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the upregulation of autophagy. And downregulated ROS production by N-acetyl-L-cysteine could also reduce autophagy. In addition, MEHP-induced lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) subsequently released cathepsin D. Additionally, MEHP induced the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine relieved MEHP-induced apoptosis as assessed by the expression of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, indicating that MEHP-induced apoptosis was autophagy dependent. Cathepsin D inhibitor, pepstatin A, suppressed MEHP-induced mitochondria release of cytochrome c and apoptosis as well. Meanwhile, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a new B vitamin, improved the above phenomenon. Taken together, our results indicate that MEHP induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in INS-1 cells by lysosomal-mitochondrial axis. PQQ improved this process by downregulating ROS and provided a degree of protection. Our study provides a new perspective for MEHP on the cytotoxic mechanism and PQQ protection in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - L Jiang
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - G Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - X Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - M Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chang WH, Tsai YS, Wang JY, Chen HL, Yang WH, Lee CC. Sex hormones and oxidative stress mediated phthalate-induced effects in prostatic enlargement. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:184-192. [PMID: 30798199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic enlargement might affect up to 30% of men and can cause signs and symptoms in the lower urinary tract in the elderly. Imbalanced estrogen and androgen secretions are important in prostatic physiopathology. Phthalates-environmental endocrine disruptors-affect androgen secretion and disrupt sexual organs, including testes and the prostate, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, we recruited from urology clinics in southern Taiwan 207 elderly men diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic enlargement between 2015 and 2017. We took blood and urine samples from all patients on the same day. We used multivariate linear regression, associations, and potential interactions after we had measured and analyzed oxidative stress (OS) markers, steroidal hormones, and 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, and then we adjusted for confounders. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels, particularly urinary mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, were positively associated with androgen, estrogen, hormone ratios, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV) (p < 0.05). PV and PSA were positively associated with androgen, estrogen, hormone ratios and OS markers (p < 0.05). The estimated percentages of exposure to phthalates in prostatic enlargement mediated by androgen, estrogen, and OS markers ranged from 3.5% to 63.1%. Exposure to DEHP promoted the progress of BPH by increasing dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), the converted enzymes aromatase and 5α reductase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (8-OHdG and iNOS) production. Sex hormones and OS might be important hyperplasia-promoters after a patient has been exposed to phthalates, especially to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Horng Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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Zhou L, Chen H, Xu Q, Han X, Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao T, Ye L. The effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:391-398. [PMID: 30550969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) can induce lipid metabolic disorder. There was a chronic low level inflammatory response in adipose tissue of patients with lipid metabolic disorder. But the effect of inflammation on lipid metabolic disorder induced by DEHP is unclear. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder in rats. METHODS Eighty healthy 21-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and administered DEHP by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/ d for 8 weeks. Morphological changes of adipose tissue, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, LEP, and ADP in rat serum and adipose tissue, the serum TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related gene CEBP/β and inflammation-related gene CD68 were measured. RESULTS After exposure to DEHP, the weight of rats in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). And the number of adipose tissue cells in the medium-dose and high-dose DEHP groups increased, with much more macrophage infiltrated. The levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC in serum and LEP in adipose tissue of rats exposed to 500 mg/kg DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05); while the level of ADP in adipose tissue in rats exposed to DEHP was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in surum and adipose tissue of rats exposed to DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of CEBP/β and CD68 in adipose tissue of rats exposed to DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group. The TC, LEP and ADP Levels of rats were significantly different among different subgroup of IL-1β and TNF-α, and in high level subgroup, the TC, LEP and ADP Levels were increased. The levels of TC and LEP was increased in high level subgroup of CD68. CONCLUSION DEHP induced more macrophage infiltrated in adipose tissue of rats, promoted the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and the formation of inflammation, and disturbed the normal lipid metabolism and lead to lipid metabolic disorders. What is more, the levels of inflammation were associated with the lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
