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Dehghani Z, Ranjbar S, Shahabinezhad F, Sabouri P, Bardbori AM. A toxicogenomics-based identification of potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in PFCs-induced cancer in human. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae151. [PMID: 39323479 PMCID: PMC11420517 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths are increasing worldwide. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemicals, which are possible inducers of cancer in human and laboratory animals. Studies showed that PFCs induce breast, prostate, kidney, liver and pancreas cancer by inducing genes being involved in carcinogenic pathways. Methodology This study reviews the association between PFCs induced up-regulation/down-regulation of genes and signaling pathways that are important in promoting different types of cancer. To obtain chemical-gene interactions, an advanced search was performed in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database platform. Results Five most prevalent cancers were studied and the maps of their signaling pathways were drawn, and colored borders indicate significantly differentially expressed genes if there had been reports of alterations in expression in the presence of PFCs. Conclusion In general, PFCs are capable of inducing cancer in human via altering PPARα and PI3K pathways, evading apoptosis, inducing sustained angiogenesis, alterations in proliferation and blocking differentiation. However, more epidemiological data and mechanistic studies are needed to better understand the carcinogenic effects of PFCs in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Rokn Abad, Karafarin St., 7146864685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Rokn Abad, Karafarin St., 7146864685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farbod Shahabinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Rokn Abad, Karafarin St., 7146864685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooria Sabouri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Rokn Abad, Karafarin St., 7146864685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Rokn Abad, Karafarin St., 7146864685, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Hou M, Kong L, Lin X, Xu J, Yan C, Lin F, Ke S. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The mediating role of serum albumin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171742. [PMID: 38494022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has examined the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. This study aims to explore this relationship. METHODS This study enrolled 4541 individuals who had available data on PFAS, COPD, and covariates from NHANES 2007-2018. Serum PFAS including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were analyzed, because of high detective rates. Considering the skew distribution of PFAS levels, the natural logarithm-transformed PFAS (Ln-PFAS) was used. Logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to explore the single, nonlinear, and mixed effects. A mediating analysis was used to evaluate the mediated effects of albumin. RESULTS Individuals with COPD had higher levels of PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS compared to those without COPD. Ln-PFNA (OR males: 1.92, 95 % CI:1.31 to 2.80, P: <0.001; OR females: 1.07, 95 % CI: 0.81 to 1.40, P: 0.636) and ln-PFOA (OR males: 2.17, 95 % CI:1.38 to 3.41, P: <0.001; OR females: 1.49, 95 % CI: 1.08 to 2.05, P: 0.016) were associated with COPD risk especially in males. The interaction between PFNA exposure and sex on COPD risk was significant (P interaction: <0.001). The RCS curve demonstrated the nonlinear relationship between the ln-PFOA (P nonlinear:0.001), ln-PFNA (P nonlinear:0.045), and COPD risk in males. WQS analysis showed mixed PFAS exposure was correlated with COPD risk in males (OR: 1.44, 95 % CI:1.18 to 1.75, P: <0.001). Albumin mediated the relationship between PFOA and COPD (mediated proportion: -17.94 %). CONCLUSION This study concludes PFOA and PFNA are linked to a higher COPD risk in males, and serum albumin plays a mediating role in the relationship between PFOA and COPD. Thess findings are beneficial for the prevention of COPD. Further studies are required to explore potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingkun Kong
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fan Lin
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sunkui Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Hu CY, Xiong C, Lin YL, Zhang TY. Degradation kinetics and disinfection by-products formation of benzophenone-4 during UV/persulfate process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38164528 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2298669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The degradation kinetics, reaction pathways, and disinfection by-products formation of an organic UV filter, benzophenone-4 (BP4) during UV/persulfate oxidation were investigated. BP4 can hardly be degraded by UV alone, but can be effectively decomposed by UV/persulfate following pseudo-first order kinetics. BP4 degradation rate was enhanced with increasing persulfate dosage and decreasing pH from 8 to 5. However, the degradation rate of BP4 at pH 9 was higher than that at pH 8 because of the presence of phenolic group in BP4 structure. and SO 4 - ⋅ were confirmed as the major contributors to BP4 decomposition in radical scavenging experiments, and the second-order rate constants between HO ⋅ and BP4 as well as those between SO 4 - ⋅ and BP4 were estimated by establishing and solving a kinetic model. The presence of B r - and humic acid inhibited the decomposition of BP4, while N O 3 - promoted it. The mineralisation of BP4 was only 9.1% at the persulfate concentration of 50 μM. Six degradation intermediates were identified for the promulgation of the reaction pathways of BP4 during UV/persulfate oxidation were proposed as a result. In addition, the formation of DBP in the sequential chlorination was evaluated at different persulfate dosages, pH values, and water matrix. The results of this study can provide essential knowledge for the effective control of DBP formation with reducing potential hazard to provide safe drinking water to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Xiong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Surma M, Sawicki T, Piskuła M, Wiczkowski W. Relationship between the Consumption of Fermented Red Beetroot Juice and Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Human Body's Fluids and Blood Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13956. [PMID: 37762257 PMCID: PMC10530276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of fluorinated, organic, man-made chemicals; they do not occur naturally in the environment. This study aimed to determine the profile and content of PFASs in the volunteers' blood plasma and urine after the consumption of fermented red beetroot juice and then correlated it with the blood parameters. Over 42 days, 24 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL/60 kg of body weight of fermented red beetroot juice. PFASs were analyzed using the micro-HPLC-MS/MS method. Five perfluoroalkyl substances were found in the volunteers' body fluids. After consuming the juice, it was discovered that regarding the perfluorocarboxylic acids, a downward trend was observed, while regarding the perfluoroalkane sulfonates, and their plasma content showed a statistically significant upward trend. Analysis of the hematology parameters indicated that the intake of fermented red beetroot juice showed a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets concentration, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) at the significance level p < 0.01, and hematocrit (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the dietary intervention also indicated a significant (p < 0.01) increase in corpuscular/cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In the case of blood biochemistry, no significant change was observed in the blood samples after the intake of the fermented beetroot juice. However, a decreasing tendency of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentration (LDL-C) was observed. Based on the presented results, there is a need to analyze and monitor health-promoting food regarding undesirable substances and their impact on consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surma
