1
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Willis AR, Zhao W, Sukhdeo R, Burton NO, Reinke AW. Parental dietary vitamin B12 causes intergenerational growth acceleration and protects offspring from pathogenic microsporidia and bacteria. iScience 2024; 27:110206. [PMID: 38993662 PMCID: PMC11237918 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The parental environment of C. elegans can have lasting effects on progeny development and immunity. Vitamin B12 exposure in C. elegans has been shown to accelerate development and protect against pathogenic bacteria. Here, we show that parental exposure to dietary vitamin B12 or vitamin B12-producing bacteria results in offspring with accelerated growth that persists for a single generation. During infection with the microsporidian Nematocida parisii, the offspring of worms fed vitamin B12 diets have better reproductive fitness but similar infection levels, suggesting increased tolerance to microsporidian infection. Vitamin B12-induced intergenerational growth acceleration and N. parisii tolerance is dependent upon the methionine biosynthesis pathway. Offspring from vitamin B12-exposed parents are protected from pathogenic Pseudomonas vranovensis and this protection is mediated through methionine biosynthesis and propionyl-CoA breakdown pathways. Our results show how parental microbial diet impacts progeny development through the transfer of vitamin B12 which results in accelerated growth and pathogen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Willis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Winnie Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronesh Sukhdeo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aaron W. Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Singh A, Luallen RJ. Understanding the factors regulating host-microbiome interactions using Caenorhabditis elegans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230059. [PMID: 38497260 PMCID: PMC10945399 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project was a research programme that successfully identified associations between microbial species and healthy or diseased individuals. However, a major challenge identified was the absence of model systems for studying host-microbiome interactions, which would increase our capacity to uncover molecular interactions, understand organ-specificity and discover new microbiome-altering health interventions. Caenorhabditis elegans has been a pioneering model organism for over 70 years but was largely studied in the absence of a microbiome. Recently, ecological sampling of wild nematodes has uncovered a large amount of natural genetic diversity as well as a slew of associated microbiota. The field has now explored the interactions of C. elegans with its associated gut microbiome, a defined and non-random microbial community, highlighting its suitability for dissecting host-microbiome interactions. This core microbiome is being used to study the impact of host genetics, age and stressors on microbiome composition. Furthermore, single microbiome species are being used to dissect molecular interactions between microbes and the animal gut. Being amenable to health altering genetic and non-genetic interventions, C. elegans has emerged as a promising system to generate and test new hypotheses regarding host-microbiome interactions, with the potential to uncover novel paradigms relevant to other systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Robert J. Luallen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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3
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Pees B, Peters L, Treitz C, Hamerich IK, Kissoyan KAB, Tholey A, Dierking K. The Caenorhabditis elegans proteome response to two protective Pseudomonas symbionts. mBio 2024; 15:e0346323. [PMID: 38411078 PMCID: PMC11005407 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03463-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans natural microbiota isolates Pseudomonas lurida MYb11 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MYb115 protect the host against pathogens through distinct mechanisms. While P. lurida produces an antimicrobial compound and directly inhibits pathogen growth, P. fluorescens MYb115 protects the host without affecting pathogen growth. It is unknown how these two protective microbes affect host biological processes. We used a proteomics approach to elucidate the C. elegans response to MYb11 and MYb115. We found that both Pseudomonas isolates increase vitellogenin protein production in young adults, which confirms previous findings on the effect of microbiota on C. elegans reproductive timing. Moreover, the C. elegans responses to MYb11 and MYb115 exhibit common signatures with the response to other vitamin B12-producing bacteria, emphasizing the importance of vitamin B12 in C. elegans-microbe metabolic interactions. We further analyzed signatures in the C. elegans response specific to MYb11 or MYb115. We provide evidence for distinct modifications in lipid metabolism by both symbiotic microbes. We could identify the activation of host-pathogen defense responses as an MYb11-specific proteome signature and provide evidence that the intermediate filament protein IFB-2 is required for MYb115-mediated protection. These results indicate that MYb11 not only produces an antimicrobial compound but also activates host antimicrobial defenses, which together might increase resistance to infection. In contrast, MYb115 affects host processes such as lipid metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics, which might increase host tolerance to infection. Overall, this study pinpoints proteins of interest that form the basis for additional exploration into the mechanisms underlying C. elegans microbiota-mediated protection from pathogen infection and other microbiota-mediated traits.IMPORTANCESymbiotic bacteria can defend their host against pathogen infection. While some protective symbionts directly interact with pathogenic bacteria, other protective symbionts elicit a response in the host that improves its own pathogen defenses. To better understand how a host responds to protective symbionts, we examined which host proteins are affected by two protective Pseudomonas bacteria in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the C. elegans response to its protective symbionts is manifold, which was reflected in changes in proteins that are involved in metabolism, the immune system, and cell structure. This study provides a foundation for exploring the contribution of the host response to symbiont-mediated protection from pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pees
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Peters
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Treitz
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga K. Hamerich
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kohar A. B. Kissoyan
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Dierking
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Miller BC, Mathai M, Yadav H, Jain S. Geroprotective potential of microbiome modulators in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. GeroScience 2024; 46:129-151. [PMID: 37561384 PMCID: PMC10828408 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cellular and physiological changes, which significantly reduce the quality of life and increase the risk for disease. Geroprotectors improve lifespan and slow the progression of detrimental aging-related changes such as immune system senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated nutrient sensing and metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is a hallmark of aging-related diseases and microbiome modulators, such as probiotics (live bacteria) or postbiotics (non-viable bacteria/bacterial byproducts) may be promising geroprotectors. However, because they are strain-specific, the geroprotective effects of probiotics and postbiotics remain poorly understood and understudied. Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and rodents are well-validated preclinical models for studying lifespan and the role of probiotics and/or postbiotics, but each have their limitations, including cost and their translation to human aging biology. C. elegans is an excellent model for large-scale screening to determine the geroprotective potential of drugs or probiotics/postbiotics due to its short lifecycle, easy maintenance, low cost, and homology to humans. The purpose of this article is to review the geroprotective effects of microbiome modulators and their future scope, using C. elegans as a model. The proposed geroprotective mechanisms of these probiotics and postbiotics include delaying immune system senescence, preventing or reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulating food intake (dietary restriction) and metabolism. More studies are warranted to understand the geroprotective potential of probiotics and postbiotics, as well as other microbiome modulators, like prebiotics and fermented foods, and use them to develop effective therapeutics to extend lifespan and reduce the risk of debilitating aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi C Miller
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Megha Mathai
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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5
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Kang WK, Florman JT, Araya A, Fox BW, Thackeray A, Schroeder FC, Walhout AJM, Alkema MJ. Vitamin B 12 produced by gut bacteria modulates cholinergic signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:72-85. [PMID: 38168768 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota influence brain function and behaviour. However, the molecular basis of how gut bacteria modulate host nervous system function is largely unknown. Here we show that vitamin B12-producing bacteria that colonize the intestine can modulate excitatory cholinergic signalling and behaviour in the host Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we demonstrate that vitamin B12 reduces cholinergic signalling in the nervous system through rewiring of the methionine (Met)/S-adenosylmethionine cycle in the intestine. We identify a conserved metabolic crosstalk between the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle and the choline-oxidation pathway. In addition, we show that metabolic rewiring of these pathways by vitamin B12 reduces cholinergic signalling by limiting the availability of free choline required by neurons to synthesize acetylcholine. Our study reveals a gut-brain communication pathway by which enteric bacteria modulate host behaviour and may affect neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyu Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy T Florman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Antonia Araya
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bennett W Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Thackeray
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Alkema
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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6
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Apari P, Földvári G. Domestication and microbiome succession may drive pathogen spillover. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1102337. [PMID: 37007505 PMCID: PMC10065160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases have posed growing medical, social and economic threats to humanity. The biological background of pathogen spillover or host switch, however, still has to be clarified. Disease ecology finds pathogen spillovers frequently but struggles to explain at the molecular level. Contrarily, molecular biological traits of host-pathogen relationships with specific molecular binding mechanisms predict few spillovers. Here we aim to provide a synthetic explanation by arguing that domestication, horizontal gene transfer even between superkingdoms as well as gradual exchange of microbiome (microbiome succession) are essential in the whole scenario. We present a new perspective at the molecular level which can explain the observations of frequent pathogen spillover events at the ecological level. This proposed rationale is described in detail, along with supporting evidence from the peer-reviewed literature and suggestions for testing hypothesis validity. We also highlight the importance of systematic monitoring of virulence genes across taxonomical categories and in the whole biosphere as it helps prevent future epidemics and pandemics. We conclude that that the processes of domestication, horizontal gene transfer and microbial succession might be important mechanisms behind the many spillover events driven and accelerated by climate change, biodiversity loss and globalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Apari
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földvári
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Eco-Epidemiology, National Laboratory for Health Security, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Földvári,
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7
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Potential Anti-Alzheimer Properties of Mogrosides in Vitamin B12-Deficient Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041826. [PMID: 36838815 PMCID: PMC9961707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to oxidative stress, which is known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mogrosides are plant-derived triterpene glycosides that exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in animal cell lines and mouse models. Since amyloid-β toxicity is known to cause oxidative stress and damage to brain cells, we hypothesized that mogrosides may have a protective effect against AD. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-AD effect of mogrosides in vitamin B12-deficient wild-type N2 and in transgenic CL2355 Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-β peptide. Our data indicated that mogrosides have a beneficial effect on the lifespan and egg-laying rate of N2 and vitamin B12-deficient N2 worms. Additionally, the results revealed that mogrosides can effectively delay the paralysis of CL2355 worms as determined by serotonin sensitivity assay. Our analysis showed that mogrosides increase the expression of oxidative protective genes in N2 worms fed with vitamin B12-deficient OP50 bacterium. We conclude that mogrosides may exert preventative rather than curative effects that counteract the detrimental vitamin B12-deficient environment in N2 and CL2355 C. elegans by modulating oxidation-related gene expression.