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17
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Zhu F, Zhu C, Zhou D, Gao J. Fate of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its impact on soil bacterial community under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:84-93. [PMID: 30359920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of oxygen on the degradation of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the accumulation of its monoester metabolite mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and their impact on soil bacterial communities. Soil microcosms artificially contaminated with DEHP (0, 100 and 1000 mg kg-1) were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic flooded conditions, and sacrificed after 0, 21 and 42 days. The results indicated that DEHP degradation proceeded at similar rates in aerobic and anaerobic flooded soils, but accumulation of metabolite MEHP was more likely to occur in anaerobic soils. Moreover, MEHP generated from DEHP degradation seemed to be readily released into the water phase, which may arouse health concerns. Illumina Miseq sequencing showed that MEHP had a greater impact on soil bacterial community than DEHP at the same dosage, and a wide range of bacterial phylotypes were inhibited by MEHP under anaerobic conditions. High DEHP contamination (1000 mg kg-1) significantly reduced bacterial diversity and altered bacterial community structure under anaerobic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions. Firmicutes was constantly inhibited by DEHP under both aerobic (Bacillus) and anaerobic (unclassified Clostridiales Family_XVIII) conditions. On the other hand, bacterial phylotypes belonging to Actinobacteria, β-Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadaceae were constantly enriched by DEHP in anaerobic soils, however no such a clear pattern existed in aerobic soils. This work greatly expanded our understanding of the fate of DEHP and its modifying effect on bacterial communities under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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18
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Chen J, Zhou X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Cao C, Dong R, Yuan Y, Wang M, Lu Y, Wu M, Li S, Chen B. Association between urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites and impaired renal function in Shanghai adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:149-162. [PMID: 30415034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to phthalates is reported to be associated with increased incidence of microalbuminuria and low-grade albuminuria in children and adolescents. However, this phenomenon of phthalate-related nephrotoxicity is unknown in adults. METHODS Urine samples of 1663 adults from the 2012 Shanghai Food Consumption Survey (SHFCS) were measured for 10 metabolites of 6 phthalates and for renal function parameters. Their associations were explored by linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that all three renal function parameters (albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), β2-microglobulin (B2M), and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG)) are positively associated with six metabolites, including mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyphthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexylphthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentylphthalate (MECPP), and mono-2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate (MCMHP) (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the prevalence of hyperALBuria, hyperB2Muria, hyperNAGuria, or potentially impaired renal function (PIRF) were positively associated with urinary levels of MBzP, MEOHP, and MECPP, respectively (P < 0.05). Co-exposure to identified risk metabolites monoethylphthalate (MEP), MBzP, MEHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MEHHP, and MCMHP increased the risk of having impaired renal function. CONCLUSION Certain metabolites of phthalates, including bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and benzyle butyl phthalate (BBzP), were associated with impaired renal function in Shanghai adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yueming Liu
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Cao
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Molino C, Filippi S, Stoppiello GA, Meschini R, Angeletti D. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) embryonic cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 56:118-125. [PMID: 30685479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Marine litter is extensively distributed in the marine environment, and plastic debris, of which litter is mostly composed, can be a major source of pollutants. Among them, Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundantly used plastic additive, and it has been reported to affect biochemical processes both in humans and wildlife; however, studies on its toxicological effects on marine organisms are still scarce. In this survey, we studied the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of DEHP in European sea bass embryonic cell line (DLEC) by applying specific in vitro tests. Results showed a significant decrease in cell viability starting at 0.01 mM of DEHP after 24 h together with a significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis, morphological changes and cell detachment. Consistently, we detected a moderate increase in DNA strand breaks from 0.02 mM, and a dose-dependent increase in of micronucleus frequency from 0.01 mM, accompanied by a significant inhibition of cell proliferation, which suggested a possible aneugenic effect of this phthalate. Our results demonstrate that in vitro exposure to DEHP had a dose-dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in DLEC cell line, encouraging further investigation into its effects in in vivo and/or ex vivo cell systems of marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Molino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), University of Tuscia, Borgo Le Saline, 01016 Tarquinia, VT, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Filippi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gerardo Antonio Stoppiello
