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Camps-Vilaró A, Pinsach-Abuin ML, Degano IR, Ramos R, Martí-Lluch R, Elosua R, Subirana I, Solà-Richarte C, Puigmulé M, Pérez A, Vilaró I, Cruz R, Diz-de Almeida S, Nogues X, Masclans JR, Güerri-Fernández R, Marin J, Tizon-Marcos H, Vaquerizo B, Brugada R, Marrugat J. Genetic characteristics involved in COVID-19 severity. The CARGENCORS case-control study and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29404. [PMID: 38293834 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD), and thrombotic, inflammatory, or virus infectivity response phenomena have been associated with COVID-19 disease severity. However, the association of candidate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) related to mechanisms of COVID-19 complications has been seldom analysed. Our aim was to test and validate the effect of candidate SNVs on COVID-19 severity. CARGENCORS (CARdiovascular GENetic risk score for Risk Stratification of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 [COVID-19] virus) is an age- and sex-matched case-control study with 818 COVID-19 cases hospitalized with hypoxemia, and 1636 controls with COVID-19 treated at home. The association between severity and SNVs related to CAD (n = 32), inflammation (n = 19), thrombosis (n = 14), virus infectivity (n = 11), and two published to be related to COVID-19 severity was tested with adjusted logistic regression models. Two external independent cohorts were used for meta-analysis (SCOURGE and UK Biobank). After adjustment for potential confounders, 14 new SNVs were associated with COVID-19 severity in the CARGENCORS Study. These SNVs were related to CAD (n = 10), thrombosis (n = 2), and inflammation (n = 2). We also confirmed eight SNVs previously related to severe COVID-19 and virus infectivity. The meta-analysis showed five SNVs associated with severe COVID-19 in adjusted analyses (rs11385942, rs1561198, rs6632704, rs6629110, and rs12329760). We identified 14 novel SNVs and confirmed eight previously related to COVID-19 severity in the CARGENCORS data. In the meta-analysis, five SNVs were significantly associated to COVID-19 severity, one of them previously related to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Camps-Vilaró
- Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Doctoral College, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Mel Lina Pinsach-Abuin
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IdIBGi), Salt, Spain
| | - Irene R Degano
- Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Vascular Health Research Group, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
- Primary Care Services, Catalan Institute of Health, Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Martí-Lluch
- Vascular Health Research Group, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Solà-Richarte
- Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Puigmulé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IdIBGi), Salt, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Cruz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Diz-de Almeida
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogues
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan R Masclans
- Critical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine and Life Sciences department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Güerri-Fernández
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Marin
- Critical Illness Research Group (GREPAC), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Critical Care, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Tizon-Marcos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research in Heart Diseases Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vaquerizo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Biomedical Research in Heart Diseases Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IdIBGi), Salt, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Josep Trueta & University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Joshi S, Prakhya KS, Smith AN, Chanzu H, Zhang M, Whiteheart SW. The complementary roles of VAMP-2, -3, and -7 in platelet secretion and function. Platelets 2023; 34:2237114. [PMID: 37545110 PMCID: PMC10564522 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2237114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet secretion requires Soluble N-ethylmaleimide Sensitive Attachment Protein Receptors (SNAREs). Vesicle SNAREs/Vesicle-Associated Membrane Proteins (v-SNAREs/VAMPs) on granules and t-SNAREs in plasma membranes mediate granule release. Platelet VAMP heterogeneity has complicated the assessment of how/if each is used and affects hemostasis. To address the importance of VAMP-7 (V7), we analyzed mice with global deletions of V3 and V7 together or platelet-specific deletions of V2, V3, and global deletion of V7. We measured the kinetics of cargo release, and its effects on three injury models to define the context-specific roles of these VAMPs. Loss of V7 minimally affected dense and α granule release but did affect lysosomal release. V3-/-7-/- and V2Δ3Δ7-/- platelets showed partial defects in α and lysosomal release; dense granule secretion was unaffected. In vivo assays showed that loss of V2, V3, and V7 caused no bleeding or occlusive thrombosis. These data indicate a role for V7 in lysosome release that is partially compensated by V3. V7 and V3, together, contribute to α granule release, however none of these deletions affected hemostasis/thrombosis. Our results confirm the dominance of V8. When it is present, deletion of V2, V3, or V7 alone or in combination minimally affects platelet secretion and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Alexis N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Harry Chanzu
- GenScript USA Inc., 860 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are multi-domain proteins whose potent and selective actions on nerve endings have led to innovations in both basic and clinical science. The various BoNT domains are responsible for binding to gangliosides and proteins associated with nerve cell membranes, internalization into the cell, and cleavage of one or more SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins necessary for vesicle docking and fusion. Novel modifications to BoNT molecules, such as the creation of chimeras, helped identify the protein domains responsible for various aspects of BoNT action, such as localized effects. Other molecular modifications have been introduced in attempts to increase the specificity of BoNTs for autonomic or sensory neurons, with the ultimate goal of optimizing therapeutic selectivity. This research, in turn, has led to the development of BoNT-based proteins that can target non-SNARE substrates such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Still others are developing different BoNT serotypes, subtypes, or variants that are longer- or shorter-acting or have faster onset for various clinical purposes. New formulations of BoNTs that provide convenience for both patients and physicians are under investigation. Novel clinical uses are being evaluated for onabotulinumtoxinA, including in the prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation. All these innovations capitalize on the unique properties of BoNTs, which continue to intrigue scientists and clinicians across numerous fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Oliver Dolly
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mitchell F Brin
- Allergan/AbbVie, Irvine, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Watson ET, Pauers MM, Seibert MJ, Vevea JD, Chapman ER. Synaptic vesicle proteins are selectively delivered to axons in mammalian neurons. eLife 2023; 12:e82568. [PMID: 36729040 PMCID: PMC9894587 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles (SVs) mediate synaptic transmission and are a hallmark specialization in neuronal axons. Yet, how SV proteins are sorted to presynaptic nerve terminals remains the subject of debate. The leading model posits that these proteins are randomly trafficked throughout neurons and are selectively retained in presynaptic boutons. Here, we used the RUSH (retention using selective hooks) system, in conjunction with HaloTag labeling approaches, to study the egress of two distinct transmembrane SV proteins, synaptotagmin 1 and synaptobrevin 2, from the soma of mature cultured rat and mouse neurons. For these studies, the SV reporter constructs were expressed at carefully controlled, very low levels. In sharp contrast to the selective retention model, both proteins selectively and specifically entered axons with minimal entry into dendrites. However, even moderate overexpression resulted in the spillover of SV proteins into dendrites, potentially explaining the origin of previous non-polarized transport models, revealing the limited, saturable nature of the direct axonal trafficking pathway. Moreover, we observed that SV constituents were first delivered to the presynaptic plasma membrane before incorporation into SVs. These experiments reveal a new-found membrane trafficking pathway, for SV proteins, in classically polarized mammalian neurons and provide a glimpse at the first steps of SV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Watson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Michaela M Pauers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Michael J Seibert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Jason D Vevea
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMadisonUnited States
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The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021337. [PMID: 36674857 PMCID: PMC9865891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40-200 nm in diameter that are secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and DNA, exosomes are able to perform such vital functions as maintaining cellular homeostasis, removing cellular debris, and facilitating intercellular and interorgan communication. Exosomes travel in all body fluids and deliver their molecular messages in autocrine, paracrine as well as endocrine manners. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in studying exosomes as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, since in many disease conditions this machinery becomes dysregulated or hijacked by pathological processes. Additionally, delivery of exosomes and exosomal miRNA has already been shown to improve systemic metabolism and inhibit progression of cancer development in mice. However, the subcellular machinery of exosomes, including their biogenesis, release and uptake, remains largely unknown. This review will bring molecular details of these processes up to date with the goal of expanding the knowledge basis for designing impactful exosome experiments in the future.