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8
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Feng M, Gao B, Garcia LR, Sun Q. Microbiota-derived metabolites in regulating the development and physiology of Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1035582. [PMID: 36925470 PMCID: PMC10011103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1035582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota consist of microorganisms that provide essential health benefits and contribute to the animal's physiological homeostasis. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators in regulating host development, system homeostasis, and overall fitness. In this review, by focusing on the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans, we summarize key microbial metabolites and their molecular mechanisms that affect animal development. We also provide, from a bacterial perspective, an overview of host-microbiota interaction networks used for maintaining host physiological homeostasis. Moreover, we discuss applicable methodologies for profiling new bacterial metabolites that modulate host developmental signaling pathways. Microbiota-derived metabolites have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for diseases, as well as promising targets for engineering therapeutic interventions against animal developmental or health-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Baizhen Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - L Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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9
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Oliphant KD, Fettig RR, Snoozy J, Mendel RR, Warnhoff K. Obtaining the necessary molybdenum cofactor for sulfite oxidase activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans surprisingly involves a dietary source. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102736. [PMID: 36423681 PMCID: PMC9793310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a prosthetic group necessary for the activity of four unique enzymes, including the essential sulfite oxidase (SUOX-1). Moco is required for life; humans with inactivating mutations in the genes encoding Moco-biosynthetic enzymes display Moco deficiency, a rare and lethal inborn error of metabolism. Despite its importance to human health, little is known about how Moco moves among and between cells, tissues, and organisms. The prevailing view is that cells that require Moco must synthesize Moco de novo. Although, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans appears to be an exception to this rule and has emerged as a valuable system for understanding fundamental Moco biology. C. elegans has the seemingly unique capacity to both synthesize its own Moco as well as acquire Moco from its microbial diet. However, the relative contribution of Moco from the diet or endogenous synthesis has not been rigorously evaluated or quantified biochemically. We genetically removed dietary or endogenous Moco sources in C. elegans and biochemically determined their impact on animal Moco content and SUOX-1 activity. We demonstrate that dietary Moco deficiency dramatically reduces both animal Moco content and SUOX-1 activity. Furthermore, these biochemical deficiencies have physiological consequences; we show that dietary Moco deficiency alone causes sensitivity to sulfite, the toxic substrate of SUOX-1. Altogether, this work establishes the biochemical consequences of depleting dietary Moco or endogenous Moco synthesis in C. elegans and quantifies the surprising contribution of the diet to maintaining Moco homeostasis in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Oliphant
- Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robin R. Fettig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA,Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jennifer Snoozy
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ralf R. Mendel
- Department of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kurt Warnhoff
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA,For correspondence: Kurt Warnhoff
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10
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Yerevanian A, Murphy LM, Emans S, Zhou Y, Ahsan FM, Baker D, Li S, Adedoja A, Cedillo L, Stuhr NL, Gnanatheepam E, Dao K, Jain M, Curran SP, Georgakoudi I, Soukas AA. Riboflavin depletion promotes longevity and metabolic hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13718. [PMID: 36181246 PMCID: PMC9649603 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin is an essential cofactor in many enzymatic processes and in the production of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Here, we report that the partial depletion of riboflavin through knockdown of the C. elegans riboflavin transporter 1 (rft-1) promotes metabolic health by reducing intracellular flavin concentrations. Knockdown of rft-1 significantly increases lifespan in a manner dependent upon AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/aak-2, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and FOXO/daf-16. Riboflavin depletion promotes altered energetic and redox states and increases adiposity, independent of lifespan genetic dependencies. Riboflavin-depleted animals also exhibit the activation of caloric restriction reporters without any reduction in caloric intake. Our findings indicate that riboflavin depletion activates an integrated hormetic response that promotes lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Yerevanian
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Luke M. Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sinclair Emans
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fasih M. Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel Baker
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adebanjo Adedoja
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lucydalila Cedillo
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicole L. Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Einstein Gnanatheepam
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University School of EngineeringMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean P. Curran
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University School of EngineeringMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander A. Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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11
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Winter AD, Tjahjono E, Beltrán LJ, Johnstone IL, Bulleid NJ, Page AP. Dietary-derived vitamin B12 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from thiol-reducing agents. BMC Biol 2022; 20:228. [PMID: 36209095 PMCID: PMC9548181 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism, which includes the folate and methionine cycles, involves the transfer of methyl groups which are then utilised as a part of multiple physiological processes including redox defence. During the methionine cycle, the vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthetase converts homocysteine to methionine. The enzyme S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase then uses methionine in the production of the reactive methyl carrier SAM. SAM-binding methyltransferases then utilise SAM as a cofactor to methylate proteins, small molecules, lipids, and nucleic acids. RESULTS We describe a novel SAM methyltransferase, RIPS-1, which was the single gene identified from forward genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans looking for resistance to lethal concentrations of the thiol-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). As well as RIPS-1 mutation, we show that in wild-type worms, DTT toxicity can be overcome by modulating vitamin B12 levels, either by using growth media and/or bacterial food that provide higher levels of vitamin B12 or by vitamin B12 supplementation. We show that active methionine synthetase is required for vitamin B12-mediated DTT resistance in wild types but is not required for resistance resulting from RIPS-1 mutation and that susceptibility to DTT is partially suppressed by methionine supplementation. A targeted RNAi modifier screen identified the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase as a strong genetic enhancer of DTT resistance in a RIPS-1 mutant. We show that RIPS-1 is expressed in the intestinal and hypodermal tissues of the nematode and that treating with DTT, β-mercaptoethanol, or hydrogen sulfide induces RIPS-1 expression. We demonstrate that RIPS-1 expression is controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and that homologues of RIPS-1 are found in a small subset of eukaryotes and bacteria, many of which can adapt to fluctuations in environmental oxygen levels. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights the central importance of dietary vitamin B12 in normal metabolic processes in C. elegans, defines a new role for this vitamin in countering reductive stress, and identifies RIPS-1 as a novel methyltransferase in the methionine cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Winter
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Elissa Tjahjono
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Leonardo J Beltrán
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Iain L Johnstone
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antony P Page
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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12
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Qin S, Wang Y, Li L, Liu J, Xiao C, Duan D, Hao W, Qin C, Chen J, Yao L, Zhang R, You J, Zheng JS, Shen E, Wu L. Early-life vitamin B12 orchestrates lipid peroxidation to ensure reproductive success via SBP-1/SREBP1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111381. [PMID: 36130518 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency is a critical problem worldwide. Such deficiency in infants has long been known to increase the propensity to develop obesity and diabetes later in life through unclear mechanisms. Here, we establish a Caenorhabditis elegans model to study how early-life B12 impacts adult health. We find that early-life B12 deficiency causes increased lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in adult worms, which in turn induces germline defects through ferroptosis. Mechanistically, we show the central role of the methionine cycle-SBP-1/SREBP1-lipogenesis axis in programming adult traits by early-life B12. Moreover, SBP-1/SREBP1 participates in a crucial feedback loop with NHR-114/HNF4 to maintain cellular B12 homeostasis. Inhibition of SBP-1/SREBP1-lipogenesis signaling and ferroptosis later in life can reverse disorders in adulthood when B12 cannot. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insights into the life-course effects of early-life B12 on the programming of adult health and identifies potential targets for future interventions for adiposity and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlu Qin
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congmei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luxia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia You