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberta Meschini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Dario Angeletti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), University of Tuscia, Borgo Le Saline, 01016 Tarquinia, VT, Italy
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20
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Yang WK, Chiang LF, Tan SW, Chen PJ. Environmentally relevant concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure alter larval growth and locomotion in medaka fish via multiple pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:512-522. [PMID: 29864665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer, with evidence of ubiquitous human exposure and widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment. It is an emerging environmental pollutant with regulatory priority; however, most studies have focused on the toxicity of DEHP related to endocrine disruption and reproduction in mammals. The ecotoxicological impact of phthalates (e.g., DEHP) on early life stages of fish under environmentally relevant concentrations of chronic exposure remains unclear. In this study, 7-day post-hatching fry of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) underwent 21-day continuous exposure to DEHP solutions at 20, 100 and 200 μg/L to assess the effects on fish development and locomotion and related toxic mechanisms. Larval mortality was low with DEHP (20-200 μg/L) within 21 days, but such exposure significantly reduced fish body weight and length and altered swimming behavior. At 21 days, DEHP exposure resulted in specific patterns of larval locomotion (e.g., increased maximum velocity and absolute turn angle) and dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase (ache) but did not alter AChE activity. Transcriptional expression of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor genes was significantly suppressed with 21-day DEHP exposure (20-200 μg/L), with marginal alteration in reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant activities within the dosing period. As well, DEHP altered the mRNA expression of p53-regulated apoptosis pathways, such as upregulated p53, p21 and bcl-2 and downregulated caspase-3 expression, with increased enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in larvae. Our results suggest that toxic mechanisms of waterborne DEHP altered fish growth and locomotion likely via a combined effect of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chiang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Tan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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21
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Xia B, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu J, Song Q, Sun Z, Zhang Y. In utero and lactational exposure of DEHP increases the susceptibility of prostate carcinogenesis in male offspring through PSCA hypomethylation. Toxicol Lett 2018; 292:78-84. [PMID: 29689378 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As an ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptor, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been shown to interfere with the development of reproductive organs and induce pathological changes in prostate. Our previous finding showed that in utero and lactational (IUL) DEHP exposure could disrupt the balance of testosterone and estrogen and increase the susceptibility of prostate carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the early-life specific epigenetic modifications could mediate the effect of DEHP exposure on prostate carcinogenesis in rodents, for epigenetic modifications play important roles in regulating prostate carcinogenesis. The pregnant rats were treated with corn oil (negative control) or DEHP at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg BW/day from GD7 to PND21. On PND21, the expression and DNA methylation change of six prostate carcinogenesis-related genes (ESR2/GSTP1/NKX3.1/PSCA/PTGS2/Rassf1a) were assessed through SYBR-Green real-time PCR combined with pyrosequencing assay in F1 male offspring. On PND196, the relationship b(STP1, PSCA and PTGS2 in a dose-dependent manner, which were positively correlated with PIN scores, Gleason scores, serum PSA concentrations and negatively correlated with prostate/body weight ratio on PND196. Meanwhile, 1 mg/kg BW/day DEHP markedly reduced DNA methylation level of PSCA in all studied CpG sites. Significant inverse correlations between methylation levels of the promoter CpG site and PSCA mRNA expression were observed. These results indicated that transcriptional changes of GSTP1, PSCA and PTGS2 induced by DEHP exposure might be contribute to the increasing susceptibility of prostate carcinogenesis in late life. Moreover, hypomethylation of PSCA could mediate the effect of DEHP on prostate carcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Lan M, Zang XW, Li YL, Cui XS, Kim NH, Sun SC. Melatonin protects oocytes from MEHP exposure-induced meiosis defects in porcine†. Biol Reprod 2018; 98:286-298. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Wei Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Lun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Zhang J, Song W, Sun Y, Shan A. Effects of phoxim-induced hepatotoxicity on SD rats and the protection of vitamin E. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24916-24927. [PMID: 28918601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, public pay more attention to the adverse effect of organophosphate pesticides on human and animal health and on the environment in developing nations. Vitamin E may protect the hepatocyte and increase the function of liver. The study was to investigate the effects of phoxim-induced hepatotoxicity on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and the protection of vitamin E. SD rats received by gavage 180 mg kg-1 (per body weight) of phoxim, 200 mg kg-1 (per body weight) of vitamin E, and phoxim + vitamin E. The results showed that exposure to phoxim elevated liver coefficient; glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total bile acid, and alanine aminotransferase in the serum; ROS in the liver; and the expression of p53, Bax, CYP2E1, ROS, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3, while phoxim caused a reduction of total protein, albumin, and cholinesterase in the serum; acetylcholinesterase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione in the liver; and the expression of Bcl-2. Vitamin E modified the phoxim-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing the GGT in the serum, malondialdehyde in the liver, and the expression of CYP2E1 significantly. There were no significant changes of globulin in the serum, the activity of catalase in the liver, as well as expression levels of Fas and Bad in the liver. Overall, subacute exposure to phoxim induced hepatic injury, oxidative stress damage, and cell apoptosis. Vitamin E modified phoxim-induced hepatotoxicity slightly. And, vitamin E minimized oxidative stress damage and ultrastructural changes in rat hepatocytes notably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Long-term di (2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate exposure promotes proliferation and survival of HepG2 cells via activation of NFκB. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Viswanathan MP, Mullainadhan V, Chinnaiyan M, Karundevi B. Effects of DEHP and its metabolite MEHP on insulin signalling and proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation in cultured L6 myotubes. Toxicology 2017; 386:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Fu G, Dai J, Zhang D, Zhu L, Tang X, Zhang L, Zhou T, Duan P, Quan C, Zhang Z, Song S, Shi Y. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in GC-2spd cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1055-1064. [PMID: 27416487 PMCID: PMC5673478 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer of synthetic polymers, is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) and reproductive toxicant. Addressing the unclear mechanism of DEHP-induced reproductive dysfunction, this study used GC-2spd cells to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the DEHP-induced toxicity in the male reproductive system. The results indicated that the apoptotic cell death was significantly induced by DEHP exposure over 100 μM. Furthermore, DEHP treatment could induce oxidative stress in GC-2spd cells involving in the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (200 μM) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (50 and 100 μM). In addition, DEHP induction also caused the elevated ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, release of cytochrome c and decomposition of procaspase-3 and procaspase-9 in GC-2spd cells. Taken together, our work provided the evidence that DEHP exposure might induce apoptosis of GC-2spd cells via mitochondria pathway mediated by oxidative stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1055-1064, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Dai
- Department of Non-communicable chronic disease prevention and control, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, 24 Jianghan N.Road, Wuhan, 430015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lishan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Shizhen Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Sant KE, Dolinoy DC, Jilek JL, Sartor MA, Harris C. Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate disrupts neurulation and modifies the embryonic redox environment and gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:32-48. [PMID: 27167697 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mono-2-ethylhexl phthalate (MEHP) is the primary metabolite of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a ubiquitous contaminant in plastics. This study sought to determine how structural defects caused by MEHP in mouse whole embryo culture were related to temporal and spatial patterns of redox state and gene expression. MEHP reduced morphology scores along with increased incidence of neural tube defects. Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) concentrations fluctuated spatially and temporally in embryo (EMB) and visceral yolk sac (VYS) across the 24h culture. Redox potentials (Eh) for GSSG/GSH were increased by MEHP in EMB (12h) but not in VYS. CySS/CyS Eh in EMB and VYS were significantly increased at 3h and 24h, respectively. Gene expression at 6h showed that MEHP induced selective alterations in EMB and VYS for oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism pathways. Overall, MEHP affects neurulation, alters Eh, and spatially alters the expression of metabolic genes in the early organogenesis-stage mouse conceptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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28
