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Zhou P, Wang X, Sun M, Yan S. Effects of natural products on functional constipation: analysis of active ingredient and mechanism. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2083-2103. [PMID: 37870581 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent clinical ailment of the gastrointestinal system, yet its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, they are insufficient in resolving the issue for patients. This work conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to the utilization of natural products for the treatment of constipation, with a focus on the efficacy of natural products in treating constipation, and to provide a comprehensive summary of their underlying mechanisms of action. Upon conducting a thorough review of the extant literature, we found that natural products can effectively treat constipation as modern synthetic drugs and compounded drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects, rich in fiber and mucus, and the effects of increasing the tension of the ileum and gastrointestinal tract muscle, mediating signaling pathways, cytokine, excitability of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, there is a wide variety of natural products, and there are still relatively few studies; the composition of natural products is complex, and the mechanism of action of natural products cannot be clarified. In the future, we need to further improve the detailed mechanism of natural products for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
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Lv H, Niu J, Pan W, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang M, Shi Y, Zhang G, Al Hamyari B, Wang S, Li X, Shi Y. Stool-softening effect and action mechanism of free anthraquinones extracted from Rheum palmatum L. on water deficit-induced constipation in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117336. [PMID: 37907143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese herbal medicine, rhubarb is said to remove accumulation with purgation, clearing heat, and discharging fire. Modern pharmacology has shown that rhubarb extract has a purgative effect when given to experimental animals in an appropriate dose. However, the active components and their mechanism of action are still not clearly defined. AIM OF THE STUDY The current research aimed to evaluate the synergistic stool-softening effects and explore the action mechanism of rhubarb free anthraquinones (RhA) and their monomers on constipation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of water deficit-induced constipation was established to induce constipation, and these rats were treated with RhA and its monomers. ELISA, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and Western blotting based on network pharmacology and molecular docking were conducted to explore the possible mechanism of action of RhA and its monomers. RESULTS RhA, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol showed stool-softening activity, and the combination of aloe-emodin and rhein had the strongest softening effect on faecal pellets. Aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol significantly increased the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MTL), and substance P (SP), upregulated the expression of VIP, cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), protein kinase A (PKA), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), and aquaporin 8 (AQP8), decreased the expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), and reduced the colonic tissue concentration of Na+-K+-ATPase in the constipated rats. Osmolality of colonic fluid in model rats treated by RhA, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol was increased. CONCLUSION Aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol were the stool-softening components of the RhA extract, and there were certain drug-interactions between the components. RhA upregulated VIP expression, activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway, and further stimulated CFTR expression while inhibiting NHE3 and ENaC expression, resulting in a hypertonic state in the colonic lumen. Water transport could then be driven by an osmotic gradient, which in turn led to the upregulation of AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8 expression. In addition, RhA likely improved gastrointestinal motility by increasing serum VIP, SP, and MTL concentrations, thus promoting faecal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Lv
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Jingjing Niu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Yudong Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Yali Shi
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Guifang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Bandar Al Hamyari
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China.
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xuefeng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Saghazadeh A. Exploring the pharmacological versatility of ficus carica: Modulating classical immunometabolism and beyond. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107010. [PMID: 37995897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The burden of metabolic disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. On the other hand, sustainability is the key project of the 21st century. Natural products offer a coherent option for the complementary management of both these challenges. Ficus carica (FC), commonly known as the fig fruit, has an experimentally proven potency for the modulation of cell cycle, immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Here, we review the potential of FC-derived products (FCDP) in slowing down the progression of cancers, acute/chronic inflammation-related conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, toxicities, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular diseases, and skin-stressing conditions, as well as, in boosting normal healthy functions of the endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It reveals a variety of cellular and molecular targets for FCDP: cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ), chemokines (CCL2), other inflammatory mediators (CRP, PGE2), immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4, FcεRI), oxidative stress-related markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, GPx, catalase, ROS, NO, protein carbonyls), kinases (MAPKs, hexokinase, G6Pase, FBPase, PEPCK, Akt, AMPK, GSK3, CDKs), other enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, caspases), growth factors/receptors (VEGF, EGFR), hormones (DHEAS, prolactin, GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, DHT, insulin), cell death-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, FasL, gasdermins, cytochrome C), glucose transporter protein (Glut4), and transcription factors (NF-κB, HNF-4α, Foxo, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, CREB, NFATC1, STAT3). FCDP cause both activation and inhibition of AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling to confer condition-specific advantages. Such a broad-range activity might be attributed to different mechanisms of action of FCDP in modulating functions within the classical immunometabolic system, but also beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Wang L, Xie S, Jiang X, Xu C, Wang Y, Feng J, Yang B. Therapeutic effects of Bombax ceiba flower aqueous extracts against loperamide-induced constipation in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:125-134. [PMID: 36582187 PMCID: PMC9809371 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2157841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bombax ceiba Linnaeus (Bombacaceae) is known as silk cotton tree, the flowers of which are used in many medicinal applications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of B. ceiba flower aqueous extracts (BCE) against loperamide-induced constipation and characterize the chemical composition of BCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Kunming mice were divided into control (saline), model (10 mg/kg loperamide + saline), phenolphthalein (10 mg/kg loperamide + 10 mg/kg phenolphthalein) and different dosage of BCE (10 mg/kg loperamide + 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg BCE, respectively) groups, and received intragastric administrations for eight days. Faecal water content, number of faeces, first black-stool defecation time and gastrointestinal transit rates were evaluated. Various biochemical and molecular biomarkers were assessed in blood and colon. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS was used to tentatively identify the composition of the BCE. RESULTS BCE treatment (160 mg/kg) could increase faecal water (15.75%), faeces number (11.65%), gastrointestinal transit rate (25.37%) and decrease first black-stool defecation time (24.04%). The BCE (80 mg/kg) increased the serum level of motilin (30.62%), gastrin (54.46%) and substance P (18.99%), and decreased somatostatin (19.47%). Additionally, the BCE (160 mg/kg) reduced the mucosal damage, restored colonic goblet cell function, down-regulated the protein expression of AQP3 (33.60%) and increased c-kit protein expression (11.63%). Twelve known compounds, including protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin, previously reported in B. ceiba, were identified in the BCE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that BCE is a promising agent for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Superior Chinese Patent Medicine and National Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyuan Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Caini Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Youqiong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Superior Chinese Patent Medicine and National Medicine Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liu J, Wang S, Yi R, Long X, Luo G, Zhao X, He Y. LimosiLactobacillus pentosus Isolated from Mustard Relieves Drug-induced Constipation in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet by Modulating Enteric Neurotransmitter Function. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1371-1381. [PMID: 36083465 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Oxidative stress can aggravate organ dysfunction. Enteric neurotransmitters have significant effects on the regulation of the enteric nervous system and intestinal muscle contraction. Oxidative stress and reduced gastrointestinal motility are considered to be one of the main causes of constipation. This study aimed to investigate whether LimosiLactobacillus pentosus CQZC02 alleviated loperamide hydrochloride (Lop)-induced constipation in mice under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, focusing on enteric neurotransmitters. Four-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (Nor), constipation model group (H-Lop), L. pentosus CQZC02 low-dose group (H-Lop + ZC02L), L. pentosus CQZC02 high-dose group (H-Lop + ZC02H), and LimosiLactobacillus bulgaricus control group (H-Lop + LB). The fecal weight, water content, and total gastrointestinal transit time were measured to determine whether the mice were constipated. Small bowel and colon tissue damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while the degree of damage was determined by double-blind scoring. The levels of serum oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and neurotransmitters motilin, gastrin, substance P, endothelin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured. The gene expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-B, and cyclooxygenase-2 in small intestine tissue were calculated. The constipation symptoms of mice in H-Lop group were manifested by a variety of physiological indicators. In addition, compared with the H-Lop group, H-Lop + ZC02H could effectively relieve the symptoms of constipation in mice. In symptom characterization, the mice in the H-Lop + ZC02H group lost weight and increased feces