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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McDonagh A, Crew J, van der Linden AM. Dietary vitamin B12 regulates chemosensory receptor gene expression via the MEF2 transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac107. [PMID: 35512190 PMCID: PMC9157118 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in chemoreceptor gene expression levels in sensory neurons are one strategy that an animal can use to modify their responses to dietary changes. However, the mechanisms underlying diet-dependent modulation of chemosensory gene expression are unclear. Here, we show that the expression of the srh-234 chemoreceptor gene localized in a single ADL sensory neuron type of Caenorhabditis elegans is downregulated when animals are fed a Comamonas aquatica bacterial diet, but not on an Escherichia coli diet. Remarkably, this diet-modulated effect on srh-234 expression is dependent on the micronutrient vitamin B12 endogenously produced by Comamonas aq. bacteria. Excess propionate and genetic perturbations in the canonical and shunt propionate breakdown pathways are able to override the repressive effects of vitamin B12 on srh-234 expression. The vitamin B12-mediated regulation of srh-234 expression levels in ADL requires the MEF-2 MADS domain transcription factor, providing a potential mechanism by which dietary vitamin B12 may transcriptionally tune individual chemoreceptor genes in a single sensory neuron type, which in turn may change animal responses to biologically relevant chemicals in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja McDonagh
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeannette Crew
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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14
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The evolving role of the Caenorhabditis elegans model as a tool to advance studies in nutrition and health. Nutr Res 2022; 106:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Barathikannan K, Chelliah R, Elahi F, Tyagi A, Selvakumar V, Agastian P, Valan Arasu M, Oh DH. Anti-Obesity Efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 in Canorhabditis elegans Gut Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1276. [PMID: 35163199 PMCID: PMC8835910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and cholesterol-lowering properties. Furthermore, it can withstand the extreme conditions found in the GI tract, due to, e.g., pepsin, bile salts, pancreatin, and acids. Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 was identified as a probiotic candidate after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The antibacterial activity of P. acidilactici MNL5 cell-free supernatants (CFS) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans was moderate. A Caenorhabditis elegans experiment was also performed to assess the effectiveness of P. acidilactici MNL5 supplementation to increase life span compared to E. coli supplementation (DAF-2 and LIU1 models) (p < 0.05). An immense reduction of the lipid droplets of C. elegans was identified through a fluorescent microscope. The drastic alteration of the expression of fat genes is related to obesity phenotypes. Hence, several paths are evolutionary for C. elegans; the results of our work highlight the nematode as an important model for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
- Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Akanksha Tyagi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Selvakumar
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India;
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Deog-Hawn Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.B.); (R.C.); (F.E.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
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16
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Nair T, Chakraborty R, Singh P, Rahman SS, Bhaskar AK, Sengupta S, Mukhopadhyay A. Adaptive capacity to dietary Vitamin B12 levels is maintained by a gene-diet interaction that ensures optimal life span. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13518. [PMID: 35032420 PMCID: PMC8761004 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet regulates complex life-history traits such as longevity. For optimal lifespan, organisms employ intricate adaptive mechanisms whose molecular underpinnings are less known. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans FLR-4 kinase prevents lifespan differentials on the bacterial diet having higher Vitamin B12 levels. The flr-4 mutants are more responsive to the higher B12 levels of Escherichia coli HT115 diet, and consequently, have enhanced flux through the one-carbon cycle. Mechanistically, a higher level of B12 transcriptionally downregulates the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase pmt-2 gene, which modulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels. Pmt-2 downregulation activates cytoprotective gene expression through the p38-MAPK pathway, leading to increased lifespan only in the mutant. Evidently, preventing bacterial B12 uptake or inhibiting one-carbon metabolism reverses all the above phenotypes. Conversely, supplementation of B12 to E. coli OP50 or genetically reducing PC levels in the OP50-fed mutant extends lifespan. Together, we reveal how worms maintain adaptive capacity to diets having varying micronutrient content to ensure a normal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rahul Chakraborty
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Akash Kumar Bhaskar
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
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17
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Koseki K, Yamamoto A, Tanimoto K, Okamoto N, Teng F, Bito T, Yabuta Y, Kawano T, Watanabe F. Dityrosine Crosslinking of Collagen and Amyloid-β Peptides Is Formed by Vitamin B 12 Deficiency-Generated Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12959. [PMID: 34884761 PMCID: PMC8657800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans results in severe oxidative stress and induces morphological abnormality in mutants due to disordered cuticle collagen biosynthesis. We clarified the underlying mechanism leading to such mutant worms due to vitamin B12 deficiency. (2) Results: The deficient worms exhibited decreased collagen levels of up to approximately 59% compared with the control. Although vitamin B12 deficiency did not affect the mRNA expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline involved in intercellular collagen biosynthesis, the level of ascorbic acid, a prolyl 4-hydroxylase coenzyme, was markedly decreased. Dityrosine crosslinking is involved in the extracellular maturation of worm collagen. The dityrosine level of collagen significantly increased in the deficient worms compared with the control. However, vitamin B12 deficiency hardly affected the mRNA expression levels of bli-3 and mlt-7, which are encoding crosslinking-related enzymes, suggesting that deficiency-induced oxidative stress leads to dityrosine crosslinking. Moreover, using GMC101 mutant worms that express the full-length human amyloid β, we found that vitamin B12 deficiency did not affect the gene and protein expressions of amyloid β but increased the formation of dityrosine crosslinking in the amyloid β protein. (3) Conclusions: Vitamin B12-deficient wild-type worms showed motility dysfunction due to decreased collagen levels and the formation of highly tyrosine-crosslinked collagen, potentially reducing their flexibility. In GMC101 mutant worms, vitamin B12 deficiency-induced oxidative stress triggers dityrosine-crosslinked amyloid β formation, which might promote its stabilization and toxic oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Koseki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Aoi Yamamoto
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Tanimoto
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.O.); (Y.Y.); (T.K.); (F.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
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18
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Benoit CR, Walsh DJ, Mekerishvili L, Houerbi N, Stanton AE, McGaughey DM, Brody LC. Loss of the Vitamin B-12 Transport Protein Tcn2 Results in Maternally Inherited Growth and Developmental Defects in Zebrafish. J Nutr 2021; 151:2522-2532. [PMID: 34132337 PMCID: PMC8417929 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) transport involves 3 paralogous proteins: transcobalamin, haptocorrin, and intrinsic factor. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) express 3 genes that encode proteins homologous to known B-12 carrier proteins: tcn2 (a transcobalamin ortholog) and 2 atypical β-domain-only homologs, tcnba and tcnbb. OBJECTIVES Given the orthologous relation between zebrafish Tcn2 and human transcobalamin, we hypothesized that zebrafish carrying null mutations of tcn2 would exhibit phenotypes consistent with vitamin B-12 deficiency. METHODS First-generation and second-generation tcn2-/- zebrafish were characterized using phenotypic assessments, metabolic analyses, viability studies, and transcriptomics. RESULTS Homozygous tcn2-/- fish produced from a heterozygous cross are viable and fertile but exhibit reduced growth, which persists into adulthood. When first-generation female tcn2-/- fish are bred, their offspring exhibit gross developmental and metabolic defects. These phenotypes are observed in all offspring from a tcn2-/- female regardless of the genotype of the male mating partner, suggesting a maternal effect, and can be rescued with vitamin B-12 supplementation. Transcriptome analyses indicate that offspring from a tcn2-/- female exhibit expression profiles distinct from those of offspring from a tcn2+/+ female, which demonstrate dysregulation of visual perception, fatty acid metabolism, and neurotransmitter signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the deposition of vitamin B-12 in the yolk by tcn2-/- females may be insufficient to support the early development of their offspring. These data present a compelling model to study the effects of vitamin B-12 deficiency on early development, with a particular emphasis on transgenerational effects and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Benoit
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darren J Walsh
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Levan Mekerishvili
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Houerbi
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail E Stanton
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M McGaughey
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Andra A, Tanigawa S, Bito T, Ishihara A, Watanabe F, Yabuta Y. Effects of Vitamin B 12 Deficiency on Amyloid-β Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060962. [PMID: 34203911 PMCID: PMC8232795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High homocysteine (Hcy) levels, mainly caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, have been reported to induce amyloid-β (Aβ) formation and tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationship between B12 deficiency and Aβ aggregation is poorly understood, as is the associated mechanism. In the current study, we used the transgenic C. elegans strain GMC101, which expresses human Aβ1-42 peptides in muscle cells, to investigate the effects of B12 deficiency on Aβ aggregation-associated paralysis. C. elegans GMC101 was grown on nematode growth medium with or without B12 supplementation or with 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AsA-2G) supplementation. The worms were age-synchronized by hypochlorite bleaching and incubated at 20 °C. After the worms reached the young adult stage, the temperature was increased to 25 °C to induce Aβ production. Worms lacking B12 supplementation exhibited paralysis faster and more severely than those that received it. Furthermore, supplementing B12-deficient growth medium with AsA-2G rescued the paralysis phenotype. However, AsA-2G had no effect on the aggregation of Aβ peptides. Our results indicated that B12 supplementation lowered Hcy levels and alleviated Aβ toxicity, suggesting that oxidative stress caused by elevated Hcy levels is an important factor in Aβ toxicity.