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Ha M, Wei L, Guan X, Li L, Liu C. p53-dependent apoptosis contributes to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:416-425. [PMID: 26549752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used extensively in many personal care and consumer products, resulting in widespread non-occupational human exposure through multiple routes and media. DEHP has various deleterious effects including hepatotoxicity. p53 protein is a central sensor in cell apoptosis. In order to clarify the roles of p53 in DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were dosed daily with DEHP by gavage for 30 days; BRL cells (rat liver cell line) were treated with DEHP for 24 h after pretreatment with NAC or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results indicated that after exposure to DEHP, hepatic histological changes such as hepatocyte edema, vacuolation and hepatic sinusoidal dilation, and increased apoptosis index were observed. In the liver, DEHP induced oxidative stress and DNA damage, which activated p53 in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with NAC significantly reduced ROS level and p53 expression in BRL cells. The suppressed Mdm2 also contributed to p53 accumulation. Activated p53 mediated hepatocyte apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, inhibiting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and inducing pro-apoptotic Bax, cytochrome c and caspases. In p53-silenced BRL cells, hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by p53 was attenuated. PCNA protein level was upregulated after p53 gene silencing. However, the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway did not exhibit activated signs in DEHP-caused hepatotoxicity. Taken together, DEHP-caused oxidative stress and Mdm2 downregulation contribute to p53 activation. The p53-dependent apoptotic pathway plays critical and indispensable roles in DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity, while the Fas/FasL pathway does not involve in this molecular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ha
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Xie Guan
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Lianbing Li
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, PR China.
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Narayanan KB, Ali M, Barclay BJ, Cheng QS, D'Abronzo L, Dornetshuber-Fleiss R, Ghosh PM, Gonzalez Guzman MJ, Lee TJ, Leung PS, Li L, Luanpitpong S, Ratovitski E, Rojanasakul Y, Romano MF, Romano S, Sinha RK, Yedjou C, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Brown DG, Ryan EP, Colacci A, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Salem HK, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Kim SY, Bisson WH, Lowe L, Park HH. Disruptive environmental chemicals and cellular mechanisms that confer resistance to cell death. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S89-110. [PMID: 26106145 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a process of dying within biological cells that are ceasing to function. This process is essential in regulating organism development, tissue homeostasis, and to eliminate cells in the body that are irreparably damaged. In general, dysfunction in normal cellular death is tightly linked to cancer progression. Specifically, the up-regulation of pro-survival factors, including oncogenic factors and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors, including tumor suppressive factors, confers resistance to cell death in tumor cells, which supports the emergence of a fully immortalized cellular phenotype. This review considers the potential relevance of ubiquitous environmental chemical exposures that have been shown to disrupt key pathways and mechanisms associated with this sort of dysfunction. Specifically, bisphenol A, chlorothalonil, dibutyl phthalate, dichlorvos, lindane, linuron, methoxychlor and oxyfluorfen are discussed as prototypical chemical disruptors; as their effects relate to resistance to cell death, as constituents within environmental mixtures and as potential contributors to environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
| | - Manaf Ali
- Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia
| | | | - Qiang Shawn Cheng
- Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Leandro D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez Guzman
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suidjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Edward Ratovitski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo, 12515, Egypt
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advenced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA and
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
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30
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Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Brown DG, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Lowe L, Guarnieri T, Bisson WH. Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S232-53. [PMID: 26106141 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging area in environmental toxicology is the role that chemicals and chemical mixtures have on the cells of the human immune system. This is an important area of research that has been most widely pursued in relation to autoimmune diseases and allergy/asthma as opposed to cancer causation. This is despite the well-recognized role that innate and adaptive immunity play as essential factors in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the role that the innate immune cells of inflammatory responses play in tumorigenesis. Focus is placed on the molecules and pathways that have been mechanistically linked with tumor-associated inflammation. Within the context of chemically induced disturbances in immune function as co-factors in carcinogenesis, the evidence linking environmental toxicant exposures with perturbation in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is reviewed. Reported effects of bisphenol A, atrazine, phthalates and other common toxicants on molecular and cellular targets involved in tumor-associated inflammation (e.g. cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2, nuclear factor kappa B, nitric oxide synthesis, cytokines and chemokines) are presented as example chemically mediated target molecule perturbations relevant to cancer. Commentary on areas of additional research including the need for innovation and integration of systems biology approaches to the study of environmental exposures and cancer causation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medical School, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada, Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA, Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Appl
| | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of South Korea
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- The Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur St, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada
| | - Tiziana Guarnieri
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d' Oro, 305, 00136 Roma, Italy and
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Kravchenko J, Corsini E, Williams MA, Decker W, Manjili MH, Otsuki T, Singh N, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J, Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson WH, Lowe L, Lyerly HK. Chemical compounds from anthropogenic environment and immune evasion mechanisms: potential interactions. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S111-27. [PMID: 26002081 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggest an important role of host immunity as a barrier to tumor formation and progression. Complex mechanisms and multiple pathways are involved in evading innate and adaptive immune responses, with a broad spectrum of chemicals displaying the potential to adversely influence immunosurveillance. The evaluation of the cumulative effects of low-dose exposures from the occupational and natural environment, especially if multiple chemicals target the same gene(s) or pathway(s), is a challenge. We reviewed common environmental chemicals and discussed their potential effects on immunosurveillance. Our overarching objective was to review related signaling pathways influencing immune surveillance such as the pathways involving PI3K/Akt, chemokines, TGF-β, FAK, IGF-1, HIF-1α, IL-6, IL-1α, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PDL-1 could individually or collectively impact immunosurveillance. A number of chemicals that are common in the anthropogenic environment such as fungicides (maneb, fluoxastrobin and pyroclostrobin), herbicides (atrazine), insecticides (pyridaben and azamethiphos), the components of personal care products (triclosan and bisphenol A) and diethylhexylphthalate with pathways critical to tumor immunosurveillance. At this time, these chemicals are not recognized as human carcinogens; however, it is known that they these chemicalscan simultaneously persist in the environment and appear to have some potential interfere with the host immune response, therefore potentially contributing to promotion interacting with of immune evasion mechanisms, and promoting subsequent tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kravchenko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, School of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marc A Williams
- MEDCOM Army Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Portfolio - Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, Baltimore, MD 21010, USA
| | - William Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Faha Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1680, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1680, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA,
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Nova Scotia, Canada and
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Asghari MH, Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. A Review on the Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Phthalate-Induced Toxicity in Various Organs with a Focus on the Reproductive System. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.95.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McKelvey SM, Horgan KA, Murphy RA. Chemical form of selenium differentially influences DNA repair pathways following exposure to lead nitrate. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:151-69. [PMID: 25023848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead, an environmental toxin is known to induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in humans through a number of mechanisms including the deactivation of antioxidants thus leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent DNA damage. Selenium on the other hand has been proven to play an important role in the protection of cells from free radical damage and oxidative stress, though its effects are thought to be form and dose dependent. As the liver is the primary organ required for metabolite detoxification, HepG2 cells were chosen to assess the protective effects of various selenium compounds following exposure to the genotoxic agent lead nitrate. Initially DNA damage was quantified using a comet assay, gene expression patterns associated with DNA damage and signalling were also examined using PCR arrays and the biological pathways which were most significantly affected by selenium were identified. Interestingly, the organic type selenium compounds (selenium yeast and selenomethionine) conferred protection against lead induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells; this is evident by reduction in the quantity of DNA present in the comet tail of cells cultured in their presence with lead. This trend also followed through the gene expression changes noted in DNA damage pathways analysed. These results were in contrast with those of inorganic sodium selenite which promoted lead induced DNA damage evident in both the comet assay results and the gene expression analysis. Over all this study provided valuable insights into the effects which various selenium compounds had on the DNA damage and signalling pathway indicating the potential for using organic forms of selenium such as selenium enriched yeast to protect against DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M McKelvey
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland.