- Malopolska Centre of Food Monitoring, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sawicki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piskuła
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, Tuwima 10 St., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, Tuwima 10 St., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lawanprasert A, Sloand JN, Vargas MG, Singh H, Eldor T, Miller MA, Pimcharoen S, Wang J, Leighow SM, Pritchard JR, Dokholyan NV, Medina SH. Deciphering the Mechanistic Basis for Perfluoroalkyl-Protein Interactions. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300159. [PMID: 36943393 PMCID: PMC10364144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Although rarely used in nature, fluorine has emerged as an important elemental ingredient in the design of proteins with altered folding, stability, oligomerization propensities, and bioactivity. Adding to the molecular modification toolbox, here we report the ability of privileged perfluorinated amphiphiles to noncovalently decorate proteins to alter their conformational plasticity and potentiate their dispersion into fluorous phases. Employing a complementary suite of biophysical, in-silico and in-vitro approaches, we establish structure-activity relationships defining these phenomena and investigate their impact on protein structural dynamics and intracellular trafficking. Notably, we show that the lead compound, perfluorononanoic acid, is 106 times more potent in inducing non-native protein secondary structure in select proteins than is the well-known helix inducer trifluoroethanol, and also significantly enhances the cellular uptake of complexed proteins. These findings could advance the rational design of fluorinated proteins, inform on potential modes of toxicity for perfluoroalkyl substances, and guide the development of fluorine-modified biologics with desirable functional properties for drug discovery and delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atip Lawanprasert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Janna N. Sloand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Mariangely González Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00682
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Tomer Eldor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Michael A. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Sopida Pimcharoen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA, 17033
| | - Scott M. Leighow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Justin R. Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA, 17033
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA, 17033
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
| | - Scott H. Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 16802
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6
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Xu S, Zhu Y, Zhu P, Wang C, Zhang D, Pan X. Effects of PFOS at ng/L levels on photostability of extracellular polymeric substances under solar irradiation by fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160119. [PMID: 36370784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), as a type of dissolved organic carbon, plays a key role in carbon cycling in water environment. When EPS meet the omnipresent PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate), they must interact with each other and exert profound effect on behavior and fate of both, which is still not well known. We hypothesized that the highly persistent PFOS at real environmental levels may significantly influence behavior of EPS under solar irradiation which may retard carbon turnover. In this study, 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used to probe responses of composition and structure of EPS under solar irradiation in the absence and presence of PFOS (5-500 ng/L). The experimental results showed that PFOS at ng/L levels significantly affected responses of EPS to sunlight irradiation and the effects were dependent on the components in EPS. Photostability of humic-like substances was significantly increased in the presence of PFOS; Degradation and unfolding of proteins induced by solar light were reduced by PFOS. In addition, degradation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups by sunlight was inhibited by PFOS. The novel findings provide new insights for assessing the environmental behavior of EPS and PFOS and understanding the effect of PFOS on carbon cycling in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Huang M, Ivantsova E, Konig I, Patel N, English C, Souders CL, Martyniuk CJ. Developmental and mitochondrial toxicity assessment of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104037. [PMID: 36526081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of several perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to aquatic species are not well understood. Here, we assessed the sub-lethal toxicity potential of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) to developing zebrafish. PFHpA was not acutely toxic to fish up to 50 µM and there was > 96% survival in all treatments. Exposure to 200 µM PFHpA decreased ATP-linked respiration of embryos. There was no evidence for ROS induction in 7-day-old larvae fish exposed to 0.1 µM or 1 µM PFHpA. Twenty-four transcripts related to mitochondrial complexes I through V were measured and atp06, cox4i1, and cyc1 levels were decreased in larval zebrafish in a concentration-dependent manner by PFHpA exposure. Locomotor activity was reduced in fish exposed to 0.1 µM PFHpA based on a visual motor response test. Anxiolytic-type behaviors were not affected by PFHpA. This study contributes to environmental risk assessments for perfluorinated chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Huang
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neep Patel
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cole English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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Li Q, Wang P, Wang C, Hu B, Wang X. A novel procedure for predicting chronic toxicities and ecological risks of perfluorinated compounds in aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114132. [PMID: 35995232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) can pose adverse effect on aquatic species and community structure. However, little is known about how the characteristics of molecules of PFCs affect their chronic toxic potencies to aquatic species, and the species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and ecological risk assessments of PFCs are hampered by limited available data of chronic toxicity. In the present study, a novel procedure is proposed to obtain the ecological risk of PFCs using existing exposure concentrations of PFCs and SSDs integrated with the chronic toxicity prediction through robust QSAR models. The results showed that the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) exhibited the strongest correlation with the chronic toxicities of 15 PFCs (R2 > 0.844, F > 16.206, p < 0.05). SSDs of 15 PFCs on eight species were first constructed, and the SSD fitting parameters were significantly correlated with ELUMO (R2 > 0.610, F > 19.471, p < 0.05). The QSAR-SSDs support the evaluation of hazardous criteria of PFCs for which data are lacking. Given environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) of the national presence of PFCs in aquatic systems in China, the QSAR-SSDs models allow the development of the ecological risk assessment for PFCs. This way, it was concluded that negligible environmental risk (defined as 5% of the species being potentially exposed to concentrations able to cause effects in < 5% of the case) could be expected from exposure to PFCs in surface waters in China. This method may be helpful for providing an evidence-based approach to guide the risk management for PFCs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Miłek T, Grzeczkowicz A, Lipko A, Oleksinski L, Kwiatkowska A, Strawski M, Drabik M, Stachowiak R, Goliszewski J, Granicka LH. A Functionalized Membrane Layer as Part of a Dressing to Aid Wound Healing. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:936. [PMID: 36295695 PMCID: PMC9609686 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is an approach to a dressing platform based on support functionalized with oxygenating factors within an alginate layer, constituting a safe and even contact surface for interface with a wound. METHODS An alginate layer with incorporated oxygenating elements deposited on the support patch was assessed. As an oxygenating factor, perfluorooctyl was applied, and the layer coatings in two options, cross-linked and not, were evaluated. The function of human dermal fibroblast cells cultured in the presence of these constructs was analyzed, as well as their morphology using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the membrane coating material was assessed using FTIR, AFM, and SEM-EDX characterization. RESULTS The applied membrane coatings adsorbed on the patch ensured the viability of the human fibroblasts cultured on the membranes during 10 days of culture. However, on the sixth day of culture, the percentage of live cells grown in the presence of cross-linked alginate with oxygenating factor ((ALG-PFC)net) was significantly higher than that of the cells cultured in the presence of the alginate coatings alone. SEM-EDX analysis of the (ALG-PFC)net confirmed the presence of oxygenating and cross-linking factors. In addition, the regular granular branched structure of the layer coating material involving the oxygenating and cross-linking factors was observed using the AFM technique. CONCLUSION The topography of the layer coating material involving the oxygenating and cross-linking factors ensures an even contact surface for interface with the wound. Considering 5-day intervals between dressing replacements, the platform with an oxygenating configuration ensuring the growth and morphology of the human fibroblasts can be recommended at this time as an element of a dressing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Miłek
- St. Anna Hospital of Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Barska 16/20 St., 02-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Grzeczkowicz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lipko
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Oleksinski
- St. Anna Hospital of Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Barska 16/20 St., 02-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Kwiatkowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Strawski
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Drabik
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Stachowiak
- Department of Physiology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Goliszewski
- St. Anna Hospital of Trauma Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Barska 16/20 St., 02-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludomira H. Granicka
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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Ganesan S, Chawengkijwanich C, Gopalakrishnan M, Janjaroen D. Detection methods for sub-nanogram level of emerging pollutants - Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113377. [PMID: 35995078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organofluorine compounds has been manufactured for more than five decades and used in different purposes. Among persistent organic pollutants, PFAS are toxic, bioaccumulative in humans, wildlife, and global environment. As per environmental protection agency (EPA) guidelines, the perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate permissible limit was 0.07 ng/L in drinking water. When the concentration exceeds the acceptable limit, it has negative consequences for humans. In such a case, PFAS monitoring is critical, and a quick detection technique are highly needed. Health departments and regulatory agencies have interests in monitoring of PFAS presences and exposures. For the detection of PFAS, numerous highly precise and sensitive chromatographic methods are available. However, the drawbacks of analytical techniques include timely sample preparations and the lack of on-site applicability. As a result, there is an increasing demand for simple sensor systems for monitoring of PFAS in real field samples. In this review, we first describe the sample pre-treatment and analytical techniques for the detection of PFAS. Second, we broadly discussed available sensor system for the quantification of PFAS in different filed samples. Finally, future trends in PFASs sensor are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Mohan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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11
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A Promising Method for the Determination of Cell Viability: The Membrane Potential Cell Viability Assay. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152314. [PMID: 35954159 PMCID: PMC9367465 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the viability of cells is fraught with many uncertainties. It is often difficult to determine whether a cell is still alive, approaching the point of no return, or dead. Today, there are many methods for determining cell viability. Most rely on an indirect determination of cell death (metabolism, molecular transport, and leakage, to name a few). In contrast, we have developed a promising novel method for a “direct” determination of cell viability. The potential method assesses cell membrane integrity (which is essential for all viable cells) by measuring the electrical potential of the cell membrane. To test the assay, we chose two different cell types, blood macrophages (TLT) and breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF 7). We exposed them to seven different toxic scenarios (arsenic (V), UV light, hydrogen peroxide, nutrient starvation, Tetrabromobisphenol A, fatty acids, and 5-fluorouracil) to induce different cell death pathways. Under controlled test conditions, the assay showed good accuracy when comparing the toxicity assessment with well-established methods. Moreover, the method showed compatibility with live cell imaging. Although we know that further studies are needed to confirm the performance of the assay in other situations, the results obtained are promising for their wider application in the future.
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12
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Daniel MG, Mariano J GS, Olivia GA, Cesar GH, Bertha JF, Rosa Isela OB, Maribel RA, Rogelio FR, Marco MM, Stefan R, Sylvia S, Horacio B, Fidel MG. Prebiotic effect of fructans from Agave salmiana on probiotic lactic acid bacteria and in children as a supplement for malnutrition. Food Funct 2022; 13:4184-4193. [PMID: 35322820 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An imbalanced gut microbiota predisposes the development of nutritional disorders and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Several studies have shown improvements on the host's health by enhancing the microbiota with prebiotics that stimulate probiotic microorganisms. This study describes the prebiotic effect of fructans from Agave salmiana consumed by children as a supplement for malnutrition. We report the extraction and degree of polymerization of fructans from A. salmiana, food safety and inflammatory analyses, and their effect in vitro on probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These fructans were included in the diet of 5-year-old normal-weight and malnourished children in double-blind, two-week interventions that compared the effects on their weight, bacterial count, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The extracted powdered fructans from A. salmiana had a composition comparable to inulin, were safe for human consumption, and stimulated the growth in vitro of three characteristic LAB. The children who consumed these fructans had a considerable weight gain, an increased number of LAB, and a decreased concentration of VOCs (indicative of less dysbiosis), demonstrating positive effects of this prebiotic on their microbiota, which were more significant in malnourished children. Fructans from A. salmiana induced in malnourished children significant weight gain and improved the functionality of their gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garcia-Soto Mariano J
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico.
| | | | - Godinez-Hernandez Cesar
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Juarez-Flores Bertha
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Rodriguez-Aguilar Maribel
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Flores-Ramirez Rogelio
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Martinez-Martinez Marco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico.