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20
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Radeke LJ, Herman MA. Take a Walk to the Wild Side of Caenorhabditis elegans-Pathogen Interactions. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00146-20. [PMID: 33731489 PMCID: PMC8139523 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00146-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes form intimate functional associations with their hosts. Much has been learned from correlating changes in microbiome composition to host organismal functions. However, in-depth functional studies require the manipulation of microbiome composition coupled with the precise interrogation of organismal physiology-features available in few host study systems. Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be an excellent genetic model organism to study innate immunity and, more recently, microbiome interactions. The study of C. elegans-pathogen interactions has provided in depth understanding of innate immune pathways, many of which are conserved in other animals. However, many bacteria were chosen for these studies because of their convenience in the lab setting or their implication in human health rather than their native interactions with C. elegans In their natural environment, C. elegans feed on a variety of bacteria found in rotting organic matter, such as rotting fruits, flowers, and stems. Recent work has begun to characterize the native microbiome and has identified a common set of bacteria found in the microbiome of C. elegans While some of these bacteria are beneficial to C. elegans health, others are detrimental, leading to a complex, multifaceted understanding of bacterium-nematode interactions. Current research on nematode-bacterium interactions is focused on these native microbiome components, both their interactions with each other and with C. elegans We will summarize our knowledge of bacterial pathogen-host interactions in C. elegans, as well as recent work on the native microbiome, and explore the incorporation of these bacterium-nematode interactions into studies of innate immunity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Radeke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael A Herman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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21
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Zhang A, Ackley BD, Yan D. Vitamin B12 Regulates Glial Migration and Synapse Formation through Isoform-Specific Control of PTP-3/LAR PRTP Expression. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3981-3988.e3. [PMID: 32209461 PMCID: PMC7281833 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is known to play critical roles during the development and aging of the brain, and vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how vitamin B12 affects the development and maintenance of the nervous system are still unclear. Here, we report that vitamin B12 can regulate glial migration and synapse formation through control of isoform-specific expression of PTP-3/LAR PRTP (leukocyte-common antigen-related receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase). We found the uptake of diet-supplied vitamin B12 in the intestine to be critical for the expression of a long isoform of PTP-3 (PTP-3A) in neuronal and glial cells. The expression of PTP-3A cell autonomously regulates glial migration and synapse formation through interaction with an extracellular matrix protein NID-1/nidogen 1. Together, our findings demonstrate that isoform-specific regulation of PTP-3/ LAR PRTP expression is a key molecular mechanism that mediates vitamin-B12-dependent neuronal and glial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian D Ackley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration Next Initiative, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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22
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Developmental plasticity and the response to nutrient stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 2021; 475:265-276. [PMID: 33549550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental plasticity refers the ability of an organism to adapt to various environmental stressors, one of which is nutritional stress. Caenorhabditis elegans require various nutrients to successfully progress through all the larval stages to become a reproductive adult. If nutritional criteria are not satisfied, development can slow or completely arrest. In poor growth conditions, the animal can enter various diapause stages, depending on its developmental progress. In C. elegans, there are three well-characterized diapauses: the L1 arrest, the dauer diapause, and adult reproductive diapause, each associated with drastic changes in metabolism and germline development. At the centre of these changes is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a metabolic regulator that maintains energy homeostasis, particularly during times of nutrient stress. Without AMPK, metabolism is disrupted during dauer, leading to the rapid consumption of lipid stores as well as misregulation of metabolic enzymes, leading to reduced survival. During the L1 arrest and dauer diapause, AMPK is responsible for ensuring germline quiescence by modifying the germline chromatin landscape to maintain germ cell integrity until conditions improve. Similar to classic hormonal signalling, small RNAs also play a critical role in regulating development and behaviour in a cell non-autonomous fashion. Thus, during the challenges associated with developmental plasticity, AMPK summons an army of signalling pathways to work collectively to preserve reproductive fitness during these periods of unprecedented uncertainty.
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Amin MR, Mahmud SA, Dowgielewicz JL, Sapkota M, Pellegrino MW. A novel gene-diet interaction promotes organismal lifespan and host protection during infection via the mitochondrial UPR. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009234. [PMID: 33338044 PMCID: PMC7781476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells use a variety of mechanisms to maintain optimal mitochondrial function including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction by differentially regulating mitoprotective gene expression through the transcription factor ATFS-1. Since UPRmt activation is commensurate with organismal benefits such as extended lifespan and host protection during infection, we sought to identify pathways that promote its stimulation. Using unbiased forward genetics screening, we isolated novel mutant alleles that could activate the UPRmt. Interestingly, we identified one reduction of function mutant allele (osa3) in the mitochondrial ribosomal gene mrpl-2 that activated the UPRmt in a diet-dependent manner. We find that mrpl-2(osa3) mutants lived longer and survived better during pathogen infection depending on the diet they were fed. A diet containing low levels of vitamin B12 could activate the UPRmt in mrpl-2(osa3) animals. Also, we find that the vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase intersects with mrpl-2(osa3) to activate the UPRmt and confer animal lifespan extension at the level of ATFS-1. Thus, we present a novel gene-diet pairing that promotes animal longevity that is mediated by the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafi Raisa Amin
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Siraje Arif Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Dowgielewicz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Madhab Sapkota
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
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Koseki K, Maekawa Y, Bito T, Yabuta Y, Watanabe F. High-dose folic acid supplementation results in significant accumulation of unmetabolized homocysteine, leading to severe oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101724. [PMID: 32961438 PMCID: PMC7509461 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal, we evaluated the effects of chronical supplementation with high-dose folic acid on physiological events such as life cycle and egg-laying capacity and folate metabolism. Supplementation of high-dose folic acid significantly reduced egg-laying capacity. The treated worms contained a substantial amount of unmetabolized folic acid and exhibited a significant downregulation of the mRNAs of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase reductase and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. In vitro experiments showed that folic acid significantly inhibited the activity of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase involved in the metabolism of both folate and methionine. In turn, these metabolic disorders induced the accumulation of unmetabolized homocysteine, leading to severe oxidative stress in worms. These results were similar to the phenomena observed in mammals during folate deficiency. High-dose folic acid supplementation reduced egg-laying ability in worms. Substantial amounts of folic acid and homocysteine were accumulated in the worms. The mRNA expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase was reduced in the treated worms. Folic acid was a potent inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase in in vitro tests. High-dose folic acid supplementation in worms resulted in severe oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Koseki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yukina Maekawa
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori City, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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25
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S. R, M. SA, D. M, C. R, N. SK, S. H. Toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles synthesized using endophytic fungi against nosacomial infection. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1814332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shariq Ahmed M.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MubarakAli D.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran C.