and water content. In functional experiments, gastrointestinal motility was enhanced; the inflammation score of intestinal tissue was decreased, and gene expression levels were modulated; serum oxidative factor levels were modulated, and oxidative stress levels were decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Guangli Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Yongpeng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Peng X, Yi X, Deng N, Liu J, Tan Z, Cai Y. Zhishi Daozhi decoction alleviates constipation induced by a high-fat and high-protein diet via regulating intestinal mucosal microbiota and oxidative stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214577. [PMID: 37789856 PMCID: PMC10544343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that a high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) causes constipation. This study focuses on understanding how the use of Zhishi Daozhi decoction (ZDD) affects the intricate balance of intestinal microorganisms. The insights gained from this investigation hold the potential to offer practical clinical approaches to mitigate the constipation-related issues associated with HFHPD. Materials and methods Mice were randomly divided into five groups: the normal (MN) group, the natural recovery (MR) group, the low-dose ZDD (MLD) group, the medium-dose ZDD (MMD) group, and the high-dose ZDD (MHD) group. After the constipation model was established by HFHPD combined with loperamide hydrochloride (LOP), different doses of ZDD were used for intervention. Subsequently, the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver were determined. The DNA of intestinal mucosa was extracted, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the changes in intestinal mucosal microbiota. Results After ZDD treatment, CCK content in MR group decreased and CGRP content increased, but the changes were not significant. In addition, the SOD content in MR group was significantly lower than in MLD, MMD, and MHD groups, and the MDA content in MR group was significantly higher than in MN, MLD, and MHD groups. Constipation modeling and the intervention of ZDD changed the structure of the intestinal mucosal microbiota. In the constipation induced by HFHPD, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Desulfovibrio, Clostridium, and Prevotella increased. After the intervention of ZDD, the relative abundance of these pathogenic bacteria decreased, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus and the abundance of Tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways increased in MHD group. Conclusion Constipation induced by HFHPD can increase pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa, while ZDD can effectively relieve constipation, reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and alleviate oxidative stress injury. In addition, high-dose ZDD can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, which is more conducive to the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yi
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Na Deng
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Cai
- The Domestic First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Parkar N, Dalziel JE, Spencer NJ, Janssen P, McNabb WC, Young W. Slowed gastrointestinal transit is associated with an altered caecal microbiota in an aged rat model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139152. [PMID: 36998634 PMCID: PMC10043340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is largely dependent upon activity within the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is an important part of the digestive process. Dysfunction of the ENS can impair GI motility as is seen in the case of constipation where gut transit time is prolonged. Animal models mimicking symptoms of constipation have been developed by way of pharmacological manipulations. Studies have reported an association between altered GI motility and gut microbial population. Little is known about the changes in gut microbiota profile resulting specifically from pharmacologically induced slowed GI motility in rats. Moreover, the relationship between gut microbiota and altered intestinal motility is based on studies using faecal samples, which are easier to obtain but do not accurately reflect the intestinal microbiome. The aim of this study was to examine how delayed GI transit due to opioid receptor agonism in the ENS modifies caecal microbiota composition. Differences in caecal microbial composition of loperamide-treated or control male Sprague Dawley rats were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that significant differences were observed at both genus and family level between treatment groups. Bacteroides were relatively abundant in the loperamide-induced slowed GI transit group, compared to controls. Richness and diversity of the bacterial communities was significantly lower in the loperamide-treated group compared to the control group. Understanding the link between specific microbial species and varying transit times is crucial to design interventions targeting the microbiome and to treat intestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Parkar
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Nabil Parkar,
| | - Julie E. Dalziel
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick J. Spencer
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patrick Janssen
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Smart, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Naji RM, Bashandy MA, Fathy AH. Ameliorative Effects of some Natural Antioxidants against Blood and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Oral Subchronic Exposure to Silicon Dioxide, Aluminum Oxide, or Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:8373406. [PMID: 36942197 PMCID: PMC10024631 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8373406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the possible protective role of fig fruit extract with olive oil and date palm fruit extract (FOD) in decreasing the oral subchronic blood and cardiovascular toxicity of SiO2NPs, Al2O3NPs, or ZnONPs. The present study used 80 male Wistar rats (8 groups, n = 10) distributed according to the treatment. The FOD treatments were used at their recommended antioxidant doses. All nanoparticles (NPs) were given orally and daily at doses of 100 mg/kg for 75 days. The oral administration of different NPs alone led to dramatic, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction markers, myocardial enzymes, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and histopathological features compared with the control group. The FOD-NP-treated groups recorded significantly ameliorated blood and cardiovascular toxicity hazards compared to the groups administered with the NPs alone. In conclusion, the administration of FOD provides considerable chemopreventive and ameliorative effects against NP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh Musaed Naji
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Education, Aden University, Yemen
| | - Mohamed A. Bashandy
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Abdallah H. Fathy
- 3Department of Animal House Facility, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Cui H, Wang Q, Feng C, Guo C, Zhang J, Bu X, Duan Z. Positive effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis VHProbi YB11 in improving gastrointestinal movement of mice having constipation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040371. [PMID: 36532450 PMCID: PMC9755254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis VHProbi® YB11 (YB11) on attenuating sucralfate-induced constipation in BALB/c mice. The strain of YB11 exhibited favorable tolerance of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Only 0.42 Log value declined when the live cells of YB11 were co-incubated with simulated GI juice. Meanwhile, this strain also displayed perfect ability to adhere the intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cells with adhesion index of 18.5. 24 of female mice were randomized into four groups. METHODS The normal group (NOR) was fed with a normal diet, whereas the placebo group (PLA), positive group (POS), and probiotic group (PRO) were fed with sucralfate to induce constipation. After first successfully establishing the constipation model, groups NOR and PLA received the oral administration of saline solutions. Meanwhile, the POS and PRO groups were orally administered phenolphthalein and YB11 suspensions, respectively. Several indices, including fecal water content, GI transit time, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal neuropeptides level, and histopathology of colonic tissues, were investigated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared with PLA, YB11 had a positive effect in increasing the fecal water content and intestinal peristalsis. Some positive trends, including the acetic and total acids level of fecal samples, and the colonic tissue histopathology, were also observed. Furthermore, YB11 had an ability to upregulate the levels of gut excitatory neuropeptides including motilin, gastrin, and substance P, whereas it downregulated the levels of inhibitory neuropeptides including endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. We conclude that the strain YB11 has a positive impact on improving gastrointestinal mobility and reducing the severity of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Duan
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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Hajam TA, H S. Phytochemistry, biological activities, industrial and traditional uses of fig (Ficus carica): A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Filippone A, Ardizzone A, Bova V, Lanza M, Casili G, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Campolo M, Paterniti I. A Combination of Xyloglucan, Pea Protein and Chia Seed Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Mucosa Functionality in a Rat Model of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237073. [PMID: 36498647 PMCID: PMC9739531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, which encompasses several symptoms including, but not limited to, abdominal pain, bloating and dysmotility. In particular, IBS associated with constipation (IBS-C) is characterized by hard and dry stools and inadequate evacuation and difficulty in defecation. Although several drugs ameliorate intestinal modifications and constipation-associated features, management of IBS is still a challenge. Natural compounds including Xyloglucan and pea protein (XP) and Chia seed powder (CS) are widely known to possess beneficial effects in counteracting several gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we aimed to assess the combined effects of XP and CS to treat constipation-related alterations in an IBS-C rat model. IBS-C was induced by gastric instillation of 2 mL of cold water (0-4 °C) for 14 days and Xiloglucan, Pea protein and Chia seeds (XP + CS) treatment was orally administered for 7 days. On day 22, colon tissues were collected for histological analysis. Our results showed that XP + CS administration attenuated constipation-related parameters by increasing body weight and food and water intake. Upon XP + CS treatment, from day 14 to 22, stool moisture content was restored to physiological level. Colonic tissues from IBS-C rats depicted a disruption of the organ architecture accompanied by edema. Loss of colonic structure was reflected by the marked reduction of tight junction protein expression, Occludin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). Administration of XP + CS treatment in IBS-C rats significantly ameliorated the colonic histological parameters and exerted a positive effect on barrier integrity by restoring the expression of Occludin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). Our findings demonstrated that the efficacy of XP and CS in managing constipation in rats is due to the ability of these compounds to form a protective barrier fortifying intestinal integrity and gut functionality.