| | - Ratering Stefan
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Schnell Sylvia
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Bach Horacio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martinez-Gutierrez Fidel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78210, Mexico. .,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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13
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Li X, Chen L, Zhou H, Wang J, Zhao C, Pang X. PFOA regulate adenosine receptors and downstream concentration-response cAMP-PKA pathway revealed by integrated omics and molecular dynamics analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149910. [PMID: 34500266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an important pollutant, perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) has been widely concerned and reported by thousands of times, while less is known about the concentration-response pathway of PFOA. The aim of the present work was to reveal the concentration-response mechanism of PFOA in human cells. Omics results showed that calcium-related pathways play key roles in PFOA injury mechanisms. The results of GO and KEGG analyses showed that the cAMP signaling pathway was presented as the top one in all of the regulatory patterns and concentrations groups of PFOA. In the cAMP signaling pathway, the adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) recognized the low concentration of PFOA and induced pathway "Gi-cAMP-PKA" to decrease the concentration of cAMP. This indicated that the low concentration of PFOA may promote breast hyperplasia and inhibit lactation. While adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) recognized the high concentration of PFOA and induced pathway "GS-AC-cAMP-RKA" to increase the concentration of cAMP, induce cell damage and may lead to the deterioration of breast cancer. The results of molecular dynamics simulation showed that PFOA could bind to ADORA1 and ADORA2A, thus cause subsequent signal transduction. Furthermore, considering the strong binding ability of PFOA with ADORA1, PFOA tends to bind to ADORA1 at a low concentration. On the other side, PFOA at high concentration will continue to bind to another receptor protein, ADORA2A, and activate subsequent signaling pathways. Combined analyses of transcriptomic and proteomic revealed that different concentrations of PFOA regulate cellular calcium-related pathways. The cAMP pathway showed a concentration-response effect of PFOA. After treatment with different concentrations of PFOA, ADORA1 and ADORA2A were activated respectively, showing opposite cellular effects, leading to kinds of breast lesions. In the nervous system, PFOA might induce a variety of nervous system diseases. The present work was an exploration on the toxicological mechanism of PFOA, providing important information on the health impacts of PFOA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Neurology Department, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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14
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Simultaneous Determination of Nine Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids in Chinese Wolfberry and Soybean by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with a Novel Derivatization Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ojo AF, Xia Q, Peng C, Ng JC. Evaluation of the individual and combined toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances to human liver cells using biomarkers of oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130808. [PMID: 34022600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although human exposure is to mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their combined effects and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the combined effects of PFAS was investigated by treating human liver cells (HepG2) with various concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) individually or in binary combinations (PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS) for 24 h using an orthogonal design. The individual and binary combination effects of PFAS on the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by MTS assay, dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, and GSH-Glo™ Glutathione assay, respectively. The results showed that exposure to PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, PFNA, and PFHxS individually and in binary combinations caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. Also, intracellular ROS production was not significantly induced in both the individual and co-treatment groups, indicating that ROS production may not be likely influencing the combined cytotoxicity of PFAS to HepG2 cells. However, the depletion of the intracellular glutathione levels was correlated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, the factorial analysis results showed no significant interactive effects between PFOS + PFOA, PFOS + PFDA, PFOS + PFNA, PFOS + PFHxS, PFOA + PFDA, PFOA + PFNA, and PFOA + PFHxS. Taken together, the results showed that both individual and combined PFAS could induce concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and depletion of GSH levels, but could not induce significant increases in ROS production at the concentration range tested. Overall, these results provided valuable toxicological data on the combined effects of mixed PFAS that may help to better assess their human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke F Ojo
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Qing Xia
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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16
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Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances through human milk in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3047-3051. [PMID: 33839913 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmental contaminants that have been shown to exert toxic effects, which are dependent upon concentration, in animals and humans. No specific data on the exposure of preterm infants to PFASs are available. We aimed to quantify the potential exposure of preterm infants to PFASs through human milk (HM), to be compared to the exposure data recently reported for infants by EFSA. The amount of PFASs in ten preterm (PHM) and ten donor HM (DHM) samples was evaluated, and the expected daily intake (EDI) at full enteral feeding was calculated. This EDI was compared to the mean and the 95th centile dietary exposure ranges at the lower bound for infants issued by EFSA. The calculated median EDI for total PFASs was 20.72 ng/kg/day (range 10.72-107.84) for PHM and 17.92 ng/kg/day (range 6.4-28.96) for DHM, which were both higher than mean exposure ranges reported for infants (2.4-12.2 ng/kg/day). The calculated EDI for DHM was far more similar to the 95th centile (4.5-27.9 ng/kg/day) dietary exposure ranges. For PHM samples, higher EDI values were obtained, with 4 out of 10 samples exceeding the upper limit of the 95th centile range.Conclusion: The exposure of preterm infants to PFASs through HM feeding might exceed reference values reported for older and healthier infants. Given the immunological and developmental vulnerability of preterm infants, the risks related to their exposure to PFASs should be further investigated, also focusing on how maternal exposure and subsequent transfer through HM feeding can be reduced. What is Known: • Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmental contaminants that have been shown to exert toxic effects, which are dependent upon concentration, in animals and humans. The EFSA has recently issued reference values for PFASs exposure for different age groups. • Infants might be exposed to PFASs prenatally, as these substances can cross the placenta, and postnatally, through breastfeeding. No specific data about exposure of preterm infants through human milk (HM) feeding are currently available. What is New: • The exposure of preterm infants to PFASs through HM feeding might exceed reference values reported for older and healthier infants. • Given the immunological and developmental vulnerability of preterm infants, the risks related to their exposure to PFASs deserve further investigation. As HM represents the optimal feeding for preterm infants, it will be fundamental to focus on how maternal exposure and subsequent transfer through HM feeding can be reduced.
