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Li G, Wang H, Yang J, Qiu Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Yan H, He D. The protective effects of Lactobacillus SNK-6 on growth, organ health, and intestinal function in geese exposed to low concentration Aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103904. [PMID: 38880050 PMCID: PMC11228886 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin present in feed ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) on the Landes geese exposed to AFB1. The 300 one-day-old Landes geese were randomly divided into five groups: The control group received a basic diet, while the other groups were fed a basic diet supplemented with 10 μg/kg AFB1, 10 μg/kg AFB1+ 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius, 50 μg/kg AFB1, and 50 μg/kg AFB1 + 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius for 63 d. Results showed that high level AFB1 exposure significantly decreased final BW and ADG, increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) and liver index (P < 0.05). L. salivarius improved levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 under low level of AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05), along with similar trends observed in serum IgA, IgG, IgM, T3, T4, TNF-ɑ, and EDT (P < 0.05). AFB1 exposure reduced jejunum villus high and villus high/crypt depth ratio, and suppressed expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 mRNA, and significant improved with L. salivarius supplementation under low level AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). AFB1 significantly increased expression levels of TLR3 and NF-kB1, with supplementation of L. salivarius showing significant improvement under low AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). Cecal microbiota sequencing revealed that under low level AFB1 exposure, supplementation with L. salivarius increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactococcus. In summary, supplementation with 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius under 10 μg/kg AFB1 exposure improved growth performance and immune capacity, enhanced jejunum morphology, reduced liver inflammation, altered the cecal microbial structure, and positively affected the growth and development of geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhi Qiu
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China.
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Weaver AC, Weaver DM, Adams N, Yiannikouris A. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Yeast Cell Wall Extract Supple-Mentation during Mycotoxin Challenges on the Performance of Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:171. [PMID: 38668596 PMCID: PMC11054775 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mycotoxins (MT) without or with the inclusion of yeast cell wall extract (YCWE, Mycosorb®, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) on laying hen performance. A total of 25 trials were collected from a literature search, and data were extracted from 8 of these that met inclusion criteria, for a total of 12 treatments and 1774 birds. Laying hens fed MT had lower (p < 0.05) body weight (BW) by -50 g, egg production by -6.3 percentage points, and egg weight by -1.95 g than control fed hens (CTRL). Inclusion of YCWE during the mycotoxin challenges (YCWE + MT) resulted in numerically greater (p = 0.441) BW by 12.5 g, while egg production and egg weight were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher by 4.2 percentage points and 1.37 g, respectively. Furthermore, economic assessment calculations indicated that YCWE may not only support hen performance but also resulted in a positive return on investment. In conclusion, mycotoxins can play a role in negatively impacting laying hen performance and profitability. Inclusion of YCWE in feed with mycotoxin challenges provided benefits to egg production and egg weight and may support profitability. As such, the inclusion of YCWE could play an important role in minimizing mycotoxin effects and in turn aid farm efficiency and profitability.
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Ruan ML, Wang J, Xia ZY, Li XW, Zhang B, Wang GL, Wu YY, Han Y, Deng J, Sun LH. An integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent can effectively mitigate the combined toxicity of AFB 1, DON and OTA on the production performance, liver and oviduct health in broiler breeder hens. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114159. [PMID: 37913901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A on broiler breeder hens. 360 30-week-old Hubbard Efficiency Plus broiler breeder hens were allocated into four groups and received a basal diet (BD; Control), BD added 0.15 mg/kg aflatoxin B1+1.5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol+0.12 mg/kg ochratoxin A (Toxins), BD plus Toxins with 0.1% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL1), and BD plus Toxins with 0.2% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL2), respectively, for 8 weeks, and then received the same BD for another 4 weeks. Compared with control, mycotoxins decreased total egg weigh, egg laying rate, settable eggs rate, hatch of total eggs rate, egg quality, but increased feed/egg ratio and mortality rate, and impaired the liver and oviduct health during weeks 1-8 and(or) 9-12. It also increased PC and MDA concentrations, TUNEL-positive cells and IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and decreased T-AOC, GPX and CAT activities in liver and/or oviduct. Notably, most of these negative changes were mitigated by both dosages of TOXO-XL. Generally, 0.2% TOXO-XL displayed better mitigation effects than 0.1% TOXO-XL. Conclusively, these findings revealed that TOXO-XL could mitigate the combined mycotoxins-induced toxicity on the performance, liver and oviduct health, through the regulation of redox, immunity, and apoptosis in broiler breeder hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue-Wu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Newhope Liuhe Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Guan-Lin Wang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Song B, Ma T, Prévéraud DP, Zhang K, Wang J, Ding X, Zeng Q, Peng H, Bai J, Lv L, Xuan Y, Bai S. Research Note: Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone on reproductive performance of broiler breeders and growth performance of their progeny chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103024. [PMID: 37666143 PMCID: PMC10491767 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the toxic effects of mycotoxin-contaminated corn (MC) on the breeders and their progeny chicks, a total of 480 fifty-wk-old Cobb broiler breeder hens were fed the following dies: 1) a corn-soybean meal diet (Control; containing 70.35% corn), 2) MC substituting for 50% of corn in Control (LM), 3) LM diet plus 2 g/kg 1 mycotoxin sequestrant, Toxy-Nil Plus (TNP) (LMT2.0), 4) MC substituting for 100% of corn in Control (HM), 5) HM diet plus 2 g/kg TN (HMT2.0), and 6) HM diet plus 2.5 g/kg TNP (HMT2.5). The MC contained 69.25 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg, 4,875 μg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg, and 2,262 μg zearalenone (ZEN)/kg. At wk 4 after MC inclusion, all eggs laid were used for hatch, and all progeny chicks were fed the same mycotoxin-untreated diet for 14 d. Dietary MC inclusion decreased the hatchability of set eggs and increased embryo mortality during d 18 to 21.5. The TNP addition increased these aforementioned indices in MC-included diets. Maternal HM treatment decreased the BW of progeny chicks at age of 14 d and BWG of progeny chicks during d 1 to 14, whereas maternal LM treatment did not affect these indices. In parallel, maternal HM treatment decreased the concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, and lysozyme in the progeny chicks on d 14, but maternal LM treatment did not affect these indices. Overall, maternal dietary TNP treatments increased the growth of progeny chicks and had a trend to increase the concentrations of serum IgA and IgG on d 14 compared to maternal MC treatments. It was concluded that the feeding of relative high ratio of corn contaminated with low level of AFB1, DON, and ZEN negatively affected the reproductive performance of breeders and the growth performance of their progeny chicks, and TNP addition alleviated these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Adisseo Life Science Products Co., LTD, Shanghai 200126, China
| | | | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Lv
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Lee J, Cho H, Song D, Chang S, An J, Nam J, Lee B, Kim S, Kim WK, Cho J. Effects of Combinations of Toxin Binders with or without Natural Components on Broiler Breeders Exposed to Ochratoxin A. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2266. [PMID: 37508044 PMCID: PMC10376041 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of toxin binders on broiler breeders fed an ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated diet. A total of 60 45-week-old female Arbor Acres broiler breeder birds with an initial body weight of 3.65 ± 0.35 kg were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, with 10 replicates per group and 1 bird per replicate. The trial was conducted for 9 weeks (including 1 week of adaptation). Feed additive 1 (FA1) was composed of clay minerals (85% bentonite and 12% clinoptilolite) with 3% charcoal. FA2 was composed of clay minerals (66.1% aluminosilicates) with natural components (0.8% artichoke and rosemary plant extracts), 7% yeast extract, 0.5% beta-glucans, and 25.6% carriers. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) birds fed an OTA-free basal diet (Negative Control; NC); (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged birds fed a diet including OTA (4 mg/kg) (Positive Control, PC); (3) the PC with 0.05% FA1 (Treatment 1, T1); (4) the PC with 0.10% FA1 (Treatment 2, T2); (5) the PC with 0.10% FA2 (Treatment 3, T3); and (6) the PC with 0.20% FA2 (Treatment 4, T4). The LPS challenge (an intramuscular injection of 1 mg E. coli O55:B5 LPS per kg of body weight) was performed on the first day of the experiment. The results of this experiment show that the PC treatment negatively affected (p < 0.05) egg production, hatchability, Haugh unit, bone mineralization, relative organ weight (abdominal fat, liver), the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol in the blood, and OTA accumulation in the liver compared with the NC. However, supplementation with toxin binders mitigated (p < 0.05) the negative effects of the OTA. Specifically, supplementation with 0.10% FA1 and 0.10% FA2 increased (p < 0.05) eggshell strength by week 4, and the Haugh unit and bone mineralization (phosphorous) by week 8, while decreasing (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the levels of GOT and HDL in the blood. Supplementation with 0.10% FA2 led to greater improvements in various parameters, including laying performance and bone mineralization, than the other treatments. In conclusion, toxin binders with or without natural components can be effective tools in the mitigation of OTA-induced problems due to their synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongcheol Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Cherrybro Co., Ltd., Jincheon 27820, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungkon Lee
- Cherrybro Co., Ltd., Jincheon 27820, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowoong Kim
- Provimi Co., Ltd., Seoul 06158, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Jaćević V, Dumanović J, Alomar SY, Resanović R, Milovanović Z, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Franca TCC, Wu W, Kuča K. Research update on aflatoxins toxicity, metabolism, distribution, and detection: A concise overview. Toxicology 2023; 492:153549. [PMID: 37209941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Serious health risks associated with the consumption of food products contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) are worldwide recognized and depend predominantly on consumed AF concentration by diet. A low concentration of aflatoxins in cereals and related food commodities is unavoidable, especially in subtropic and tropic regions. Accordingly, risk assessment guidelines established by regulatory bodies in different countries help in the prevention of aflatoxin intoxication and the protection of public health. By assessing the maximal levels of aflatoxins in food products which are a potential risk to human health, it's possible to establish appropriate risk management strategies. Regarding, a few factors are crucial for making a rational risk management decision, such as toxicological profile, adequate information concerning the exposure duration, availability of routine and some novel analytical techniques, socioeconomic factors, food intake patterns, and maximal allowed levels of each aflatoxin in different food products which may be varied between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jaćević
- Department for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radmila Resanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanović
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11 030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, 434023 Jingzhou, Hubei, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos Celmar Costa Franca
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Wilson WC, Slingerland M, Baijukya FP, Giller KE, Oosting S. Feed gap analysis of dual-purpose chicken production in Tanzania: feed quantity and quality limited production. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102574. [PMID: 36881957 PMCID: PMC10009198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for chicken meat and eggs exceeds what can be produced in Tanzania, largely due to low productivity of the sector. Feed quantity and quality are the major factors determining the potential production and productivity of chickens. The present study explored the yield gap in chicken production in Tanzania and analyses the potential of increased chicken production as a result of closing the feed gaps. The study focused on feed aspects limiting dual-purpose chicken production in semi-intensive and intensive systems. A total of 101 farmers were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire and the amount of feed provided to chickens per day was quantified. Feed was sampled for laboratory analysis and physical assessments were made of weights of chicken bodies and eggs. The results were compared with the recommendations for improved dual-purpose crossbred chickens, exotic layers, and broilers. The results show that the feeds were offered in insufficient quantity compared with the recommendations for laying hens (125 g/chicken unit/d). Indigenous chickens were fed 111 and 67 while the improved crossbred chickens were fed 118 and 119 g/chicken unit/d under semi-intensive and intensive systems, respectively. Most feeds fed to dual-purpose chickens were of low nutritional quality, particularly lacking in crude protein and essential amino acids in both rearing systems and breeds. Maize bran, sunflower seedcake, and fishmeal were the main sources of energy and protein in the study area. The study findings show that the important feed ingredients: protein sources, essential amino acids, and premixes were expensive, and were not included in formulating compound feeds by most chicken farmers. Of all 101 respondents interviewed, only one was aware of aflatoxin contamination and its effects on animal and human health. All feed samples contained a detectable concentration of aflatoxins and 16% of them exceeded the allowed toxicity thresholds (>20 µg/kg). We highlight the need for a stronger focus on feeding strategies and ensuring the availability of suitable and safe feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson C Wilson
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Uyole Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania.