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Wang XM, Lv LX, Qin YS, Zhang YZ, Yang N, Wu S, Xia XW, Yang H, Xu H, Liu Y, Ding WJ. Ji-Chuan decoction ameliorates slow transit constipation via regulation of intestinal glial cell apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5007-5022. [PMID: 36160643 PMCID: PMC9494937 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common intestinal disease with increasing incidence. STC results from various factors, such as the enteric nervous system and metabolic changes. As a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine, Ji-Chuan decoction (JCD) has been extensively and effectively used in STC treatment, yet its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.
AIM To explore the integrated regulatory pattern of JCD against STC through hyphenated techniques from metabolism, network pharmacology and molecular methods.
METHODS STC model mice were generated by intragastric administration of compound diphenoxylate (10 mg/kg/d) for 14 d. The STC mice in the low dose of JCD (3.04 g/kg), middle dose of JCD (6.08 g/kg) and high dose of JCD (12.16 g/kg) groups were orally administered JCD solution once a day for 2 wk. The acetylcholine (ACH) level was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological features of colon tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The differentially expressed metabolites and metabolic pathways were tested by nontargeted metabolomics. The main targets and core ingredients of JCD were identified by network pharmacology, and the expression of AKT was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the pathways involved in JCD treatment were predicted using a combination of differentially expressed metabolites and targets, and intestinal glial cell apoptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS JCD significantly promoted intestinal motility, increased the levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter ACH and reduced intestinal inflammation in STC mice. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that JCD significantly restored metabolic dysfunction and significantly affected taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Network pharmacology and molecular experiments showed that JCD regulates AKT protein expression, and the core component is quercetin. Combined analysis demonstrated that apoptosis may be an important mechanism by which JCD relieves constipation. Further experiments showed that JCD reduced enteric glial cell (EGC) apoptosis.
CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that reducing EGC apoptosis may be the critical mechanism by which JCD treats STC. These findings call for further molecular research to facilitate the clinical application of JCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Xia Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue-Si Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Xia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Proctology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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13
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Zhao Y, Liu Q, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Alleviating effects of gut micro-ecologically regulatory treatments on mice with constipation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956438. [PMID: 36016793 PMCID: PMC9396131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments targeted for gut microbial regulation are newly developed strategies in constipation management. In this study, the alleviating effects of gut micro-ecologically regulatory treatments on constipation in mice were investigated. Male BALB/c mice were treated with loperamide to induce constipation, and then the corresponding intervention was administered in each group, respectively. The results showed that administration of mixed probiotics (MP), a 5-fold dose of postbiotics (P5), both synbiotics (S and S2), as well as mixed probiotics and postbiotics (MPP) blend for 8 days shortened the time to the first black stool, raised fecal water content, promoted intestinal motility, and increased serum motilin level in loperamide-treated mice. Furthermore, these treatments altered gut microbial composition and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Based on linear regression analysis, SCFA was positively correlated with serum motilin except for isobutyrate. It suggested gut microbial metabolites affected secretion of motilin to increase gastrointestinal movement and transportation function and thus improved pathological symptoms of mice with constipation. In conclusion, the alteration of gut micro-ecology is closely associated with gastrointestinal function, and it is an effective way to improve constipation via probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | | | - Yanmei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqing Zhao,
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Zhan Y, Wen Y, Du LJ, Wang XX, Tang SY, Kong PF, Huang WG, Tang XG. Effects of Maren Pills on the Intestinal Microflora and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in Drug-Induced Slow Transit Constipation Model Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:804723. [PMID: 35496291 PMCID: PMC9039019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.804723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) is becoming a common and frequently occurring disease in today’s society, and it is necessary to explore the safe and effective treatment of STC. Method: Our study aimed to investigate whether the laxative effect of Maren pills (MRW) is associated with the regulation of intestinal microflora and intestinal metabolism in the colon. Loperamide hydrochloride-induced STC rats received MRW intragastrically for two consecutive weeks to evaluate the laxative effect of MRW involving the regulation of intestinal microflora, intestinal metabolism, and 5-HT signaling pathway. Intestinal microflora was detected by 16s rDNA sequencing, intestinal metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected by HPLC, and the 5-HT signaling pathway was detected by WB, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Our results revealed that the treatments with MRW increased not only the body weight, 24-h fecal number, 24-h wet fecal weight, 24-h dry fecal weight, fecal water content, and the intestinal propulsion rate but also the colonic goblet cell number, colonic Muc-2 protein expression, and colonic mucus layer thickness in the STC model rats. Moreover, MRW activated the 5-HT pathway by increasing the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, 5-HT4R, CFTR, cAMP, and PKA in the colon tissue of STC rats. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that MRW improved the colonic microflora structure in colonic contents of STC rats, mainly by increasing Lactobacillus and decreasing Prevotella. Finally, we found that MRW regulated the SCFA metabolism in the colonic contents of the STC rats, mainly by increasing the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with either contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and the relative abundance of Clostridium was negatively correlated. Conclusion: Our study further showed that MRW could improve constipation in STC rats, and the mechanism may be by regulating the intestinal microflora structure and improving the metabolism of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Anorectal, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Anorectal, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Digestive medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Yu Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Kong
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei-Guo Huang
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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15
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Prokinetic and Laxative Effects of Chrozophora tinctoria Whole Plant Extract. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072143. [PMID: 35408541 PMCID: PMC9000247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chrozophora tinctoria (Euphorbiaceae) has been used as an emetic, anthelminthic, and cathartic agent in traditional medicine. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize the composition of ethyl acetate (EAC) and dichloromethane (DCMC) fractions from the whole Chrozophora tinctoria plant. EAC and DCMC fractions were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and acute toxicity. Their effects on intestinal propulsive movement and spasmogenic activity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) muscle were also assessed. The compounds detected in both fractions were mostly fatty acids, with about seven compounds in EAC and 10 in DCMC. These included pharmacologically active compounds such as imipramine, used to treat depression, or hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, an antioxidant. Both EAC and DCMC fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 values of 10 µg and 130 µg, respectively. Both the fractions were found to be toxic in a dose-dependent manner, inducing emesis at 0.5 g or higher and lethargy and mortality from 3–5 g upwards. Similarly, both of the fractions showed laxative activity in metronidazole- and loperamide-induced constipation models. EAC relaxed the intestinal muscle at a lower dose (1 mg/mL) than DCMC. Similarly, the EAC extract showed a significant relaxation effect (EC50 = 0.67 ± 0.15 mg/mL) on KCL-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum as compared to DCMC (EC50 = 5.04 ± 0.05 mg/kg). The present study strongly supports the folklore that this valuable plant is a cathartic agent. Further work is required to isolate and validate the bioactive compounds that act as diarrheal agents in Chrozophora tinctoria.