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17
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Yang Y, Meng K, Chen M, Xie S, Chen D. Fluorotelomer Alcohols' Toxicology Correlates with Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:71-101. [PMID: 33866421 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are widely used as industrial raw materials due to their unique hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. However, because of accidental exposure to products containing FTOHs or with the widespread use of FTOHs, they tend to contaminate the water and the soil. There are reports demonstrating that FTOHs can cause various harmful effects in animals and humans (for example, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine-disrupting activity, and developmental and reproductive toxicities). Oxidative stress is related to a variety of toxic effects induced by FTOHs. To date, few reviews have addressed the relationship between the toxicity of FTOHs and oxidative stress. This article summarises research demonstrating that the toxicity induced by FTOHs correlates with oxidative stress and metabolism. Furthermore, during the metabolic process of FTOHs, a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are involved and many metabolites are produced by these enzymes, which can induce oxidative stress. This is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kuiyu Meng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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18
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Ji Y, Cui Z, Wang Z, Cao Y, Li X, Li A. Simultaneous determination of seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in water samples by 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115043. [PMID: 32623247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new derivatization reagent, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr), was employed to determine seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) simultaneously in tap water with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique in this study. Firstly, seven PFCAs were derivatized to their corresponding esters under alkaline condition. The derivatization conditions including the amount of PFBBr and K2CO3, derivatization temperature and time were optimized to increase the derivatization efficiency. The 14 tap water samples collected from different places of China were enriched and purified through solid phase extraction pretreatment. The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 0.28 ng/L and from 0.3 ng/L to 0.84 ng/L, respectively. The new method offers a linear relationship in the range from 2 ng/L to 2000 ng/L, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9938 to 0.9994. The results showed that GC-MS combined with pre-column derivatization is a reliable method for the analysis of PFCAs in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Ji
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zongyan Cui
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yanzhong Cao
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Adan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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19
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Bonato M, Corrà F, Bellio M, Guidolin L, Tallandini L, Irato P, Santovito G. PFAS Environmental Pollution and Antioxidant Responses: An Overview of the Impact on Human Field. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8020. [PMID: 33143342 PMCID: PMC7663035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, perfluorinated substances (PFAS) are widely used in multiple industrial and commercial applications, but they are toxic for animals, humans included. This review presents some available data on the PFAS environmental distribution in the world, and in particular in Europe and in the Veneto region of Italy, where it has become a serious problem for human health. The consumption of contaminated food and drinking water is considered one of the major source of exposure for humans. Worldwide epidemiological studies report the negative effects that PFAS have on human health, due to environmental pollution, including infertility, steroid hormone perturbation, thyroid, liver and kidney disorders, and metabolic disfunctions. In vitro and in vivo researches correlated PFAS exposure to oxidative stress effects (in mammals as well as in other vertebrates of human interest), produced by a PFAS-induced increase of reactive oxygen species formation. The cellular antioxidant defense system is activated by PFAS, but it is only partially able to avoid the oxidative damage to biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (L.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (L.G.); (L.T.)
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20
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Seyoum A, Pradhan A, Jass J, Olsson PE. Perfluorinated alkyl substances impede growth, reproduction, lipid metabolism and lifespan in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139682. [PMID: 32521362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine compounds with unique stability accompanied with hydrophobic and lipophobic properties. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are of high concern due to their wide application in consumer and industrial products, extreme persistence, abundant occurrence in the environment and their toxic effect to humans and animals. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and the effects on reproduction output remain scarce. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PFOS and PFOA on Daphnia magna. Acute toxicity, development, reproduction, lipid metabolism (lipid-accumulation) and lifespan was investigated, as well as the expression of genes related to these endpoints. Exposure of PFOS and PFOA at 1, 10 and 25 μM did not cause acute lethality. Hatching was reduced following exposure to both compounds, and lifespan was decreased following exposure to 25 μM PFOS. Body length of Daphnia magna was reduced significantly by 25 μM PFOS following 7 days exposure. Lipid staining revealed that all PFAS exposures increased lipid accumulation. qRT-PCR analysis of genes involved in lipid metabolism suggests that the increase in lipid content could be due to inhibition of genes involved on absorption and catabolism of fatty acids. Exposure to both PFOA and PFOS reduced the fecundity significantly. Downregulation of genes involved in development and reproductive process, including vtg2, vasa, EcRA, EcRB, usp, jhe, HR3, ftz-F1, E74 and E75 were observed. The alterations in developmental and reproductive genes as well as the disturbed lipid metabolism provides mechanistic insight into the possible causes for decreased fecundity and lifespan observed following exposure to both PFOS and PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmerom Seyoum
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
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21
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Juan-García A, Bind MA, Engert F. Larval zebrafish as an in vitro model for evaluating toxicological effects of mycotoxins. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110909. [PMID: 32800244 PMCID: PMC7431674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in food has created concern. Mycotoxin prevalence in our environment has changed in the last few years maybe due to climatic and other environmental changes. Evidence has emerged from in vitro and in vivo models: some mycotoxins have been found to be potentially carcinogenic, embryogenically harmful, teratogenic, and to generate nephrotoxicity. The risk assessment of exposures to mycotoxins at early life stages became mandatory. In this regard, the effects of toxic compounds on zebrafish have been widely studied, and more recently, mycotoxins have been tested with respect to their effects on developmental and teratogenic effects in this model system, which offers several advantages as it is an inexpensive and an accessible vertebrate model to study developmental toxicity. External post-fertilization and quick maturation make it sensitive to environmental effects and facilitate the detection of endpoints such as morphological deformities, time of hatching, and behavioral responses. Therefore, there is a potential for larval zebrafish to provide new insights into the toxicological effects of mycotoxins. We provide an overview of recent mycotoxin toxicological research in zebrafish embryos and larvae, highlighting its usefulness to toxicology and discuss the strengths and limitations of this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pecquet AM, Maier A, Kasper S, Sumanas S, Yadav J. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) decreases neutrophil migration response to injury in zebrafish embryos. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:408. [PMID: 32867820 PMCID: PMC7460781 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and a known immune suppressant in humans and experimental animal models. Studies on PFOA have focused on suppression of the adaptive immune response; however, little is known of the impact on innate immunity, especially during embryogenesis. Therefore, we utilized the zebrafish chemotaxis assay coupled with in situ hybridization for myeloperoxidase expression to determine the effects of PFOA exposure on neutrophil migration in the developing zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish embryos are a well-established in vivo model that exhibit high homology with the development of human innate immunity. Results Treatment of zebrafish with increasing concentrations of PFOA identified the lethal concentration in 50% of the embryos (LC50) to be 300 mg/L. Utilizing the zebrafish chemotaxis assay, this study showed that wounding induced significant neutrophil migration to the site of injury, and that neutrophil number in the wound region was significantly reduced in response to 48-h PFOA exposure (well below doses causing acute mortality). This study demonstrates that the developing embryo is sensitive to PFOA exposure and that PFOA can modify the innate immune system during embryonic development. These results lay the groundwork for future investigation on the mechanisms underlying PFOA-induced developmental immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Pecquet
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Andrew Maier
- Cardno ChemRisk, 9999 Carver Road, Suite 125, Blue Ash, OH, 45242, USA
| | - Susan Kasper