| | - Maja Slingerland
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ken E Giller
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Oosting
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhu F, Zhu L, Xu J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of moldy corn on the performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, metabolism and residues of mycotoxins in eggs, muscle, and edible viscera of laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102502. [PMID: 36739801 PMCID: PMC9932114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON), are common contaminants of moldy feeds. Mycotoxins can cause deleterious effects on the health of chickens and can be carried over in poultry food products. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of moldy corn (containing AFB1, ZEN, and DON) on the performance, health, and mycotoxin residues of laying hens. One hundred and eighty 400-day-old laying hens were divided into 4 treatments: basal diet (Control), basal diet containing 20% moldy corn (MC20), 40% moldy corn (MC40) and 60% moldy corn (MC60). At d 20, 40, and 60, the performance, oxidative stress, immune function, metabolism, and mycotoxin residues in eggs were determined. At d 60, mycotoxin residues in muscle and edible viscera were measured. Results showed the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and laying performance of laying hens were decreased with moldy corn treatments. All the moldy corn treatments also induced significant oxidative stress and immunosuppression, reflected by decreased antioxidase activities, contents of cytokines, immunoglobulins, and increased malonaldehyde level. Moreover, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were increased by moldy corn treatments. The lipid metabolism was influenced in laying hens receiving moldy corn, reflected by lowered levels of total protein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and increased total triglyceride as well as uric acid. The above impairments were aggravated with the increase of mycotoxin levels. Furthermore, AFB1 and ZEN residues were found in eggs, muscle, and edible viscera with moldy corn treatments, but the residues were below the maximum residue limits. In conclusion, moldy corn impaired the performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, liver function, and metabolism of laying hens at d 20, 40, and 60. Moldy corn also led to AFB1 residue in eggs at d 20, 40, and 60, and led to both AFB1 and ZEN residues in eggs at days 40 and 60, and in muscle and edible viscera at d 60. The toxic effects and mycotoxin residues were elevated with the increase of moldy corn levels in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Lianqin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Xu
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P.R. China.
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Zoghi A, Todorov SD, Khosravi-Darani K. Potential application of probiotics in mycotoxicosis reduction in mammals and poultry. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:731-741. [PMID: 36757083 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are considered as a principal worry by food safety authorities worldwide because most of them can be transferred from the feed to food commodities of animal origin, and further consumed by humans. Therefore, effective alternatives for the reduction of the impact of mycotoxins need to be applied in the feed production industry. Applications of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) can be alternative and applied as feed additives in order to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals. The aim of this article is to provide information on the role of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) and point out their role in the reduction of the effect of mycotoxin toxicity in farming animals (mammals and poultry). The objective was to provide a summary of the existing knowledge based on the application of different strains belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or yeasts that are already or can be future employed in the feed industry, in order to reduce mycotoxicosis presence in mammals and poultry exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Moreover, an overview of mycotoxins toxicity in mammals and poultry will be presented, and furthermore, the role of the beneficial microorganisms (including probiotics) in the reduction of mycotoxins toxicity (aflatoxicosis, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin toxicities) will be described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Department of Advanced Convergence, ProBacLab, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Yuan T, Li J, Wang Y, Li M, Yang A, Ren C, Qi D, Zhang N. Effects of Zearalenone on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Ovarian Function and Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100653. [PMID: 36287922 PMCID: PMC9610152 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a ubiquitous contaminant in poultry feed, since ZEN and its metabolites can interfere with estrogen function and affect the reproductive ability of animals. The estrogen-like effect of ZEN on mammal is widely reported, while little information is available, regarding the effect of relatively low dose of ZEN on estrogen function and production performance of laying hens, and the relationship between them. This work was aimed to investigate the effects of ZEN on the production performance, egg quality, ovarian function and gut microbiota of laying hens. A total of 96 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 25-week were randomly divided into 3 groups including basal diet group (BD group), basal diet supplemented with 250 μg/kg (250 μg/kg ZEN group) and 750 μg/kg (750 μg/kg ZEN group) ZEN group. Here, 750 μg/kg ZEN resulted in a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (g feed/g egg) (p < 0.05), a decrease in the egg production (p > 0.05), albumen height and Haugh unit (p > 0.05), compared to the BD group. The serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels significantly decreased in ZEN supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Serum Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Progesterone (P) levels in the 750 μg/kg ZEN group were significantly lower than those in the BD group (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that ZEN reduced cecum microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and altered gut microbiota composition. In contrast to 250 μg/kg ZEN, 750 μg/kg ZEN had more dramatic effects on the gut microbiota function. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between the dominant bacteria of the 750 μg/kg ZEN group and the production performance, egg quality and ovarian function of hens. Overall, ZEN was shown to exert a detrimental effect on production performance, egg quality and ovarian function of laying hens in this study. Moreover, alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota induced by ZEN may be involved in the adverse effects of ZEN on laying hens.
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11
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Xu R, Kiarie EG, Yiannikouris A, Sun L, Karrow NA. Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35672806 PMCID: PMC9175326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide. Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products, and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and animal physiology. Thus, mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals. Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination, mitigation strategies are needed. This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.