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Hammami I, Sebai H. Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peel and Study of Its Protective Effect Against Loperamide-Induced Impaired Gastrointestinal Motor Functions and Oxidative Stress in Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:892-901. [PMID: 35143346 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polysaccharide attached to carbohydrates. These are substances exclusively of plant origin. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the laxative effects of orange peel pectin extract (OPPE) against constipation induced by loperamide (LOP) in rats. Rats were equally divided into six groups and treated daily 1 week as follows: Control, LOP (3 mg/kg, body weight [b.w.], Per Os [p.o.]), LOP+yohimbine (2 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.), and LOP+OPPE (6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.). At the end of the experiment, the effects of OPPE were assessed by fecal parameters (numbers, weight, and water content), gastrointestinal transit, gastric emptying, serum metabolic parameter changes, intestinal and colon mucosa oxidative stress, and the histological examination. The defecation test showed that administration of LOP (3 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) leads to the production of remarkable constipation. Indeed, the number and water content of stools decreased (25.50 [n/24 h] and 29.86%) significantly (P < .05). Acute pretreatment with OPPE significantly and dose dependently accelerated the stool moistening and allowed an increase of stool weight (2.85, 3.61, 3.93 [g/24 h/rat]) as well as the frequency of defecation (47.36, 54.54, and 56.26 [n/24 h]). OPPE also significantly (P < .05) and dose dependently increased the intestinal motility (70.78%, 73.33%, and 75.01%) and gastric emptying. LOP-induced reduction (P < .05) of intestinal secretion was accompanied by a colonic and small bowel oxidative stress status and histological changes, which was attenuated by OPPE treatment. The findings of this study indicate that OPPE possesses an important role in the gastrointestinal motility regulation, and thus lend pharmacological credence to the suggested use of the natural pectin for the treatment, management, and/or control of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Imen Hammami
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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17
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Wang X, Lu S, Fang Z, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Hong K, Lu W, Chen W. A recommended amount of hydrolyzed protein improves physiological function by regulating gut microbiota in aged mice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:110970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Na JR, Kim E, Na CS, Kim S. Citric Acid-Enriched Extract of Ripe Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. Induces Laxative Effects by Regulating the Expression of Aquaporin 3 and Prostaglandin E 2 in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation. J Med Food 2022; 25:12-23. [PMID: 35029511 PMCID: PMC8787707 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that extracts of the ripe fruit (rPM) and unripe fruit (uPM) of Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. and citric acid have a laxative effect, which is at least partially mediated by the increase in fecal parameters as seen in the low-fiber diet-induced constipation model rats. This study aims at investigating the laxative effects of citric acid-enriched aqueous extracts of rPM, uPM, and its active compounds, such as citric acid and malic acid, on loperamide-induced constipation rat models. Animal studies were conducted with loperamide-induced constipation animal models. The results showed that rPM and citric acid, the major organic acid compounds, significantly improved stool parameters (number, weight, and water content of the stools) generated in loperamide-induced constipation rats, without adverse effects of diarrhea. The gastrointestinal (GI) motility was activated fully in the rPM- and citric acid-treated rats than in rats treaded with loperamide alone. In addition, when rPM and citric acid were added to RAW264.7 cells and used to treat loperamide-induced constipation model rats, the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased significantly in cells and tissue. Furthermore, rPM and citric acid decreased the expression of the aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in the rat colons. Our results demonstrated that rPM and citric acid, the major organic acid compound in rPM, can effectively promote defecation frequency and regulate PGE2 secretion and AQP3 expression in the colon, providing scientific evidence to support the use of rPM as a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ryun Na
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea
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Laxative Effects of a Standardized Extract of Dendropanax morbiferus H. Léveille Leaves on Experimental Constipation in Rats. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111147. [PMID: 34833365 PMCID: PMC8619072 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the laxative effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lév. on two different constipation rat models. Materials and Methods: Animal studies were conducted with low-fiber diet-induced and loperamide-induced constipation animal models, and isolated colons were used in ex vivo analysis to determine the changes in colonic motility caused by D. morbiferus H. Lév. leaf extract (DPL). Results: The results showed that DPL administration significantly improved certain reduced fecal parameters (number, weight, and water content of the stools) in a both low-fiber diet and loperamide-induced constipation models without adverse effects of diarrhea. The laxative effect of DPL was confirmed to improve the charcoal excretion time upon DPL treatment in a low-fiber diet or loperamide-induced constipation model through gastrointestinal (GI) motility evaluation using the charcoal meal test. In addition, when DPL was administered to RAW264.7 cells and loperamide-induced constipation model rats, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increased significantly in cells and tissue. Furthermore, DPL dose-dependently stimulated the spontaneous contractile amplitude and frequency of the isolated rat colon. Conclusion: Although our study did not provide information on the acute or chronic toxicity of DPL, our results demonstrated that DPL can effectively promote defecation frequency and rat colon contraction, providing scientific evidence to support the use of DPL as a therapeutic application. However, further toxicity studies of DPL are needed prior to the initiation of clinical trials and clinical applications.
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Katsirma Z, Dimidi E, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Whelan K. Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation. Food Funct 2021; 12:8850-8866. [PMID: 34505614 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are the seed-bearing product of plants and have considerable nutritional importance in the human diet. The consumption of fruits is among the dietary strategies recommended for constipation due to its potential effects on the gut microbiota and gut motility. Dietary fiber from fruits has been the subject of research on the impact on gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, however, fruits also contain other components that impact the intestinal luminal environment that may impact these outcomes including sorbitol and (poly)phenols. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of fruits and fruit products on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, with a focus on fiber, sorbitol and (poly)phenols. In vitro, animal and human studies investigating the effects of fruits on gut motility and gut microbiota were sought through electronic database searches, hand searching and consulting with experts. Various fruits have been shown to modify the microbiota in human studies including blueberry powder (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria), prunes (bifidobacteria), kiwi fruit (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and raisins (Ruminococcus, F. prausnitzii). Prunes, raisins and apple fiber isolate have been shown to increase fecal weight in humans, whilst kiwifruit to increase small bowel and fecal water content. Apple fiber isolate, kiwifruit, fig paste, and orange extract have been shown to reduce gut transit time, while prunes have not. There is limited evidence on which fruit components play a predominant role in regulating gut motility and constipation, or whether a synergy of multiple components is responsible for such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Katsirma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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Chronic Constipation: Is a Nutritional Approach Reasonable? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103386. [PMID: 34684388 PMCID: PMC8538724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common gastroenterological diagnoses in clinical practice. Treatment includes several steps, depending on the severity of symptoms. Lifestyle modifications and increased intake of fiber and water are suggested by most health professionals. Unfortunately, the recommendations in this regard are the most varied, often conflicting with each other and not always based on solid scientific arguments. This paper aims to clarify this topic by providing practical indications for the management of these patients in every day clinical practice. The literature available on this topic is scarce, and dietary studies have important methodological biases. However, fiber, mainly by binding water and acting as bulking agents and/or as prebiotics for the intestinal microbiota, and mineral water, especially if rich in magnesium and/or bicarbonate, are useful tools. An adequate, well-designed diet should be a cornerstone of any effective treatment for chronic constipation. High-quality studies on larger samples are mandatory to give scientific validity to the role of the food in CC therapy and to enable professionals to choose the best approach for their patients, combining nutritional and pharmacological agents.