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Yang Z, Zhao P, Peng W, Liu Z, Xie G, Ma X, An Z, An F. Cloning, Expression Analysis, and Functional Characterization of Candidate Oxalate Transporter Genes of HbOT1 and HbOT2 from Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis). Cells 2022; 11:cells11233793. [PMID: 36497054 PMCID: PMC9738940 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of oxalic acid from roots is an important aluminum detoxification mechanism for many plants such as Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree). However, the underlying molecular mechanism and oxalate transporter genes in plants have not yet been reported. In this study, the oxalate transporter candidate genes HbOT1 and HbOT2 from the rubber tree were cloned and preliminarily identified. It was found that HbOT1 had a full length of 1163 bp with CDS size of 792 bp, encoding 263 amino acids, and HbOT2 had a full length of 1647 bp with a CDS region length of 840 bp, encoding 279 amino acid residues. HbOT1 and HbOT2 were both stable hydrophobic proteins with transmembrane structure and SNARE_assoc domains, possibly belonging to the SNARE_assoc subfamily proteins of the SNARE superfamily. qRT-PCR assays revealed that HbOT1 and HbOT2 were constitutively expressed in different tissues, with HbOT1 highly expressed in roots, stems, barks, and latex, while HbOT2 was highly expressed in latex. In addition, the expressions of HbOT1 and HbOT2 were up-regulated in response to aluminum stress, and they were inducible by metals, such as copper and manganese. Heterologous expression of HbOT1 and HbOT2 in the yeast mutant AD12345678 enhanced the tolerance to oxalic acid and high concentration aluminum stress, which was closely correlated with the secretion of oxalic acid. This study is the first report on oxalate transporter genes in plants, which provides a theoretical reference for the study on the molecular mechanism of oxalic acid secretion to relieve aluminum toxicity and on aluminum-tolerance genetic engineering breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Pingjuan Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wentao Peng
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Guishui Xie
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Zewei An
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Feng An
- Hainan Danzhou Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Rubber Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.A.)
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Bollmann C, Schöning S, Kotschnew K, Grosse J, Heitzig N, Fischer von Mollard G. Primary neurons lacking the SNAREs vti1a and vti1b show altered neuronal development. Neural Dev 2022; 17:12. [PMID: 36419086 PMCID: PMC9682837 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-022-00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons are highly specialized cells with a complex morphology generated by various membrane trafficking steps. They contain Golgi outposts in dendrites, which are formed from somatic Golgi tubules. In trafficking membrane fusion is mediated by a specific combination of SNARE proteins. A functional SNARE complex contains four different helices, one from each SNARE subfamily (R-, Qa, Qb and Qc). Loss of the two Qb SNAREs vti1a and vti1b from the Golgi apparatus and endosomes leads to death at birth in mice with massive neurodegeneration in peripheral ganglia and defective axon tracts. METHODS Hippocampal and cortical neurons were isolated from Vti1a-/- Vti1b-/- double deficient, Vti1a-/- Vti1b+/-, Vti1a+/- Vti1b-/- and Vti1a+/- Vti1b+/- double heterozygous embryos. Neurite outgrowth was determined in cortical neurons and after stimulation with several neurotrophic factors or the Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK inhibitor Y27632, which induces exocytosis of enlargeosomes, in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, postsynaptic densities were isolated from embryonic Vti1a-/- Vti1b-/- and Vti1a+/- Vti1b+/- control forebrains and analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Golgi outposts were present in Vti1a-/- Vti1b+/- and Vti1a+/- Vti1b-/- dendrites of hippocampal neurons but not detected in the absence of vti1a and vti1b. The length of neurites was significantly shorter in double deficient cortical neurons. These defects were not observed in Vti1a-/- Vti1b+/- and Vti1a+/- Vti1b-/- neurons. NGF, BDNF, NT-3, GDNF or Y27632 as stimulator of enlargeosome secretion did not increase the neurite length in double deficient hippocampal neurons. Vti1a-/- Vti1b-/- postsynaptic densities contained similar amounts of scaffold proteins, AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors compared to Vti1a+/- Vti1b+/-, but much more TrkB, which is the receptor for BDNF. CONCLUSION The absence of Golgi outposts did not affect the amount of AMPA and NMDA receptors in postsynaptic densities. Even though TrkB was enriched, BDNF was not able to stimulate neurite elongation in Vti1a-/- Vti1b-/- neurons. Vti1a or vti1b function as the missing Qb-SNARE together with VAMP-4 (R-SNARE), syntaxin 16 (Qa-SNARE) and syntaxin 6 (Qc-SNARE) in induced neurite outgrowth. Our data show the importance of vti1a or vti1b for two pathways of neurite elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bollmann
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Schöning
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katharina Kotschnew
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Grosse
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nicole Heitzig
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gabriele Fischer von Mollard
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Biochemistry III, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Vats S, Galli T. Role of SNAREs in Unconventional Secretion—Focus on the VAMP7-Dependent Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884020. [PMID: 35784483 PMCID: PMC9244844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membrane protein trafficking is crucial for both normal cellular physiology and cell-cell communication. The conventional secretory route follows transport from the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. Alternative modes of secretion which can bypass the need for passage through the Golgi apparatus have been collectively termed as Unconventional protein secretion (UPS). UPS can comprise of cargo without a signal peptide or proteins which escape the Golgi in spite of entering the ER. UPS has been classified further depending on the mode of transport. Type I and Type II unconventional secretion are non-vesicular and non-SNARE protein dependent whereas Type III and Type IV dependent on vesicles and on SNARE proteins. In this review, we focus on the Type III UPS which involves the import of cytoplasmic proteins in membrane carriers of autophagosomal/endosomal origin and release in the extracellular space following SNARE-dependent intracellular membrane fusion. We discuss the role of vesicular SNAREs with a strong focus on VAMP7, a vesicular SNARE involved in exosome, lysosome and autophagy mediated secretion. We further extend our discussion to the role of unconventional secretion in health and disease with emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Vats
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Galli,
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Rezaie J, Akbari A, Rahbarghazi R. Inhibition of extracellular vesicle biogenesis in tumor cells: A possible way to reduce tumorigenesis. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:248-262. [PMID: 35285964 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to intracellular communication through transferring different biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids to cells. Two main types of EVs are exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes originate from multivesicular bodies, while microvesicles are shed from the plasma membrane. Mechanisms of exosomes and microvesicle biogenesis/trafficking are complex and many molecules are involved in their biogenesis and secretion. Tumor-derived EVs contain oncogenic molecules that promote tumor growth, metastasis, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. A growing body of evidence indicates various compounds can inhibit biogenesis and secretion of EVs from cells and several experiments were conducted to use EVs-inhibitors for understanding the biology of the cells or for understanding the pathology of several diseases like cancer. However, the nontargeting effects of drugs/inhibitors remain a concern. Our current knowledge of EVs biogenesis and their inhibition from tumor cells may provide an avenue for cancer management. In this review, we shed light on exosomes and microvesicles biogenesis, key roles of tumor-derived EVs, and discuss methods used to inhibition of EVs by different inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu X, Yang P, Sun H, Zhang Z, Cai C, Xu J, Ding X, Wang X, Lyu S, Li Z, Xu Z, Shi Q, Wang E, Lei C, Chen H, Ru B, Huang Y. CNV analysis of VAMP7 gene reveals variation associated with growth traits in Chinese cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35236249 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variant (CNV), a common genetic polymorphism, is closely related to the phenotypic variation traits of organisms. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 gene (VAMP7) codes a protein, which is a member of the SNARE proteins family and plays an important role in the process of intracellular vesicle transport. In this study, a total of four cattle breeds (Yunling cattle, Xianan cattle, Pinan cattle, Jiaxian red cattle) were used to investigate the copy numbers, and we found an association relationship between CNV of VAMP7 gene and growth traits of cattle by SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the CNV type of VAMP7 gene in four cattle breeds had the same distribution, Duplication type occupies a dominant position among the four varieties. In Yunling cattle, the Duplication type of VAMP7 is significantly related to the height at the hip cross (p < 0.05), Individuals with Duplication type commonly have less performance on growth and development, which indicates that the Duplication type of the VAMP7 gene may have a negative effect on cattle growth. Individuals with the other two CNV types may become the breeding direction of the VAMP7 gene. This study provided a new perspective and basic material for the molecular genetics of the CNV of the VAMP7 gene, and also promoted the breeding progress of Chinese local cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Cai
- Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Lyu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Xu
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Eryao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorui Ru
- Henan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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11