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12
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Zurak D, Slovenec P, Janječić Z, Bedeković XD, Pintar J, Kljak K. Overview on recent findings of nutritional and non-nutritional factors affecting egg yolk pigmentation. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2046447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Zurak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P. Slovenec
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z. Janječić
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - X, D. Bedeković
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Pintar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wan F, Tang L, Rao G, Zhong G, Jiang X, Wu S, Huang R, Tang Z, Ruan Z, Chen Z, Hu L. Curcumin activates the Nrf2 Pathway to alleviate AFB1-induced immunosuppression in the spleen of ducklings. Toxicon 2022; 209:18-27. [PMID: 35122786 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ducklings is one of the most susceptible poultry to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which widely existed in duckling products will also in turn affect human health. Curcumin (CUR) has significant effects on immune regulation and anti-oxidation. But whether CUR alleviates toxic effects on duckling spleen induced by AFB1 remains largely unknown. In this study we treated duckings with AFB1 and CUR for 21 days before harvesting serum and spleen tissue for analyses. The results showed that AFB1 damaged the spleen tissue of ducklings by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. And the addition of CUR not only promoted the growth of ducklings, but also enhanced the immune function of the spleen and reduced the damage of AFB1 to the spleen tissue. At the same time, CUR activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway, upregulated the expression of related antioxidant enzymes, inhibited the NF-kB signaling pathway, and ultimately reducing the inflammation of the duckling spleen induced by AFB1. It has been suggested from these results that Nrf2 pathway might be a potential therapeutic target for CUR to treat AFB1-induced immunosuppression in ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lixuan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, No. 321, Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Damiano S, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Girolami F, Longobardi C, Nebbia C, Andretta E, Lauritano C, Dabbou S, Avantaggiato G, Schiavone A, Badino P, Ciarcia R. Curcumin Supplementation Protects Broiler Chickens Against the Renal Oxidative Stress Induced by the Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:822227. [PMID: 35141309 PMCID: PMC8818882 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.822227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and kidney damage, and it is included in group I of human carcinogens. The European Commission has established maximum limits of AFB1 in feed, ranging from 5 to 20 μg/kg. Chicken is moderately sensitive to AFB1, which results in reduced growth performance and economic losses. Oxidative stress triggered by AFB1 plays a crucial role in kidney damage and the antioxidant activity of Curcumin (CURC) could help in preventing such adverse effect. Twenty-days-old broilers were treated for 10 days with AFB1 (0.02 mg/kg feed), alone or in combination with CURC (400 mg/kg feed), to explore the effects on the renal tissue. Animals exposed to AFB1 alone displayed alterations of the oxidative stress parameters compared with controls: serum antioxidant capacity, and enzymatic activity of kidney superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, while renal malondialdehyde levels and NADPH oxidase complex expression were increased. The administration of CURC attenuates all the oxidative stress parameters modified by AFB1 in the chicken kidney, opening new perspectives in the management of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Flavia Girolami
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Fakhri Y, Sarafraz M, Nematollahi A, Ranaei V, Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Thai VN, Mousavi Khaneghah A. A global systematic review and meta-analysis of concentration and prevalence of mycotoxins in birds' egg. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59542-59550. [PMID: 34505242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration and prevalence of birds' egg's mycotoxins among 11 articles (66 studies) based on countries, part of eggs, and type of mycotoxins subgroups were meta-analyses using a random-effect model. The order of mycotoxin according to concentration of mycotoxin was Deoxynivalenol (20.083 μg/kg) > Zearalenone (2.065 μg/kg) > Enniatin (1.120 μg/kg) > Total aflatoxin (0.371 μg/kg) > Beauvericin (0.223 μg/kg) > Ochratoxins (0.087 μg/kg) > Citrinin (0.010 μg/kg). Further, the mycotoxins' concentration in the yolk part (2.070 μg/kg) was higher than the mixed eggs (0.283 μg/kg). The rank order of mycotoxin based on country was China (14.990 μg/kg) > Cameroon (7.594 μg/kg) > Thailand (1.870 μg/kg) > Finland (0.920 μg/kg) > Iran (0.312 μg/kg) > Jordan (0.202 μg/kg) > Belgium (0.183 μg/kg) > Spain ( South Korea ( DON (85.00%) > AFT (20.15%) > OT (16.00%). The overall prevalence of mycotoxin was equal to 29.65%. Also, the concentration of mycotoxins in China and Cameroon was higher than in other countries. Therefore, the monitoring programs to reduce mycotoxins in bird eggs consumed in some countries such as China and Cameroon should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Vahid Ranaei
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Omar SS. Prevalence, level and health risk assessment of mycotoxins in the fried poultry eggs from Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111701. [PMID: 34303677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, level and prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in fried poultry eggs in Jordan was investigated. Poultry egg samples (n = 250) were collected from March to September 2017. The level of DON, AFB1, ZEN and OTA in the white and yolk of poultry eggs was measured using LC-MS-MS. The health risk assessment was calculated using Margin of Exposures (MOEs) for AFB1 and OTA and hazard index (HI) for ZEN and DON. The highest prevalence in yolk and white of eggs was related to ZEN (96.56 %) and OTA (97.44 %), respectively. Also, the highest level in white and yolk was related to DON (1.07 μg/kg) and DON (1.65 μg/kg), respectively. Level of DON in the yolk of eggs was significantly higher than white of eggs (P-value < 0.05). Risk assessment indicated that exposed population are at high risk of AFB1 (MOEs < 10,000) in fried poultry eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharaf S Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, AL-Balqa Applied University, Salt, P.O.Box 36197, Amman, 11120, Jordan.
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17
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Guo Y, Huo X, Zhao L, Ma Q, Zhang J, Ji C, Zhao L. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-Based Mycotoxin Biodegradation Agent on Mice Fed with Naturally moldy Diets. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:994-1001. [PMID: 31721071 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi that commonly contaminate agricultural crops. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA) could alleviate the negative effects of naturally moldy diet containing aflatoxin (AF), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, serum immune function, and antioxidant capacity as well as tissue residues in mice. A total of 54 mice were randomly divided into three dietary treatments: basal diet (CON), multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet (MCD) containing AF, ZEN and DON and multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet plus MBA at a dose of 1.0 g kg-1 feed (MCD + MBA). Mice fed with moldy diet showed a significant decrease in body weight gain (p < 0.05), whereas the relative weight of the liver, spleen and uterus were remarkably increased (p < 0.05). Serum IgA and IgM contents were significantly decreased in MCD treatment compared with that in CON treatment (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were significantly promoted in mice fed with moldy diet (p < 0.05). Besides, the exposure to mycotoxins caused marked down-regulation of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in mice (p < 0.05). The addition of MBA effectively counteracted these toxic effects of moldy diet on mice. And DON residues in kidneys of mice consuming moldy diet were eliminated by the supplementation with MBA. Taken together, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent has great potential use as a microbial additive to counteract mycotoxins contamination in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB 1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020156. [PMID: 33671260 PMCID: PMC7922626 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin binders in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) on laying hens. Three hundred and sixty 26-week-old Roman laying hens were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with 10 replicates of nine birds each. The four groups received either a basal diet (BD; Control), a BD supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.12 mg/kg OTA (Toxins), a BD + Toxins with Toxo-HP binder (Toxins + HP), or a BD + Toxins with TOXO XL binder (Toxins + XL) for 12 weeks. Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.10) total feed intake, total egg weight, and egg-laying rate, but increased feed/egg ratio by 2.5–6.1% and mortality during various experimental periods. These alterations induced by mycotoxins were alleviated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL binders (P < 0.10). Furthermore, dietary mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell strength by 12.3% and caused an accumulation of 249 μg/kg of DON in eggs at week 12, while dietary supplementation with TOXO HP or XL mitigated DON-induced changes on eggshell strength and prevented accumulation of DON in eggs (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary mycotoxins increased relative liver weight, but decreased spleen and proventriculus relative weights by 11.6–22.4% (P < 0.05). Mycotoxin exposure also increased alanine aminotransferase activity and reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, and IgG concentrations in serum by 9.2–26.1% (P < 0.05). Additionally, mycotoxin exposure induced histopathological damage and reduced villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and (or) ileum (P < 0.05). Notably, most of these histological changes were mitigated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the mycotoxin binders TOXO HP and XL can help to mitigate the combined effects of AFB1, DON, and OTA on laying hen performance, egg quality, and health.