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22
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Liu W, Zhi A. The potential of Quercetin to protect against loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3297-3307. [PMID: 34136194 PMCID: PMC8194749 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is the most common gastrointestinal complaint all over the world, and it is a risk factor of colorectal cancer. In this study, the protective of Quercetin against loperamide-induced constipation and its potential mechanism in a rat model were investigated. Results showed that Quercetin at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg could significantly (p < .05) increase the intestinal transit rate, motilin, gastrin, substance P levels, and concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), reduce the somatostatin levels, and improve the gastrointestinal peristalsis of rats. In addition, the expression levels of enteric nerve-related factors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), c-Kit, stem cell factor (SCF), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) were examined by RT-qPCR and/or Western blot analysis. The results suggest that Quercetin relieves loperamide-induced constipation by increasing the levels of interstitial cells of Cajal markers (c-Kit and SCF), as well as AQP3. In conclusion, the present study suggested that Quercetin exerted a protective effect against loperamide-induced constipation, which may be associated with its role in regulation of multiple signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Fujian Fengjiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ZhangzhouChina
| | - Aimin Zhi
- Fujian Fengjiu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ZhangzhouChina
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23
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Novel Characterization of Constipation Phenotypes in ICR Mice Orally Administrated with Polystyrene Microplastics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115845. [PMID: 34072552 PMCID: PMC8198713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect evidence has determined the possibility that microplastics (MP) induce constipation, although direct scientific proof for constipation induction in animals remains unclear. To investigate whether oral administration of polystyrene (PS)-MP causes constipation, an alteration in the constipation parameters and mechanisms was analyzed in ICR mice, treated with 0.5 μm PS-MP for 2 weeks. Significant alterations in water consumption, stool weight, stool water contents, and stool morphology were detected in MP treated ICR mice, as compared to Vehicle treated group. Also, the gastrointestinal (GI) motility and intestinal length were decreased, while the histopathological structure and cytological structure of the mid colon were remarkably altered in treated mice. Mice exposed to MP also showed a significant decrease in the GI hormone concentration, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) expression, and their downstream signaling pathway. Subsequent to MP treatment, concentrations of chloride ion and expressions of its channel (CFTR and CIC-2) were decreased, whereas expressions of aquaporin (AQP)3 and 8 for water transportation were downregulated by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. These results are the first to suggest that oral administration of PS-MP induces chronic constipation through the dysregulation of GI motility, mucin secretion, and chloride ion and water transportation in the mid colon.
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Park SA, Lee GH, Hoang TH, Lee HY, Kang IY, Chung MJ, Jin JS, Chae HJ. Heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1 promotes intestinal health in Loperamide-induced constipation rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250354. [PMID: 33872333 PMCID: PMC8055018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, and prolonged constipation needs to be prevented to avoid potential complications and reduce the additional stress on individuals with pre-medical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum (HLp-nF1) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Constipation-induced male rats were treated orally with low to high doses of HLp-nF1 and an anti-constipation medication Dulcolax for five weeks. Study has 8 groups, control group; loperamide-treated group; Dulcolax-treated group; treatment with 3.2 × 1010, 8 × 1010 and 1.6 × 1011, cells/mL HLp-nF1; Loperamide + Dulcolax treated group. HLp-nF1 treated rats showed improvements in fecal pellet number, weight, water content, intestinal transit length, and contractility compared to the constipation-induced rats. Also, an increase in the intestine mucosal layer thickness and the number of mucin-producing crypt epithelial cells were observed in HLp-nF1-treated groups. Further, the levels of inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly downregulated by treatment with HLp-nF1 and Dulcolax. Notably, the metagenomics sequencing analysis demonstrated a similar genus pattern to the pre-preparation group and control with HLp-nF1 treatment. In conclusion, the administration of >3.2 × 1010 cells/mL HLp-nF1 has a positive impact on the constipated rats overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ah Park
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | - Myong-Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Qiao Y, Qiu Z, Tian F, Yu L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Pediococcus acidilactici Strains Improve Constipation Symptoms and Regulate Intestinal Flora in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:655258. [PMID: 33816357 PMCID: PMC8012752 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.655258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that seriously reduces the quality of life. Clinical studies have shown that a great change or severe imbalance occurs in the intestinal microbiota of people with constipation. This study explored whether bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocin-producing Pediococcus acidilactici strains resulted in differences in the alleviation of constipation and changes in the fecal flora in BALB/c mice. The constipation-related indicators, gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and gut microbiota were identified to evaluate their alleviating effects and underlying mechanisms. The time to the first black-stool defecation and the gastrointestinal transit rate in constipated mice were found to be somewhat improved by four P. acidilactici strains (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in the level of most gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in the serum, as well as in the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in different groups (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly increased, but those of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced after the administration of four P. acidilactici strains for 14 d (P < 0.05). The levels of Bacteroides and genera from Enterobacteriaceae were significantly decreased, whereas Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were upregulated when bacteriocin-producing P. acidilactici CCFM18 and CCFM28 strains were provided in the diet (P < 0.05). The results indicated that although constipation-related symptoms were alleviated to only a limited degree, the administration of four P. acidilactici strains effectively regulated the gut flora and provided a potential health benefit to the host, especially the bacteriocin-producing P. acidilactici strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Kim JE, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Gong JE, Lee YJ, Sung JE, Jung YS, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Antioxidant activity and laxative effects of tannin-enriched extract of Ecklonia cava in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246363. [PMID: 33626068 PMCID: PMC7904174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of tannin-enriched extracts of Ecklonia cava (TEE) on the regulation of oxidative balance and laxative activity in chronic constipation, we investigated alterations after exposure to TEE, on constipation phenotypes, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and oxidative stress responses in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation. This extract contains high levels of total condensed tannin content (326.5 mg/g), and exhibited high inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. TEE treatment induced significant improvements in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation in primary smooth muscles of rat intestine cells (pRISMCs) and transverse colon of constipation model. Also, Lop+TEE treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, gastrointestinal transit, and intestine length were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, mucin secretion, water channel expression and gastrointestinal hormones secretion in the transverse colon; expressions of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators on muscarinic cholinergic regulation were significantly recovered. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that TEE stimulates oxidative stress modulation and muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in chronic constipation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Park JW, Kim JE, Choi YJ, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Hong JT, Lee H, Hwang DY. Deficiency of complement component 3 may be linked to the development of constipation in FVB/N-C3 em1Hlee /Korl mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21221. [PMID: 33337564 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000376r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in complement component 3 (C3) expression has been reported to be linked to several bowel diseases including Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative colitis; however, the association with constipation has never been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between C3 regulation and constipation development using a C3 deficiency model. To achieve these, alterations in stool excretion, transverse colon histological structure, and mucin secretion were analyzed in FVB/N-C3em1Hlee /Korl (C3 knockout, C3 KO) mice with the deletion of 11 nucleotides in exon 2 of the C3 gene. The stool excretion parameters, gastrointestinal transit, and intestine length were remarkably decreased in C3 KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, although there was no specific change in feeding behavior. Furthermore, C3 KO mice showed a decrease in mucosal and muscle layer thickness, alterations in crypt structure, irregular distribution of goblet cells, and an increase of mucin droplets in the transverse colon. Mucin secretion was suppressed, and they accumulated in the crypts of C3 KO mice. In addition, the constipation phenotypes detected during C3 deficiency were confirmed in FVB/N mice treated with C3 convertase inhibitor (rosmarinic acid (RA)). Similar phenotypes were observed with respect to stool excretion parameters, gastrointestinal transit, intestine length, alterations in crypt structure, and mucin secretion in RA-treated FVB/N mice. Therefore, the results of the present study provide the first scientific evidence that C3 deficiency may play an important role in the development of constipation phenotypes in C3 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Identification of functional properties of non-timber forest produce and locally available food resources in promoting food security among Irula tribes of South India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mukai R, Handa O, Naito Y, Takayama S, Suyama Y, Ushiroda C, Majima A, Hirai Y, Mizushima K, Okayama T, Katada K, Kamada K, Uchiyama K, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Itoh Y. High-Fat Diet Causes Constipation in Mice via Decreasing Colonic Mucus. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2246-2253. [PMID: 31728788 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints. Although the causes of constipation are varied, dietary habits have a significant influence. Excessive fat intake is suggested as one of the main causes of constipation; however, the exact mechanism is unknown. AIMS To investigate whether a high-fat diet (HFD) causes constipation in mice and to clarify the underlying mechanism, focusing on the amount of colonic mucus. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: mice fed with HFD and those with normal chow diet (NCD). Fecal weight, water content, total gastrointestinal transit time, and colon transit time were measured to determine whether the mice were constipated. The colonic mucus was evaluated by immunostaining and quantified by spectrometry. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test as a marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS Compared to the NCD group, the weight of feces was less in the HFD group. In the functional experiment, the total gastrointestinal transit time and colon transit time were longer in the HFD group. Furthermore, HFD significantly reduced the amount of colonic mucus. In addition, the reduction in colonic mucus caused by surfactant resulted in constipation in the NCD group. CONCLUSIONS HFD causes constipation with delayed colon transit time possibly via the reduction in colonic mucus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Mukai