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Jayaraman S, Gnanasampanthapandian D, Rajasingh J, Palaniyandi K. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Potential Therapeutic Roles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:723236. [PMID: 34447796 PMCID: PMC8382889 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.723236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to myocardial abnormalities, cardiac ailments are considered to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to a recent study, membranous vesicles that are produced naturally, termed as "exosomes", have emerged as the potential candidate in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine. A wide spectrum of stem cells has also been investigated in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exosomes obtained from the stem cells are found to be cardioprotective and offer great hope in the treatment of CVD. The basic nature of exosomes is to deal with the intracellular delivery of both proteins and nucleic acids. This activity of exosomes helps us to rely on them as the attractive pharmaceutical delivery agents. Most importantly, exosomes derived from microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise in assessing the risk of CVD, as they serve as notable biomarkers of the disease. Exosomes are small, less immunogenic, and lack toxicity. These nanovesicles harbor immense potential as a therapeutic entity and would provide fruitful benefits if consequential research were focused on their upbringing and development as a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research & Medicine-Cardiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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12
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716407. [PMID: 34394121 PMCID: PMC8355618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Bowman SL, Le L, Zhu Y, Harper DC, Sitaram A, Theos AC, Sviderskaya EV, Bennett DC, Raposo-Benedetti G, Owen DJ, Dennis MK, Marks MS. A BLOC-1-AP-3 super-complex sorts a cis-SNARE complex into endosome-derived tubular transport carriers. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212016. [PMID: 33886957 PMCID: PMC8077166 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transport carriers fuse with target membranes through engagement of cognate vSNAREs and tSNAREs on each membrane. How vSNAREs are sorted into transport carriers is incompletely understood. Here we show that VAMP7, the vSNARE for fusing endosome-derived tubular transport carriers with maturing melanosomes in melanocytes, is sorted into transport carriers in complex with the tSNARE component STX13. Sorting requires either recognition of VAMP7 by the AP-3δ subunit of AP-3 or of STX13 by the pallidin subunit of BLOC-1, but not both. Consequently, melanocytes expressing both AP-3δ and pallidin variants that cannot bind their respective SNARE proteins are hypopigmented and fail to sort BLOC-1-dependent cargo, STX13, or VAMP7 into transport carriers. However, SNARE binding does not influence BLOC-1 function in generating tubular transport carriers. These data reveal a novel mechanism of vSNARE sorting by recognition of redundant sorting determinants on a SNARE complex by an AP-3-BLOC-1 super-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L. Bowman
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, Linfield University, McMinnville, OR
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dawn C. Harper
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anand Sitaram
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Elena V. Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Dorothy C. Bennett
- Cell Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Graça Raposo-Benedetti
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 144, Compartiments de Structure et de Membrane, Paris, France
| | - David J. Owen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan K. Dennis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biology, Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Correspondence to Michael S. Marks:
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14
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Lamotte JDD, Roqueviere S, Gautier H, Raban E, Bouré C, Fonfria E, Krupp J, Nicoleau C. hiPSC-Derived Neurons Provide a Robust and Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Platform to Test Botulinum Neurotoxins. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617867. [PMID: 33519485 PMCID: PMC7840483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are zinc metalloproteases that block neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Their high affinity for motor neurons combined with a high potency have made them extremely effective drugs for the treatment of a variety of neurological diseases as well as for aesthetic applications. Current in vitro assays used for testing and developing BoNT therapeutics include primary rodent cells and immortalized cell lines. Both models have limitations concerning accuracy and physiological relevance. In order to improve the translational value of preclinical data there is a clear need to use more accurate models such as human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-derived neuronal models. In this study we have assessed the potential of four different human iPSC-derived neuronal models including Motor Neurons for BoNT testing. We have characterized these models in detail and found that all models express all proteins needed for BoNT intoxication and showed that all four hiPSC-derived neuronal models are sensitive to both serotype A and E BoNT with Motor Neurons being the most sensitive. We showed that hiPSC-derived Motor Neurons expressed authentic markers after only 7 days of culture, are functional and able to form active synapses. When cultivated with myotubes, we demonstrated that they can innervate myotubes and induce contraction, generating an in vitro model of NMJ showing dose-responsive sensitivity BoNT intoxication. Together, these data demonstrate the promise of hiPSC-derived neurons, especially Motor Neurons, for pharmaceutical BoNT testing and development.
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15
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Jausoro I, Marzolo MP. Reelin activates the small GTPase TC10 and VAMP7 to promote neurite outgrowth and regeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:392-406. [PMID: 32652719 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Axonal outgrowth is a fundamental process during the development of central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system as well as in nerve regeneration and requires accurate axonal navigation and extension to the correct target. These events need proper coordination between membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangements and are under the control of the small GTPases of the Rho family, among other molecules. Reelin, a relevant protein for CNS development and synaptic function in the adult, is also present in the PNS. Upon sciatic nerve damage, Reelin expression increases and, on the other hand, mice deficient in Reelin exhibit an impaired nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism(s) involved the Reelin-dependent axonal growth is still poorly understood. In this work, we present evidence showing that Reelin stimulates dorsal root ganglia (DRG) regeneration after axotomy. Moreover, dissociated DRG neurons express the Reelin receptor Apolipoprotein E-receptor 2 and also require the presence of TC10 to develop their axons. TC10 is a Rho GTPase that promotes neurite outgrowth through the exocytic fusion of vesicles at the growth cone. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that Reelin controls TC10 activation in DRG neurons. Besides, we confirmed that the known CNS Reelin target Cdc42 is also activated in DRG and controls TC10 activity. Finally, in the process of membrane addition, we found that Reelin stimulates the fusion of membrane carriers containing the v-SNARE protein VAMP7 in vesicles that contain TC10. Altogether, our work shows a new role of Reelin in PNS, opening the option of therapeutic interventions to improve the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jausoro
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria-Paz Marzolo
- Laboratorio de Tráfico Intracelular y Señalización, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Longin R-SNARE is retrieved from the plasma membrane by ANTH domain-containing proteins in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25150-25158. [PMID: 32968023 PMCID: PMC7547277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) acts as the interface between intra- and extracellular environments and is thus important for intercellular communication and extracellular signal perception. The composition and amounts of PM proteins are tightly regulated, by molecular mechanisms that remain largely unknown in plant cells. We identified a pair of ANTH domain-containing proteins functioning as adaptors for the retrieval of VAMP72 members, which are components of the membrane fusion machinery, during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our results further indicate that the recycling mechanisms of homologous VAMP7 proteins are different in plants and animals, suggesting a divergence of the endocytosis mechanism between these two kingdoms. The plasma membrane (PM) acts as the interface between intra- and extracellular environments and exhibits a tightly regulated molecular composition. The composition and amount of PM proteins are regulated by balancing endocytic and exocytic trafficking in a cargo-specific manner, according to the demands of specific cellular states and developmental processes. In plant cells, retrieval of membrane proteins from the PM depends largely on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). However, the mechanisms for sorting PM proteins during CME remain ambiguous. In this study, we identified a homologous pair of ANTH domain-containing proteins, PICALM1a and PICALM1b, as adaptor proteins for CME of the secretory vesicle-associated longin-type R-SNARE VAMP72 group. PICALM1 interacted with the SNARE domain of VAMP72 and clathrin at the PM. The loss of function of PICALM1 resulted in faulty retrieval of VAMP72, whereas general endocytosis was not considerably affected by this mutation. The double mutant of PICALM1 exhibited impaired vegetative development, indicating the requirement of VAMP72 recycling for normal plant growth. In the mammalian system, VAMP7, which is homologous to plant VAMP72, is retrieved from the PM via the interaction with a clathrin adaptor HIV Rev-binding protein in the longin domain during CME, which is not functional in the plant system, whereas retrieval of brevin-type R-SNARE members is dependent on a PICALM1 homolog. These results indicate that ANTH domain-containing proteins have evolved to be recruited distinctly for recycling R-SNARE proteins and are critical to eukaryote physiology.