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Varga E, Fodor P, Soros C. Multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method validation and its application to fifty-four wheat flours in Hungary. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:670-680. [PMID: 33566733 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1862424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fifty-four wheat flour and wheat-based products available on the Hungarian market were assessed for twelve mycotoxins. Prior to analysis, a multi-mycotoxin method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for wheat and wheat-based products. A simple extraction with acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79/20/1 v/v%) was used for sample preparation. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were between 0.02 and 161 μg kg-1. Good linearity (r2 > 0.995) was achieved for all mycotoxins investigated. Recoveries varied between 88 and 120% at three concentration levels. Based on the low relative matrix effect (RSD < 0.15%) of the different wheat flour samples, matrix-matched calibration was used, which also proved its suitability in proficiency testing (z-scores: -0.6 for DON; +1.5 for OTA; -0.5 for ZEA). DON was the predominant mycotoxin, which contaminated 84% of the investigated samples. Metabolised forms of DON were found in spelt, durum flour and some wheat-based products (D3G in 4 samples, 15Ac-DON in 7 samples). T-2 and HT-2 were the second most frequently detected mycotoxins. All investigated samples complied with current European/Hungarian legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Varga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fodor
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Soros
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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Mavrommatis A, Giamouri E, Tavrizelou S, Zacharioudaki M, Danezis G, Simitzis PE, Zoidis E, Tsiplakou E, Pappas AC, Georgiou CA, Feggeros K. Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals' Oxidative Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:214. [PMID: 33535708 PMCID: PMC7912820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins appear to be the "Achilles' heel" of the agriculture sector inducing enormous economic losses and representing a severe risk to the health of humans and animals. Although novel determination protocols have been developed and legislation has been implemented within Europe, the side effects of mycotoxins on the homeostatic mechanisms of the animals have not been extensively considered. Feed mycotoxin contamination and the effects on the antioxidant status of livestock (poultry, swine, and ruminants) are presented. The findings support the idea that the antioxidant systems in both monogastrics and ruminants are challenged under the detrimental effect of mycotoxins by increasing the toxic lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The degree of oxidative stress is related to the duration of contamination, co-contamination, the synergetic effects, toxin levels, animal age, species, and productive stage. Since the damaging effects of MDA and other by-products derived by lipid peroxidation as well as reactive oxygen species have been extensively studied on human health, a more integrated monitoring mechanism (which will take into account the oxidative stability) is urgently required to be implemented in animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Elisavet Giamouri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Savvina Tavrizelou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Maria Zacharioudaki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - George Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (C.A.G.)
- FoodOmics GR Research Infrastructure, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis E. Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Zoidis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Athanasios C. Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Constantinos A. Georgiou
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.D.); (C.A.G.)
- FoodOmics GR Research Infrastructure, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Feggeros
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.G.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (E.T.); (K.F.)
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Garai E, Risa A, Varga E, Cserháti M, Kriszt B, Urbányi B, Csenki Z. Evaluation of the Multimycotoxin-Degrading Efficiency of Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 Strain with the Three-Step Zebrafish Microinjection Method. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020724. [PMID: 33450918 PMCID: PMC7828439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multimycotoxin-degrading efficiency of the Rhodococcus erythropolis NI1 strain was investigated with a previously developed three-step method. NI1 bacterial metabolites, single and combined mycotoxins and their NI1 degradation products, were injected into one cell stage zebrafish embryos in the same doses. Toxic and interaction effects were supplemented with UHPLC-MS/MS measurement of toxin concentrations. Results showed that the NI1 strain was able to degrade mycotoxins and their mixtures in different proportions, where a higher ratio of mycotoxins were reduced in combination than single ones. The NI1 strain reduced the toxic effects of mycotoxins and mixtures, except for the AFB1+T-2 mixture. Degradation products of the AFB1+T-2 mixture by the NI1 strain were more toxic than the initial AFB1+T-2 mixture, while the analytical results showed very high degradation, which means that the NI1 strain degraded this mixture to toxic degradation products. The NI1 strain was able to detoxify the AFB1, ZEN, T-2 toxins and mixtures (except for AFB1+T-2 mixture) during the degradation experiments, which means that the NI1 strain degraded these to non-toxic degradation products. The results demonstrate that single exposures of mycotoxins were very toxic. The combined exposure of mycotoxins had synergistic effects, except for ZEN+T-2 and AFB1+ZEN +T-2, whose mixtures had very strong antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Garai
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.G.); (B.U.)
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Anita Risa
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Emese Varga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.G.); (B.U.)
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.G.); (B.U.)
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (A.R.); (M.C.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Gallo M, Ferrara L, Calogero A, Montesano D, Naviglio D. Relationships between food and diseases: What to know to ensure food safety. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ye M, Wei C, Khalid A, Hu Q, Yang R, Dai B, Cheng H, Wang Z. Effect of Bacillus velezensis to substitute in-feed antibiotics on the production, blood biochemistry and egg quality indices of laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:400. [PMID: 33097070 PMCID: PMC7583257 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Anam Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Binghong Dai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S, Russell ST, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China.