- Food Microbiology laboratory, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthil Kumar N.
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Hemalatha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lysosomal activity regulates Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondrial dynamics through vitamin B12 metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19970-19981. [PMID: 32737159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are highly regulated by energy demand and physiological conditions to control the production, activity, and movement of these organelles. Mitochondria are arrayed in a periodic pattern in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle, but this pattern is disrupted by mutations in the mitochondrial fission component dynamin DRP-1. Here we show that the dramatically disorganized mitochondria caused by a mitochondrial fission-defective dynamin mutation is strongly suppressed to a more periodic pattern by a second mutation in lysosomal biogenesis or acidification. Vitamin B12 is normally imported from the bacterial diet via lysosomal degradation of B12-binding proteins and transport of vitamin B12 to the mitochondrion and cytoplasm. We show that the lysosomal dysfunction induced by gene inactivations of lysosomal biogenesis or acidification factors causes vitamin B12 deficiency. Growth of the C. elegans dynamin mutant on an Escherichia coli strain with low vitamin B12 also strongly suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect. Of the two C. elegans enzymes that require B12, gene inactivation of methionine synthase suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect of a dynamin mutation. We show that lysosomal dysfunction induced mitochondrial biogenesis, which is mediated by vitamin B12 deficiency and methionine restriction. S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor of many methylation reactions, including histones, is synthesized from methionine by S-adenosylmethionine synthase; inactivation of the sams-1 S-adenosylmethionine synthase also suppresses the drp-1 fission defect, suggesting that vitamin B12 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and then affects mitochondrial fission via chromatin pathways.
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Mesbahi H, Pho KB, Tench AJ, Leon Guerrero VL, MacNeil LT. Cuticle Collagen Expression Is Regulated in Response to Environmental Stimuli by the GATA Transcription Factor ELT-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2020; 215:483-495. [PMID: 32229533 PMCID: PMC7268988 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is protected from the environment by the cuticle, an extracellular collagen-based matrix that encloses the animal. Over 170 cuticular collagens are predicted in the C. elegans genome, but the role of each individual collagen is unclear. Stage-specific specialization of the cuticle explains the need for some collagens; however, the large number of collagens suggests that specialization of the cuticle may also occur in response to other environmental triggers. Missense mutations in many collagen genes can disrupt cuticle morphology, producing a helically twisted body causing the animal to move in a stereotypical pattern described as rolling. We find that environmental factors, including diet, early developmental arrest, and population density can differentially influence the penetrance of rolling in these mutants. These effects are in part due to changes in collagen gene expression that are mediated by the GATA family transcription factor ELT-3 We propose a model by which ELT-3 regulates collagen gene expression in response to environmental stimuli to promote the assembly of a cuticle specialized to a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Mesbahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Kim B Pho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Andrea J Tench
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Victoria L Leon Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Akduman N, Lightfoot JW, Röseler W, Witte H, Lo WS, Rödelsperger C, Sommer RJ. Bacterial vitamin B 12 production enhances nematode predatory behavior. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1494-1507. [PMID: 32152389 PMCID: PMC7242318 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the microbiota is known to affect host development, metabolism, and immunity, its impact on host behavior is only beginning to be understood. In order to better characterize behavior modulation by host-associated microorganisms, we investigated how bacteria modulate complex behaviors in the nematode model organism Pristionchus pacificus. This nematode is a predator that feeds on the larvae of other nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans. By growing P. pacificus on different bacteria and testing their ability to kill C. elegans, we reveal large differences in killing efficiencies, with a Novosphingobium species showing the strongest enhancement. This enhanced killing was not accompanied by an increase in feeding, which is a phenomenon known as surplus killing, whereby predators kill more prey than necessary for sustenance. Our RNA-seq data demonstrate widespread metabolic rewiring upon exposure to Novosphingobium, which facilitated screening of bacterial mutants with altered transcriptional responses. We identified bacterial production of vitamin B12 as an important cause of such enhanced predatory behavior. Although vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor for detoxification and metabolite biosynthesis, shown previously to accelerate development in C. elegans, supplementation with this enzyme cofactor amplified surplus killing in P. pacificus, whereas mutants in vitamin B12-dependent pathways reduced surplus killing. By demonstrating that production of vitamin B12 by host-associated microbiota can affect complex host behaviors, we reveal new connections between animal diet, microbiota, and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Akduman
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James W Lightfoot
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Waltraud Röseler
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanh Witte
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wen-Sui Lo
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Rödelsperger
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Sommer
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Ring 9, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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29
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Maynard C, Weinkove D. Bacteria increase host micronutrient availability: mechanisms revealed by studies in C. elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:4. [PMID: 32138646 PMCID: PMC7057599 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients cannot be synthesized by humans and are obtained from three different sources: diet, gut microbiota, and oral supplements. The microbiota generates significant quantities of micronutrients, but the contribution of these compounds to total uptake is unclear. The role of bacteria in the synthesis and uptake of micronutrients and supplements is widely unexplored and may have important implications for human health. The efficacy and safety of several micronutrient supplements, including folic acid, have been questioned due to some evidence of adverse effects on health. The use of the simplified animal-microbe model, Caenorhabditis elegans, and its bacterial food source, Escherichia coli, provides a controllable system to explore the underlying mechanisms by which bacterial metabolism impacts host micronutrient status. These studies have revealed mechanisms by which bacteria may increase the bioavailability of folic acid, B12, and iron. These routes of uptake interact with bacterial metabolism, with the potential to increase bacterial pathogenesis, and thus may be both beneficial and detrimental to host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maynard
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - David Weinkove
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
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30
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Rashid S, Pho KB, Mesbahi H, MacNeil LT. Nutrient Sensing and Response Drive Developmental Progression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900194. [PMID: 32003906 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to nutrient limitation, many animals, including Caenorhabditis elegans, slow or arrest their development. This process requires mechanisms that sense essential nutrients and induce appropriate responses. When faced with nutrient limitation, C. elegans can induce both short and long-term survival strategies, including larval arrest, decreased developmental rate, and dauer formation. To select the most advantageous strategy, information from many different sensors must be integrated into signaling pathways, including target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin, that regulate developmental progression. Here, how nutrient information is sensed and integrated into developmental decisions that determine developmental rate and progression in C. elegans is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabih Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim B Pho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiva Mesbahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Zimmermann J, Obeng N, Yang W, Pees B, Petersen C, Waschina S, Kissoyan KA, Aidley J, Hoeppner MP, Bunk B, Spröer C, Leippe M, Dierking K, Kaleta C, Schulenburg H. The functional repertoire contained within the native microbiota of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:26-38. [PMID: 31484996 PMCID: PMC6908608 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota is generally assumed to have a substantial influence on the biology of multicellular organisms. The exact functional contributions of the microbes are often unclear and cannot be inferred easily from 16S rRNA genotyping, which is commonly used for taxonomic characterization of bacterial associates. In order to bridge this knowledge gap, we here analyzed the metabolic competences of the native microbiota of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We integrated whole-genome sequences of 77 bacterial microbiota members with metabolic modeling and experimental characterization of bacterial physiology. We found that, as a community, the microbiota can synthesize all essential nutrients for C. elegans. Both metabolic models and experimental analyses revealed that nutrient context can influence how bacteria interact within the microbiota. We identified key bacterial traits that are likely to influence the microbe's ability to colonize C. elegans (i.e., the ability of bacteria for pyruvate fermentation to acetoin) and affect nematode fitness (i.e., bacterial competence for hydroxyproline degradation). Considering that the microbiota is usually neglected in C. elegans research, the resource presented here will help our understanding of this nematode's biology in a more natural context. Our integrative approach moreover provides a novel, general framework to characterize microbiota-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zimmermann
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy Obeng
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wentao Yang
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Barbara Pees
- Research Group of Comparative Immunobiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carola Petersen
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Research Group of Comparative Immunobiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Silvio Waschina
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kohar A Kissoyan
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jack Aidley
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc P Hoeppner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Leippe
- Research Group of Comparative Immunobiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Dierking
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hinrich Schulenburg
- Research Group of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany.