| | - Karina A Horgan
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Richard A Murphy
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
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Abstract
Many of the environmental, occupational and industrial chemicals are able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress. ROS may lead to genotoxicity, which is suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and are well-known peroxisome proliferators (PPs) and endocrine disruptors. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted concerning the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of phthalates. Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and several other phthalates are shown to be hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. The underlying factor in the hepatocarcinogenesis is suggested to be their ability to generate ROS and cause genotoxicity. Several methods, including chromosomal aberration test, Ames test, micronucleus assay and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutation test and Comet assay, have been used to determine genotoxic properties of phthalates. Comet assay has been an important tool in the measurement of the genotoxic potential of many chemicals, including phthalates. In this review, we will mainly focus on the studies, which were conducted on the DNA damage caused by different phthalate esters and protection studies against the genotoxicity of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Erkekoglu P, Giray B, Rachidi W, Hininger-Favier I, Roussel AM, Favier A, Hincal F. Effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on testicular oxidant/antioxidant status in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:98-107. [PMID: 21976414 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Di(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), the most widely used plasticizer, was investigated to determine whether an oxidative stress process was one of the underlying mechanisms for its testicular toxicity potential. To evaluate the effects of selenium (Se), status on the toxicity of DEHP was further objective of this study, as Se is known to play a critical role in testis and in the modulation of intracellular redox equilibrium. Se deficiency was produced in 3-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats feeding them ≤0.05 mg Se /kg diet for 5 weeks, and Se-supplementation group was on 1 mg Se/kg diet. DEHP-treated groups received 1000 mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of the feeding period. Activities of antioxidant selenoenzymes [glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)], catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST); concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and thus the GSH/GSSG redox ratio; and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were measured. DEHP was found to induce oxidative stress in rat testis, as evidenced by significant decrease in GSH/GSSG redox ratio (>10-fold) and marked increase in TBARS levels, and its effects were more pronounced in Se-deficient rats with ∼18.5-fold decrease in GSH/GSSG redox ratio and a significant decrease in GPx4 activity, whereas Se supplementation was protective by providing substantial elevation of redox ratio and reducing the lipid peroxidation. These findings emphasized the critical role of Se as an effective redox regulator and the importance of Se status in protecting testicular tissue from the oxidant stressor activity of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Campioli E, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. Fetal origin of endocrine dysfunction in the adult: the phthalate model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:5-17. [PMID: 23333934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties that is found ubiquitously in the environment as well as in human amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, human milk, semen, and saliva. It is used in the industry to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride-derived plastics and its wide spread use and presence has resulted in constant human exposure through fetal development and postnatal life. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between phthalate exposures and human reproductive effects in infant and adult populations. The effects of fetal exposure to phthalates on the male reproductive system were unequivocally shown on animal models, principally rodents, in which short term deleterious reproductive effects are well established. By contrast, information on the long term effects of DEHP in utero exposure on gonadal function are scarce, while its potential effects on other organs are just starting to emerge. The present review focuses on these novel findings, which suggest that DEHP exerts more complex and broader disruptive effects on the endocrine system and metabolism than previously thought. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "CSR 2013".