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17
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Israfil A, Israfil N. RETRACTED: Temperament gene inheritance. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Syntaxin 3 is essential for photoreceptor outer segment protein trafficking and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20615-20624. [PMID: 32778589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010751117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of photoreceptor membrane proteins from their site of synthesis in the inner segment (IS) to the outer segment (OS) is critical for photoreceptor function and vision. Here we evaluate the role of syntaxin 3 (STX3), in trafficking of OS membrane proteins such as peripherin 2 (PRPH2) and rhodopsin. Photoreceptor-specific Stx3 knockouts [Stx3 f/f(iCre75) and Stx3 f/f(CRX-Cre) ] exhibited rapid, early-onset photoreceptor degeneration and functional decline characterized by structural defects in IS, OS, and synaptic terminals. Critically, in the absence of STX3, OS proteins such as PRPH2, the PRPH2 binding partner, rod outer segment membrane protein 1 (ROM1), and rhodopsin were mislocalized along the microtubules to the IS, cell body, and synaptic region. We find that the PRPH2 C-terminal domain interacts with STX3 as well as other photoreceptor SNAREs, and our findings indicate that STX3 is an essential part of the trafficking pathway for both disc (rhodopsin) and rim (PRPH2/ROM1) components of the OS.
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19
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Morrison E, Wegner T, Zucchetti AE, Álvaro-Benito M, Zheng A, Kliche S, Krause E, Brügger B, Hivroz C, Freund C. Dynamic palmitoylation events following T-cell receptor signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:368. [PMID: 32651440 PMCID: PMC7351954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is the reversible addition of palmitate to cysteine via a thioester linkage. The reversible nature of this modification makes it a prime candidate as a mechanism for regulating signal transduction in T-cell receptor signaling. Following stimulation of the T-cell receptor we find a number of proteins are newly palmitoylated, including those involved in vesicle-mediated transport and Ras signal transduction. Among these stimulation-dependent palmitoylation targets are the v-SNARE VAMP7, important for docking of vesicular LAT during TCR signaling, and the largely undescribed palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC18 that is expressed in two isoforms in T cells. Using our newly developed On-Plate Palmitoylation Assay (OPPA), we show DHHC18 is capable of palmitoylating VAMP7 at Cys183. Cellular imaging shows that the palmitoylation-deficient protein fails to be retained at the Golgi and to localize to the immune synapse upon T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Morrison
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wegner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley Zheng
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Mass Spectrometry Unit, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Freund
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Ahmadi M, Rezaie J. Tumor cells derived-exosomes as angiogenenic agents: possible therapeutic implications. J Transl Med 2020; 18:249. [PMID: 32571337 PMCID: PMC7310379 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multistep process and various molecules are involved in regulating it. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived particles, secreted from several types of cells and are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication. These vesicles contain different bio-molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which are transported between cells and regulate physiological and pathological conditions in the recipient cell. Exosomes, 30–150 nm extracellular vesicles, and their key roles in tumorigenesis via promoting angiogenesis are of great recent interest. In solid tumors, the suitable blood supply is the hallmark of their progression, growth, and metastasis, so it can be supported by angiogenesis. Tumor cells abundantly release exosomes containing different kinds of biomolecules such as angiogenic molecules that contribute to inducing angiogenesis. These exosomes can be trafficked between tumor cells or between tumor cells and endothelial cells. The protein and nucleic acid cargo of tumor derived-exosomes can deliver to endothelial cells mostly by endocytosis, and then induce angiogenesis. Tumor derived-exosomes can be used as biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Targeting exosome-induced angiogenesis may serve as a promising tool for cancer therapy. Taken together, tumor derived-exosomes are the major contributors in tumor angiogenesis and a supposed target for antiangiogenic therapies. However, further scrutiny is essential to investigate the function of exosomes in tumor angiogenesis and clinical relevance of targeting exosomes for suppressing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
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21
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Saveanu L, Zucchetti AE, Evnouchidou I, Ardouin L, Hivroz C. Is there a place and role for endocyticTCRsignaling? Immunol Rev 2019; 291:57-74. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Saveanu
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Andres E. Zucchetti
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- National French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1149 Center of Research on Inflammation Paris France
- National French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL8252 Paris France
- Laboratory of Inflamex Excellency Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat Site Paris France
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- Inovarion Paris France
| | - Laurence Ardouin
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie PSL Research UniversityINSERMU932 “Integrative analysis of T cell activation” team Paris France
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22
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Chitirala P, Ravichandran K, Galgano D, Sleiman M, Krause E, Bryceson YT, Rettig J. Cytotoxic Granule Exocytosis From Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Is Mediated by VAMP7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1855. [PMID: 31447853 PMCID: PMC6692471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill infected or malignant cells through the directed release of cytotoxic substances at the site of target cell contact, the immunological synapse. While genetic association studies of genes predisposing to early-onset life-threatening hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis has identified components of the plasma membrane fusion machinery, the identity of the vesicular components remain enigmatic. Here, we identify VAMP7 as an essential component of the vesicular fusion machinery of primary, human T cells. VAMP7 co-localizes with granule markers throughout all stages of T cell maturation and simultaneously fuses with granule markers at the IS. Knock-down of VAMP7 expression significantly decreased the killing efficiency of T cells, without diminishing early T cell receptor signaling. VAMP7 exerts its function in a SNARE complex with Syntaxin11 and SNAP-23 on the plasma membrane. The identification of the minimal fusion machinery in T cells provides a starting point for the development of potential drugs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Chitirala
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Donatella Galgano
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marwa Sleiman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yenan T. Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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23
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Deretic D, Lorentzen E, Fresquez T. The ins and outs of the Arf4-based ciliary membrane-targeting complex. Small GTPases 2019; 12:1-12. [PMID: 31068062 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1616355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Arf4-based ciliary membrane-targeting complex recognizes specific targeting signals within sensory receptors and regulates their directed movement to primary cilia. Activated Arf4 directly binds the VxPx ciliary-targeting signal (CTS) of the light-sensing receptor rhodopsin. Recent findings revealed that at the trans-Golgi, marked by the small GTPase Rab6, activated Arf4 forms a functional complex with rhodopsin and the Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GBF1, providing positive feedback that drives further Arf4 activation in ciliary trafficking. Arf4 function is conserved across diverse cell types; however, it appears that not all its aspects are conserved across species, as mouse Arf4 is a natural mutant in the conserved α3 helix, which is essential for its interaction with rhodopsin. Generally, activated Arf4 regulates the assembly of the targeting nexus containing the Arf GAP ASAP1 and the Rab11a-FIP3-Rabin8 dual effector complex, which controls the assembly of the highly conserved Rab11a-Rabin8-Rab8 ciliary-targeting module. It was recently found that this module interacts with the R-SNARE VAMP7, likely in its activated, c-Src-phosphorylated form. Rab11 and Rab8 bind VAMP7 regulatory longin domain (LD), whereas Rabin8 interacts with the SNARE domain, capturing VAMP7 for delivery to the ciliary base and subsequent pairing with the cognate SNAREs syntaxin 3 and SNAP-25. This review will focus on the implications of these novel findings that further illuminate the role of well-ordered Arf and Rab interaction networks in targeting of sensory receptors to primary cilia. Abbreviations: CTS: Ciliary-Targeting Signal; GAP: GTPase Activating Protein; GEF: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor; RTC(s), Rhodopsin Transport Carrier(s); SNARE: Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor; TGN: Trans-Golgi Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Deretic
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theresa Fresquez
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
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24