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32
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Ma AT, Tyrell B, Beld J. Specificity of cobamide remodeling, uptake and utilization in Vibrio cholerae. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:89-102. [PMID: 31609521 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cobamides are a group of compounds including vitamin B12 that can vary at the lower base position of the nucleotide loop. They are synthesized de novo by only a subset of prokaryotes, but some organisms encode partial biosynthesis pathways for converting one variant to another (remodeling) or completing biosynthesis from an intermediate (corrinoid salvaging). Here, we explore the cobamide specificity in Vibrio cholerae through examination of three natural variants representing major cobamide groups: commercially available cobalamin, and isolated pseudocobalamin and p-cresolylcobamide. We show that BtuB, the outer membrane corrinoid transporter, mediates the uptake of all three variants and the intermediate cobinamide. Our previous work suggested that V. cholerae could convert pseudocobalamin produced by cyanobacteria into cobalamin. In this work, cobamide specificity in V. cholerae is demonstrated by remodeling of pseudocobalamin and salvaging of cobinamide to produce cobalamin. Cobamide remodeling in V. cholerae is distinct from the canonical pathway requiring amidohydrolase CbiZ, and heterologous expression of V. cholerae CobS was sufficient for remodeling. Furthermore, function of V. cholerae cobamide-dependent methionine synthase MetH was robustly supported by cobalamin and p-cresolylcobamide, but not pseudocobalamin. Notably, the inability of V. cholerae to produce and utilize pseudocobalamin contrasts with enteric bacteria like Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Breanna Tyrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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Bito T, Okamoto N, Otsuka K, Yabuta Y, Arima J, Kawano T, Watanabe F. Involvement of Spermidine in the Reduced Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans During Vitamin B 12 Deficiency. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090192. [PMID: 31546940 PMCID: PMC6780408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to various symptoms such as neuropathy, growth retardation, and infertility. Vitamin B12 functions as a coenzyme for two enzymes involved in amino acid metabolisms. However, there is limited information available on whether amino acid disorders caused by vitamin B12 deficiency induce such symptoms. First, free amino acid levels were determined in vitamin B12-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans to clarify the mechanisms underlying the symptoms caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Various amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and cystathionine, among others) metabolized by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes were found to be significantly changed during conditions of B12 deficiency, which indirectly affected certain amino acids metabolized by vitamin B12-independent enzymes. For example, ornithine was significantly increased during vitamin B12 deficiency, which also significantly increased arginase activity. The accumulation of ornithine during vitamin B12 deficiency constitutes the first report. In addition, the biosynthesis of spermidine from ornithine was significantly decreased during vitamin B12 deficiency, likely due to the reduction of S-adenosylmethionine as a substrate for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, which catalyzes the formation of spermidine. Moreover, vitamin B12 deficiency also demonstrated a significant reduction in worm lifespan, which was partially recovered by the addition of spermidine. Collectively, our findings suggest that decreased spermidine is one factor responsible for reduced lifespan in vitamin B12-deficient worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawano
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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34
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Wang M, Xu T. Methyl B12 protects PC12 cells against cytotoxicity induced by Aβ 25-35. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11921-11930. [PMID: 30793354 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common aging-associated dementia. The population of AD patients is increasing as the world age grows. Currently, there is no cure for AD. Given that methyl vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) deficiency is related to AD and Aβ-induced oxidative damage and that methylcobalamin can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) by direct or indirect ways, we studied the effect of methylcobalamin on the cytotoxicity of Aβ. PC12 cells were chronically exposed (24 hours) to Aβ25-35 (25 μM) to establish an AD cell model. The cells were pretreated with or without methylcobalamin (1-100 μM) to investigate the role of methylcobalamin. Cell viability and apoptosis were tested, followed by testing of mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial calcium concentration. We observed that methylcobalamin improved the cell viability by decreasing the ratio of apoptosis cells in this AD cell model. Further experiments suggested that methylcobalamin functioned as an antioxidant to scavenge ROS, reducing the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria calcium flux through IP3R, preventing mitochondria dysfunction, ultimately protecting cells against apoptosis and cell death. Taken together, our results presented, for the first time, that methyl vitamin B12 can protect cells from Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and the mechanism was mainly relevant to the antioxidative function of methyl B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of MOH, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zečić A, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. The nutritional requirements of Caenorhabditis elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:15. [PMID: 31080524 PMCID: PMC6501307 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animals require sufficient intake of a variety of nutrients to support their development, somatic maintenance and reproduction. An adequate diet provides cell building blocks, chemical energy to drive cellular processes and essential nutrients that cannot be synthesised by the animal, or at least not in the required amounts. Dietary requirements of nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegans have been extensively studied with the major aim to develop a chemically defined axenic medium that would support their growth and reproduction. At the same time, these studies helped elucidating important aspects of nutrition-related biochemistry and metabolism as well as the establishment of C. elegans as a powerful model in studying evolutionarily conserved pathways, and the influence of the diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zečić
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Revtovich AV, Lee R, Kirienko NV. Interplay between mitochondria and diet mediates pathogen and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008011. [PMID: 30865620 PMCID: PMC6415812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a crucial determinant of organismal biology; interactions between the host, its diet, and its microbiota are critical to determining the health of an organism. A variety of genetic and biochemical means were used to assay stress sensitivity in C. elegans reared on two standard laboratory diets: E. coli OP50, the most commonly used food for C. elegans, or E. coli HT115, which is typically used for RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. We demonstrated that the relatively subtle shift to a diet of E. coli HT115 had a dramatic impact on C. elegans's survival after exposure to pathogenic or abiotic stresses. Interestingly, this was independent of canonical host defense pathways. Instead the change arises from improvements in mitochondrial health, likely due to alleviation of a vitamin B12 deficiency exhibited by worms reared on an E. coli OP50 diet. Increasing B12 availability, by feeding on E. coli HT115, supplementing E. coli OP50 with exogenous vitamin B12, or overexpression of the B12 transporter, improved mitochondrial homeostasis and increased resistance. Loss of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase gene mmcm-1/MUT, which requires vitamin B12 as a cofactor, abolished these improvements, establishing a genetic basis for the E. coli OP50-incurred sensitivity. Our study forges a mechanistic link between a dietary deficiency (nutrition/microbiota) and a physiological consequence (host sensitivity), using the host-microbiota-diet framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Revtovich
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Ryan Lee
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Natalia V. Kirienko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Bernard DJ, Pangilinan FJ, Cheng J, Molloy AM, Brody LC. Mice lacking the transcobalamin-vitamin B12 receptor, CD320, suffer from anemia and reproductive deficits when fed vitamin B12-deficient diet. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3627-3640. [PMID: 30124850 PMCID: PMC6168973 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, poor nutrition, malabsorption and variation in cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolic genes are associated with hematological, neurological and developmental pathologies. Cobalamin is transported from blood into tissues via the transcobalamin (TC) receptor encoded by the CD320 gene. We created mice carrying a targeted deletion of the mouse ortholog, Cd320. Knockout (KO) mice lacking this TC receptor have elevated levels of plasma methylmalonic acid and homocysteine but are otherwise healthy, viable, fertile and not anemic. To challenge the Cd320 KO mice we maintained them on a vitamin B12-deficient diet. After 5 weeks on this diet, reproductive failure develops in Cd320 KO females but not males. In vitro, homozygous Cd320 KO embryos from cobalamin-deficient Cd320 KO dams develop normally to embryonic day (E) 3.5, while in vivo, few uterine decidual implantation sites are observed at E7.5, suggesting that embryos perish around the time of implantation. Dietary restriction of vitamin B12 induces a severe macrocytic anemia in Cd320 KO mice after 10-12 months while control mice on this diet are anemia-free up to 2 years. Despite the severe anemia, cobalamin-deficient KO mice do not exhibit obvious neurological symptoms. Our results with Cd320 KO mice suggest that an alternative mechanism exists for mice to transport cobalamin independent of the Cd320 encoded receptor. Our findings with deficient diet are consistent with historical and epidemiological data suggesting that low vitamin B12 levels in humans are associated with infertility and developmental abnormalities. Our Cd320 KO mouse model is an ideal model system for studying vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bernard
- Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faith J Pangilinan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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38
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Tegegne SM, Jois M, Flavel MR, Callahan DL, Benheim D. Rapid induction of vitamin B12 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic medium. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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39