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Lin X, Meng T, Yang T, Xu X, Zhao Y, Wu X. Circadian zinc feeding regime in laying hens related to laying performance, oxidation status, and interaction of zinc and calcium. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6783-6796. [PMID: 33248594 PMCID: PMC7704742 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated that circadian zinc (Zn) feeding regime affected laying performance, Zn and calcium (Ca) status, antioxidant capacity and gene expression of circadian clock, and Ca and Zn transporter in laying hens. In total, 162 of 21-wk Hyline Sophie laying hens were assigned randomly into 3 groups including CON group (Control Zn, basal diets supplemented 60 mg/kg Zn), HL group (high-low Zn, basal diets supplemented 120 mg/kg Zn—basal diets), and LH group (low-high Zn, basal diets—basal diets supplemented 120 mg/kg Zn), which were fed at 0,530 h and 1,530 h, respectively. Blood, tibia, duodenum, and eggshell gland samples were collected at 8 h intervals with starting at 0,000 h in 1 d after 10 wk of experiment. Compared with CON group: 1) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of LH and HL group decreased significantly (P < 0.05); 2) in serum, total antioxidant capacity and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 0,000 h increased significantly, as well as Ca and Zn concentration of tibia at 0,800 h in LH group (P < 0.05); 3) in duodenum, mRNA expression of calbindin-d28k (CaBP) and NCX1 at 1,600 h in HL group upregulated significantly, as well as Per2 and Per3 at 0,000 h, CLOCK, Cry2, Per2, and Per3 at 1,600 h (P < 0.05). But, Zn5 at 0,800 h in HL group downregulated significantly (P < 0.05). 4) In eggshell gland, the mRNA expression of CaBP at 0,000 h and Zn5 at 1,600 h in HL group downregulated significantly (P < 0.05). However, SOD at 1,600 h in HL group upregulated significantly, as well as Cry1 and Per3 at 0,800 h in HL group upregulated significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, circadian Zn feeding diet regime was beneficial to improvement of FCR. The regulation of laying hens' circadian rhythms affected Zn and Ca transporter and interrelationship between Ca and Zn metabolism, also altered antioxidant capacity in present study. Therefore, circadian Zn feeding regime can be considered as a new method to improve laying performance in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Guangzhou Tanke Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510528, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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Muñoz-Solano B, González-Peñas E. Mycotoxin Determination in Animal Feed: An LC-FLD Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and Zearelanone in This Matrix. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E374. [PMID: 32516887 PMCID: PMC7354491 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds for humans and animals that are produced by fungi. Mycotoxin contamination in feed is a global safety concern and effective control of these compounds in this matrix is needed. This study proposes a simple, cost-effective analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector, which is suitable for the routine monitoring of some of the most important mycotoxins in feed: aflatoxins (G2, G1, B2, and B1), zearalenone, and ochratoxins A and B. Mycotoxin extraction, chromatographic separation and quantification are carried out simultaneously for all mycotoxins. The extraction procedure is performed using acetonitrile, water and orthophosphoric acid (80:19:1). Purification of the extract is carried out using an OASIS PRIME HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge followed by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. Aflatoxins G1 and B1 are derivatized post-column (photochemical reactor at 254 nm) to increase their signal. The method has been validated in feed for pigs, cows, sheep, and poultry with very satisfactory results. The detection limits are 2 μg/kg for aflatoxins B1 and G1, 0.64 μg/kg for aflatoxins B2 and G2, 42 μg/kg for zearalenone, and 5 μg/kg for ochratoxins A and B. These values are low enough to allow for monitoring of these mycotoxins in feed. Global recovery values were between 73.6% and 88.0% for all toxins with a relative standard deviation (RSD) % < 7%. This methodology will facilitate laboratory control and analysis of mycotoxins in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
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Chang J, Wang T, Wang P, Yin Q, Liu C, Zhu Q, Lu F, Gao T. Compound probiotics alleviating aflatoxin B 1 and zearalenone toxic effects on broiler production performance and gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110420. [PMID: 32151861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to alleviate toxic effects of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) on broiler production performance and gut microbiota, three kinds of compound probiotics (CP) were selected. The optimal ratios of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei and Candida utilis in broiler diets were 7, 5 and 6 log CFU/g for ZEA biodegradation (CP1); 6, 7 and 7 log CFU/g for AFB1 biodegradation (CP2); 7, 6 and 7 log CFU/g for ZEA + AFB1 biodegradation (CP3). A total of 350 1-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 7 groups. Group A was the basal diet, group B-G contained ZEA, AFB1, ZEA + AFB1, ZEA + CP1, AFB1+CP2, ZEA + AFB1+CP3, respectively. The experiment showed that AFB1 or AFB1+ZEA significantly decreased broiler production performance, damaged liver and jejunum, increased mycotoxin residues in broiler body; however, three kinds of compound probiotics additions could alleviate mycotoxin negative effects on the above parameters (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota analysis indicated that AFB1+ZEA increased jejunal microbial richness, but which were decreased to almost the same level as the control group by CP3 addition. CP3 addition significantly increased jejunal Firmicutes and Lactobacillus aviarius abundances. The correlative analysis showed that gut Lactobacillus aviarius abundance was positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG) of broilers (p < 0.05), while AFB1+ZEA addition decreased its relative abundance, indicating that CP3 addition increased broiler growth by increasing Lactobacillus aviarius abundance. AFB1 and ZEA residues in broiler body were negatively correlated with the gut beneficial bacterial abundances (p < 0.01), but positively correlated with the potentially harmful bacterial abundances (p < 0.05), which inferred that CP3 addition could decrease mycotoxin residues through positively regulating gut relative bacterial abundances. In conclusion, compound probiotics could keep gut microbiota stable, degrade mycotoxins, alleviate histological lesions, increase production performance and reduce mycotoxin toxicity for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Puai Feed Co., Ltd., Zhoukou, 466000, China.
| | - Tianzeng Gao
- Henan Guangan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Recent Advances in the Physiology of Spore Formation for Bacillus Probiotic Production. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:731-747. [PMID: 30515722 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria have received a wide and constantly increasing scientific and commercial interest. Among them, Bacillus species are the most studied and well-characterized Gram-positive bacteria. The use of bacilli as probiotic products is expanding especially rapidly due to their inherent ability to form endospores with unique survivability and tolerance to extreme environments and to produce a large number of valuable metabolites coupled with their bio-therapeutic potential demonstrating immune stimulation, antimicrobial activities and competitive exclusion. Ease of Bacillus spp. production and stability during processing and storage make them a suitable candidate for commercial manufacture of novel foods or dietary supplements for human and animal feeds for livestock, especially in the poultry and aquaculture industries. Therefore, the development of low-cost and competitive technologies for the production of spore-forming probiotic bacteria through understanding physiological peculiarities and mechanisms determining the growth and spore production by Bacillus spp. became necessary. This review summarizes the recent literature and our own data on the physiology of bacilli growth and spore production in the submerged and solid-state fermentation conditions, focusing on the common characteristics and unique properties of individual bacteria as well as on several approaches providing enhanced spore formation.