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Ibata K, Kono M, Narumi S, Motohashi J, Kakegawa W, Kohda K, Yuzaki M. Activity-Dependent Secretion of Synaptic Organizer Cbln1 from Lysosomes in Granule Cell Axons. Neuron 2019; 102:1184-1198.e10. [PMID: 31072786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synapse formation is achieved by various synaptic organizers. Although this process is highly regulated by neuronal activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we show that Cbln1, a synaptic organizer of the C1q family, is released from lysosomes in axons but not dendrites of cerebellar granule cells in an activity- and Ca2+-dependent manner. Exocytosed Cbln1 was retained on axonal surfaces by binding to its presynaptic receptor neurexin. Cbln1 further diffused laterally along the axonal surface and accumulated at boutons by binding postsynaptic δ2 glutamate receptors. Cbln1 exocytosis was insensitive to tetanus neurotoxin, accompanied by cathepsin B release, and decreased by disrupting lysosomes. Furthermore, overexpression of lysosomal sialidase Neu1 not only inhibited Cbln1 and cathepsin B exocytosis in vitro but also reduced axonal bouton formation in vivo. Our findings imply that co-release of Cbln1 and cathepsin B from lysosomes serves as a new mechanism of activity-dependent coordinated synapse modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Ibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Maya Kono
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sakae Narumi
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Junko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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25
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Lenoir S, Varangot A, Lebouvier L, Galli T, Hommet Y, Vivien D. Post-synaptic Release of the Neuronal Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (tPA). Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:164. [PMID: 31105531 PMCID: PMC6491899 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal serine protease tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is an important player of the neuronal survival and of the synaptic plasticity. Thus, a better understanding the mechanisms regulating the neuronal trafficking of tPA is required to further understand how tPA can influence brain functions. Using confocal imaging including living cells and high-resolution cell imaging combined with an innovating labeling of tPA, we demonstrate that the neuronal tPA is contained in endosomal vesicles positives for Rabs and in exosomal vesicles positives for synaptobrevin-2 (VAMP2) in dendrites and axons. tPA-containing vesicles differ in their dynamics with the dendritic tPA containing-vesicles less mobile than the axonal tPA-containing vesicles, these laters displaying mainly a retrograde trafficking. Interestingly spontaneous exocytosis of tPA containing-vesicles occurs largely in dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lenoir
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Varangot
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
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26
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de Paula RG, Antoniêto ACC, Nogueira KMV, Ribeiro LFC, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Almeida F, Silva RN. Extracellular vesicles carry cellulases in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:146. [PMID: 31223336 PMCID: PMC6570945 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma reesei is the most important industrial producer of lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in biomass degradation leading to novel applications of this fungus in the biotechnology industry, specifically biofuel production. The secretory pathway of fungi is responsible for transporting proteins addressed to different cellular locations involving some cellular endomembrane systems. Although protein secretion is an extremely efficient process in T. reesei, the mechanisms underlying protein secretion have remained largely uncharacterized in this organism. RESULTS Here, we report for the first time the isolation and characterization of T. reesei extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using proteomic analysis under cellulose culture condition, we have confidently identified 188 vesicular proteins belonging to different functional categories. Also, we characterized EVs production using transmission electron microscopy in combination with light scattering analysis. Biochemical assays revealed that T. reesei extracellular vesicles have an enrichment of filter paper (FPase) and β-glucosidase activities in purified vesicles from 24, 72 and 96, and 72 and 96 h, respectively. Furthermore, our results showed that there is a slight enrichment of small RNAs inside the vesicles after 96 h and 120 h, and presence of hsp proteins inside the vesicles purified from T. reesei grown in the presence of cellulose. CONCLUSIONS This work points to important insights into a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of cellulolytic enzyme secretion in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Campos Antoniêto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Liliane Fraga Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900 Brazil
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27
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Burgess JK, Heijink IH. Paving the Road for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Pulmonary Hypertension. STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR LUNG DISEASE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29403-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic neonatal lung disease characterized by inflammation and arrest of alveolarization. Its common sequela, pulmonary hypertension (PH), presents with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance associated with remodeling of the pulmonary arterioles. Despite notable advancements in neonatal medicine, there is a severe lack of curative treatments to help manage the progressive nature of these diseases. Numerous studies in preclinical models of BPD and PH have demonstrated that therapies based on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can resolve pulmonary inflammation and ameliorate the severity of disease. Recent evidence suggests that novel, cell-free approaches based on MSC-derived exosomes (MEx) might represent a compelling therapeutic alternative offering major advantages over treatments based on MSC transplantation. Here, we will discuss the development of MSC-based therapies, stressing the centrality of paracrine action as the actual vector of MSC therapeutic functionality, focusing on MEx. We will briefly present our current understanding of the biogenesis and secretion of MEx, and discuss potential mechanisms by which they afford such beneficial effects, including immunomodulation and restoration of homeostasis in diseased states. We will also review ongoing clinical trials using MSCs as treatment for BPD that pave the way for bringing cell-free, MEx-based therapeutics from the bench to the NICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K. Burgess
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Dingjan I, Linders PTA, Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Endosomal and Phagosomal SNAREs. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1465-1492. [PMID: 29790818 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein family is of vital importance for organelle communication. The complexing of cognate SNARE members present in both the donor and target organellar membranes drives the membrane fusion required for intracellular transport. In the endocytic route, SNARE proteins mediate trafficking between endosomes and phagosomes with other endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the SNAREs involved in endosomal and phagosomal trafficking. Of the 38 SNAREs present in humans, 30 have been identified at endosomes and/or phagosomes. Many of these SNAREs are targeted by viruses and intracellular pathogens, which thereby reroute intracellular transport for gaining access to nutrients, preventing their degradation, and avoiding their detection by the immune system. A fascinating picture is emerging of a complex transport network with multiple SNAREs being involved in consecutive trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter T A Linders
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Danielle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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29
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Kandachar V, Tam BM, Moritz OL, Deretic D. An interaction network between the SNARE VAMP7 and Rab GTPases within a ciliary membrane-targeting complex. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.222034. [PMID: 30404838 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arf4-rhodopsin complex (mediated by the VxPx motif in rhodopsin) initiates expansion of vertebrate rod photoreceptor cilia-derived light-sensing organelles through stepwise assembly of a conserved trafficking network. Here, we examine its role in the sorting of VAMP7 (also known as TI-VAMP) - an R-SNARE possessing a regulatory longin domain (LD) - into rhodopsin transport carriers (RTCs). During RTC formation and trafficking, VAMP7 colocalizes with the ciliary cargo rhodopsin and interacts with the Rab11-Rabin8-Rab8 trafficking module. Rab11 and Rab8 bind the VAMP7 LD, whereas Rabin8 (also known as RAB3IP) interacts with the SNARE domain. The Arf/Rab11 effector FIP3 (also known as RAB11FIP3) regulates VAMP7 access to Rab11. At the ciliary base, VAMP7 forms a complex with the cognate SNAREs syntaxin 3 and SNAP-25. When expressed in transgenic animals, a GFP-VAMP7ΔLD fusion protein and a Y45E phosphomimetic mutant colocalize with endogenous VAMP7. The GFP-VAMP7-R150E mutant displays considerable localization defects that imply an important role of the R-SNARE motif in intracellular trafficking, rather than cognate SNARE pairing. Our study defines the link between VAMP7 and the ciliary targeting nexus that is conserved across diverse cell types, and contributes to general understanding of how functional Arf and Rab networks assemble SNAREs in membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kandachar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Beatrice M Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Orson L Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Dusanka Deretic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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30