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Lawrence AD, Nemoto-Smith E, Deery E, Baker JA, Schroeder S, Brown DG, Tullet JMA, Howard MJ, Brown IR, Smith AG, Boshoff HI, Barry CE, Warren MJ. Construction of Fluorescent Analogs to Follow the Uptake and Distribution of Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12) in Bacteria, Worms, and Plants. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:941-951.e6. [PMID: 29779954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is made by only certain prokaryotes yet is required by a number of eukaryotes such as mammals, fish, birds, worms, and Protista, including algae. There is still much to learn about how this nutrient is trafficked across the domains of life. Herein, we describe ways to make a number of different corrin analogs with fluorescent groups attached to the main tetrapyrrole-derived ring. A further range of analogs were also constructed by attaching similar fluorescent groups to the ribose ring of cobalamin, thereby generating a range of complete and incomplete corrinoids to follow uptake in bacteria, worms, and plants. By using these fluorescent derivatives we were able to demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to acquire both cobyric acid and cobalamin analogs, that Caenorhabditis elegans takes up only the complete corrinoid, and that seedlings of higher plants such as Lepidium sativum are also able to transport B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Lawrence
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Emi Nemoto-Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Evelyne Deery
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Joseph A Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Susanne Schroeder
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - David G Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | - Mark J Howard
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Ian R Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Clifton E Barry
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
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40
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Na H, Ponomarova O, Giese GE, Walhout AJM. C. elegans MRP-5 Exports Vitamin B12 from Mother to Offspring to Support Embryonic Development. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3126-3133. [PMID: 29562169 PMCID: PMC5896776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 functions as a cofactor for methionine synthase to produce the anabolic methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to catabolize the short-chain fatty acid propionate. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, maternally supplied vitamin B12 is required for the development of offspring. However, the mechanism for exporting vitamin B12 from the mother to the offspring is not yet known. Here, we use RNAi of more than 200 transporters with a vitamin B12-sensor transgene to identify the ABC transporter MRP-5 as a candidate vitamin B12 exporter. We show that the injection of vitamin B12 into the gonad of mrp-5 deficient mothers rescues embryonic lethality in the offspring. Altogether, our findings identify a maternal mechanism for the transit of an essential vitamin to support the development of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Na
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Olga Ponomarova
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Giese
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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41
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Chelliah R, Choi JG, Hwang SB, Park BJ, Daliri EBM, Kim SH, Wei S, Ramakrishnan SR, Oh DH. In vitro and in vivo defensive effect of probiotic LAB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Caenorhabditis elegans model. Virulence 2018; 9:1489-1507. [PMID: 30257614 PMCID: PMC6177248 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1518088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate in vitro and in vivo the probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Korean traditional fermented foods. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used for analytical assays of fertility, chemotaxis, life-span, worm-killing and bacterial colonization in the intestinal lumen of the worm. All 35 strains of LAB reduced fertility and slowed development in the worms. The worm-killing assay showed that LAB significantly increased the lifespan (P < 0.05) and reduced the susceptibility to virulent PA14; however, the heat-killed LAB did not. The bacterial colonization assay revealed that LAB proliferated and protected the gut of the worm against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. In addition, specific LAB Pediococcus acidilactici(P. acidilactici DM-9), Pediococcus brevis (L. brevis SDL1411), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus SDL1409) strains showed acid resistance (66-91%), resistance to pepsin (64-67%) and viability in simulated intestinal fluid (67-73%) based on in vitro probiotic analyses. Taken together, these results suggest that C. elegans may be a tractable model for screening efficient probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Gu Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-bin Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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42
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McDonald MK, Fritz JA, Jia D, Scheuchner D, Snyder FF, Stanislaus A, Curle J, Li L, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Mains PE, Gravel RA. Identification of ABC transporters acting in vitamin B 12 metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122:160-171. [PMID: 29153845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is a micronutrient essential to human health. Cbl is not utilized as is but must go through complex subcellular and metabolic processing to generate two cofactor forms: methyl-Cbl for methionine synthase, a cytosolic enzyme; and adenosyl-Cbl for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, a mitochondrial enzyme. Some 10-12 human genes have been identified responsible for the intracellular conversion of Cbl to cofactor forms, including genes that code for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters acting at the lysosomal and plasma membranes. However, the gene for mitochondrial uptake is not known. We hypothesized that ABC transporters should be candidates for other uptake and efflux functions, including mitochondrial transport, and set out to screen ABC transporter mutants for blocks in Cbl utilization using the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Thirty-seven mutant ABC transporters were screened for the excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA), which should result from loss of Cbl transport into the mitochondria. One mutant, wht-6, showed elevated MMA excretion and reduced [14C]-propionate incorporation, pointing to a functional block in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. In contrast, the wht-6 mutant appeared to have a normal cytosolic pathway based on analysis of cystathionine excretion, suggesting that cytosolic methionine synthase was functioning properly. Further, the MMA excretion in wht-6 could be partially reversed by including vitamin B12 in the assay medium. The human ortholog of wht-6 is a member of the G family of ABC transporters. We propose wht-6 as a candidate for the transport of Cbl into mitochondria and suggest that a member of the corresponding ABCG family of ABC transporters has this role in humans. Our ABC transporter screen also revealed that mrp-1 and mrp-2 mutants excreted lower MMA than wild type, suggesting they were concentrating intracellular Cbl, consistent with the cellular efflux defect proposed for the mammalian MRP1 ABC transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Julie-Anne Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dongxin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Deborah Scheuchner
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Floyd F Snyder
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Avalyn Stanislaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jared Curle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sally P Stabler
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert H Allen
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul E Mains
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roy A Gravel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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43
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Bito T, Bito M, Asai Y, Takenaka S, Yabuta Y, Tago K, Ohnishi M, Mizoguchi T, Watanabe F. Characterization and Quantitation of Vitamin B 12 Compounds in Various Chlorella Supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8516-8524. [PMID: 27776413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 was determined and characterized in 19 dried Chlorella health supplements. Vitamin contents of dried Chlorella cells varied from <0.1 μg to approximately 415 μg per 100 g of dry weight. Subsequent liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed the presence of inactive corrinoid compounds, a cobalt-free corrinoid, and 5-methoxybenzimidazolyl cyanocobamide (factor IIIm) in four and three high vitamin B12-containing Chlorella tablets, respectively. In four Chlorella tablet types with high and moderate vitamin B12 contents, the coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (approximately 32%) and methylcobalamin (approximately 8%) were considerably present, whereas the unnaturally occurring corrinoid cyanocobalamin was present at the lowest concentrations. The species Chlorella sorokiniana (formerly Chlorella pyrenoidosa) is commonly used in dietary supplements and did not show an absolute requirement of vitamin B12 for growth despite vitamin B12 uptake from the medium being observed. In further experiments, vitamin B12-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase activities were detected in cell homogenates. In particular, methionine synthase activity was significantly increased following the addition of vitamin B12 to the medium. These results suggest that vitamin B12 contents of Chlorella tablets reflect the presence of vitamin B12-generating organic ingredients in the medium or the concomitant growth of vitamin B12-synthesizing bacteria under open culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Mariko Bito
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Kazunori Tago
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | | | | | - Fumio Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University , Tottori 680-8553 Japan
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44
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Bito T, Misaki T, Yabuta Y, Ishikawa T, Kawano T, Watanabe F. Vitamin B 12 deficiency results in severe oxidative stress, leading to memory retention impairment in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2016; 11:21-29. [PMID: 27840283 PMCID: PMC5107735 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in various human diseases and conditions, such as a neurodegeneration, which is the major symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency, although the underlying disease mechanisms associated with vitamin B12 deficiency are poorly understood. Vitamin B12 deficiency was found to significantly increase cellular H2O2 and NO content in Caenorhabditis elegans and significantly decrease low molecular antioxidant [reduced glutathione (GSH) and L-ascorbic acid] levels and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities, indicating that vitamin B12 deficiency induces severe oxidative stress leading to oxidative damage of various cellular components in worms. An NaCl chemotaxis associative learning assay indicated that vitamin B12 deficiency did not affect learning ability but impaired memory retention ability, which decreased to approximately 58% of the control value. When worms were treated with 1 mmol/L GSH, L-ascorbic acid, or vitamin E for three generations during vitamin B12 deficiency, cellular malondialdehyde content as an index of oxidative stress decreased to the control level, but the impairment of memory retention ability was not completely reversed (up to approximately 50%). These results suggest that memory retention impairment formed during vitamin B12 deficiency is partially attributable to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- The School of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Taihei Misaki
- The School of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- The School of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawano
- The School of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- The School of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan.