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Peropadre A, Hazen MJ, Pérez Martín JM, Fernández Freire P. An acute exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid causes non-reversible plasma membrane injury in HeLa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114008. [PMID: 31995777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Health and environmental risks regarding perfluorooctanoic acid, a well-known perfluorinated compound, are still a subject of great concern. Ubiquitous exposure and disparity of results make it difficult to determine the underlying mechanism of action, especially at the cellular level. This study proposes an experimental design to assess the reversibility of adverse effects after a one-time exposure to the compound, in comparison with other more conventional timings. Complementary endpoints including total protein content, neutral red uptake and MTT reduction tests along with division rates and microscopic observations were evaluated in HeLa cells. In addition, PFOA quantification inside the cells was performed. The cellular effects exerted after 24 h exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid are non-reversible after a 48 h recovery period. In addition, we describe for the first time the induction of plasma membrane blebbing and the activation of membrane repair mechanisms after recovery from non-cytotoxic treatments with the compound. This experimental design has provided relevant information regarding the toxicity of this perfluorinated compound, relating all the adverse effects detected to its interaction with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Peropadre
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Hazen
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez Martín
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Methodology for Analysis of UV Filters in Tilapia Using Off-line MSPD Followed by On-line SPE–LC/UV. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Qi X, Zhou J, Wang M, Yang MR, Tang XY, Mao XF, Wang TT. Perfluorinated compounds in poultry products from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:1079-1086. [PMID: 31466148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken, duck, egg, and duck egg samples from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions in China were analyzed for 17 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). The concentrations of PFCs in chicken and duck livers ranged from <LOD to 35.53 μg/kg and 40.41 μg/kg, respectively, which is higher than in other tissues. PFDA was the predominant PFC in live with mean concentrations of 2.09 μg/kg and 1.73 μg/kg in chicken and duck livers, respectively. The mean ∑PFCs concentrations were 1.87 μg/kg and 1.88 μg/kg in chicken and duck eggs, respectively. The mean PFC concentrations were also similar in the subcutaneous fat of both chicken and duck. The total PFC concentrations in chicken and ducks ranged from <LOD to 54.63 μg/kg and 10.21 μg/kg. The current concentration levels of PFCs would not cause health risks to adults even with the frequent consumption of poultry products. However, the higher concentrations of PFCs in chicken and chicken eggs might cause health risks in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Meng-Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue-Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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26
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Wiener RC, Waters C. Perfluoroalkyls/polyfluoroalkyl substances and dental caries experience in children, ages 3-11 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014. J Public Health Dent 2019; 79:307-319. [PMID: 31286520 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to determine the association of seven perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances versus dental caries experience in US children, ages 3-11 years. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used in the analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 serological data of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The seven perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances were: 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid; perfluorodecanoic acid; perfluorononanoic acid; perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; linear isomers of perfluorooctanoate; linear perfluorooctane sulfonate; and monomethyl branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate. Two summative variables were created: monomethyl branch isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid with linear isomer of perfluorooctane and branch isomers of perfluorooctanoate with linear isomer perfluorooctonate. RESULTS In unadjusted logistic regression, in which the comparison was between the less than 75th percentile reference group and the 75th and above percentile group, higher perfluorodecanoic acid was associated with dental caries experience [unadjusted odds ratio: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.46; P = 0.0069); adjusted odds ratio: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.30; P = 0.0385)]. CONCLUSIONS Of the seven examined perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, only perfluorodecanoic acid had an association with dental caries experience in an unadjusted model and adjusted logistic regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Constance Wiener
- Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christopher Waters
- Department of Dental Research, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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A Review of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in terms of Sources, Applications, Human Exposure, Dietary Intake, Toxicity, Legal Regulation, and Methods of Determination. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2717528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed across the world and are expected to be of concern to human health and the environment. The review focuses on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and, in particular, on the most frequently discussed perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In this study, some basic information concerning PFASs is reviewed, focusing mainly on PFAAs (perfluoroalkyl acids). We have made efforts to systemize their division into groups according to chemical structure, describe their basic physicochemical properties, characterize production technologies, and determine potential human exposure routes with particular reference to oral exposure. A variety of possible toxicological effects to human health are also discussed. In response to increasing public concern about the toxicity of PFAAs, an evaluation of dietary intake has been undertaken for two of the most commonly known PFAAs: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). As summarized in this study, PFAAs levels need further assessment due to the science-based TWI standards laid down by the EFSA’s CONTAM Panel regarding the risk to human health posed by the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food (tolerable weekly intakes of PFOA and PFOS set up to 6 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1 and 13 ng·kg−1·bw·week−1, respectively). Current legislation, relevant legislation on PFAAs levels in food, and the most popular methods of analysis in food matrices are described.
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Yang HB, Zhao YZ, Tang Y, Gong HQ, Guo F, Sun WH, Liu SS, Tan H, Chen F. Antioxidant defence system is responsible for the toxicological interactions of mixtures: A case study on PFOS and PFOA in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:435-443. [PMID: 30833242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are two types of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) frequently studied in recent years due to their potential for bioaccumulation and toxicity to humans. Usually, PFCs can co-exist in various environment. Therefore, over- or under-estimated risk assessments would result if antagonism or synergism occurred in mixture toxicity. In the present study, the acute and chronic toxicities of single and mixtures of PFOA and PFOS to Daphnia magna were investigated. PFOS was more toxic than PFOA, both in 48-h acute toxicity and 21-d chronic toxicity. In acute toxicity tests, mixture toxicities showed strong synergistic effects on mortality. The experimental EC50 of the mixture is 4.44 × 10-5 mol/L, whereas the predicted EC50 is 8.19 × 10-5 mol/L by Concentration Addition Model and 9.73 × 10-5 mol/L by Independent Action Model. In chronic toxicity tests, synergistic effects were also found in the aspects of offspring. The offspring rate is reduced significantly to 39.8% at the 9.61 × 10-7 mol/L of mixture, while, PFOS and PFOA do not have effects when they are tested individually at corresponding concentrations. To explore the potential mechanism of the synergistic effect, the interactions between PFCs and proteins, including acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ecdysone receptor and glutathione-S-transferase, were investigated by the Molecular Docking. The docking results revealed that the driving forces for the binding of PFCs with proteins were predominantly hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Based on the binding models, we deduced that the potential mechanism of synergism is that PFOS and PFOA have similar binding modes with catalase and have different binding modes with superoxide dismutase. Overall, these data provide experimental evidence that there is strong synergism in acute and chronic toxicity of mixtures to D. magna and demonstrate that molecular structure of some components of the antioxidant defence system contributes to the synergistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hui-Qin Gong
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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29
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Role of astrocytes-derived d-serine in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity through NMDARs in the rat primary hippocampal neurons. Toxicology 2019; 422:14-24. [PMID: 31004706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and has been used in industrial and consumer products. It has already been shown that PFOS could be detected in the environmental media and biological species including humans, due to its resistance to environmental degradation. PFOS is known to induce a series of adverse impacts on human health, e.g., as a potential neurotoxic substance. Recent studies suggest that astrocytes act as the mediator in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanism needs further investigation. Under the physiological condition, astrocytes play an important role in maintaining brain functions through releasing and up-taking of neurotransmitters between astrocytes and neurons. In the present study, astrocytes-derived d-serine was shown to be involved in PFOS-induced apoptosis and death in the rat primary hippocampal neurons. Significant alterations in d-serine were found in astrocytes, mediated by the molecules in d-serine synthesis (serine racemase), metabolism (d-amino acid oxidase) and delivery (calcium, vacuolar type H+-ATPase, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter and connexin 43 hemichannels). Meanwhile, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1, NR2 A and NR2B) gene and protein expressions were significantly increased in the hippocampal neurons exposed to the PFOS-activated astrocytes-conditional medium (ACM). Further, the adverse effects of PFOS could be attenuated by the fluorocitrate (an inhibitor for d-serine up-taken by the glial cells) application. Our data indicated that astrocytes-derived d-serine was involved in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity through the NMDARs in the rat primary hippocampal neurons.