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Aoyagi K, Itakura M, Fukutomi T, Nishiwaki C, Nakamichi Y, Torii S, Makiyama T, Harada A, Ohara-Imaizumi M. VAMP7 Regulates Autophagosome Formation by Supporting Atg9a Functions in Pancreatic β-Cells From Male Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3674-3688. [PMID: 30215699 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria are observed in β-cells of diabetic patients, which are eventually removed by autophagy. Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)7, a vesicular SNARE protein, regulates autophagosome formation to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and control insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. However, its molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of VAMP7-dependent autophagosome formation using VAMP7-deficient β-cells and β-cell-derived Min6 cells. VAMP7 localized in autophagy-related (Atg)9a-resident vesicles of recycling endosomes (REs), which contributed to autophagosome formation, and it interacted with Hrb, Syntaxin16, and SNAP-47. Hrb recruited VAMP7 and Atg9a from the plasma membrane to REs. Syntaxin16 and SNAP-47 mediated autophagosome formation at a step later than the proper localization of VAMP7 to Atg9a-resident vesicles. Knockdown of Hrb, Syntaxin16, and SNAP-47 resulted in defective autophagosome formation, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Our data indicate that VAMP7 and Atg9a are initially recruited to REs to organize VAMP7 and Atg9a-resident vesicles in an Hrb-dependent manner. Additionally, VAMP7 forms a SNARE complex with Syntaxin16 and SNAP-47, which may cause fusions of Atg9a-resident vesicles during autophagosome formation. Thus, VAMP7 participates in autophagosome formation by supporting Atg9a functions that contribute to maintenance of mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Aoyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyono Nishiwaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakamichi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Torii
- Biosignal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Makiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Understanding extracellular vesicle diversity – current status. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:887-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1537788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
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32
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Verraes A, Cholley B, Galli T, Nola S. Comparative study of commercially available and homemade anti-VAMP7 antibodies using CRISPR/Cas9-depleted HeLa cells and VAMP7 knockout mice. F1000Res 2018; 7:1649. [PMID: 30815249 PMCID: PMC6376254 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15707.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
VAMP7 (vesicle-associated membrane protein) belongs to the intracellular membrane fusion SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) protein family. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to generate VAMP7 knockout (KO) human HeLa cells and mouse KO brain extracts in order to test the specificity and the background of a set of commercially available and homemade anti-VAMP7 antibodies. We propose a simple profiling method to analyze western blotting and immunocytochemistry staining profiles and determine the extent of the antibodies' specificity. Using this method, we were able to rank the performance of a set of available antibodies and further showed an optimized procedure for VAMP7 immunoprecipitation, which we validated using wild-type and KO mouse brain extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Verraes
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
| | - Beatrice Cholley
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
| | - Sebastien Nola
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
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33
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Verraes A, Cholley B, Galli T, Nola S. Comparative study of commercially available and homemade anti-VAMP7 antibodies using CRISPR/Cas9-depleted HeLa cells and VAMP7 knockout mice. F1000Res 2018; 7:1649. [PMID: 30815249 PMCID: PMC6376254 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15707.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
VAMP7 (vesicle-associated membrane protein) belongs to the intracellular membrane fusion SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) protein family. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to generate VAMP7 knockout (KO) human HeLa cells and mouse KO brain extracts in order to test the specificity and the background of a set of commercially available and homemade anti-VAMP7 antibodies. We propose a simple profiling method to analyze western blotting and use visual scoring for immunocytochemistry staining to determine the extent of the antibodies' specificity. Thus, we were able to rank the performance of a set of available antibodies and further showed an optimized procedure for VAMP7 immunoprecipitation, which we validated using wild-type and KO mouse brain extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Verraes
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
| | - Beatrice Cholley
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
| | - Sebastien Nola
- Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France, 75013, France
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75014, France
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Guo DZ, Xiao L, Liu YJ, Shen C, Lou HF, Lv Y, Pan SY. Cathepsin D deficiency delays central nervous system myelination by inhibiting proteolipid protein trafficking from late endosome/lysosome to plasma membrane. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e457. [PMID: 29546879 PMCID: PMC5898895 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of cathepsin D (CathD) in central nervous system (CNS) myelination and its possible mechanism. By using CathD knockout mice in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot assays, the myelination of the CNS and the development of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vivo and in vitro were observed. Endocytosis assays, real-time-lapse experiments and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy were used to demonstrate the location and movement of proteolipid protein in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. In addition, the relevant molecular mechanism was explored by immunoprecipitation. The increase in Fluoromyelin Green staining and proteolipid protein expression was not significant in the corpus callosum of CathD-/- mice at the age of P11, P14 and P24. Proteolipid protein expression was weak at each time point and was mostly accumulated around the nucleus. The number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (olig2+) and mature oligodendrocytes (CC1+) significantly decreased between P14 and P24. In the oligodendrocyte precursor cell culture of CathD-/- mice, the morphology of myelin basic protein-positive mature oligodendrocytes was simple while oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed delayed differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Moreover, more proteolipid protein gathered in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) and fewer reached the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy analysis showed that CathD, proteolipid protein and VAMP7 could bind with each other, whereas VAMP7 and proteolipid protein colocalized with CathD in late endosome/lysosome. The findings of this paper suggest that CathD may have an important role in the myelination of CNS, presumably by altering the trafficking of proteolipid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center of ChangHai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jun Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Company's Office of Service Center, China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Lou
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yi Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Carpier JM, Zucchetti AE, Bataille L, Dogniaux S, Shafaq-Zadah M, Bardin S, Lucchino M, Maurin M, Joannas LD, Magalhaes JG, Johannes L, Galli T, Goud B, Hivroz C. Rab6-dependent retrograde traffic of LAT controls immune synapse formation and T cell activation. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1245-1265. [PMID: 29440364 PMCID: PMC5881459 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) orchestrates the formation of signalosomes upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. LAT is present in different intracellular pools and is dynamically recruited to the immune synapse upon stimulation. However, the intracellular traffic of LAT and its function in T lymphocyte activation are ill defined. We show herein that LAT, once internalized, transits through the Golgi-trans-Golgi network (TGN), where it is repolarized to the immune synapse. This retrograde transport of LAT depends on the small GTPase Rab6 and the target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (t-SNARE) Syntaxin-16, two regulators of the endosome-to-Golgi/TGN retrograde transport. We also show in vitro in Syntaxin-16- or Rab6-silenced human cells and in vivo in CD4+ T lymphocytes of the Rab6 knockout mouse that this retrograde traffic controls TCR stimulation. These results establish that the retrograde traffic of LAT from the plasma membrane to the Golgi-TGN controls the polarized delivery of LAT at the immune synapse and T lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Carpier
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Andres E Zucchetti
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bataille
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dogniaux
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Cellular and Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Bardin
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Marco Lucchino
- Cellular and Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Leonel D Joannas
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Joao Gamelas Magalhaes
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology of Membranes and Therapeutic Delivery Unit, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Membrane Traffic in Health and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM ERL U950, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Crosstalk between T Cells and Dendritic Cells Group, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