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Takayama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suyama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Majima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okayama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katada
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee H, Choi EJ, Park S, Lee J. Laxative and antioxidant effects of ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L .) leaf extract in experimental constipated rats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3389-3401. [PMID: 32724603 PMCID: PMC7382170 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea L.) is rich in cellulose, polyphenol compounds, vitamin C, and minerals. The leaves of this plant, which are used for medicinal purposes, have long been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticolitis, and antidiabetic effects. We investigated the protective effects of ramie leaf ethanol extract (RLE) against loperamide-induced constipation and oxidative stress in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight of RLE (RLEL and RLEH groups) by gavage, while normal (NOR) and control (CON) rats received saline. Loperamide (4.0 mg/kg, twice per day) was injected subcutaneously to induce constipation in RLEL, RLEH, and CON groups. Total fecal number, wet weight, and water content decreased, while the total number of loperamide-induced fecal pellets in the distal colon increased with administration of RLE in a dose-dependent manner. Gastrointestinal transit time was more greatly reduced in RLE-treated groups than in the CON group. Serum total cholesterol (TC) level, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, was significantly lower in both RLEL and RLEH groups compared with the CON group. Intestinal mucosa malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the RLE-treated groups. Loperamide decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity, including that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while RLE administration increased the antioxidant activity. These results suggest that RLE exerts potent laxative and antioxidant effects in model rats with loperamide-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Culinary ScienceHankyong National UniversityAnsungKorea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Sihoon Park
- Department of Food and NutritionChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Jae‐Joon Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionChosun UniversityGwangjuKorea
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Oh KN, Kim Y, Choi EJ, Lee H, Hong JA, Kim M, Oh DR, Jung MA, Park RD, Kim SI, Yong JS, Lee HS, Ban S, Choi CY. Laxative Activity of the Hot-Water Extract Mixture of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel in Chronic Constipation Model SD Rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:649-661. [PMID: 32482930 PMCID: PMC9728358 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1911.11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the laxative effects of hot-water extracts of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (HD), Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel (PM), and a 2:8 mixture of both (HP) in two chronic constipation models. For the loperamide-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group, negative control group (loperamide 4 mg/kg), positive control group (bisacodyl 4 mg/kg) group, and six treatment groups (HP 100 or 400, HD 50 or 100, and PM 100 or 400 mg/kg). For the lowfiber diet-induced constipation model, animals were divided into an untreated group (normal diet), negative control group (low-fiber diet), positive control group (Agio granule, 620 mg/kg), and the same treatment groups. Fecal number, weight, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio were higher in the groups treated with HP, HD, and PM than in the groups treated with loperamide or lowfiber diet. Thickness of colon mucosa and muscle layers were increased in the treated groups. Colon tension increased in the HP groups, and [Ca2+]i measurements using fura-2 as an indicator showed that HP inhibits ATP-mediated Ca2+ influx in IEC-18 cells. These results showed that the HP mixture has laxative activity by increased mucin secretion and inducing contractile activity and relaxation. It may be a useful therapeutic strategy for ameliorating in chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo-Nyeo Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Hong
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dool-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-A Jung
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ro-Dong Park
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Kim
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seon Yong
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Seop Lee
- Agroceuticals Lab, Haenam Natural Farming Association Corporation, Gwangju 61111, Republic of Korea
| | - SangOh Ban
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Yung Choi
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun 59338, Republic of Korea
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Comparative Study of Constipation Exacerbation by Potassium Binders Using a Loperamide-Induced Constipation Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072491. [PMID: 32260183 PMCID: PMC7178180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients on dialysis are frequently administered high doses of potassium binders such as calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), which exacerbate constipation. Here, we compare the degree of constipation induced by CPS and SPS using a loperamide-induced constipation model to identify the safer potassium binder. Constipation model was created by twice-daily intraperitoneal administration (ip) of loperamide hydrochloride (Lop; 1 mg/kg body weight) in rats for 3 days. Rats were assigned to a control group, Lop group, Lop + CPS group or Lop + SPS group, and a crossover comparative study was performed. Defecation status (number of feces, feces wet weight, fecal water content and gastrointestinal transit time (GTT)) was evaluated. In the Lop + CPS group, GTT was significantly longer, and fecal water content was reduced. In the Lop + SPS group—although the fecal water content and GTT were unaffected—the number of fecal pellets and the fecal wet weight improved. Thus, SPS was less likely to cause constipation exacerbation than CPS. Considering the high frequency of constipation in dialysis patients with hyperkalemia, preferentially administering SPS over CPS may prevent constipation exacerbation.
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Ryu SH, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi Y, Kang HG, Kim KB, Kim S, Lim Y, Hwang DY. Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for laxative effects of red Liriope platyphylla in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:9. [PMID: 32257897 PMCID: PMC7081617 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) is a known herbal medicine used in the treatment of some chronic diseases including constipation, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and obesity. To determine and characterize putative biomarkers that predict the laxative effects induced by RLP treatment, alteration of endogenous metabolites was measured in the serum of loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation rats after administration of RLP extract (EtRLP) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data. The urine volume and amounts, and weights and water contents of stools were significantly recovered in the Lop + EtRLP treated group as compared to the No group, whereas body weight and food intake maintained constant levels. Also, significant recoveries in the thickness of mucosa and muscle were detected in the colon of the Lop + EtRLP treated group. Furthermore, pattern recognition showed absolutely different clustering of the serum analysis parameters when comparing the Lop treated group and Lop + EtRLP treated group. Of the 33 endogenous metabolites, 7 amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, threonine and valine) and 8 endogenous metabolites (betaine, creatine, glucose, taurine, ethanol, lactate, glycerol and succinate) were dramatically increased in the Lop + EtRLP treated SD rats. These results provide the first evidence pertaining to metabolic changes in the constipation rats treated with Lop + EtRLP. Additionally, these findings correlate with changes observed in 15 metabolites during the laxative effects of EtRLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Ryu
- Analysis Research Team, R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp, Gyeonggi-do, 13202 Republic of Korea.,4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Yusang Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- 3Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- 4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- 5Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 6Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
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Liu X, Chen S, Yan Q, Li Y, Jiang Z. Effect of Konjac mannan oligosaccharides on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Kim JE, Park JJ, Lee MR, Choi JY, Song BR, Park JW, Kang MJ, Son HJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Constipation in Tg2576 mice model for Alzheimer's disease associated with dysregulation of mechanism involving the mAChR signaling pathway and ER stress response. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215205. [PMID: 30978260 PMCID: PMC6461235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although constipation has been researched in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and spinal cord injury (SCI), the pathological mechanism of this symptom has not been investigated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) associated with loss of nerve cells in the brain. This study was undertaken to gain scientific evidences for a molecular correlation between constipation and AD. Methods To understand the etiology, we measured alterations in various constipation parameters, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in 11-month-old Tg2576 transgenic (Tg) mice showing AD-like phenotypes. Results A high accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, a key marker of AD pathology, were detected in the cortex and hippocampus of Tg mice. Furthermore, significant alterations were observed in various constipation parameters including stool weight, histological structure, cytological structure and mucin secretion in Tg2576 mice. Moreover, M2 and M3 expression and the downstream signaling pathways of mAChRs were decreased in the Tg group, as compared with non-Tg (NT) group. Furthermore, activation of ER stress proteins and alteration of ER structure were also detected in the same group. Conclusions The results of the present study provide strong novel evidence that the neuropathological constipation detected in Tg2576 mice is linked to dysregulation of the mAChR signaling pathways and ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee CS, Tan PL, Eor JY, Choi DH, Park M, Seo SK, Yoon S, Yang S, Kim SH. Prophylactic use of probiotic chocolate modulates intestinal physiological functions in constipated rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3045-3056. [PMID: 30488458 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the in vivo prophylactic effect of probiotic chocolate on constipation. Rats were administered chocolate containing 2.5 × 1010 CFU g-1 of probiotics daily for 4 weeks and treated with loperamide (5 mg kg-1 ) daily at the fourth week of treatment. RESULTS Probiotic chocolate treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the intestinal motility, colon length, fecal moisture content and number of excreted fecal pellets in constipated rats. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data and histological images also revealed that both probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 treatments were capable of upregulating the mRNA expression levels of colonic ZO-1, occludin and AQP8, leading to the maintenance of the defensive barrier function in the constipated rats compared with the negative controls. Interestingly, these treatments also modulated gut bacterial populations by increasing the abundance levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as reducing the abundance level of Enterobacteriaceae. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that probiotic chocolate LYC and BB12 could potentially be used as alternative agents for prophylactic constipation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Sang Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pei Lei Tan
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Miri Park
- Lotte R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sae Hun Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim JE, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi YS, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Anti-Inflammatory Response and Muscarinic Cholinergic Regulation during the Laxative Effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040946. [PMID: 30795644 PMCID: PMC6412595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - You Sang Choi
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 361-763, Korea.