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30
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Vogs C, Johanson G, Näslund M, Wulff S, Sjödin M, Hellstrandh M, Lindberg J, Wincent E. Toxicokinetics of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids Influences Their Toxic Potency in the Zebrafish Embryo ( Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3898-3907. [PMID: 30844262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA) are highly persistent and bioaccumulative and have been associated with several adverse health effects. The chemical structure mainly differs in two ways: the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain and the type of hydrophilic end group. Little is known how the chemical structure affects the toxicokinetics (TK) in different organisms. We studied the TK of four PFAA (PFOS, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFBA) with different chain lengths (4-8 carbons) and functional groups (sulfonic and carboxylic acid) in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) embryo. The time courses of the external (ambient water) and internal concentrations were determined at three exposure concentrations from 2 up to 120 h postfertilization (hpf). Three of the four PFAA showed a biphasic uptake pattern with slow uptake before hatching (around 48 hpf) and faster uptake thereafter. A two-compartment TK model adequately described the biphasic uptake pattern, suggesting that the chorion functions as an uptake barrier until 48 hpf. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) determined at 120 hpf varied widely between PFAA with averages of approximately 4000 (PFOS), 200 (PFHxS), 50 (PFOA), and 0.8 (PFBA) L kg dry weight-1, suggesting that both the alkyl chain length and the functional group influence the TK. The differences in toxic potency were reduced by 3 orders of magnitude when comparing internal effect concentrations instead of effective external concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vogs
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Markus Näslund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Sascha Wulff
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Marcus Sjödin
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Magnus Hellstrandh
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , 171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , 151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
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31
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Pico Y, Belenguer V, Corcellas C, Diaz-Cruz MS, Eljarrat E, Farré M, Gago-Ferrero P, Huerta B, Navarro-Ortega A, Petrovic M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater L, Santín G, Barcelo D. Contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater fish from four Spanish Rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1186-1198. [PMID: 31096332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of 135 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) - pharmaceuticals, pesticides, a set of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) (parabens, bisphenols, hormones, triazoles, organophosphorus flame retardants and triclosan), UV-filters, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) - in 59 fish samples, collected in 2010 in 4 Spanish Rivers (Guadalquivir, Júcar, Ebro and Llobregat). Of the 135 CECs, 76 including 8 pharmaceuticals, 25 pesticides, 10 EDCs, 5 UV-filters, 15 PFASs and 13 HFRs were detected. Pharmaceuticals were the less frequently found and at lower concentrations. Pesticides, EDCs, UV-filters, PFASs and HFRs were detected more frequently (>50% of the samples). The maximum concentrations were 15 ng/g dry weight (dw) for pharmaceuticals (diclofenac), 840 ng/g dw for pesticides (chlorpyrifos), 224 ng/g dw for EDCs (bisphenol A), 242 ng/g dw for UV-filters (EHMC), 1738 ng/g dw for PFASs (PFHxA) and 64 ng/g dw for HFRs (Dec 602). The contaminants detected in fish are commonly detected also in sediments. In light of current knowledge, the risk assessment revealed that there was no risk for humans related to the exposure to CECs via freshwater fish consumption. However, results provide detailed information on the mixtures of CECs accumulated that would be very useful to identify their effects on aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pico
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) Joint Centre University of Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valencian, Moncada-Náquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - V Belenguer
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) Joint Centre University of Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valencian, Moncada-Náquera Road, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Corcellas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M S Diaz-Cruz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Farré
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ortega
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Lluis Company 25, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - L Sabater
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Santín
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barcelo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Viada B, Cámara CI, Yudi LM. Destabilizing effect of perfluorodecanoic acid on simple membrane models. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2447-2462. [PMID: 30801603 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFA) are amphiphilic surfactants widely used in industry with several commercial applications. An important feature of these compounds is their non-biodegradability and their tendency to bio-accumulate in the environment, which has led to these compounds being considered among the most persistent pollutants worldwide. Many studies have provided evidence of their toxic effect on humans and wildlife. For this reason, more and more efforts have been made to better understand the effect of these compounds on living organisms. The aim of the present study is to understand how the electrostatic interactions and film compactness of biological membrane models modulate their interaction with PFA, more specifically with perfluorodecanoic acid (PFD). Langmuir isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) are used to evaluate the effect of PFD on lipid membrane models (air/water monolayers and vesicles), analyzing the behavior of PFD : lipid mixtures. The lipids used in this study are distearoyl phosphatidic acid (DSPA), dilauroyl phosphatidic acid (DLPA) and distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE). PFD induces an increase in the mean molecular area per lipid in monolayers, mainly at lower surface pressures. BAM images demonstrate that PFD mixes with DLPA, inducing a decrease in gray level, while it forms a non-miscible mixture with DSPA, segregating PFD domains. Insertion studies of PFD within monolayers and dynamic light scattering experiments demonstrate that PFD can penetrate into monolayers and bilayers above 30 mN m-1, which is the lateral pressure value accepted for a cellular bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Viada