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Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 895] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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Christiansen MK, Larsen SB, Nyegaard M, Neergaard-Petersen S, Ajjan R, Würtz M, Grove EL, Hvas AM, Jensen HK, Kristensen SD. Coronary artery disease-associated genetic variants and biomarkers of inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180365. [PMID: 28686695 PMCID: PMC5501546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic constitution and inflammation both contribute to development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Several CAD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been identified, but their functions are largely unknown. We investigated the associations between CAD-associated SNPs and five CAD-related inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS We genotyped 45 CAD-associated SNPs in 701 stable CAD patients in whom levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsRCP), interleukin-6, calprotectin, fibrinogen and complement component 3 levels had previously been measured. A genetic risk score was calculated to assess the combined risk associated with all the genetic variants. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess associations between the genetic risk score, single SNPs, and the five inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS The minor allele (G) (CAD risk allele) of rs2075650 (TOMM40/APOE) was associated with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (effect per risk allele: -0.37 mg/l [95%CI -0.56 to -0.18 mg/l]). The inflammatory markers tested showed no association with the remaining 44 SNPs or with the genetic risk score. CONCLUSIONS In stable CAD patients, the risk allele of a common CAD-associated marker at the TOMM40/APOE locus was associated with lower hsCRP levels. No other genetic variants or the combined effect of all variants were associated with the five inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Christiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne Bøjet Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Würtz
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Lerkevang Grove
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kjærulf Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Dalby Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rezaie J, Ajezi S, Avci ÇB, Karimipour M, Geranmayeh MH, Nourazarian A, Sokullu E, Rezabakhsh A, Rahbarghazi R. Exosomes and their Application in Biomedical Field: Difficulties and Advantages. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3372-3393. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Derkus B, Emregul KC, Emregul E. A new approach in stem cell research-Exosomes: Their mechanism of action via cellular pathways. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:466-475. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Derkus
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Kaan C. Emregul
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Emel Emregul
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
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41
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Jelonek K, Widlak P, Pietrowska M. The Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Exosome Composition, Secretion and Intercellular Communication. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 23:656-63. [PMID: 27117741 PMCID: PMC5029112 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666160427105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of vesicles is actively secreted into the extracellular space by most type of cells. The smallest nanoparticles (30-120 nm), called exosomes, are known to transport their cargo (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) between diverse locations in the body. Specific content of exosomes and their influence on recipient cells depends primarily on the type of the secretory (donor) cell, yet several studies highlight the importance of environmental stress on which the donor cells are exposed. Ionizing radiation, which induces damage to DNA and other structures of a target cell, is one of well-recognized stress conditions influencing behavior of affected cells. A few recent studies have evidenced radiation-induced changes in composition of exosomes released from irradiated cells and their involvement in radiation-related communication between cells. Inducible pathways of exosome secretion activated in irradiated cells are regulated by TSAP6 protein (the transmembrane protein tumor suppressor-activated pathway 6), which is transcriptionally regulated by p53, hence cellular status of this major DNA damage response factor affects composition and secretion rate of exosomes released from target cells. Moreover, exosomes released from irradiated cells have been shown to mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect. Understanding radiation-related mechanisms involved in exosome formation and “makeup” of their cargo would shed light on the role of exosomes in systemic response of cells, tissues and organisms to ionizing radiation which may open new perspectives in translational medicine and anticancer-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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42
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Selective molecular impairment of spontaneous neurotransmission modulates synaptic efficacy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14436. [PMID: 28186166 PMCID: PMC5311059 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that stimulus-evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release processes are mechanistically distinct. Here we targeted the non-canonical synaptic vesicle SNAREs Vps10p-tail-interactor-1a (vti1a) and vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) to specifically inhibit spontaneous release events and probe whether these events signal independently of evoked release to the postsynaptic neuron. We found that loss of vti1a and VAMP7 impairs spontaneous high-frequency glutamate release and augments unitary event amplitudes by reducing postsynaptic eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) activity subsequent to the reduction in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity. Presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, loss of vti1a and VAMP7 occludes NMDAR antagonist-induced synaptic potentiation in an intact circuit, confirming the role of these vesicular SNAREs in setting synaptic strength. Collectively, these results demonstrate that spontaneous neurotransmission signals independently of stimulus-evoked release and highlight its role as a key regulator of postsynaptic efficacy.
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43
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Obino D, Diaz J, Sáez JJ, Ibañez-Vega J, Sáez PJ, Alamo M, Lankar D, Yuseff MI. Vamp-7-dependent secretion at the immune synapse regulates antigen extraction and presentation in B-lymphocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:890-897. [PMID: 28179460 PMCID: PMC5385938 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of surface-tethered antigens (Ags) by B-cells leads to the formation of an immune synapse that promotes Ag uptake for presentation onto MHC-II molecules. Extraction of immobilized Ags at the immune synapse of B-cells relies on the local secretion of lysosomes, which are recruited to the Ag contact site by polarization of their microtubule network. Although conserved polarity proteins have been implicated in coordinating cytoskeleton remodeling with lysosome trafficking, the cellular machinery associated with lysosomal vesicles that regulates their docking and secretion at the synaptic interface has not been defined. Here we show that the v-SNARE protein Vamp-7 is associated with Lamp-1+ lysosomal vesicles, which are recruited and docked at the center of the immune synapse of B-cells. A decrease in Vamp-7 expression does not alter lysosome transport to the synaptic interface but impairs their local secretion, a defect that compromises the ability of B-cells to extract, process, and present immobilized Ag. Thus our results reveal that B-cells rely on the SNARE protein Vamp-7 to promote the local exocytosis of lysosomes at the immune synapse, which is required for efficient Ag extraction and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Obino
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan José Sáez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martina Alamo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
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The Journey of the Autophagosome through Mammalian Cell Organelles and Membranes. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:497-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Cueto JA, Vanrell MC, Salassa BN, Nola S, Galli T, Colombo MI, Romano PS. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors required during Trypanosoma cruzi parasitophorous vacuole development. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 27992096 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is an obligate intracellular parasite that exploits different host vesicular pathways to invade the target cells. Vesicular and target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are key proteins of the intracellular membrane fusion machinery. During the early times of T. cruzi infection, several vesicles are attracted to the parasite contact sites in the plasma membrane. Fusion of these vesicles promotes the formation of the parasitic vacuole and parasite entry. In this work, we study the requirement and the nature of SNAREs involved in the fusion events that take place during T. cruzi infection. Our results show that inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein, a protein required for SNARE complex disassembly, impairs T. cruzi infection. Both TI-VAMP/VAMP7 and cellubrevin/VAMP3, two v-SNAREs of the endocytic and exocytic pathways, are specifically recruited to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane in a synchronized manner but, although VAMP3 is acquired earlier than VAMP7, impairment of VAMP3 by tetanus neurotoxin fails to reduce T. cruzi infection. In contrast, reduction of VAMP7 activity by expression of VAMP7's longin domain, depletion by small interfering RNA or knockout, significantly decreases T. cruzi infection susceptibility as a result of a minor acquisition of lysosomal components to the parasitic vacuole. In addition, overexpression of the VAMP7 partner Vti1b increases the infection, whereas expression of a KIF5 kinesin mutant reduces VAMP7 recruitment to vacuole and, concomitantly, T. cruzi infection. Altogether, these data support a key role of TI-VAMP/VAMP7 in the fusion events that culminate in the T. cruzi parasitophorous vacuole development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Agustín Cueto