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Red-Crowned Crane ( Grus japonensis) Reproduction Was Improved by Inhibiting Mycotoxins with Montmorillonite in Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030191. [PMID: 32197419 PMCID: PMC7150818 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is a vulnerable bird species. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by filamentous fungi and are considered as naturally unavoidable contaminants in animal feed. Our recent survey indicated that feeds designed for captive red-crowned cranes were contaminated with mycotoxins. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of the mycotoxin binder montmorillonite on the reproductive behavior, sex hormone levels, and egg quality of red-crowned cranes. Twelve pairs of G. japonensis were divided into four groups, and each group was fed one of the following: a selected diet (with extra low levels of mycotoxins), a regular diet, a selected diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added, or a regular diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added. Consumption of the regular diet decreased courtship and mating behaviors, testosterone concentration, egg weight, and shell thickness. However, feed supplementation with montmorillonite increased the courtship, mating behaviors and testosterone concentration during the pre-breeding period, as well as egg weight and shell thickness. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary montmorillonite is effective for controlling mycotoxins in the feed, resulting in improvements in reproductive behaviors, testosterone concentrations, and some egg quality parameters of the red-crowned crane.
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Mycotoxin toxicity and residue in animal products: Prevalence, consumer exposure and reduction strategies - A review. Toxicon 2020; 177:96-108. [PMID: 31972175 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin residues are transferred from feed to animal products, yet, less attention has been paid to it in developing countries. There is a need to find alternative alleviation material for reducing the impact of mycotoxin. This review is meant to elucidate different additives that can reduce mycotoxin residue in animal products in the world, especially in developing countries. There is evidence of relationship between mycotoxin residue in breast milk of nursing mothers and mycotoxin exposure through crop and animal product (egg and milk) intake, especially in Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America, and some parts of Europe. Younger livestock tends to have more toxin residues in their tissue compared to older ones. Grazing animal are also exposed to mycotoxin intake which corresponds to high level of mycotoxins in their products including meat and milk. This review shows that phytogenic, probiotic, and prebiotic additives can decrease mycotoxin residues in milk, eggs, meat liver and other tissues of livestock. Specifically, bentonites, difructose anhydride III, yeast (Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans), Bacillus spp., or their biodegradable products can reduce mycotoxin residue in animal products. In addition, Ally isothiocyanates from mustard seed were able to mitigate mycotoxins in silo-simulated system. Evidence shows that there are now low-cost, accessible, and eco-friendly additives, which could alleviate the effect of mycotoxin in feed and food. In addition, there is need for aggressive public awareness and farmers' education on the prevalence, and danger caused by mycotoxins, as well as detoxification strategies that can reduce toxin absorption into animal products.
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Lin X, Yang T, Li H, Ji Y, Zhao Y, He J. Interactions Between Different Selenium Compounds and Essential Trace Elements Involved in the Antioxidant System of Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:252-260. [PMID: 30929135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between different selenium (Se) compounds including sodium selenite (SS), selenium-enriched yeast (SY), and nano-selenium (NS) and various essential trace elements involved in the antioxidant systems, and to evaluate the effects on laying performance and egg quality. A total of 288 21-week-old Hyline Sophie hens were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) basal diet without Se supplementation; (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of SS; (3) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of SY; (4) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of NS. Each treatment had eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The trial lasted for 35 days. Results demonstrated that NS supplementation decreased the egg production (EP) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) and eggshell thickness and that SY changed the egg shape index (p < 0.05). Supplementation with three Se compounds significantly increased serum Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in all treatment groups, as well as total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the SY and NS groups. Yolk iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the NS group were also increased with Se supplementation. While the serum zinc (Zn) concentration decreased in the NS and SY groups, as well as the yolk manganese (Mn) concentration in the SY group. And the total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) of yolk with 3 days of storage in the SY and NS groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the NS group, and the T-SOD activity and MDA value of yolk with 10 days of storage in the SY group also decreased. Thus, the source of Se compounds may influence the balance between Se and other trace elements including Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu, which is important for proper antioxidant defense in blood and egg yolk of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, China
| | - Yinli Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Peles F, Sipos P, Győri Z, Pfliegler WP, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Pagliuca G, Gazzotti T, Pócsi I. Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2861. [PMID: 31921041 PMCID: PMC6917664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are wide-spread harmful carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, which cause serious feed and food contaminations and affect farm animals deleteriously with acute or chronic manifestations of mycotoxicoses. On farm, both pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies are applied to minimize the risk of aflatoxin contaminations in feeds. The great economic losses attributable to mycotoxin contaminations have initiated a plethora of research projects to develop new, effective technologies to prevent the highly toxic effects of these secondary metabolites on domestic animals and also to block the carry-over of these mycotoxins to humans through the food chain. Among other areas, this review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of silage production technologies and silage microbiota on aflatoxins, and it also discusses the current applications of probiotic organisms and microbial products in feeding technologies. After ingesting contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in various animals depending on their inherent and acquired physiological properties. These mycotoxins may cause primary aflatoxicoses with versatile, species-specific adverse effects, which are also dependent on the susceptibility of individual animals within a species, and will be a function of the dose and duration of aflatoxin exposures. The transfer of these undesired compounds from contaminated feed into food of animal origin and the aflatoxin residues present in foods become an additional risk to human health, leading to secondary aflatoxicoses. Considering the biological transformation of aflatoxins in livestock, this review summarizes (i) the metabolism of aflatoxins in different animal species, (ii) the deleterious effects of the mycotoxins and their derivatives on the animals, and (iii) the major risks to animal health in terms of the symptoms and consequences of acute or chronic aflatoxicoses, animal welfare and productivity. Furthermore, we traced the transformation and channeling of Aspergillus-derived mycotoxins into food raw materials, particularly in the case of aflatoxin contaminated milk, which represents the major route of human exposure among animal-derived foods. The early and reliable detection of aflatoxins in feed, forage and primary commodities is an increasingly important issue and, therefore, the newly developed, easy-to-use qualitative and quantitative aflatoxin analytical methods are also summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Peles
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Sipos
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Győri
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Walter P. Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Gazzotti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rana MS, Lee SY, Kang HJ, Hur SJ. Reducing Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Products: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:687-703. [PMID: 31728441 PMCID: PMC6837901 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey we conducted suggests that the ingestion of veterinary drug residues in