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Singh RK, Fernando S, Baygi SF, Multari N, Thagard SM, Holsen TM. Breakdown Products from Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) Degradation in a Plasma-Based Water Treatment Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2731-2738. [PMID: 30768259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Byproducts produced when treating perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in water using a plasma treatment process intentionally operated to treat these compounds slowly to allow for byproduct accumulation were quantified. Several linear chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C4 to C7) were identified as byproducts of both PFOA and PFOS treatment. PFOA, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) were also found to be byproducts from PFOS degradation. Significant concentrations of fluoride ions, inorganic carbon, and smaller organic acids (trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid) were also identified. In addition to PFCAs, PFHxS, and PFBS, trace amounts of 43 PFOA-related and 35 PFOS-related byproducts were also identified using a screening and search-based algorithm. Minor concentrations of gas-phase byproducts were also identified (<2.5% of the F originally associated with the parent molecules) some of which are reported for the first time in perfluoroalkyl substance degradation experiments including cyclic perfluoroalkanes (C4F8, C5F10, C6F12, C7F14, and C8F16). The short chain PFCAs detected suggest the occurrence of a stepwise reduction of the parent perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) molecule, followed by oxidation of intermediates, perfluoroalkyl radicals, and perfluoro alcohols/ketones. Using a fluorine mass balance, 77% of the fluorine associated with the parent PFOA and 58% of the fluorine associated with the parent PFOS were identified. The bulk of the remaining fluorine was determined to be sorbed to reactor walls and tubing using sorption experiments in which plasma was not generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal Singh
- Plasma Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Sadjad Fakouri Baygi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Nicholas Multari
- Plasma Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Selma Mededovic Thagard
- Plasma Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
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Rutkowska M, Płotka-Wasylka J, Lubinska-Szczygeł M, Różańska A, Możejko-Ciesielska J, Namieśnik J. Birds' feathers – Suitable samples for determination of environmental pollutants. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Khezri A, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Ropstad E, Fraser TW. Mycotoxins induce developmental toxicity and behavioural aberrations in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:500-506. [PMID: 30005262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by varieties of fungi that contaminate food and feed resources and are capable of inducing a wide range of toxicity. In the current study, we investigated developmental and behavioural toxicity in zebrafish larvae after exposure to six different mycotoxins; ochratoxin A (OTA), type A trichothecenes mycotoxin (T-2 toxin), type B trichothecenes mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol - DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites alpha-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and beta-zearalenol (β-ZOL). Developmental defects, hatching time, and survival were monitored until 96 h post fertilisation (hpf). The EC50, LC50, and IC50 values were calculated. Subsequently, to assess behavioural toxicity, new sets of embryos were exposed to a series of non-lethal doses within the range of environmental and/or developmental concern. Results indicated that all the tested mycotoxins were toxic, they all induced developmental defects, and with the exception of OTA, all affected hatching time. Behavioural effects were only observed following exposure to OTA and ZEN and its metabolites, α ZOL and β ZOL. These results demonstrate that mycotoxins are teratogenic and can influence behaviour in a vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Science, Pb. 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Science, Pb. 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Wk Fraser
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Science, Pb. 8146 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway
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Peropadre A, Fernández Freire P, Hazen MJ. A moderate exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid causes persistent DNA damage and senescence in human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Picot-Groz M, Fenet H, Martinez Bueno MJ, Rosain D, Gomez E. Diurnal variations in personal care products in seawater and mussels at three Mediterranean coastal sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9051-9059. [PMID: 29333571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of personal care products (PCPs) in the marine environment is of major concern. PCPs, UV filters, and musks can enter the marine environment indirectly through wastewater or directly via recreational activities. We conducted this study to document patterns in the occurrence of seven PCPs at three coastal sites impacted by recreational activities during 1 day. The study focused on diurnal variations in these seven PCPs in seawater and indigenous mussels. In seawater, UV filters showed diurnal variations that mirrored variations in recreational activities at the sites. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OC) water concentrations increased from under the limit of quantification in the morning to 106 and 369 ng/L, respectively, when recreational activities were the highest. In mussels, diurnal variations in OC were observed, with the lowest concentrations recorded in the morning and then increasing throughout the day. As Mytilus spp. are widely used as sentinels in coastal pollution monitoring programs (mussel watch), our findings on diurnal variations could enhance sampling recommendations for recreational sites impacted by PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picot-Groz
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Rosain
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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Weiss-Errico MJ, Berry JP, O'Shea KE. β-Cyclodextrin Attenuates Perfluorooctanoic Acid Toxicity in the Zebrafish Embryo Model. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5040031. [PMID: 29113040 PMCID: PMC5750559 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been linked to negative health outcomes including cancer, thyroid disease, infertility, and developmental delays. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic sugar, has been previously shown to form strong host–guest complexes with PFOA, and is proposed as a means of environmental remediation with respect to this widespread contaminant. In the present study, β-CD was directly examined with regards to possible attenuation of the toxicity of PFOA specifically employing the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of PFOA without β-CD, and with equimolar (1:1) and excess (2:1) molar ratios of β-CD to PFOA, and assessed for lethality and developmental toxicity through seven days post-fertilization (dpf). Rapid onset of lethality with limited morphological abnormalities was observed at relatively low concentrations of PFOA (LC50 ≈ 50 ppm), along with effects on morphometric and neurobehavioral parameters in surviving embryos. A highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the 2:1 treatment, and both 1:1 and PFOA only treatments, with respect to lethal concentration and apparent neurobehavioral effects, suggesting an effectively reduced toxicity of the fully complexed PFOA. In contrast, however, neither β-CD treatment reduced developmental toxicity with respect to the morphometric endpoint (i.e., interocular distance). Whereas LC50 of PFOA alone did not change over 7 dpf, the 1:1 and 2:1 values decreased slightly over time, suggesting either delayed or alternative toxic effects on later developmental stages at presumptively lowered levels. This study, therefore, indicates β-CD may be an effective agent to reduce toxicity of and mitigate environmental health concerns associated with PFOA, but that further study is required to elucidate the mechanism of complexation as it relates to the attenuation of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Weiss-Errico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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