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" CCT CONICET Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Vanrell
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" CCT CONICET Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Betiana Nebaí Salassa
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" CCT CONICET Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sébastien Nola
- Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" CCT CONICET Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia Silvia Romano
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" CCT CONICET Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
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Silva JG, Martins NP, Henriques R, Soares H. HIV-1 Nef Impairs the Formation of Calcium Membrane Territories Controlling the Signaling Nanoarchitecture at the Immunological Synapse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4042-4052. [PMID: 27798165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of HIV-1 to replicate and to establish long-term reservoirs is strongly influenced by T cell activation. Through the use of membrane-tethered, genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicators, we were able to detect for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of Ca2+ territories and determine their role in coordinating the functional signaling nanostructure of the synaptic membrane. Consequently, we report a previously unknown immune subversion mechanism involving HIV-1 exploitation, through its Nef accessory protein, of the interconnectivity among three evolutionarily conserved cellular processes: vesicle traffic, signaling compartmentalization, and the second messenger Ca2+ We found that HIV-1 Nef specifically associates with the traffic regulators MAL and Rab11b compelling the vesicular accumulation of Lck. Through its association with MAL and Rab11b, Nef co-opts Lck switchlike function driving the formation Ca2+ membrane territories, which, in turn, control the fusion of LAT-transporting Rab27 and Rab37 vesicles and the formation of LAT nanoclusters at the immunological synapse. Consequently, HIV-1 Nef disengages TCR triggering from the generation of p-LAT and p-SLP nanoclusters driving TCR signal amplification and diversification. Altogether our results indicate that HIV-1 exploits the interconnectivity among vesicle traffic, Ca2+ membrane territories, and signaling nanoclusters to modulate T cell signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G Silva
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno P Martins
- Unit of Imaging and Cytometry, Gulbenkian Institute for Science, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Quantitative Imaging and Nanobiophysics Group, Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Soares
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
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VAMP2 is implicated in the secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells and can be replaced by other synaptobrevins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 15:353-366. [PMID: 27616736 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells (PCs) are two essential processes of humoral immunity. The secretion process relies on a group of proteins known as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), which are located in the plasma membrane (t-SNAREs) and in the antibody-carrying vesicle membrane (v-SNARE), and mediate the fusion of both membranes. We have previously shown that SNAP23 and STX4 are the t-SNAREs responsible for antibody secretion. Here, using human PCs and antibody-secreting cell lines, we studied and characterized the expression and subcellular distribution of vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) isoforms, demonstrating that all isoforms (with the exception of VAMP1) are expressed by the referenced cells. Furthermore, the functional role in antibody secretion of each expressed VAMP isoform was tested using siRNA. Our results show that VAMP2 may be the v-SNARE involved in vesicular antibody release. To further support this conclusion, we used tetanus toxin light chain to cleave VAMP2, conducted experiments to verify co-localization of VAMP2 in antibody-carrying vesicles, and demonstrated the coimmunoprecipitation of VAMP2 with STX4 and SNAP23 and the in situ interaction of VAMP2 with STX4. Taken together, these findings implicate VAMP2 as the main VAMP isoform functionally involved in antibody secretion.
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Aoyagi K, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Itakura M, Torii S, Akimoto Y, Nishiwaki C, Nakamichi Y, Kishimoto T, Kawakami H, Harada A, Takahashi M, Nagamatsu S. VAMP7 Regulates Autophagy to Maintain Mitochondrial Homeostasis and to Control Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2016; 65:1648-59. [PMID: 26953164 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
VAMP7 is a SNARE protein that mediates specific membrane fusions in intracellular trafficking and was recently reported to regulate autophagosome formation. However, its function in pancreatic β-cells is largely unknown. To elucidate the physiological role of VAMP7 in β-cells, we generated pancreatic β-cell-specific VAMP7 knockout (Vamp7(flox/Y);Cre) mice. VAMP7 deletion impaired glucose-stimulated ATP production and insulin secretion, though VAMP7 was not localized to insulin granules. VAMP7-deficient β-cells showed defective autophagosome formation and reduced mitochondrial function. p62/SQSTM1, a marker protein for defective autophagy, was selectively accumulated on mitochondria in VAMP7-deficient β-cells. These findings suggest that accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that are degraded by autophagy caused impairment of glucose-stimulated ATP production and insulin secretion in Vamp7(flox/Y);Cre β-cells. Feeding a high-fat diet to Vamp7(flox/Y);Cre mice exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, further decreased ATP production and insulin secretion, and consequently induced glucose intolerance. Moreover, we found upregulated VAMP7 expression in wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet and in db/db mice, a model for diabetes. Thus our data indicate that VAMP7 regulates autophagy to maintain mitochondrial quality and insulin secretion in response to pathological stress in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Aoyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Torii
- Biosignal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyono Nishiwaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakamichi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagamatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugano S, Hayashi N, Kawagoe Y, Mochizuki S, Inoue H, Mori M, Nishizawa Y, Jiang CJ, Matsui M, Takatsuji H. Rice OsVAMP714, a membrane-trafficking protein localized to the chloroplast and vacuolar membrane, is involved in resistance to rice blast disease. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:81-95. [PMID: 26879413 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking plays pivotal roles in many cellular processes including plant immunity. Here, we report the characterization of OsVAMP714, an intracellular SNARE protein, focusing on its role in resistance to rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Disease resistance tests using OsVAMP714 knockdown and overexpressing rice plants demonstrated the involvement of OsVAMP714 in blast resistance. The overexpression of OsVAMP7111, whose product is highly homologous to OsVAMP714, did not enhance blast resistance to rice, implying a potential specificity of OsVAMP714 to blast resistance. OsVAMP714 was localized to the chloroplast in mesophyll cells and to the cellular periphery in epidermal cells of transgenic rice plant leaves. We showed that chloroplast localization is critical for the normal OsVAMP714 functioning in blast resistance by analyzing the rice plants overexpressing OsVAMP714 mutants whose products did not localize in the chloroplast. We also found that OsVAMP714 was located in the vacuolar membrane surrounding the invasive hyphae of M. oryzae. Furthermore, we showed that OsVAMP714 overexpression promotes leaf sheath elongation and that the first 19 amino acids, which are highly conserved between animal and plant VAMP7 proteins, are crucial for normal rice plant growths. Our studies imply that the OsVAMP714-mediated trafficking pathway plays an important role in rice blast resistance as well as in the vegetative growth of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Sugano
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Nagao Hayashi
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawagoe
- Functional Plant Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Mochizuki
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Inoue
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Chang-Jie Jiang
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuji
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, GMO Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
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Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Regulation of Cancer Cell Behavior by the Small GTPase Rab13. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9929-37. [PMID: 27044746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.715193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Rab family of GTPases are master regulators of cellular membrane trafficking. With ∼70 members in humans, Rabs have been implicated in all steps of membrane trafficking ranging from vesicle formation and transport to vesicle docking/tethering and fusion. Vesicle trafficking controls the localization and levels of a myriad of proteins, thus regulating cellular functions including proliferation, metabolism, cell-cell adhesion, and cell migration. It is therefore not surprising that impairment of Rab pathways is associated with diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight evidence supporting the role of Rab13 as a potent driver of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Ioannou
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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