edible animal parts constitutes a potential health hazard for its consumers,
including, specifically, the possibility of developing multidrug resistance,
carcinogenicity, and disruption of intestinal normal microflora. The survey
results indicated that antibiotics, parasitic drugs, anticoccidial, or
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are broadly used, and this use in
livestock is associated with the appearance of residues in various animal
products such as milk, meat, and eggs. We observed that different cooking
procedures, heating temperatures, storage times, fermentation, and pH have the
potential to decrease drug residues in animal products. Several studies have
reported the use of thermal treatments and sterilization to decrease the
quantity of antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, macrolides, and
sulfonamides, in animal products. Fermentation treatments also decreased levels
of penicillin and pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion,
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and lindane. pH, known to influence decreases
in cloxacillin and oxacillin levels, reportedly enhanced the dissolution of
antimicrobial drug residues. Pressure cooking also reduced aldrin, dieldrin, and
endosulfan in animal products. Therefore, this review provides updated
information on the control of drug residues in animal products, which is of
significance to veterinarians, livestock producers, and consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shohel Rana
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Fouad AM, Ruan D, El-Senousey HK, Chen W, Jiang S, Zheng C. Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B₁ Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30909549 PMCID: PMC6468546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB₁ is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB₁ is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB₁ produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB₁ in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB₁ in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed in China: Occurrence, detection techniques, toxicological effects and advances in mitigation technologies. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mazanko MS, Gorlov IF, Prazdnova EV, Makarenko MS, Usatov AV, Bren AB, Chistyakov VA, Tutelyan AV, Komarova ZB, Mosolova NI, Pilipenko DN, Krotova OE, Struk AN, Lin A, Chikindas ML. Bacillus Probiotic Supplementations Improve Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Hatching of Laying Hens, and Sperm Quality of Roosters. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:367-373. [PMID: 29238921 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aims at elucidating the effect of bacilli probiotic preparations on the physiology of laying hens and roosters. Probiotic formulations were prepared as soybean products fermented by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895. In this study, groups of male and female chickens were used. These groups received a probiotic preparation based on either B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 or B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895, or of a mixture of strains, from the first day to the age of 39 weeks. These preparations positively affected egg production, quality of sperm production, and quality and hatchery of eggs. Considering the simplicity and cost effectiveness of the soy-based probiotic preparation, these formulations should be considered as advantageous in modern livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Mazanko
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ivan F Gorlov
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S Makarenko
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander V Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anzhelika B Bren
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Tutelyan
- Federal Budget Institute of Science "Central Research Institute of Epidemiology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya B Komarova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Natalia I Mosolova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Denis N Pilipenko
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Olga E Krotova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Aleksandr N Struk
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Angela Lin
- Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Zhang X, Tang Q, Mi T, Zhao S, Wen K, Guo L, Mi J, Zhang S, Shi W, Shen J, Ke Y, Wang Z. Dual-wavelength fluorescence polarization immunoassay to increase information content per screen: Applications for simultaneous detection of total aflatoxins and family zearalenones in maize. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Huang S, Zheng N, Fan C, Cheng M, Wang S, Jabar A, Wang J, Cheng J. Effects of aflatoxin B1 combined with ochratoxin A and/or zearalenone on metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant status in lactating dairy goats. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:505-513. [PMID: 28920416 PMCID: PMC5838322 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) alone or mixed with ochratoxin A (OTA) and/or zearalenone (ZEA) on the metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant status of dairy goats. METHODS Fifty lactating Laoshan dairy goats were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups (n = 10) for 14 days. Goats were fed no additive (control) or administered with 50 μg AFB1/kg dry matter (DM) (AFB1), 50 μg AFB1/kg DM+100 μg OTA/kg DM (AFB1+ OTA), 50 μg AFB1/kg DM+500 μg ZEA/kg DM (AFB1+ZEA), or 50 μg AFB1/kg DM+100 μg OTA/kg DM+500 μg ZEA/kg DM (AFB1+OTA+ZEA). RESULTS Dry matter intake and milk production were lower in goats fed AFB1+OTA+ZEA than in controls. Supplementation with AFB1, OTA, and ZEA significantly decreased red blood cell count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean platelet volume, and significantly increased white blood cell count, when compared with the control group. Compared with control, the combination of AFB1, OTA, and ZEA significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total bilirubin (TBIL), interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly reduced immunoglobulin A concentration, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum. Administration of AFB1 combined with OTA led to higher ALP, ALT, TBIL, and MDA, as well as lower milk production, SOD and GSH-Px activities, and T-AOC, than administration of AFB1 combined with ZEA. CONCLUSION The mixture of AFB1, OTA, and ZEA exerted the greatest adverse effects on dairy goats, meanwhile the deleterious damage of the other mycotoxin combinations were in varying degrees. The findings of this study could provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of the consequences of contamination of animal feeds with combinations of mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caiyun Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Research Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Adil Jabar
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Dänicke S, Eriksen GS, Altieri A, Roldán-Torres R, Oswald IP. Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04851. [PMID: 32625539 PMCID: PMC7009830 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.
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Lee M, Seo DJ, Jeon SB, Ok HE, Jung H, Choi C, Chun HS. Detection of Foodborne Pathogens and Mycotoxins in Eggs and Chicken Feeds from Farms to Retail Markets. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:463-8. [PMID: 27621686 PMCID: PMC5018505 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination by foodborne pathogens and mycotoxins was examined in 475 eggs and 20 feed samples collected from three egg layer farms, three egg-processing units, and five retail markets in Korea. Microbial contamination with Salmonella species, Escherichia coli, and Arcobacter species was examined by bacterial culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The contamination levels of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and zearalenone in eggs and chicken feeds were simultaneously analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection after the post-derivatization. While E. coli was isolated from 9.1% of eggs, Salmonella species were not isolated. Arcobacter species were detected in 0.8% of eggs collected from egg layers by PCR only. While aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and zearalenone were found in 100%, 100%, and 85% of chicken feeds, their contamination levels were below the maximum acceptable levels (1.86, 2.24, and 147.53 μg/kg, respectively). However, no eggs were contaminated with aflatoxins, ochratoxins, or zearalenone. Therefore, the risk of contamination by mycotoxins and microbes in eggs and chicken feeds is considered negligible and unlikely to pose a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhwa Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Joo Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Su Been Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Ee Ok
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyelee Jung
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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