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Tetz LM, Cheng AA, Korte CS, Giese RW, Wang P, Harris C, Meeker JD, Loch-Caruso R. Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate induces oxidative stress responses in human placental cells in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:47-54. [PMID: 23360888 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental contaminant commonly used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products. Exposure to DEHP has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans including preterm birth, low birth-weight, and pregnancy loss. Although oxidative stress is linked to the pathology of adverse pregnancy outcomes, effects of DEHP metabolites, including the active metabolite, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), on oxidative stress responses in placental cells have not been previously evaluated. The objective of the current study is to identify MEHP-stimulated oxidative stress responses in human placental cells. We treated a human placental cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, with MEHP and then measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using the dichlorofluorescein assay, oxidized thymine with mass-spectrometry, redox-sensitive gene expression with qRT-PCR, and apoptosis using a luminescence assay for caspase 3/7 activity. Treatment of HTR-8 cells with 180μM MEHP increased ROS generation, oxidative DNA damage, and caspase 3/7 activity, and resulted in differential expression of redox-sensitive genes. Notably, 90 and 180μM MEHP significantly induced mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), an enzyme important for synthesis of prostaglandins implicated in initiation of labor. The results from the present study are the first to demonstrate that MEHP stimulates oxidative stress responses in placental cells. Furthermore, the MEHP concentrations used were within an order of magnitude of the highest concentrations measured previously in human umbilical cord or maternal serum. The findings from the current study warrant future mechanistic studies of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and prostaglandins as molecular mediators of DEHP/MEHP-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Tetz
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Yang G, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhang W, Zheng H, Lu W, Yuan J. MEHP-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells correlates with p53-mediated mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2424-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Giray B, Asan E, Hincal F. The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure and selenium nutrition on sertoli cell vimentin structure and germ-cell apoptosis in rat testis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 62:539-547. [PMID: 22002783 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on Sertoli-cell vimentin filaments and germ-cell apoptosis in testes of pubertal rats at different selenium (Se) status. Se deficiency was produced in 3-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them ≤ 0.05 Se mg/kg diet for 5 weeks, Se supplementation group was on 1 mg Se/kg diet, and DEHP was applied at 1000 mg/kg dose by gavage during the last 10 days of the feeding period. The diet with excess Se did not cause any appreciable alteration in vimentin staining and apoptosis of germ cells, but Se deficiency caused a mild decrease in the intensity of vimentin immunoreactivity and enhanced germ-cell apoptosis significantly (approximately 3-fold, p <0.0033). DEHP exposure caused disruption and collapse of vimentin filaments and significantly induced apoptotic death of germ cells (approximately 8-fold, p <0.0033). In DEHP-exposed Se-deficient animals, compared with the control, collapse of vimentin filaments was more prominent; there was serious damage to the seminiferous epithelium; and a high increment (approximately 25-fold, p <0.0033) in apoptotic germ cells was observed. Thus, Se deficiency exacerbated the toxicity of DEHP on Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis, whereas Se supplementation provided protection. These results put forward the critical role of Se in the modulation of redox status of testicular cells and emphasize the importance of Se status for reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Erkekoglu P, Giray BK, Kızilgün M, Rachidi W, Hininger-Favier I, Roussel AM, Favier A, Hincal F. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced renal oxidative stress in rats and protective effect of selenium. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:415-23. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.666652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Landkocz Y, Poupin P, Atienzar F, Vasseur P. Transcriptomic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate in Syrian hamster embryo cells: an important role of early cytoskeleton disturbances in carcinogenesis? BMC Genomics 2011; 12:524. [PMID: 22026506 PMCID: PMC3218109 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer in polyvinylchloride (PVC) formulations and a potentially non-genotoxic carcinogen. The aim of this study was to identify genes whose level of expression is altered by DEHP by using a global wide-genome approach in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells, a model similar to human cells regarding their responses to this type of carcinogen. With mRNA Differential Display (DD), we analysed the transcriptional regulation of SHE cells exposed to 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM of DEHP for 24 hrs, conditions which induced neoplastic transformation of these cells. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to confirm differential expression of genes identified by DD. Results Gene expression profiling showed 178 differentially-expressed fragments corresponding to 122 genes after tblastx comparisons, 79 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated. The genes of interest were involved in many biological pathways, including signal transduction, regulation of the cytoskeleton, xenobiotic metabolism, apoptosis, lipidogenesis, protein conformation, transport and cell cycle. We then focused particularly on genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, one of the processes occurring during carcinogenesis and in the early steps of neoplastic transformation. Twenty one cytoskeleton-related genes were studied by qPCR. The down-regulated genes were involved in focal adhesion or cell junction. The up-regulated genes were involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and this would suggest a role of cellular plasticity in the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis. The gene expression changes identified in the present study were PPAR-independent. Conclusion This study identified a set of genes whose expression is altered by DEHP exposure in mammalian embryo cells. This is the first study that elucidates the genomic changes of DEHP involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton. The latter genes may be candidates as biomarkers predictive of early events in the multistep carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Landkocz
- CNRS UMR7146, Laboratoire I.E.B.E., Rue General Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
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