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea.
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Kim JE, Yun WB, Lee ML, Choi JY, Park JJ, Kim HR, Song BR, Hong JT, Song HK, Hwang DY. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:294-304. [PMID: 30724689 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Lim Lee
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 2 College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun Keun Song
- 3 Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Hu TG, Wen P, Fu HZ, Lin GY, Liao ST, Zou YX. Protective effect of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:1513-1528. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Peng Wen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Hui-Zhan Fu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
| | - Guang-Yue Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
| | - Sen-Tai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing
- China
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Lee DS, Jo HG, Kim MJ, Lee H, Cheong SH. Laxative Effects of Taurine on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:261-271. [PMID: 31468405 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the laxative effects of taurine in a rat model of loperamide-induced constipation. Rats were divided into six groups of six animals each: normal (NOR), control (CON), loperamide + Dulcolax (5.5 mg/kg, p.o.), and loperamide + various doses of taurine (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, p.o.). Laxative activity was determined based on body weight, feeding characteristics, fecal properties, gastrointestinal transit (GIT) ratio, and the levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones. Taurine supplementation significantly increased the number, wet weight, and water content of fecal pellets in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. GIT ratio and loperamide-induced serum metabolic parameters, such as gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and somatostatin (SS) significantly changed after supplementation with taurine in loperamide-induced constipated rats. We suggest that taurine had a potent effect against loperamide-induced constipation in part by increasing gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Geun Jo
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JE, Kang MJ, Choi JY, Park JJ, Lee MR, Song BR, Kim HR, Park JW, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Hwang DY. Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones during laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extract isolated from Galla Rhois in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:223-231. [PMID: 30671109 PMCID: PMC6333618 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gastrointestinal hormones have been reported in animal models for constipation undergoing laxative therapy when administered herbal products. We undertook to investigate whether the laxative activity of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) affects the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones, by examining the concentration of four hormones and the activation of their receptors in the loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation model. Stool parameters, including number, weight and water content, were significantly recovered in the Lop+GEGR treated group, relative to the Lop+vehicle treated group; however, food intake and water consumption were maintained at a constant level. Also, a similar recovery was detected for thickness of mucosa, muscle and flat luminal surface in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Furthermore, concentration of the four gastrointestinal hormones evaluated, namely, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and motilin (MTL), were lower in the Lop+vehicle treated group than the No treated group, but were remarkably enhanced in the Lop+GEGR treated group. Moreover, the downstream signaling pathway of MTL and SS receptors were recovered after GEGR administration. Results of the present study therefore indicate that the laxative effects of GEGR treatment may be tightly related with the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the Lop-induced constipation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Kim JE, Go J, Lee HS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Spicatoside A in red Liriope platyphylla displays a laxative effect in a constipation rat model via regulating mAChRs and ER stress signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:185-198. [PMID: 30387811 PMCID: PMC6257849 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla extract (EtRLP) has been used as an oriental medicine for treatment of several chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and obesity. To investigate the laxative activity of EtRLP, the levels of key constipation markers and their molecular regulators were examined following administration of EtRLP in constipation Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with loperamide (Lop). Compared with the Lop+Vehicle‑treated group, the excretion levels of urine and stool were significantly enhanced in the Lop+EtRLP‑treated group, even though feeding levels were kept constant. There was a significant improvement in histological structure, cytological ultrastructure and mucin secretion in transverse colon sections from the Lop+EtRLP‑treated group, compared with the Lop+Vehicle‑treated group. The Lop+EtRLP‑treated group exhibited a rapid recovery of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) signaling pathway and of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, compared with Lop+Vehicle‑treated group. Spicatoside A, one of the key components detected in EtRLP, recovered the levels of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and Gα in primary rat intestinal smooth muscle cells (pRISMCs). Taken together, the present results indicated that spicatoside A‑containing EtRLP had therapeutic effects against Lop‑induced constipation in SD rats via improvement of the mAChR downstream signaling pathway and the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbok National University, Chungju 361‑763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627‑706, Republic of Korea
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43
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Fathy AH, Bashandy MA, Bashandy SA, Mansour AM. The beneficial effect of natural antioxidants from olive oil with fig and date palm fruit extracts on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats during diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a well-known carcinogen. The aim of our study was to determine the role of olive oil (7 g/kg) with fig (1 g/kg) (OF) and (or) date palm (1 g/kg) (D) fruit extracts during DEN treatment of male Wistar rats. The OF–DEN and (or) D–DEN groups were given oral antioxidants daily for two weeks before and during DEN treatment (21 weeks).The DEN-treated group showed dramatic results for all investigated parameters as compared with the control rats. All OF–DEN and D–DEN groups showed significant improvement in hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide concentration in the liver tissue, in addition to improvement in serum vascular endothelial growth factor level, alpha-fetoprotein, lipid profile, lipid risk ratios, and the hematological parameters as compared with the DEN-treated group.In conclusion, the administration of OF and (or) D fruit extracts to DEN-treated rats resulted in a considerable improvement in the investigated biochemical and hematological parameters. In addition, the combined OFD treatments showed greater improvements revealing the synergistic effect of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah H. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Experiments and Advanced Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Bashandy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Samir A. Bashandy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
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Motaharifard MS, Jafari Z, Paknejad MS, Oveidzadeh L, Karimi M. Prevention and treatment of constipation in children from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 14:429-435. [PMID: 27854194 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common complaints of children and a common cause of referrals to pediatricians. Numerous reasons for this disease have been mentioned in the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). It is believed that this disorder is mostly due to the lack of consideration of the six essential principles (Setteh-ye-Zarurieah), which are necessary to maintain health and prevent disease. In this descriptive study we collected and classified the concepts related to the topic by reviewing reliable ITM text books. Scientific databases were also searched for the most commonly used herbs in the treatment of constipation. The results showed that, from the perspective of ITM, the first step in treating constipation in children is making lifestyle changes. This includes giving appropriate training in the six essential principles, and making modification in existing habits where necessary. In the next steps, using some herbal remedies for topical or oral administration is recommended. On the other hand, a few clinical trials have been done concerning the effects of herbal medicines on pediatric constipation. Therefore, ITM's preventive and curative strategies can provide an efficient and cost-effective way to address constipation in children. This study can serve as a preface to performing clinical studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Jafari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Laleh Oveidzadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhai X, Lin D, Zhao Y, Yang X. Bacterial Cellulose Relieves Diphenoxylate-Induced Constipation in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4106-4117. [PMID: 29627986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was to probe the effects of bacterial cellulose (BC) on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in rats. Administration with BC at 500 mg/kg of body weight in diphenoxylate-induced constipation rats distinctly improved the carmine propulsion rate (83.5 ± 5.2%), shortened the defecating time of the first red feces (249.0 ± 23.3 min), and increased the weight of carmine red feces within 5 h (2.7 ± 1.3 g). The levels of aquaporins (AQP-2, AQP-3, and AQP-4) and inhibitory neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthetase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and arginine vasopressin) in the BC-treated groups reduced by 31.9-40.0% ( p < 0.01) and 21.1-67.7% ( p < 0.01) compared to those in the constipation group, respectively. However, the secretion of excitability neurotransmitters (substance P and motilin) in the BC-treated groups was increased by 20.0-39.9% ( p < 0.01). The activities of ATPases in the colon of constipation rats were significantly weakened by BC administration ( p < 0.01). Histological morphology of the colon showed that BC supplementation could effectively increase the length of villus cells and the thickness of colonic mucosa and muscle ( p < 0.01). Moreover, BC supplementation could protect colonic smooth muscle cells against apoptosis. All of the findings suggest that BC supplementation effectively relieves constipation in rats and BC would be used as a great promising dietary fiber for alleviating constipation.