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45
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Bito T, Watanabe F. Biochemistry, function, and deficiency of vitamin B12 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1663-8. [PMID: 27486161 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216662713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a nematode that has been widely used as an animal for investigation of diverse biological phenomena. Vitamin B12 is essential for the growth of this worm, which contains two cobalamin-dependent enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase. A full complement of gene homologs encoding the enzymes associated with the mammalian intercellular metabolic processes of vitamin B12 is identified in the genome of C elegans However, this worm has no orthologs of the vitamin B12-binders that participate in human intestinal absorption and blood circulation. When the worm is treated with a vitamin B12-deficient diet for five generations (15 days), it readily develops vitamin B12 deficiency, which induces worm phenotypes (infertility, delayed growth, and shorter lifespan) that resemble the symptoms of mammalian vitamin B12 deficiency. Such phenotypes associated with vitamin B12 deficiency were readily induced in the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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46
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The effects of folate intake on DNA and single-carbon pathway metabolism in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster compared to mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 26219578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of vitamin function in non-mammals are poorly understood, despite being essential for development. Folate and cobalamin are B-vitamin cofactors with overlapping roles in transferring various single-carbon units. In mammals, one or both is needed for nucleotide synthesis, DNA methylation, amino acid conversions and other reactions. However, there has been little investigation of the response to folate or cobalamin in insects. Here, we manipulated folate intake and potentially cobalamin levels in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster with chemically-defined diets, an antibiotic to reduce bacterially-derived vitamins, and the folate-interfering pharmaceutical methotrexate, to see if single-carbon metabolites and DNA synthesis rates would be affected. We found that similar to mammals with low folate intake, fruit fly larvae had significantly slower growth and DNA synthesis rates. But changes to single carbon-metabolites did not mirror that of mammals with abnormal folate or given MTX. Five of the nine metabolites measured were not significantly affected (methionine, serine, glycine, methylglycine, and dimethylglycine) and three (cystathionine, methylgycine, and methylmalonic acid) were only decreased in larvae consuming methotrexate. Metabolites expected to be elevated if flies used cobalamin from microbial symbionts were not affected by dietary sulfaquinoxaline. Our data support the role of folate in nucleotide synthesis in D. melanogaster and that microbial symbionts provide functioning folates. We could not confirm how folate intake affects single carbon pathway metabolites, nor whether Drososphila use microbially-derived cobalamin. Further work should explore which cofactors are used in fruit flies in these important and potentially novel pathways.
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Abstract
B12 -antimetabolites are compounds that counteract the physiological effects of vitamin B12 and related natural cobalamins. Presented here is a structure- and reactivity-based concept of the specific 'antivitamins B12 ': it refers to analogues of vitamin B12 that display high structural similarity to the vitamin and are 'locked chemically' to prevent their metabolic conversion into the crucial organometallic B12 -cofactors. Application of antivitamins B12 to healthy laboratory animals is, thus, expected to induce symptoms of B12 -deficiency. Antivitamins B12 may, hence, be helpful in elucidating still largely puzzling pathophysiological phenomena associated with B12 -deficiency, and also in recognizing physiological roles of B12 that probably still remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria).
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48
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Abstract
The microbial mechanisms and key metabolites that shape the composition of the human gut microbiota are largely unknown, impeding efforts to manipulate dysbiotic microbial communities toward stability and health. Vitamins, which by definition are not synthesized in sufficient quantities by the host and can mediate fundamental biological processes in microbes, represent an attractive target for reshaping microbial communities. Here, we discuss how vitamin B12 (cobalamin) impacts diverse host-microbe symbioses. Although cobalamin is synthesized by some human gut microbes, it is a precious resource in the gut and is likely not provisioned to the host in significant quantities. However, this vitamin may make an unrecognized contribution in shaping the structure and function of human gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Degnan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michiko E Taga
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Yilmaz LS, Walhout AJM. Worms, bacteria, and micronutrients: an elegant model of our diet. Trends Genet 2014; 30:496-503. [PMID: 25172020 PMCID: PMC4399232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrients are required in small proportions in a diet to carry out key metabolic roles for biomass and energy production. Humans receive micronutrients either directly from their diet or from gut microbiota that metabolize other nutrients. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its bacterial diet provide a relatively simple and genetically tractable model to study both direct and microbe-mediated effects of micronutrients. Recently, this model has been used to gain insight into the relationship between micronutrients, physiology, and metabolism. In particular, two B-type vitamins, vitamin B12 and folate, have been studied in detail. Here we review how C. elegans and its bacterial diet provide a powerful interspecies systems biology model that facilitates the precise delineation of micronutrient effects and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Safak Yilmaz
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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50
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Bito T, Yabuta Y, Ichiyanagi T, Kawano T, Watanabe F. A dodecylamine derivative of cyanocobalamin potently inhibits the activities of cobalamin-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase of Caenorhabditis elegans. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:722-9. [PMID: 25161880 PMCID: PMC4141197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CN-Cbl dodecylamine, a derivative of cyanocobalamin, was absorbed by C. elegans. CN-Cbl dodecylamine decreased activities of cobalamin-dependent enzymes. CN-Cbl dodecylamine induced cobalamin deficiency in C. elegans. CN-Cbl dodecylamine acts as an inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent enzymes.
In this study, we showed that cyanocobalamin dodecylamine, a ribose 5′-carbamate derivative of cyanocobalamin, was absorbed and accumulated to significant levels by Caenorhabditis elegans and was not further metabolized. The levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, which serve as indicators of cobalamin deficiency, were significantly increased in C. elegans treated with the dodecylamine derivative, indicating severe cobalamin deficiency. Kinetic studies show that the affinity of the cyanocobalamin dodecylamine derivative was greater for two cobalamin-dependent enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase, compared with their respective coenzymes, suggesting that the dodecylamine derivative inactivated these enzymes. The dodecylamine derivative did not affect the levels of mRNAs encoding these enzymes or those of other proteins involved in intercellular cobalamin metabolism, including methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mmcm-1), methylmalonic acidemia cobalamin A complementation group (mmaa-1), methylmalonic aciduria cblC type (cblc-1), and methionine synthase reductase (mtrr-1). In contrast, the level of the mRNAs encoding cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase (mmab-1) was increased significantly and identical to that of cobalamin-deficient C. elegans. These results indicate that the cyanocobalamin-dodecylamine derivative acts as a potent inhibitor of cobalamin-dependent enzymes and induces severe cobalamin deficiency in C. elegans.
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Key Words
- AdoCbl, 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin
- C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CH3-Cbl, methylcobalamin
- CN-Cbl, cyanocobalamin
- Caenorhabditis elegans
- Cbl, cobalamin
- Cyanocobalamin
- Hcy, homocysteine
- IF, intrinsic factor
- MCM, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
- MMA, methylmalonic acid
- MMAA, methylmalonic acidemia cobalamin A complementation group
- MMAB, cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase
- MMACHC, methylmalonic aciduria cblC type
- MS, methionine synthase
- MSR, methionine synthase reductase
- Methionine synthase
- Methylmalonic acid
- Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
- NGM, nematode growth medium
- Vitamin B12
- qPCR, quantitative PCR analysis
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fumio Watanabe
- Corresponding author. Address: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. Tel./fax: +81 857 31 5412.
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