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46
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Kim BK, Choi IS, Kim J, Han SH, Suh HJ, Hwang JK. Effects of Fermented Milk with Mixed Strains as a Probiotic on the Inhibition of Loperamide-Induced Constipation. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:906-916. [PMID: 29725213 PMCID: PMC5932940 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of a single bacterium and a mixture of bacteria as probiotics in loperamide-treated animal models, loperamide (3 mg/kg) was administered to SD rats to induce constipation. The individual lactic acid bacterial doses, Enterococcus faecium (EF), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB), Bifidobacterium lactis (BL), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP), and a mixture of the bacteria were orally administered to loperamide-induced constipated rats at a concentration of 108 CFU/kg for 14 days. The weights and water contents of their stools were found to be significantly higher in PP, CKDB (mixture of 5 strains except PP), and CKDBP (CKDB+PP) groups than in the normal (constipation not induced) and the control (constipation-induced) groups (p<0.05). The intestinal transit ratio was significantly higher in all probiotic-treated groups than in the control group, and was the highest in the CKDBP group (p<0.05). The mucosal length and mucus secretion were significantly improved in all probiotic-treated-groups, as compared to that in the control group, and the CKDBP group was found to be the most effective according to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and total short chain fatty acid content analysis (p<0.05). Lastly, PP, CKDB, and CKDBP showed relatively higher Lactobacillus sp. ratios of 61.94%, 60.31% and 51.94%, respectively, compared to the other groups, based on metagenomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - In Suk Choi
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology & Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea.,BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Yin J, Liang Y, Wang D, Yan Z, Yin H, Wu D, Su Q. Naringenin induces laxative effects by upregulating the expression levels of c-Kit and SCF, as well as those of aquaporin 3 in mice with loperamide-induced constipation. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:649-658. [PMID: 29207043 PMCID: PMC5752176 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common affliction which causes discomfort and affects the quality of life of affected individuals. Naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid widely found in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects. Increasing evidence has indicated that NAR has potential for use in the treatment of constipation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the laxative effects of NAR in mice with loperamide-induced (Lop-induced) constipation. The data indicated that NAR relieved Lop-induced constipation in mice based on the changes of fecal parameters (numbers, weight and water content), the intestinal charcoal transit ratio and the histological alteration. ELISA revealed that NAR regulated the production levels of gastrointestinal metabolic components, such as motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), substance P (SP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in serum. The expression levels of enteric nerve-related factors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), c-Kit, stem cell factor (SCF) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) were examined by western blot analysis and RT-PCR analysis. The results of this study suggest that NAR relieves Lop-induced constipation by increasing the levels of interstitial cells of Cajal markers (c-Kit and SCF), as well as AQP3. Thus, NAR may be effective as a candidate in patients suffering from lifestyle-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dalu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Wang L, Hu L, Yan S, Jiang T, Fang S, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Effects of different oligosaccharides at various dosages on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice with constipation. Food Funct 2017; 8:1966-1978. [PMID: 28475191 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different kinds of oligosaccharides (a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) formulation consisting of 95% FOS (FOS95); a galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% GOS (GOS90) and an isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) formulation consisting of 90% IMO (IMO90)) at dosages of 0.8, 4 g per d per kg bw and 8 g per d per kg bw on the composition and activity of the microbiota in the gut of mice with constipation induced by loperamide. Oligosaccharides were intragastrically administered to specific pathogen-free BALB/c mice once per day for 17 days. Feces were collected during a feeding trial and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon analysis. Constipation indices, changes in gut microbiota and metabolic activity were measured to evaluate the effects of the oligosaccharides. The results show that oligosaccharides treated constipation by increasing both the water content of the feces and the small intestinal transit rate. The dosage required to treat constipation was different for different oligosaccharides. High-dose GOS90 was the most effective in relieving constipation, followed by medium-dose FOS95 and IMO90. The fecal samples were investigated after the oligosaccharide treatment. All three oligosaccharides increased the ratio of acetic acid and decreased the ratio of propionic and butyric acids in the feces. The increase in the ratio of acetic acid and the concentration of butyric acid were found to have relatively larger effects on constipation. After treatment with oligosaccharides, the gut microbiotas of the mice were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, oligosaccharide treatment increased the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased the levels of Odoribacter, Alistipes and Bacteroides. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that oligosaccharides administered as a dietary supplement increase the water content of feces, reduce intestinal transit time, modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice with constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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Bayer SB, Gearry RB, Drummond LN. Putative mechanisms of kiwifruit on maintenance of normal gastrointestinal function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2432-2452. [PMID: 28557573 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1327841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruits are recognized as providing relief from constipation and symptoms of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). However, the underlying mechanisms, specifically in regards to gastrointestinal transit time and motility, are still not completely understood. This review provides an overview on the physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying constipation and IBS-C, the composition of kiwifruit, and recent advances in the research of kiwifruit and abdominal comfort. In addition, gaps in the research are highlighted and scientific studies of other foods with known effects on the gastrointestinal tract are consulted to find likely mechanisms of action. While the effects of kiwifruit fiber are well documented, observed increases in gastrointestinal motility caused by kiwifruit are not fully characterized. There are a number of identified mechanisms that may be activated by kiwifruit compounds, such as the induction of motility via protease-activated signaling, modulation of microflora, changes in colonic methane status, bile flux, or mediation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Birgit Bayer
- a Department of Pathology , Center for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Richard Blair Gearry
- b Department of Medicine , University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Lynley Ngaio Drummond
- c Drummond Food Science Advisory Ltd. , 1137 Drain Road, Killinchy RD 2, Leeston , New Zealand
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Luo D, Qu C, Lin G, Zhang Z, Xie J, Chen H, Liang J, Li C, Wang H, Su Z. Character and laxative activity of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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